Question: How many kinds of scapulars are there in use among the faithful?

Answer: Among the faithful there are many kinds of scapulars in use, such as the brown scapular or scapular of Mount Carmel worn in honor of Our Lord's passion; the white, in honor of the Holy Trinity; the blue, in honor of the Immaculate Conception; and the black, in honor of the seven dolors of the Blessed Virgin. When these are joined together and worn as one they are called the five scapulars. The brown scapular is best known and entitles its wearer to the greatest privileges and indulgences.

LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.


Question: What are the seven dolors of the Blessed Virgin?

Answer: The seven dolors of the Blessed Virgin are the chief sorrowful events in the life of Our Blessed Lady. They are (1) The Circumcision of Our Lord--when she saw His blood shed for the first time; (2) her flight into Egypt--to save the life of the Infant Jesus, when Herod sought to kill Him; (3) the three days she lost her Son in Jerusalem; (4) when she saw Him carrying the cross; (5) when she saw Him die; (6) when His dead body was taken down from the cross; (7) when it was laid in the sepulchre or tomb.

LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.


Question: What are the seven dolor beads, and how do we say them?

Answer: Seven dolor beads are beads constructed with seven medals, each bearing a representation of one of the seven dolors, and seven beads between each medal and the next. At each medal we meditate on the proper dolor and the say a Hail Mary on each of the bead following it.

LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.


Question: What is an Agnus Dei?

Answer: An Agnus Dei is a small piece of beeswax stamped with the image of a lamb and cross. It is solemnly blessed by the Pope with special prayers for those who carry it about their person in honor of Our Blessed Redeemer, whom we call the Lamb of God, Who taketh away the sins of the world. The wax is usually covered with silk or some fine material.

LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.


Question: {303} Is there any other means of obtaining God's grace than the Sacraments?

Answer: There is another means of obtaining God's grace, and it is prayer.


Question: {304} What is prayer?

Answer: Prayer is the lifting up of our minds and hearts to God, to adore Him, to thank Him for His benefits, to ask His forgiveness, and to beg of Him all the graces we need whether for soul or body.


Question: How many kinds of prayer are there?

Answer: There are two kinds of prayer: (1) Mental prayer, called meditation, in which we spend the time thinking of God or of one or more of the truths He has revealed, that by these thoughts we may be persuaded to lead holier lives; (2) vocal prayer, in which we express these pious thoughts in words.


Question: Why is mental prayer most useful to us?

Answer: Mental prayer is most useful to us because it compels us, while we are engaged in it, to keep our attention fixed on God and His holy laws and to keep our hearts and minds lifted up to Him.


Question: How can we make a meditation?

Answer: We can make a meditation (1) By remembering that we are in the presence of God; (2) by asking the Holy Ghost to give us grace to benefit by the meditation; (3) by reflecting seriously on some sacred truth regarding our salvation; (4) by drawing some good resolution from the thoughts we have had; and (5) by thanking God for the knowledge and grace bestowed on us through the meditation.


Question: Where may we find subjects or points for meditation?

Answer: We may find the subjects or points for meditation in the words of the Our Father, Hail Mary or Apostles' Creed; also in the questions and answers of our Catechism, in the Holy Bible, and in books of meditation.


Question: {305} Is prayer necessary to salvation?

Answer: Prayer is necessary to salvation, and without it no one having the use of reason can be saved.


Question: {306} At what particular times should we pray?

Answer: We should pray particularly on Sundays and holy days, every morning and night, in all dangers, temptations, and afflictions.


Question: {307} How should we pray?

Answer: We should pray: 1st. With attention; 2d. With a sense of our own helplessness and dependence upon God; 3d. With a great desire for the graces we beg of God; 4th. With trust in God's goodness; 5th. With perseverance.


Question: What should our attention at prayer be?

Answer: Our attention at prayer should be threefold, namely, attention to the words, that we may say them correctly and distinctly; attention to their meaning, if we understand it, and attention to God, to whom the words are addressed.


Question: What should be the position of the body when we pray?

Answer: At prayer the most becoming position of the body is kneeling upright, but whether we pray kneeling, standing or sitting, the position of the body should always be one indicating reverence, respect and devotion. We may pray even lying down or walking, for Our Lord Himself says we should pray at all times.


Question: What should we do that we may pray well?

Answer: That we may pray well we should make a preparation before prayer: (1) By calling to mind the dignity of God, to whom we are about to speak, and our own unworthiness to appear in His presence; (2) by fixing upon the precise grace or blessing for which we intend to ask; (3) by remembering God's power and willingness to give if we truly need and earnestly, humbly and confidently ask.


Question: Why does God not always grant our prayers?

Answer: God does not always grant our prayers for these and other reasons: (1) Because we may not pray in the proper manner; (2) that we may learn our dependence on Him, prove our confidence in Him, and merit rewards by our patience and perseverance in prayer. Prudent persons do not grant every request; why, then, should God do so?


Question: What assurance have we that God always hears and rewards our prayers, though He may not grant what we ask?

Answer: We have the assurance of Our Lord Himself that God always hears and rewards our prayers, though He may not grant what we ask; for Christ said: "Ask and it shall be given you," and "if you ask the Father anything in My name, He will give it to you."


Question: {308} Which are the prayers most recommended to us?

Answer: The prayers most recommended to us are the Lord's Prayer, the Hail Mary, the Apostles' Creed, the Confiteor, and the Acts of Faith, Hope, Love, and Contrition.


Question: {309} Are prayers said with distractions of any avail?

Answer: Prayers said with wilful distraction are of no avail.


Question: Why are prayers said with wilful distraction of no avail?

Answer: Prayers said with wilful distraction are of no avail because they are mere words, such as a machine might utter, and since there is no lifting up of the mind or heart with them they cannot be prayer.


Question: Do, then, the distractions which we often have at prayer deprive our prayers of all merit?

Answer: The distractions which we often have at prayer do not deprive our prayers of all merit, because they are not wilful when we try to keep them away, for God rewards our good intentions and the efforts we make to pray well.


Question: What, then, is a distraction?

Answer: A distraction is any thought that, during prayer, enters our mind to turn our thoughts and hearts from God and from the sacred duty we are performing.


Question: What are the fruits of prayer?

Answer: The fruits of prayer are: It strengthens our faith, nourishes our hope, increases our love for God, keeps us humble, merits grace and atones for sin.


Question: Why should we pray when God knows our needs?

Answer: We pray not to remind God or tell Him of what we need, but to acknowledge that He is the Supreme Giver, to adore and worship Him by showing our entire dependence upon Him for every gift to soul or body.


Question: What little prayers may we say even at work?

Answer: Even at work we may say little aspirations such as "My God, pardon my sins; Blessed be the Holy Name of Jesus; Holy Spirit, enlighten me; Holy Mary, pray for me," &c.


Question: Did Our Lord Himself pray, and why?

Answer: Our Lord Himself very frequently prayed, often spending the whole night in prayer. He prayed before every important action, not that He needed to pray, but to set us an example of how and when we should pray.


Question: Why does the Church conclude most of its prayers with the words "through Jesus Christ Our Lord"?

Answer: The Church concludes most of its prayers with the words "through Jesus Christ Our Lord" because it is only through His merits that we can obtain grace, and because "there is no other name given to men whereby we must be saved."


Question: Was any special promise made in favor of the united prayers of two or more persons?

Answer: A special promise was made in favor of the united prayers of two or more persons when Our Lord said: "Where there are two or three gathered together in My name, there am I in the midst of them." Therefore, the united prayers of a congregation, sodality or family, and, above all, the public prayers of the whole Church, have great influence with God. We should join in public prayers out of true devotion, and not from habit, or, worse, to display our piety.


Question: What is the most suitable place for prayer?

Answer: The most suitable place for prayer is in the Church--the house of prayer--made holy by special blessings and, above all, by the Real Presence of Jesus dwelling in the Tabernacle. Still, Our Lord exhorts us to pray also in secret, for His Father, who seeth in secret, will repay us.


Question: For what should we pray?

Answer: We should pray (1) For ourselves, for the blessings of soul and body that we may be devoted servants of God; (2) for the Church, for all spiritual and temporal wants, that the true faith may be everywhere known and professed; (3) for our relatives, friends and benefactors, particularly for those we may in any way have injured; (4) for all men, for the protection of the good and conversion of the wicked, that virtue may flourish and vice disappear; (5) for our spiritual rulers, the Pope, our bishops, priests and religious communities, that they may faithfully perform their sacred duties; (6) for our country and temporal rulers, that they may use their power for the good of their subjects and for the honor and glory of God.


Question: {310} Is it enough to belong to God's Church in order to be saved?

Answer: It is not enough to belong to the Church in order to be saved, but we must also keep the Commandments of God and of the Church.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Are not the commandments of the Church also commandments of God?

Answer: The commandments of the Church are also commandments of God, for they are made by His authority and under the guidance of the Holy Ghost; nevertheless, the Church can change or abolish its own commandments, while it cannot change or abolish the commandments given directly by God Himself.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {311} Which are the Commandments that contain the whole law of God?

Answer: The Commandments which contain the whole law of God are these two: 1st. Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with thy whole heart, with thy whole soul, with thy whole strength, and with thy whole mind; 2. Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {312} Why do these two Commandments of the love of God and of our neighbor contain the whole law of God?

Answer: These two Commandments of the love of God and of our neighbor contain the whole law of God because all the other Commandments are given either to help us to keep these two, or to direct us how to shun what is opposed to them.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Explain further how the two commandments of the love of God and of our neighbor contain the teaching of the whole ten commandments.

Answer: The two commandments of the love of God and of our neighbor contain the teaching of the whole ten commandments because the first three of the ten commandments refer to God and oblige us to worship Him alone, respect His name and serve Him as He wills, and these things we will do if we love Him; secondly, the last seven of the ten commandments refer to our neighbor and forbid us to injure him in body, soul, goods or reputation, and if we love him we will do him no injury in any of these, but, on the contrary, aid him as far as we can.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {313} Which are the Commandments of God?

Answer: The Commandments of God are these ten:

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What does the first commandment mean by a "graven thing" or "the likeness of anything" in heaven, in the earth or in the waters?

Answer: The first commandment means by a "graven thing" or "the likeness of anything" in heaven, in the earth or in the waters, the statue, picture or image of any creature in heaven or of any animal on land or in water intended for an idol and to be worshipped as a god.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {314} Who gave the Ten Commandments?

Answer: God Himself gave the Ten Commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai, and Christ our Lord confirmed them.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: How and when were the Commandments given to Moses?

Answer: The Commandments, written on two tables of stone, were given to Moses in the midst of fire and smoke, thunder and lightning, from which God spoke to him on the mountain, about fifty days after the Israelites were delivered from the bondage of Egypt and while they were on their journey through the desert to the Promised Land.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What do we mean when we say Christ confirmed the Commandments?

Answer: When we say Christ confirmed the Commandments we mean that He strongly approved them, and gave us by His teaching a fuller and clearer knowledge of their meaning and importance.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Was anyone obliged to keep the Commandments before they were given to Moses?

Answer: All persons, from the beginning of the world, were obliged to keep the Commandments, for it was always sinful to blaspheme God, murder, steal or violate any of the Commandments, though they were not written till the time of Moses.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: How many kinds of laws had the Jews before the coming of Our Lord?

Answer: Before the coming of Our Lord the Jews had three kinds of laws: (1) Civil laws, regulating the affairs of their nation; (2) ceremonial laws, governing their worship in the temple; (3) moral laws, guiding their religious belief and actions.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: To which of these laws did the Ten Commandments belong?

Answer: The Ten Commandments belong to the moral law, because they are a compendium or short account of what we must do in order to save our souls; just as the Apostles' Creed is a compendium of what we must believe.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: When did the civil and ceremonial laws of the Jews cease to exist?

Answer: The civil laws of the Jews ceased to exist when the Jewish people, shortly before the coming of Christ, ceased to be an independent nation. The ceremonial laws ceased to exist when the Jewish religion ceased to be the true religion; that is, when Christ established the Christian religion, of which the Jewish religion was only a figure or promise.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Why were not also the moral laws of the Jews abolished when the Christian religion was established?

Answer: The moral laws of the Jews could not be abolished by the establishment of the Christian religion because they regard truth and virtue and have been revealed by God, and whatever God has revealed as true must be always true, and whatever He has condemned as bad in itself must be always bad.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {315} What is the first Commandment?

Answer: The first Commandment is: I am the Lord thy God: thou shalt not have strange gods before me.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What does the commandment mean by "strange gods"?

Answer: By strange gods the commandment means idols or false gods, which the Israelites frequently worshipped when, through their sins, they had abandoned the true God.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: How may we, in a sense, worship strange gods?

Answer: We, in a sense, may worship strange gods by giving up the salvation of our souls for wealth, honors, society, worldly pleasures, &c., so that we would offend God, renounce our faith or give up the practice of our religion for their sake.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {316} How does the first Commandment help us to keep the great Commandment of the love of God?

Answer: The first Commandment helps us to keep the great Commandment of the love of God because it commands us to adore God alone.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {317} How do we adore God?

Answer: We adore God by faith, hope, and charity, by prayer and sacrifice.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: By what prayers do we adore God?

Answer: We adore God by all our prayers, but in particular by the public prayers of the Church, and, above all, by the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {318} How may the first Commandment be broken?

Answer: The first Commandment make be broken by giving to a creature the honor which belongs to God alone; by false worship; and by attributing to a creature a perfection which belongs to God alone.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What is the honor which belongs to God alone?

Answer: The honor which belongs to God alone is a divine honor, in which we offer Him sacrifice, incense or prayer, solely for His own sake and for His own glory. To give such honor to any creature, however holy, would be idolatry.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: How do we offer God false worship?

Answer: We offer God false worship by rejecting the religion He has instituted and following one pleasing to ourselves, with a form of worship He has never authorized, approved or sanctioned.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Why must we serve God in the form of religion He has instituted and in no other?

Answer: We must serve God in the form of religion He has instituted and in no other, because heaven is not a right, but a promised reward, a free gift of God, which we must merit in the manner He directs and pleases.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: When do we attribute to a creature a perfection which belongs to God alone?

Answer: We attribute to a creature a perfection which belongs to God alone when we believe it possesses knowledge or power independently of God, so that it may, without His aid, make known the future or perform miracles.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {319} Do those who make use of spells and charms, or who believe in dreams, in mediums, spiritists, fortune-tellers, and the like, sin against the first Commandment?

Answer: Those who make use of spells and charms, or who believe in dreams, in mediums, spiritists, fortune-tellers, and the like, sin against the first Commandment, because they attribute to creatures perfections which belong to God alone.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What are spells and charms?

Answer: Spells and charms are certain words, by the saying of which superstitious persons believe they can avert evil, bring good fortune or produce some supernatural or wonderful effect. They may be also objects or articles worn about the body for the same purpose.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Are not Agnus Deis, medals, scapulars, &c., which we wear about our bodies also charms?

Answer: Agnus Deis, medals, scapulars, &c., which we wear about our bodies, are not charms, for we do not expect any help from these things themselves, but, through the blessing they have received from the Church, we expect help from God, the Blessed Mother, or the Saint in whose honor we wear them. On the contrary, they who wear charms expect help from the charms themselves, or from some evil spirit.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What must we carefully guard against in all our devotions and religious practices?

Answer: In all our devotions and religious practices we must carefully guard against expecting God to perform miracles when natural causes may bring about what we hope for. God will sometimes miraculously help us, but, as a rule, only when all natural means have failed.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What are dreams and why is it forbidden to believe in them?

Answer: Dreams are the thoughts we have in sleep, when our will is unable to guide them. It is forbidden to believe in them, because they are often ridiculous, unreasonable, or wicked, and are not governed by either reason or faith.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Are bad dreams sinful in themselves?

Answer: Bad dreams are not sinful in themselves, because we cannot prevent them, but we may make them sinful (1) By taking pleasure in them when we awake, and (2) by bad reading or immodest books, thoughts, word or actions before going to sleep; for by any of these things we may make ourselves responsible for the bad dreams.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Did not God frequently in the Old Law make use of dreams as a means of making known His will?

Answer: God did frequently in the Old Law make use of dreams as a means of making known His Will; but on such occasions He always gave proof that what He made known was not a mere dream, but rather a revelation or inspiration. He no longer makes use of such means, for He now makes known His will through the inspiration of His Church.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What are mediums and spiritists?

Answer: Mediums and spiritists are persons who pretend to converse with the dead or with spirits of the other world. They pretend also to give this power to others, that they may know what is going on in heaven, purgatory or hell.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What other practice is very dangerous to faith and morals?

Answer: Another practice very dangerous to faith and morals is the use of mesmerism or hypnotism, because it is liable to sinful abuses, for it deprives a person for a time of the control of his reason and will and places his body and mind entirely in the power of another.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What are fortune tellers?

Answer: Fortune tellers are imposters who, learning the past, or guessing at it, pretend to know also the future and to be able to reveal it to anyone who pays for the knowledge. They pretend also to know whatever concerns things lost or stolen, and the secret thoughts, actions or intentions of others.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: How do we, by believing in spells, charms, mediums, spiritists and fortune tellers, attribute to creatures the perfections of God?

Answer: By believing in spells, charms, mediums, spiritists and fortune tellers we attribute to creatures the perfections of God because we expect these creatures to perform miracles, reveal the hidden judgments of God, and make known His designs for the future with regard to His creatures, things that only God Himself may do.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Is it sinful to consult mediums, spiritists, fortune tellers and the like when we do not believe in them, but through mere curiosity to hear what they may say?

Answer: It is sinful to consult mediums, spiritists, fortune tellers and the like even when we do not believe in them, but through mere curiosity, to hear what they may say, (1) Because it is wrong to expose ourselves to the danger of sinning even though we do not sin; (2) because we may give scandal to others who are not certain that we go through mere curiosity; (3) because by our pretended belief we encourage these impostors to continue their wicked practices.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {320} Are sins against faith, hope, and charity also sins against the first Commandment?

Answer: Sins against faith, hope and charity are also sins against the first Commandment.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {321} How does a person sin against faith?

Answer: A person sins against faith: 1st, By not trying to know what God has taught; 2d, by refusing to believe all that God has taught; 3d, by neglecting to profess his belief in what God has taught.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {322} How do we fail to try to know what God has taught?

Answer: We fail to try to know what God has taught by neglecting to learn the Christian doctrine.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What means have we of learning the Christian doctrine?

Answer: We have many means of learning the Christian doctrine: In youth we have Catechism and special instructions suited to our age; later we have sermons, missions, retreats, religious sodalities and societies through which we may learn. At all times, we have books of instruction, and, above all, the priests of the Church, ever ready to teach us. God will not excuse our ignorance if we neglect to learn our religion when He has given us the means.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Should we learn the Christian doctrine merely for our own sake?

Answer: We should learn the Christian doctrine not merely for our own sake, but for the sake also of others who may sincerely wish to learn from us the truths of our holy faith.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: How should such instruction be given to those who ask it of us?

Answer: Such instruction should be given to those who ask it of us in a kind and Christian spirit, without dispute or bitterness. We should never attempt to explain the truths of our religion unless we are certain of what we say. When we are unable to answer what is asked we should send those who inquire to the priest or to others better instructed than ourselves.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {323} Who are they who do not believe all that God has taught?

Answer: They who do not believe all that God has taught are the heretics and infidels.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Name the different classes of unbelievers and tell what they are.

Answer: The different classes of unbelievers are (1) Atheists, who deny there is a God; (2) Deists, who admit there is a God, but deny that He revealed a religion; (3) Agnostics, who will neither admit nor deny the existence of God; (4) Infidels, who have never been baptized, and who, through want of faith, refuse to be baptized; (5) Heretics, who have been baptized Christians, but do not believe all the articles of faith; (6) Schismatics, who have been baptized and believe all the articles of faith, but do not submit to the authority of the Pope; (7) Apostates, who have rejected the true religion, in which they formerly believed, to join a false religion; (8) Rationalists and Materialists, who believe only in material things.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Will the denial of only one article of faith make a person a heretic?

Answer: The denial of only one article of faith will make a person a heretic and guilty of mortal sin, because the Holy Scripture says: "Whosoever shall keep the whole law but offend in one point is become guilty of all."

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What is an article of faith?

Answer: An article of faith is a revealed truth so important and so certain that no one can deny or doubt it without rejecting the testimony of God. The Church very clearly points out what truths are articles of faith that we may distinguish them from pious beliefs and traditions, so that no one can be guilty of the sin of heresy without knowing it.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {324} Who are they who neglect to profess their belief in what God has taught?

Answer: They who neglect to profess their belief in what God has taught are all those who fail to acknowledge the true Church in which they really believe.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: How do persons who are members of the Church neglect to profess their belief?

Answer: Persons who are members of the Church neglect to profess their belief by living contrary to the teachings of the Church: that is, by neglecting Mass or the Sacraments, doing injury to their neighbor, and disgracing their religion by sinful and scandalous lives.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What chiefly prevents persons who believe in the Church from becoming members of it?

Answer: A want of Christian courage chiefly prevents persons who believe in the Church from becoming members of it. They fear too much the opinion or displeasure of others, the loss of position or wealth, and, in general, the trials they may have to suffer for the sake of the true faith.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What does Our Lord say of those who neglect the true religion for the sake of relatives or friends, or from fear of suffering?

Answer: Our Lord says of those who neglect the true religion for the sake of relatives or friends, or from fear of suffering: "He that loveth father or mother more than Me, is not worthy of Me; and he that loveth son or daughter more than Me, is not worthy of Me"; also: "And whosoever does not carry his cross and come after Me cannot be My disciple."

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What excuse do some give for neglecting to seek and embrace the true religion?

Answer: Some give as an excuse for neglecting to seek and embrace the true religion that we should live in the religion in which we were born, and that one religion is as good as another if we believe we are serving God.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: How do we show that such an excuse is false and absurd?

Answer: We show that such an excuse is false and absurd because (1) It is false and absurd to say that we should remain in error after we have discovered it; (2) because if one religion is as good as another, Our Lord would not have abolished the Jewish religion, nor the apostles have preached against heresy.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {325} Can they who fail to profess their faith in the true Church in which they believe expect to be saved while in that state?

Answer: They who fail to profess their faith in the true Church in which they believe cannot expect to be saved while in that state, for Christ has said: "Whosoever shall deny me before men, I will also deny him before my Father who is in heaven."

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {326} Are we obliged to make open profession of our faith?

Answer: We are obliged to make open profession of our faith as often as God's honor, our neighbor's spiritual good or our own requires it. "Whosoever," says Christ, "shall confess me before men, I will also confess him before my Father who is in heaven."

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: When does God's honor, our neighbor's spiritual good, or our own good require us to make an open profession of our faith?

Answer: God's honor, our neighbor's spiritual good, or our own good requires us to make an open profession of our faith as often as we cannot conceal our religion without violating some law of God or of His Church, or without giving scandal to others or exposing ourselves to the danger of sinning. Pious practices not commanded may often be omitted without any denial of faith.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {327} Which are the sins against hope?

Answer: The sins against hope are presumption and despair.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {328} What is presumption?

Answer: Presumption is a rash expectation of salvation without making proper use of the necessary means to obtain it.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: How may we be guilty of presumption?

Answer: We may be guilty of presumption (1) By putting off confession when in a state of mortal sin; (2) by delaying the amendment of our lives and repentance for past sins; (3) by being indifferent about the number of times we yield to any temptation after we have once yielded and broken our resolution to resist it; (4) by thinking we can avoid sin without avoiding its near occasion; (5) by relying too much on ourselves and neglecting to follow the advice of our confessor in regard to the sins we confess.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {329} What is despair?

Answer: Despair is the loss of hope in God's mercy.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: How may we be guilty of despair?

Answer: We may be guilty of despair by believing that we cannot resist certain temptations, overcome certain sins or amend our lives so as to be pleasing to God.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Are all sins of presumption and despair equally great?

Answer: All sins of presumption and despair are not equally great. They may be very slight or very great in proportion to the degree in which we deny the justice or mercy of God.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {330} How do we sin against the love of God?

Answer: We sin against the love of God by all sin, but particularly by mortal sin.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {331} Does the first Commandment forbid the honoring of the saints?

Answer: The first Commandment does not forbid the honoring of the saints, but rather approves of it; because by honoring the saints, who are the chosen friends of God, we honor God Himself.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What does "invocation" mean?

Answer: Invocation means calling upon another for help or protection, particularly when we are in need or danger. It is used specially with regard to calling upon God or the saints, and hence it means prayer.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: How do we show that by honoring the Saints we honor God Himself?

Answer: We honor the Saints because they honor God. Therefore, it is for His sake that we honor them, and hence by honoring them we honor Him.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Give another reason why we honor God by honoring the Saints.

Answer: Another reason why we honor God by honoring the Saints is this: As we honor our country by honoring its heroes, so do we honor our religion by honoring its Saints. By honoring our religion we honor God, who taught it. Therefore, by honoring the Saints we honor God, for love of whom they became religious heroes in their faith.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {332} Does the first Commandment forbid us to pray to the saints?

Answer: The first Commandment does not forbid us to pray to the saints.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Why does the first commandment not forbid us to pray to the Saints?

Answer: The first commandment does not forbid us to pray to the Saints, because if we are allowed to ask the prayers of our fellow-creatures upon earth we should be allowed also to ask the prayers of our fellow-creatures in heaven. Moreover, the Saints must have an interest in our welfare, because whatever tends to make us good, tends also to the glory of God.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {333} What do we mean by praying to the saints?

Answer: By praying to the saints we mean the asking of their help and prayers.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Do we not slight God Himself by addressing our prayers to saints?

Answer: We do not slight God Himself by addressing our prayers to saints, but, on the contrary, show a greater respect for His majesty and sanctity, acknowledging, by our prayers to the saints, that we are unworthy to address Him for ourselves, and that we, therefore, ask His holy friends to obtain for us what we ourselves are not worthy to ask.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {334} How do we know that the saints hear us?

Answer: We know that the saints hear us, because they are with God, who makes our prayers known to them.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {335} Why do we believe that the saints will help us?

Answer: We believe that the saints will help us because both they and we are members of the same Church, and they love us as their brethren.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {336} How are the saints and we members of the same Church?

Answer: The saints and we are members of the same Church, because the Church in heaven and the Church on earth are one and the same Church, and all its members are in communion with one another.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {337} What is the communion of the members of the Church called?

Answer: The communion of the members of the Church is called the Communion of Saints.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {338} What does the communion of saints mean?

Answer: The communion of saints means the union which exists between the members of the Church on earth with one another, and with the blessed in Heaven, and with the suffering souls in Purgatory.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {339} What benefits are derived from the communion of saints?

Answer: The following benefits are derived from the communion of saints: the faithful on earth assist one another by their prayers and good works, and they are aided by the intercession of the saints in Heaven, while both the saints in Heaven and the faithful on earth help the souls in Purgatory.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: How can we best honor the Saints, and where shall we learn their virtues?

Answer: We can best honor the Saints by imitating their virtues, and we shall learn their virtues from the written accounts of their lives. Among the Saints we shall find models for every age, condition or state of life.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {340} Does the first Commandment forbid us to honor relics?

Answer: The first Commandment does not forbid us to honor relics, because relics are the bodies of the saints or objects directly connected with them or with our Lord.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: How many kinds or classes of relics are there?

Answer: There are three kinds or classes of relics: (1) The body or part of the body of a saint; (2) articles, such as clothing or books, used by the saint; (3) articles that have touched a relic of the body or other relic.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What is there special about a relic of the true cross on which Our Lord Died, and also about the instruments of His Passion?

Answer: The relics of the true Cross and relics of the thorns, nails, &c., used in the Passion are entitled to a very special veneration, and they have certain privileges with regard to their use and the manner of keeping them that other relics have not. A relic of the true Cross is never kept or carried with other relics.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What veneration does the Church permit us to give to relics?

Answer: The Church permits us to give relics a veneration similar to that we give images. We do not venerate the relics for their own sake, but for the sake of the persons they represent. The souls of canonized saints are certainly in heaven, and we are certain that their bodies also will be there. Therefore, we may honor their bodies because they are to be glorified in heaven and were sanctified upon earth.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What care does the Church take in the examination and distribution of relics?

Answer: The Church takes the greatest care in the examination and distribution of relics. (1) The canonization or beatification of the person whose relic we receive must be certain; (2) the relics are sent in sealed packets, that must be opened only by the bishop of the diocese to which the relics are sent, and each relic or packet must be accompanied by a document or written paper proving its genuineness; (3) the relics cannot be exposed for public veneration until the bishop examines them and pronounces them authentic; that is, that they are what they are claimed to be.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What should we be certain of before using any relic or giving it to another?

Answer: Before using any relic or giving it to another we should be certain that all the requirements of the Church concerning it have been fulfilled, and that the relic really is, as far as it is possible for any one to know, what we believe it to be.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Has God Himself honored relics?

Answer: God Himself has frequently honored relics by permitting miracles to be wrought through them. There is an example given in the Bible, in the IV Book of Kings, where it is related that a dead man was restored to life when his body touched the bones, that is, the relics of the holy prophet Eliseus.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {341} Does the first Commandment forbid the making of images?

Answer: The first Commandment does forbid the making of images if they are made to be adored as gods, but it does not forbid the making of them to put us in mind of Jesus Christ, His Blessed Mother, and the saints.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: How do we show that it is only the worship and not the making of images that is forbidden by the first commandment?

Answer: We show that it is only the worship and not the making of images that is forbidden by the first commandment, (1) Because no one thinks it sinful to carve statues or make photographs or paintings of relatives or friends; (2) because God Himself commanded the making of images for the temple after He had given the first commandment, and God never contradicts Himself.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {342} Is it right to show respect to the pictures and images of Christ and His saints?

Answer: It is right to show respect to the pictures and images of Christ and His saints, because they are the representations and memorials of them.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Have we in this country any civil custom similar to that of honoring the pictures and images of saints?

Answer: We have, in this country, a civil custom similar to that of honoring pictures and images of saints, for, on Decoration or Memorial Day, patriotic citizens place flowers, flags, or emblems about the statues of our deceased civil heroes, to honor the persons these statues represent; for just as we can dishonor a man by abusing his image, so we can honor him by treating it with respect and reverence.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {343} Is it allowed to pray to the crucifix or to the images and relics of the saints?

Answer: It is not allowed to pray to the crucifix or images and relics of the saints, for they have no life, nor power to help us, nor sense to hear us.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {344} Why do we pray before the crucifix and the images and relics of the saints?

Answer: We pray before the crucifix and the images and relics of the saints because they enliven our devotion by exciting pious affections and desires, and by reminding us of Christ and of the saints, that we may imitate their virtues.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {345} What is the second Commandment?

Answer: The second Commandment is: Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What do you mean by taking God's name in vain?

Answer: By taking God's name in vain I mean taking it without reverence, as in cursing or using in a light and careless manner, as in exclamation.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {346} What are we commanded by the second Commandment?

Answer: We are commanded by the second Commandment to speak with reverence of God and of the saints, and of all holy things, and to keep our lawful oaths and vows.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Is it sinful to use the words of Holy Scripture in a bad or worldly sense?

Answer: It is sinful to use the words of Holy Scripture in a bad or worldly sense, to joke in them or ridicule their sacred meaning, or in general to give them any meaning but the one we believe God has intended them to convey.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {347} What is an oath?

Answer: An oath is the calling upon God to witness the truth of what we say.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: How is an oath usually taken?

Answer: An oath is usually taken by laying the hand on the Bible or by lifting the hand towards heaven as a sign that we call God to witness that what we are saying is under oath and to the best of our knowledge really true.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What is perjury?

Answer: Perjury is the sin one commits who knowingly takes a false oath; that is, swears to the truth of what he knows to be false. Perjury is a crime against the law of our country and a mortal sin before God.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Who have the right to make us take an oath?

Answer: All persons to whom the law of our country has given such authority have the right to make us take an oath. They are chiefly judges, magistrates and public officials, whose duty it is to enforce the laws. In religious matters bishops and others to whom authority is given have also the right to make us take an oath.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {348} When may we take an oath?

Answer: We may take an oath when it is ordered by lawful authority or required for God's honor or for our own or our neighbor's good.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: When may an oath be required for God's honor or for our own or our neighbor's good?

Answer: An oath may be required for God's honor or for our own or our neighbor's good when we are called upon to defend our religion against false charges; or to protect our own or our neighbor's property or good name; or when we are required to give testimony that will enable the lawful authorities to discover the guilt or innocence of a person accused.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Is it ever allowed to promise under oath, in secret societies or elsewhere, to obey another in whatever good or evil he commands?

Answer: It is never allowed to promise under oath, in secret societies or elsewhere, to obey another in whatever good or evil he commands, for by such an oath we would declare ourselves ready and willing to commit sin, if ordered to do so, while God commands us to avoid even the danger of sinning. Hence the Church forbids us to join any society in which such oaths are taken by its members.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What societies in general are we forbidden to join?

Answer: In general we are forbidden to join (1) All societies condemned by the Church; (2) all societies of which the object is unlawful and the means used sinful; (3) societies in which the rights and freedom of our conscience are violated by rash or dangerous oaths; (4) societies in which any false religious ceremony or form of worship is used.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Are trades unions and benefit societies forbidden?

Answer: Trades unions and benefit societies are not in themselves forbidden because they have lawful ends, which they can secure by lawful means. The Church encourages every society that lawfully aids its members spiritually or temporally, and censures or disowns every society that uses sinful or unlawful means to secure even a good end; for the Church can never permit anyone to do evil that good may come of it.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Is it lawful to vow or promise strict obedience to a religious superior?

Answer: It is lawful to vow or promise strict obedience to a religious superior, because such superior can exact obedience only in things that have the sanction of God or of His Church.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {349} What is necessary to make an oath lawful?

Answer: To make an oath lawful it is necessary that what we swear to be true, and that there be a sufficient cause for taking an oath.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {350} What is a vow?

Answer: A vow is a deliberate promise made to God to do something that is pleasing to Him.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Which are the vows most frequently made?

Answer: The vows most frequently made are the three vows of poverty, chastity and obedience, taken by persons living in religious communities or consecrated to God. Persons living in the world are sometimes permitted to make such vows privately, but this should never be done without the advice and consent of their confessor.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What do the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience require?

Answer: The vows of poverty, chastity and obedience require that those who make them shall not possess or keep any property or goods for themselves alone; that they shall not marry or be guilty of any immodest acts, and that they shall strictly obey their lawful superiors.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Has it always been a custom with pious Christians to make vows and promises to God?

Answer: It has always been a custom with pious Christians to make vows and promises to God; to beg His help for some special end, or to thank Him for some benefit received. They have promised pilgrimages, good works or alms and they have vowed to erect churches, convents, hospitals or schools.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What is a pilgrimage?

Answer: A pilgrimage is a journey to a holy place made in a religious manner and for a religious purpose.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {351} Is it a sin not to fulfill our vows?

Answer: Not to fulfill our vows is a sin, mortal or venial, according to the nature of the vow and the intention we had in making it.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Are we bound to keep an unlawful oath or vow?

Answer: We are not bound, but, on the contrary, positively forbidden to keep an unlawful oath or vow. We are guilty of sin in taking such an oath or making such a vow, and we would be guilty of still greater sin by keeping them.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {352} What is forbidden by the second Commandment?

Answer: The second Commandment forbids all false, rash, unjust, and unnecessary oaths, blasphemy, cursing, and profane words.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: When is an oath rash, unjust or unnecessary?

Answer: An oath is rash when we are not sure of the truth of what we swear; it is unjust when it injures another unlawfully; and it is unnecessary when there is no good reason for taking it.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What is blasphemy, and what are profane words?

Answer: Blasphemy is any word or action intended as an insult to God. To say He is cruel or find fault with His works is blasphemy. It is a much greater sin than cursing or taking God's name in vain. Profane words mean here bad, irreverent or irreligious words.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {353} What is the third Commandment?

Answer: The third Commandment is: Remember thou keep holy the Sabbath day.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {354} What are we commanded by the third Commandment?

Answer: By the third Commandment we are commanded to keep holy the Lord's day and the holydays of obligation, on which we are to give our time to the service and worship of God.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What are holydays of obligation?

Answer: Holydays of obligation are special feasts of the Church on which we are bound, under pain of mortal sin, to hear Mass and to keep from servile or bodily labors when it can be done without great loss or inconvenience. Whoever, on account of their circumstances, cannot give up work on holydays of obligation should make every effort to hear Mass and should also explain in confession the necessity of working on holydays.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {355} How are we to worship God on Sundays and holydays of obligation?

Answer: We are to worship God on Sundays and holydays of obligation by hearing Mass, by prayer, and by other good works.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Name some of the good works recommended for Sunday.

Answer: Some of the good works recommended for Sunday are: The reading of religious books or papers, teaching Catechism, bringing relief to the poor or sick, visiting the Blessed Sacrament, attending Vespers, Rosary or other devotions in the Church; also attending the meetings of religious sodalities or societies. It is not necessary to spend the whole Sunday in such good works, but we should give some time to them, that for the love of God we may do a little more than what is strictly commanded.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Is it forbidden, then, to seek any pleasure or enjoyment on Sunday?

Answer: It is not forbidden to seek lawful pleasure or enjoyment on Sunday, especially to those who are occupied during the week, for God did not intend the keeping of the Sunday to be a punishment, but a benefit to us. Therefore, after hearing Mass we may take such recreation as is necessary or useful for us; but we should avoid any vulgar, noisy or disgraceful amusements that turn the day of rest and prayer into a day of scandal and sin.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {356} Are the Sabbath day and the Sunday the same?

Answer: The Sabbath day and the Sunday are not the same. The Sabbath is the seventh day of the week, and is the day which was kept holy in the old law; the Sunday is the first day of the week, and is the day which is kept holy in the new law.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What is meant by the Old and New Law?

Answer: The Old Law means the law or religion given to the Jews; the New Law means the law or religion given to Christians.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {357} Why does the Church command us to keep the Sunday holy instead of the Sabbath?

Answer: The Church commands us to keep the Sunday holy instead of the Sabbath because on Sunday Christ rose from the dead, and on Sunday He sent the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Do we keep Sunday instead of Saturday holy for any other reason?

Answer: We keep Sunday instead of Saturday holy also to teach that the Old Law is not now binding upon us, but that we must keep the New Law, which takes its place.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {358} What is forbidden by the third Commandment?

Answer: The third Commandment forbids all unnecessary servile work and whatever else may hinder the due observance of the Lord's day.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {359} What are servile works?

Answer: Servile works are those which require labor rather of body than of mind.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: From what do servile works derive their name?

Answer: Servile works derive their name from the fact that such works were formerly done by slaves. Therefore, reading, writing, studying and, in general, all works that slaves did not perform are not considered servile works.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {360} Are servile works on Sunday ever lawful?

Answer: Servile works are lawful on Sundays when the honor of God, the good of our neighbor, or necessity requires them.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Give some examples of when the honor of God, the good of our neighbor or necessity may require servile works on Sunday.

Answer: The honor of God, the good of our neighbor or necessity may require servile works on Sunday, in such cases as the preparation of a place for Holy Mass, the saving of property in storms or accidents, the cooking of meals and similar works.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {361} What is the fourth Commandment?

Answer: The fourth Commandment is: Honor thy father and thy mother.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What does the word "honor" in this commandment include?

Answer: The word "honor" in this commandment includes the doing of everything necessary for our parents' spiritual and temporal welfare, the showing of proper respect, and the fulfillment of all our duties to them.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {362} What are we commanded by the fourth Commandment?

Answer: We are commanded by the fourth Commandment to honor, love and obey our parents in all that is not sin.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Why should we refuse to obey parents or superiors who command us to sin?

Answer: We should refuse to obey parents or superiors who command us to sin because they are not then acting with God's authority, but contrary to it and in violation of His laws.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {363} Are we bound to honor and obey others than our parents?

Answer: We are also bound to honor and obey our bishops, pastors, magistrates, teachers, and other lawful superiors.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Who are meant by magistrates?

Answer: By magistrates are meant all officials of whatever rank who have a lawful right to rule over us and our temporal possessions or affairs.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Who are meant by lawful superiors?

Answer: By lawful superiors are meant all persons to whom we are in any way subject, such as employers or others under whose authority we live or work.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What is the duty of servants or workmen to their employers?

Answer: The duty of servants or workmen to their employers is to serve them faithfully and honestly, according to their agreement, and to guard against injuring their property or reputation.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {364} Have parents and superiors any duties toward those who are under their charge?

Answer: It is the duty of parents and superiors to take good care of all under their charge and give them proper direction and example.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: If parents or superiors neglect their duty or abuse their authority in any particular, should we follow their direction and example in that particular?

Answer: If parents or superiors neglect their duty or abuse their authority in any particular we should not follow their direction or example in that particular, but follow the dictates of our conscience in the performance of our duty.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What is the duty of employers to their servants or workmen?

Answer: The duty of employers to their servants or workmen is to see that they are kindly and fairly treated and provided for, according to their agreement, and that they are justly paid their wages at the proper time.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {365} What is forbidden by the fourth Commandment?

Answer: The fourth Commandment forbids all disobedience, contempt, and stubbornness towards our parents or lawful superiors.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What is meant by contempt and stubbornness?

Answer: By contempt is meant wilful disrespect for lawful authority, and by stubbornness is meant wilful determination not to yield to lawful authority.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {366} What is the fifth Commandment?

Answer: The fifth Commandment is: Thou shalt not kill.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What killing does this commandment forbid?

Answer: This commandment forbids the killing only of human beings.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: How do we know that this commandment forbids the killing only of human beings?

Answer: We know that this commandment forbids the killing only of human beings because, after giving this commandment, God commanded that animals be killed for sacrifice in the temple of Jerusalem, and God never contradicts Himself.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {367} What are we commanded by the fifth Commandment?

Answer: We are commanded by the fifth Commandment to live in peace and union with our neighbor, to respect his rights, to seek his spiritual and bodily welfare, and to take proper care of our own life and health.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What sin is it to destroy one's own life, or commit suicide, as this act is called?

Answer: It is a mortal sin to destroy one's own life or commit suicide, as this act is called, and persons who wilfully and knowingly commit such an act die in a state of mortal sin and are deprived of Christian burial. It is also wrong to expose one's self unnecessarily to the danger of death by rash or foolhardy feats of daring.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Is it ever lawful for any cause to deliberately and intentionally take away the life of an innocent person?

Answer: It is never lawful for any cause to deliberately and intentionally take away the life of an innocent person. Such deeds are always murder, and can never be excused for any reason, however important or necessary.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Under what circumstances may human life be lawfully taken?

Answer: Human life may be lawfully taken (1) In self-defense, when we are unjustly attacked and have no other means of saving our own lives; (2) in a just war, when the safety or rights of the nation require it; (3) by the lawful execution of a criminal, fairly tried and found guilty of a crime punishable by death when the preservation of law and order and the good of the community require such execution.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {368} What is forbidden by the fifth Commandment?

Answer: The fifth Commandment forbids all wilful murder, fighting, anger, hatred, revenge, and bad example.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Can the fifth commandment be broken by giving scandal or bad example and by inducing others to sin?

Answer: The fifth commandment can be broken by giving scandal or bad example and inducing others to sin, because such acts may destroy the life of the soul by leading it into mortal sin.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What is scandal?

Answer: Scandal is any sinful word, deed or omission that disposes others to sin, or lessens their respect for God and holy religion.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Why are fighting, anger, hatred and revenge forbidden by the fifth commandment?

Answer: Fighting, anger, hatred and revenge are forbidden by the fifth commandment because they are sinful in themselves and may lead to murder. The commandments forbid not only whatever violates them, but also whatever may lead to their violation.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {369} What is the sixth Commandment?

Answer: The sixth Commandment is: Thou shalt not commit adultery.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {370} What are we commanded by the sixth Commandment?

Answer: We are commanded by the sixth Commandment to be pure in thought and modest in all our looks, words, and actions.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: It is a sin to listen to immodest conversation, songs or jokes?

Answer: It is a sin to listen to immodest conversation, songs or jokes when we can avoid it, or to show in any way that we take pleasure in such things.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {371} What is forbidden by the sixth Commandment?

Answer: The sixth Commandment forbids all unchaste freedom with another's wife or husband; also all immodesty with ourselves or others in looks, dress, words, and actions.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Why are sins of impurity the most dangerous?

Answer: Sins of impurity are the most dangerous (1) Because they have the most numerous temptations; (2) because, if deliberate, they are always mortal, and (3) because, more than other sins, they lead to the loss of faith.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {372} Does the sixth Commandment forbid the reading of bad and immodest books and newspapers?

Answer: The sixth Commandment does forbid the reading of bad and immodest books and newspapers.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What should be done with immodest book and newspapers?

Answer: Immodest books and newspapers should be destroyed as soon as possible, and if we cannot destroy them ourselves we should induce their owners to do so.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What books does the Church consider bad?

Answer: The Church considers bad all books containing teaching contrary to faith or morals, or that wilfully misrepresent Catholic doctrine and practice.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What places are dangerous to the virtue of purity?

Answer: Indecent theaters and similar places of amusement are dangerous to the virtue of purity, because their entertainments are frequently intended to suggest immodest things.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {373} What is the seventh Commandment?

Answer: The seventh Commandment is: Thou shalt not steal.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What sin is it to steal?

Answer: To steal is a mortal or venial sin, according to the amount stolen either at once or at different times. Circumstances may make the sin greater or less, and they should be explained in confession.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Is stealing ever a sacrilege?

Answer: Stealing is a sacrilege when the thing stolen belongs to the Church and when the stealing takes place in the Church.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What sins are equivalent to stealing?

Answer: All sins of cheating, defrauding or wronging others of their property; also all sins of borrowing or buying with the intention of never repaying are equivalent to stealing.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: In what other ways may persons sin against honesty?

Answer: Persons may sin against honesty also by knowingly receiving, buying or sharing in stolen goods; likewise by giving or taking bribes for dishonest purposes.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {374} What are we commanded by the seventh Commandment?

Answer: By the seventh Commandment we are commanded to give to all men what belongs to them and to respect their property.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: How may persons working for others be guilty of dishonesty?

Answer: Persons working for others may be guilty of dishonesty by idling the time for which they are paid; also by doing bad work or supplying bad material without their employer's knowledge.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: In what other way may a person be guilty of dishonesty?

Answer: A person may be guilty of dishonesty in getting money or goods by false pretenses and by using either for purposes for which they were not given.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {375} What is forbidden by the seventh Commandment?

Answer: The seventh Commandment forbids all unjust taking or keeping what belongs to another.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What must we do with things found?

Answer: We must return things found to their lawful owners as soon as possible, and we must also use reasonable means to find the owners if they are unknown to us.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What must we do if we discover we have bought stolen goods?

Answer: If we discover we have bought stolen goods and know their lawful owners we must return the goods to them as soon as possible without demanding compensation from the owner for what we paid for the goods.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {376} Are we bound to restore ill-gotten goods?

Answer: We are bound to restore ill-gotten goods, or the value of them, as far as we are able; otherwise we cannot be forgiven.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What must we do if we cannot restore all we owe, or if the person to whom we should restore be dead?

Answer: If we cannot restore all we owe, we must restore as much as we can, and if the person to whom we should restore be dead we must restore to his children or heirs, and if these cannot be found we may give alms to the poor.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What must one do who cannot pay his debts and yet wishes to receive the Sacraments?

Answer: One who cannot pay his debts and yet wishes to receive the Sacraments must sincerely promise and intend to pay them as soon as possible, and must without delay make every effort to do so.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {377} Are we obliged to repair the damage we have unjustly caused?

Answer: We are bound to repair the damage we have unjustly caused.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {378} What is the eighth Commandment?

Answer: The eighth Commandment is: Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {379} What are we commanded by the eighth Commandment?

Answer: We are commanded by the eighth Commandment to speak the truth in all things, and to be careful of the honor and reputation of every one.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What is a lie?

Answer: A lie is a sin committed by knowingly saying what is untrue with the intention of deceiving. To swear to a lie makes the sin greater, and such swearing is called perjury. Pretense, hypocrisy, false praise, boasting, &c., are similar to lies.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: How can we know the degree of sinfulness in a lie?

Answer: We can know the degree of sinfulness in a lie by the amount of harm it does and from the intention we had in telling it.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Will a good reason for telling a lie excuse it?

Answer: No reason, however good, will excuse the telling of a lie, because a lie is always bad in itself. It is never allowed, even for a good intention to do a thing that is bad in itself.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {380} What is forbidden by the eighth Commandment?

Answer: The eighth Commandment forbids all rash judgments, backbiting, slanders, and lies.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What are rash judgment, backbiting, slander and detraction?

Answer: Rash judgment is believing a person guilty of sin without a sufficient cause. Backbiting is saying evil things of another in his absence. Slander is telling lies about another with the intention of injuring him. Detraction is revealing the sins of another without necessity.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Is it ever allowed to tell the faults of another?

Answer: It is allowed to tell the faults of another when it is necessary to make them known to his parents or superiors, that the faults may be corrected and the wrong doer prevented from greater sin.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What is tale-bearing, and why is it wrong?

Answer: Tale-bearing is the act of telling persons what others have said about them, especially if the things said be evil. It is wrong, because it gives rise to anger, hatred and ill-will, and is often the cause of greater sins.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {381} What must they do who have lied about their neighbor and seriously injured his character?

Answer: They who have lied about their neighbor and seriously injured his character must repair the injury done as far as they are able, otherwise they will not be forgiven.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {382} What is the ninth Commandment?

Answer: The ninth Commandment is: Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {383} What are we commanded by the ninth Commandment?

Answer: We are commanded by the ninth Commandment to keep ourselves pure in thought and desire.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {384} What is forbidden by the ninth Commandment?

Answer: The ninth Commandment forbids unchaste thoughts, desires of another's wife or husband, and all other unlawful impure thoughts and desires.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {385} Are impure thoughts and desires always sins?

Answer: Impure thoughts and desires are always sins, unless they displease us and we try to banish them.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {386} What is the tenth Commandment?

Answer: The tenth Commandment is: Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's goods.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What does covet mean?

Answer: Covet means to wish to get wrongfully what another possesses or to begrudge his own to him.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {387} What are we commanded by the tenth Commandment?

Answer: By the tenth Commandment we are commanded to be content with what we have, and to rejoice in our neighbor's welfare.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Should we not, then, try to improve our position in the world?

Answer: We should try to improve our position in the world, provided we can do so honestly and without exposing ourselves to greater temptation or sin.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {388} What is forbidden by the tenth Commandment?

Answer: The tenth Commandment forbids all desires to take or keep wrongfully what belongs to another.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: In what does the sixth commandment differ from the ninth, and the seventh differ from the tenth?

Answer: The sixth commandment differs from the ninth in this, that the sixth refers chiefly to external acts of impurity, while the ninth refers more to sins of thought against purity. The seventh commandment refers chiefly to external acts of dishonesty, while the tenth refers more to thoughts against honesty.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Are not the commandments of the Church also commandments of God?

Answer: The commandments of the Church are also commandments of God, because they are made by His authority, and we are bound under pain of sin to observe them.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What is the difference between the commandments of God and the Commandments of the Church?

Answer: The commandments of God were given by God Himself to Moses on Mount Sinai; the commandments of the Church were given on different occasions by the lawful authorities of the Church. The Commandments given by God Himself cannot be changed by the Church; but the commandments made by the Church itself may be changed by its authority as necessity requires.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {389} Which are the chief commandments of the Church?

Answer: The chief commandments of the Church are six:

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Why has the Church made commandments?

Answer: The Church has made commandments to teach the faithful how to worship God and to guard them from the neglect of their religious duties.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {390} Is it a mortal sin not to hear Mass on a Sunday or a holyday of obligation?

Answer: It is a mortal sin not to hear Mass on a Sunday or a holyday of obligation, unless we are excused for a serious reason. They also commit a mortal sin who, having others under their charge, hinder them from hearing Mass, without a sufficient reason.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What is a "serious reason" excusing one from the obligation of hearing Mass?

Answer: A "serious reason" excusing one from the obligation of hearing Mass is any reason that makes it impossible or very difficult to attend Mass, such as severe illness, great distance from the Church, or the need of certain works that cannot be neglected or postponed.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Are children obliged, under pain of mortal sin, the same as grown persons, to hear Mass on Sundays and holydays of obligation?

Answer: Children who have reached the use of reason are obliged under pain of mortal sin, the same as grown persons, to hear Mass on Sundays and holydays of obligation; but if they are prevented from so doing by parents, or others, then the sin falls on those who prevent them.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {391} Why were holydays instituted by the church?

Answer: Holydays were instituted by the Church to recall to our minds the great mysteries of religion and the virtues and rewards of the saints.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: How many holydays of obligation are there in this country?

Answer: In this country there are six holydays of obligation, namely, (1) Feast of the Immaculate Conception (Dec. 8th); (2) Christmas (Dec. 25th); (3) Feast of the Circumcision of Our Lord (Jan. 1st); (4) Feast of the Ascension of Our Lord (forty days after Easter); (5) Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin (Aug. 15th); and (6) Feast of All Saints (Nov. 1st).

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {392} How should we keep the holydays of obligation?

Answer: We should keep the holydays of obligation as we should keep the Sunday.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Why are certain holydays called holydays of obligation?

Answer: Certain holydays are called holydays of obligation because on such days we are obliged under pain of mortal sin to hear Mass and keep from servile works as we do on Sundays.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What should one do who is obliged to work on a holyday of obligation?

Answer: One who is obliged to work on a holyday of obligation should, if possible, hear Mass before going to work, and should also explain this necessity in confession, so as to obtain the confessor's advice on the subject.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {393} What do you mean by fast-days?

Answer: By fast-days I mean days on which we are allowed but one full meal.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Is it permitted on fast days to take any food besides the one full meal?

Answer: It is permitted on fast days, besides the one full meal, to take two other meatless meals, to maintain strength, according to each one's needs. But together these two meatless meals should not equal another full meal.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Who are obliged to fast?

Answer: All persons over 21 and under 59 years of age, and whose health and occupation will permit them to fast.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Does the Church excuse any classes of persons from the obligation of fasting?

Answer: The Church does excuse certain classes of persons from the obligation of fasting on account of their age, the condition of their health, the nature of their work, or the circumstances in which they live. These things are explained in the Regulations for Lent, read publicly in the Churches each year.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What should one do who doubts whether or not he is obliged to fast?

Answer: In doubt concerning fast, a parish priest or confessor should be consulted.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: When do fast days chiefly occur in the year?

Answer: Fast days chiefly occur in the year during Lent and Advent, on the Ember days and on the vigils or eves of some great feasts. A vigil falling on a Sunday is not observed.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What do you mean by Lent, Advent, Ember days and the vigils of great feasts?

Answer: Lent is the seven weeks of penance preceding Easter. Advent is the four weeks of preparation preceding Christmas. Ember days are three days set apart in each of the four seasons of the year as special days of prayer and thanksgiving. Vigils are the days immediately preceding great feasts and spent in spiritual preparation for them.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {394} What do you mean by days of abstinence?

Answer: By days of abstinence I mean days on which no meat at all may be taken (complete abstinence) or on which meat may be taken only once a day (partial abstinence). This is explained in the regulations for Lent. All the Fridays of the year are days of abstinence except when a Holyday of obligation falls on a Friday outside of Lent.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Are children and persons unable to fast bound to abstain on days of abstinence?

Answer: Children, from the age of seven years, and persons who are unable to fast are bound to abstain on days of abstinence, unless they are excused for sufficient reason.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {395} Why does the Church command us to fast and abstain?

Answer: The Church commands us to fast and abstain, in order that we may mortify our passions and satisfy for our sins.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What is meant by our passions and what by mortifying them?

Answer: By our passions are meant our sinful desires and inclinations. Mortifying them means restraining them and overcoming them so that they have less power to lead us into sin.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {396} Why does the Church command us to abstain from flesh-meat on Fridays?

Answer: The Church commands us to abstain from flesh-meat on Fridays in honor of the day on which our Saviour died.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {397} What is meant by the command of confessing at least once a year?

Answer: By the command of confessing at least once a year is meant that we are obliged, under pain of mortal sin, to go to confession within the year.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {398} Should we confess only once a year?

Answer: We should confess frequently, if we wish to lead a good life.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Should we go to confession at our usual time even if we think we have not committed sin since our last confession?

Answer: We should go to confession at our usual time even if we think we have not committed sin since our last confession, because the Sacrament of Penance has for its object not only to forgive sins, but also to bestow grace and strengthen the soul against temptation.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {399} Should children go to confession?

Answer: Children should go to confession when they are old enough to commit sin, which is commonly about the age of seven years.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {400} What sin does he commit who neglects to receive Communion during the Easter time?

Answer: He who neglects to receive Communion during the Easter time commits a mortal sin.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {401} What is the Easter time?

Answer: The Easter time is, in this country, the time between the first Sunday of Lent and Trinity Sunday.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: When is Trinity Sunday?

Answer: Trinity Sunday is the Sunday after Pentecost, or eight weeks after Easter Sunday; so that there are fourteen weeks in which one may comply with the command of the Church to receive Holy Communion between the first Sunday of Lent and Trinity Sunday.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {402} Are we obliged to contribute to the support of our pastors?

Answer: We are obliged to contribute to the support of our pastors, and to bear our share in the expense of the Church and school.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Where did the duty of contributing to the support of the Church and clergy originate?

Answer: The duty of contributing to the support of the Church and clergy originated in the Old Law, when God commanded all the people to contribute to the support of the temple and of its priests.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What does the obligation of supporting the Church and school imply?

Answer: The obligation of supporting the Church and school implies the duty of making use of the Church and school by attending religious worship in the one and by giving Catholic education in the other; because if the Church and school were not necessary for our spiritual welfare we would not be commanded to support them.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Does the fifth commandment of the Church include the support only of our pastors and the Church and school?

Answer: The fifth commandment of the Church includes the support also of our holy father, the Pope, bishops, priests, missions, religious institutions and religion in general.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {403} What is the meaning of the commandment not to marry within the third degree of kindred?

Answer: The meaning of the commandment not to marry within the third degree of kindred is that no one is allowed to marry another within the third degree of blood relationship.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Who are in the third degree of blood relationship?

Answer: Second cousins are in the third degree of blood relationship, and persons whose relationship is nearer than second cousins are in closer degrees of kindred. It is unlawful for persons thus related to marry without a dispensation or special permission of the Church.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Are there other relationships besides blood relationship that render marriage unlawful without a dispensation?

Answer: There are other relationships besides blood relationship that render marriage unlawful without a dispensation, namely, the relationships contracted by marriage, which are called degrees of affinity, and the relationship contracted by being sponsors at Baptism, which is called spiritual affinity.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What should persons about to marry do, if they suspect they are related to each other?

Answer: Persons about to marry, if they suspect they are related to each other, should make known the facts to the priest, that he may examine the degree of relationship and procure a dispensation if necessary.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {404} What is the meaning of the command not to marry privately?

Answer: The command not to marry privately means that none should marry without the blessing of God's priests or without witnesses.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What sin is it for Catholics to be married before the minister of another religion?

Answer: It is a mortal sin for Catholics to be married before the minister of another religion, and they who attempt to do so incur excommunication, and absolution from their sin is reserved to the bishop.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {405} What is the meaning of the precept not to solemnize marriage at forbidden times?

Answer: The meaning of the precept not to solemnize marriage at forbidden times is that during Lent and Advent the marriage ceremony should not be performed with pomp or a nuptial Mass.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {406} What is the nuptial Mass?

Answer: The nuptial Mass is a Mass appointed by the Church to invoke a special blessing upon the married couple.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {407} Should Catholics be married at a nuptial Mass?

Answer: Catholics should be married at a nuptial Mass, because they thereby show greater reverence for the holy Sacrament and bring richer blessings upon their wedded life.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What restrictions does the Church place on the ceremonies of marriage when one of the persons is not a Catholic?

Answer: The Church places several restrictions on the ceremonies of marriage when one of the persons is not a Catholic. The marriage cannot take place in the church; the priest cannot wear his sacred vestments nor use holy water nor bless the ring nor the marriage itself. The Church places these restrictions to show her dislike for such marriages, commonly called mixed marriages.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Why does the Church dislike mixed marriages?

Answer: The Church dislikes mixed marriages because such marriages are frequently unhappy, give rise to many disputes, endanger the faith of the Catholic member of the family, and prevent the religious education of the children.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {408} When will Christ judge us?

Answer: Christ will judge us immediately after our death, and on the last day.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {409} What is the judgment called which we have to undergo immediately after death?

Answer: The judgment we have to undergo immediately after death is called the Particular Judgment.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Where will the particular judgment be held?

Answer: The particular judgment will be held in the place where each person dies, and the soul will go immediately to its reward or punishment.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {410} What is the judgment called which all men have to undergo on the last day?

Answer: The judgment which all men have to undergo on the last day is called the General Judgment.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Will the sentence given at the particular judgment be changed at the general judgment?

Answer: The sentence given at the particular judgment will not be changed at the general judgment, but it will be repeated and made public to all.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {411} Why does Christ judge men immediately after death?

Answer: Christ judges men immediately after death to reward or punish them according to their deeds.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: How may we daily prepare for our judgment?

Answer: We may daily prepare for our judgment by a good examination of conscience, in which we will discover our sins and learn to fear the punishment they deserve.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {412} What are the rewards or punishments appointed for men's souls after the Particular Judgment?

Answer: The rewards or punishments appointed for men's souls after the Particular Judgment are Heaven, Purgatory, and Hell.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {413} What is Hell?

Answer: Hell is a state to which the wicked are condemned, and in which they are deprived of the sight of God for all eternity, and are in dreadful torments.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Will the damned suffer in both mind and body?

Answer: The damned will suffer in both mind and body, because both mind and body had a share in their sins. The mind suffers the "pain of loss" in which it is tortured by the thought of having lost God forever, and the body suffers the "pain of sense" by which it is tortured in all its members and senses.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {414} What is Purgatory?

Answer: Purgatory is the state in which those suffer for a time who die guilty of venial sins, or without having satisfied for the punishment due to their sins.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Why is this state called Purgatory?

Answer: This state is called Purgatory because in it the souls are purged or purified from all their stains; and it is not, therefore, a permanent or lasting state for the soul.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Are the souls in Purgatory sure of their salvation?

Answer: The souls in Purgatory are sure of their salvation, and they will enter heaven as soon as they are completely purified and made worthy to enjoy that presence of God which is called the Beatific Vision.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Do we know what souls are in Purgatory, and how long they have to remain there?

Answer: We do not know what souls are in Purgatory nor how long they have to remain there; hence we continue to pray for all persons who have died apparently in the true faith and free from mortal sin. They are called the faithful departed.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {415} Can the faithful on earth help the souls in Purgatory?

Answer: The faithful on earth can help the souls in Purgatory by their prayers, fasts, alms, deeds; by indulgences, and by having Masses said for them.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Since God loves the souls in Purgatory, why does He punish them?

Answer: Though God loves the souls in Purgatory, He punishes them because His holiness requires that nothing defiled may enter heaven and His justice requires that everyone be punished or rewarded according to what he deserves.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {416} If every one is judged immediately after death, what need is there of a general judgment?

Answer: There is need of a general judgment, though every one is judged immediately after death, that the providence of God, which, on earth, often permits the good to suffer and the wicked to prosper, may in the end appear just before all men.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: What is meant by "the Providence of God"?

Answer: By "the Providence of God" is meant the manner in which He preserves, provides for, rules and governs the world and directs all things by His infinite Will.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Are there other reasons for the general judgment?

Answer: There are other reasons for the general judgment, and especially that Christ Our Lord may receive from the whole world the honor denied Him at His first coming, and that all may be forced to acknowledge Him their God and Redeemer.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {417} Will our bodies share in the reward or punishment of our souls?

Answer: Our bodies will share in the reward or punishment of our souls, because through the resurrection they will again be united to them.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: When will the general resurrection or rising of all the dead take place?

Answer: The general resurrection or rising of all the dead will take place at the general judgment, when the same bodies in which we lived on earth will come forth from the grave and be united to our souls and remain united with them forever either in heaven or in hell.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {418} In what state will the bodies of the just rise?

Answer: The bodies of the just will rise glorious and immortal.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: {419} Will the bodies of the damned also rise?

Answer: The bodies of the damned will also rise, but they will be condemned to eternal punishment.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.


Question: Why do we show respect for the bodies of the dead?

Answer: We show respect for the bodies of the dead because they were the dwelling-place of the soul, the medium through which it received the Sacraments, and because they were created to occupy a place in heaven.

LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.