{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "1", "sort_key": 1, "question": "Who is the First and Chiefest Being?", "answer": "God is the First and Chiefest Being", "answer_with_proofs": "God is the First and Chiefest Being.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.44.6", "osis": ["Isa.44.6"]}, {"raw": "Isa.48.12", "osis": ["Isa.48.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "2", "sort_key": 2, "question": "Ought every One to believe there is a God?", "answer": "Every One ought to believe there is a God; and it is their great Sin and Folly who do not.", "answer_with_proofs": "Every One ought to believe there is a God;[1] and it is their great Sin and Folly who do not.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.11.6", "osis": ["Heb.11.6"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.14.1", "osis": ["Ps.14.1"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "3", "sort_key": 3, "question": "How may we know there is a God?", "answer": "The Light of Nature in Man, and the Works of God plainly declare there is a God; but his Word and Spirit only, do it fully and effectually, for the Salvation of Sinners.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Light of Nature in Man, and the Works of God plainly declare there is a God;[1] but his Word and Spirit only, do it fully and effectually, for the Salvation of Sinners.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.19-Rom.1.20", "osis": ["Rom.1.19-Rom.1.20"]}, {"raw": "Ps.19.1-Ps.19.3", "osis": ["Ps.19.1-Ps.19.3"]}, {"raw": "Acts.17.24", "osis": ["Acts.17.24"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.2.10", "osis": ["1Cor.2.10"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.3.15-2Tim.3.16", "osis": ["2Tim.3.15-2Tim.3.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "4", "sort_key": 4, "question": "What is the Word of God?", "answer": "The Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are the Word of God, and the only certain Rule of Faith and Obedience.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are the Word of God, and the only certain Rule of Faith and Obedience.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.3.16", "osis": ["2Tim.3.16"]}, {"raw": "Eph.2.20", "osis": ["Eph.2.20"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "5", "sort_key": 5, "question": "May all Men make use of the Holy Scriptures?", "answer": "All Men are not only permitted, but commanded and exhorted, to read, hear, and understand the Holy Scriptures.", "answer_with_proofs": "All Men are not only permitted, but commanded and exhorted, to read, hear, and understand the Holy Scriptures.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.5.39", "osis": ["John.5.39"]}, {"raw": "Deut.17.18-Deut.17.19", "osis": ["Deut.17.18-Deut.17.19"]}, {"raw": "Rev.1.3", "osis": ["Rev.1.3"]}, {"raw": "Acts.8.30", "osis": ["Acts.8.30"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "6", "sort_key": 6, "question": "What things are chiefly contained in the Holy Scriptures?", "answer": "The Holy Scriptures chiefly contain, what Man ought to believe concerning God, and what Duty God requireth of Man.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Holy Scriptures chiefly contain, what Man ought to believe concerning God, and what Duty God requireth of Man.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.1.13", "osis": ["2Tim.1.13"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.3.15-2Tim.3.16", "osis": ["2Tim.3.15-2Tim.3.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "7", "sort_key": 7, "question": "What is God?", "answer": "God is a Spirit, Infinite, Eternal, and Unchangeable, in his Being, Wisdom, Power, Holiness, Justice, Goodness and Truth.", "answer_with_proofs": "God is a Spirit[1], Infinite[2], Eternal[3], and Unchangeable[4], in his Being[5], Wisdom[6], Power[7], Holiness[8], Justice, Goodness and Truth[9].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.4.24", "osis": ["John.4.24"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Job.11.7-Job.11.9", "osis": ["Job.11.7-Job.11.9"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.90.2", "osis": ["Ps.90.2"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Jas.1.17", "osis": ["Jas.1.17"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.3.14", "osis": ["Exod.3.14"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.147.5", "osis": ["Ps.147.5"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Rev.4.8", "osis": ["Rev.4.8"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Rev.15.4", "osis": ["Rev.15.4"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.34.6-Exod.34.7", "osis": ["Exod.34.6-Exod.34.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "8", "sort_key": 8, "question": "Are there more Gods than One?", "answer": "There is but One only, the Living and True God.", "answer_with_proofs": "There is but One only, the Living and True God[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.6.4", "osis": ["Deut.6.4"]}, {"raw": "Jer.10.10", "osis": ["Jer.10.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "9", "sort_key": 9, "question": "How many Persons are there in the Godhead?", "answer": "There are Three Persons in the Godhead, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit; and these Three are One God, the same in Essence, equal in Power and Glory.", "answer_with_proofs": "There are Three Persons in the Godhead, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit; and these Three are One God, the same in Essence, equal in Power and Glory[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1John.5.7", "osis": ["1John.5.7"]}, {"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "10", "sort_key": 10, "question": "What are the Decrees of God?", "answer": "The Decrees of God are, his Eternal Purpose according to the Counsel of his Will, whereby, for his own Glory, he hath foreordained whatsoever comes to pass.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Decrees of God are, his Eternal Purpose according to the Counsel of his Will, whereby, for his own Glory, he hath foreordained whatsoever comes to pass[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.4,Eph.1.11", "osis": ["Eph.1.4", "Eph.1.11"]}, {"raw": "Rom.9.22-Rom.9.23", "osis": ["Rom.9.22-Rom.9.23"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "11", "sort_key": 11, "question": "How doth God execute his Decrees?", "answer": "God executeth his Decrees in the Works of Creation and Providence", "answer_with_proofs": "God executeth his Decrees in the Works of Creation and Providence", "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "12", "sort_key": 12, "question": "What is the Work of Creation?", "answer": "The Work of Creation , is God's making all Things of Nothing, by the Word of his Power, in the space of six Days, and all very Good.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Work of Creation , is God's making all Things of Nothing, by the Word of his Power, in the space of six Days, and all very Good[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1", "osis": ["Gen.1"]}, {"raw": "Heb.11.3", "osis": ["Heb.11.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "13", "sort_key": 13, "question": "How did God create Man?", "answer": "God created Man, Male and Female, after his own Image, in Knowledge, Righteousness and Holiness, with Dominion over the Creatures.", "answer_with_proofs": "God created Man, Male and Female, after his own Image, in Knowledge, Righteousness and Holiness, with Dominion over the Creatures[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1.26-Gen.1.28", "osis": ["Gen.1.26-Gen.1.28"]}, {"raw": "Col.3.10", "osis": ["Col.3.10"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.24", "osis": ["Eph.4.24"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "14", "sort_key": 14, "question": "What are God's Works of Providence?", "answer": "God's Works of Providence, are his most Holy, Wise, and Powerful preserving, and governing all his Creatures, and all their Actions.", "answer_with_proofs": "God's Works of Providence, are his most Holy[1], Wise[2], and Powerful preserving[3], and governing all his Creatures, and all their Actions[4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.145.17", "osis": ["Ps.145.17"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.104.24", "osis": ["Ps.104.24"]}, {"raw": "Isa.28.29", "osis": ["Isa.28.29"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.1.3", "osis": ["Heb.1.3"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.103.19", "osis": ["Ps.103.19"]}, {"raw": "Matt.10.29-Matt.10.31", "osis": ["Matt.10.29-Matt.10.31"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "15", "sort_key": 15, "question": "What special Act of Providence did God exercise towards Man in the Estate wherein he was created?", "answer": "When God had created Man, he entered into a Covenant of Life with him, upon Condition of perfect Obedience: forbidding him to eat of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil, upon pain of Death.", "answer_with_proofs": "When God had created Man, he entered into a Covenant of Life with him, upon Condition of perfect Obedience: forbidding him to eat of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil, upon pain of Death[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.3.12", "osis": ["Gal.3.12"]}, {"raw": "Gen.2.17", "osis": ["Gen.2.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "16", "sort_key": 16, "question": "Did our first Parents continue in the Estate wherein they were created?", "answer": "Our first Parents being left to the freedom of their own Will, fell from the Estate wherein they were created, by sinning against God.", "answer_with_proofs": "Our first Parents being left to the freedom of their own Will, fell from the Estate wherein they were created, by sinning against God[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.3.6-Gen.3.8,Gen.3.13", "osis": ["Gen.3.6-Gen.3.8", "Gen.3.13"]}, {"raw": "Eccl.7.29", "osis": ["Eccl.7.29"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "17", "sort_key": 17, "question": "What is Sin?", "answer": "Sin is any want of Conformity unto, or Transgression of the Law of God.", "answer_with_proofs": "Sin is any want of Conformity unto, or Transgression of the Law of God[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1John.3.4", "osis": ["1John.3.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "18", "sort_key": 18, "question": "What was the Sin whereby our first Parents fell from the Estate wherein they were created?", "answer": "The Sin whereby our first Parents fell from the Estate wherein they were created, was their eating the forbidden Fruit.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Sin whereby our first Parents fell from the Estate wherein they were created, was their eating the forbidden Fruit[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.3.6,Gen.3.12", "osis": ["Gen.3.6", "Gen.3.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "19", "sort_key": 19, "question": "Did all Mankind fall in Adam's first Transgression?", "answer": "The Covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself, but for his Posterity, all Mankind descending from him by ordinary Generation, sinned in him, and fell with him in his first Transgression.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself, but for his Posterity, all Mankind descending from him by ordinary Generation, sinned in him, and fell with him in his first Transgression[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.2.16-Gen.2.17", "osis": ["Gen.2.16-Gen.2.17"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.12", "osis": ["Rom.5.12"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.15.21-1Cor.15.22", "osis": ["1Cor.15.21-1Cor.15.22"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "20", "sort_key": 20, "question": "Into what Estate did the Fall bring Mankind?", "answer": "The Fall brought Mankind into an Estate of Sin and Misery.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Fall brought Mankind into an Estate of Sin and Misery[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.12", "osis": ["Rom.5.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "21", "sort_key": 21, "question": "Wherein consists the sinfulness of that Estate whereinto Man fell?", "answer": "The sinfulness of that Estate whereinto Man fell, consists in the Guilt of Adam's first Sin, the want of Original Righteousness, and the Corruption of his whole Nature, which is commonly called Original Sin; together with all actual Transgressions which proceed from it.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sinfulness of that Estate whereinto Man fell, consists in the Guilt of Adam's first Sin, the want of Original Righteousness, and the Corruption of his whole Nature, which is commonly called Original Sin; together with all actual Transgressions which proceed from it[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.12-Rom.5.21", "osis": ["Rom.5.12-Rom.5.21"]}, {"raw": "Eph.2.1-Eph.2.3", "osis": ["Eph.2.1-Eph.2.3"]}, {"raw": "Jas.1.14-Jas.1.15", "osis": ["Jas.1.14-Jas.1.15"]}, {"raw": "Matt.15.19", "osis": ["Matt.15.19"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "22", "sort_key": 22, "question": "What is the Misery of that Estate whereinto Man fell?", "answer": "All Mankind by their Fall lost Communion with God, are under his Wrath and Curse; and so make liable to all Miseries in this Life, to Death it self, and to the Pains of Hell for ever.", "answer_with_proofs": "All Mankind by their Fall lost Communion with God[1], are under his Wrath and Curse[2]; and so make liable to all Miseries in this Life, to Death it self, and to the Pains of Hell for ever[3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.3.8,Gen.3.10,Gen.3.24", "osis": ["Gen.3.8", "Gen.3.10", "Gen.3.24"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.2.2-Eph.2.3", "osis": ["Eph.2.2-Eph.2.3"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.10", "osis": ["Gal.3.10"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Lam.3.39", "osis": ["Lam.3.39"]}, {"raw": "Rom.6.23", "osis": ["Rom.6.23"]}, {"raw": "Matt.25.41-Matt.25.46", "osis": ["Matt.25.41-Matt.25.46"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "23", "sort_key": 23, "question": "Did God leave all Mankind to perish in the Estate of Sin and Misery?", "answer": "God, having out of his meer good pleasure, from all Eternity, elected some to Everlasting Life, did enter into a Covenant of Grace, to deliver them out of the Estate of Sin and Misery, and to bring them into an Estate of Salvation by a Redeemer.", "answer_with_proofs": "God, having out of his meer good pleasure, from all Eternity, elected some to Everlasting Life[1], did enter into a Covenant of Grace, to deliver them out of the Estate of Sin and Misery, and to bring them into an Estate of Salvation by a Redeemer[2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.4-Eph.1.5", "osis": ["Eph.1.4-Eph.1.5"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.20-Rom.3.22", "osis": ["Rom.3.20-Rom.3.22"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.21-Gal.3.22", "osis": ["Gal.3.21-Gal.3.22"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "24", "sort_key": 24, "question": "Who is the Redeemer of God's Elect?", "answer": "The only Redeemer of God's Elect, is the Lord Jesus Christ; who being the Eternal Son of God, became Man, and so was; and continueth to be God and Man, in two distinct Natures, and one Person for ever.", "answer_with_proofs": "The only Redeemer of God's Elect, is the Lord Jesus Christ[1]; who being the Eternal Son of God, became Man[2], and so was; and continueth to be God and Man, in two distinct Natures, and one Person for ever[3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.2.5-1Tim.2.6", "osis": ["1Tim.2.5-1Tim.2.6"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.14", "osis": ["John.1.14"]}, {"raw": "Gal.4.4", "osis": ["Gal.4.4"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.9.5,Luke.1.23", "osis": ["Rom.9.5", "Luke.1.23"]}, {"raw": "Col.2.9", "osis": ["Col.2.9"]}, {"raw": "Heb.7.24-Heb.7.25", "osis": ["Heb.7.24-Heb.7.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "25", "sort_key": 25, "question": "How did Christ, being the Son of God, become Man?", "answer": "Christ the Son of God became Man, by taking to himself a true Body, and a reasonable Soul; being conceived by the Power of the Holy Spirit in the Womb of the Virgin Mary, and born of her, yet without Sin.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ the Son of God became Man, by taking to himself a true Body[1], and a reasonable Soul[2]; being conceived by the Power of the Holy Spirit in the Womb of the Virgin Mary, and born of her[3], yet without Sin[4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.2.14,Heb.2.16,Heb.10.5", "osis": ["Heb.2.14", "Heb.2.16", "Heb.10.5"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.26.38", "osis": ["Matt.26.38"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.1.27,Luke.1.31,Luke.1.34-Luke.1.35,Luke.1.42", "osis": ["Luke.1.27", "Luke.1.31", "Luke.1.34-Luke.1.35", "Luke.1.42"]}, {"raw": "Gal.4.4", "osis": ["Gal.4.4"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.4.15,Heb.7.26", "osis": ["Heb.4.15", "Heb.7.26"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "26", "sort_key": 26, "question": "What Offices doth Christ execute as our Redeemer?", "answer": "Christ as our Redeemer executeth the Offices of a Prophet, of a Priest, and of a King, both in his Estate of Humiliation and Exaltation.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ as our Redeemer executeth the Offices of a Prophet, of a Priest, and of a King, both in his Estate of Humiliation and Exaltation[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.3.22", "osis": ["Acts.3.22"]}, {"raw": "Heb.12.25,2Cor.13.3", "osis": ["Heb.12.25", "2Cor.13.3"]}, {"raw": "Heb.5.5-Heb.5.7,Heb.7.25", "osis": ["Heb.5.5-Heb.5.7", "Heb.7.25"]}, {"raw": "Ps.2.6", "osis": ["Ps.2.6"]}, {"raw": "Isa.9.6-Isa.9.7", "osis": ["Isa.9.6-Isa.9.7"]}, {"raw": "Matt.21.5", "osis": ["Matt.21.5"]}, {"raw": "Ps.2.8-Ps.2.11", "osis": ["Ps.2.8-Ps.2.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "27", "sort_key": 27, "question": "How doth Christ execute the Office of a Prophet?", "answer": "Christ executeth the Office of a Prophet, in revealing to us, by his Word and Spirit, the Will of God for our Salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ executeth the Office of a Prophet, in revealing to us, by his Word and Spirit, the Will of God for our Salvation[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.18", "osis": ["John.1.18"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.1.10-1Pet.1.12", "osis": ["1Pet.1.10-1Pet.1.12"]}, {"raw": "John.15.15,John.20.31", "osis": ["John.15.15", "John.20.31"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "28", "sort_key": 28, "question": "How doth Christ execute the Office of a Priest?", "answer": "Christ executeth the Office of a Priest, in his once offering up of himself a Sacrifice to satisfy Divine Justice, and reconcile us to God, and in making continual Intercession for us.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ executeth the Office of a Priest, in his once offering up of himself a Sacrifice to satisfy Divine Justice[1], and reconcile us to God[2], and in making continual Intercession for us[3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.9.14,Heb.9.28", "osis": ["Heb.9.14", "Heb.9.28"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.2.17", "osis": ["Heb.2.17"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.7.24-Heb.7.25", "osis": ["Heb.7.24-Heb.7.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "29", "sort_key": 29, "question": "How doth Christ execute the Office of a King?", "answer": "Christ executeth the Office of a King, in subduing us to himself, in ruling, and defending us, and in restraining and conquering all his and our Enemies.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ executeth the Office of a King, in subduing us to himself[1], in ruling[2], and defending us[3], and in restraining and conquering all his and our Enemies[4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.15.14-Acts.15.16", "osis": ["Acts.15.14-Acts.15.16"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.33.22", "osis": ["Isa.33.22"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.32.1-Isa.32.2", "osis": ["Isa.32.1-Isa.32.2"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.25", "osis": ["1Cor.15.25"]}, {"raw": "Ps.110", "osis": ["Ps.110"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "30", "sort_key": 30, "question": "Wherein did Christ's Humiliation consist?", "answer": "Christ's Humiliation consisted in his being born, and that in a low Condition; made under the Law, undergoing the Miseries of this Life, the Wrath of God, and the cursed Death of the Cross; in being buried, and continuing under the Power of Death for a time. Mat. 12:40.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ's Humiliation consisted in his being born, and that in a low Condition[1]; made under the Law[2], undergoing the Miseries of this Life[3], the Wrath of God[4], and the cursed Death of the Cross[5]; in being buried[6], and continuing under the Power of Death for a time[7]. Mat. 12:40.", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.2.7", "osis": ["Luke.2.7"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.4.4", "osis": ["Gal.4.4"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.12.2-Heb.12.3", "osis": ["Heb.12.2-Heb.12.3"]}, {"raw": "Isa.53.2-Isa.53.3", "osis": ["Isa.53.2-Isa.53.3"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.22.44", "osis": ["Luke.22.44"]}, {"raw": "Matt.27.46", "osis": ["Matt.27.46"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.2.8", "osis": ["Phil.2.8"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.4", "osis": ["1Cor.15.4"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.24-Acts.2.27,Acts.2.31", "osis": ["Acts.2.24-Acts.2.27", "Acts.2.31"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "31", "sort_key": 31, "question": "Wherein consisteth Christ's Exaltation?", "answer": "Christ's Exaltation consisteth in his rising again from the Dead on the third Day, in ascending up into Heaven, in sitting at the right Hand of God the Father, and in coming to judg the World at the last Day.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ's Exaltation consisteth in his rising again from the Dead on the third Day[1], in ascending up into Heaven[2], in sitting at the right Hand of God the Father[3], and in coming to judg the World at the last Day[4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.4", "osis": ["1Cor.15.4"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Mark.16.19", "osis": ["Mark.16.19"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.20", "osis": ["Eph.1.20"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.1.11,Acts.17.31", "osis": ["Acts.1.11", "Acts.17.31"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "32", "sort_key": 32, "question": "How are we made Partakers of the Redemption purchased by Christ?", "answer": "We are made Partakers of the Redemption purchased by Christ, by the effectual Application of it to us by his Holy Spirit.", "answer_with_proofs": "We are made Partakers of the Redemption purchased by Christ, by the effectual Application of it to us[1] by his Holy Spirit[2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.11-John.1.12", "osis": ["John.1.11-John.1.12"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Titus.3.5-Titus.3.6", "osis": ["Titus.3.5-Titus.3.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "33", "sort_key": 33, "question": "How doth the Spirit apply to us the Redemption purchased by Christ?", "answer": "The Spirit applieth to us the Redemption purchased by Chrift, by working Faith in us, and thereby uniting us to Christ, in our effectual Calling.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Spirit applieth to us the Redemption purchased by Chrift, by working Faith in us[1], and thereby uniting us to Christ, in our effectual Calling[2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.13-Eph.1.14", "osis": ["Eph.1.13-Eph.1.14"]}, {"raw": "John.6.37,John.6.39", "osis": ["John.6.37", "John.6.39"]}, {"raw": "Eph.2.8", "osis": ["Eph.2.8"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.3.17", "osis": ["Eph.3.17"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.1.9", "osis": ["1Cor.1.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "34", "sort_key": 34, "question": "What is effectual Calling?", "answer": "Effectual Calling, is the Work of God's Spirit, whereby, convincing us of our Sin and Misery, enlightening our Minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our Wills, he doth persuade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ freely offered to us in the Gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": "Effectual Calling, is the Work of God's Spirit[1], whereby, convincing us of our Sin and Misery[2], enlightening our Minds in the knowledge of Christ[3], and renewing our Wills[4], he doth persuade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ freely offered to us in the Gospel[5].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.1.9", "osis": ["2Tim.1.9"]}, {"raw": "2Thess.2.13-2Thess.2.14", "osis": ["2Thess.2.13-2Thess.2.14"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.37", "osis": ["Acts.2.37"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.26.18", "osis": ["Acts.26.18"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.36.26-Ezek.36.27", "osis": ["Ezek.36.26-Ezek.36.27"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "John.6.44-John.6.45", "osis": ["John.6.44-John.6.45"]}, {"raw": "Phil.2.13", "osis": ["Phil.2.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "35", "sort_key": 35, "question": "What Benefits do they that are effectually called, partake of in this Life?", "answer": "They that are effectually called, do in this Life partake of Justification, Adoption, Sanctification, and the several Benefits which in this Life do either accompany or flow from them.", "answer_with_proofs": "They that are effectually called, do in this Life partake of Justification[1], Adoption[2], Sanctification, and the several Benefits which in this Life do either accompany or flow from them[3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.30", "osis": ["Rom.8.30"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.5", "osis": ["Eph.1.5"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.1.30", "osis": ["1Cor.1.30"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "36", "sort_key": 36, "question": "What is Justification?", "answer": "Justification is an Act of God's free Grace, wherein he pardoneth all our Sins, and accepteth us as Righteous in his sight, only for the Righteousness of Christ imputed us, and received by Faith alone.", "answer_with_proofs": "Justification is an Act of God's free Grace, wherein he pardoneth all our Sins[1], and accepteth us as Righteous in his sight[2], only for the Righteousness of Christ imputed us[3], and received by Faith alone[4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.24-Rom.3.25", "osis": ["Rom.3.24-Rom.3.25"]}, {"raw": "Rom.4.6-Rom.4.8", "osis": ["Rom.4.6-Rom.4.8"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.5.19,2Cor.5.21", "osis": ["2Cor.5.19", "2Cor.5.21"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.17-Rom.5.19", "osis": ["Rom.5.17-Rom.5.19"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.2.16", "osis": ["Gal.2.16"]}, {"raw": "Phil.3.9", "osis": ["Phil.3.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "37", "sort_key": 37, "question": "What is Adoption?", "answer": "Adoption is an Act of God's free Grace, whereby we are received into the Number, and have a Right to all the Privileges of the Sons of God.", "answer_with_proofs": "Adoption is an Act of God's free Grace[1], whereby we are received into the Number, and have a Right to all the Privileges of the Sons of God[2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1John.3.1", "osis": ["1John.3.1"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.14", "osis": ["Rom.8.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "38", "sort_key": 38, "question": "What is Sanctification?", "answer": "Sanctification is the Work of God's free Grace, whereby we are renewed in the whole Man after the Image of God, and are enabled more and more to die unto Sin, and live unto Righteousness.", "answer_with_proofs": "Sanctification is the Work of God's free Grace[1], whereby we are renewed in the whole Man after the Image of God[2], and are enabled more and more to die unto Sin, and live unto Righteousness[3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2Thess.2.13", "osis": ["2Thess.2.13"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.4.23-Eph.4.24", "osis": ["Eph.4.23-Eph.4.24"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.4,Rom.6.6", "osis": ["Rom.6.4", "Rom.6.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "39", "sort_key": 39, "question": "What are the Benefits which in this Life do accompany or flow from Justification, Adoption, and Sanctification?", "answer": "The Benefits which in this Life do accompany or flow from Justification, Adoption, and Sanctification, are Assurance of God's Love, Peace of Conscience, Joy in the Holy Spirit, Increase of Grace, and Perseverance therein to the End.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Benefits which in this Life do accompany or flow from Justification, Adoption, and Sanctification, are Assurance of God's Love, Peace of Conscience[1], Joy in the Holy Spirit[2], Increase of Grace[3], and Perseverance therein to the End[4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.1-Rom.5.2,Rom.5.5", "osis": ["Rom.5.1-Rom.5.2", "Rom.5.5"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.14.17", "osis": ["Rom.14.17"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.4.18", "osis": ["Prov.4.18"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1John.5.13", "osis": ["1John.5.13"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.1.5", "osis": ["1Pet.1.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "40", "sort_key": 40, "question": "What Benefits do Believers receive from Christ at their Death?", "answer": "The Souls of Believers are at their Death made, perfect in Holiness, and do immediately pass into Glory: And their Bodies being still united to Christ, do rest in their Graves till the Refurrection.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Souls of Believers are at their Death made, perfect in Holiness[1], and do immediately pass into Glory[2]: And their Bodies being still united to Christ[3], do rest in their Graves[4] till the Resurrection[5].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.12.23", "osis": ["Heb.12.23"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.5.1,2Cor.5.6,2Cor.5.8", "osis": ["2Cor.5.1", "2Cor.5.6", "2Cor.5.8"]}, {"raw": "Phil.1.23", "osis": ["Phil.1.23"]}, {"raw": "Luke.23.43", "osis": ["Luke.23.43"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Thess.4.14", "osis": ["1Thess.4.14"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.57.2", "osis": ["Isa.57.2"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Job.19.26-Job.19.27", "osis": ["Job.19.26-Job.19.27"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "41", "sort_key": 41, "question": "What Benefits do Believers receive from Christ at the Resurrection?", "answer": "At the Resurrection Believers being raised up in Glory, shall be openly acknowledged, and acquitted in the Day of Judgement, and made perfectly blessed, both in Soul and Body, in the full enjoyment of God, to all Eternity.", "answer_with_proofs": "At the Resurrection Believers being raised up in Glory[1], shall be openly acknowledged, and acquitted in the Day of Judgement[2], and made perfectly blessed, both in Soul and Body, in the full enjoyment of God[3], to all Eternity[4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.43", "osis": ["1Cor.15.43"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.25.23", "osis": ["Matt.25.23"]}, {"raw": "Matt.10.32", "osis": ["Matt.10.32"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1John.3.2", "osis": ["1John.3.2"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.13.12", "osis": ["1Cor.13.12"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Thess.4.17-1Thess.4.18", "osis": ["1Thess.4.17-1Thess.4.18"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "42", "sort_key": 42, "question": "But what shall be done to the Wicked at their Death?", "answer": "The Souls of the Wicked shall at their death be cast into the Torments of Hell, and their Bodies lie in their Graves, till the Refurrection and Judgment of the Great Day.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Souls of the Wicked shall at their death be cast into the Torments of Hell, and their Bodies lie in their Graves, till the Refurrection and Judgment of the Great Day[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.16.23-Luke.16.24", "osis": ["Luke.16.23-Luke.16.24"]}, {"raw": "Acts.1.25", "osis": ["Acts.1.25"]}, {"raw": "Jude.1.7", "osis": ["Jude.1.7"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.3.19", "osis": ["1Pet.3.19"]}, {"raw": "Ps.49.14", "osis": ["Ps.49.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "43", "sort_key": 43, "question": "What shall be done to the Wicked at the Day of Judgment?", "answer": null, "answer_with_proofs": "At the Day of Judgment the Bodies of the Wicked being raised out of their Graves, shall be sentenced together with their Souls, to unspeakable Torments, with the Devil and his Angels for ever[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.5.28-John.5.29", "osis": ["John.5.28-John.5.29"]}, {"raw": "Matt.25.41,Matt.25.46", "osis": ["Matt.25.41", "Matt.25.46"]}, {"raw": "2Thess.1.8-2Thess.1.9", "osis": ["2Thess.1.8-2Thess.1.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "44", "sort_key": 44, "question": "What is the Duty which God requireth of Man?", "answer": "The Duty which God requireth of Man, is Obedience to his Revealed Will.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Duty which God requireth of Man, is Obedience to his Revealed Will[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Mic.6.8", "osis": ["Mic.6.8"]}, {"raw": "1Sam.15.22", "osis": ["1Sam.15.22"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "45", "sort_key": 45, "question": "What did God at first reveal to Man for the Rule of his Obedience?", "answer": "The Rule which God at first revealed to Man for his Obedience, was the Moral Law.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Rule which God at first revealed to Man for his Obedience, was the Moral Law[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.2.14-Rom.2.15", "osis": ["Rom.2.14-Rom.2.15"]}, {"raw": "Rom.10.5", "osis": ["Rom.10.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "46", "sort_key": 46, "question": "Where is the Moral Law summarily comprehended?", "answer": "The Moral Law is summarily comprehended in the Ten Commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Moral Law is summarily comprehended in the Ten Commandments[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.10.4", "osis": ["Deut.10.4"]}, {"raw": "Matt.19.17", "osis": ["Matt.19.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "47", "sort_key": 47, "question": "What is the Sum of the Ten Commandments?", "answer": "The Sum of the Ten Commandments is, to love the Lord our God, with all our Heart, with all our Soul, with all our Strength, and with all our Mind; and our Neighbour as our Selves.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Sum of the Ten Commandments is, to love the Lord our God, with all our Heart, with all our Soul, with all our Strength, and with all our Mind; and our Neighbour as our Selves[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.22.37-Matt.22.40", "osis": ["Matt.22.37-Matt.22.40"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "48", "sort_key": 48, "question": "What is the Preface to the Ten Commandments?", "answer": "The Preface to the Ten Commandments, is in these words, \"I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the Land of Egypt, out of the House of Bondage\".", "answer_with_proofs": "The Preface to the Ten Commandments, is in these words, \"I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the Land of Egypt, out of the House of Bondage\"[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.2", "osis": ["Exod.20.2"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "49", "sort_key": 49, "question": "What doth the Preface to the Ten Commandments teach us?", "answer": "The Preface to the Ten Commandments teacheth us, that because God is the LORD, and our God, and Redeemer, therefore we are bound to keep all his Commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Preface to the Ten Commandments teacheth us, that because God is the LORD, and our God, and Redeemer, therefore we are bound to keep all his Commandments[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.1.74-Luke.1.75", "osis": ["Luke.1.74-Luke.1.75"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.1.15-1Pet.1.19", "osis": ["1Pet.1.15-1Pet.1.19"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "50", "sort_key": 50, "question": "Which is the first Commandment?", "answer": "The first Commandment is, \"Thou shalt have no other Gods before me\".", "answer_with_proofs": "The first Commandment is, \"Thou shalt have no other Gods before me\"[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.3", "osis": ["Exod.20.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "51", "sort_key": 51, "question": "What is required in the first Commandment?", "answer": "The first Commandment requireth us, to know and acknowledge God to be the only true God, and our God; and to worship and glorify him accordingly.", "answer_with_proofs": "The first Commandment requireth us, to know and acknowledge God to be the only true God, and our God[1]; and to worship and glorify him accordingly[2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Chr.28.9", "osis": ["1Chr.28.9"]}, {"raw": "Deut.26.17", "osis": ["Deut.26.17"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.4.10", "osis": ["Matt.4.10"]}, {"raw": "Ps.29.2", "osis": ["Ps.29.2"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "52", "sort_key": 52, "question": "What is forbidden in the first Commandment?", "answer": "The first Commandment forbiddeth the denying, or not worshipping and glorifying the true God, as God, and our God; and the giving that Worship and Glory to any other, which is due unto him a alone.", "answer_with_proofs": "The first Commandment forbiddeth the denying[1], or not worshipping and glorifying the true God, as God[2], and our God[3]; and the giving that Worship and Glory to any other, which is due unto him alone[4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.14.1", "osis": ["Ps.14.1"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.21", "osis": ["Rom.1.21"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.81.10-Ps.81.11", "osis": ["Ps.81.10-Ps.81.11"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.25-Rom.1.26", "osis": ["Rom.1.25-Rom.1.26"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "53", "sort_key": 53, "question": "What are we specially taught by these words \"before me\" in the first Commandment?", "answer": "These words \"before me\" in the first Commandment, teach us, that God who seeth all things, taketh notice of, and is much displeased with the Sin of having any other God.", "answer_with_proofs": "These words \"before me\" in the first Commandment, teach us, that God who seeth all things, taketh notice of, and is much displeased with the Sin of having any other God[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.8.5-Ezek.8.18", "osis": ["Ezek.8.5-Ezek.8.18"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "54", "sort_key": 54, "question": "Which is the second Commandment?", "answer": "The second Commandment is, \"Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven Image, or any Likeness of any thing that is in Heaven above, or that is in the Earth beneath, or that is in the Water under the Earth; thou shalt not bow down thy self to them, nor serve them: For I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the Iniquity of the Fathers upon the Children, unto the Third and Fourth Generation of them that hate me; and shewing Mercy unto Thousands of them that love me and keep my Commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": "The second Commandment is, \"Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven Image, or any Likeness of any thing that is in Heaven above, or that is in the Earth beneath, or that is in the Water under the Earth; thou shalt not bow down thy self to them, nor serve them: For I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the Iniquity of the Fathers upon the Children, unto the Third and Fourth Generation of them that hate me; and shewing Mercy unto Thousands of them that love me and keep my Commandments[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.4-Exod.20.6", "osis": ["Exod.20.4-Exod.20.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "55", "sort_key": 55, "question": "What is required in the second Commandment?", "answer": "The second Commandment requireth, the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire all such religious Worship and Ordinances, as God hath appointed in his Word.", "answer_with_proofs": "The second Commandment requireth, the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire all such religious Worship and Ordinances, as God hath appointed in his Word[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.32.46", "osis": ["Deut.32.46"]}, {"raw": "Matt.28.20", "osis": ["Matt.28.20"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.42", "osis": ["Acts.2.42"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "56", "sort_key": 56, "question": "What is forbidden in the second Commandment?", "answer": "The second Commandment forbiddeth the worshipping of God by Images, or any other Way not appointed in his Word.", "answer_with_proofs": "The second Commandment forbiddeth the worshipping of God by Images[1], or any other Way not appointed in his Word[2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.4.15-Deut.4.19", "osis": ["Deut.4.15-Deut.4.19"]}, {"raw": "Exod.32.5,Exod.32.8", "osis": ["Exod.32.5", "Exod.32.8"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.12.31-Deut.12.32", "osis": ["Deut.12.31-Deut.12.32"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "57", "sort_key": 57, "question": "What are the Reasons annexed to the second Commandment?", "answer": "The Reasons annexed to the second Commandment are, God's Sovereignty over us, his Propriety in us, and the Zeal he hath to his own Worship.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Reasons annexed to the second Commandment are, God's Sovereignty over us[1], his Propriety in us[2], and the Zeal he hath to his own Worship[3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.95.2-Ps.95.3,Ps.95.6", "osis": ["Ps.95.2-Ps.95.3", "Ps.95.6"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.45.11", "osis": ["Ps.45.11"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.34.13-Exod.34.14", "osis": ["Exod.34.13-Exod.34.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "58", "sort_key": 58, "question": "Which is the third Commandment?", "answer": "The third Commandment is, \"Thou shalt not take the Name of the Lord thy God in vain, For the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his Name in vain\".", "answer_with_proofs": "The third Commandment is, \"Thou shalt not take the Name of the Lord thy God in vain, For the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his Name in vain\"[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.7", "osis": ["Exod.20.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "59", "sort_key": 59, "question": "What is required in the third Commandment?", "answer": null, "answer_with_proofs": "The third Commandment requireth, the Holy and Reverent Use of God's Names[1], Titles[2], Attributes[3], Ordinances[4], Word[5], and Works[6].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.9", "osis": ["Matt.6.9"]}, {"raw": "Deut.28.58", "osis": ["Deut.28.58"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.68.4", "osis": ["Ps.68.4"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rev.15.3-Rev.15.4", "osis": ["Rev.15.3-Rev.15.4"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Mal.1.11,Mal.1.14", "osis": ["Mal.1.11", "Mal.1.14"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.138.1-Ps.138.2", "osis": ["Ps.138.1-Ps.138.2"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Job.36.24", "osis": ["Job.36.24"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "60", "sort_key": 60, "question": "What is forbidden in the third Commandment?", "answer": null, "answer_with_proofs": "The third Commandment forbiddeth all profaning and abusing of any thing, whereby God makes himself known[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Mal.1.6-Mal.1.7,Mal.1.12", "osis": ["Mal.1.6-Mal.1.7", "Mal.1.12"]}, {"raw": "Mal.2.2", "osis": ["Mal.2.2"]}, {"raw": "Mal.3.14", "osis": ["Mal.3.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "61", "sort_key": 61, "question": "What is the Reason annexed to the third Commandment?", "answer": "The Reason annexed to the third Commandment, is, that however the breakers of this Commandment may escape Punishment from Men, yet the Lord our God will not suffer them to escape his Righteous Judgment.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Reason annexed to the third Commandment, is, that however the breakers of this Commandment may escape Punishment from Men, yet the Lord our God will not suffer them to escape his Righteous Judgment[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.2.12,1Sam.2.17,1Sam.2.22,1Sam.2.24,1Sam.2.29", "osis": ["1Sam.2.12", "1Sam.2.17", "1Sam.2.22", "1Sam.2.24", "1Sam.2.29"]}, {"raw": "1Sam.3.13", "osis": ["1Sam.3.13"]}, {"raw": "Deut.28.58-Deut.28.59", "osis": ["Deut.28.58-Deut.28.59"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "62", "sort_key": 62, "question": "Which is the fourth Commandment?", "answer": "The fourth Commandment is, \"Remember the Sabbath Day to keep it holy: Six Days shalt thou labour, and do all thy Work; but the Seventh Day is the Sabbath of the LORD thy God, in it thou shalt not do any Work, thou, nor thy Son, nor thy Daughter, thy Man-servant, nov thy Maid-servant, nor thy Cattel, nor the Stranger that is within thy Gates: For in six Days the LORD made Heaven and Earth, the Sea, and all that in them is, and rested the Seventh Day; wherefore the LORD blessed the Sabbath Day, and hallowed it\".", "answer_with_proofs": "The fourth Commandment is, \"Remember the Sabbath Day to keep it holy: Six Days shalt thou labour, and do all thy Work; but the Seventh Day is the Sabbath of the LORD thy God, in it thou shalt not do any Work, thou, nor thy Son, nor thy Daughter, thy Man-servant, nov thy Maid-servant, nor thy Cattel, nor the Stranger that is within thy Gates: For in six Days the LORD made Heaven and Earth, the Sea, and all that in them is, and rested the Seventh Day; wherefore the LORD blessed the Sabbath Day, and hallowed it\"[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.8-Exod.20.11", "osis": ["Exod.20.8-Exod.20.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "63", "sort_key": 63, "question": "What is required in the fourth Commandment?", "answer": "The fourth Commandment requireth, the keeping Holy to God one whole Day in Seven, to be a Sabbath to himself", "answer_with_proofs": "The fourth Commandment requireth, the keeping Holy to God one whole Day in Seven, to be a Sabbath to himself[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.8-Exod.20.11", "osis": ["Exod.20.8-Exod.20.11"]}, {"raw": "Deut.5.12-Deut.5.14", "osis": ["Deut.5.12-Deut.5.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "64", "sort_key": 64, "question": "Which Day of the Seven hath God appointed to be the Weekly Sabbath?", "answer": "Before the Refurrection of Christ, God appointed the Seventh Day of the Week to be the Weekly Sabbath, and the First Day of the Week ever since, to continue to the End of the World, which is the Christian Sabbath.", "answer_with_proofs": "Before the Refurrection of Christ, God appointed the Seventh Day of the Week to be the Weekly Sabbath[1], and the First Day of the Week ever since, to continue to the End of the World, which is the Christian Sabbath[2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.8-Exod.20.11", "osis": ["Exod.20.8-Exod.20.11"]}, {"raw": "Deut.5.12-Deut.5.14", "osis": ["Deut.5.12-Deut.5.14"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.118.24", "osis": ["Ps.118.24"]}, {"raw": "Matt.28.1", "osis": ["Matt.28.1"]}, {"raw": "Mark.2.27-Mark.2.28", "osis": ["Mark.2.27-Mark.2.28"]}, {"raw": "Mark.16.2", "osis": ["Mark.16.2"]}, {"raw": "Luke.24.1,Luke.24.30-Luke.24.36", "osis": ["Luke.24.1", "Luke.24.30-Luke.24.36"]}, {"raw": "John.20.1,John.20.19-John.20.21,John.20.26", "osis": ["John.20.1", "John.20.19-John.20.21", "John.20.26"]}, {"raw": "Acts.1.3", "osis": ["Acts.1.3"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.1-Acts.2.2", "osis": ["Acts.2.1-Acts.2.2"]}, {"raw": "Acts.20.7", "osis": ["Acts.20.7"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.16.1-1Cor.16.2", "osis": ["1Cor.16.1-1Cor.16.2"]}, {"raw": "Rev.1.10", "osis": ["Rev.1.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "65", "sort_key": 65, "question": "How is the Sabbath to be sanctified?", "answer": "The Sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy Resting all that Day, even from such worldly Employments and Recreations as are lawful on other Days; and spending the whole Time in the Public and Private Exercises of God's Worship, except so much as is to be taken up in the Works of Necessity and Mercy.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy Resting all that Day[1], even from such worldly Employments and Recreations as are lawful on other Days[2]; and spending the whole Time in the Public and Private Exercises of God's Worship[3], except so much as is to be taken up in the Works of Necessity and Mercy[4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.8,Exod.20.10", "osis": ["Exod.20.8", "Exod.20.10"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.16.25-Exod.16.28", "osis": ["Exod.16.25-Exod.16.28"]}, {"raw": "Neh.13.15-Neh.13.19,Neh.13.21-Neh.13.22", "osis": ["Neh.13.15-Neh.13.19", "Neh.13.21-Neh.13.22"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.14.16", "osis": ["Luke.14.16"]}, {"raw": "Acts.20.7", "osis": ["Acts.20.7"]}, {"raw": "Ps.92", "osis": ["Ps.92"]}, {"raw": "Isa.66.23", "osis": ["Isa.66.23"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.12.1-Matt.12.13", "osis": ["Matt.12.1-Matt.12.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "66", "sort_key": 66, "question": "What is forbidden in the fourth Commandment?", "answer": "The fourth Commandment forbiddeth the Omission or careless Performance of the Duties required, and the profaning the Day by Idleness, or doing that which is in it self sinful; or by unnecessary Thoughts, Words, or Works about worldly Employments or Recreations.", "answer_with_proofs": "The fourth Commandment forbiddeth the Omission or careless Performance of the Duties required[1], and the profaning the Day by Idleness[2], or doing that which is in it self sinful[3]; or by unnecessary Thoughts, Words, or Works about worldly Employments or Recreations[4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.22.26", "osis": ["Ezek.22.26"]}, {"raw": "Amos.8.5", "osis": ["Amos.8.5"]}, {"raw": "Mal.1.13", "osis": ["Mal.1.13"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.20.7,Acts.20.9", "osis": ["Acts.20.7", "Acts.20.9"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.23.38", "osis": ["Ezek.23.38"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.17.24-Jer.17.27", "osis": ["Jer.17.24-Jer.17.27"]}, {"raw": "Isa.58.13", "osis": ["Isa.58.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "67", "sort_key": 67, "question": "What are the Reasons annexed to the fourth Commandment?", "answer": "The Reasons annexed to the fourth Commandment, are God's allowing us six Days of the Week for our own lawful Employments, his challenging a special Propriety in a Seventh, his own Example, and his blessing the Sabbath Day.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Reasons annexed to the fourth Commandment, are God's allowing us six Days of the Week for our own lawful Employments[1], his challenging a special Propriety in a Seventh, his own Example, and his blessing the Sabbath Day[2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.9", "osis": ["Exod.20.9"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.11", "osis": ["Exod.20.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "68", "sort_key": 68, "question": "Which is the fifth Commandment?", "answer": "The fifth Commandment is, \"Honour thy Father and thy Mother; that thy Days may be long upon the Land which the LORD thy God give it thee.\"", "answer_with_proofs": "The fifth Commandment is, \"Honour thy Father and thy Mother; that thy Days may be long upon the Land which the LORD thy God give it thee\"[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.12", "osis": ["Exod.20.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "69", "sort_key": 69, "question": "What is required in the fifth Commandment?", "answer": "The fifth Commandment requireth the preserving the Honour, and performing the Duties belonging to every one in their several Places and Relations, as Superiours, Inferiors, or Equals.", "answer_with_proofs": "The fifth Commandment requireth the preserving the Honour, and performing the Duties belonging to every one in their several Places and Relations, as Superiours[1], Inferiors[2], or Equals[3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.5.21", "osis": ["Eph.5.21"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.2.17", "osis": ["1Pet.2.17"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.12.10", "osis": ["Rom.12.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "70", "sort_key": 70, "question": "What is forbidden in the fifth Commandment?", "answer": "The fifth Commandment forbiddeth the neglecting of, or doing any thing against the Honor and Duty which belongeth to every one in their several Places and Relations.", "answer_with_proofs": "The fifth Commandment forbiddeth the neglecting of, or doing any thing against the Honor and Duty which belongeth to every one in their several Places and Relations[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.15.4-Matt.15.6", "osis": ["Matt.15.4-Matt.15.6"]}, {"raw": "Ezek.34.2-Ezek.34.4", "osis": ["Ezek.34.2-Ezek.34.4"]}, {"raw": "Rom.13.8", "osis": ["Rom.13.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "71", "sort_key": 71, "question": "What is the Reason annexed to the fifth Commandment?", "answer": "The reason annexed to the fifth Commandment, is a Promise of long Life and Prosperity (as far as it shall serve for God's Glory, and their own Good) to all such as keep this Commandment.", "answer_with_proofs": "The reason annexed to the fifth Commandment, is a Promise of long Life and Prosperity (as far as it shall serve for God's Glory, and their own Good) to all such as keep this Commandment[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.5.16", "osis": ["Deut.5.16"]}, {"raw": "Eph.6.2-Eph.6.3", "osis": ["Eph.6.2-Eph.6.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "72", "sort_key": 72, "question": "What is the sixth Commandment?", "answer": "The sixth Commandment is, \"Thou shalt not kill\".", "answer_with_proofs": "The sixth Commandment is, \"Thou shalt not kill\"[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.13", "osis": ["Exod.20.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "73", "sort_key": 73, "question": "What is required in the sixth Commandment?", "answer": "The sixth Commandment requireth all lawful Endeavors to preserve our own Life, and the Life of others.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sixth Commandment requireth all lawful Endeavors to preserve our own Life[1], and the Life of others[2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.5.28-Eph.5.29", "osis": ["Eph.5.28-Eph.5.29"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Kgs.18.4", "osis": ["1Kgs.18.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "74", "sort_key": 74, "question": "What is forbidden in the sixth Commandment?", "answer": "The sixth Commandment absolutely forbiddeth the taking away of our own Life; or the Life of our Neighbor unjustly, or whatsoever tendeth thereunto.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sixth Commandment absolutely forbiddeth the taking away of our own Life; or the Life of our Neighbor unjustly, or whatsoever tendeth thereunto[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.16.28", "osis": ["Acts.16.28"]}, {"raw": "Gen.9.6", "osis": ["Gen.9.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "75", "sort_key": 75, "question": "Which is the seventh Commandment?", "answer": "The seventh Commandment is, \"Thou shalt not commit adultery\".", "answer_with_proofs": "The seventh Commandment is, \"Thou shalt not commit adultery\"[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.14", "osis": ["Exod.20.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "76", "sort_key": 76, "question": "What is required in the seventh Commandment?", "answer": "The seventh Commandment requireth the Preservation of our own, and out Neighbor's Chastity, in Heart, Speech, and Behavior.", "answer_with_proofs": "The seventh Commandment requireth the Preservation of our own, and out Neighbor's Chastity, in Heart, Speech, and Behavior[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.7.2-1Cor.7.3,1Cor.7.5,1Cor.7.34,1Cor.7.36", "osis": ["1Cor.7.2-1Cor.7.3", "1Cor.7.5", "1Cor.7.34", "1Cor.7.36"]}, {"raw": "Col.4.6", "osis": ["Col.4.6"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.3.2", "osis": ["1Pet.3.2"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "77", "sort_key": 77, "question": "What is forbidden in the seventh Commandment?", "answer": "The seventh Commandment forbiddeth all unchast Thoughts, Words and Actions.", "answer_with_proofs": "The seventh Commandment forbiddeth all unchast Thoughts, Words and Actions[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.15.19", "osis": ["Matt.15.19"]}, {"raw": "Matt.5.28", "osis": ["Matt.5.28"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.3-Eph.5.4", "osis": ["Eph.5.3-Eph.5.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "78", "sort_key": 78, "question": "Which is the eighth Commandment?", "answer": "The eighth Commandment is, \"Thou shalt not steal\".", "answer_with_proofs": "The eighth Commandment is, \"Thou shalt not steal\"[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.15", "osis": ["Exod.20.15"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "79", "sort_key": 79, "question": "What is required in the eighth Commandment?", "answer": "The eighth Commandment requireth the lawful procuring, and furthering the Wealth and outward Estate of our selves, and others.", "answer_with_proofs": "The eighth Commandment requireth the lawful procuring, and furthering the Wealth and outward Estate of our selves, and others[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.30.30", "osis": ["Gen.30.30"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.5.8", "osis": ["1Tim.5.8"]}, {"raw": "Lev.25.35", "osis": ["Lev.25.35"]}, {"raw": "Deut.22.1-Deut.22.5", "osis": ["Deut.22.1-Deut.22.5"]}, {"raw": "Exod.23.4-Exod.23.5", "osis": ["Exod.23.4-Exod.23.5"]}, {"raw": "Gen.47.14,Gen.47.20", "osis": ["Gen.47.14", "Gen.47.20"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "80", "sort_key": 80, "question": "What is forbidden in the eighth Commandment?", "answer": "The eighth Commandment forbiddeth whatsoever doth, or may, unjustly hinder our own, or our Neighbour's Wealth, or outward Estate.", "answer_with_proofs": "The eighth Commandment forbiddeth whatsoever doth, or may, unjustly hinder our own, or our Neighbour's Wealth, or outward Estate[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.21.17", "osis": ["Prov.21.17"]}, {"raw": "Prov.23.20-Prov.23.21", "osis": ["Prov.23.20-Prov.23.21"]}, {"raw": "Prov.28.19", "osis": ["Prov.28.19"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.28", "osis": ["Eph.4.28"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "81", "sort_key": 81, "question": "Which is the ninth Commandment?", "answer": "The ninth Commandment is, \"Thou shalt not bear false Witness against thy Neighbour\".", "answer_with_proofs": "The ninth Commandment is, \"Thou shalt not bear false Witness against thy Neighbour\"[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.16", "osis": ["Exod.20.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "82", "sort_key": 82, "question": "What is required in the ninth Commandment?", "answer": "The ninth Commandment requireth the maintaining and promoting of Truth between Man and Man, and of our own and our Neighbor's good Name, especially in Witness-bearing.", "answer_with_proofs": "The ninth Commandment requireth the maintaining and promoting of Truth between Man and Man[1], and of our own and our Neighbor's good Name[2], especially in Witness-bearing[3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Zech.8.16", "osis": ["Zech.8.16"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "3John.1.12", "osis": ["3John.1.12"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.14.5,Prov.14.25", "osis": ["Prov.14.5", "Prov.14.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "83", "sort_key": 83, "question": "What is forbidden in the ninth Commandment?", "answer": "The ninth Commandment forbiddeth whatsoever is prejudicial to Truth, or injurious to our own or our Neighbor's good name.", "answer_with_proofs": "The ninth Commandment forbiddeth whatsoever is prejudicial to Truth, or injurious to our own or our Neighbor's good name[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.17.28", "osis": ["1Sam.17.28"]}, {"raw": "Lev.19.16", "osis": ["Lev.19.16"]}, {"raw": "Ps.15.3", "osis": ["Ps.15.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "84", "sort_key": 84, "question": "Which is the tenth Commandment?", "answer": "The tenth Commandment is, \"Thou shalt not covet thy Neighbor's House, that shalt not covet thy Neighbor's Wife, nor his Man-servant, nor his Maid-servant, nor his Ox, nor his Ass, nor any thing that is thy Neighbor's\".", "answer_with_proofs": "The tenth Commandment is, \"Thou shalt not covet thy Neighbor's House, that shalt not covet thy Neighbor's Wife, nor his Man-servant, nor his Maid-servant, nor his Ox, nor his Ass, nor any thing that is thy Neighbor's\"[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.17", "osis": ["Exod.20.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "85", "sort_key": 85, "question": "What is required in the tenth Commandment?", "answer": "The tenth Commandment requireth the full Contentment with our own Condition, with a right and charitable frame of Spirit toward our Neighbor, and all that is his.", "answer_with_proofs": "The tenth Commandment requireth the full Contentment with our own Condition[1], with a right and charitable frame of Spirit toward our Neighbor, and all that is his[2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.13.5", "osis": ["Heb.13.5"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.6.6", "osis": ["1Tim.6.6"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Job.31.29", "osis": ["Job.31.29"]}, {"raw": "Rom.12.15", "osis": ["Rom.12.15"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.1.5", "osis": ["1Tim.1.5"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.13.4-1Cor.13.7", "osis": ["1Cor.13.4-1Cor.13.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "86", "sort_key": 86, "question": "What is forbidden in the tenth Commandment?", "answer": "The tenth Commandment forbiddeth all Discontentment with our own Estate; envying or grieving at the Good of our Neighbor, and all inordinate Motions and Affections to any thing that is his.", "answer_with_proofs": "The tenth Commandment forbiddeth all Discontentment with our own Estate[1]; envying or grieving at the Good of our Neighbor[2], and all inordinate Motions and Affections to any thing that is his[3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Kgs.21.4", "osis": ["1Kgs.21.4"]}, {"raw": "Esth.5.13", "osis": ["Esth.5.13"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.10.10", "osis": ["1Cor.10.10"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.5.26", "osis": ["Gal.5.26"]}, {"raw": "Jas.3.14,Jas.3.16", "osis": ["Jas.3.14", "Jas.3.16"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.7.7-Rom.7.8", "osis": ["Rom.7.7-Rom.7.8"]}, {"raw": "Rom.13.9", "osis": ["Rom.13.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "87", "sort_key": 87, "question": "Is any Man able perfectly to keep the Commandments of God?", "answer": "No meer Man since the Fall, is able in this Life, perfectly to keep the Commandments of God, but doth daily break them, in Thought, Work, or Deed.", "answer_with_proofs": "No meer Man since the Fall, is able in this Life, perfectly to keep the Commandments of God[1], but doth daily break them, in Thought, Work, or Deed[2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eccl.7.20", "osis": ["Eccl.7.20"]}, {"raw": "1John.1.8,1John.1.10", "osis": ["1John.1.8", "1John.1.10"]}, {"raw": "Gal.5.17", "osis": ["Gal.5.17"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.6.5", "osis": ["Gen.6.5"]}, {"raw": "Gen.8.21", "osis": ["Gen.8.21"]}, {"raw": "Rom.3.9-Rom.3.21", "osis": ["Rom.3.9-Rom.3.21"]}, {"raw": "Jas.3.2-Jas.3.13", "osis": ["Jas.3.2-Jas.3.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "88", "sort_key": 88, "question": "Are all Transgressions of the Law equally heinous?", "answer": "Some Sins in themselves, and by reason of several Aggravations, are more heinous in the sight of God than others.", "answer_with_proofs": "Some Sins in themselves, and by reason of several Aggravations, are more heinous in the sight of God than others[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.8.6,Ezek.8.13,Ezek.8.15", "osis": ["Ezek.8.6", "Ezek.8.13", "Ezek.8.15"]}, {"raw": "1John.5.16", "osis": ["1John.5.16"]}, {"raw": "Ps.78.17,Ps.78.32,Ps.78.56", "osis": ["Ps.78.17", "Ps.78.32", "Ps.78.56"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "89", "sort_key": 89, "question": "What doth every Sin deserve?", "answer": "Every Sin deserveth God's Wrath and Curse, both in this Life, and that which is to come.", "answer_with_proofs": "Every Sin deserveth God's Wrath and Curse, both in this Life, and that which is to come[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.5.6", "osis": ["Eph.5.6"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.10", "osis": ["Gal.3.10"]}, {"raw": "Lam.3.39", "osis": ["Lam.3.39"]}, {"raw": "Matt.25.41", "osis": ["Matt.25.41"]}, {"raw": "Rom.6.23", "osis": ["Rom.6.23"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "90", "sort_key": 90, "question": "What doth God require of us, that we may escape his Wrath and Curse, due to us for Sin?", "answer": "To escape the Wrath and Curse of God due to us for Sin, God requireth of us Faith in Jesus Christ, Repentance unto Life, with the diligent use all the outward Means, whereby Christ communicateth to us the Benefits of Redemption.", "answer_with_proofs": "To escape the Wrath and Curse of God due to us for Sin, God requireth of us Faith in Jesus Christ, Repentance unto Life[1], with the diligent use all the outward Means, whereby Christ communicateth to us the Benefits of Redemption[2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.20.21", "osis": ["Acts.20.21"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.2.1-Prov.2.6", "osis": ["Prov.2.1-Prov.2.6"]}, {"raw": "Prov.8.33-Prov.8.36", "osis": ["Prov.8.33-Prov.8.36"]}, {"raw": "Isa.55.2-Isa.55.3", "osis": ["Isa.55.2-Isa.55.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "91", "sort_key": 91, "question": "What is Faith in Jesus Christ?", "answer": "Faith in Jesus Christ is a saving Grace, whereby we receive, and rest upon him alone for Salvation, as he is offered to us in the Gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": "Faith in Jesus Christ is a saving Grace[1], whereby we receive, and rest upon him alone for Salvation, as he is offered to us in the Gospel[2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.10.39", "osis": ["Heb.10.39"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.12", "osis": ["John.1.12"]}, {"raw": "Isa.26.3-Isa.26.4", "osis": ["Isa.26.3-Isa.26.4"]}, {"raw": "Phil.3.9", "osis": ["Phil.3.9"]}, {"raw": "Gal.2.16", "osis": ["Gal.2.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "92", "sort_key": 92, "question": "What is Repentance unto Life?", "answer": "Repentance unto Life is a saving Grace, whereby a Sinner, out of a true Sense of his Sin, and Apprehension of the Mercy of God in Christ, doth, with grief and hatred of his Sin, turn from it unto God, with full Purpose of, and Endeavor after, new Obedience.", "answer_with_proofs": "Repentance unto Life is a saving Grace[1], whereby a Sinner, out of a true Sense of his Sin[2], and Apprehension of the Mercy of God in Christ[3], doth, with grief and hatred of his Sin, turn from it unto God[4], with full Purpose of, and Endeavor after, new Obedience[5].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.11.28", "osis": ["Acts.11.28"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.37-Acts.2.38", "osis": ["Acts.2.37-Acts.2.38"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Joel.2.12", "osis": ["Joel.2.12"]}, {"raw": "Jer.3.22", "osis": ["Jer.3.22"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.31.18-Jer.31.19", "osis": ["Jer.31.18-Jer.31.19"]}, {"raw": "Ezek.36.31", "osis": ["Ezek.36.31"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.7.11", "osis": ["2Cor.7.11"]}, {"raw": "Isa.1.16-Isa.1.17", "osis": ["Isa.1.16-Isa.1.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "93", "sort_key": 93, "question": "What are the outward Means, whereby Christ communicateth to us the Benefits of Redemption?", "answer": "The outward in ordinary Means, whereby Christ communicateth to us the Benefits of Redemption, are his Ordinances, especially the Word, Baptism, the Lord's Supper, and Prayer; all which Means are made effectual to the Elect for Salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "The outward in ordinary Means, whereby Christ communicateth to us the Benefits of Redemption, are his Ordinances, especially the Word, Baptism, the Lord's Supper, and Prayer; all which Means are made effectual to the Elect for Salvation[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20", "osis": ["Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.42,Acts.2.46-Acts.2.47", "osis": ["Acts.2.42", "Acts.2.46-Acts.2.47"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "94", "sort_key": 94, "question": "How is the Word made effectual to Salvation?", "answer": "The Spirit of God maketh the Reading, but especially the Preaching of the Word, an effectual Means of convincing and converting Sinners; and of building them up in Holiness and Comfort through Faith unto Salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Spirit of God maketh the Reading, but especially the Preaching of the Word, an effectual Means of convincing and converting Sinners; and of building them up in Holiness and Comfort through Faith unto Salvation[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Neh.8.8", "osis": ["Neh.8.8"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.14.24-1Cor.14.25", "osis": ["1Cor.14.24-1Cor.14.25"]}, {"raw": "Acts.26.18", "osis": ["Acts.26.18"]}, {"raw": "Ps.19.8", "osis": ["Ps.19.8"]}, {"raw": "Acts.20.32", "osis": ["Acts.20.32"]}, {"raw": "Rom.15.4", "osis": ["Rom.15.4"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.3.15-1Tim.3.16", "osis": ["1Tim.3.15-1Tim.3.16"]}, {"raw": "Rom.10.13-Rom.10.17", "osis": ["Rom.10.13-Rom.10.17"]}, {"raw": "Rom.1.16", "osis": ["Rom.1.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "95", "sort_key": 95, "question": "How is the Word to be read and heard, that it may become effectual to Salvation?", "answer": "That the Word may become effectual to Salvation, we must attend thereunto with Diligence, Preparation, and Prayer; receive it with Faith and Love, lay it up in our Hearts, and practice it in our Lives.", "answer_with_proofs": "That the Word may become effectual to Salvation, we must attend thereunto with Diligence[1], Preparation[2], and Prayer[3]; receive it with Faith and Love[4], lay it up in our Hearts[5], and practice it in our Lives[6].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.8.34", "osis": ["Prov.8.34"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.2.1-1Pet.2.2", "osis": ["1Pet.2.1-1Pet.2.2"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.119.18", "osis": ["Ps.119.18"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.4.2", "osis": ["Heb.4.2"]}, {"raw": "2Thess.2.10", "osis": ["2Thess.2.10"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.119.11", "osis": ["Ps.119.11"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.8.15", "osis": ["Luke.8.15"]}, {"raw": "Jas.1.25", "osis": ["Jas.1.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "96", "sort_key": 96, "question": "How do Baptism and the Lord's Supper, become effectual Means of Salvation?", "answer": "Baptism and the Lord's Supper become effectual Means of Salvation, not for any Virtue in them, or in him that doth administer them, but only by the Blessing of Christ, and the working of the Spirit in those that by Faith received them.", "answer_with_proofs": "Baptism and the Lord's Supper become effectual Means of Salvation, not for any Virtue in them, or in him that doth administer them, but only by the Blessing of Christ[1], and the working of the Spirit in those that by Faith received them[2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.3.21", "osis": ["1Pet.3.21"]}, {"raw": "Matt.3.11", "osis": ["Matt.3.11"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.3.6-1Cor.3.7", "osis": ["1Cor.3.6-1Cor.3.7"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.12.13", "osis": ["1Cor.12.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "97", "sort_key": 97, "question": "What is Baptism?", "answer": "Baptism is an Ordinance of the New Testament instituted by Jesus Christ, to be unto the Party baptised, a Sign of his Fellowship with him, in his Death, Burial, and Resurrection; of his being ingrafted into him; of Remission of Sins; and of his giving up himself unto God through Jesus Christ, to live and walk in newness of Life.", "answer_with_proofs": "Baptism is an Ordinance of the New Testament instituted by Jesus Christ[1], to be unto the Party baptised, a Sign of his Fellowship with him, in his Death, Burial, and Resurrection; of his being ingrafted into him[2]; of Remission of Sins[3]; and of his giving up himself unto God through Jesus Christ, to live and walk in newness of Life[4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.3-Rom.6.5", "osis": ["Rom.6.3-Rom.6.5"]}, {"raw": "Col.2.12", "osis": ["Col.2.12"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.27", "osis": ["Gal.3.27"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Mark.1.4", "osis": ["Mark.1.4"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.38", "osis": ["Acts.2.38"]}, {"raw": "Acts.22.16", "osis": ["Acts.22.16"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.3-Rom.6.4", "osis": ["Rom.6.3-Rom.6.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "98", "sort_key": 98, "question": "To whom is Baptism to be administered?", "answer": "Baptism is to be administered to all those, who actually profess Repentance toward God, Faith in, and Obedience to our Lord Jesus Christ, and to none other.", "answer_with_proofs": "Baptism is to be administered to all those, who actually profess Repentance toward God, Faith in, and Obedience to our Lord Jesus Christ, and to none other[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.3.6", "osis": ["Matt.3.6"]}, {"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}, {"raw": "Mark.16.16", "osis": ["Mark.16.16"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.37-Acts.2.38", "osis": ["Acts.2.37-Acts.2.38"]}, {"raw": "Acts.8.36-Acts.8.38", "osis": ["Acts.8.36-Acts.8.38"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "99", "sort_key": 99, "question": "Are the Infants of such as are Professing Believers to be baptized?", "answer": "The Infants of such as are professing Believers are not to be baptized, because there is neither Command, or Example in the Holy Scriptures, or certain Consequence from them to baptize such.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Infants of such as are professing Believers are not to be baptized, because there is neither Command, or Example in the Holy Scriptures, or certain Consequence from them to baptize such.", "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "100", "sort_key": 100, "question": "How is Baptism rightly administered?", "answer": "Baptism is rightly administered, by Immersion, wore dipping the whole Body of the Party in Water, into the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, according to Christ's Institution, and the Practice of the Apostles; and not by the sprinkling or pouring of Water, or dipping some Part of the Body, after the Tradition of Men.", "answer_with_proofs": "Baptism is rightly administered, by Immersion, wore dipping the whole Body of the Party in Water, into the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, according to Christ's Institution, and the Practice of the Apostles[1]; and not by the sprinkling or pouring of Water, or dipping some Part of the Body, after the Tradition of Men.", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.3.16", "osis": ["Matt.3.16"]}, {"raw": "John.3.23", "osis": ["John.3.23"]}, {"raw": "Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20", "osis": ["Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20"]}, {"raw": "Acts.8.38", "osis": ["Acts.8.38"]}, {"raw": "Acts.10.48", "osis": ["Acts.10.48"]}, {"raw": "Rom.6.4", "osis": ["Rom.6.4"]}, {"raw": "Col.2.12", "osis": ["Col.2.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "101", "sort_key": 101, "question": "What is the Duty of such who are rightly baptized?", "answer": "It is the Duty of such who are rightly baptized, to give up themselves to some particular and orderly Church of Jesus Christ, that they may walk in all the Commandments and Ordinances of the Lord blameless.", "answer_with_proofs": "It is the Duty of such who are rightly baptized, to give up themselves to some particular and orderly Church of Jesus Christ, that they may walk in all the Commandments and Ordinances of the Lord blameless[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.41-Acts.2.42", "osis": ["Acts.2.41-Acts.2.42"]}, {"raw": "Acts.5.13-Acts.5.14", "osis": ["Acts.5.13-Acts.5.14"]}, {"raw": "Acts.9.26", "osis": ["Acts.9.26"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.2.5", "osis": ["1Pet.2.5"]}, {"raw": "Luke.1.6", "osis": ["Luke.1.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "102", "sort_key": 102, "question": "What is the Lord's Supper?", "answer": "The Lord's Supper is an Ordinance of the New Testament instituted by Jesus Christ; wherein by giving and receiving Bread and Wine, according to his Appointment, his Death is shewed forth; and the worthy Receivers are, not after a Corporal and Carnal manner, but by Faith, made Partakers of his Body and Blood, with all his Benefits, to their spiritual Nourishment, and growth in Grace.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Lord's Supper is an Ordinance of the New Testament instituted by Jesus Christ; wherein by giving and receiving Bread and Wine, according to his Appointment, his Death is shewed forth; and the worthy Receivers are, not after a Corporal and Carnal manner, but by Faith, made Partakers of his Body and Blood, with all his Benefits, to their spiritual Nourishment, and growth in Grace[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.26.26-Matt.26.28", "osis": ["Matt.26.26-Matt.26.28"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.26", "osis": ["1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.26"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.10.16", "osis": ["1Cor.10.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "103", "sort_key": 103, "question": "Who are the proper Subjects of this Ordinance?", "answer": "They who have been baptized upon a personal Profession of their Faith in Jesus Christ, and Repentance from dead Works.", "answer_with_proofs": "They who have been baptized upon a personal Profession of their Faith in Jesus Christ, and Repentance from dead Works[1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.41-Acts.2.42", "osis": ["Acts.2.41-Acts.2.42"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "104", "sort_key": 104, "question": "What is required to the worthy receiving of the Lord's Supper?", "answer": "It is required of them that would worthily partake of the Lord's Supper, that they examine themselves, of their Knowledge to discern the Lord's Body, of their Faith to feed upon him, of their Repentance, Love, and new Obedience; lest coming unworthily, they eat and drink Judgment to themselves.", "answer_with_proofs": "It is required of them that would worthily partake of the Lord's Supper, that they examine themselves, of their Knowledge to discern the Lord's Body[1], of their Faith to feed upon him[2], of their Repentance[3], Love[4], and new Obedience[5]; lest coming unworthily, they eat and drink Judgment to themselves[6].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.28-1Cor.11.29", "osis": ["1Cor.11.28-1Cor.11.29"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.13.5", "osis": ["2Cor.13.5"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.31", "osis": ["1Cor.11.31"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.16-1Cor.10.17", "osis": ["1Cor.10.16-1Cor.10.17"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.5.7-1Cor.5.8", "osis": ["1Cor.5.7-1Cor.5.8"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.28-1Cor.11.29", "osis": ["1Cor.11.28-1Cor.11.29"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "105", "sort_key": 105, "question": "What is Prayer?", "answer": "Prayer is an offering up our Desires to God, by the Assistance of the Holy Spirit, for things agreeable to his Will, in the Name of Christ believing, with Confession of our Sins, and thankful Acknowledgment of his Mercies.", "answer_with_proofs": "Prayer is an offering up our Desires to God[1], by the Assistance of the Holy Spirit[2], for things agreeable to his Will[3], in the Name of Christ[4] believing[5], with Confession of our Sins[6], and thankful Acknowledgment of his Mercies[7].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.62.8", "osis": ["Ps.62.8"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.26", "osis": ["Rom.8.26"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1John.5.14", "osis": ["1John.5.14"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "John.16.23", "osis": ["John.16.23"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.21.22", "osis": ["Matt.21.22"]}, {"raw": "Jas.1.6", "osis": ["Jas.1.6"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.32.5-Ps.32.6", "osis": ["Ps.32.5-Ps.32.6"]}, {"raw": "Dan.9.4", "osis": ["Dan.9.4"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.4.6", "osis": ["Phil.4.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "106", "sort_key": 106, "question": "What Rule hath God given for our Direction in Prayer?", "answer": "The whole Word of God is of use to direct us in Prayer; but the special Rule of Direction is, that Prayer which Christ taught his Disciples, commonly called, The Lord's Prayer.", "answer_with_proofs": "The whole Word of God is of use to direct us in Prayer[1]; but the special Rule of Direction is, that Prayer which Christ taught his Disciples, commonly called, The Lord's Prayer[2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1John.5.14", "osis": ["1John.5.14"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Mark.6.9-Mark.6.13", "osis": ["Mark.6.9-Mark.6.13"]}, {"raw": "Luke.11.2-Luke.11.4", "osis": ["Luke.11.2-Luke.11.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "107", "sort_key": 107, "question": "What doth the Preface of the Lord's Prayer teach us?", "answer": "The Preface of the Lord's Prayer, which is, \"Our Father which art in Heaven,\" teacheth us to draw near to God with all holy Reverence and Confidence, as Children to a Father, able and ready to help us; and that we should pray with and for others.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Preface of the Lord's Prayer, which is, \"Our Father which art in Heaven[1],\" teacheth us to draw near to God with all holy Reverence and Confidence, as Children to a Father, able and ready to help us[2]; and that we should pray with and for others[3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.9", "osis": ["Matt.6.9"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.15", "osis": ["Rom.8.15"]}, {"raw": "Luke.11.13", "osis": ["Luke.11.13"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.12.5", "osis": ["Acts.12.5"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.2.1-1Tim.2.2", "osis": ["1Tim.2.1-1Tim.2.2"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "108", "sort_key": 108, "question": "What do we pray for in the first Petition?", "answer": "In the first Petition, which is, \"Hallowed be thy Name,\" we pray, that God would enable us and others, to glorify him in all that, whereby he maketh himself known; and that he would dispose all things to his own Glory.", "answer_with_proofs": "In the first Petition, which is, \"Hallowed be thy Name[1],\" we pray, that God would enable us and others, to glorify him in all that, whereby he maketh himself known[2]; and that he would dispose all things to his own Glory[3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.9", "osis": ["Matt.6.9"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.67.2-Ps.67.3", "osis": ["Ps.67.2-Ps.67.3"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.83", "osis": ["Ps.83"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "109", "sort_key": 109, "question": "What do we pray for in the Second Petition?", "answer": "In the second Petition, which is, \"Thy Kingdom come,\" we pray that Satan's Kingdom may be destroyed, and that the Kingdom of Grace may be advanced, our selves and others brought into it and kept in it, and that the Kingdom of Glory may be hastened.", "answer_with_proofs": "In the second Petition, which is, \"Thy Kingdom come[1],\" we pray that Satan's Kingdom may be destroyed[2], and that the Kingdom of Grace may be advanced[3], our selves and others brought into it and kept in it[4], and that the Kingdom of Glory may be hastened[5].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.10", "osis": ["Matt.6.10"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.68.1,Ps.68.18", "osis": ["Ps.68.1", "Ps.68.18"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rev.12.10-Rev.12.11", "osis": ["Rev.12.10-Rev.12.11"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "2Thess.3.1", "osis": ["2Thess.3.1"]}, {"raw": "Rom.10.1", "osis": ["Rom.10.1"]}, {"raw": "John.17.19-John.17.20", "osis": ["John.17.19-John.17.20"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Rev.22.20", "osis": ["Rev.22.20"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "110", "sort_key": 110, "question": "What do we pray for in the third Petition?", "answer": "In the third Petition, which is, \"Thy Will be done on Earth, as it is in Heaven,\" we pray, that God by his Grace would make us able and willing to know, obey, and submit to his Will in all things, as the Angels do in Heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": "In the third Petition, which is, \"Thy Will be done on Earth, as it is in Heaven[1],\" we pray, that God by his Grace would make us able and willing to know, obey, and submit to his Will in all things[2], as the Angels do in Heaven[3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.10", "osis": ["Matt.6.10"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.67", "osis": ["Ps.67"]}, {"raw": "Ps.119.36", "osis": ["Ps.119.36"]}, {"raw": "Matt.26.39", "osis": ["Matt.26.39"]}, {"raw": "2Sam.15.25", "osis": ["2Sam.15.25"]}, {"raw": "Job.1.21", "osis": ["Job.1.21"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.103.20-Ps.103.21", "osis": ["Ps.103.20-Ps.103.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "111", "sort_key": 111, "question": "What do we pray for in the fourth Petition?", "answer": "In the fourth Petition, which is, \"Give us this Day our daily Bread,\" we pray, that of God's free Gift, we may receive a competent Portion of the good Things of this Life, and enjoy his Blessing with them.", "answer_with_proofs": "In the fourth Petition, which is, \"Give us this Day our daily Bread[1],\" we pray, that of God's free Gift, we may receive a competent Portion of the good Things of this Life, and enjoy his Blessing with them[2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.11", "osis": ["Matt.6.11"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.30.8-Prov.30.9", "osis": ["Prov.30.8-Prov.30.9"]}, {"raw": "Gen.28.20", "osis": ["Gen.28.20"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.4.4-1Tim.4.5", "osis": ["1Tim.4.4-1Tim.4.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "112", "sort_key": 112, "question": "What do we pray for in the fifth Petition?", "answer": "In the fifth Petition, which is, \"And forgive us our Debts as we forgive our Debtors,\" we pray, that God for Christ's sake would freely pardon all our Sins; which we are the rather encouraged to ask, because by his Grace we are enabled from the Heart to forgive others.", "answer_with_proofs": "In the fifth Petition, which is, \"And forgive us our Debts as we forgive our Debtors[1],\" we pray, that God for Christ's sake would freely pardon all our Sins[2]; which we are the rather encouraged to ask, because by his Grace we are enabled from the Heart to forgive others[3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.12", "osis": ["Matt.6.12"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.51.1-Ps.51.2,Ps.51.7,Ps.51.9", "osis": ["Ps.51.1-Ps.51.2", "Ps.51.7", "Ps.51.9"]}, {"raw": "Dan.9.17-Dan.9.19", "osis": ["Dan.9.17-Dan.9.19"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.11.4", "osis": ["Luke.11.4"]}, {"raw": "Matt.18.35", "osis": ["Matt.18.35"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "113", "sort_key": 113, "question": "What do we pray for in the sixth Petition?", "answer": "In the sixth Petition, which is, \"And lead us not into Temptation, but deliver us from Evil,\" we pray that God would either keep us from being tempted to Sin, or support and deliver us when we are tempted.", "answer_with_proofs": "In the sixth Petition, which is, \"And lead us not into Temptation, but deliver us from Evil[1],\" we pray that God would either keep us from being tempted to Sin[2], or support and deliver us when we are tempted[3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.13", "osis": ["Matt.6.13"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.26.41", "osis": ["Matt.26.41"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.12.8", "osis": ["2Cor.12.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "_source_title": "1695 Baptist Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_100026931442.0x000001#?#ark:/81055/vdc_100026931451.0x00000a&c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&xywh=-64,0,2839,1783", "document_id": "1695-baptist-catechism", "item_id": "114", "sort_key": 114, "question": "What doth the Conclusion of the Lord's Prayer teach?", "answer": "The Conclusion of the Lord's Prayer, which is, \"For thine is the Kingdom, and the Power, and the Glory, for ever, Amen,\" teacheth us to take our Encouragement in Prayer from God only, and in our Prayers to praise him, ascribing Kingdom, Power and Glory to him: And in testimony of our Desire, and Assurance to be heard, we say, Amen.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Conclusion of the Lord's Prayer, which is, \"For thine is the Kingdom, and the Power, and the Glory, for ever, Amen[1],\" teacheth us to take our Encouragement in Prayer from God only[2], and in our Prayers to praise him, ascribing Kingdom, Power and Glory to him[3]: And in testimony of our Desire, and Assurance to be heard, we say, Amen[4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.13", "osis": ["Matt.6.13"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Dan.9.4,Dan.9.7-Dan.9.9,Dan.9.16-Dan.9.19", "osis": ["Dan.9.4", "Dan.9.7-Dan.9.9", "Dan.9.16-Dan.9.19"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Chr.29.10-1Chr.29.13", "osis": ["1Chr.29.10-1Chr.29.13"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.14.16", "osis": ["1Cor.14.16"]}, {"raw": "Rev.22.20-Rev.22.21", "osis": ["Rev.22.20-Rev.22.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "1", "sort_key": 1, "group": "Chapter I", "question": "What  is  emhraced  under  Exegetical  Theology  ?", "answer": "If the facts (1) That there is a God, and (2) that he has spoken, be established, it remains to answer the question, ''What has God said?\" Exegetical Theology is the general title of that department of theological science which aims at the Interpretation of the Scriptures as the word of God, recorded in human language, and transmitted to us through human channels; and in order to this. Interpretation aims to gather and organize all that knowledge which is necessarily intro- ductory thereto. This includes tlie answer to two main ques- tions: (1) What books form the canon, and what were the exact words of which the original autographs of the writers of these several books consisted, and (2) What do those divine words, so ascertained, mean. The answers to all questions preliminary to actual Interpre- tation, come under the head of Introduction, and this is divided (1) into General Introduction, presenting all that information, preliminary to interpretation, which stands related in common to the Bible as a whole, or to each Testament as a whole, and (2) into Sjyecial Introduction, which includes all necessary prepa- ration for the interpretation of each book of the Bible in detail. A. General Introduction includes — 1st. The Higher Criticism or the canvass of the extant evidences of all kinds establishing the authenticity and genuine- ness of each book in the sacred canon. 2d. The Criticism of the Text, which, from a comparison of the best ancient manuscripts and versions, from internal evi- dence, and by means of a critical liistory of the text from its first appearance to the present, seeks to determine the ipsissima verba of the original autographs of the inspired writers. 3d. Biblical \"Fhilology, which answers the questions: Why were different languages used in the record? and why Hebrew and Greek ? What are the special characteristics of the dia- lects of those languages actually used, and their relation to the families of language to which they belong? And what Avere the special characteristics of dialect, style, etc., of the sacred writers individually. EXEGETICAL THEOLOGY. 21 4th. Biblical Arcliceology, including the physical and political geography of Bible lands during the course of Bible history, and determining the physical, ethnological, social, political, and religious conditions of tlie people among whom the Script- ures originated, together with an account of their customs and institutions, and of the relation of these to those of their ances- tors and of their contemporaries. 5th. Hermeneutics, or the scientific determination of the prin- ciples and rules of Biblical Interpretation, including (1) the logical and grammatical and rhetorical principles determining the interpretation of human language in general, (2) the mod- ification of these principles appropriate to the interpretation of the specific forms of human discourse, e. g., history, poetry, prophecy, parable, symbol, etc., and (3) those further modifica- tions of these principles appropriate to the interpretation of writings supernaturally inspired. 6th. Apologetics having established the fact that the Chris- tian Scnptures are the vehicle of a supernatural revelation, we must now discuss and determine the nature and extent of Bib- lical Inspiration as far as this is determined by the claims and the phenomena of the Scriptures tliemselves. 7th. The History of Intevpretation, including the history of ancient and modern versions and schools of interpreta- tion, illustrated by a critical comparison of the most eminent commentaries. B. Special Introduction treats of each book of the Bible by itself, and furnishes all that knowledge concerning its dialect, authorship, occasion, design, and reception that is necessary for its accurate interpretation. • C. Exegesis proper is the actual application of all the knowl- edge gathered, and of all the rules developed, in the preceding departments of Introduction to the Interpretation of the sacred text, as it stands in its original connections of Testaments, books, paragraphs, etc. Following the laws of grammar, the usus loqiiendi of words, the analogy of Scripture, and the guidance of the Holy Ghost, Exegesis seeks to determine the mind of the Spirit as expressed in the inspired sentences as they stand in their order. There are several special departments classed under the general head of Exegetical Theology, which involve in some degree that arrangement and combination of Scripture testi- monies under topics or subjects, which is the distinctive char- acteristic of Systematic Theology. These are — 1st. Tyjiology, which embraces a scientific determination of the laws of Biblical symbols and types, and their interpretation, 22 THEOLOGICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. especially those of the ]\\Iosaic ritual as related to the person and work of Christ. 2d. Old Testament Christology, the critical exposition of the Messianic idea as it is developed in the Old Testament. 3d. Biblical Theology, wliich traces the gradual evolution of the several elements of revealed truth from their first sugges- tion through every successive stage, to their fullest manifesta- tion in the sacred text, and which exhibits the peculiar forms and connections in which these several truths are presented by each inspired Avriter. 4th. The Development of the principles of Prophetical In- terpretation and their application to the construction of an outline of the Prophesies of both Testaments. — \" Notes on New Testament Literature,\" by Dr. J. A. Alexander. 10. What is embraced under the head of Systematic Theology. As the name imports, Systematic Theology has for its object the gathering all that the Scriptures teach as to what we are to believe and to do, and the presenting all the elements of this teaching in a symmetrical system. The human mind must seek unity in all its knowledge. God's truth is one, and all the contents of all revelations natural and supernatural must constitute one self-contained system, each part organically re- lated to every other. The method of construction is inductive. It rests upon the results of Exegesis for its foundation. Passages of Scripture ascertained and interpreted are its data. These when rightly interpreted reveal their own relations and place in the system of which the Person and work of Christ is the centre. And as the contents of revelation stand intimately related to all the other departments of hmnan knowledge, the work of Systematic Theology necessarily involves the demonstration and illustra- tion of the harmony of all revealed truth with all valid science, material and ps3'chological, with all true speculative philosophy, and with all true moral philosophy and practical philanthropy. It includes — (1.) The construction of all the contents of revelation into a complete system of faith and duties. (2.) The history of this process as it has prevailed in the Church during the past. (3.) Polemics. I. The construction of all the contents of revelation into a complete system. This includes the scientific treatment (a) of all the matters of faith revealed, and (h) of all the duties enjoined. In the arrangement of topics the great majority of theolo- gians have followed what Dr. Cliahners calls the synthetical method. Starting with the idea and nature of God revealed in SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY. 23 the Scriptures, they trace his eternal purposes and temporal acts in creation, providence, and redemption to the final con- summation. The Doctor himself prefers what he calls the analytic method, and starts with the facts of experience and the lig-ht of nature, and man's present morally diseased con- dition, leads upward to redemption and to the character of God as revealed therein. Following the former of these methods all the elements of the system are usually grouped under the following heads : 1st. Theology proper: including the existence, attributes, triune personality of God, together with his eternal purposes, and temporal acts of creation and providence. 2d. Anthropology : (doctrine of man) including the creation and nature of man, his original state, fall, and consequent moral ruin. This embraces the Biblical Psychology, and the Script- ural doctrine of sin, its nature, origin, and mode of propagation. 3d. Soteriology : (doctrine of salvation) which includes the plan, execution, and application and glorious effects of human salvation. This embraces Christology (the doctrine of Christ), the incarnation, the constitution of Clirist's person, his life, death, and resurrection, together with the oftice-work of the Holy Ghost, and the means of grace, the word and sacraments. 4th. Christian Ethics: embracing the principles, rvdes, mo- tives, and aids of human duty revealed in the Bible as deter- mined (o) by his natural relations as a man with his fellows, and (?)) his supernatural relations as a redeemed man. 5th. Eschatology (science of last things) comprehending death, the intermediate state of the soul, the second advent, the resurrection of the dead, the general judgment, heaven and hell. 6th. Ecclesiology (science of the Church); including the scientific determination of all that the Scriptures teach as to the Church visible and invisible, in its temporal and in its eternal state ; including the Idea of the Church — its true defi- nition— its constitution and organization, its officers and their functions. A comparison and criticism of all the modifications of ecclesiastical organization that have ever existed, together with their genesis, history, and practical effects. II. Doctrine-History, which embraces the history of each of these great doctrines traced in its first appearance and sub- sequent development, through the controversies it excited and the Confessions in which it is defined. III. Polemics, or Controversial Theology, including the de- fence of the true system of doctrine as a whole and of each constituent element of it in detail against the perversions of heretical parties within the pale of the general Church. This embraces — (1.) The general principles and true method of relig- 24 THEOLOGICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. ions controversies. (2.) The definition of the true Status Quces- tionis in each controversy, and an exposition of the sources of evidence and of the methods, defensive and offensive, by which the truth is to be vindicated. (3.) Tlie history of controversies.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "2", "sort_key": 2, "group": "Chapter I", "question": "What  is  embraced  itnder  the  head  of  Practical  Theology?", "answer": "Practical Theology is both a science and an art. As an art it has for its purpose the effective publication of the contents of revelation among all men, and the perpetuation, extension, and edification of the earthly kingdom of God. As a science it has for its province the revealed principles and laws of the art above defined. Hence as Systematic Theology roots itself in a thorough Exegesis at once scientific and spiritual, so docs Practical Theology root itself in the great principles develoj)ed by Sj^stematic Theology, the department of Ecclesiology being connnon ground to both departments: the product of the one, and the foundation of the other. It includes the following main divisions — ■1st. The discussion of the Idea and Design of the Church, and of its divinely revealed attributes. 2d. The determination of the divinel}^ appointed constitu- tion of the Church, and methods of administration, with the discussion and refutation of all the rival forms of Churcli organ- ization that have prevailed, their history, and that of the con- troversies which they have occasioned. 3d. The discussion of the nature and extent of the discre- tion Christ has allowed his followers in adjusting the methods of ecclesiastical organization and administration to changing social and historical conditions. 4th. Church membership, its conditions, and the relation to Christ involved, together with the duties and privileges abso- lute and relative of the several classes of members. The rela- tion of baptized children to the Church, and the relative duties of Parents and of the Church in relation to them. 5tli. The Officers of the Church — extraordinary and tempo- rary; ordinar}^ and perpetual. (1.) Their call and ordination; their relations to Christ and to the Church. (2.) Their functions — A. As Teacliers — including — (a.) Catechetics, its necessity, principles, and history. (b.) Sunday-schools. The duties of parents and of the Church in respect to the religious education of children. (c) Sacred Rhetoric. Homiletics and pulpit elocution. {(l.) Christian literature. The newspaper, and periodicals and permanent books. PRACTICAL THEOLOGY. 25 B. As Leaders of Worship, including- — (a.) Liturgies, their uses, abuses, and history. (&. ) Free forms of prayer. (c.) Psahnody, inspired and uninspired, its uses and history. (fZ.) Sacred Music, vocal and instrumental uses and history. C. As Ptulers — (a.) The office, qualification, duties and Scriptural Warrant of Kuling Elders — (i.) The office, qualification, duties, mode of election, and ordination, and Scriptural Warrant of the New -Testament Bishop or Pastor. (c.) The Session, its constitution and functions. The the- ory and practical rules and methods of Church discipline. (d) The Presbytery and its constitution and functions. The theory and practical rules and precedents regulating the action of Church courts, in the exercise of the constitutional right of Review and Control in the issue and conduct of trials, complaints, appeals, etc., etc. (e.) The Synod and General Assembly and their constitu- tion and functions. The Principles a-nd policy of Committees, Commissioners, Boards, etc., etc. This leads to the functions of the Church as a whole, and the warrant for and the uses and abuses of Denominational dis- tinctions, and the relations of the different Denominations to one another. 1st. Church Statistics, including our own Church, other Churches, and the world. 2d. Christian, social, and ecclesiastical economics, including the duties of Christian stewardship, personal consecration, and systematic benevolence. The relation of the Church to the poor and to criminals, the administration of orphan asylums, hospitals, prisons, etc. The relation of the Church to volun- tary societies. Young Men's Christian Associations, etc., etc. 3d. The education of the ministry, the policy, constitution and administration of theological seminaries. 4th. Domestic Missions, including aggressive evangeliza- tion, support of the ministry among the poor, Church exten- sion and Church erection. 5th. The relation of the Church to the state, and the true relation of the state to religion, and the actual condition of the common and statute law with relation to Church property, and the action of Church Courts in the exercise of discipline, etc. The obligations of Christian citizenship. The relation of the Church to civilization, to moral reforms, to the arts, sciences, social refinements, etc., etc. 6th. Foreign Missions in all their departments. 26 THEOLOGICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. See \" Lectures on Theological Encyclopaedia and Method- ology,\" by Rev. John M'Clintock, D.D., LL.D., edited by J. T. Short, B.b. ; and \" Bibliotheca Sacra,\" Vol. 1, 1844; \"Theolog- ical Encyclopaedia and Methodology,\" from unpublished lecture of Prof. Tholuck, by Prof E. A. Park.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "3", "sort_key": 3, "group": "Chapter I", "question": "W]icd  is  embraced  under  the  head  of  Historical  Theology?", "answer": "According to the logical evolution of the whole contents of the theological sciences, the Interpretation of the letter of Scripture, and the construction of the entire Sj^stem of related truths and duties revealed therein, must precede the History of the actual development of that revelation in the life and faith of the Church. Just as the fountain must precede the stream which tlows from it. Yet, as a matter of fact, in the actual study of the family of theological sciences. History must precede and lay the foundation for all the rest. History alone gives us the Scriptures in which our revelation is recorded, and the means whereby the several books and their ipsissima verba are critically ascertained. We are indebted to tJie same source for our methods of interpretation, and for their results as illustrated in the body of theological literature accimiulated in the past; also for our creeds and confessions and records of controversies, and hence for the records preserving the gradual evolution of our system of doctrine. In the order of pro- duction and of acquisition History comes first, while in the order of a logical exposition of tlie constituent theological sciences in their relations within the system. History has the honor of crowning the whole series. Historical Theology is divided into Bihlical and Ecclesiastical. The first derived cliiefly from inspired sources, and continuing down to the close of the New Testament canon. The latter beginning where the former ends, and continuing to the pres- ent time. Biblical History is subdivided into — 1st. Old Testament History, including (1) the Patriarchal, (2) Mosaic, and (3) Pro- phetical eras, together with (4) the history of the chosen peo- ple during the interval between the close of the Old and the opening of the New Testament. 2d. New Testament His- tory, including (1) the life of Christ, (2) The founding of the Christian Church by the Apostles down to the end of the first century. With respect to Ecclesiastical History several preliminary departments of study are essential to its prosecution as a science. 1st. Several of the auxiliary sciences already enumerated must be cited as specifically demanded in this connection. HISTORICAL THEOLOGY. 27 These are — (1.) Ancient, Medieeval, and Modern Geography. (2.) Chronology. (3.) The Antiquities of all the peoples embraced in the area through which the Church has at any period ex- tended. (4.) Statistics, exhibiting the actual condition of the world at any particular period. (5. ) The entire course of General History. 2d. The Sources from which Ecclesiastical History is de- rived should be critically investigated. (1.) Monumental sources, such as (a) buildings, (6) inscriptions, (c) coins, etc. (2.) Docu- mental, which are — (a.) Public, such as the Acts of Councils, the briefs, decretals, and bulls of Popes; the archives of govern- ments, and the creeds, confessions, catechisms, and liturgies of the Churches, etc., etc. (&.) Private documents, such as con- temporary literature of all kinds, pamphlets, biographies, annals, and later reports and compilations. 3d. The History of the literature of ecclesiastical history from Eusebius to Neander, Kurtz, and Scliaff. The methods Avhich have been and which should be followed in the arrange- ment of the material of Church History. The actual JMethod always has been and probably always will be a combination of the two natural methods — (o) chrono- logical, and (?>j topical. The fundamental principle upon which, according to Dr. IM'Clintock, the materials of Church History should be ar- ranged, is the distinction between the life and the faith of the Church. The two divisions therefore, are (1) History of the life of the Church, or Church History proper, and (2) History of the thought of the Church, or Doctrine-History. 1st. The History of the Life of the Church deals with per- sons, communities, and events, and shoidd be treated according to the ordinary methods of historical composition. 2d. The History of the Thought of the Church comprises — (1.) Patristics, or the literature of the early Christian Fathers; and Patrology, or a scientific exhibition of their doctrine. These Fathers are grouped under three heads — (a) Apostol- ical, {l)) Ante-Nicene, and (c) Post-Nicene, terminating with Gregory the Great among the Latins, a. d. 604, and with John of Damascus among the Greeks, a. d. 754. This study involves the discussion of (a) the proper use of these Fathers, and their legitimate authority in modern controversies; (6) a full history of their literature, and of the principal editions of their works ; and (c) the meaning, value, and doctrine of each individual Father separately — (2.) Christian Archaeology, which treats of the usage, wor- ship, discipline of the early Church, and the history of Chris- tian worship, art, architecture, poetry, painting, music, etc., etc. 28 THEOLOGICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. (3.) Doctrine-History, or the critical history of the genesis and development of each element of the doctrinal system of the Church, or of any of its historical branches, with an account of all the heretical forms of doctrine from which the truth has been separated, and the history of all the controversies by means of which the elimination has been effected. This will, of course, be accompanied with a critical history of the entire Literature of D(Jctrine-History, of the principles recognized, the methods pursued, and the works produced. (4) Symbolics, which involves — (rt.) The scientific deter- mination of the necessity for and uses of public Creeds and Confessions. (6.) The history of the occasions, of the actual genesis, and subsequent reception, authority, and influence of each one of the Creeds and Confessions of Christendom, (c.) The study of the doctrinal contents of each Creed, and of each group of Creeds separately, and (r/.) Comparative Sym- bolics, or the comparative study of all the Confessions of the Church, and thence a systematic exliibition of all their respect- ive points of agreement and of contrast. M'Clintock's \"Theological Encyclopaedia\"; \"Notes on Ec- clesiastical History,\" by Dr. J. A. Alexander, edited by Dr. S. D. Alexander.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "4", "sort_key": 4, "group": "Chapter II", "question": "Hoio  can  a  \"real\"  definition  of  God  he  constructed?", "answer": "Evidently God can be defined only in so far as he is known to us, and the condition of the possibility of our knowing him 30 THE BEING OF GOD. is the fact that we were created in liis image. Every definition of\" God must assume this fact, that in an essential sense he and his intelligent creatures are beings of the same genus. He is therefore defined by giving his genus and specific difference. Thus he is as to genus, an intelligent personal Spirit. He is, as to his specific difference, as to that which constitutes him God, infinite, eternal, unchangeable in his being, in his wisdom, in his power, in his holiness, and in all perfections consistent with his being.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "5", "sort_key": 5, "group": "Chapter II", "question": "To  lohat  extent  is  the  idea  of  God  dite  to  Tixidition  ?", "answer": "It is evident that the complete idea of God presented in the foregoing definition has been attained only by means of the supernatural revelation recorded in the Christian Scriptures. It is a fact also that the only three Theistic religions which have ever prevailed among men (the Jewish, Mohammedan and Christian) are historically connected with the same revela- tion. It is also, of course, in vain to speculate as to Avhat would be the action of the human mind independent of all inherited habits, and of all traditional opinions. We are en- tirely without experience or testimony as to any kind of knowl- edge attained or judgments formed under such conditions. It is moreover certain that the form in which the theistic concep- tion is realized, and the associations with which it is accom- panied, are determined in the case of each community by the theological traditions they have inherited from their fathers. It IS, on the other hand, indubitably certain that all men under all known, and tlierefore under all truly natural con- ditions, do spontaneously recognize the divine existence as more or less clearly revealed to them in the constitution and conscious experience of their own souls, and in external nature. The theistic conception hence is no more due to authority, as often absurdly charged, than the belief in the subjective reality of spirit or in the objective reality of matter formed under the same educational conditions. The recognition of the self-man- ifest God is spontaneous, and universal, which proves the evi- dence to be clear and everywhere present, and convincing to all normally developed men.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "6", "sort_key": 6, "group": "Chapter II", "question": "Is  the  idea  of  God  innate?     And  is  it  an  intuitive  truth?", "answer": "That depends upon the sense in which the respective terms are taken. It is evident that there are no \"innate\" ideas in the sense that any child was ever born with a conception of the divine being, or any other conception already formed in his mind. It is also certain that the human mind when developed under purely natural conditions, in the absence of all super- IN WHAT SENSE INNATE? 31 natural revelation, can never attain to an adequate conception of the divine nature. On the other hand, however, all' history- proves that the idea of God is innate in the sense that the constitutional faculties of the human soul do, under all natural conditions, secure the spontaneous recognition, more or less clear, of God as tJie ultimate ground of all being, and as the Lord of conscience, self-manifested in the soul and in the world. It is innate in so much as the evidence is as universally present as the light of day, and the process by which it is apprehended is constitutional. If the term \"intuition\" is taken in its strict sense of a direct vision of a truth, seen in its own light to be necessary, by an intellectual act incapable of being resolved into more elementary processes of thought, then the existence of God is not a truth apprehended intuitively by men. The process whereby it is reached, whether spontaneously or by elaborate reasoning, em- braces many indubitable intuitions as elements, but no man apprehends God himself by a direct intuition. Because — (1.) Although the recognition of the divine exist- ence is necessary in the sense that the great majority of men recognize the truth, and are unable to disbelieve it even when they wish, and no one can do so without doing violence to his nature, yet it is not necessar}^ to thought in the sense that the non-existence of God is unthinkable. (2.) Because God mani- fests himself to us not immediately but mediately through his works, and there is always present, at least implicitly, an infer- ence in the act whereby the soul recognizes his presence and action. (3.) The true idea of God is exceedingly complex, and is reached by a complex process, whether spontaneous or not, involving various elements capable of analysis and description. On the other hand it is true that God manifests himself in his working in our souls and in external nature just as the invisible souls of our fellow-men manifest themselves, and we spontaneously recognize him just as we do them. We recog- nize them because (a) we are generically like them, and (5) their attributes are significally expressed in their words and actions. And we recognize God because (a) we have been made in his image, Avliich fact we spontaneously recognize (6) from his self- revelations in consciousness, especially in conscience, and from the characteristics of the external world. \"While the mental process which has been described — the theistic inference — is capable of analysis, it is itself synthetic. The principles on which it depends are so connected that the mind can embrace them all in a single act, and must include and apply them all in the apprehension of God. Will, intel- ligence, conscience, reason, and the ideas which they supply; 32 THE BEING OF GOD. cause, design, goudness, infinity, and the arguments which rest on these ideas — all coalesce into this one grand issue.\" — \"Theism\" by Prof. Flint, pp. 71, 72. 5. If the existence of God is spontaneously recognized hy all men under normcd conditions of consciousness, ivhat is the value of formal arguments to prove that existence ? And lohat are the arguments generally used? 1st. These arguments are of value as analyses and scientific verifications of the mental processes implicitly involved in the spontaneous re cognition of the self-manifestations of God. 2d. They are of i. ^e also for the purpose of vindicating the legitimacy of the :)rocess against the criticisms of skeptics. 3d. Also for the purpose of quickening and confirming the spon- taneous recognition by draAving attention to the extent and variety of the evidence to which it responds. 4th. The vari- ous arguments are convergent rather than consecutive. They do not all establish the same elements of the theistic concep- tion, but each establishes independently its separate element, and thus is of use («) in contributing confirmatory evidence that God is, and (Ij) complementary evidence as to ivhcd God is. They constitute an organic whole, and are the analysis and illustration of the spontaneous act whereby the mass of men have always recognized God. \"Although causality does not involve design, nor design goodness, design involves causality, and goodness both causality and design. The proofs of intelli- gence are also proofs of power; and the proofs of goodness are proofs of both intelligence and power. The principles of reason which compel us to think of the Supreme Moral Intelligence as self-existent, eternal, infinite, and unchangeable Being, supple- ment the proofs from other sources, and give self-consistency and completeness to the doctrine of theism.\" — \"Theism,\" Prof. Flint, pp. 73, 74. The usual arguments will be examined under the following heads : 1st. The Cosmological Argument, or the evidence for God's existence as First Cause. 2d. The Teleological Argument, or the evidence of God's existence aftbrded by the presence of order and adaptation in the universe. 3d. The Moral Argument, or the evidence afforded by the moral consciousness and history of mankind. 4th. The evidence afforded by the phenomena of Scripture and the supernatural history they record. 5th. The A priori Argument, and the testimony afforded by reason to God as the Infinite and Absolute. THE COSMOLOGICAL ARGUM VT. 33 6. State the Cosmological Argument. It may be stated in tlie form of a syllogism, thus — Major Premise. — Every new existence or change in any thing previously existing must have had a cause pre-existing and adequate. 3Iinor Premise. — The universe as a whole and in all its parts is a system of changes. Conclusion. — Hence the universe must have a cause exterior to itself, and the ultimate or absolute caus'^^ must be eternal, uncaused, and unchangeable. 1st. As to the major premise; the caus/l judgment is in- tuitive and absolutel}^ universal and necesl -iry. It has been denied theoretically by some speculators, as Hume and Mill, but it is always used by them and all others in all their rea- soning as to the origin of the world, as well as of all things it contains. The judgment is unavoidable; the opposite is un- thinkable. Something exists now, therefore something must have existed from eternity, and that which has existed from eternity is the cause of that w^iicli exists now. It has been claimed that the causal judgment leads to an infinite regressive series of causes and effects. But this is absurd. (1.) The judgment is not that every thing must have a. cause, but that every new thing or change must have been caused. But that which is eternal and immutable needs no cause. (2.) An infinite series of causes and effects is absurd, for that is only a series of changes, wdiich is precisely that which demands a cause, and all the more imperatively in pro- portion to its length. A real cause, on the other hand, — that in which the causal judgment can alone absolutely rest, — must be neither a change nor a series of changes, but something uncaused, eternal and immutable. As a matter of fact all philosophers and men of science without exception assume the principles asserted. They all postulate an eternal, self-existent, imchangeable cause of the universe, whether a personal spirit, or material atoms, or a substance of wdiich both matter and spirit are modes, or an unconscious intelligent world-soul in union with matter. 2d. As to the minor premise. The fact that the universe as a whole and in all its parts is a system of changes is empha- sized by every principle and lesson of modern science. Every discovery in the fields of geology and astronomy, and all spec- ulation— as the nebular hypothesis and the hypothesis of evolu- tion— embody this principle as their very essence. But John Stuart Mill in his \"Essay on Theism,\" pp. 142, 143, says: \"There is in nature a permanent element, and also a 3J: THE BEING OF GOD. changeable: the changes are always the effects of previous changes; the permanent existences, so far as we know, are not effects at all. . . . There is in every object another and permanent element, viz., the specific elementary substance or substances of which it consists, and their inherent properties. These are not known as beginning to exist; within the range of human knowledge they had no beginning, consequently no cause; though they themselves are causes or concauses of every thing that takes place.\" \" Whenever a physical phenomenon is traced to its cause, that cause when analyzed is found to be a certain quantum of force, combined with certain collocations. The force itself is essentially one and the same, and there exists of it in nature a fixed quantity, which (if the the- ory of the conservation of forces be true) is never increased or diminished. Here then we find in the changes of material nature a permanent element, to all appearance the very one of which we are in quest. This it is apparently to which, if to any thing, we must assign the character of First Cause.\" — \"Essay on Theism,\" pp. 144, 145. We answer — (1.) The existence of \"Energy\" in any of its convertable forms dissociated from matter is absolutely un- thinkable. This is recognized as an unquestionable scientific truth by Stewart and Tait (\" Unseen Universe,\" p. 79). (2.) It is an obvious fact \"that all but an exceedingly small trac- tion of the light and heat of the sun and stars goes out into space, and does not return to them. In the next place the vis- ible motion of the large bodies of the universe is gradually being stopped by something which may be denominated ethe- rial friction,\" and at last they must fall together, and constitute by successive aggregations one mass. \"In fine the degradation of Energy of the visible universe proceeds, 'pari jpassii^ with the aggregation of mass. The very fact, therefore, that the large masses of the visible universe are of finite size, is suffi- cient to assure us that the process can not have been going on forever, or in other words that the visible universe must have had an origin in time\" — since (a) Energy remains aggregated iit finite quantities yet undiftused, and {h) since the matter of the universe still remains in separate masses. Thus the very law o,f the correlation of Energy to which Mill appeals proves, when really tested, that the visible imiverse had a beginning and will have an end. Stewart and Tait (\" Unseen Universe,\" p. 166). (3.) His assumption, also, that the matter of the uni- verse is in its ultimate atoms eternal and unchangeable, is un- proved and contrary to scientific analogy. Clark ]\\Iaxwell (in his address as President of the British Association for Advance- ment of Science, 1870) says: \"The exact equality of each mole- THE TELEOLOGICAL ARGUMENT. 35 cule to all others of the same kind gives it, as Sir John Her- schell has well said, the essential character of a manufactured article, and precludes the idea of its being eternal and self-ex- istent.\" (4.) As a matter of fact all evolution theories as to the genesis of the universe necessarily postulate a commence- ment in time, and a primordial fire-mist. But this fire-mist can not be the First Cause the causal judgment demands, be- cause it is not eternal and immutable. If eternal it would be fully developed. If fully developed it could not develop into the universe. If immutable it could not pass into change. If not immutable it is itself, like the universe which issues from it, a transient condition of matter, like aJl other change de- manding for itself a cause. 7. State the Teleological Argument. Teleology from reAo?, end, and Xoyo'i, discourse, is the sci- ence of final causes, or of purposes or design as exhibited in the adjustments of parts to wholes, of means to ends, of organs to uses in nature. It is also familiarly called the Argument from Design ; and is ultimately based upon the recognition of the operations of an intelligent cause in nature. It may be profit- ably stated in two forms based respectively on the more general and the more special manifestations of that intelligence. First Form. Major Premise. — Universal order and harmony in the conspiring operation of a vast multitude of separate ele- ments can be explained only by the postulate of an intelligent cause. Minor Premise. — The universe as a whole and in all its parts is a fabric of the most complex and symmetrical order. Conclusion. — Therefore the eternal and absolute cause of the universe is an intelligent mind. Second Form. Major Premise. — The adjustment of parts and the adaptation of means to effect an end or purpose can be ex- plained only by reference to a designing intelligence and will. Minor Premise. — The universe is full of such adjustments of parts, and of organisms composed of parts conspiring to efi\"ect an end. Conclusion. — Therefore the First Cause of the universe must be an intelligent mind and wall. These arguments if valid amount to proving that God is an eternal self-existing Person. For the assumption of an un- conscious intelligence, or of an intelligence producing effects without the exercise of will is absurd. These phrases repre- sent no possible ideas. And intelligence and will together constitute personality. As to the first form of the argument it is evident that the 36 THE BEING OF GOD. very fact that science is possible is an indubitable proof that the order of nature is intellectual. Science is a product of the human mind, which is absolutely incapable of passing beyond the laws of its own constitution. Intuitions of reason, logical processes of analysis, inductive or deductive inference, imagi- nation, invention, and all the activities of the soul organize the scientific process. To all this external nature is found perfectly to correspond. Even the most subtle solutions of abstract mathematical and mechanical problems have been subsequently found by experiment to have been anticipated in nature. The laws of nature are expressions of numerical and geometrical harmonies, and are instinct with reason and beauty. Yet these laws although invariable under invariable conditions, are nei- ther eternal nor inherent in the elementary constitution of the universe. The properties of elemental matter are constant, but the laws which organize them are themselves complicated effects resulting from antecedent adjustments of these elements themselves under the categoi'ies of time, place, quantity, and quality. As these adjustments change the laws change. These adjustments, therefore, are the cause of these laws, and the ad- justments themselves must be the product either of chance, which is absurd, or of intelligence, which is certain. This intellectual order of nature is the first necessary postu- late of all science, and it is the essence of all the processes of the universe from the grouping of atoms to the revolution of worlds, from the digestion of a polyp to the functional action of the human brain. As to the second form of this Argument. — The principle of design presupposes the general intellectual order of the uni- verse and her laws, and presents in advance the affirmation that the character of the First Cause is further ma^iifested by the everywhere present evidence that these general laws are made to conspire by special adjustments to the accomplishment of ends evidently intended. This principle is illustrated by the mutual adjustments of the various provinces of nature, and especially by the vegetable and animal organisms, and the re- lations they involve, of organ to organism, of organism to in- stinct, and of single organisms and classes of organisms to each other and to their physical surroundings. In many cases the intention of these special adjustments is self-evident and undeniable, as in the case of the parts of the eye to the pur- pose of vision. In other cases it is more obscure and conject- in-al. In the present condition of science we can understand oidy in part, but froni the beginning the evidence of intel- ligent purpose has been transparent and overwhelming. A single sentence proves intelligence, although the context is OBJECTIONS TO THE TELEOLOGICAL ARGUMENT. 37 undecipherable. But every advance of science discloses the same evidence over wider areas and in clearer light. 8. State and answer the objections to the theistic inference from the evidences of special design. 1st. Hume (\"Dialogues on Natural Religion,\" Pt. VII., etc.,) argues that our conviction that adaptation implies design is due to experience and cannot go beyond it. That our judg- ment that natural organisms imply design in their cause is an inference from the analogy of human contrivance, and its effects. He argues further that this analogy is false because — (1.) The human worker is antecedently known to us as an intelligent contriver, while the author of nature is antecedently unknown, and the very object sought to be verified by the theistic infer- ence. (2.) The processes of nature are all unlike the processes by which man executes his contrivances, and the formation of the world, and the institution of the processes of nature are peculiar effects of the like of which we have no experience. We answer — (1.) The argument rests upon a false assump- tion of fact. The human contriver, the soul of our fellow-man, is not antecedently known to us, nor is ever in any way known except by the character of the works by which he manifests himself And precisely in the same way and to the same ex- tent is the Author of natiue known. (2.) It rests on a false assumption of principle. The analogy of human contrivances is not the ground of our conviction that order and adaptation imply intelligence. It is a universal and necessary judgment of reason that order and adaptation can only spring from an intelhgent cause, or from accident, and that the latter supposi- tion is absurd. 2d. Some men of science, who have become habituated to the consideration of the universe as an absolute unit, all the pro- cesses of w^iich are executed by invariable general laws (a mode of thought in which for centuries science was anticipated by Augustinian Theology), object that in inferring intention from the adjustment of parts in special groups or systems, the natural theologian had mistaken a part for a whole, and an incidental effect of a general law, resulting from special and temporary conditions, for the real end of the law itself They hold that if even the First Cause of the universe were intelli- gent, it were infinitely absurd for men to presume to interpret his purpose from what we see of the special results of the working of laws working from infinite past time, through infi- nite space, and over an infinite system of conspiring parts. We ansiver — (1.) It is self-evident that the relations of the parts of a special whole conspiring to a special end may be 38 THE BEING OF GOD. fully understood, while the relations of that special whole to the general whole may be entirel}' unknown, although strong light is thrown even on this side by reason and revelation. A single bone of an unknown species of animal gives undeniable evidence of special adaptation, and may even, as scientists justly claim, throAv light beyond itself upon the constitution of that otherwise unknown whole to which it belonged. (2.) We con- fess that this criticism, although failing as to the argument from design, has force relatively to the mode iu which that argument has often been conceived. The older natural theolo- gians did often to too great a degree abstra(;t individual or- ganisms from the great dynamic whole of which they are products as well as parts. Dr. Flint (\"Theism,\" p. 159) well distinguishes between the intrioisic, the extrinsic^ and the ulti- mate ends of any special adjustment. Thus the intrinsic end of that special adjustment of parts called the eye is vision. Its extrinsic ends are the uses it serves to the animal it belongs to, and all the uses he serves to all he stands immediately or remotely related to. Its ultimate ei«;l is the end of the uni- verse itself \"Theism,\" p. 163 — \"When we affirm, then, that final causes in the sense of intrinsic ends are in things, we affirm merely that things are systematic unities, the parts of which are definitely related to one another, and co-ordinated to a common issue; and when we affirm that final causes in the sense of extrinsic ends are in things, we affirm merely that things are not isolated and independent systems, but systems definitely related to other systems, and so adjusted as to be parts or components of higher systems, and means to issues more comprehensive than their own.\" It is true indeed that a man can not discern the ultimate end of a part until he discerns the ultimate end of the whole, and that he can not discern all the extrinsic ends of any spe- cial system until he knows all its relations to all other special systems. Nevertheless, as a man who knows nothing of the relation of a given plant or animal to the flora or fauna of a continent, may be absolutely certain of the functions of the root or the claw in the economy of the plant or beast, so the manner in which all the parts which conspire to make a spe- cial whole are adapted to effect that end may be perfectl}' un- derstood, while we know nothing as yet of the extrinsic relation of that special whole to that which is exterior to itself 3d. It has been claimed in recent times by a certain class of scientists that evidence for the existence of God afibrded by the order and adaptation exhibited in the processes of nature has been very much weakened, if not absolutely invalidated, by the assumed probability of the alternative hypothesis of OBJECTIONS TO THE TELEOLOGICAL ARGUMENT. 39 Evolution. There are many theories of Evolution, but the term in the general sense denotes the judgment that the state of the universe as a whole and in all its parts any one moment of time, has its cause in its state the immediately preceding moment, and that these changes have been brought about through the agency of powers inherent in nature, and that they may be traced back from moment to moment without any break of causal continuity through all past time. All possible theories of Evolution, considered in their rela- tion to theology, may be classified thus: (1.) Those which neither deny no^* obscure the evidence which the order and adaptation observed in nature afford to the existence of God, and his immanence in and providential control of his works. (2) Those which, while recognizing God as the original source in the remote past, to which the origination and the primary adjustments of the universe are to be referred, yet deny his immanence and constant providential activity in his works. (3.) Those which professedly or virtually obscure or deny the evidence afforded by the (jwder and adaptation of the universe for the existence and activity of God alike as Creator and as Providential Ruler. With the first class of Evolution theories the Natural Theo- logian has, of course, only the most friendly interest. As to the second class, which admits that a divine intelli- gence contrived and inaugurated the universe at the absolute beginning, yet deny that any such agent is immanent in the universe controlling its processes, we remark — (1.) That the point we have at present to establish is the eternal self-exist- ence of an intelligent First Cause, and not the mode of his relation to the universe. The latter question will be treated in subsequent chapters. (2.) It is far more philosophical, and more in accordance with a true interpretation of the scientifio principle of continuity, to conceive of the First Cause as imma- nent in the universe, and as organically concurring with all unintelligent second causes in all processes exhibiting power or intelligence. This is recognized by that large majority of scientific men who are either orthodox Theists, or who refer all the phenomena of the physical universe to the dynamic ac- tion of the divine will. (3.) The evidence afforded by man's moral consciousness and history and by revelation, to the im- manence and effective agency of God in all his works, is un- answerable. As to the third class of Evolution theories, which do either professedly or virtually obscure or deny the evidence afforded by order or contrivance to an intelligent First Cause of the Universe, as for example the theory of Darwin as to the differ- 40 THE BEING OF GOD. entiation of all organisms through accidental variations occumng through nnlimited time, ave remark — 1st. Every such scheme, when it is proposed as an account of the existing universe, must furnish a probable explanation of all classes of facts. It is notorious that every theory of purely natural Evolution fails utterly to explain the following facts: (1.) The origination of life. It could not have existed in the lire-mist. It could not have been generated by that whicli has no life. The mature decision of science to-day (1878) is expressed in the old axiom onme vivum ex vivo. (2.) The origin of sensation. (3.) Also of intelligence and will. (4). Also of conscience. (5.) The establishment of distinct log- ically corrolated and persistent types of genera and species, maintained by the law of hybridity. (6.) The origin of man. Prof A^irchow of Berlin, in his recent address at the German Association of Naturalists and Physicians at ]\\Iunich, says, \"You are aware that I am now specially engaged in the study of anthropology ; but I am bound to declare that every positive advance which we have made in the province of prehistoric anthropology has actually removed us further from the proof of such connection (i. e., the descent of man from any lower type).\" 2d. But even if continuous evolution could be pi-oved as a fact, the significance of the evidence of intelligent order and contrivance would not be in the least affected. It would only establish a method or system of means, but could in no degree alter the nature of the effect, nor the attributes of tlie real cause disclosed by them. (1.) The laws of abiogenesis, of reproduc- tion, of sexual differentiation and reproduction, of heredity, of variation, such as can evolve sensation, reason, conscience, and will out of atoms and mechanical energy, would all still remain to be accounted for. (2.) Laws are never causes, but always complicated modes of action resulting from the co-action  of innumerable unconscious agents. Instead, therefore, of being explanations they are the very complex effects for which reason demands an intellectual cause. (3.) All physical laws result from the original properties of matter acting under the mutual condition of certain complicated adjustments. Change the ad- justments and the laws change. The laws which execute evo- lution, or rather into which the process of evolution is analyzed, must be referred back to the original adjustments of the ina- terial elements of the fire-mist. These adjustments, in whicli all future order and life is by hypothesis latent, must have been caused by chance or intelligence. Huxley in his \"Criti- cisms on Origin of Species,\" p. 330, founds the whole logic of Evolution on chance thus: It has been \"demonstrated that an THE MORAL ARGUMENT. 41 apparatus tliorouglily well-adapted to a particular purpose, may- be the result of a method of trial and error worked out by un- intelligent agents, as well as of the direct application of the means appropriate to that end by an intelligent agent.\" \"Ac- cording to Teleology, each organism is like a rifle bullet fired straight at a mark; according to Darwin organisms are like grape-shot, of which one hits something and the rest fall wide.\" The modern scientific explanation of the processes of the uni- verse by physical causes alone, to the exclusion of mind, differs from the old long-exploded chance theory, only by the acci- dents (a) of the juggling use of the words \"laws of nature,\" (/;) and the assumption that chance operating through indefi- nate duration can accomplish the work of intelligence. But as no man can believe that any amount of time will explain the form of flint knives and arrow heads, in the absence of human agents, or that any number of throws could cast a font of type into the order of letters in the plays of Shakespeare, so no man can rationally believe that the complicated and significantly intellectual order of the universe sprang from chance. (4.) In artificial breeding man selects. In \"natural selection\" nature selects. Hence, if the results are the most careful adjustments to effect purpose, it follows that that characteristic must be stamped upon the organisms by nature, and hence nature itself must therefore be intelligently directed, either (a) by an intel- ligence immanent in her elements, or in her whole as organized, or (6) by the original adjustment of her machinery by an intel- ligent Creator. 9. State the 3Ioral Argument, or the Evidence afforded by the 3Ioral Consciousness ayid History of mankind. The Cosmological argument led us to an eternal self-existent First Cause. The argument from the order and adaptation dis- covered in the processes of the universe revealed this great First Cause as possessing intelligence and will; that is, as a personal spirit. The moral or anthropological argument fur- nishes new data for inference, at once confirming the former conclusions as to the fact of the existence of a personal intelli- gent First Cause, and at the same time adding to the concep- tion the attributes of holiness, justice, goodness, and truth. The argument from design includes the argument from cause, and the argument from righteousness and benevolence includes both the arguments from cause and from design, and adds to them a new element of its own. This group of arguments may be stated thus: 1st. Consciousness is the fundamental ground of all knowl- edge. It gives us immediately the knowledge of self as exist- 42 THE BEING OF GOD. ing and as the subject of certain attributes, and the agent in certain forms of activity. Tliese souls and all their attributes must be accounted for. They have not existed from eternity. They could not have been evolved out of material elements, because — (1.) Consciousness testilies to their unity, simplicity, and spirituality. (2.) The laws of reason and the moral sense can not be explained as the result of transformed sense impres- sions modified by association derived by heredity (Mill and Spencer) ; for, (a) they are universally the same, ili) incapable of analysis, (c) necessary, and (c/) sovereign over all impulses. Therefore the human soul must have been created, and its Cre- ator must have attributes superior to his work. 2d. Man is essentially and universally a religious being. The sense of absolute dependence and moral accountability is inherent in his nature, universal and necessary. Conscience- always implies responsibility to a sujDerior, in moral authority, and therefore in moral character. It is especially implied in the sense of guilt which accompanies every violation of con- science. God is manifested and recognized in conscience as a holy, righteous, just, and intelligent will; i. e., a holy personal spirit. 3d. The adaptations of nature, as far as we can trace their relations to sentient beings, are characteristically beneficent, and evidence a general purpose to promote happiness, and to gratify a sense of beauty. This implies design, and design of a special esthetic and moral character, and proves that the First Cause is benevolent and a lover of beauty. 4th. The entire history of the human race, as far as known, discloses a moral order and purpose, which cannot be explained by the intelligence or moral purpose of the human agents con- cerned, which discovers an all-embracing unity of plan, com- prehending all peoples and all centuries. The phenomena of social and national life, of ethnological distribution, of the de- velopment and diffusion of civilizations and religions can be explained only by the existence of a wise, righteous, and be- nevolent ruler and educator of mankind. 10. State and answer the objections to the 3Ioral Argument. These objections are founded — 1st. On the mechanical in- variability of natural laws, and their inexorable disregard of the welfare of sentient creatures. 2d. The sufterings of irrational animals. 3d. The prevalence of moral and ph^^'sical evils among men. 4th. The unequal apportionment of providential favors, and the absence of all proportion between the measure of happiness allotted, and the respective moral characters of the recipients. OBJECTIONS TO MORAL ARGUMENT. 43 These difficulties, more or less trying to the faith of all, are the real occasion in the great majority of instances, of skep- tical atheism. John Stewart Mill in his \" Essay on Nature \" (\"Three Essays on Religion \") describes it as the characteristic of \"Nature\" ruthlessly to inflict suffering and death, and affirms that the cause of nature, if a personal will, must be a monster of cruelty and injustice. In his \" Essay on Theism,\" Pt. ii., he argues that the attempt to maintain that the author of nature, such as we know it, is at once omniscient and omnipotent and absolutely just and benevolent is abominably immoral. That he can be excused of cruelty and injustice only on the plea of limited knowledge or power, or both. He sums up his con- clusion from the evidence thus: \"A Being of great but limited power, how or by what limited we cannot even conjecture; of great and perhaps unlimited intelligence, but perhaps also more narrowly limited than his power : who desires and pays some regard to the happiness of his creatures, but who seems to have other motives of action which he cares more for, and who can hardly be supposed to have created the universe for that pur- pose only.\" In his \"Autobiography,\" cli. ii., he says of his fa- ther, James j\\Iill, \"I have heard him say, that the turning point of his mind on the subject was reading Butler's Analogy. That work, of which he always continued to speak with respect, kept him, as he said, for some considerable time, a believer in the divine authority of Christianity ; by proving to him, that what- ever are the difficulties of believing that the Old and New Tes- taments proceed from, or record the acts of, a perfectly wise and good being, the same and still greater difficulties stand in the way of the belief, that a being of such a character can have been the Maker of the universe. He considered Butler's argu- ment as conclusive against the only opponents for whom it was intended. Those who admit an omnipotent as well as perfectly just and benevolent j\\Iaker and Ruler of such a world as this, can say little against Christianity but what can with at least equal force be retorted against themselves. Finding, therefore, no halting place in Deism, he remained in a state of perplexity, until, doubtless after many struggles, he yielded to the conviction, that concerning the origin of things nothing whatever can be known.\" We answer — 1st. It is unquestionably true that God has not created the universe for the single purpose, or even for the chief purpose, of promoting the happiness of his creatures. Our reason and observation, and the Christian Scriptures, unite in revealing as far higher and more worthy ends of divine action the manifestation of his own glory, and the promotion by edu- cation and discipline of the highest excellence of his intelligent 44 THE BEING OF GOD. moral creatures. It is evident that the operation of inexorable general laws, and the mystery and sufferings incident to this life, may be the most effective means to promote those ends. 2d. The direct intention of all the organs with which sensi- tive creatures are endowed is evidently to promote their well- being; pain and misery are incidental. Even the sudden vio- lent deaths of irrational animals probably promote the largest possible amount of sentient happiness. 3d. Conscience has taught men in all ages that the sufferings incident to human life are the direct and deserved consequences of human sin, either penalties, or chastisements benevolently designed for our moral improvement. 4th. The origin of sin is a confessed mystery, relieved however by the consideration, that it results from the abuse of man's highest and most valuable endowment, responsible free agency, and by the tact revealed in the Chris- tian Scriptures that even sin will be divinely overruled to the fuller manifestation of the perfectioiis of God, and to the higher excellence and the more perfect happiness of the intelligent creation. 5th. The inequalities of the allotments of providence, and the disproportion between the well-being and the moral characters of men in this life, results from the fact that it is not the scene of rewards and punishments, and that different characters and different destinies require a different educational discipline, and it points to future readjustments revealed in the Bible (Ps. Ixxiii.). 6th. Neither the teleological nor the moral argument involves the assertion that \"vvith our present knowl- edge we are able to discern in the universe the evidences of either infinite or perfect wisdom or goodness. These are both indicated as matters of fact, and general characteristics of na- ture. But our discernment of both is necessarily limited by the imperfections of our knowledge. Even in the judgment of rea- son alone the infinite probability is that what appears to us anomalous, inconsistent either with perfect wisdom or perfect goodness, will be found, uj^on the attainment of more adequate information on our part, to illustrate those very perfections which we have been tempted to think they obscure. 11. State the Scriptural Evidence. Since man is a finite and guilty and morally corrupt creature it is unavoidable that the self-manifestations of God in nature should be imperfectly apprehended by him. That supernatural revelation which God has disclosed through an historical process of special interventions in chronological suc- cessions, interpreted by a supernaturally endoAved order of prophets, and recorded in the Christian Scriptures, supple- ments the light of nature, explains the mysteries of provi- THE A PRIORI ARGUMENT. 45 dence, and furnishes ns witli the principles of a true theodice. Tlie God whom nature veils while it reveals him, stands before lis unveiled in all the perfection of wisdom, holiness, and love in the person of Christ. He who hath seen Christ hath seen the Father. The truth of Theism is demonstrated in his per- son, and henceforth Avill never be held except by those who loyally acknowledge his Lordship over intellect and conscience and life. 12. State the principle upon luliicli the A priori arguments for the existence of God rest, the value of the prindjjle, and the p)rin- cipal forms in ivhich they have been presented. An a posteriori argument is one which logically ascends from facts of experience to causes, or principles. Thus by means of the preceding arguments we have been led from the facts of consciousness and of external nature to the knowl- edge of God as an intelligent and righteous personal spirit, the powerful, wise, and benevolent First Cause and jNloral Governor. An a pjnori argument is one which proceeds from the necessar}'- ideas of reason to the consequences necessarily deduced from them, or the truths necessarily involved in them. It is certain that the intuitions of necessary truth are the same in all men. 'Hiey are not generalizations from experience, but are presupposed in all experience. They bear the stamp of universality and necessity. They have objective validity, not depending upon the subjective state of personal conscious- ness, nor depending upon the nature of things, but anterior and superior to all things. What then can be the ground of eternal, necessary, universal, unchangeable truth, unless it be an infinite, eternal, self-existent, unchangeable nature, of whose essence they are. We have seen that our reasons can rest only in a cause itself uncaused. An uncaused cause must be eternal, self-ex- istent, and unchangeable. We have in our minds ideas and intuitions of infinity and perfection, as well as of eternity, self- existence, and immutability. \"These, unless they are wholly delusive — which is what we are unable to conceive — must be predicable of some being. The sole question is. Of what being? It must be of him who has been proved to be the First Cause of all things, the source of all the power, wisdom, and good- ness displayed in the universe. It can not be the universe itself, for that has been shown to be but an effect, to have before and behind it a Mind, a Person. It can not be our- selves, or any thing to which our senses can reach, seeing that we and they are finite, contingent, and imperfect. The author of the universe alone — the Father of our spirits, and the Giver 46 THE BEING OF GOD. of every good and perfect gift — can be uncreated, and uncon- ditioned, infinite, and perfect. This completes the idea of God so far as it can be reached or formed by natural reason. And it gives consistency to the idea. The conclusions of the a \"pos- ieriori arguments fail to satisfy either the mind or the heart until they are connected with and supplemented by, the intui- tion of the reason — infinity. The conception of any other than an infinite God — a God unlimited in all his perfections — is a self-contradictory conception which the intelligence refuses to entertain.\"— Dr. Flint, \"Theism,\" p. 291. 1. Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury (1093-1109), in his '\"'■ Monologium and ProsJogimn\" states the argument thus: We have the idea of an infinitely perfect being. But real exist- ence is a necessary element of infinite perfection. Therefore an infinitely perfect being exists, otherwise the infinitely per- fect as we conceive it would lack an essential element of perfection. 2. Des Cartes (1596-1650) in his ^^ IlecUiationcs de prima pMIosophia\" prop. 2, p. 89, states it thus: The idea of an infinitely perfect being which we possess could not have orig- inated in a finite source, and therefore must have been commu- nicated to us by an infinitely perfect being. He also in other connections claims that this idea represents an objective reality, because (1) it is pre-eminently clear, and ideas carry convic- tion of correspondence to truth in proportion to their clearness, and (2) it is necessary. 3. Dr. Samuel Clarke, in 1705, published his \"Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God.\" He argues that time and space are infinite and necessarily existent. But they are not substances. Therefore there must exist an eternal infinite substance of which they are properties. The Principal Anti-Theistic Theories.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "7", "sort_key": 7, "group": "Chapter II", "question": "What  is  Atheism  ?", "answer": "Atheism, according to its etymology, signifies a denial of the being of God. It was applied by the ancient Greeks to Socrates and other philosophers, to indicate that they failed to conform to the popular religion. In the same sense it was applied to the early Christians. Since the usage of the term Theism has been definitely fixed in all modern languages, athe- ism necessarily stands for the denial of the existence of a per- sonal -Creator and jMoral Governor. Notwithstanding that the belief in a personal God is the result of a spontaneous recog- nition of God as manifesting himself in consciousness and the works of nature, atheism is still possible as an abnormal state of consciousness induced by sophistical speculation or by the indulgence of sinful passions, precisely as subjective idealism is ANTI-THEISTIC THEORIES. 47 possible. It exists in the following forms: 1. Practical, 2. Spec- ulative. Again Speculative Atheism may be (1) Dogmatic, as Avhen the conclusion is reached either (a) that God does not exist, or (IS) that the human faculties are positively incapable of ascertaining or of verifying his existence (e. ^., Herbert Spencer, \"First Principles,\" pt. 1). (2.) Skeptical, as when the existence is simply doubted, and the conclusiveness of the evi- dence generally relied upon is denied. (3.) Virtual, as when (ffl.) principles are maintained essentially inconsistent with the existence of God, or with the possibility of our knowledge of him : e. (/., by materialists, positivists, absolute idealists. (&.) When some of the essential attributes of the divine nature are denied, as by Pantheists, and by J. S. Mill in his \" Essays on Eeligion.\" (c.) When explanations of the universe are given which exclude (a^) the agency of an intelligent Creator and Governor, (6') the moral government of God, and the moral freedom of man, e. g., the theories of Darwin and Spencer, and Necessitarians generally. See Ulrici, \"God and Nature\" and \"Eeview of Strauss\"; Strauss, \"Old and New\"; Buchanan, \" Modern Atheism \" ; Tulloch, \"Theism\"; Flint, \"Theism.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "8", "sort_key": 8, "group": "Chapter II", "question": "What  is  Dualism  ?", "answer": "Dualism, in philosophy the opposite of Monism, is the doc- trine that there are two generically distinct essences. Matter and Spirit in the universe. In this sense the common doctrine of Christendom is dualistic. All the ancient pagan philosophers held the eternal independent existence of matter, and conse- quently all among them who were also Theists were strictly cosmological dualists. The religion of Zoroaster was a my- thological dualism designed to account for the existence of evil. Ormuzd and Ahriman, the personal principles of good and evil, sprang from a supreme abstract divinity, Akerenes. Some of the sects of this religion held dualism in its absolute form, and referred all evil to vXr/, self-existent matter. This principle dominated among the various spurious Christian Gnostic sects in the second century, and in the system of Manes in the third century, and its prevalence in the oriental world is manifested in the ascetic tendency of the early Chris- tian Church. See J. F. Clarke, \"Ten Religions\"; Hardwicke, \"Christ and other Masters\"; Neander's \" Chiu-ch History\"; Pressense, \" Early Years of Christianity\"; Tennemann, \"J\\lan- ual Hist. Philos.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "9", "sort_key": 9, "group": "Chapter II", "question": "What  is  Polytheism?", "answer": "Polytheism (*oAu5 and Qsoi) distributes the perfectioms and functions of the infinite God among many limited gods. It 48 THE BEING OF GOD. sprang out of the nature-worship represented in the earliest Hindu Veds, so soon and so generally supplanting primitive monotheism. At first, as it long remained in Chaldea and Arabia, it consisted in the worship of elements, especially of the stars and of fire. Subsequently it took special forms from the traditions, the genius, and the relative civilizations of each nationality. Among the rudest savages it sank to Fetichism as in western and central Africa. Among the Greeks it was made the vehicle for the expression of their refined humanita- rianism in the apotheosis of heroic men rather than the revela- tion of incarnate gods. In India, springing from a pantheistic philosophy, it has been carried to the most extravagant ex- treme, both in respect to the number, and the character of its deities. Whenever polytheism has been connected with spec- ulation it appears as the exoteric counterpart of pantheism. Carlyle, \"Hero-worship\"; Max Mi!dler, \" Compar. Myth.,\" in Oxford Essays; Prof Tyler, \"Theology of Greek Poets.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "10", "sort_key": 10, "group": "Chapter II", "question": "Wliat  is  Deism?", "answer": "Deism, from deMs, although etymologically synonymous with theism, from Oeo?, has been distinguished from it since the mid- dle of the sixteenth century, and designates a system admitting the existence of a personal Creator, but denying his controlling presence in the world, his immediate moral government, and all supernatural intervention and revelation. The movement began with the English Deists, Lord Herbert of Cherbury ,(1581-1648), Hobbes (flGSO), Shaftesbury, Bolingbroke (1678- 1751), Thomas Paine (tl809), etc. It passed over to France and was represented by Voltaire and the Encyclopedists. It passed over into Germany and was represented by Lessing and Reimarus {''Wolfenhuttel Fragmentist\"), and invading Church and Theology, it was essentially represented by the old school of naturalistic rationalists, who admitted with it a low and inconsequent form of Socinianism, e. g., Eichhorn (1752-1827), Paulus (1761-1851), Wegscheider (1771-1848). It has been represented in America by the late Theodore Parker, and the extreme left of the party known as \" Liberal Christians.\" In Germany mere deistical naturalism gave way to pantheism, as the latter has recently given way to materialistic atheism, e.g., Strauss. See Leland, \"View of Deistical Writers\"; Van ]\\lildert's \"Boyle Lectures\"; Farrar, \"Critical Hist, of Free- thought\"; Dorner, \"Hist. Protest. Theology\"; Hurst, \"Hist, of Rationalism\"; Butler's \"Analogy.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "11", "sort_key": 11, "group": "Chapter II", "question": "What  is  Idealism?", "answer": "\" Idealism is the doctrine that in external perceptions the ANTI-THEISTIC THEORIES. 49 objects immediately known are ideas. It has been held vmder various forms.\" — See Hamilton's \" Reid,\" Note C. \"Some of the phases of modern Idealism among the Ger- mans, may be seen in the following passage from Lewes : — ' I see a tree. The common psychologists tell me that there are three things implied in this one fact of vision, viz. : a tree, an image of that tree, and a mind that apprehends that image. Fichte tells me that it is I alone who exist. The tree and the image of it are one thing, and that is a modification of my mind. This is subjective idealism. Schelling tells me that both the tree and my ego (or self), are existences equally real or ideal; but they are nothing less than manifestations of the absolute, the infinite, or unconditioned. This is objective ideal- ism. But Hegel tells me that all these explanations are false. The only thing really existing (in this one fact of vision) is the idea, the relation. The ego and the tree are but two terms of the relation, and owe their reality to it. This is absolute idealism. According to this, there is neither mind nor matter, heaven or earth, God or man.' The doctrine opposed to Ideal- ism is Realism.\" — \"Vocabulary of the Philosophical Sciences,\" by C. P. Krauth, D.D., 1878.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "12", "sort_key": 12, "group": "Chapter II", "question": "What  is  Materialism  ?", "answer": "As soon as we begin to reflect we become conscious of the presence of two everywhere interlaced, but always distinct classes of phenomena — of thought, feeling, will on the one hand, and of extension, inertia, etc., on the other. Analyze these as we may, we never can resolve the one into the other. The one class we come to know through consciousness, the other through sensation, and we know the one as directly and as certainly as the other; and as we can never resolve either into the other, we refer the one class to a substance called spirit, and the other class to a substance called matter. Materialists are a set of superficial philosophers in whom the moral consciousness is not vivid, and who have formed the habit of exclusively directing attention to the objects of the senses, and explaining physical phenomena by mechanical con- ceptions. Hence they fall into the fundamental error of affirm- ing— (1.) That there is but one substance, or rather that all the phenomena of the universe can be explained in terms of atoms and force. (2.) That intelligence, feeling, conscience, volition, etc., are only properties of matter, or functions of material organization, or modifications of convertible energy. Intelli- gence did not precede and effect order and organization, but order and organization developed by laws inherent in matter develop intelligence. The German Darwinists style that system 50 THE BEING OF GOD. the ^^ mecJianico-caKsal\" development of the universe; Huxley says Hfe, and hence organization results from the \"molecular mechanics of the protoplasm.\" We answer — 1st. This is no recondite theory, as some pre- tend, concerning substance. If the phenomena of conscious- ness ai-e resolved into modifications of matter and force, i e., ultimately into some mode of motion, then all ultimate and necessary truth is impossible, duty has no absolute obligation, coirecience is a lie, consciousness a delusion, and freedom of will absurd. All truth and duty, all honor and hope, all mo- rality and religion, would be dissolved. 2d. The theory is one-sided and unwarrantable. In fact our knowledge of the soul and of its intuitions and powers are more direct and clear than the scientist's knowledge of matter. What does he know of the real nature of the atom, of force, of gravity, etc. 3d. The explanation of matter by mind, of force and order by intelligence and will, is rational. But the explanation of the phenomena of intelligence, will, and consciousness as modes of matter or force is absurd. The reason can rest in the one and can not in the other. The soul of man is known to be an absolute cause — matter is known not to be, to be but the vehi- cle of force, and force to be in a process of dispersion. Intelli- gence is known to be the cause of order and organization, organization can not be conceived to be the cause of intelligence. Tyndal (\"Athenaeum\" for August 29, 1868) says: \"The passage from the physics of the brain to the corresponding facts of consciousness is unthinkable. Granted that a definite thought and a definite molecular action in the brain occur simultaneously: we do not possess the intellectual organ, nor apparently any rudiment of the organ, which would enable us to pass, by a process of reasoning, from the one phenomenon to the other. ... In affirming that the growth of the body is mechanical, and that thought as exercised by us has its correlative in the physics of the brain, I thiidc the position of the Materialist is stated as far as that position is a tenable one. I think the jMaterialist will be able finally to maintain this posi- tion against all attacks; but I do not think as the human mind is at present constituted, that he can pass beyond it. I do not think he is entitled to say that his molecular grouping and his molecular motions explain every thing. In reality they explain nothing.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "13", "sort_key": 13, "group": "Chapter II", "question": "What  is  Pantheism?", "answer": "Pantheism (Tcav Os6i) is absolute monism, maintaining that the entire phenomenal universe is the everchanging existence- ANTI-THEISTIC THEORIES. 51 form of the one single universal substance, which is God. Thus God is all, and all is God. God is r6 ov, absolute being, of which every finite thing is \"a differentiated and transient ibrm. This doctrine is, of course, capable of assuming very various forms. (1.) The one-substance pantheism of Spinoza. He held that God is the one absolute substance of all things, possessing two attributes, thought and extension, from which respectively the physical and intellectual worlds proceed by an eternal, nec- essary, and unconscious evolution. (\"2.) The material panthe- ism of Strauss, \"Old and New Faith.' (3.) The idealistic pan- theism of Schelling, maintaining the absolute identity of subject and object ; and of Hegel, maintaining the absolute identity of thought and existence as determinations of the one absolute Spirit. It is obvious that pantheism in all its forms must either deny the moral personality of God, or that of man, or both. Logically it renders both impossible. God comes to self-con- sciousness only in man ; the consciousness of free personal self- determination in man is a delusion ; moral responsibility is a prejudice; the supernatural is impossible and religion is super- stition. Yet such is the flexibility of the system, that in one form it puts on a mystical guise, representing God as the all- person absorbing the world into himself, and in the opposite form it puts on a purely naturalistic guise, representing the world as absorbing God, and the human race in its ever-cul- minating development the only object of reverence or devotion. The same Spinoza who was declared by Pascal and Bossuet to be an atheist, is represented by Jacobi and Schleiermacher to be the most devout of mystics. The intense individuality of the material science of this century has reacted powerfully on pantheism, substituting materialism for idealism, retiring God, and elevating man, as is seen in the recent degradation of pan- theism into atheism in the case of Feuerbach and Strauss, etc. The most ancient, persistent, and prevalent pantheism of the world's history is that of India. As a religion it has moulded the character, customs, and mythologies of the people for 4,000 years. As a philosophy it has appeared in three prin- cipal forms — the Sanckhya, the Nyaya, and the Vedanta. Pan- theistic modes of thought more or less underlay all forms of Greek philosophy, and especially the Neo- Platonic school of Plotinus (1205-270), Porphyry (233-305), and Jamblicus (t333). It reappeared in John Scotus Erigena (b. 800), and with the Neo- Platonists of the Renaissance — e. (/., Giordano Bruno (flGOO). Modern pantheism began with Benedict Spinoza (1632-1677), and closes with the disciples of Schelling and Hegel. Besides pure pantheism there has existed an infinite variety 52 THE BEING OF GOD. of impure forms of virtual pantheism. This is true of all sys- tems that affirm the impersonality of the infinite and absolute, and which resolve all the divine attributes into modes of caus- ality. The same is true of all systems which represent provi- dential preservation as a continual creation, deny the real effi- ciency of second causes, and make God the only agent in the universe, e. (7., Edwards on \"Original Sin,\" pt. 4, ch. 3, and Emmons. Under the same general category falls the fanciful doctrine of Emanations, which was the chief feature of Oriental Theosophies, and the Hylozoism of Averroes (tll98), which sup- poses the co-eternity of matter and of an unconscious plastic animamundi. See Hunt, \"Essay on Pantheism,\" London, 1866; Saisset, \"Modern Pantheism,\" Edinburgh, 1863; Cousin, ^'His- tory of ]\\Iodern Philosophy\"; Eitter's \"Hist. Ancient Philos.\"; Buchanan, \"Faith in God,\" etc.; Dollinger, \"Gentile and Jew,\" London, 1863; Max Miiller, \"Hist. Anc. Sancrit Lit.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "14", "sort_key": 14, "group": "Chapter III", "question": "What  is  Rationalism  ?", "answer": "A \" Naturalist \" is one who holds that Nature is a complete self-contained, self-supported sphere in itself, and hence denies either the reality of the supernatural, or that it can be an object of Imman knowledge; and hence denies the necessity, or possibility, or actual fact, of a supernatural revelation. Tlie term \"Rationalist\" is more general. It includes the Naturalist of every grade, and also all those who while admitting the fact of a divine revelation, yet maintain that revelation, its doc- trines and records, are all to be measured and accredited or rejected and interpreted by human reason as ultimate arbiter. With the Rationalists Reason is the ultimate ground and meas- ure of faith. ' rffits historical sense Rationalism, as a mode of freethink- ing springing up in the midst of the Christian Church itself, giving rise to an illegitimate use of reason in the interpretation of the Scriptures and their doctrines, has always been active in RA TIONALISM. 57 some form, and in one degree or another, and has been signally manifest in a class of the Mediseval schoolmen, and in the disci- ples of Socinns. Its modern and most extreme form originated in Germany in the middle of the last century. The causes to which it is to be attributed were — (a.) The low state of religion pervading all Protestant countries. (&.) The influence of the formal philosophy and dogmatism of Wolf, the disciple of Leib- nitz, (c.) The influence of the English Deists, (r/.) The influ- ence of the French infidels collected at the court of Frederick the Great of Prussia. The father of critical rationalism was Sem- ler, Prof, at Halle (b. 1725, and d. 1791). Although personally devout, he arbitrarily examined the canonicity of the books of Scripture, neglecting historical evidence, and substituting his own subjective sense of fitness. He introduced the principle of \" accommodation \" into Biblical interpretation, holding that be- sides much positive truth, Christ and his apostles taught many things in \" accommodation \" to the ideas prevailing among their contemporaries. — Hurst, \" History of Rationalism.\" This tendency, afterwards greatly aggravated through the influence of Lessing and Reimarus the Wolfenbuttel Fragment- ist, penetrated the mass of German theological literature, and culminated in the last years of the eighteenth and first years of the nineteenth century. Among its principal representa- tives were Bretschneider, Eichhorn, and Paulus in Biblical, and Wegscheider in dogmatic theology. The two last espe- cially, while admitting the fact that Christianity is a supernat- ural revelation, yet maintained that it is merely a republication of the elements of natural religion, and that Reason is the supreme arbiter as to what books are to be received as ca- nonical, and as to what they mean. Miracles were regarded as unworthy of belief The narratives of miracles recorded in the Scriptures were referred to the ignorance, superstition, or partiality of the writers, and the miracles themselves were referred to natural causes. Jesus was regarded as a good man, and original Christianity as a sort of philosophical So- cinianism. This is what has been historically designated in Germany by the title Rationalism, and more specifically as the Mationalismus Vulgaris, the old, or common-sense Rationalism. After the rise of the philosophies of Fichte, Schelling and Hegel, a new impulse was given to theological speculation, and to Biblical interpretation. This gave rise on the one hand to a reaction towards orthodoxy through the \" Mediation Theo- logy \" of Schleiermacher, and on the other to a new school of Transcendental Rationalism, the basis of Avhich is a pantheistic mode of thought. It necessarily denies the supernatural, and postulates the fundamental principle that miracles are impos- 58 THE SOURCES OF THEOLOGY. sible. This school, whose head-qnarters was Tubingen, has been most prominently represented by Christian Banr with his Ten- dency Theory, Strauss with his Mythical theory, and Renan Avith liis Legendary theory, to accoiint for the origin of the New Testament writings, while denying their historical basis of fact. This tendency, in various degrees of force, is manifested in the state of theological opinion in England and America, prin- cipally in the School of Coleridge, Maurice, Stanley, Jowett and Williams, and the Broad Church party generally; in Scot- land in Tulloch ; in America by the late Theodore Parker, the school of liberal Christians, and in the general relaxation of faith discernible on every side. \"German nationalism,\" Ilagenbach, Clarke Edinburg Li- brary; \"History of German Protestantism,\" Kahnis, Clarke Ed. Lib. ; \" Critical History of Free Thought,\" A. S. Farrar, New York, D. Appleton & Co. ; \" Germany, its Universities, Theo- logy, and Religion,\" Philip Schaff, D.D. ; \"History of Rational- ism,\" President Hurst, C. Scribner, New York. 6. Into what two classes may all the argumentative grounds of opposition to historical Christianity he grouped? 1st. A priori grounds. These rest upon a false view of the being and nature of God, and of his relation to the world. Thus the Positivist, who confines man's knowledge to Phe- nomena, and their laws of co-existence and sequence; the Deist, who denies the immanence of God in his works, and denies or renders remote and obscure his relation to us as floral Governor, and spiritual Father ; and the Pantheist, who denies his person- ality; and the scientific natm'alist, who sees in nature only the operation of invariable self-executing physical laws; — must all alike deny the possibility and credibility of miracles, must resolve inspiration into genius, and in some wa}^ or other explain away the Scriptures, as historical records of fact. This class of questions has been discussed above. Chapter II. 2d. Historical and Critical grounds. These all rest on the assumed defect in the historical evidence for the genuineness and authenticity of the several books of the canon, and in the alleged discrepancies, and historical and scientific inaccuracies, found in Scripture. This class of questions must be met in the departments of Biblical Introduction, and Exegesis. 7. State the grounds vpon ivhicli it is evident that Reason is not the ultimate source and measure of religious ideas. These are in general three: (1.) A priori. Reason, consid- A SUPERNATURAL REVELATION NECESSARY. 59 ering man's present condition of ignorance, moral degradation, and gnilt, has no qualities which render it competent to attain either (a) certainty or (/>) sufficient information for man's prac- tical guidance, as to God's existence, or character, or relation to us, or purposes with regard to us. (2.) From imiversal ex- perience; unassisted reason has never availed for these ends, but wdien unduly relied upon has always led men, in spite of a neglected revelation, to skepticism and confusion. (3.) As a matter of fact an infallible record of a supernatural revelation has been given, which conveys, when interpreted with the ilhi- minating assistance of the Holy Spirit, information, the knowl- edge of which is essential to salvation, which reason could by no means have anticipated. To establish this argument the following points must be separately established in their order: Ist. A supernatural revelation is necessary for man in his present condition. 2d. A supernatural revelation is possible alike d parte Dei and d parte hominis. 3d. From what Natural Theology reveals to us of the Attri- butes of God, of his relations to men, and of our moral con- dition, a supernatural revelation is antecedently probable. 4th. It is an historical fact that Christianity is such a super- natural revelation. 5th. It is also an historical fact that the present Canon of the Old and New Testaments consist only of and contain all the extant authentic and genuine records of that revelation. 6th. That the books constituting this canon were super- naturally inspired, so as to be constituted the word of God, and an infallible and authoritative rule of faith and practice for men. .8/ Prove that a supernatural revelation is necessary for men in tJieir j^rese^it condition. 1st. Reason itself teaches — (1) that as a matter of fact man's moral nature is disordered, and (2) his relations to God dis- turbed by guilt and alienation. Reason is capable of discov- ering the fact of sin, but makes no suggestions as to its remedy. We can determine a ptriori God's determination to punish sin, because that as a matter of Justice rests on his unchangeable and necessary nature, but can so determine nothing with respect to his disposition to provide, or to allow a remedy, because that, as a matter of grace, rests on his simple volition. 2d. A spontaneous religious yearning, natural and universal, for a divine self-revelation and intervention on the part of God, and manifest in all human history, proves its necessity. 60 THE SOURCES OF THEOLOGY. 3d. Reason has never in the case of any historical commu- nity availed to lead men to certainty, to satisfy their wants, or to rule their lives. 4th. Rationalism is strong only for attack and destruction. It has never availed in any considerable degree in the way of positive construction. No two prominent Rationalists agree as to wliat the positive and certain results of the teaching of rea- son are. 9. Prove that a supernatural revelation is possible both a j)arte Dei, and a parte hominis. As to its being possible on God's side, if Theism be true, if God be an infinite extramundane person, who yet controls the operation of the laws he has ordaii>ed as his own methods, and has subordinated the physical system to tlie higher interests of his moral government — then obviously to limit him as to the manner, character, or extent of his self-manifestations to his creatures is transcendently absurd. All the philosophical pre- sumptions, which render a supernatural revelation on the part of God impossible, are based on Deistic, Materialistic, or Pan- theistic principles. We have exhibited the argument for The- ism in Chapter II. As to its being possible on man's side, it has been argued by modern transcendental rationalists that the communication of new truth by means of a \"book revelation\" is impossible. That words are conventional signs which have power to excite in the mind only those ideas which, having been previously apprehended, have been conventionally associated with those words. We answer — 1st. We admit that simple ultimate ideas which admit of no analysis, must in the first instance be appre- hended by an appropriate organ in an act of spontaneous intu- ition. No man can attain the idea of color except through the act of his own eyes, nor the idea of right except by an intuitive act of his own moral sense. But, 2d, the Christian revelation involves no new simple ultimate ideas incapable of analysis. They presuppose and involve the matter of all such natviral intuitions, and they excite the rational and moral intuitions to a more active and normal exercise by association with new aspects of our divine relations, but for the most part they nar- rate objective and concrete facts, they explain the application of intuitive principles to our actual historical condition and relations; they state the purposes, requirements, and promises of God. But, 3d, even new simple ideas may be excited in the mind by means of a supernatural inward spiritual illumination acting on the minds of the subject of religious experience. The A SUPERNATURAL REVELATION PROBABLE. Gl work of the Holy Spirit accompanying the written word com- pletes the revelation. An experienced Christian, under the teaching of\" the Holy Spirit through the word, has as clear and certain a knowledge of the matter involved in his new expe- rience, as he has of the matter of his perceptions through his bodily senses, 10. Shoio from the data of Natural Theology that in the pres- ent state of human nature a supernatural revelation is antecedently probable. As shown in Chapt. H., Natural Theology ascertains for us an infinite, eternal, wise, and absolutely righteous and benevo- lent personal God. It ascertains also that man created in the divine image is morally corrupt and judicially condemned. It reveals to us man needing divine help, yearning and hoping for it, and therefore not incapable of it, as are the finally lost demons. Therefore all the perfections of God, and all the mis- eries of men, lead to the rational hope that at some time and in some way God may be graciously disposed to intervene super- naturally for man's help, and reveal his character and purposes more fully for man's guidance. 11. Hoiv may it he jyroved that it is an historical fact that Chris- tianity is such a supernatural revelation? The reader must here be referred to the many and excellent treatises on the Evidences of Christianity. Paley's, Chalmers', Erskine's, and Alexander's works on the Evidences; A. S. Farrar's \"Critical History of Free Thought'*; Hopkins's \"Evidences of Christianity\"; Barnes's \"Evidences of Christianity in the Nineteenth Century\"; G. Wardlaw's \"Lead- ing Evidences of Christianity\"; Hetherington's \"Apologetics of the Christian Faith \" ; Leathes's \" Grounds of Christian Hope\"; Row's \"Supernatural in the New Testament\"; Rogers's \" Superhuman Origin of the Bible \" ; Christlieb's \" Modern Doubt and Cln-istian Belief\"; Rawlinson's \"Historical Evi- dence of the Truth of the Scripture Records\"; Wace's \"Chris- tianity and Morality\"; Titcomb's \"Cautions for Doubters\"; Pearson's \"Prize Essay on Infidelity\"; F. W. Farrar's \"Wit- ness of History to Christ.\" 12. Hoiu cart, it he proved that the accepted Canon of the Old and New Testament consists ordy of, and contains all the authentic a7id genuine records of tJie Christian Revelation ? Here also the reader must be referred to the best treatises on the Canon of holy Scriptures. B. F. Westcott, on \" The Canon \" and on \"Introduction to the Study of the Gospels\"; Tischen- 62 THE SOURCES OF THEOLOGY. dorf, \"When were our Goppels composed?\" E. Cone Bissell, \"Historic Origin of the Bible\"; Prof. Georg'e P. Fisher, \"The Supernatural Origin of Christianity,\" and \" The Beginnings of Christianity.\" 13. What is the Nature and Extent of the Inspiration of the Christian Scriptures ? See below. Chapter IV. 14. What is the legitimate office of Reason in the sphere of Religion ? 1st. Keason is the primary revelation God has made to man, necessarily presupposed in every subsequent revelation of whatever kind. 2d. Hence Eeason, including the moral and emotional nature, and experience, must be the organ by means of which alone all subsequent revelations can be appre- hended and received. A revelation addressed to the irrational would be as inconsequent as light to the blind. This is the usus organicus of reason. 3d. Hence no subsequent revelation can contradict reason acting legitimately within its own sphere. For then (1) God would contradict himself, and (2) faith would be impossible. To believe is to assent to a thing as true, but to see that it contradicts reason, is to see that it is not true. Hence the Keason has the office in judging the Evidences or in interpreting the Records of a supernatural revelation, of exercising the judicium contradictionis. Reason has therefore to determine two questions: 1st. Does God speak? 2d. What does God say? This, however, requires («) the co-operation of all the faculties of knowing, moral as well as purely intellec- tual, {])) a modest and teachable spirit, (c) perfect candor and loyalty to truth, {d) willingness to put all known truth to pi'actice, (e) the illumination and assistance of the promised Spirit of truth. This is the old distinction between what is contrary to reason, and what is above it. It is evident that it is the height of absurdity for reason to object to an otherwise ac- credited revelation that its teaching is incomprehensible, or that it involves elements apparently irreconcilable with other truths. Because; — (1.) This presumes that human reason is the highest form of intelligence, which is absurd. (2.\") In no other department do men limit tlicir faith by their ability to under- stand. What do men of science understand as to the ultimate nature of atoms, of inertia, of gravity, of force, of life ? They are every moment forced to assume the truth of the impossible, and acknowledge the inexplicability of the certain. All speculative infidelity springs out of the insane pride of RELATION OF PHILOSOPHY TO THEOLOGY. 63 the human mind, the insatiate rage for explanation, and, above all, for the resolution of all knowledge to apparent logical unity. Common sense, and the habit of reducing opinions to actual practice, leads to health of mind and body, and to religious faith.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "15", "sort_key": 15, "group": "Chapter III", "question": "Wlmt  is  Philosopluj,  and  ivhat  is  its  relation  to  Theology  ?", "answer": "Philosophy, in its wide sense, embraces all human knowl- edge, acquired through the use of man's natural faculties, and consists of that knowledge interpreted and sytematized by the reason. Science is more specific, relating to some special department of knowledge thoroughly reduced to system. In later days the word Science is becoming more and more defi- nitely appropriated to the knowledge of the physical phenomena of the universe. In this sense Science has for its task the de- termination of phenomena in their classifications of likeness and unlikeness, and their laws or. order of co-existence and succession, and does not inquire into substance, or cause, or purpose, etc. Philosophy is presupposed, therefore, in science as the first and most general knowledge. It inquires into the soul and the laws of thought, into intuition and ultimate truth, into substance and real being, into absolute cause, the ultimate nature of force and will, into conscience and duty. As to its relations to Theology it will be observed — 1st. The first principles of a true philosophy are presupposed in all theology, natural and revealed. 2d. The Holy Scriptures, although not designed primarily to teach philosophy, yet necessarily presuppose and involve the fundamental principles of a true philosophy. Not the infer- ences of these principles drawer out into a system, but the principles themselves, as to substance and cause, as to con- science and right, etc. 3d. The philosophy prevalent in every age has always and will necessarily react upon the interpretation of Scripture and the formation of theological systems. This has been true as to the early Platonism, and the Neo-Platonism of the second age; as to the Aristotelian philosophy of the middle ages; as to the systems of Des Cartes and Leibnitz; of Kant, Fichte, Schelhng, and Hegel on the continent, and the systems of Locke, Reid, Coleridge, etc., in Britain. 4th. The devout believer, however, who is assured that the Bible is the very word of God, can never allo^y his philosophy, derived from human sources, to dominate his interpretation of the Bible, but will seek with a docile spirit and with the assistance of the Holy Spirit, to bring his own philosophy into perfect harmony with that which is implicitly contained in 64 THE SOURCES OF THEOLOGY, the word. He will, by all means, seek to realize a philosophy which proves itself to be the genuine and natural handmaid of the religion which the word reveals. All human thought, and all human life, is one. If therefore God speaks for any purpose, his word must be supreme, and in so far as it has any bearing on any department of human opinion or action, it must therein be received as the most certain informant and the highest Law. The various departments of Christian Theology have been ennumerated in Chapter I.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "16", "sort_key": 16, "group": "Chapter IV", "question": "What  is  meant  by  ^'■plenary  inspiration\"  ?", "answer": "A divine influence full and sufficient to secure its end. The end in this case secm-ed is the perfect infallibility of the Script- ures in every part, as a record of f;ict and doctrine both in thouglit and*^ verbal expression. f So that although they come to us through the instrumentality of the minds, hearts, imagi- nations, consciences, and wills of men, they are nevertheless in the strictest sense the word of God. 4. What is meant by the phrase \" verbal inspiration\" and hoio can it be proved that the loords of the Bible icere inspired ? It is meant that the divine influence, of whatever kind it may have been, which accompanied the sacred writers in Avhat they wrote, extends to their expression of their thoughts in language, as well as to the thoughts themselves. The eff'ect THE CHURCH DOCTRINE. 67 being that in the original autograph copies the language ex- presses the thought God intended to convey with infallible accurac}', so that the words as well as the thoughts are God's revelation to ns. That this influence did extend to the words appears — 1st, from the very design of inspiration, which is, not to secure the infallible correctness of the opinions of the inspired men them- selves (Paul and Peter differed, Gal. ii. 11, and sometimes the prophet knew not what he wrote), but to secure an infalliblef' record of the truth. But a record consists of language. ^-^^^ 2d. J\\Ien think in words, and the more definitely they think the more are their thoughts immediately associated with an exactly appropriate verbal expression. Infallibility of thought can not be secured or preserved independently of an infalhble verbal rendering. 3d. The Scriptures affirm this fact, 1 Cor. ii. 13 ; 1 Thess. ii. 13. 4th. The New Testament writers, while quoting from the Old Testament for purposes of argument, often base their argu- ment upon the very words used, thus ascribing authority to the word as well as the thought. — ]\\Iatt. xxii. 32, and Ex. iii. 6, 16; ]\\Iatt. xxii. 45, and Psalms ex. 1; Gal. iii. 16, and Gen. xvii. 7. 5. By lohat means does the Church hold that God has effected the result above defined ? The Church doctrine recognizes the fact that every part of Scripture is at once a product of God's and of man's agency. The human writers have produced each his part in the free and natural exercise of his personal faculties under his historical conditions. God has also so acted concurrently in and through them that the whole organism of Scripture and eveiy part there- of is his word to us, infallibly true in the sense intended and_ absolutely authoritative. God's agency includes the three following elements: Ist. His Providential agency in producing the Scripture^ The whole course of redemption, of wdiich revelation and inspi- ration are special functions, was a special providence directing_ the evolution of a specially providential history. Here the natural and the supernatural continuall}^ interpenetrate. But, as is of necessity the case, the natural Avas always the rule and the supernatural the exception ; yet as little subject to accident, and as much the subject of rational design as tJie natural itself Thus God providentially produced the very man for the precise occasion, with the faculties, qualities, education, and gracious experience needed for the production of the intended writing. Moses, David, Isaiah, Paul, or John, genius and character, 6S /xsp//t.4r/ox. nature and grace, peasant, philosopher, or prince, the man, and \\vith him each snbtile pei-sonal accident, was providen- tiallv prepared at the proper moment as the necessary instru- mental precondition of the work to be done. 2d. Kevelatiox of trnth not otherwise attainable. \"When- ever the writer was not possessed, or could not naturally become possessed, of the knowledge God intended to commu- nicate, it was supernatiirally revealed to him by vision or language. This revelation was supernatural, objective to the recipient, and assm-ed to him to be truth of divine origin by appropriate e^^dence. This direct revelation applies to a large element of the sacred Scriptures, such as prophecies of future events, the peculiar doctrines of Christianity, the promises and threatenings of Gods word, etc.. but it applies by no means to all the contents of Scriptiire. 3d. IsspiRATiox. The writei-^ were the subjects of a plenary divine iufluence, called inspiration, which acted upon and through their natm-al faculties in all they wrote, directing them in the choice of subject and the whole coui-se of thought and verbal expression, so as while not interfering with the natural exercise of their faculties, they freely and spontane- ously produce the very writing which God designed, and which thus possesses the attributes of intallibility and author- ity as above defined. This inspiration difters. therefore, fi-om revelation — (1.) In that it was a constant experience of the sacred writers in all they wi'ote. and it afiects the equal intallibility of all the ele- ments of the writings they produced. While, as before said, revelation was supernaturally vouchsi\\fed only when it was needed. (2.) In that revelation communicated objectively to the mind of the wi-iter truth otherwise unknown. While In- spiration was a divine intluence flowing into the sacred writer subjectively, commimicating nothing, but guiding their tacul- ties in their natm-al exercise to the producing an intallible record of the matters of history, doctrine, prophecy, etc., which (jixl designed to send through them to his Church. It diners from spiritual illumination, in that spiritual illu- mination is an essential element in the Si\\nctif\\-ing work of the Holy Spirit common to all true Christians. It never leads to the knowledge of new ti-uth. but only to the pei'sonal discern- ment of the spiritual beauty and poAver of tinth already re- vealed in the Scriptures. Inspiration is a special influence of the Holy Spirit peculiar to the prophets and apostles, and attending them only in the exercise ot their functions as accredited teachers. ^lost of them were the subjects both of inspiration and spii'itual illu- THE STATEMEXTS OF SCRIPTURE. 69 mination. Some, as Balaam, being unregenerate were inspired, though destitute of spiritual illumination. The Proof of the Church Doctrine of Ixspiration. 6. From icliat sources of evidence is the question as to the nature and extent of the Inspiration of the Scriptures to he determined? 1st. From the statements of the Scriptures themselves. 2d. From the phenomena of Scriptm-e Avhen critically ex- amined. The Statemexts of the Scriptures as to the Nature of their owx ixspiratiox. 7. How can the propriety of irroving the T/ispiration of the Scriptures from their own assertions be vindicated? We do not reason in a circle when Ave rest the truth of the inspiration of the Scriptures on their own assertions. \\\\e come to this question already belieAT.ng in their credibihty as histo- ries, and in that of their writers as witnesses of facts, and yj the truth of Christianity and in the di^anity of Christ. What- ' ever Christ affirms of the Old Testament, and whatever he ^jtC promises to the Apostles, and whatever they assert as to the divine influence acting in and through themselves, or as to the infallibility and authority of their writings, must be true. | Especially as all their claims were indorsed by God working with them by signs and wonders and gifts of the Holy Ghost. It is evident that if their claims to Inspiration and to the in- fallibility and authority of their wi-itings are denied, they are consequently charged A\\-ith fanatical presumption and gross misrepresentation, and the validity of their testimony on all points is denied- When plenary inspii'ation is denied all Chiis- tian faith is undermined. 8. How may the Inspiration of the apostles he fairly inferred from the faxi thai they ivrought miracles? A miracle is a di\\^ne sign (^Tjuaiov) accrediting the person to whom the power is delegated as a divinely commissioned agent, ]^Iatt. xvi. 1, 4; Acts xiv. 3; Heb. ii. 4. This divine testimony not only encourages, but absolutely renders belief obligatory. Where the sign is God commands us to believe. But he could not unconditionally command us to beheve any other than unmixed truth infallibly conveyed. 9. How may it he shown that tlie gift of InspAration was prom- ised to the apostles ? 70 INSPIRA TION. Matt. X. 19; Luke xii. 12; John xiv. 26; xv. 26, 27; xvi. 13; Matt, xxviii. 19, 20; John xiii. 20. 10. In ivliat several ways did they claim to have possession of the Spirit? They claim ed — 1st. To have the Spirit in f ulfihiient of the promise of Christ. Acts ii. 33; iv. 8; xiii. 2-4; xv. 28; xxi. 11; 1 Thes. i. 5. 2d. To speak as the prophets of God. — 1 Cor. iv. 1 ; ix. 17 ; 2 Cor. V. 19 ; 1 Thes. iv. 8. 3d. To speak with plenary authority. — 1 Cor. ii. 13; 1 Thes. ii. 13; 1 John iv. 6; Gal. i. 8, 9; 2 Cor. xiii. 2, 3, 4. They class their writings on a level with the Old Testament Scriptures. — 2 Pet. iii. 16; 1 Thes. v. 27; Col. iv. 16; Kev. ii. 7.— Dr. Hodge.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "17", "sort_key": 17, "group": "Chapter IV", "question": "Hoto  uias  their  claim  conjirmed?", "answer": "1st. By their holy, simple, temperate, yet heroic lives. 2d. By the holiness of the doctrine they taught, and its spiritual power, as attested by its efiect upon communities and individuals. 3d. By the miracles they wrought. — Heb. ii. 4; Acts xiv. 3; lilark xvi. 20. 4th. All these testimonies are accredited to us not only by their own writings, but also by the uniform testimony of the early Christians, their contemporaries, and their immediate successors. 12. Show that the ivriters of the Old Testament claim to he inspired. 1st. INIoses claimed that he wrote a part at least of the Pen- tateuch by divine command. — Deut. xxxi. 19-22; xxxiv. 10; Num. xvi. 28, 29. David claimed it. — 2 Sam. xxiii. 2. 2d. As a characteristic fact, the Old Testament writers speak not in their own name, but preface their messages with, \"Thus saith the Lord,\" \"The mouth of the Lord hath spoken it,\" etc. — Jer. ix. 12; xiii. 13; xxx. 4; Isa. viii. 1; xxxiii. 10; Mic. iv. 4; Amos iii. 1; Deut. xviii. 21, 22; 1 Kings xxi. 28; 1 Chron. xvii. 3. — Dr. Hodge.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "18", "sort_key": 18, "group": "Chapter IV", "question": "Hoiv  tvas  their  claira  confirmed?", "answer": "1st. Their claim Avas confirmed to their cotemporaries by the miracles they wrought, by the fulfilment of many of their predictions (Num. xvi. 28, 29), by the holiness of their lives, the moral and spiritual perfection of their doctrine, and the practical adaptation of the religious system they revealed to the urgent wants of men. THE STATEMENTS OF SCRIPTURE. ^^. , 2d. Their claim is confirmed to us principally — (1.) By the remarkable fulfillment, in far subsequent ages, of many of their prophesies. (2.) By the evident relation of the sym- bolical relio-ion which they promulgated to the facts and doc- trines of Christianity, proving a divine preadjustment of the type to the antitype. (3.) By the indorsement of Christ and his apostles. 14. What are the formulas hy lolnch quotations from the Old Testament are introduced into the Neiv, and hoiu do these forms of expression prove the inspiration of the ancient Scriptures ? \"The Holy Ghost saith,\" Heb. iii. 7. \"The Holy Ghost this signifying,\" Heb. ix. 8. \"God saith,\" Acts ii. 17, and Isa. xliv. 3; 1 Cor. ix. 9, 10, and Deut. xxv. 4. \"The Scriptures saith,\" Kom. iv. 3; Gal. iv. 30. \"It is written,\" Luke xviii. 31; xxi. 22; John ii. 17; xx. 31. \"The Lord by the mouth of his ser- vant David says,\" Acts iv. 25, and Ps. ii. 1, 2. \"The Lord lim- iteth in David a certain day, saying,\" Heb. iv. 7; Ps. xcv. 7. \"David in spirit says,\" Matt. xxii. 43, and Ps. ex. 1. Thus these Old Testament Avritings are what God saith, what God saith by David, etc., and are quoted as the author- itative basis for conclusive argumentation; therefore they must have been inspired. 15. Hoio may the Inspiration of the Old Testament ivriters he 'proved hy the express declarations of the Neio Testament ? Luke i. 70; Heb. i. 1 ; 2 Tim. iii. 16 ; 1 Pet. i. 10-12 ; 2 Pet. i. 21. 16. What is the argument on this suhject draivnfrom the manner in ivhich Christ and his apostles argue from the Old Testament as of final authority? Christ constantly quotes the Old Testament, ]\\Iatt. xxi. 13 ; xxii. 43. He declares that it can not be falsified, John vii. 23; X. 35; that the whole law must be fulfilled. Matt. v. 18; and all things also foretold concerning himself \"in ]\\Ioses, the projjhets, and the Psalms,\" Luke xxiv. 44. The apostles habitually quote the Old Testament in the same manner, \"That it might be ful- filled which was written,\" is with them a characteristic formula, Matt. i. 22; ii. 15, 17, 23; John xii. 38; xv. 25; etc. They all appeal to the words of Scripture as of final authority. This certainly proves infallibility. 72 INS FIR A TION. The Phenomexa of Scripture considered as Evidence of the Nature AND Extent of its Inspiration. 17. Wliat evidence do the Phenomena of the Scriptures afford as to nature and extent of the human causes conspiring to produce them ? Every part of Scriptiire alike bears evidence of a human origin. Tlie writers of all the books were men, and the process of composition through Avhich they originated was character- istically human. The personal characteristics of thought and feeling of these writers have acted spontaneously in their lit- erary activity, and have given character to their writings in a manner precisely similar to the effect of character upon writing in the case of other men. They wrote from human impulses, on special occasions, with definite design. Each views his subject from an individual standpoint. They gather their ma- terial I'rom all sources, — personal experience and observation, ancient documents, and contemporary testimony. They ar- range their material with reference to their special purpose, and draw inferences from principles and facts according to the more or less logical habits of their own minds. Their emotions and imaginations are spontaneously exercised, and flow as co-factors with their reasoning into their compositions. The limitations of their personal knowledge and general mental condition, and the defects of their habits of thought and style, are as obvious in their writings as any other personal charac- teristics. They use the language and idiom proper to their nation and class. They adopt the iisus loquendi of terms cur- rent among their people, without committing themselves to the philosophical ideas in which the usage originated. Their mental habits and methods were those of their nation and gen- eration. They were for the most part Orientals, and hence their writings abound Avith metaphor and symbol; and al- though always reliable in statement as far as required for their purpose, they never aimed at the-definiteness of enumeration, or chronological or circumstantial narration, which character- izes the statistics of modern western nations. Like all purely literary men of every age, they describe the order and the facts of nature according to their appearances, and not as related to their abstract law or cause. Some of these facts have, by many careless thinkers, been supposed to be inconsistent with the asserted fact of divine guidance. But it is evident, upon reflection, that if God is to reveal himself at all, it must be under all the limits of human modes of thought and speech. And if he inspires human agents THE PHENOMENA OF SCRIPTURE. 73 to communicate bis revelation in writing, he must use them in a manner consistent with their nature as rational and sponta- neous agents. And it is evident that all the distinctions be- tween the different degrees of perfection in human knowledge, and elegance in human dialect and style, are nothing when viewed in the light of the common relations of man to God. He obviously could as well reveal himself through a peasant as tlu'ough a philosopher; and all the better Avhen the per- sonal characteristics of the peasant were providentially and graciously preadjusted to the special end designed. 1 18. What evidence do the Phenomena of the Scriptures afford as to the nature and extent of the divine agency exercised in their production ? 1st. Every part of Scripture affords moral and spiritual evi- dence of its divine origin. This is, of course, more conspicuous in some portions than in others. There are transcendant truths revealed, a perfect moralit}^ an unveiling of the absolute per- fections of the Godliead, a foresight of future events, a heart- searching and rein -trying knowledge of the secrets of the human soul, a light informing the reason and an authority binding the conscience, a practical grasp of all the springs of human experience and life, all of which can only have orig- inated in a divine source. These are characteristics of a lai-ge portion of the Scriptures, and of the Scriptures alone in all lit- erature, and together with the accompan^'ing witness of the Holy Ghost, these are practically the evidences upon which the faith of a majority of believers rests. 2d. But another characteristic of the Scriptures, taken in connection with the foregoing, proves incontestibly their divine origin as a whole and in every part. The sacred Scriptures are an organism, that is an whole composed of many parts, the parts all differing in matter, form, and structiu'e from each other, like the several members of the human body, yet each adjusted to each other and to the whole, through the most intricate and delicate correlations mediating a common end. Scripture is the record and interpretation of redemption. Re- demption is a work which God has prepared and wrought out by manj' actions in succession through an historical process occupying centuries. A supernatural providence has flowed forward evolving a s^'stem of divine interventions, accompanied and interpreted by a supernatural ly informed and guided order of prophets. Each writer has his own special and temporary occasion, theme, and audience. And yet each contributed to build up the common organism, as the providential history has advanced, each special writing beyond its temporary purpose 74 INSPIRA TION. taking its permanent place as a member of the whole, the gospel fulfilling the law, antitype has answered to type and fulfilment to prophecy, history has been interpreted by doc- trine, and doctrine has given law to duty and to life. The more minutely the contents of each book are studied in the light of its special purpose, the more wonderfully various and exact will its articulations in the general system and ordered structure of the whole be discovered to be. This is the highest conceivable evidence of design, which in the present case is the proof of a divine supernatural influence comprehending the Avhole, and reaching to every part, through sixteen centuries, sixty-six distinct writings, and about forty co-operating human agents. Thus the divine agency in the genesis of every part of Scripture is as clearly and certainly determined as it is in the older genesis of the heavens and the earth. 19. What 'is the objection to this doctrine drawn from the free manner in ivhicJi the Neio Testament writers quote those of the Old Testament, and the ansiver to that objection ? In a majority of instances the New Testament wjfiters quote those of the Old Testament with perfect verbal accuracy. Some- times they quote the Septuagint version, when it conforms to the Hebrew ; at others they substitute a new version ; and at other times again they adhere to the Septuagint, when it differs from the Hebrew. In a number of instances, which however are comparatively few, their quotations from the Old Testament are made very freely, and in apparent accommodation of the literal sense. Rationalistic interpreters have argued from this last class of quotations that it is impossible that both the Old Testament writer quoted from, and the New Testament writer quoting, could have been the subjects of plenary inspiration, because, say they, if the ipsissima verba were infallible in the first in- stance, an infallilDle writer would have transferred them un- changed. But surely if a human author may quote himself freely, changing the expression, and giving a new turn to his thought in order to adapt it the more perspicuously to his present purpose, the Holy Spirit may take the same liberty with his own. The same Spirit that rendered the Old Testa- ment writers infallible in writing only pure truth, in the very form that suited liis purpose then, has rendered the New Tes- tainout writers infallible in so using the old materials, that Avhile they elicit a new sense, they teach only the truth, the very truth moreover contemplated in the mind of God from the beginning, and they teach it with divine authority. — See Fairbairn's \" Herm. Manual,\" Part HI. Each instance of such OBJECTIONS ANSWERED. 75 quotation should be examined in detail, as Dr. Fairbairn has done. 20. What objection to the doctrine of Plenary Inspiration is draivn from the alleged fact that ^'■Discrepancies\" exist in the Scriptural Text? and how is this ohjection to he ansivered? It is objected that the sacred text contains numerous state- ments which are inconsistent with other statements made in some part of Scripture itself, or with some certainly ascertained facts of history or of science. It is obvious that such a state of facts, even if it could be proved to exist, would not, in opposition to the abundant pos- itive evidence above adduced, avail to disprove the claim that the Scriptures are to some extent and in some degree the pro- duct of divine inspiration. The force of the objection would depend essentially upon the number and character of the in- stauces of discrepancy actually proved to exist, and would bear not upon the fact of Inspiration, but upon its nature and degree and extent. The fact of the actual existence of any such \"discrepancies,\" it is evident, can be determined only by the careful examina- tion of each alleged case separately. This examination belongs to the departments of Biblical Criticism and Exegesis. The following considerations, however, are evidently well-grounded, and sufficient to allay all apprehension on the subject. 1st. The Church has never held the verbal infallibility of our translations, nor the perfect accuracy of the copies of the original Hebrew and Greek Scriptures now possessed by us. These copies confessedly contain many \"discrepancies\" resulting from frequent transcription. It is, nevertheless, the unanimous testimony of Christian scholars, that while these variations embarrass the interpretation of many details, they neither involve the loss nor abate the evidence of a single es- sential fact or doctrine of Christianity. And it is moreover reassuring to know that believing criticism, by the discovery and collation of more ancient and accurate copies, is con- stantly advancing the Church to the possession of a more per- fect text of the original Scriptures than she has enjoyed since the apostolic age. 2d. The Church has asserted absolute infallibility only of the original autograph copies of the Scriptures as they came from the hands of their inspired writers. And even of these she has not asserted infinite knowledge, but only absolute in- fallibility in stating the matters designed to be asserted. A \" discrepancy,\" therefore, in the sense in which the new critics affirm and the Church denies its existence, is a form of state- 76 INSPIRA TION. ment existing in the original text of the Hebrew and Greek Scriptures evidently designed to assert as true that which is in plain irreconcilable contradiction to other statements exist- ing in some other portions of the same original text of Script- ure, or to some other certainly ascertained element of human knowledge. A \"discrepancy\" fulfilling in every particular this definition must be proved to exist, or the Church's doctrine of plenary verbal inspiration remains unaffected. 3d. It is beyond question, that, in the light of all that the Scriptures themselves assert or disclose as to the nature and the extent of the divine influence controlling their genesis, and as to their authority over man's conscience and life as the voice of God, the existence of any such \"discrepancies\" as above de- fined is a violent improbability. Those who assert the exist- ence of one or more of them must bring them out, and prove to the community of competent judges, that all the elements of the above definition meet in each alleged instance, not prob- ably merely, but beyond the possibility of doubt. The onus probandi rests exclusively on them. 4th. But observe that this is for them a very difficult task to perform, one in any instance indeed hardly possible. For to make good their point against the vast presumptions opposed to it, they must prove over and over again in the case of each alleged discrepancy each of the following points: (1.) That the alleged discrepant statement certainly occurred in the veritable autograph copy of the inspired writing containing it. (2.) That their interpretation of the statement, which oc- casions the discrepancy, is the only possible one, the one it was certainly intended to bear. The difficulty of this will be apprehended wlien we estimate the inherent obscurity of an- cient narratives, unchronological, and fragmentary, with a background and surroundings of almost unrelieved darkness. This condition of things which so often puzzles the interpreter, and prevents the apologist from proving the harmony of the narrative, with equal force baffles all the ingenious efforts of the rationalistic critic to demonstrate the \"discrepancy.\" Yet this he must do, or the presumption will remain that it does not exist, (3.) He must also prove that the facts of science or of history, or the Scriptural statements, with whicli the state- ment iu cjuestion is asserted to be inconsistent, are real facts or real parts of the autograph text of canonical Scripture, and that the sense in whicJi they are found to be inconsistent with the statement in question is the only sense they can rationally bear. (4.^ Wlien the reality of the opposing facts or statements is determnied, and their true interpretation is ascertained, then it must, in conclusion, be shown not only that they appear incon- OBJECTIONS ANSWERED. 77 sistent, nor merely that their reconciliation is impossible in our present state of knowledge, but that they are in themselves essentially incapable of being reconciled. 5th. Finally it is sufficient for the present purpose, to point to the fact that no single case of \" discrepancy,\" as above de- fined, has been so proved to exist as to secure the recognition of the community of believing scholars. Difficulties in inter- pretation and apparently irreconcilable statements exist, but no \"discrepancy\" has been proved. Advancing knowledge re- moves some difficulties and discovers others. It is in the high- est degree probable that perfect knowledge would remove all. 21. Explain the meaning of such passages as 1 Cor. vii. 6 and 12 and 40, Rom. iii. 5 and vi. 19, and Gal. iii. 15, and slioiv their 'perfect consistency ivitli the fact of the plenary inspiration of the lohole Bible. \" I speak as a man,\" is a phrase occurring frequently, and its sense is determined by the context. In Romans iii. 5, it signifies that Paul was, for argument's sake, using the language common to men; it was the Jews' opinion, not his own. In Rom. vi. 19, it signifies \"in a manner adapted to human comprehension,\" and in Gal. iii. 15, it signifies \"I use an illustration drawn from human affairs,\" etc. \" I speak this b}^ permission, not of commandment.\" — 1 Cor. vii. 6, refers to verse ii. IMarriage was always permitted, but under certain circumstances inexpedient. \"And unto the married I command, yet not I but the Lord.\" \"But to the rest speak I, not the Lord.\" — 1 Cor. vii. 10 and 12. Reference is here made to Avhat the \"Lord,\" that is Christ, taught in person Avhile on earth. The distinction is made between what Christ taught while on earth, and what Paul teaches. As Paid puts his word here on an equal basis of authority with Christ's Avord, it of course implies that Paul claims an inspiration which makes his Avord equal to that of Christ in infallibility and authority. \"And I think also that I have the Spirit of God.\" — 1 Cor. vii. 40. \"/ think (SokcS) I have, is only, agreeably to Greek usage, an urbane Avay of saying, I have (comp. Gal. ii. 6, 1 Cor. xii. 22). Paul was in no doubt of his l)eing an organ- of the Holy Ghost.\" Hodge, \" Com. on First Corinthians.\" Defective Statemext of the Doctrine. 22. State ivhat is meant by theological ivriters by the inspira- tion '\"''of sv/perintendence^^ '■'' of elevation,'' '■'' of direction\" and '•'\"of suggestion.\" 78 INS FIR A TION. Certain writers on this subject, confounding the distinction between inspiration and revelation, and using the former term to express the whole divine influence of which the sacred writers were the subjects, first, in knowing the truth, second, in writing it, necessarily distinguish between different degrees of inspira- tion in order to accommodate their theory to the facts of the case. Because, ^rs^, some of the contents of Scripture evidently might be known without supernatural aid, while much more as evidently could not; second, the different Avriters exercised their natural faculties, and carried their individual peculiarities of thought, feeling, and manner into their writings. By the \"inspiration of superintendence,\" these writers meant precisely what we have above given as the definition of inspira- tion. By the \"inspiration of elevation,\" they meant that divine influence which exalted their natural faculties to a degree of energy otherwise unattainable. By the \"inspiration of direction,\" they meant that divine in- fluence which guided the writers in the selection and dispo- sition of their material. By the \" inspiration of suggestion,\" they meant that divine influence which directly suggested to their minds new, and otherwise unattainable truth.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "19", "sort_key": 19, "group": "Chapter IV", "question": "What  objections  may  be  fairly  made  to  these  distinctions  ?", "answer": "1st. These distinctions spring from a prior failure to distin- guish between revelation the frequent, and inspiration the con- stant, phenomenon presented by Scripture; the one furnishing the material when not otherwise attainable, the other guiding the writer at every point, (1) in securing the infallible truth of all he writes; and (2) in the selection and distribution of his material. ' 2d. It is injurious to distinguish between different degrees of inspiration, as if the several portions of the Scriptures were in different degrees God's word, wdiile in truth the whole is equally and absolutely so. False Doctrines of Inspiration. 24. What Principles necessarily lead to the denial of any super- natural Inspiration ? All philosophical principles or tendencies of thought which exclude the distinction between the natural and the supernat- ural necessarily lead to the denial of Inspiration in the sense affirmed by the Church. Tliese are, for example, all Panthe- istic, Materialistic, and Naturalistic principles, and of course Rationalistic principles in all their forms. FALSE DOCTRINES OF. 79 25. In what several forms has the doctrine of a Partial Inspi- ration of the Scriptures been held? 1st. It has been maintained that certain books were the subjects of plenary inspiration, while others were produced with only a natural providential and gracious assistance of God. S. T. Coleridge admittted the plenary inspiration of \"the law and the prophets, no jot or tittle of which can pass unfulfilled,\" while he denied it of the rest of the canon. 2d. ]\\Iany have admitted that the moral and spiritual ele- ments of the Scriptures, and their doctrines as far as these relate to the nature and purposes of God not otherwise ascer- tainable, are products of inspiration, but deny it of the his- torical and biographical elements, and of all its allusions to scientific facts or laws. 3d. Others admit that the inspiration of the writers con- trolled their thoughts, but deny that it extended to its verbal expression. In one, or in all of these senses, different men have held that the Scriptures are only \"partially\" inspired. All such deny that they \"are the word of God\" as affirmed by the Scriptures themselves and by all the historical Churches, and admit merely that they ^'■contain the word of God.\" 26. State the doctrine of Gracious Inspiration. Coleridge, in his \" Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit,\" Let- ter vii., holds that the Scriptures, except the Law and the Prophets, were produced by their writers assisted by \"the highest degree of that grace and communion with the Spirit which the Church under all circumstances, and every regen- erate member of the Church of Christ, is permitted to hope and instructed to pray for.\" This is the doctrine of Maurice (\"Theological Essays,\" p. 339) and virtually that of Morell (\" Philosophy of Religion,\" p. 186) and of the Quakers. These admit an objective supernatural revelation, and that this is contained in the Scriptures, which are highly useful, and in such a sense an authoritative standard of faith and practice; that no pretended revelation which is inconsistent with Script- ure can be true, and that they are a judge in all controversies between Christians. Nevertheless they hold that the Script- ures are only \" a secondary rule, subordinate to the Spirit from whom they have all their excellency,\" which Spirit illumes every man in the world, and reveals to him either with, or without the Scriptures, if they are unknoAvn, all the knowl- edge of God and of his will Avhicli are necessary for his salva- tion and guidance, on condition of his rendering a constant 80 INSPIRA TION. obedience to that light as thus graciously communicated to liim and to all men. \"Barclay's Apology, Theses Theological,\" Propositions i., ii., and iii. AuTHOBITATrv^ STATEMENTS. Roman Catholic. — \" Decrees of Council of Trent\" Sess. iv. \" Which gospel . . . our Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, first promulgated with his own mouth, and then commanded to be i^reached by his apostles to every creature, . . . and seeing clearly that this truth and discipline are contained in the written books, and the unwritten tradition, which received by the apostles from the mouth of Christ himself, or from the apostles themselves, the Holy Ghost dictating, have come down even unto us, transmitted as it were from hand to hand : [the Synod] folloAving the example of the orthodox Fathers, receives and venerates with an equal affection of piety and reverence, all the books both of the Old and of the New Testament- — seeing God is the author of both — as also the said tra- ditions, as well those appertaining to faith as to morals, as having been dictated, either by Christ's own word of mouth, or by the Holy Ghost, and preserved in the Catholic Church by a continuous succession.\" ^'■Dogmatic Decrees of the Vailca/i Council,'^ 1870, Sess. iii., Ch. ii. \"Further this supernatural revelation, according to the universal belief of the Church, declared by the sacred Synod of Trent, is contained in the Avritten books and unwritten traditions which have come down to us, having been received by the apostles from the mouth of Christ himself, or from the apostles themselves, by the dictation of the Holy Spirit, have been transmitted as it were from hand to hand. And these books of the Old and New Testament are to be received as sacred and canon- ical, in their integrity, with all their j^arts, as they are enumerated in the decree of the said Council, and are contained in the ancient Edition of the Vulgate. These the Church holds to be sacred and canonical, not because having been carefully composed by mere human industry, they were afterwards approved by her authority, nor merely because they contain revelation with no admixture of error ; but because, having been written by the inspiration of the Holy Ghost, they have God for their author, and have been delivered as such to the Church herself.\" LuTHEKAN. — \" FurmuLa Concordup Epitome.\" 1. \"We believe, con- fess, and teach that the only nile and norm, according to which all dog- mas and all doctors ought to be esteemed and judged, is no other whatever than the prophetic and apostolic writings of the Old and New Testament, as it is written, Ps. cxix. 105, and Gal. i. 8.\" Reformed. ^ — \"Second He/retic Confession,\" Gh. i. Concerning Holy Scripture. \"We believe and confess, that the canonical ScriiJtures of the holy pi'ophets and apostles of each Testament are the true word of God, and that they possess sufficient authority from themselves alone and not from man. For God himself sjioke to the fathers, to the projihets, and to tlie apostles, and continues to speak to us through the Holy Scriptures.\" \" IV/e Behjic Confession,\" Art. iii. \"We confess that this word of God was not sent nor deUvered by the \"will of man, but that liol;/ men of God spake <ts they were moved ht/ the Holy Ghost, as the apostle Peter saitli. And that afterwards God, from a special care which he has for us and our salvation, commanded his servants, the prophets and a]30stles, CREED STATEMENTS. 81 to commit his revealed word to writing, and he himself wrote with his own finger the two tables of the law. Therefore we call such writings holj and divine Scriptures.\" \"Weslmuister Confession of Faith,\" Chap. i. \"Therefore it pleased the Lord, at sundry times and in divers manners, to reveal himself and to declare his will unto his Church; and afterwards, for the better pre- serving and propagating of the truth, and for the more sure establish- ment and comfort of the Church against the Corruption of the flesh and the malice of Satan and of the world, to commit the same wholly unto Avi-iting.\" \"The authority of the Holy Scripture, for which it ought to be beheved and obeyed, dependeth not upon the testimony of any man or church, but wholly upon God (who is trath itself) the Author thereof; and therefore it is to be received laecause it is the word of God.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "20", "sort_key": 20, "group": "Chapter V", "question": "By  ichat  other  arguments  may  this  principle  he  proved  ?", "answer": "As the Scriptures profess to be a rule complete for its end, so they have always been practicalh\" found to be such by the true spiritual people of God in all ages. They teach a complete and harmonious system of doctrine. They furnish all necessary principles for the government of the private lives of Christians, in every relation, for the public worship of God, and for the administration of the affairs of his kingdom; and they repel all pretended traditions and priestly innovations. 10. In ivhat sense do Protestants affirm and Bomanists deny the perspicuity of Scripture ? Protestants do not affirm that the doctrines revealed in the Scriptures are level to man's powers of understanding. ^lany of them are confessedly beyond all understanding. Nor do they affirm that every part of Scripture can be certainly and perspicuously expounded, many of the prophesies being per- fectly enigmatical until explained by the event. But they do affirm that every essential article of faith and rule of practice is clearly revealed in Scripture, or may certainly be deduced therefrom. This much the least instructed Christian may learn at once; while, on the other hand, it is true, that with the advance of historical and critical knowledge, and by means of controversies, the Christian church is constantly making- progress in the accurate interpretation of Scripture, and in the comprehension in its integrity of the system therein taught. Protestants affirm and Romanists deny that private and unlearned Christians may safely be allowed to interpret Script- ure for themselves. 11. Hoio can tlie per sp)icuity of Scripture he proved from the fact that it is a laio and a message ? We saw (question 8) that Scripture is either complete or false, from its own professed design. We now prove its per- spicuity upon the same principle. It professes to be (1) a law to be obeyed; (2) a revelation of truth to be believed, to be received by us in both aspects upon the penalty of eternal 86 THE RULE OF FAITH AND PRACTICE. death. To suppose it not to be perspicuous, relatively to its design of commanding- and teaching, is to charge God with dealing with us in a spirit at once disingenuous and cruel.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "21", "sort_key": 21, "group": "Chapter V", "question": "In  loliat  'passages  is  their  perspicuity  asserted?", "answer": "Ps. xix. 7, 8; cxix. 105, 130; 2 Cor. iii. 14 ; 2 Pet. i. 18, 19; Hab. ii. 2; 2 Tim. iii. 15, 17.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "22", "sort_key": 22, "group": "Chapter V", "question": "By  ivhat  other  arguraents  may  this  point  he  established  ?", "answer": "1st. The Scriptures are addressed immediately, either to all men promiscuously, or else to the Avhole body of believers as such.— Dent. vi. 4-9; Luke i. 3; Rom. i. 7; 1 Cor. i. 2; 2 Cor. i. 1 ; iv. 2 ; Gal. i. 2 ; Eph. i. 1 ; Phil. i. 1 ; Col. i. 2 ; James i. 1 ; 1 Peter i. 1 ; 2 Peter i. 1 ; 1 John ii. 12, 14; Jude i. 1 ; Ptev. i. 3, 4; ii. 7. The only exceptions are the epistles to Timothy and Titus. 2d. All Christians promiscuously are commanded to search the Scriptures. — 2 Tim. iii. 15, 17; Acts xvii. 11; John v. 39. 3d. Universal experience. We have the same evidence of the light-giving power of Scripture that we have of the same property in the sun. The argument to the contrary is an insult to the understanding of the whole world of Bible readers. 4th. The essential unity in faith and practice, in spite of all circumstantial differences, of all Christian communities of every age and nation, who draw their religion directly from the open Scriptures. 14. What ivas the third quality required to constitute the Script- ures the sufficient rule of faith and practice? Accessibility. It is self-evident that this is the pre-eminent characteristic of the Scriptures, in contrast to tradition, Avhich is in the custody of a corporation of priests, and to every otlier pretended rule whatsoever. The agency of the church in this matter is simply to give all currency to the word of God. 15. What is meant by saying that the Scriptures are the judge as ivdl as the rule in questions of faith ? \" A rule is a standard of judgment; a judge is the expounder and applier of that rule to the decision of particular cases.\" The Protestant doctrine is — 1st. That the Scriptures are the only infallible rule of faith and practice. 2d. (1.) Negatively. That there is no body of men who are either qualified, or authorized, to interpret the Scriptures, or to apply their principles to the decision of particular ques- tions, in a sense binding upon the faith of their felloiu Christians. THE ROMISH DOCTRINE. 87 (2.) Positively. That Scripture is the only infallible voice in the church, and is to be interpreted, in its own light, and with the gracious help of the Holy Ghost, who is promised to every Christian (1 John ii. 20-27), by each individual for himself^ with the assistance, though not by the authority, of his fellow Christians. Creeds and confessions, as to form, bind only those who voluntarily profess them, and as to matter, they bind only so far as they affirm truly what the Bible teaches, and because the Bible does so teach. 16. What is the Romish doctrine as to the authoritij of the church as the in/aJUUe interpreter of the rule of faith and the authoritative judge of all controversies ? The Romish doctrine is that the church is absolutely infal- lible in all matters of Christian faith and practice, and the divinely authorized depository and interpreter of the rule of faith. Her office is not to convey new revelations from God to man, yet her inspiration renders her infallible in disseminating and interpreting the original revelation communicated through the apostles. The church, therefore, authoritatively determines — 1st. What is Scripture? 2d. What is genuine tradition? 3d. What is the true sense of Scripture and tradition, and what is the true application of that perfect rule to every particular question of belief or practice. This authority vests in the pope, when acting in his official capacity, and in the bishops as a body ; as when assembled in general council, or when giving universal consent to a decree of pope or council. — \"Decrees of Council of Trent,\" Session iv. ; \"Deus Theo.,\" N. 80, 81, 84, 93, 94, 95, 96. \"Bellarraine,\" Lib. III., de eccles., cap. xiv., and Lib. IL, de council., cap. ii.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "23", "sort_key": 23, "group": "Chapter V", "question": "By  ivhat  arguments  do  they  seek  to  estahlish  this  authority?", "answer": "1st. The promises of Christ, given, as they claim, to the apostles, and to their official successor, securing their infallibil- ity, and consequent authority. — Matt. xvi. 18; xviii. 18-20; Luke xxiv. 47-49; John xvi. 13; xx. 23. 2d. The conmiission given to the church as the teacher of the world. — ]Matt. xxviii. 19, 20; Luke x. 16, etc. 3d. The church is declared to be \" the pillar and ground of the truth,\" and it is affirmed that \" the gates of hell shall never prevail against her.\" 4th. To the church is granted power to bind and loose, and he that will not hear the church is to be treated as a heathen. Matt. xvi. 19; xviii. 15-18. 5th. The church is commanded to discriminate between 88 THE RULE OF FAITH AND PRACTICE. truth and error, and must consequently be qualified and au- thorized to do so. — 2 Thessalonians iii. 6; liomans xvi. 17; 2 John 10. 6th. From the necessity of the case, men need and crave an ever-living, visible, and cotemporaneous infallible Interpreter and Judge. 7th. From universal analogy every community among men has the living judge as well as the written law, and the one would be of no value without the other. 8th. This power is necessary to secure unity and univer- sality, which all acknowledge to be essential attributes of the true church. 18. By ivhai arguments may this claim of the Bomish church he shotvn to he ntterly haseless? 1st. A claim vesting in mortal men a power so momentous can be established only by tiie most clear and certain evidence, and the failure to produce snch converts the claim into a treason at once against God and the human race. 2d. Her evidence fails, because the promises of Christ to preserve his church from extinction and from error do none of them go the length of pledging infallibility^ The utmost promised is, that the true people of God shall never perish en- tirely from the earth, or be left to apostatize from the essentials of the faith. 3d. Her evidence fails, because these promises of Christ were addressed not to the officers of the church as such, but to the body of true believers. Compare John xx. 23 with Luke xxiv. 33, 47, 48, 49, and 1 John ii. 20, 27. 4th. Her evidence fails, because the church to Avhich the precious promises of the Scriptiu'es are pledged is not an ex- ternal, visible society, the authority of which is vested in the hands of a perpetual line of apostles. For — (1.) the word church (^£HHXT;dia) is a collective term, embracing the effectually called (^H?i?jr6i) or regenerated. — Rom. i. 7; viii. 28; 1 Cor. i. 2; Jude i. ; Rev. xvii. 14; also Rom. ix. 24; 1 Cor. vii. 18-24; Gal. i. 15; 2 Tim. i. 9; Heb. ix. 15; 1 Pet. ii. 9; v. 10; Eph. i. 18; 2 Pet. i. 10. (2.) The attributes ascribed to the church prove it to consist alone of the true, spiritual people of God as such. — Eph. v. 27; 1 Pet. ii. 5; John x. 27; Col. i. 18, 24. (3.) The epistles are addressed to the church, and in their salutations explain that phrase as equivalent to \"the called,\" \"the saints,\" \"all true worshippers of God;\" witness the salutations of 1st and 2d Corintiiians, Ephesians, Colossians, Ist and 2d Peter and Jude. The same attributes are ascribed to the members of the true church as such throughout the body of the Epistles. — 1 Cor. i. ROMISH DOCTRINE REFUTED. 89 30; iii. 16; vi. 11, 19; Epli. ii. 3-8, and 19-22; 1 Tlies. v. 4, 5; 2 Thes. ii. 13; Col. i. 21; ii. 10; 1 Pet. ii. 9. 5th. The inspired apostles have had no successors. (1.) There is no evidence that they had such in the New Testament. (2.) While provision was made for the regular perpetuation of the offices of presbj^ter and deacon (1 Tim. iii. 1-13), there are no directions given for the perpetuation of the apostolate. (3.) There is perfect silence concerning the continued exist- ence of any apostles in the church in the writings of the early centuries. Both the name and the thing ceased. (4.) No one ever claiming to be one of their successors have possessed the \"sitrns of an apostle.\" — 2 Cor. xii. 12; 1 Cor. ix. 1; Gal. i. 1, 12; Acts i. 21, 22. 6th. This claim, as it rests upon the authority of the Pope, is utterly unscriptural, because the Pope is not known to Script- ure. As it rests upon the authority of the whole body of the bishops, expressed in their general consent, it is unscriptural for the reasons above shown, and it is, moreover, impracticable, since their imiversal judgment never has been and never can be impartially collected and pronounced. 7th. There can be no infallibility where there is not self- consistency. But as a matter of fact the Papal church has not been self-consistent in her teaching. (1.) She has taught dif- ferent doctrines in different sections and ages. (2.) She affirms the infallibility of the holy Scriptures, and at the same time teaches a system plainly and radically inconsistent with their manifest sense; witness the doctrines of the priesthood, the mass, penance, of Avorks, and of IMary worship. Therefore the Church of Rome hides the Scriptures from the people. 8th. If this Romish system be true then genuine spiritual re- ligion ought to flourish in her communion, and all the rest of the world ought to be a moral desert. The facts are notoriously the reverse. If, therefore, we admit that the Romish system is true, we subvert one of the principal evidences of Christianity itself, viz., the self-evidencing light and practical power of true religion, and the witness of the Holy Ghost. 19. By wliat direct arguments may tJie doctrine that the Script- ures are the final judge of controversies he established? That all Christians are to study the Scriptures for them- selves, and that in all questions as to God's revealed will the appeal is to the Scriptures alone, is proved by the following facts : 1st. Scripture is perspicuous, see above, questions 11-13. 2d. Scripture is addressed to all Christians as such, see above, question 13. 90 THE RULE OF FAITH AND PRACTICE. 3d. All Christians ai'e commanded to search the Scriptures, and by them to judg-e all doctrines and all professed teacliers. — John V. 39; Acts xvii. 11; Gal. i. 8; 2 Cor. iv. 2; 1 Thess. v. 21; 1 John iv. 1, 2. 4th. The promise of the Holy Spirit, the author and inter- preter of Scripture, is to all Christians as such. Compare John XX. 23 with Luke xxiv. 47-49; 1 John ii. 20, 27; Eom. viii. 9; 1 Cor. iii. 16, 17. 5th. Religion is essentially a personal matter. Each Chris- tian must know and believe the truth explicitly for himself, on the direct ground of its own moral and spiritual evidence, and not on the mere ground of blind authority. Otherwise faith could not be a moral act, nor could it \"purify the heart.\" Faith derives its sanctifying power from the truth which it immedi- ately ap})rehends on its own experimental evidence. — John xvii. 17, 19; James i. 18; 1 Pet. i. 22. 20. What is the objection which the Romanists make to this doc- trine, on the ground that tJw church is our only authority for believing that the Scriptures are the loord of God ? Their objection is, that as we receive the Scriptures as the word of God only on the authoritative testimony of the church, our faith in the Scriptures is oidy another form of our faith in the church, and the authority of the church, being the founda- tion of that of Scripture, must of course be held paramount. This is absurd, for two reasons — 1st. The assumed fact is false. The evidence upon which we receive Scripture as the word of God is not the authority of the chiu'ch, but — (1.) God did speak by the apostles and prophets, as is evident («) from the nature of their doctrine, (Ji) from their miracles, (c) their prophecies, {d) our personal experience and observation of the power of the truth. (2.) These very writings which we possess were written by the apostles, etc., as is evident, («) from internal evidence, (/>) from historical testimony ren- dered by all competent cotemj^oraneous witnesses in the church or out of it. 2d. Even if the fact assumed Avas true, viz., that we knoAv the Scriptures to be from God, on the authority of the church's testimony alone, the conclusion they seek to deduce from it would be ahsiard. The witness who proves the identity or pri- mogeniture of a prince does not thereby acqitire a right to govern the kingdom, or even to interpret the will of the prince. 21. Hoio is the argument for the necessity of a visible judge, derived from the diversities of sects and doctrines among Protestants, to be answered? ROMISH DOCTRINE REFUTED. 91 1st. We do not pretend that the private judgment of Pro- testants is infallible, but only that when exercised in an humble, believing spirit, it always leads to a competent knowledge of essential truth. 2d. The term Protestant is simply negative, and is assumed by many infidels who protest as much against the Scriptures as they do against Rome. But Bible Protestants, among all their circumstantial differences, are, to a wonderful degree, agreed upon the essentials of faith and practice. Witness their \"^ hj^mns and devotional literature. (-^^^ 3d. The diversity that does actually exist arises from failure\" j^^j^--' in applying faithfully the Protestant principles for which we \",,'■'; contend. Alen do not simply and without prejudice take their creed from the Bible. 4th. The Catholic church, in her last and most authoritative '^a'^'^ utterance through the Council of Trent, has proved herself a ;>^»v^\" most indefinite judge. Her doctrinal decisions need an infal- \" i ^^ lible interpreter infinitely more than the Scriptures. 22. How may it he sJioivn that the Romanist theory, as tcell as the Protestant, necessarily throws upon the people the obligation of private judgment ? Is there a God? Has he revealed himself? Plas he estab- lished a church? Is that church an infallible teacher? Is private judgment a blind leader? Which of all pretended churches is the true one ? Every one of these questions evi- dently must be settled in the private judgment of the inquirer, before he can, rationally or irrationally, give up his private judgment to the direction of the self-asserting church. Tlius of necessity Romanists appeal to the Scriptures to prove that the Scriptures can not be understood, and address arguments to the private judgment of men to prove that private judgment is incompetent; thus basing an argument upon that which it is the object of the argument to prove is baseless. 23. Hoio may it he proved that the peopile are far more compe- tent to discover what the Bible teaches than to decide, by the marJcs insisted iqjon by the Romanists, ivhicli is the trite church ? The Romanists, of necessity, set forth certain marks by which the true church is to be discriminated from all counter- feits. These are (1.) Unity (through subjection to one visible head, the Pope); (2.) Holiness; (3.) Catholicity; (4.) Apostol- icity, (involving an uninterrupted succession from the apostles of canonically ordained bishops.) — \"Cat. of Council of Trent,\" Part I., Cap. 10. Now, the comprehension and intelligent appli- cation of these marks involve a great amoiint of learning and 92 THE RULE OF FAITH AND PRACTICE. intelligent capacity npon the part of the inqnirer. He might as easily prove himself to be descended from Noah by an unbro- ken series of legitimate marriages, as establish the right of Rome to the last mark. Yet he can not rationally give np the right of studying the Bible for himself until that point is made clear. Surely the Scriptures, with their self-evidencing spiritual power, make less exhaustive demands upon the resources of private judgment. EoMAN Catholic Doctkine as to the Pkivate Inteepketation of SCEIPTUKE, and as TO TkADITION, AND AS TO THE iNFAIiLIBLLITX OF THE Pope. 1st. As TO THE Intekpbetation OF ScKiPTUBE. — \"Decrees of Council of D-en/,\" Sess. iv. — \"Moreover the same sacred and holy Synod . ordains and declares, that the said old and vnlgate edition, which, by the lengthened nsage of so many ages, has been approved of in the Church, be, in public lectures, disputations, sermons, and expositions, held as authentic; and that no one is to dare or presume to reject it under any pretext whatever. \"Furthermore, in order to restrain petulant spirits, it decrees that no one, relying on his own skill, shall, in matters of faith and of morals pertaining to the edification of Christian doctrine, — wresting the sacred Scriptiire to his own senses, presume to interpret the said sacred Script- ure contrary to that sense which holy mother Church — whose it is to judge of the true sense and interpretation of the Holy Scriptures — hath held and doth hold; or even contrary to the nnanimous consent of the Fathers; even though such interpretations were never (intended) to be at any time published. \" \"jDof/mah'c Becrees of (lie Vatican Council,\" ch. ii. — \"And as the things which the holy Synod of Trent decreed for the good of souls concern- ing the interpretation of Divine Scripture, in order to curb rebellious spirits, have been -svrongly explained by some, we, renewing the said decree, declare this to be their sense, that, in matters of faith and morals, appertaining to the building uj) of Christian doctrine, that is to be held as the true sense of Holy Scripture which our holy mother Church hath held and holds, to whom it belongs to judge of the true sense of the Holy Scripture; and therefore that it is permitted to no one to interpret the sacred Scripture contrary to this sense, nor, likewise contrary to the unanimous consent of the Fathers.\" 2d. As to Tbadition. — ''Prcf. Fidei Tridenfince\" (a, d. 156i) ii. and iii. \"I most steadfastly admit and embrace apostolic and ecclesiastic tradi- tions, and all other observances and constitutions of the same Church. I also admit the Holy Scriptures, according to that sense which our holy mother Church has held and does hold, to which it belongs to judge of the true sense and interpretation of the Scriptures; neither will I ever take and interpret them otherwise than according to the unanimous consent of the Fathers. \" \" Council of Trent \" Sess. iv. — \"And seeing clearly that this truth and discipline are contained in the written books, and the unwritten tradi- tions which, received by the apostles from the mouth of Christ himself, or from tlie apostles themselves the Holy Ghost dictating, have come down even unto us transmitted as it were from hand to hand.\" 3d. As TO THE ABSOLrTE Authokity OF THE PoPE. — '' Dogmatic Bed- DECREES OF THE VATICAN COUNCIL. 93 sion!!, of the Valicnn Council,'''' chai^. iii. — \" Hence we teach and declare that by the appointment of our Lord . . the power of jurisdiction of the Roman Pontiff is immediate, to which all, of wliatever rite and dignity, both pastors and faithful, both individually and collectively, are bound, by their duty of hierarchical subordination and true obedience, to submit not only in matters which belong to faith and morals, but also in those that appertain to the discipHne and government of the Church througlioiit the world. . . We farther teach and declare that he is tlie supreme judge of the faithful, and that in all causes, the decision of which belongs to the Church, recourse may be had to his tribunal, and that none may reopen the judgment of the Apostolic See, than whose authority there is no greater, nor can any lawfully review his judgment. Wherefore they err from the right course who assert that it is lawful to appeal from the judgments of the Roman P(mtifF to an cecumenical council, as to an authority higher than that of the Roman Pontilf. \" 4th. CONCEENING THE ABSOLUTE iNFAIiLIBELITY OF THE PoPE AS THE Teacheb of THE UNIVERSAL Chuech. — ^'Dogmatic Decreeii of tlie Vaticmi Council,\" Chap. iv. — \"Therefore faithfully adhering to the tradition received fi-om the beginning of the Christian faith, for the glory of God our Saviour, the exaltation of the Catholic religion, and the salvation of Christian people, the saci'ed Council approving, we teach and define that it is a dogma divinely revealed: That the Roman Pontiff when he speaks ex cathedra, that is, when in discharge of the office of pastor and doctor of aU Christians, by virtue of his suj^reme Apostolic authority, he defines a doctrine regarding faith or morals to be held by the universal Church, by the divine as.sistance i^romised to him in blessed Peter, is possessed of the infallibility with which the divine Redeemer willed that his Church should be endowed for defining doctrine according to faith and morals; and that therefore such definitions of the Roman Pontiff are irreformable of themselves, and not from the consent of the Church. But if any one — which may God avert — presume to contradict this our definition: let him be anathema.\" Cardinal Manning in his ^^ Vatican Council\" says, \"In this definition there are six jDoints to be noted : \"1st. It defines the meaning of the well-known phrase loquens ex cathedra; that is, speaking from the Seat, or jilace, or with the authority of the supreme teacher of all Christians, and binding the assent of the universal Church. \"2d. The subject matter of the infallible teaching, namely, the doc- trine of faith and morals. \"3d. The efficient cause of infallibility, that is, the divine assistance jDromised to Peter, and in Peter to his successors. \"4:th. The act to which this divine assistance is attached, the defining of doctrines of faith and morals. \"5th. The extension of this infallible authority to the limits of the doctrinal office of the Church. \" 6th. The dogmatic value of the definitions ex cathedra, namely that they are in themselves irreformable, because in themselves infallible, and not because the Church, or any part or member of the Church, should assent to them. \" ^^ Dogmatic Decrees of Vatican Council,\" Ch. iv.— \"For the Holy Spirit was not promised to the successors of Peter, that by his revelation they might make known new doctrine; but that by his assistance they might inviolably keep and faithfully expound the revelation or deposit of faith deUvered through the Apostles.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "24", "sort_key": 24, "group": "Chapter VI", "question": "What  loas  the  origin  of  the  3Iiddle  or  Semipelagian  system  ?", "answer": "In the mean time, while the Pelagian controversy was at its height, John Cassian, of Syrian extraction and educated in the Eastern Church, having removed to Marseilles, in France, for the purpose of advancing the interests of monkery in that region, began to give publicity to a scheme of doctrine occu- pying a middle position between the systems of Augustine and Pelagius. This system, whose advocates were called JMassilians from the residence of their chief, and afterward Semipelagians by the Schoolmen, is in its essential principles one with that system which is now denominated Arminianism, a statement of which will be given in a subsequent part of this chapter. Faustus, bishop of Riez, in France, from a. d. 427 to a. d. 480, was one of the most distinguished and successful advocates of this doctrine, which was permanently accepted by the Eastern Church, and for a time was widely disseminated throughout the western also, until it was condemned by the Synods of Orange and Valence, a. d. 529. 7. What is the relation of Augustinianism to Calvinism arid of Semi^'idagianism to Arminianism ? After this time Augustinianism became the recognized or- thodoxy of the Western Church, and the name of no other uninspired man exerts such imiversal influence among Papists and Protestants alike. If any liuman name ought to be used to designate a system of divinely revealed truth, the phrase * The doctrine of Augustine does not by any means involve the conclusion that the elect are \"few\" or \"a small number.\" DURING THE SCHOLASTIC AGE. 99 Augristinianism as opposed to Pelagiamsm properly designates all those elements of faith which the whole world of Evangel- ical Christians hold in common. On the other hand Augnstin- ianism as opposed to Semipelagianism properly designates that system commonly called Calvinism — while Cassianisia would be the proper historical designation of that Middle or Semipe- lagian Scheme now commonly styled Arminianism. 8. Hotv ivere parties divided icitli respect to tJiese great systems among the Schoolmen, and how are tliey in the modern Papal Church ? After the lapse of the dark ages, during which all active speculation slumbered, the great Thomas Aquinas, an Italian by birth, a. d. 1224, and a monk of the order of St. Dominic, Doctor Angelicus, advocated with consummate ability the Au- gustinian sj^stem of theology in that cumbrous and artificial manner which characterized the Schoolmen. John Duns Sco- tus, a native of Britain, a. d. 1265, a monk of the order of St. Francis, Doctor Subtilis, was in that age the ablest advocate of the system then styled Semipelagian. The controversies then revived were perpetuated for many ages, the Dominicans and the Thomists in general advocating unconditional election and efficacious grace, and the Franciscans and the Scotists in general advocating conditional election and the inalienable power of the human will to co-operate with or to resist divine grace. The same disputes under various party names continue to agitate the Romish Church since the Reformation, although the genius of her ritualistic system, and the predominance of the Jesuits in her councils, have seciu'ed within her bounds the almost universal prevalence of Semipelagianism. The general Council, commenced at Trent, a. d. 1546, at- tempted to form a non-committal Creed that Avould satisfy the adherents of both systems. Accordingly the Dominicans and Franciscans have both claimed that their respective views were sanctioned by that Synod. The truth is that while the general and indefinite statements of doctrine to be found among its canons are often Augustinian in form, the more detailed and accurate explanations which follow these are uniformly Semi- pelagian. — Principal Cunningham's \"Historical Theology,\" vol. 1, pp. 483-495. The order of the Jesuits, founded by Ignatius Loyola, a. d. 1541, has always been identified with Semipelagian Theology. Lewis ]\\Iolina, a Spanish Jesuit, a. d. 1588, the inventor of tiie distinction denoted by the term \"Scientia jMedia,\" attained to such distinction as its advocate, that its adherents in the Papal Church have been for ages styled Molinists. In 1638 Janse- 100 COMPARISON OF SYSTEMS. nius, Bishop of Ypres in the Netherlands died leaving behind him his great Avork, Angnstinns, wherein he clearly unfolded and established by copious extracts tlie true theological system of Augustine. This book occasioned very wide-spread conten- tions, was ferociously opposed by the Jesuits, and condemned by the Bulls of Popes Innocent X. and Alexander VII., a. d. 1653 and 1656 — which last were followed in 1713 by the more celebrated Bull '\"'' imigenitus'\" of Clement XL, condemning the New Testament Commentary of Qaesnel. The Augustinians in that Church were subsequently called Jansenists, and had their principal seat in Holland and Belgium and at Port Eoyal near Paris. They have numbered among them some very illus- trious names, as Tillemont, Arnauld, Nicole, Pascal, and Quesnel. These controversies between the Dominicans and Molinists, the Jansenists and Jesuits, have continued even to our own time, although at present Semipelagianism shares with Jesuitism in its almost unlimited sway in the Papal Church, which has def- initely triumphed in the Vatican Council, 1870. 9. What is the position of the Lidheran Church ivith relation to these great systems ? Luther, a monk of the order of Augustine, and an earnest disciple of that father, taught a system of faith agreeing in spirit and in all essential points with that afterwards more sys- tematically developed by Calvin. The only important point in which he differed from the common consensus of the Calvinistic Churches related to the literal physical presence of the entire person of Christ in, with, and under the elements in the Eucharist. With these opinions of Luther Melanclithon appears to have agreed at the time he published the first edition of his \" Loci Communes.\" His opinions however as to the freedom of man and the sovereignty of divine grace were subsequently grad- ually modified. After the death of Luther, at the Leipsic Con- ference in 1548, he explicitly declared his agreement with the Si/nergists, who maintain that in the regenerating act the hu- man will co-operates with divine grace. ]\\Ielanchthon, on the other hand, held a view of the relation of the sign to tlie grace signified thereby in the Sacraments, much more nearly con- forming to opinions of the disciples of Zwingle and Calvin than generally prevailed in his own Church. His position on both these points gave great offence to the Old Lutherans, and occasioned protracted and bitter controversies. Finally, the Old or Strict Lutheran party prevailed over their antago- nists, and their views received a complete scientific statement in the \" Formula Concordiae\" published 1580. Although this re- markable document never attained a position by the side of THE LUTHERAN SYSTEM. 101 the Augsburg Confession and Apology as the universally rec- ognized Confession of the Lutheran Churches, it may justly be taken as the best available witness as to what strictly Lutheran theology when developed into a complete system really is. The Characteristics of Lutheran theology as contrasted with that of the Reformed Churches may be briefly stated under the Ibllowing heads : 1st. As to Theology proper and Christology the only points in which it differs from Calvinism are the following: (1.) As to the divine attributes of sovereign foreordination, they hold that as far as it is concerned with the actions of moral agents it is limited to those actions which are morally good, while it sustains no determining relation to those which are bad. (jo^ foreknoioa all events of whatever kind; he foreor- dains all the actions of necessary agents, and the good actions of free agents — but nothing else. (2.) As to Christology, they hold that in virtue of the hypo- statical union the human element of Christ's person partakes with the divine in at least some of its peculiar attributes. Thus his human soul shares in the omniscience and omnipo-j tehee of his divinity, and his body' in its omnipresence, and/ together they have the power of giving life to the truly believW ing recipient of the sacrament. 2d. As to Anthropology\", they hold views identical with those held by the staunchest advocates of the Reformed Theology — as for instance the antecedent and immediate imputation of Adam's public sin ; the total moral depravity of all his descend- ants from birth and by nature, and their absolute inability to do aright in their own strength any thing which pertains to their relation to God. 3d. As to the great central elements of Soteriology, they agree with the Reformed with great exactness as to the nature and necessity of the expiatory work of Christ; as to forensic justification through the imputation to the believer of both the active and passive obedience of Christ; as to the nature and office of justifying faith ; as to the sole agency of divine grace in the regeneration of the sinner, with which, in the first in- stance, the dead soul is unable to co-operate ; as to God's eter- nal and sovereign election of believers in Christ, not because of any thing foreseen in them, but because of his own gracious will — and consequently as to the fact that the salvation of every soul really saved is to be attributed purely and solely to the grace of God, and not in any degree to the co-operating will or merit of the man himself At the same time they teach, with obvious logical incon- sistency, that the grace of the gospel is in divine intention 102 COMPARISON OF SYSTEMS. absolutely universal. Christ died equally and in the same sense for all men. He gives grace alike to all men. Those who are lost are lost because they resist the grace. Those Avho are saved owe their salvation simply to the grace they have in common with the lost — to the very same grace — not to a greater degree of grace nor to a less degree of sin — not to their own improvement of grace, but simply to the grace itself. According to them God sovereignly elects all those who are saved, but he does not sovereignly pass over those who are lost. He gives the same grace to all men, and the difference is determined by the persistent resistance of those who are lost. The grand distinction of Lutheranism however relates to their doctrine of the Eucharist. They hold to the real phys- ical presence of the Lord in the Eucharist, in, with, and under the elements, and that the grace signified and conveyed by the sacraments is necessary to salvation, and conveyed ordi- narily by no other means. Hence the theology and church life of the strict Lutherans centre in the sacraments. They differ from the high sacramental party in the Episcopal Church chiefly in the fact that they ignore the dogma of apostolical succession, and the traditions of the early church. 10. Inio icliat tivo great parties has the Protestant loorld always been divided? The whole Protestant world from the time of the Reforma- tion has been divided into two great families of churches, clas- sified severally as Lutheran, or those whose character was derived from Luther and ]\\Ielanchth.on ; and as Reformed, or those who have received the characteristic impress of Calvin. The Lutheran family of churches comprises ail- of those Prot- estants of Germauy, of Hungary, and the Baltic provinces of Russia, who adhere to the Augsburg Confession, together with the national churches of Denmark and of Norway and Sweden, and the large denomination of the name in America. These are estimated as amounting to a population of about twenty- five millions of pure Lutherans, Avhile the Evangelical Church of Prussia, which was formed of a political union of the adhe- rents of the two Confessions, embraces probably eleven millions and a half Their Symbolical Books are the Augsburg Con- fession and Apology, the Articles of Smalcald, Luther's Larger and Smaller Catechism, and, as received by the Stricter party, the Formula Concordiae. The Calvtnistic or Reformed churches embrace, in the strict usage of the term, all those Protestant Churches which derive their Theology from Geneva; and among these, because of obvious qualifying conditions, the Episcopal Churches of England, Ireland, and America form a subdivision UNITARIANISM. 103 by themselves; and the Wesleyan Methodists, who are usually classed among the Keformed because they were historically developed from that stock, are even yet more distinctly than the parent church of England removed from the normal type of the general class. In a general sense, however, this class comprises all those churches of Germany which subscribe to the Heidelburg Catechism, the churches of Switzerland, France, Holland, England, and Scotland, the Independents and Baptists of England and America, and the various branches of the Pres- byterian Church in England, Ireland, and America. These em- brace about eight millions German Eeformed; two millions in the Reformed church of Hungary; twelve millions and a half Episcopalians ; Presbyterians, six millions ; Methodists, three millions and a half; Baptists, four millions and a half; and Independents, one million and a half; — in all about thirty-eight millions. The principal confessions of the Reformed Church are the Gallic, Belgic, 2d Helvetic, and Scotch Confessions; the Heidel- burg Catechism ; the Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of Eng- land ; the Canons of the Synod of Dort, and the Confession and Catechisms of the Westminster Assembly. 11. State the Origin of the Unitarian Hereby. In the early church the Ebionites, a Jewish-Gnostic Chris- tian sect, were the only representatives of. those in modern times called Socinians. A party among them were called Elkesaites. Their ideas, with special modifications, are found expressed in the \"Clementine Homilies,\" written about a. d. 150 in Ori- ental Syi-ia. The most distinguished humanitarians in the early church were the two Theodotuses of Rome, both laymen, Arte- mon (flSO) and Paul of Samosata, bishop of Antioch (2(30-270), deposed by a Council held 269. j\\Iost of these admitted the supernatural birth of Christ, but maintained that he was a mere man, honored by a special divine influence. They admitted an apotheosis or relative deification of Christ consequent upon his earthly achievements. (Dr. E. De Pressense, \"Early Years of Christianity,\" Part 3, bk. 1, chs. 3 and 5). Cerinthus, who lived during the last of the first and the first of the second century, held that Jesus was a mere man born of Mary and Joseph, that the Christ or Logos came down upon him in the shape of a dove at his baptism, when he was raised to the dignity of the son of God, and wrought miracles, etc. The Logos left the man Jesus to sufi'er alone at his cruci- fixion. The resurrection also was denied. They were succeeded by the Arians in the fourth century. During the Middle Ages there remained no party within the lOJ: COMPARISON OF SYSTEMS. church that openly denied the supreme divinity of our Lord. In modern times Unitarianism revived at the period of the Reformation through tlie agency of Lsehus Socinus of Italy, It was carried by him into Switzerland and existed there as a doctrine professed by a few conspicuous heretics from 1525 to 1560. The most prominent of its professors were the Socini, Servetus, and Ochino. It existed as an organized church at Racow in Poland, where the exiled heretics found a refuge from 1539 to 1658, when the Socinians were driven out of Poland by the Jesuits, and passing into Holland became ab- sorbed in the Remonstrant or Arminian Churches. In 1609 Schmetz drew up from materials afforded by the teaching of Faustus Socinus, the nephew of Laslius, and of J. Crellius, the Racovian Catechism, which is the standard of Socinianism (see Ree's translation, 1818.) After their dispersion, Andrew Wisso- watius and others collected the most important writings of their leading theologians under the title \"Bibliotheca Fratrum Polo- norum.\" Socinianism Avas developed by these writers with consummate ability, .and crystalized into its most perfect form, as a logical system. It is purely Unitarian in its theology — Hmnanitarian in its Christology, Pelagian in its Anthrojjohgi/ — and its Soteriology was developed in perfect logical and ethical consistency with those elements. A statement of its charac- teristic positions will be found below. It reappeared again as a doctrine held by a few isolated men in England in the seventeenth century. During tlie eighteenth century a number of degenerate Presbyterian Churches in Eng- land lapsed into Socinianism, and towards the end of the same century a larger number of Congregational Churches in Eastern Massachusetts followed their example, and these together con- stitute the foundation of the modern Unitarian Denomination. \" Its last form is a modification of the old Socinianism formed under the pressure of evangelical religion on the one hand, and of rationalistic criticism on the other. Priestley, Channing, and J. Martineau are the examples of the successive phases of Modern Unitarianism. Priestley, of the old Socinian- ism, building itself upon a sensational philosophy; Channing, of an attempt to gain a large development of the spiritual element; Martineau, of the el.evation of view induced by the phil()so])hy of Cousin, and the introduction of the idea of his- torical progress in religious ideas.\" — \"Farrar's Crit. Hist, of Free Thought,\" Bampton Lecture, 1862. 12. At loliat date and under what circumstances did modern Arminianism arise ? James Arminius, professor of theology in the university of THE REMONSTRANTS. 105 Leyden from 1G02 until his death in 1609, althongh a minis- ter of the Calvinistic Church of Holland, at first secretly, and afterwards more openly, advocated that scheme of theological opinion which has ever subsequently been designated by his name. These views were rapidly diffused, and at the same time strongly opposed by the principal men in the church. His disciples, consequently, about a year after his death formed themselves into an organized party, and in that capacity pre- sented a Bemonstrance to the States of Holland and AVest Fries- land, praying to be allowed to hold their places in the church without being subjected by the ecclesiastical courts to vexatious examinations as to their orthodoxy. From the fact that the ut- terance of this Remonstrance was their first combined act as a party, they were afterwards known in history as Remonstrants. Soon after this the Remonstrants, for the sake of defining their position, presented to the authorities five Articles express- ing their belief on the subject of Predestination and Grace. This is the origin of the famous \"Five Points\" in the controversy between Calvinism and Arminianism. Very soon however the controversy took a much wider range, and the Arminians were forced by logical consistency to teach radically erroneous views with respect to the nature of sin, original sin, imputation, the nature of the Atonement, and Justification by faith. Some of their later writers carried the rationalistic spirit inherent in their system to its legitimate results in a hardly qualified Pelagianism, and some were even suspected of Socinianism. As all other means had failed to silence the innovators, the States General called together a General Synod at Dort in Holland, which held its sessions in the year 1618-1619. It consisted of pastors, elders, and theological professors from the churches of Flolland, and depiities from the churches of Eng- land, Scotland, Hesse, Bremen, the Palatinate and Switzerland: the promised attendance of delegates from the French churches being prevented by an interdict of their king. The foreign delegates present were nineteen Presbyterians from Reformed churches on the Continent^ and one from Scotland, and four Episcopalians from the church of England headed by the bisliop of Llandaflf. Tliis Synod unanimously condemned the doctrines of the Arminians, and in their Articles confirmed the common Calvinistic faith of tlie Reformed churches. The most distin- guished Remonstrant Theologians who succeeded Arminius were Episcopius, Ciu'celkeus, Limborch, Le Clerc, Wetstein, and the illustrious jurisconsult Grotius. The denomination of Methodists in Great Britain and Amer- ica is the only large Protestant body in the world with an avowedly Arminian Creed. Their Arminianism, however, as ^ 106 COMPARISON OF SYSTEMS. presented by their standard writer, Richard Watson, an incom- parably more competent theologian than Wesley, is far less removed from the Calvinism of the Westminster Assembly than the system of the later Remonstrants, and should always be designated by the qualified phrase \" Evangelical Arminian- ism.\" In the hands of Watson the Anthropology and Soteri- ology of Arminianism are in a general sense nearly assimilated to the corresponding provinces of Lutheranism, and of the Cal- vinism of Baxter, and of the French School of the seventeenth century. 13. Give an outline of the main positions of the Sodnian System. Theology and Christology. ^^ 1st. Divine Unity. (a.) This iTmty inconsistent with any personal distinctions in the Godhead. (l).) Christ Jsajnere man. (c.) The Holy Ghost is an impersonal divine influence. 2d. Divine Attributes. (a.) There is no principle of vindicatory justice in God. Nothing to prevent his acceptance of sinners on the simple ground of repentance. {h.) Future contingent events are essentially unknowable. The foreknowledge of God does not extend to such events. Anthropology. (a.) Man was created without positive moral character. The \" image of God \" in which man was said to be created did not include holiness. (&.) Adam in eating the forbidden fruit committed actual sin, and thereby incurred the divine displeasure, but he retained nevertheless the same moral nature and tendencies with which he was created, and he transmitted these intact to his posterity. (r.) The guilt of Adam's sin is not imputed. (c/.) Man is now as able by nature to discharge all his obli- gations as he ever was. The circumstances under which man's character is now formed are more unfavorable than in Adam's case, and therefore man is weak. But God is infinitely mer- ciful; and obligation is graded by abihty. I\\Ian was created naturally mortal and would have died had he sinned or not. SOTERIOLOGY. The great object of Christ's mission Avas to teach and to give assurance with respect to those truths concerning which the conclusions of mere human reason are problematical. This he does both by doctrine and example. 1st. Christ did not execute the office of priest upon earth; but only in heaven, and there in a very indefinite sense. THE SOCINIAN SYSTEM. 107 2d. The main office of Clirist was prophetical. He taught a new law. Gave an example of a holy life. Taught the per- sonality of God. And illustrated the doctrine of a future life by his own resiu'rection. od. His death was necessary only as a condition unavoid- ably prerequisite to his resurrection. It was also designed to make a moral impression upon sinners, disposing them to re- pentance on account of sin, and assuring them of the clemency of God. No propitiation of divine justice was necessary, nor would it be possible by means of vicarious suffering. ESCATOLOGY. 1st. In the intermediate period between death and the res- urrection the soul remains unconscious. 2d. \"For it is'evident from the authorities cited, that they (the older Socinians), equally with others, constantly maintain that there will be a resurrection both of the just and of the unjust, and that the latter shall be consigned to everlasting punishment, but the former admitted to everlasting life.\" — B. Wissowatius. \"The doctrine of the proper eternity of hell torments is rejected by most Unitarians of the present day (1818), as in tlieir opinion wholly irreconcilable Avith the divine goodness, and unwarranted by the Scriptures. In reference to the future fate of the wicked, some hold that after the resurrection they will be annihilated or consigned to ' everlasting destruction ' in the literal sense of the words: but most have received the doctrine of universal restoration, which maintains that all men, however depraved their characters may have been in this life, will, by a corrective discipline, suited in the measure of its severity to the nature of each particular case, be brought ulti- mately to goodness and consequently to happiness.\" — Rees's \" Kacovian Catechism,\" pp. 367, \"dQ^. ECCLESIOLOGY. 1st. The church is simply a voluntary society. Its object mutual improvement. Its common bond similarity of senti- ments and pursuits. Its rule is human reason. 2d. The Sacraments are simply commemorative and teach- ing ordinances. 14. Give an outline of the main features of the Arniinian System. Divine Attributes. 1st. They admit that vindicatory justice is,, a. divine at- tribute, but hold that it is relaxable, rather optional than essential, ratFer belonging to administrative policy than to necessary principle. 2d. They admit that God foreknows all events without ex- 108 COMPARISON OF SYSTEMS. ception. They invented the distinction expressed by the term Scierdia 3Iedia to explain God's certain foreknowledge of future events, the futurition of which remain undetermined by his will, or any other antecedent cause. 3d. They deny that God's foreordination extends to the voli- tions of free agents, and hold that the eternal election of men to salvation is not absolute, but conditioned upon foreseen faith and obedience. Anthropology. 1st. Moral character can not be created but is determined only by previous self-decision. 2d. Both liberty and I'esponsibility necessarily involve pos- session of power to the contrary. 3d. They usually deny the imputation of the guilt of Adam's first sin. 4tli. The strict Arminians deny total depravity, and admit only the moral enfeeblement of nature. Arminius and Wesley were more orthodox but less self-consistent. 5th. They deny that man has ability to originate holy action or to carry it on in his own unassisted strength — but affirm that every man has power to co-operate with, or to resist ^'■common grace.'\" That which alone distinguishes the saint from the sin- ner is his own use or abuse of grace. 6th. They regard gracious influence as rather moral and suasory than as a direct and effectual exertion of the new cre- ative energy of God. 7th. They maintain the liability of the saint at every stage of his earthl}^ career to fall from grace. SOTERIOLOGY. 1st. They admit that Christ made a vicarious off'ering of himself in place of sinful men, and yet deny that he suffered either the literal penalty of the law, or a full equivalent for it, and maintain that his sufferings were graciously accepted as a substitute for the penalty. 2d. They hold that not only with respect to its sufficiency and adaptation, but also in the intention of the Father in giv- ing the Son, and of the Son in dying, Christ died in the same sense for all men alike. 3d. That the acceptance of Christ's satisfaction in the place of the infliction of the penalty on sinners in person involves a relaxation of the divine law. 4th. That Christ's satisfaction enables God in consistency with his character, and the interests of his general government, to offer salvation on easier terms. The gospel hence is a new law, demanding faith and evangelical obedience in the stead of the original demand of perfect obedience. THE CALVINISTIC SYSTEM. 109 5th. Hence Christ's work does not actually save any, but makes the salvation of all men possible — removes leg-al obsta- cles out of the way — does not secure faith but makes salvation available on the condition of faith. 6th. Sufficient influences of the Holy Spirit, and sufficient opportunities and means of grace are granted to all men. 7th. It is possible for and obligatory upon all men in this life to attain to evangelical perfection — which is explained as a being perfectly sincere — a being animated by perfect love — and a doing all that is required of us under the gospel dispensation. 8th. With respect to the heathen some have held that in some way or other the gospel is virtually, if not in form, preached to all men. Others have held that in the future world there are three conditions corresponding to the three great classes of men as they stand related to the gospel in this world — the Status Credentium; the Status Incredulorum; the Status Ignorantium. 15. Give 'a brief outline of the main features of the Calvinistic System. • ^ ~'** Theology. 1st. God is an absolute sovereign, infinitely wise, righteous, benevolent, and powerful, determining from eternity the cer- tain futurition of all events of every class according to the counsel of his own will. 2d. Vindicatory Justice is an essential and immutable per- fection of the divine nature demanding the full punishment of all sin, the exercise of which can not be relaxed or denied by the divine will. Christology. The Mediator is one single, eternal, divine person, at once very God, and very man. In the unity of the Theanthropic person the two natures remain pin-e and unmixed, and retain each its separate and incommunicable attributes distinct. The personality is that of the eternal and unchangeable Logos. The hmnan nature is impersonal. All mediatorial actions in- volve the concurrent exercise of the energies of both natures according to their several properties in the unity of the single person. Anthropology. 1st. God created man by an immediate fiat of omnipotence and in a condition of physical, intellectual, and moral fault- lessness, with a positively formed moral character. 2d. The guilt of Adam's public sin is by a judicial act of God immediately charged to the account of each of his de- 110 COMPARISON OF SYSTEMS. scendants from the moment he begins to exist antecedently to any act of his own. 3d. Hence men come into existence in a condition of con- demnation deprived of those influences of the Holy Spirit npon which their moral and spiritual life depends. 4th. Hence they come into moral agency deprived of that original righteousness which belonged to human nature as created in Adam, and with an antecedent prevailing tendency in their nature to sin, which tendency in them is of the nature of sin, and worthy of punishment. 5th. jNIan's nature since the fall retains its constitutional faculties of reason, conscience, and free-will, and hence man continues a responsible moral agent, but he is nevertheless spiritually dead, and totally averse to spiritual good, and abso- lutely unable to change his own heart, or adequately to dis- charge 9,x\\j of those duties which spring out of his relation to God. SOTERIOLOGY. 1st. The salvation of man is absolutely of grace. God was free in consistency with the infinite perfections of liis nature to save none, few, many, or all, according to his sovereign good pleasure. 2d. Christ acted as Mediator in pursuance of an eternal cov- enant formed between the Father and the Son, according to which he was put in the law-place of his own elect people as their personal substitute, and as such by his obedience and suffering he discharged all the obligations growing out of their federal relations to law — by his sufferings vicariously endurnig their penal debt — by his obedience vicariously discharging those covenant demands, upon which their eternal well-being was suspended — thus fulfilling the requirements of the law, satisfying the justice of God, and securing the eternal salvation of those for Avhom he died. 3d. Hence, by his death he purchased the saving influences of the Holy Spirit for all for whom he died. And the Holy Spirit infallibly applies the redemption purchased by Christ to all for whom he intended it, in the precise time and under the precise conditions predetermined in the eternal Covenant of Grace — and he does this by the immediate and intrinsically efficacious exercise of his power, operating directly within them, and in the exercises of their renewed nature bringing them to act faith and repentance and all gracious obedience. 4th. Justification is a judicial act of God, whereby imputing to us the perfect righteousness of Christ, includhig his active and passive obedience, he proceeds to regard and treat us accord- ingly, pronouncing all the penal claims of law to be satisfied, CALVINISTIC DOCTRINE. Ill and lis to be graciously entitled to all the immunities and rewards conditioned in the original Adamic covenant upon perfect obedience. 5th. Although absolute moral perfection is unattainable in this life, and assurance is not of the essence of faith, it is never- theless possible and obligatory upon each believer to seek after and attain to a full assurance of his own personal salvation, and leaving the things that are behind to strive after perfection in all things. 6th. Although if left to himself every believer would fall in an instant, and although most believers do experience tem- porary seasons of backsliding, yet God by the exercise of his grace in their hearts, in pursuance of the provisions of the eternal Covenant of Grace and of the purpose of Christ in dying, infallibly prevents even the weakest believer from final apostasy.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "25", "sort_key": 25, "group": "Chapter VII", "question": "What  are  their  legitimate  uses  ?", "answer": "114: CREEDS AND COh^FESSIONS. They have been found in all ages of the church nseful for the following purposes. (1.) To mark, preserve, and dissemi- nate the attainments made in the knowledge of Christian truth by any branch of the church in any grand crisis of its devel- opment. (2.) To discriminate the truth from the glosses of false teachers, and accurately to define it in its integrity and due proportions. (3.) To act as the bond of ecclesiastical fel- lowship among those so nearly agreed as to be able to labor together in harmony. (4.) To be used as instruments in the great work of popular instruction. 3. What is fJie growid and extent of their authority, or poiver to bind the conscience? The matter of all these Creeds and Confessions binds the consciences of men only so far as it is purely scriptural, and because it is so. The form in which that matter is stated, on the other hand, binds only those wdio have voluntarily sub- scribed the Confession and because of that subscription. In all churches a distinction is made between the terms upon which private members are admitted to membership, and the terms upon which office-bearers are admitted to their sacred trusts of teaching and ruling. A church has no right to make any thing a condition of membership which Christ has not made a condition of salvation. The church is Christ's fold. The Sacraments are the seals of his covenant. All have a right to claim admittance who make a credil)le profession of the true religion, that is, who are presumptively the people of Christ. This credible profession of com-se involves a compe- tent knowledge of the fundamental doctrines of Christianity, a declaration of personal faith in Christ and of devotion to his service, and a temper of mind and a habit of life consistent therewith. On the other hand, no man can be inducted into any office in any church who does not profess to believe in the truth and wisdom of the constitution and laws it will be his duty to conserve and administer. Otherwise all harmony of sentiment and all efficient co-operation in action would be impossible. It is a universally admitted principle of morals that the animus imponeyitis, the sense in which the persons who impose an oath, or promise, or engagement, understand it, binds the conscience of the persons who bind themselves by oath or promise. All candidates for office in the Presb^-terian Church, therefore, do either personally believe the \"system of doctrine\" taught in oin- Standards, in the sense in which it has been historically understood to be God's truth, or solemnly lie to God and man. THE ANCIENT CREEDS. 115 4. Wliat ivere the Creeds of the ancient Church, which remain the common inheritance of all branches of the modern Church ? I. The Apostle's Creed, so called. This Creed gradually grew out of the comparison and assimilation of the Baptismal Creeds of the principal Cliurches in the West or Latin half of the ancient Church. Tlie most complete and popular forms of these baptismal creeds were those of Rome, Aquileja, Milan, Ravenna, Carthage, and Hippo, \"of which the Roman form, enriching itself by additions from others, gradually gained the more general acceptance. While the several articles considered separately are all of Nicene or Anti-nicene origin, the creed as a whole in its present form, can not be traced be^^ond the sixth century.\" — Schaff's \"Creeds of Christendom,\" vol. 1. p. 20. It was subjoined by the Westminster divines to their Cate- chism, together with the Lord's Prayer and Ten Command- ments. \" Not as thoiTgh it was composed by the apostles, or ought to be esteemed canonical Scripture, but because it is a brief sum of Christian faith, agreeable to the word of God, and anciently received in the Churches of Christ.\" It was retained by the framers of the Constitution of the Presbyterian Church in the United States as part of our Catechism. It is a part of the Catechism of the Methodist Episcopal Church also. \"It is used in the baptismal Confession of the Roman, English, Re- formed, Lutheran, Methodist Episcopal, and Protestant Epis- copal Cliurches.\" It is as follows: \"I believe in God the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth; and in Jesus Christ his only Son, onr Lord ; who was conceived by the Holy Ghost ; born of the Vii-giu Mary ; suffered under Pontius Pilate ; was crucified, dead and buried ; he descended into hell (Hades) ; the third day he rose again from the dead, he ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of God the Father almighty; from thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead. I believe in the Holy Ghost, the holy catholic church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the hfe everlasting. Amen. \" II. The Nicene Creed, in Avhich the true Trinitarian faith of the church is accurately defined in opposition to Arian and Semiarian errors. It exists in three forms, and evidently was moulded upon pre-existing forms similar to those from which the Apostles' Creed grew. 1st. The original form in which it was composed and en- acted by the QEcumenical Council of Nice, a. d. 325. \"We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of all things visible and invisible. \"And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, begotten of the 116 CREEDS AND CONFESSIONS. Father, the only begotten; that is, of the essence of the Father, God of God, Light of Light, veiy God of very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance {oi,ioov6iov) with the Father; by ■whom all things were made, both in heaven and on earth; who for lis men, and for our salva- tion, came down and was incarnate, and was made man; he sviffered, and the third day he rose again, ascended into heaven; from thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead. \"And in the Holy Ghost. \" But those who say: ' There was a time when he was not; ' and, ' He was not before he was made;' and, 'He was made out of nothing,' or, 'He is of another substance' or 'essence,' or, 'The Son of God is created' or 'changeable,' or 'alterable' — they are condemned by the holy catholic and apostolic Church.\" 2d. The Nicaeno-Constantinopolitan Creed. This consists of the Niceiie Creed, above given, sKghtly changed in the first article, and witli the clanses defining- the Person and work of the Holy Ghost added, and the Anathema omittted. This new form of the Creed has been generally attributed to the Council of Constantinople, convened by the Emperor Theodosius, a. d. 381, to condemn the doctrine of the Macedonians, who denied the divinity of the Holy Ghost. These changes in the Nicene Creed were unquestionably made about that date, and the several \" clauses \" added existed previously in formularies pro- posed by individual theologians. But there is no evidence that the changes were made by the Council of Constanti- nople. They were, however, recognized by the Council of Chalcedon, a. d. 451. It is in this latter form that the Creed of Nice is now used in the Greek Church. 3d. The third or Latin form of this creed, in which it is used in the Roman, Episcopal, and Lutheran Churches, differs from the second form above mentioned only in (rf.) restoring the clause (\"Dens de Deo\") \"God of God,\" to the first clause; it belonged to the original Creed of Nice, but had been dropped out of the Greek Nicajno-Constantinopolitan form. (/>.) The famous '■'■ Filioque\" term was added to the clause affirming the procession of the Spirit from the Father. This was added by the provincial Council of Toledo, Spain, a. d. 589, and gradually accepted by the whole Western Church, and thence by all Protestants, without any oecumenical ratification. That phrase is rejected by the Greek Chiu'ch. The text of this Creed as received with reverence by all Catholics and Protestants is as follows (Schaff's \"Creeds of Christendom,\" pp. 25-29): \"I believe in one God the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible; and in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only begotten son of God, begotten of his Father before all worlds; God of God, Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten not made, being of one substance with the Father; by whom aU things were made; Who THE ANCIENT CREEDS. 117 foi\" us men and for our salvation came down from lieaven, and was incar- nate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary, and was made man; He was crucified, also for us, under Pontius Pilate. He suffered and was buried; and the third day he rose again according to the Scriptures; and ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of the Father. And he shall come again wdth glory to judge both the quick and the dead; whose king- dom shall have no end. And I believe in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver of life, who proceedeth from the Father and the Son (this phrase \"filioque\" was added to the creed of Constantinople by the council of the western church held at Toledo, a. d. 589), who, with the Father and the Son together is worshipiaed and glorified, who spake by the prophets. And I believe one Catholic and Apostolic Church, I acknowl- edge one baptism for the remission of sins; and I look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. \" III. The Athanasian Creed, so called, also styled, from its opening words, the symbol Quicunque vuU, is vulgarly ascribed to the great Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria, from about A. D. 328 to A. D. 373, and the leader of the orthodox party in the church in opposition to the arch heretic, Arius. But modern scholars unanimously assign to it a later origin, and trace it to Northern Africa and the school of Augustine. Big- ham refers it to Virgilius Tapsensis at the end of the fifth cen- tury. Schaff says its complete form does not appear before the end of the eighth century. Tliis Creed is received in the Greek, Roman, and English Churches, but it has been left out of the Prayer Book of the Episcopal Church of America. It presents a most admirably stated exposition of the faith of all Christians, and it is objected to only because of the \" damnatory clauses,\" which ought never to be attached to any human composition, especially one mak- ing such nice distinctions upon so profound a subject. It is as follows: \" 1. Whosoever wishes to be saved, it is above all necessary for him to hold the Catholic faith. 2. Which, unless each one shall jjreserve perfect and inviolate, he shall certainly* perish for ever. 3. But the CathoHc faith is this, that we worship one God in trinity, and trinity in unity. 4. Neither confounding the persons, nor separating the sub- stance. 5. For the jjerson of the Father is one, of the Son another, and of the Holy Ghost another. 6. But of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost there is one divinity, equal glory and co-eternal majesty. 7. What the Father is, the same is the Son, and the Holy Ghost. 8. The Father is uncreated, the Son uncreated, the Holy Ghost uncreated. 9. The Father is immense, the Son immense, the Holy Ghost immense. 10. The Father is eternal, the Son eternal, the Holy Ghost eternal. 11. And yet there are not three eternals, but one eternal. 12. So there ai'e not three (beings) uncreated, nor three immense, but one uncreated, and one immense. 13. In like manner the Father is omnipotent, the Son is omnii^otent, the Holy Ghost is omnipotent. 14. And yet there are not three omnipotents, but one omnipotent. 15. Thas the Father is God, the Son is God, the Holy Ghost is God. 118 CREEDS AND CONFESSIONS. 16. And yet there are not three Gods, but one God. 17. Thus the Father is Lord, the Son is Lord, and tlie Holy Ghost is Lord. 18. And yet there are not three Lords, but one Lord. 19. Because as we are thus compelled by Christian verity to confess each person severally to be God and Lord; so we are prohibited by the Catholic religion from saying that there are three Gods or Lords. 20. The Father was made from none, nor created, nor begotten. 21. The Son is from the Father alone, neither made, nor created, but begotten. 22. The Holy Ghost is from the Father and the Son, neither made, nor created, nor begotten, but proceeding. 23. Therefore there is one Father, not three fathers, one Son, not three sons, one Holy Ghost, not three Holy Ghosts. 24. And in this trinity no one is first or last, no one is greater or less. 25. But all the three co-eternal persons are co-equal among themselves; so that through all, as is above said, both unity in trinity, and trinity in unity is to be worshiiii^ed. 26. Therefore, he who wishes to be saved must think thus concerning i\\\\Q trinity. 27. But it is necessary to eternal salvation that he should also faithfully believe the incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ. 28. It is, therefore, true faith that we beheve and confess that our Lord Jesus Christ is both God and man. 29. He is God, generated from eternity from the substance of the Father; man, born in time from the substance of his mother. 30. Perfect God, per- fect man, subsisting of a rational soul and human flesh. 31. Equal to the Father in respect to his divinity, less than the Father in respect to his humanity. 32. Who, although he is God and man, is not two but one Christ. 33. But one, not from the conversion of his divinity into flesh, but from the assumption of his humanity into God. 34. One not at all from confusion of substance, but from unity of person. 35. For as a rational soul and flesh is one man, so God and man is one Christ. 36. Who .sutfered for our salvation, descended into hell, the third day rose from the dead. 37. Ascended to heaven, sitteth at the right hand of God the Father omnii^otent, whence he shall come to judge the living and the dead. 38. At whose coming all men shall rise again with their bodies, and shall render an account for their own works. 39. And they who have done well shall go into life eternal; they who have done evil into eternal fire. 40. This is the Cathohc faith, which, unless a man shall faithfully and firmly believe, he can not be saved. \" IV. The Creed op Chalcedon. The Emperor JMarcianiis called the fourth oecumenical council to meet at Chalcedon in Bithvnia, on the Bosphorus, opposite Constantinople, to put down the Eutychian and Nestorian heresies. The Council con- sisted of 630 bishops and sat from Oct. 8 to Oct. 31, a. u. 451. The principal part of the \"Definition of Faith\" agreed upon by this Covnicil is as follows: \"We, then, following the holy Fathers, all with one consent, teach men to confess, one and the same Son, our Lord Jesus Christ; the same perfect in Godhead and also perfect in Manhood; truly God, and truly Man, of a reasonable soul and body; consubstantial with the Father ac- cording to the Godhead, and consubstantial with us according to the Manhood ; in all things like unto us without sin ; begotten before aU ages of the Father according to the Godhead, and in these latter days, for us and for our salvation, born of Mary the Virgin Mother of God according to the Manhood. He is one and the same Christ, Son, Lord, CONFESSIONS OF ROMAN CHURCH. 119 Only-begotten, existing in two natures witliont mixture {d6vyxvri:^%), without change («r/3*';rroo;), without division [ddiaifiiroai), without separation ((t'^ojp/oroj?); the diversity of the two natures not being at all destroyed by their union, but the peculiar proi^erties of each nature being preserved, and concurring to one person and one subsistence, not parted or divided into two persons, but one and the same Son, and Only- begotten, God the Word, the Lord Jesus Christ; as the prophets from the beginning have declared concerning Him, and as the Lord Jesus Christ Himself hath taught us, and as the Creed of the holy fathers has delivered to us.\" This completed the development of the orthodox Church doctrine of the Trinity of Persons in the one God, and of the duality of natures in the one Christ. It remains a universally respected statement of the common faith of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "26", "sort_key": 26, "group": "Chapter VII", "question": "Wlmt  are  the  doctrinal  Stamlards  of  the  Church  of  Rome?", "answer": "Besides the above mentioned Creeds, all of which are of recognized authority in the Romish Church, their great Stand- ards of Faith are — 1st. The ^^ Canons and Decrees of the Cowwil of Trent,'' which they regard as the twentieth oecumenical council, and was called by Pope Pius IV. to oppose the progress of the Eeformation (a. d. 1545-1563). The decrees contain the pos- itive statements of Papal doctrine. The canons explain the decrees, distribute the matter under brief heads, and condemn the opposing doctrine on each point. Although studiously am- biguous, the system of doctrine taught is evidently though not consistently Semipelagian. 2d. The '■''Boman Catechism\" which explains and enforces the canons of the Council of Trent, was prepared by order of Pius IV. and promulgated by the authority of Pope Pius V., A. D. 1566. 3d. The '■'■Creed of F ope Pius IV.\" also called ^'•Prqfessio Fidei Tridentime\" or '■'■Forma Professionis Fidel CcdhoUcx^\" con- tains a summary of the doctrines taught in the Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent, and was promulgated in a bull by Pope Pius IV., a. d. 1564. It is subscribed to by all grades of Papal teachers and ecclesiastics, and by all converts from Protestantism, It is as follows: \"I, A. B., believe and profess with a firm faith all and every one of the things which are contained in the symbol of faith which is used in the holy Eoman Church; namely, I believe in one God the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invis- ible; and in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only -begotten Son of God, be- gotten of the Father before all worlds; God of God, Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, consvibstantial with the Father, by whom all things were made ; who for us men and for our salvation 120 CREEDS AND CONEESSIONS. came down from heaven, and was incarnate by tlie Holy Ghost of the Vii'gin Mary, and was made man; Was crucified for lis under Pontius Pilate, suti'ered and was buried, and rose again the third day according to the Scriptures, and ascended into heaven, sits at the right hand of the Father, and A\\'ill come again with glory to judge the living and the dead, of whose kingdom there will be no end; and in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Life-giver, Avho proceeds from the Father and the Son, who, together with the Father and the Son, is adored and glorified, who spake by the holy prophets; and one holy catholic and apostolic Church. I confess one baj^tism for the remission of sins, and I expect the resur- rection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen. \"I most firmly admit and embrace the apostolic and ecclesiastical traditions, and all other constitutions and observances of the same Church. I also admit the sacred Scriptures according to the sense which the holy mother Church has held and does hold, to whom it belongs to judge of the true sense and interpretation of the Scriptures; nor will I ever take or intei'pret them otherwise than accoi-diug to the unanimous consent of the fathers. I profess, also, that there are truly and properly seven sacraments of the new law, instituted by Jesus Christ our Lord, and necessary for the salvation of mankind, though all are not neces- sary for every one — namely baptism, confirmation, eucharist, penance, extreme unction, orders, and matrimony, and that they confer gi'ace; and of these, baj)tism, confirmation, and order can not be reiterated without sacrilege. I do also receive and admit the ceremonies of the Catholic Church, received and approved in the solemn administration of all the above-said sacraments. I receive and embrace all and every one of the things which have been defined and declared in the holy Council of Trent concerning sin and justification. I profess likewise that in the mass is ofiered to God a true, projjer, and propitiatory sacri- fice for the living and the dead; and that in the most holy sacrament of the eucharist there is truly, really, and substantially the body and blood, together with the soul and divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ, and that there is made a conversion of the whole substance of the bread into the body, and of the whole substance of the wine into the blood, which conversion the Catholic Church calls transubstantiation. I confess, also, that under either kind alone, Christ whole and entire, and a true sacra- ment is received. I constantly hold that there is a purgatory, and that the souls detained therein are heliied by the suflrages of the faithful. Lilvewise that the saints reigning together with Christ are to be honored and invoked, that they offer prayers to God for us, and that their relics are to be venerated. I most firmly assert that the images of Christ, and of the mother of God ever Virgin, and also of the other saints, are to be had and retained, and that due honor and veneration are to be given to them. I also affirm that the power of indulgences was left by Christ in the Church, and that the use of them is most wholesome to Christian people. I acknowledge the Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church, the mother and mistress of all churches; and I jjromise and swear true obe- dience to the Roman bishop, the successor of St. Peter, jji-ince of the apostles, and vicar of Jesus Christ. I also profess, and undoubtedly receive all other things delivered, defined, and declared by the sacred canons and general councils, and particularly by the holy Council of Trent [and by the Oecumenical Vatican Council delivered, defined, and declared, particularly concerning the primacy and infallible rule of the Koman Pontiff*] •Added by Decree of the \"Sacred Congregation of the Coimcil,\" Jan. 2, 1877. CONFESSIONS OF ROMAN AND GREEK CHURCHES. 121 \"And likewise I also condemn, reject, and anathematize all tliina:s contrary thereto, and all heresies whatsoever condemned, rejected and anathematized by the Ohvirch. This true Catholic faith, out of which none can be saved, which I now freely profess and truly hold, I., A. B., promise, vow and swear most constantly to hold, and profess the same whole and entire, with God's assistance, to the end of my life; and to procure as far as lies in my power, that the same shall be held, taught and preached by all who are under me, or who are intrusted to my care, in virtue of my office, so help me God, and these holy gospels of God — ^Amen,\" 4th. Tlie Holy CEciimenical Vatican Council assembled at the call of Pins IX. in the Basilica of the Vatican, Dec. 8, 1869, and continued its sessions until October 20, 1870, after which it was indefinitely postponed. The Decrees of this Council embrace two sections. I. \"The Dogmatic Constitution on the Catholic Faith.\" This embraces four chapters. Chap. 1 treats of God as Cre- ator ; chap. 2, of revelation ; chap. 3, of faith ; chap. 4, of faith and reason. These are followed by eighteen canons, in which the errors of modern rationalism and infidelity are condemned. II. \"First Dogmatic Constitution on the Church of Christ.\" This also embraces four chapters. Chap. 1 is entitled \"Of the Institution of the Apostolic Primacy in Blessed Peter;\" chap. 2, \"Of the Perpetuity of the Primacy of Blessed Peter in the Ro- man Pontiffs ; \" chap. 3, \" On the Power and Nature of the Primacy of the Iloman Pontiff;\" chap. 4, \"Concerning the In- fallible Teaching of the Roman Pontiff.\" \"The new features are contained in the last two chapters, which teach Papal Abso- lutism, and Papal InfalUbilify.'' These definitions are presented to a sufficient extent under Chapter V. of these \"Outhnes.\" In consequence of this principle of Papal Infallibility it nec- essarily follows, that the whole succession of Papal Bulls, and especially those directed against the Jansenists and the Decree of Pius IX. \"On the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin jMary,\" Dec. 8, 1854; and his Syllabus of Errors, Dec. 8, 1864, are all infallible and irreformable and parts of the amazing Standards of Faith professed by the Roman Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "27", "sort_key": 27, "group": "Chapter VII", "question": "JVJiat  are  the  Doctrinal  Standards  of  the  Greek  Church  ?", "answer": "The ancient church divided, from causes primarily political and ecclesiastical, secondarily doctrinal and ritual, into two great sections — the Eastern or Greek Church, and the West- ern or Latin Church. This division began to culminate in the seventh, and was consummated in the eleventh century. The Greek Church embraces about eighty millions of people, the majority of the Christians iidiabitants of the Turkish Empire, and the national churches of Greece and Russia. All the Prot- 122 CREEDS AND CONFESSIONS. estant Churches have originated from the Western or Latin division of the church. She arrogates to herself, pre-eminently, the title of \"Ortho- dox,\" because the original oecumenical Creeds defining the doctrines of the Trinity and the Person of Christ were pro- duced in the Eastern division of the ancient church and in the Greek language, and hence are in a special sense her inheri- tance, and because from the fact that her theology is absolutely unprogressive, she contents herself with the literal repetition of the old formulas. She adheres to the ancient Creeds and doctrinal decisions of the first seven oecumenical councils, and possesses a few modern Confessions and Catechisms. The most important of these are — 1st. The \"Orthodox Confession of the Catholic and Apostolic Greek Chiirch,\" composed by Peter Mogilas, IMetropolitan of Kieff in Russia, a. d. 1643, and approved by all the Eastern Patriarchs. 2d. The \"Decrees of the Synod of Jerusalem,\" or the Con- fession of Dositheus, 1672. 3d. The Piussian Catechisms which have the sanction of the Holy Synod, especially the Longer Catechism of Philaret, Met- ropolitan of Moscow, 1820-1867, unanimously approved by all the Eastern Patriarchs, and since 1839 generally used in the schools and churches of Ilussia. The Decrees of the Synod of Jerusalem teach substantially though less definitely the same doctrine as those of the Council of Trent as to the Scriptures and Tradition, good works and faith, justification, the sacraments, the sacrifice of the mass, the worship of saints, and purgatory. The Catechism of Philaret \" approaches more nearly to the evangelical principle of the supremacy of the Bible in matters of Christian faith and life than any other deliverance of the Eastern Church.\" — Scliaff's \"Creeds of Christendom,\" Vol. I., pp. 45 and 71.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "28", "sort_key": 28, "group": "Chapter VII", "question": "What  are  the  Dodrinal  Standards  of  the  Lvtheran  Church?", "answer": "Besides the great General Creeds which they receive in common with all Christians their Symbolical Books are —  1st. The Ati(/.'ihi(rc/ Confession, the joint authors of which were Luther and Melanchthon. Having been signed by the Protestant princes and leaders, it was presented to the em- peror and imperial diet in Augsburg, a. d. 1530. It is the oldest Protestant Confession, the ultimate basis of Lutheran theology, and the only universally accepted standard of the Lutheran Churches. It consists oi' two grand divisions. The LUTHERAN CONFESSIONS. 123 first embracing twenty-one articles, presents a positive state- ment of Christian doctrines as the Lutherans understand them ; and the second, embracing* seven articles, condemns the prin- cipal characteristic errors of the Papacy. It is evangelical in the Augustinian sense, although not as precise in statement as the more perfect Calvinistic Confessions, and it, of course, con- tains the germs of the peculiar Lutheran views as to the neces- sity of the Sacraments, and the relation of tlie saca-amental signs to the grace they signify. Yet these peculiarities are so far from being explicitly stated, that Calvin found it consistent with his views of divine truth to subscribe this great Confes- sion during his residence in Strasburg. In 1540, ten years after it had been adopted as the public symbol of Protestant Germany, Melanchthon produced an edi- tion in Latin wdiicli he altered in several particulars, and which was hence distinguished as the Variata, the original and only authentic form of the Confession being distinguished as the Invariata. The principal changes introduced in this edition incline towards Synergistic or Arminian views of divine grace on the one hand, and on the other to simple views as to the sacraments more nearly corresponding with those prevailing among the Reformed Churches. — See Shedd's \" Hist, of Christ. Doctrine,\" Book vii., chap. 2. See also the accurate and learn- edly illustrated edition of the Augsburg Confession by Rev. Charles Krauth, D.D. 2d. The Apohgi/ (Defence) of the Augsburg Confession, pre- pared by Melanchthon, a. d. 1530, and subscribed by the Pro- testant theologians, a. d. 1537, at Smalcald. 3d. The Larger and Smaller Cateddsms prepared by Luther, A. D. 1529, \"the first for the use of preachers and teachers, the last as a guide for youth.\" 4th. The Articles of Smalcald, drawn up by Luther, a. d. 1536, and inscribed by the evangelical theologians in February, A. D. 1537, at the place whose name they bear. 5th. The Formula Concordice (Form of Concord), prepared in A. D. 1577 by Jacob Andreas and Martin Chenniitz and others for the purpose of settling certain controversies which had sprung up in the Lutheran Church, especially («) concern- ing the relative action of divine grace and the human will in regeneration, (h) cojicerning the nature of the Lord's presence in the Eucharist. This Confession contains a more scientific and tiioroughly dev^eloped statement of the Lutheran doctrine than can be found in any other of their public symbols. Its authority is, however, acknowledged only by the high Lu- theran party, that is, by that party in the church which con- sistently carries the peculiarities of Lutheran theology out to 124 CREEDS AND CONFESSIONS. the most complete logical development. All these Lutheran S^'mbols niaj be found in Latin accurately edited in \" Libri Sjmbolici,\" by Dr. C. A. Hase, Leipsic, 1836, and in Schaflf's \"Creeds of Christendom.\" 8. What are the principal Confessions of the Reformed or Cal- vinistic Churches ? The Confessions of the Keformed Churches are very consid- erable in number, and vary somewhat in character, although they substantially agree in the system of doctrines they teach. 1st. \"The oldest Confession of that branch of Protestantism which was not satisfied with the Lutheran tendency and sym- bol is the Confessio Tetrapolitana, — so-called, because the theo- logians of four cities of upper Germany, Strasburg, Constance, Memmingen, and Lindau, drew it up, and presented it to the emperor at the same diet of Augsburg, in 1530, at wdiich the first Lutheran symbol was presented. The principal theolo- gian concerned in its construction was Martin Bucer, of Stras- burg. It consists of twenty-two articles, and agrees generally with the Augsburg Confession. The points of difference per- tain to the doctrine of the sacraments. Upon this subject it is Zwinglian. These four cities, however, in 1532 adopted the Augsburg Confession, so that the Confessio Tetrapolitana ceased to be the formally adopted symbol of any branch of the church.\" — Shedd's \"Hist, of Christ. Doctrine,\" Book vii., chap. 2. 2d. The Reformed Confessions of the highest authority among the chm-ches are the following: (1.) The Second Helvetic Confession, prepared by Bullinger, A. D. 1564, and published 1566, superseded the First Helvetic Confession of a. d. 1536. It was adopted by all the Eeformed Churches in Switzerland \\vith the exception of Basle (which was content with the old Confession) and by the Reformed Churches in Poland, Hungary, Scotland and France, and it has always been esteemed as of the highest authority by all the Reformed Churches. (2.) The Heidelberg Catechism, prepared by Ursinus and Ole- vianvis a. d. 1562. It was established by civil authority as the doctrinal standard as well as the instrument of religious in- striu'tion for tlie churches of the. Palatinate, a German state at that time including both banks of tlie Rhine. It was indorsed by the Synod of Dort, and is a doctrinal standard of the Re- formed Churches of Germany and Holland, and of the [German and Dutch] Reformed Churches in America. It was used for the instruction of children in Scotland, before the adoption of the Catechisms of the AVestminster Assembly, and its use was sanctioned by an unanimous vote of the first General Assembly REFORMED CONFESSIONS. 125 of the reunited Presbyterian Church in the United States a. d. 1870.— See Minutes. (3.) The Thirty -nine Articles of the Church of England. In 1552, Cranmer, with the advice of other bishops, drew up the Forty-tivo Articles of Religion, and which were pubhshed by royal authority in 1553. These Avere revised and reduced to the number of thirty-nine by Archbishop Parker and otlier bishops, and ratified by both houses of Convocation, and pub- lished by royal authority in 1563. They constitute the doc- trinal standard of the Protestant Episcopal Churches of Eng- land, Ireland, Scotland, the Colonies, and the United States of America. The question whether these Articles are Calvinistic or not has been very unwarrantably made a matter of debate. See Lawrence's \"BamptonvLecture\" for 1804 on the Arminian side, and Toplady's \" Doctrinal Calvinism of the Cliurch of England,\" Dr. Goode's \"Doctrine of Church of England as to Effects of Infant Baptism,\" and Dr. William Cunningham's \" Keformers and their Theology,\" on the Calvinistic side. The seventeenth Article on Predestination is perfectly decisive of the question, and is as follows : \"Predestination to life is the everlasting pnrpose of God, whereby (before the foundations of the world were laid) he hath constantly decreed by his cou^nsel, secret to ris, to deliver from curse and damnation those whom he hath chosen in Christ out of mankind, and to bring them by Christ to everlasting salvation, as vessels made to honor. Wherefore they which he endued with so excellent a benefit of God, he called according to God's purpose by his Sj^irit working in due season : they, through grace, obey the calling; they he justified freely; they he made sons of God by adoption; they he made like the image of his only be- gotten Son, Jesus Christ; they walk religiously in good works, and at length, by God's mercy, they attain to everlasting feHcity. \"As the godly consideration of predestiBation and our election in Christ is full of sweet, pleasant, and unsj^eakable comfort to godly per- sons, and such as feel in themselves the working of the Spirit of Christ, mortifying the works of the flesh and their earthly members, and draw- ing up their mind to high and heavenly things, as well because it doth greatly establish and confirm their faitli of eternal salvation to be enjoyed through Christ, as because it doth fervently kindle their- love toward God. So, for curious and carnal persons, lacking the S^jirit of Christ, to have continually before their eyes the sentence of God's predestination, is a most dangerous downfall, whereby the devil doth thrust them either into desperation, or into wretchedness of most unclean living, no less perilous than desjjeration. \"Furthermore, we must receive God's promises in such wise as they be generally set forth to us in Holy Scripture; and, in our doings, that will of God is to be followed which we have expressly declared unto us in the word of God. \" These Articles purged of their Calvinism and reduced in number to twenty-five, including a new political Article (the 126 CREEDS AND CONFESSIONS. twenty-third) adopting as an article of faitli the political system of the United States Gfwernment, constitute the doctrinal Stand- ard of the Methodist Episcopal Church in America. (4.) The Canons of the Synod of Dort. This famous Synod was convened in Dort, Flolland, by the authority of the States General, for the purpose of settling the questions brought into controversy by the disciples of Arminius. Its sessions contin- ued from Nov. 13, a. d. 1()18, to May 9, a. d. 1619. It consisted of pastors, elders, and theological professors from the churciies of Holland, and deputies from the churches of England, Scot- land, Hesse, Bremen, the Palatinate, and Switzerland. The Canons of this Synod were received by all the Eeformed Churches as a true, accurate, and eminently authoritative ex- hibition of the Calvinistic S3\\stem of theology. Tliey consti- tute in connection with the Heidelberg Catechism the doc- trinal Confession of the Reformed Church of Holland and of its daughter the [Dutch] Reformed Church in America. (5.) The Confession and Catechisms of the Westminster Assem- hly. This Assembly of Divines was convened by an act of the Long Parliament passed June 12, 1643. The original call em- braced ten lords and twenty commoners as lay members, and one hundred and twenty-one divines — twenty ministers being afterward added — all shades of opinion as to Church Govern- ment being represented. The body continued its sessions from 1st of July, 1643, to 22d of February, 1649. The Confession and Catechisms they produced were immediately adopted by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. The Con- gregational Convention, also, called by Cromwell to meet at Savoy, in London, a. d. 1658, declared their approval of the doctrinal part of the Confession and Catechisms of the West- minster Assembly, and conformed their own deliverance, the Savoy Declaration, very nearly to it. Indeed \" the difference between these two Confessions is so very small, that the mod- ern Independents have in a manner laid aside the use of it (Savoy Declaration) in their families, and agreed with the Presbyterians in the use of the Assembly's Catechisms.\" — Neal, \"Puritans,\" II., 178. This Confession together with the Larger and Smaller Catechisms is the doctrinal standard of all the Presbyterian b(xlies in tiie world of English and Scotch deri- vation. It is also of all Creeds the one most highly approved by all bodies of Congregationalists in England and America. All of the Assemblies convened in New England for the purpose of settling the doctrinal basis of their churches have either indorsed or explicitly adopted this Confession and these' Catechisms as accm-ate expositions of their own faith. This was done by the Synod which met at Cambridge, Massachu- REFORMED CONFESSIONS. 127 setts, June, 1647, and again August, 1648, and prepared the Camhridge Platform. And it was done again by the Synod which sat in Boston, September, 1679, and May, 1680, and' pro- duced the Boston Confession. And again by the Synod which met at Saybrook, Connecticut, 1708, and produced tlie Say- brook Platform. 3d. There remain several other Reformed Confessions, which, although they are not the doctrinal standards of large denomi- nations of Christians, are nevertheless of high classical interest and authority because of their authors, and the circumstances under which they originated. (1.) The ^^Co7isensus Tigurinus\" or the ^^ Consensus of Zurich,'' or \"The mutual consent with respect to the doctrine of the sacrament of the ministers of the Church of Zurich and John Calvin, minister of the Church of Geneva.\" It consisted of twenty-six Articles, and deals exclusively with the questions relating to the Lord's Supper, and it was drawn by Calvin, A. D. 1549, for the purpose of bringing about a mutual consent among all parties in the Eeformed Church on the subject of which it treats. It was subscribed by the Churches of Zurich, Geneva, St. (iall, Schaffhausen, the Grisons, Neuchatel, and Basle, and was received with favor by all parts of the Re- formed Church, and remains an eminent monument of the true mind of the Reformed Church upon this so much debated question; and especially it is of value as setting forth with eminent clearness and unquestionable authority the real opin- ions of Calvin on the subject, deliberately stated after he had ceased from the vain attempt to secure the unity of Protestant- ism by a compromise with the Lutheran views as to the Lord's presence in the Eucharist. An accurate translation of this im- portant document will be found in the iVppendix. (2.) The ^'Consensus Genevensis'' was drawn up by Calvin, A. D. 1552, in the name of the Pastors of Geneva, and is a com- plete statement of Calvin's views on the subject of Predestina- tion. It was designed to unite all the Swiss Churches in their views of this great doctrine. It remains a pre-eminent monu- ment of the fundamental principles of true Calvinism. (3.) The ''Formula Consensus Helvetica,'' composed at Zurich, A. D. 1675, by John Henry Heidegger of Zurich, assisted by Francis Turretin of Geneva and Luke Gender of Basle. Its title is \"Form of agreement of the Helvetic Reformed Churches respecting the doctrine of universal grace, the doctrines con- nected therewith, and some other points.\" It was designed to unite the Swiss Churches in condemning and excluding that modified form of Calvinism, which in that century emanated from the Theological School of Saumur, represented by Amyral- 128 CREEDS AND CONFESSIONS. dns, Placfeus, etc. This is tlie most scientific and thorongli of all the Retbnned Confessions. Its eminent authorship* and the fact that it distinctively represents the most thoroughly con- sistent school of old Calvinists gives it high classical interest. It was subscribed by nearly all the Swiss Churches, but ceased to have public authority as a Confession since A. d. 1722.t All the Confessions of the Reformed Churches may be found col- lected in one convenient volume in the \"Collectio Confessionum in Eoclesiis Reformatis publicatarum,\" by Dr. H. A. Niemeyer, Leipsic, 1840, and in Dr. Schaif 's \" Creeds of Christendom.\" * See Herzog's Keal- Encyclopedia. Bomberger's translation. Article, \"Helvetic Confessions.\" t An accurate translation will be found in the Appendix.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "29", "sort_key": 29, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "In  taJiat  different  loays  do  the  Scriptures  reveal  God  ?", "answer": "They reveal God — 1st. By his names. 2d. By the works which they ascribe to him. 3d. By the attributes which they predicate of him. 4th. By the worship they direct to be paid to him. 5th. By the manifestation of God in Christ. 8. State the etymology and meaning of the several names ap- propriated to God in the Scriptures. 1st. Jehovah, from the Hebrew verb ^Ti' to he. It expresses self-existence and unchangeableness; it is the incommunicable name of God, which the Jews superstitiously refused to pro- nounce, always substituting in their reading the word Adonai, Lord. Hence it is represented in our English version by the word Lord, printed in capital letters. Jah, probably an abbreviation of the name Jehovah, is used principally in the Psalms. — Ps. Ixviii. 4. It constitutes the c<jncluding syllable of hallelujah, praise Jehovah. God gave to Moses his peculiar name, \"I am that I am,\" Ex. iii. 14, from the same root, and bearing the same funda- mental significance as Jehovah. 2d. El, might, poiver, translated God, and applied alike to the true and to the false gods. — Isa. xliv. 10. 3d. Elohim and Eloah, the same name in its singular and plural form, derived from n!?X, to fear, reverence. \"In its sin- gular form it is iised oidy in the latter books and in poetry.\" In the plural form it is sometimes used with a plural sense for THE NAMES OF GOD. 135 gods, but more commonly as a.pluralis exceUentice, for God. It is applied to false gods, but pre-eminently to Jehovah as the great object of adoration. 4tli. Adonai, the Lord, a jjluralis exceUentice, applied exclu- sively to God, expressing possession and sovereign dominion, equivalent to uvpioi. Lord, so frequently applied to Christ in the New Testament. 5th. Saddai, almighty, a pluralis exceUentice. Sometimes it stands by itself — Job v. 17; and sometimes combined with a preceding El. — Gen xvii. 1. 6th. Elyon, Most High, a verbal adjective from n^y, to go up, ascend. — Ps. ix. 3; xxi. 8. 7th. The term Tzebaoth, of hosts, is frequently used as an epithet qualifying one of the above-mentioned names of God. Thus, Jehovah of Hosts, God of Hosts, Jehovah, God of Hosts. — Amos iv. 13; Ps. xxiv. 10. Some have thought this equivalent to God of Battles. The true force of the epithet, however, is \" sovereign of the stars, material hosts of heaven, and of the angels their inhabitants.\" — Dr. J. A. Alexander, \" Com. on Ps. xxiv. 10,\" and Gesenius's \" Heb. Lex.\" 8th. Many other epithets are applied to God metaphorically, to set forth the relation he sustains to us and the offices he ful- fills, e. g., King, Lawgiver, Judge. — Isa. xxxiii. 17; Ps. xxiv. 8; 1. 6. Rock, Eortress, Tower, Deliverer. — 2 Sam. xxii. 2, 3; Ps. Ixii. 2. Shepherd, Husbandman. — Ps. xxiii. 1 ; John xv. 1. Father. — Matt. vi. 9; John xx. 17, etc.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "30", "sort_key": 30, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "What  are  the  divine  attributes?", "answer": "I The divine attributes are the perfections which are predi\\ icated of the divine essence in the Scriptures, or visibly exerj Icised by God in his works of creation and providence anci redemption. They are not properties or states of the divind essence separable in fact or idea from the divine essence, as the properties and modes of every created thing are separable from the essence of the creature. God's knowledge is his essence knowing, and his love is his essence loving, and his will is his essence willing, and all these are not latent capa- cities of action, nor changing states, but co-existent and eter- nally unchangeable states of the divine essence which in state and mode as well as in existence is \" the same yesterday, to- day and forever\" and \"without variableness or shadow of turning.\" Concerning the nature and operations of God, we can know only what he has vouchsafed to reveal to us, and with every conception, either of his being or his acts, there must always attend an element of incomprehensibility, which is inseparable 136 THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD. from infinitude. His knowledge and power are as truly beyond all understanding as his eternity or immensity. — Job. xi. 7-9; xxvi. 14; Ps. cxxxix. 5, 6; Isa. xl. 28. The moral elements of his glorious nature are the norm or original type of our moral faculties; thus we are made capable of compreliending the ulti- mate principles of truth and justice upon which he acts. Truth and justice and goodness are of course the same in essence in God and in angel and in man. Yet his action upon those prin- ciples is often a tiial of our faith, and an occasion of our ador- ing wonder. — Rom. xi. 33-3G ; Isa. Iv. 8, 9. 10. What do tJieologians mean by iJie phrase simplicity, when applied to God ? The term simplicity is used,y?rs^, in opposition to material composition, whether mechanical, organic, or chemical; second, in a metaphysical sense in negation of the relation of substance and property, essence and mode. In the first sense of the word human souls are simple, because they are not composed of ele- ments, parts, or organs. In the second sense of the word our souls are complex, since there is in them a distinction between their essence and their properties, and their successive modes or states of existence. As, however, God is infinite, eternal, self-existent from eternity, necessarily the same without suc- cession, theologians have maintained that in him essence, and property, and mode are one. He always is what he is; and his various states of intellection, emotion, and volition are not suc- cessive and transient but co-existent and permanent ; and he is wdiat he is essentially, and by the same necessity that he exists. Whatever is in God, whether thought, emotion, volition, or act, is God. Some men conceive of God as passing through various tran- sient modes and states just as men do, and therefore they sup- pose the properties of the divine nature ai'e related to the divine essence as the properties of created things are related to the essences which are endowed with them. Others press the idea of simplicity so far that they deny any distinction in the divine attributes in themselves, and suppose that the only difference between them is to be found in the mode of external manifest- ation, and in the effects produced. They illustrate their idea by the various effects produced on different objects by the same radiance of the sun. In order to avoid both extremes theologians have been ac- customed to say that the divine attributes differ from the divine essence and from one another, 1st, not reaUter or as one thing- differs from another, or in any such way as to imply composi- tion in God. Nor 2d, merely nominaUter, as. though there were PRINCIPLES OF CLASSIFICATION. 137 nothing in God really corresponding to onr conceptions of his perfections. But 3d, they are said to differ viiiiudite); so that there is in him a foundation or adequate reason for all the rep- resentations which are made in Scripture with regard to the divine perfections, and for the consequent conceptions which we have of them. — Turretin's \" Institutio Theologicas,\" Locus iii., Ques. 5 and 7, and Dr. C. Hodge's \" Lectures.\" 11. State the different principles upon ivJiich the classification of tJie divine attributes has been attempted. From the vastness of the subject and the incommensurate- ness of our faculties, it is evident that no classification of the divine attributes we can form can be any thing more than ap- proximately accurate and complete. The most common class- ifications rest upon the following principles: 1st. They are distinguished as oJ^dufe and relative. An ab- solute attribute is a property of the divine essence considered in itself: e. g., self-existence, immensity, eternity, intelligence.\\ A relative attribute is a property of the divine essence con- j sidered in relation to the creation: e. g., omnipresence, omni- j science, etc. 2d. They are also distinguished as a^^rmative and negative. An affirmative attribute is one which expresses some positive perfection of the divine essence: e. g., omnipresence, omnipo- tence, etc. K negative attribute is one which denies all defect or limitation of any kind to God: e. g., immutability, infinitude, incomprehensibility, etc. 3d. The attributes of God, distinguished as comniunicable and incommunicable. The communicable are those to which the attributes of the human spirit bear the nearest analogy : e. g., his power, knowledge, will, goodness, and righteousness. The incommunicable are those to which there is in the creature nothing analogous, as eternity, immensity, etc. This distinc- tion, however, must not be pressed too far. God is infinite in his relation to space and time; we are finite in our relation to both. But he is no less infinite as to his knowledge, Avill, good- ness, and righteousness in all their modes, and we are finite in all these respects. All God's attributes known to us, or con- ceivable by us, are communicable, inasmucli as they have their analogy in us, but they are all alike incommunicable, inasmucli as they are all infinite. 4th. The attributes of God, distinguished as natnral and moral. The natural are all those which pertain to his exist- ence as an infinite, rational Spirit: e. g., eternity, immensity, intelligence, will, power. The moral are those additional attri- 138 THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD. butes which belong to him as an infinite, righteous Spirit : e. ^., justice, mercy, truth. I would diffidently propose the following fourfold clas- sification: (1.) Those attributes which equally qualify all the rest — Infinitude, that which has no bounds; absoluteness, that which is determined either in its being, or modes of being or action, by nothing whatsoever without itself This includes immutability. (2.) Natural attributes. God is an infinite Spirit, self-existent, eternal, immense, simple, free of ivill, intelligent, poioerful. (3.) Moral attributes. God is a Spirit infinitely righteous, good, true, and faithfid. (4.) The consummate glory of all the divine perfections in union. The beauty of holiness. The Unity of God. ] 2. In ivhat ttco senses of the word is Unity predicated of God ? 1st. God is unique: there is only one God to the exclusion of all others. 2d. Notwithstanding the threefold personal distinction in the unity of the Godliead, yet these three Persons are numeri- call}^ one substance or essence, and constitute one indivisible God. 13. Hoiv may the proposition, that God is one and indivisible, be proved ? 1st. There appears to be a necessity in reason for conceiving of God as one. That Avhich is absolute and infinite can not but be one and indivisible in essence. If God is not one, then it will necessarily follow that tliere are more gods than one. 2d. The uniform representation of Scripture. — John x. 30. 14. Prove from Scripture that the proposition, there is but 07?e God, is true. Deut. vi. 4; 1 Kings viii. 60; Isa. xliv. 6; Mark xii. 29, 32; 1 Cor. viii. 4; Eph. iv. 6. 15. Wliat is the argument from the harmony of creation in favor of the divine unity ? The whole creation, between the outermost range of teles- copic and of microscopic observation, is manifestly one indivi- sible system. But we have already (Chapter II.) proved the existence of God from the phenomena of tlie universe; and we now argue, upon the same principle, that if r^n effect proves the prior operation of a cause, and if traces of design prove a UNITY AND SPIRITUALITY OF GOD. 139 designer, then singleness of plan and operation in that design and its execution prove that the designer is one. 16. What is the argument upon this point from necessary ex- istence ? The existence of God is said to be necessary, because it has its cause from eternity in itself It is the same in all duration and in all space alike. It is absurd to conceive of God's not existing at any time or in any portion of space, while all other existence whatsoever, depending upon his mere will, is contin- gent. But the necessity which is uniform in all times and in every portion of space, is evidently only one and indivisible, and can be the ground of the existence only of one God. This argument is logical, and has been prized highly by many distinguished theologians. It however appears to in- volve the error of presuming human logic to be the measure of existence. 17. What is the argument from infinite perfection, in proof that there can be but one God? God is infinite in his being and in all of his perfections. But the infinite, by including all, excludes all others, of the same kind. If there were two infinite beings, each would nec- essarily include the other, and be included by it, and thus they would be the same, one and identical. It is certain that the idea of the co-existence of two infinitely perfect beings is as repug- nant to human reason as to Scriptm*e.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "31", "sort_key": 31, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "What  is  polytheism  ?  and  what  dualism  ?", "answer": "Polytheism, as the etymology of the word indicates, is a gen- eral term designating every system of religion which teaches the existence of a plurality of gods. Dualism is the designation of that system which recognizes two original and independent principles in the universe, the one good and the other evil. At present these principles are in a relation of ceaseless antagonism, the good ever struggling to oppose the evil, and to deliver its province from its baneful intrusion. The Spirituality op God. 19. What is affirmed and ivhat is denied in the proposition that God is a Spirit? We know nothing of substance except as it is manifested by its properties. Matter is that substance whose properties manifest themselves directly to our bodily senses. Spirit is 140 THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD. that substance whose properties manifest themselves to iis di- redhj in seii'-consciousness, and only inferentially by words and other signs or modes of expression through our senses. When we say God is a Spirit we mean — 1st. Negatively, that he does not possess bodily parts or pas- sions; that he is composed of no material elements; that he is not subject to any of the limiting conditions of material exist- ence ; and, consequentl_y, that he is not to be apprehended as the object of any of our bodily senses. 2d. Positively, that he is a rational being, who distinguishes with infinite precision between the true and the false; that he is a moral being, who distinguishes between the right and the wrong; that he is a free agent, whose action is self-determined by his own will; and, in fine, that all the essential properties of our spirits may truly be predicated of him in an infinite degree. This great truth is inconsistent with the doctrine that God is the soul of the world {anima mundi) a plastic organizing force inseparable from matter; also with the Gnostic doctrine of emanation, and with all forms of modern Materialism and Pantheism. 20. Exldhit the proof that God is a Spirit. 1st. It is explicitly asserted in Scripture. — John iv. 24. 2d. It follows from our idea of infinite and absolute perfec- tions. Matter is obviously inferior to Spirit, and inseparable from many kinds of imperfections and limitations. Matter consisting of separate and ceaselessly reacting atoms can not be \"one,\" nor \"infinite,\" nor \"immutable,\" etc. The idea that matter may be united with spirit in God, as it is in inan, is felt to degrade him, and bind him fast under the limitations of time and space. 3d. There is no trace anywhere of material properties in the Creator and Providential Governor of the universe — whereas all the evidence that a God exists conspires to prove also that he is a supremely wise, benevolent, righteous, and powerful person — that is, that he is a personal spirit. God's Relation to Space.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "32", "sort_key": 32, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "Wlicd  is  meant  by  the  immensity  of  God?", "answer": "The immensity of God is the phrase used to express the fact that (iJod is infinite in his relation to space, i. e., that the entire indivisible essence of God is at every moment of time cotempo- raneously present to every point of infinite space. This is not in virtue of the infinite multiplication of his Spirit, since he is eternally one and individual; nor does it result from HIS RELATION TO SPACE. 141 the infinite diffusion of his essence through infinite space, as air is diffused over the surface of the earth, since, being a Spirit he is not composed of parts, nor is he capable of extension, but the wliole Godhead in the one indivisible essence is equally present in every moment of eternal duration to the whole of infinite space, and to every part of it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "33", "sort_key": 33, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "HoiD  does  immensity  differ  from  omnipresence?", "answer": "Immensity characterizes the relation of God to space viewed abstractly in itself Omnipresence characterizes the relation of God to his creatures as they severally occupy their several posi- tions in space. The divine essence is immense in its own being, absolutely. It is omnipresent relatively to all his creatures. 23. What are the different modes of the divine presence., and hoio may it he proved that he is everywhere p)resent as to his essence ? God may be conceived of as present in any place, or with any creature, in several modes, first, as to his essence ; second, as to his knowledge ; third, as manifesting that presence to any intel- ligent creature ; fourth, as exercising his power in any way in or upon the creature. As to essence and knowledge, his pres- ence is the same everywhere and always. As to his self-mani- festation and the exercise of his power, his presence differs endlessly in different cases in degree and mode. Tlius God is present to the church as he is not to the world. Thus he is present in hell in the manifestation and execution of righteous wrath, while he is present in heaven in the manifestation and communication of gracious love and glory. 24. Prove that God is omnipresent as to his essence. That God is everywhere present as to his essence is proved, first from Scripture (1 Kings viii. 27 ; Ps. cxxxix. 7-10 ; Isa. Ixvi. 1 ; Acts xvii. 27, 28); second, from reason. (1.) It follows neces- sarily from his infinitude. (2.) From the fact that his knowl- edge is his essence knowing, and his actions are his essence acting. Yet his knowledge and his power reach to all things. 25. State the dfferent rdaiions that bodies, created spirits, and God sustain to space. Turretin says : Bodies are conceived of as existing in space circ2i7nscriptively, because occupying a certain portion of space they are bounded by space upon every side. Created spirits do not occupy any portion of space, nor are they embraced by any, they are, however, in space definitely, as here and not there. God, on the other hand, is in space repietively, because in a tran- scendent manner his essence fills all space. He is included in 142 THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD. no space ; he is excluded from none. Wholly present to each point, he comprehends all space at once. Time and Space are neither substances, nor qualities, nor mere relations. They constitute a genus by themselves, ab- solutely distinct from all other entities, and therefore defying classification. \"We know that space and time exist; we know- on sufficient evidence that God exists; but we have no means of knowing how space and time stand related to God. The view taken by Sir Isaac Newton, — 'Deus durat semper et adest ubique, et, existendo semper et ubique, durationem et spatium constituit' — is certainly a grand one, but I doubt much whether human intelligence can dictatorially affirm that it is as true as it is sublime.\" — McCosh, \"Intuitions of the Mind,\" p. 212. The Relation of God .to Time.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "34", "sort_key": 34, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "What  is  eternity  ?", "answer": "Eternity is infinite duration; duration discharged from all limits, without beginning, without succession, and without end. The schoolmen phrase it a jJitnctmn stans, an ever-abiding present. We, however, can positively conceive of eternit}' only as du- ration indefinitely extended from the present moment in two directions, as to the past and as to the futm-e, improperly expressed as eternity a parte ante, or past, and eternity a parte jjost, or future. The eternity of God, hoAvever, is one and indivisible. Eternitas est una individua et tota simid.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "35", "sort_key": 35, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "What  is  time?", "answer": "Time is limited duration, measured by succession, either of thought or motion. It is distinguished in reference to our per- ceptions into past, present, and future.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "36", "sort_key": 36, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "What  relation  does  time  hear  to  eternity  ?", "answer": "Eternity, the unchanging present, without beginning or end, comprehends all time, and co-exists as an undivided moment, with all the successions of time as they appear and pass in their order. Thought is possible to us, however, only imder the limita- tions of time and space. We can conceive of God only under the finite fashion of first purposing and then\" acting, of first promising or tin-eatening and then fulfilling his word, etc. He that inhal)itetli eternity infinitely transcends our understanding. Isa. Ivii. 15. 29. When ive say that God is eternal, ivhat do we affirm and wlwi do we deny? HIS ETERNITY AND IMMUTABILITY. 143 We affirm, first, that as to his existence, he never had any- beginning, and never will have any end; second, that as to the mode of his existence, his thoughts, emotions, purposes, and acts are, without succession, one and inseparable, the same for- ever; third, that he is immutable. We deny, first, that he ever had a beginning or ever will have an end; second, that his states or modes of being occur in succession ; third, that his essence, attributes, or purposes will ever change. 30. In what sense are the acts of God spoken of as past, present, and future ? The acts of God are never past, present, or future as respects God himself, but only in respect to the objects and effects of his acts in the creature. The efficient purpose comprehending the precise object, time, and circumstance was present to him alwa3^s and changelessly ; the event, however, taking place in the creature occurs in time, and is thus past, present, or future to our observation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "37", "sort_key": 37, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "In  U'hat  sense  are  events  past  or  future  as  it  regards  God?", "answer": "As God's knowledge is infinite, every event must, first, be ever equally present to his knowledge from eternity to eternity ; second, these events must be known to him as they actually occur in themselves, e. g., in their true nature, relations, and suc- cessions. This distinction, therefore, holds true — God's knowl- edge of all events is without beginning, end, or succession; but he knows them as in themselves occurring in the successions of time, past, present, or future, relatively to one another. The Immutability of God. *i", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "38", "sort_key": 38, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "What  is  meant  by  the  immutabilitj/  of  God  ?", "answer": "By his immutability we mean that it follows from the in- finite perfection of God; that he can not be changed by any thing from without himself; and that he will not change from any principle within himself That as to his essence, his will, and his states of existence, he is the same from eternity to eternity. Thus he is absolutely immutable in himself He is also immutable relatively to the creature, insomuch as his knowledge, purpose, and truth, as these are conceived by us and are revealed to us, can know neither variableness nor shadow of turning. — James i. 17. 33. Prove from Scripture and reason that God is immutable. 144 THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD. 1st. Scripture : ]\\Ial. iii. 6 ; Ps. xxxiii. 11 ; Isa. xlvi. 10 ; James i. 17. 2d. Eeason: (1.) God is self - existent. As he is caused by none, but causes all, so he can be changed by none, but changes all. (2.) He is the absolute being. Neither his exist- ence, nor the manner of it, nor his will, are determined by any necessary relation -which they sustain to any thing exterior to himself As he preceded all and caused all, so his sovereign will freely determined the relations which all things are per- mitted to sustain to him. (3.) He is infinite in duration, and therefore he can not know succession or change. (4.) He is infinite in all perfection, knowledge, wisdom, righteousness, benevolence, wall, power, and therefore can not change, for nothing can be added to the infinite nor taken from it. Any change would make him either less than infinite before, or less than infinite afterwards. 34. How can the creation of the world and the incarnation of the Son he reconciled ivith the immutability of God? 1st. As to the creation. Tlie efficacious purpose, the will and power to create the world dwelleth in God from eternity without change, but this very efficacious purpose itself provided that the effect should take place in its proper time and order. This effect took place from God, but of course involved no shadow of change in God, as nothing was either taken from him or added to him. 2d. As to the incarnation. The divine Son assumed a cre- ated human nature into personal union with himself. His un- created essence of course was not changed. His eternal person was not changed in itself, but only brought into a new relation. The change effected by that stupendous event occurred only in the created nature of the man Christ Jesus. The Infinite Intelligence of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "39", "sort_key": 39, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "IIoio  does  God's  mode  of  linoioing  differ  from  ours?", "answer": "God's knowledge is, 1st, his essence knowing; 2d, it is one eternal, all-compreliensive, indivisible act. (1.) It is not discursive, i. e., proceeding, logically from the known to the unknown; but irdmtive, i. e., discerning all things directly in its own light. (2.) It is independent, i. e., it does in no way depend upon his creatures or their actions, but solely upon his own infinite intuition of all things possible in the light of his own reason, and of all things actual and future in the light of his own eter- nal purpose. THE OBJECTS OF DIVINE KNOWLEDGE. 145 (3.) It is total and simuJtanemis, not successive. It is one single, indivisible act of intnition, beholding all things in themselves, their relations and successions, as ever present. (4.) It is perfect and essentird, not relative, i. e., he knows all things directly in their hidden essences, while we know them only by their properties, as they stand related to onr senses. (5.) We know the present imperfectly, the past we remem- ber dimly, the future we know not at all. But God knows all things, past, present, and future, by one total, unsuccessive, all- comprehensive vision.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "40", "sort_key": 40, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "Hoio  has  this  divine  perfection  been  defined  hy  theologians?", "answer": "Turretin, Locus iii., Q. 12. — \"Concerning the knowledge of God, before all else, two things are to be considered, viz., its mode and its object. The Mode of the divine knowledge consists in this, that he perfectly, individually, distinctly, and immutably knows all things, and his knowledge is thus distin- guished from the knowledge of men and angels. He knows all things perfectly, because he has known them through him- self, or his own essence, and not by the phenomena of things, as the creatures know objects. ... 2. He knows all things individually because he knows them intuitively, by a direct act of cognition, and not inferentially, by a process of discursive reasoning, or by comparing one thing with another. 3. He knows all things distinctly, not that he unites by a dif- ferent conception the various predicates of things, but that he sees through all things by one most distinct act of intuition, and nothing, even the least thing, escapes him. ... 4. And he knows all immidaUy, because that with him there is no shadow of change, and he remaining himself, unmoved, moves all things, and so perceives all the various changes of things, by one immutable act of cognition.\" 37. Hoio may the objects of divine knowledge be classified? (^.ci \"^ 1st. God himself in his own infinite being. It is evident that this, transcending the sum of all other objects, is the only adequate object of a knowledge really infinite. 2d. All possible objects, as such, Avhether they are or ever have been, or ever will be or not, seen in the light of his own infinite reason. 3d. All things actual, which have been, are, or will be, he comprehends in one eternal, simultaneous act of knowledge, as ever present actualities to him, and as known to be such in the light of his own sovereign and eternal purpose. 146 THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD. 38. Wlmt is tie fecJmical designafion of the knoioledge of things possible, and ivltat is the foundation of that knoivledge ? Its technical designation is scientia simpUds intelligentice, Jcnoioledge of simple intelligence, so called, because it is conceived by ns as an act simply of the divine intellect, withont any con- current act of the divine Avill. For the same reason it has been styled scientia necessaria, necessary knowledge, i. e., not volun- tary, or determined by will. The foundation of that knowl- edge is God's essential and infinitely perfect knowledge of his own omnipotence. 39. Whai is the technical designation of the knoivledge of things actual, whether past, present, or future, and tvhat is the foundation of that hioivledcje ? It is called scientia visionis, hnoidedge of vision, and scientia libera, free knowledge, because his intellect is in this case con- ceived of as being determined by a concurrent act of his will. The foundation of this knowledge is God's infinite knowl- edge of his own all-comprehensive and unchangeable eternal purpose. 40. Prove that the knowledge of God extends tofidure contingent events. The contingency of events in our view of them has a two- fold ground: first, their immediate causes may be by us inde- terminate, as in the case of the dice; second, their immediate cause may be the volition of a free agent. The first class are in no sense contingent in God's view. The second class are foreknown by him as contingent in their cause, but as none the less certain in thei>- event. That he does foreknow all such is certain — 1st. Scripture affirms it. — 1 Sam. xxiii. 11, 12; Acts ii. 23; XV. 18; Isa. xlvi. 9, 10. 2d. He has often predicted contingent events future, at the time of the prophecy, which has been fulfilled in the event. Mark xiv. 30. 3d. God is infinite in all his perfections, his knowledge, therefore, must (1) be perfect, and comprehend all things future as well as past, (2) independent of the creature. Pie knows all things in themselves by his own light, and can not depend upon the will of the creature to make his knowledge either more certain or more complete. 41. Hotv can the certainty of the foreknowledge of God be recon- ciled toith the freedom of moral agents in their acts ? SCIENTIA MEDIA. 147 The difficulty here presented is of this nature. God's fore- knowledge is certain; the event, therefore, must be certainly future ; if certainly future, how can the agent be free in enacting it. In order to avoid this difficulty some theologians, on the one hand, have denied the reality of man's moral freedom, while others, on the other hand, have maintained that, God's knowl- edge being free, he voluntarily abstains from knowing what his creatures endowed with free agency will do. We remark — 1st. God's certain foreknowledge of all future events and man's free agency are both certain facts, impregnably es- tablished by independent evidence. We must believe both, whether we can reconcile them or not. 2d. Although necessity is inconsistent wuth liberty, moral^ certainty is not, as is abundantly shown in Chapter XV., Question 25.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "41", "sort_key": 41, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "Wlxat  is  scientia  media  ?", "answer": "This is the technical designation of God's knowledge of future contingent events, presumed, by the authors of this dis- tinction, to depend not upon the eternal purpose of God making the event certain, but upon the free act of the creature as fore- seen by a special intuition. It is called scientia media, middle knoivledge, because it is supposed to occupy a middle ground between the knowledge of simple intelligence and the knowledge of vision. It differs from the former, since its object is not all possible things, but a special class of things actually future. It difters from the latter, since its ground is not the eternal purpose of God, but the free action of the creature as simply foreseen. 43. By whom was this distinction introduced, aiid for what purpose ? By Luis 3Iolina, a Jesuit, born 1535 and died 1601, pro- fessor of theology in the University of Evora, Portugal, in his work entitled \" Liberi arbitrii cum gratiaa donis, divina praescientia, prfedestinatione et reprobatione concordia.\" — Ha- genbach's \"Hist, of Doc,\" vol. 2, p. 280. It was excogitated for the purpose of explaining how God might certainly foreknow wdiat his free creatures would do in the absence of any sover- eign foreordination on his part, determining their action. Thus making his foreordination of men to happiness or misery to depend upon his foreknowledge of their faith and obedience, and denying that his foreknowledge depends upon his sover- eign foreordination. 148 TH3 ATTRIBUTES OF GOD. 44. Wlxai are the arguments against the validity of this dis- tinction ? 1st. The arg'uments upon which it is based are untenable. Its advocates plead — (1.) Scripture. — 1 Sam. xxiii. 9-12; Matt, xi. 22, 23. (2.) That this distinction is obviously necessary, in order to render the mode of the divine foreknowledge consist- ent with man's free agency. To the first argument Ave answer, that the events mentioned in the above-cited passages of Scripture 2vere not future. They simply teach that God, knowing all causes, free and necessary, knows how they would act under any proposed condition. Even we know that if we add tire to powder an explosion would ensue. This comes under the first class we cited above (Question 38), or the knowledge of all possible things. To the second argument we answer, that the certain foreknowledge of God involves the certainty of the future free act of his crea- ture as mucli as his foreordination does; and that the sovereign foreordination of God, with respect to the free acts of men, only makes them certainly future, and does not in the least provide for causing those acts in any other way than by the free will of the creature himself acting freely. 2d. This middle knowledge is unnecessary, because all pos- sible objects of knowledge, all jjossihie things, and all things actually to he, have already been embraced under the two classes already cited (Questions 38, 39). 3d. If God certainly foreknows any future event, then it must be certainly future, and he must have foreknown it to be certainly future, either because it was antecedently certain, or because his foreknowing it made it certain. If his foreknow- ing it made it certain, then his foreknowledge involves foreor- dination. If it was antecedently certain, then we ask, what could have made it certain, except what we affirm, the decree of God, either to cause it himself immediately, or to cause it through some necessary second cause, or that some free agent should cause it freely? We can only choose between the Ibre- ordination of God and a blind fate. 4th. This view makes the knoAvledge of God to depend upon the acts of his creatures exterior to himself This is both absiu'd and impious, if God is infinite, eternal, and absolute. 5th. The Scrjptiires teach that God does foreordain as well as foreknow the free acts of men. — Isa. x. 5-15; Acts ii. 23; iv. 27, 2S. 45. How does wisdom differ from knowledge, and ivherein does the wisdom of God consist ? THE INFINITE POWER OF GOD. 149 Knowledge is a simple act of the understanding, apprehend- ing tliat a thing is, and comprehending its nature and relations, or liow it is. Wisdom presupposes knowledge, and is the practical use which the understanding, determined by the will, makes of the material of knowledge. God's wisdom is infinite and eter- nal. It is conceived of by us as selecting the highest possible end, the manifestation of his own glory, and then in selecting and directing in every department of his operations the best possible means to secure that end. This wisdom is gloriously manifested to us in the great theatres of creation, providence, and grace. /*^ The Infinite Power of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "42", "sort_key": 42, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "What  is  meant  by  the  omnipotence  of  God?", "answer": "Power is that efficiency which, by an essential law of thought, we recognize as inherent in a cause in relation to its effect. God is the uncaused first cause, and the causal efficiency of his will is absolutely unlimited by any thing out- side of the divine perfections themselves. 47. What distinction has been marked betioeen the Potestas ab- soluta, and the Potestas ordinata of God ? The Scriptures and right reason teach us that the causal efficiency of God is not confined to the universe of second- causes and their active properties and laws. The phrase Po- testas absoluta expresses the omnipotence of God absolutely considered in himself — and specifically that infinite reserve of power which remains with him, as a free personal attribute, above and beyond all the powers of nature and his ordinary providential actings upon and through them. Creation, mira- cles, etc., are exercises of tlds power of God. The Potestas or- dinata on the other hand is the power of God as it is now exer- cised in and through the established system of second causes, in the ordinary course of Providence. Ptationalists and advo- cates of mere naturalism, who deny miracles, and any form of divine interference with the established order of nature, of course admit only the latter and deny the former mode of divine power. 48. In ivhat sense is the potver of God limited and in what sense is it unlimited ? AVe are conscious with respect to our own causal efficiency. 1st. That it is very limited. We have direct control only over the course of our thoughts, and the contractions of a few muscles. 2d. That we depend upon the use of means to pro- 150 THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD. duce the effects we design. 3d. We are dependent upon out- ward circumstances Avliich limit and condition us continually. The power inherent in the divine will on the other hand can produce whatever effects he intends immediately, and when he condescends to use means he freely endows them with what- ever efficiency they possess. All outward circumstances of every kind are his own creation, conditioned upon his will, and therefore incapable of limiting him in any way. He is absolutely unlimited in the exercise of his power. He can not do wrong, nor work contradictions, because his power is the causal efficiency of an infinitely rational and righteous essence. His power therefore is limited only by his own perfections. 49. Is the distinction in us betiveen poiver and ivill a perfection or a defect, and does it exist in God ? It is objected that if our power was equal to our design, and every volition resulted immediately in act, we would not be conscious of the difference between power and will. We admit that when a man's power fails to be commensurate with his will it is a defect — and that this never is the case with God. But on the other hand when a man is conscious that he possesses powers which he might but does not will to exercise, he is conscious that it is an excellence — and that his nature is the more perfect for the possession of such reserves of power than it wo\\dd otherwise be. To hold that there is nothing in God which , is not in actual exercise, that his power extends no further than his will, is to make him no greater than his finite creation. The actions of a great man impress us chiefly as the exponents of vastly greater power which remains in reserve. So it is with God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "43", "sort_key": 43, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "How  can  absolute  omnipotence  he  proved  to  belong  to  God  ?", "answer": "1st. It is asserted by Scripture. — Jer. xxxii. 17; Matt. xix. 26; Lukei. 37; Rev. xix. 6. 2d. It is necessarily involved in the very idea of God as an infinite being. 3d. Although we have seen but j)art of Ms loays (Job xxvi. 14), yet our constantly extending experience is ever revealing to us new and more astonishing evidences of his power, Avhich always indicate an inexhaustible reserve. The Will of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "44", "sort_key": 44, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "What  is  meant  by  the  ivill  of  God?", "answer": "The will of God is the infinitely and eternally wise, powerful, and righteous essence of God willing. In our conception it is THE WILL OF GOD. 151 that attribute of the Deity to which we refer his purposes and decrees as their principle. 52. In loliat sense is the ivill of God said to hefi^ee, and in toliat sense necessary ? The will of God is the wise, powerful, and righteous essence of God willing. His will, therefore, in every act is certainly and yet most freely both wise and righteous. The liberty of indifference is evidently foreign to his nature, because the per- fection of wisdom is to choose the most wisely, and the perfec- tion of righteousness is to choose the most righteously. On the other hand, the will of God is- from eternity abso- lutely independent of all his creatures and all their actions. 53. What is intended by tJie distinction between the decretive and the preceptive luill of God ? The decretive will of God is God efficaciously purposing the certain futurition of events. The preceptive will of God is God, as moral governor, commanding his moral creatures to do that which he sees it right and wise that they in their circumstances should do. These are not inconsistent. What he wills as our duty may very consistently be different from what he wills as his purpose. What it is right for him to permit may be wrong for him to approve, or for us to do. 54. What is meant by the distinction between the secret and revealed ivill of God ? The secret will of God is his decretive will, called secret, because although it is sometimes revealed to man in the proph- ecies and promises of the Bible, yet it is for the most part hidden in God. The revealed will of God is his preceptive will, which is always clearly set forth as the rule of our duty. — Deut. xxix. 29. 55. In what sense do the Arminians maintain the distinction betiveen the antecedent and consequent tvill of God, and what are the objections to their view of the subject ? This is a distinction invented, by the schoolmen, and adopted by the Arminians, for reconciling the will of God with their theory of the free agency of man. They call that an antecedent act of God's will which precedes the action of the creature, e. (/., before Adam sinned God willed him to be happy. They call that a consequent act of God's will which followed the act of the creature, and is consequent upon 152 THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD. that act, e. g., after Adam sinned God willed him to suffer the penalty due to his sin. It is very evident that this distinction does not truly repre- sent the nature of God's Avill, and its relation to the acts of his creatures: //V.s/, God is eternal, and therefore there can be no distinction in his purposes as to time; second, God is eternally omniscient and omnipotent. If he Avills any thing, therefore, he must from the beginning- will the means to acomplisli it, and thus secure the attainment of the end willed. Otherwise God must have, at the same time, two inconsistent wills with regard to the same object. The truth is that God, eternally and un- changeably, by one comprehensive act of will, willed all that happened to Adam from beginning to end in the precise order and succession in which each event occurred; third, God is in- finitely independent. It is degrading to God to conceive of him as first willing that which he lias no power to effect, and then changing his will consequently to the independent acts of his creatures. It is true, indeed, that because of the natural limits of our capacities we necessarily conceive of the several intentions of God's one, eternal, indivisible purpose, as sustaining a certain logical (not temporal), relation to each other as principal and consequent. Thus we conceive of God's first (in logical order) decreeing to create man, then to permit him to fall, then to elect some to everlasting life, and then to provide a redemp- tion.— Turretin. 56. Ill ivhat sense do Arminians hold the distindion hetiueen the absolute and conditional ivill of God, and ivhat are the objec- tions to that view ? In their view that is the absolute will of God which is sus- pended upon no condition without himself, e. g., his decree to create man. That is the conditional will of God which is sus- E ended upon a condition, e. g., his decree to save those that elieve, i. e., on condition of their faith. It is evident that this view is entirely inconsistent with the natvu'e of God as an eternal, self-existent, independent being, infinite in all his perfections. It degrades him to the position of being simply a co-ordinate part of the creation, mutually limiting and being limited by the creature. The mistake results from detaching a fragment of God's will from the one whole, all-comprehensive, eternal purpose. It is evident that, when properly viewed as eternal and one, God's purpose must comprehend all conditions, as well as their con- sequents. God's will is suspended upon no condition, but he THE ABSOLUTE JUSTICE OF GOD. 153 eternally wills the event as suspended upon its condition, and its condition as determining the event. It is admitted by all that God's preceptive will, as expressed in commands, promises, and threatenings, is often suspended upon condition. If Ave believe we shall certainly be saved. This is the relation which God has immutably established between faith as the condition, and salvation as the conse- quent, %. e., faith is the condition of salvation. But this is something very different from saying that the faith of Paul was the condition of God's eternal purpose to save him, be- cause the same purpose determined the faith as the condition, and the salvation as its consequent. See further, Chapter X., on the decrees.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "45", "sort_key": 45, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "In  loliat  sense  is  the  will  of  God  said  to  he  eternal?", "answer": "It is one eternal, unsuccessive, all-comprehensive act, abso- lutely determining either to effect or to permit all things, in all of their relations, conditions, and successions, which ever were, are, or ever will be. 58. In loliat sense may the will of God he said to he the rule of righteousness ? It is evident that in the highest sense, with respect to God willing, his mere will can not be regarded as the ultimate ground of all righteousness, any more than it can be as the ultimate ground of all wisdom. Because, in that case, it would follow, first, that there would be no essential difference between right and wrong in themselves, but only a difference arbitrarily constituted by God himself; and, second, that it would be senseless to ascribe righteousness to God, for then that would be merely to say that he wills as he wills. The truth is, tliat his will acts as his infinitely righteous wisdom sees to be right. On the other hand, God's revealed will is to us the absolute and ultimate rule of righteousness, alike when he commands things in themselves indifferent, and thus makes them right, as wdien he commands things in themselves essentially right, be- cause they are right. The Absolute Justice of God. 59. What is meant hy the distinctions, absolute and relative, rectoral, distributive, and punitive or vindicatory justice of God? The absolute justice of God is the infinite moral perfection or universal righteousness of his own being. 154 THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD. The relative justice of God is his infinite!}' righteous nature, viewed as exercised in his relation to his moral creatures, as their moral governor. This last is called rectoral, when viewed as exercised gen- erally in administering the affairs of his universal government, in providing for and governing his creatures and their actions. It is called distributive, when viewed as exercised in giving luito each creature his exact proportionate due of rewards or punishment. It is called punitive or vindicatory, when viewed as demanding and inflicting the adequate and proportionate punishment of all sin, because of its intrinsic ill desert. 60. Wliat are the different opinions as to the nature of the punitive justice of God, i. e., ivhat are the diffeyxnt reasons as- signed ivJiy God p)iinishes sin ? The Socinians deny the punitive justice of God altogether, and maintain that he punishes sin simply for the good of the individual sinner, and of society, only so far as it may be inter- ested in his restraint or improvement. Those theologians who maintain the governmental theory of the Atonement, hold that God punishes sin not because of a changeless principle in himself demanding its punishment, but for the good of the universe, on the basis of great and changeless principles of governmental policy. Thus resolving justice into a form of general benevolence. Leibnitz held that \"justice is goodness conducted by wisdom.\" This pi'inciple assumes that happiness is the chief good. That the essence of virtue is the desire to promote happiness, and that consequently the end of justice can only be to prevent misery. This is the foundation of the Governmental theory of the Atonement. See Chapter XXV. See Park on the \" Atonement.\" Some hold that the necessity for the punishment of sin is only hypothetical, i. e., results only from the eternal decree of God. The true view is that God is immutably determined by his own eternal and essential righteousness to visit every sin with a pi'oportionate punishment. ■ 61. Prove that disinterested benevolence is not the ivhole of virtue. 1st. Some exercises of disinterested benevolence, for example, natural parental affection, are purely instinctive, and have no positive moral character. 2d. Some exercises of disinterested benevolence, such as the w^eak yielding of a judge to sympathy with a guilty man or his friends, are positively immoral. THE JUSTICE OF GOD. 155 3d. There are virtuous principles incapable of being resolved into disinterested benevolence, such as proper prudential re- gard for one's own highest good; aspiration and effort after personal excellence ; holy abhorrence of sin for its own sake, and just punishment of sin in order to vindicate righteousness. 4th. The idea of oughtness is the essential constitutive idea of virtue. No possible analysis of the idea of benevolence will give the idea of moral obligation. This is simple, unresolvable, ultimate. Oughtness is the genus, and benevolence one of the species comprehended in it. ^^. State the evidence derived from the universal principles of human nature, tJiat the justice of God must be an ultimate and unchangeable princij)le of his nature, determining him to punish sin because of its intrinsic ill desert. The obligation of a righteous ruler to punish sin, the intrin- sic ill desert of sin, the principle that sin ougJd to be p)unished, are ultimate facts of moral consciousness. They can not be resolved into any other principle whatsoever. This is proved — 1st. Because they are involved in every awakened sinner's consciousness of his own demerit. — Ps. li. 4. \"1 have done this evil in thy sight ; that thou mightest be just when thou speakest, and clear when thou judgest.\" In its higher degree this feeling rises into remorse, and can be allayed only by ex- piation. Thus many murderers have had no rest until they have given themselves up to the law, when they have experi- enced instant relief And millions of souls have found peace in the application of the blood of Jesus to their wounded consciences. 2d. All men judge thus of the sins of others. The con- sciences of all good men are gratified when the just penalty of the law is executed upon the offender, and outraged when he escapes. 3d. This principle is witnessed to by all the sacrificial rites common to all ancient religions, by the penances in some form universal even in modern times, by all penal laws, and by the synonyms for guilt, punishment, justice, etc., common to all languages. 4th. It is self-evident, that to inflict an unjust punishment is itself a crime, no matter Iioav benevolent the motive which prompts it, nor how good the effect which follows it. It is no less self-evident that it is the justice of the punishment so de- served which renders its effect on the community good, and not its efiect on the community which renders it just. To hang a man for the good of the community is both a crime and a blunder, unless the hanging is justified by the ill desert 156 THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD. of the man. In tliat case his ill desert is seen by all the com- mnnity to be the real reason of the hanging. 63. Prove the same from the nature of the divine laio. Grotius in his great work, ^'■Defensia Fidel Catholicce De Sa- fisfactione Christi\" in which he originates the Governmental Tlieory of the Atonement, maintains that the divine law is a product of the divine will, and therefore at the option of God relaxable, alike in its preceptive and its penal elements. But the truth is (a) that the penalty is an essential part of the divine law; (/>) that the law of God, as to all its essential prin- ciples of right and wrong, is 7iot a product of the divine will, but an immutable transcript of the divine nature; (c) therefore the law is immutable and must needs be fulfilled in every iota of it. This is proved — Ist. Because fundamental principles must have their changeless ground in the divine nature, or (a) other- wise the distinction between right and wrong would be purely arbitrary — whereas they are discerned b}^ our moral intuitions to be absolute and independent of all volition divine or human; (h) otherwise it would be meaningless to say that God is right- ous il righteousness be an arbitrarj^ creature of his own will; (c) because he declares that he ^'can not lie,\" that \"he can not deny himself\" 2d. The Scriptures declare that the law can not be relaxed, that it must be fulfilled. — John vii. 2o, and x. 35; Luke xxiv. 44; Matt. V. 25, 26. 3d. The Scriptures declare that Christ came to fulfil the law not to relax it. — Matt. v. 17, 18; Rom. iii. 31; x. 4. 64. Hoiv may it he argued from the indepeiidence and absolute self-sufficiency of God, that imnitive justice is an essential attribute of his nature ? It is inconsistent with these essential attributes to conceive of God as obliged to any course of action by the external exi- gencies of his creation. Both the motive and the end of his action must be in himself — Col. i. 16; Rom. xi. 36; Eph. i. 5, 6; Rora. ix. 22, 23. If he punishes sin because determined so to do by the principles of his own nature, then he acts independ- ently. But if he resorts to this merely as the necessary means of restraining and governing his creatures, then their actions control his. 65. Hoiv may it he 2^^'oved from God's love of holiness and hatred of sin ? God's love for holiness and hatred of sin is represented in THE JUSTICE OF GOD. 157 Scripture as essential and intrinsic. He loves holiness for its own sake. He hates sin and is determined to punish it be- cause of its intrinsic ill desert. He hates the wicked every- day.— Ps. V. 5; vii. 11. \"To me belongeth vengeance and recompense.\" — Deut. xxxii. 35. \"According to their deeds accordingly he will repay.\" — Lsa. lix. 18; 2 Thess. i. 6. \"See- ing it is a righteous thing with God to recomjjense tribulation to them that trouble you.\" — Rom. i. 32. \" Knowing the judg- ment of God that they which commit such things are ivorthy of death.\" — Deut. xvii. 6; xxi. 22. (36. Hoio can this truth he proved from ivhat the Scriptures teach as to the nature and necessity of the atonement of Christ ? As to its nature the Scriptures teach that Christ suffered the penalty of sin vicariously in the place and stead of his elect people, and that he thus expiated their guilt, and recon- ciled God and redeemed their souls by giving himself the ransom price demanded in their stead. The Scriptures every- where, and in every way teach that the design of Christ's death was to produce a sin-expiating effect upon the Governor of the moral universe, and not a moral impression either upon the heart of the individual sinner, or upon the public conscience of the intelligent universe. All this will be proved at length under Chapters XXY and XXXIII. As to the necessity of the Atonement the Scriptures teach that it was absolute. That Christ must die or sinners perish. Gal. ii. 21, and iii. 21. But the propriety of producing a moral impression upon each sinner personally, or upon the public mind of the universe generally, can not give rise to an absolute necessity on the part of God — since God who created the uni- verse and all its members might, of course, if he so pleased, produce moral impressions upon them of whatever kind, either without means, or by whatsoever means he pleases. An abso- lute necessity must have its ground in the unchangeable nature of God, which lies back of and determines his Avill in all its acts. Therefore the eternal nature of God immutably deter- mines him to punish all sin. '' Political Science,\" Pres^ident Theodore D. Wookpif, vol. I., pp. 330-335. \"The theory that correction is the main end of punishment will not bear examination. (1.) The state is not a humane institution. (2.) The theory makes no distinction between crimes. If a murderer is appar- ently reformed in a week, the ends of detention are accomplished, and he should be set free; while the petty offender must stay for months or years until the inoculation of good principles becomes manifest. (3.) What kind of correction is to be aimed at? Is it such as will in- sure society itself against his repeating his crime ? In that case it is society, and not the person himself who is to be benefited by the cor- 158 THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD. rective process. Or must a thorough cure, a recovery from selfishness and covetousness, an awakening of the higliest principle of soul be aimed at; an established church, in short, be set up in the house of correction? \"The explanation that the state profec/.s its oioi existence, or the inno- cent inhabitants of the country, by striking its subjects with awe and deten-ing them from evil-doing through punishment, is met by admitting that, while this effect is real and important, it is not as yet made out that the state has a right to do this. Crime and desert of punishment must be pre-supposed before the moral sense can be satisfied with the inflic- tion of evil. And the measure of the amount of punishment, supplied by the public good for the time, is most fluctuating and tyrannical; moreover mere awe, unaccompanied by an awakening of the sense of justice, is as much a soiirce of hatred as a motive to obedience. \" \"The theory that in punishing an evil-doer, the state renders to him his deserts, is the only one that seems to have a solid foundation. It assumes that moral evil has been committed by disobedience to rightful commands, that according to a propriety which commends itself to our moral nature it is fit and right that evil, physical or mental, suffering or shame, should be incurred by the wrong-doer, and that in all forms of government over moral beings there ought to be a power able to decide how much evil ought to follow s^Decial kinds and instances of transgressions. The state is in fact, as St. Paul calls it, the minister of God to execute wrath upon him that doeth evil. But only in a very limited sphere and for special ends. . . It punishes acts, not thoughts; intentions appearing in acts, not feelings; it punishes persons within a certain territory over which it has the jurisdiction, and perhaps its sub- jects who do wrong elsewhere, but none else; it punishes acts hurtful to its own existence and to the community of its subjects; it punishes not according to an exact scale of deserts, for it can not, without a revelation, find out what the deserts of individuals are, nor what is the relative guilt of diiferent actions of difi'erent persons.\" * ^^^^IwJjLo The Absolute Goodness of God. 67. What distinctions are signified by the terms benevolence, complacency, mercy, and grace ? The infinite goodness of God is a glorious perfection wliich pre-eminently characterizes his nature, and which he, in an nifinitely wise, righteous, and sovereign manner, exercises towards his creatures in various modes according to their rela- tions and conditions. Benevolence is the goodness of God viewed generically. It embraces all his creatures, except the judicially condemned on account of sin, and provides for their welfare. The love of complacency is that approving affection with which God regards his own infinite perfections, and every image and reflection of them in his creatures, especially in the sanctified subjects of the new creation. God's mercy, of which the more passive forms are 2^ify and * This extract is slightly condensed. THE GOOD.VESS OF GOD. 159 compassion, is the divine goodness exercised with respect to the miseries of his creatiu-es, feehng for them, and making pro- vision for tlieir reHef, and in the case of impenitent sinners, leading to long-suffering jjatience. The grace of God is his goodness seeking to commnnicate his favors, and, above all, the fellowship of his own life and blessedness to his moral creatures, — who, as creatures, must be destitute of all merit, — and pre-eminently his electing love, se- curing at infinite cost the blessedness of its objects, who, as sinful creatures, were positively ill deserving. 68. State a false definition of divine benevolence often given, and state hoiv it is rightly defined. The infinite Benevolence of God is often defined as that attribute in virtue of which he communicates to all his crea- tures the greatest possible amount of happiness, i. e., as great as they are capable of receiving, or as great as is consistent with the attaiinnent of the greatest amount of happiness on the ag- gregate in tlie moral universe. But this supposes that God is limited by something out of himself, tliat he could not have seciu'ed more happiness for his creatures than he has actually done. It also makes happiness paramount in the view of God to excellence. Benevolence should, on the other hand, be defined as that attribute in virtue of which God produces all the happiness in the universe, which is consistent witli the end he had in view in its creation. These ends stand in this order. 1. The mani- festation of his own glory. 2. The highest moral excellence of his creatures. 3. Their highest blessedness in himself — Dr. Charles Hodge's Lectures. 69. What are the sources of our knoivledge of the fact that God is benevolent ? 1st. Reason. Benevolence is an essential element of moral perfection. God is infinitely perfect, and therefore infinitely benevolent. 2d. Experience and observation. The wisdom of God in designing, and the power of God in executing, in the several spheres of creation, providence, and revealed religion, have evi- dently been constantly determined by benevolent intentions. 3d. The direct assertions of Scripture. — Ps. clxv. 8, 9; 1 John iv. 8. 70. How may it be proved that God is gracious and loilling to forgive sin ? Neither reason nor conscience can ever raise a presumption IGO THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD. on this subject. It is the evident duty of fellow-creatures mu- tually to forgive injuries, but we have nothing to do with for- giving sm as sin. It appears plain that there can be no moral principle making it essential for a sovereign ruler to forgive sin as trangression of law. All that reason or conscience can assure us of in that regard is, that sin can not be forgiven without an atonement. The gracious affection which should prompt such a ruler to provide an atonement, must, from its essential nature, be per- fectly free and sovereign, and therefore it can be known only so far as it is graciously revealed. The gospel is, therefore, good neios confirmed by signs and wonders. — Ex. xxxiv. 6, 7; Epli. i. 7-9. 71. What are the different tJieories or assumptions on loMch it lias heen attempted to reconcile the existence of sin ivith the goodness of God? 1st. It has been argued by some that free agency is essential to a moral system, and that absolute independence of will is essential to free agency. That to control the wills of free agents is no more an object of j'^oioer than the working of contradictions; and consequently God, although omnipotent, could not prevent sin in a moral system without violating its nature.— See Dr. N. W. Taylor's \"Concio ad Clerum,\" 1828. 2d. Others have argued that sin was permitted by God in infinite wisdom as the necessary means to the largest possible measure of happiness in the universe as a whole. On both of these we remark — 1st. That the first theory above cited is founded on a false view of the conditions of human liberty and responsibility (see below, Chapter XV.); and, further, that it grossly limits the power of God by representing him as desiring and attempting what he can not effect, and that it makes him dependent upon his creatures. 2d. With reference to the second theory it should be remem- bered that God's own glory, and not the greatest good of the universe, is the great end of God in creation and providence. 3d. The permission of sin, in its relation both to the right- eousness and goodness of God, is an insolvable mystery, and all attempts to solve it only darken counsel with words without knowledge. It is, however, the privilege of our faith to know, though not of our philosophy to comprehend, that it is assur- edly a most wise, righteous, and merciful permission ; and that it shall redound to the glory of God and to the good of his chosen. THE TRUTH OF GOD. 161 72. How can the attributes of goodness and justice he shoivn to he consistent ? Goodness and justice are the several aspects of one un- changeable, infinitely wise, and sovereign moral perfection. God is not sometimes merciful and sometimes just, nor so far merciful and so far just, but he is eternally iniinitely merciful and just. Relatively to the creature this infinite perfection of nature presents different aspects, as is determined by the judg- ment which infinite wisdom delivers in each individual case. Even in our experience these attributes of our moral nature are found not to be inconsistent in ^principle, though our want both of wisdom and knowledge, a sense of our own unworthi- ness, and a mere physical sjunpathy, often sadly distract our judgments as well as our hearts in adjusting these principles to the individual cases of life. God's Absolute Truth.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "46", "sort_key": 46, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "What  is  truth  considei'ed  as  a  divine  attrihute?", "answer": "The truth of God in its widest sense is a perfection which qualifies all his intellectual and moral attributes. His knowl- edge is infinitely true in relation to its objects, and his wisdom unbiassed either by prejudice or passion. His justice and his goodness in all their exercises are infinitely true to the perfect standard of his own nature. In all outward manifestations of his perfections to his creatures, God is always true to his nature — always self-consistently divine. This attribute in its more special sense qualifies all God's intercourse Avith his rational creatures. He is true to us as well as to himself; and thus is laid the foundation of all faith, and therefore of all knowledge. It is the foimdation of all confidence, first, in our senses; second, in our intellect and conscience; third, in any authenticated, su- pernatural revelation. The two forms in which this perfection is exercised in rela- tion to us are, first, his entire truth in all his communications; second, his perfect sincerity in undertaking and faithfulness in discharging all his engagements. 74. Hoiu can the truth of God he reconciled ivith the apparent non-j)erformance of some of his threatenings ? The promises and threatenings of God are sometimes ahso- lute, when they are always infallibly fulfilled in the precise sense in which he intended them. They are often also condi- tional., made to depend upon the obedience or repentance of the 162 THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD. creature. — Jonah iii. 4, 10; Jer. xviii. 7, 8. This condition may be either expi-essed or inipHed, because the individual case is understood to be, of course, governed by the general principle that genuine repentance and faith delivers from every threat- ening and secures every promise. 75. How can tJie invitations and exhortations of the Scriptures, addressed to those whom God does not propose to save, he reconciled with his sincerity ? See above (Question 42), the distinction between God's pre- ceptive and his decretive will. His invitations and exhorta- tions are addressed to all men in good faith: first, because it is every man's duty to repent and believe, and it is God's preceptive will that every man should; second, because nothing ever pre- vents the obedience of any sinner, except his OAvn unwilling- ness; third, because in every case in Avhicli the condition is fulfilled the promise implied will be performed; fourth, God never has promised to enable every man to believe; fifth, these invitations and exhortations are not addressed to the reprobate as such, but to all sinners as such, with the avowed purpose of saving thereby the elect. The Infinite Sovereignty of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "47", "sort_key": 47, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "What  is  meant  hy  tJie  sovereignty  of  God  ?", "answer": "His absolute right to govern and dispose of all his creatures, simply according to his own good pleasure, 77. Prove that this right is asserted in Scripture. Dan. iv. 25, 35; Rev. iv. 11; 1 Tim. vi. 15; Rom. ix. 15-23.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "48", "sort_key": 48, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "On  ivhat  does  the  absolute  sovereignty  of  God  reM  ?", "answer": "1st. His infinite superiority in being and in all his perfec- tions to any and to all his creatures. 2d. As creatures the}^ were created out of nothing, and are now sustained in being by his power, for his owm glory and according to his own good pleasvn-e. — Rom. xi. 36. 3d. His infinite benefits to us, and our dependence upon and blessedness in him, are reasons why we should not only recognize, but rejoice, in this glorious truth. The Lord reign- eth, let the earth rejoice. 79. Is there any sense in luhich there are limits to the sovereignty of God? The sovereignty of God, viewed abstractly as one attribute among many, must of course be conceived of as qualified by all THE HOLINESS OF GOD. 163 the rest. It can not be otherwise than an infinitely wise, right- eous, and merciful sovereignty. But God, viewed concretely as an infinite sovereign, is abso- lutely unlimited by any thing without himself. \" He doeth according to his will in the army of heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth.\" — Dan. iv. 35.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "49", "sort_key": 49, "group": "Chapter VIII", "question": "What  is  meant  by  the  holiness  of  God?", "answer": "The holiness of God is not to be conceived of as one attri- bute among others; it is rather a general term representing the conception of his consummate perfection and total glory. It is his infinite moral perfection crowning his infinite intelli- gence and power. There is a glory of each attribute, viewed abstractly, and a glory of the whole together. The intellectual nature is the essential basis of the moral. Infinite moral per- fection is the crown of the Godhead. Holiness is the total glory thus crowned. Holiness in the Creator is the total perfection of an infinitely righteous intelligence. Holiness in the creature is not mere moral perfection, but perfection of the created nature of moral agents after their kind, in spiritual union and fellowship with the infinite Creator. — 1 John i. 3. The word holiness, as applied to God in Scripture, repre- sents, first, moral purity — Lev. xi. 44; Ps. cxlv. 17; second, his transcendently august and venerable majesty. — Isa. vi. 3; Ps. xxii. 3; Rev. iv. 8. To \"sanctify tlie Lord,\" i. e., to make him holy, is to de- clare and adore his holiness by venerating his august majesty wherever and whereinsoever his person or character is repre- sented.— Isa. viii. 13; xxix. 23; Ezek. xxxviii. 23; Matt. vi. 9; 1 Pet. iii. 15.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "50", "sort_key": 50, "group": "Chapter IX", "question": "In  what  sense  is  this  word  used  by  the  ecclesiastical  writers?", "answer": "Until the middle of the fourth century this word, in con- nection with the doctrine of the Trinity, was generally used in its primary sense, as equivalent to substance. It is used in this sense in the creed published by the Council of Nice A. D. 325, and again in the decrees of the Council of Sardica, in Illyria, a. d. 347. These agreed in affirming that there is but one hypostasis in the Godhead. Some, however, at that time understanding the word in the sense of person, its usage was changed by general consent, chiefly through the influence of Athanasius, and ever since it has been established in theolog- ical language in the sense of 2xrson, in contradistinction to 6v6ia, essence. It has been transferred into the English lan- guage in the form of an adjective, to designate the hypostatical or personal union of two natures in the God-man. 7. What is essential to personality, and hoiv is the word per- son to be defined in connection with the doctrine of the Trinity ? The Latin word, '■'■ snppositum\" signifies a distinct individual existence, e. g., a particular tree or horse. A person is ^^snp- positum intellectuale'' a distinct individual existence, to which belongs the properties of reason and free will. Throughout the entire range of our experience and observation of personal existence among creatures, personality rests upon and appears 166 THE HOLY TRINITY. to be inseparable from distinction of essence. Every distinct person is a distinct soul, with or without a body. That distinguishing mode of existence which constitutes the one divine essence co-ordinately three separate persous, is of course an infinite mystery which we can not understand, and therefore can not adequately define, and Avhich we can know only so far as it is explicitly revealed. All that we know is, that this distinction, which is called personality, embraces all those incommunicable properties which eternally belong to Father, Son, or Holy Ghost separately, and not to all in com- mon; that it lays the foundation for their concurrence in comi- sel, their mutual love and action one upon another, as the Father sending the Son, and the Father and Son sending the Spirit, and for use of the personal pronouns I, thou, he, in the revelation which one divine person gives of himself and of the others. Person is defined by Gerhard — \" Persona est substantia individua, intelligens, incommunicabilis, quoe non sustentatur in alio, vel ab alio.\" In relation to this great mystery of the divine trinity of persons in the unity of essence Calvin's defi- nition of Person is better because more modest. \" By 'person., then, I mean a subsistence in the divine essence — a subsistence which, while related to the other two, is distinguished from them by incommunicable properties.\" — \"Institutes,\" Book I., Chap. 13, § 6. 8. What other terms have been used by theologians as the equiv- alent of Person in this connection ? Greek, v7t66Ta6ii, and 7tp66conov — aspect; Latin, |}er.so?ia, hypo- stasis, subsisfenfia, aspectus: English, person, hypostasis. — Shedd's \" Hist. Christ Doc,\" B. III., C'h. 3, § 5. 9. What is meant by the terms d/toovdiov (of the same substance), and oMuiovdiov {of similar substmice)? In the first general council of the church which, consisting of three hundred and eighteen bishops, was called together by the Emperor Constantine at Nice, in Bithynia, a. d. 325, there were found to be three great parties representing difterent opinions concerning the Trinity. 1st. The orthodox party, who maintained the opinion now held by all Christians, that the Lord Jesus is, as to his divine nature, of the same identical substance with the Father. These insisted upon applying to him the definite tei^ra duoovdiov (ho- mo(uision), compounded of ujud?, same, and ovdia, suhsfance, to teach the great truth that tlie three persons of the Godhead are one God, because they are of the same numerical essence. THE SEVERAL PROPOSITIONS INVOLVED. 167 2d. The Arians, who maintained that the Son of God is the greatest of all creatures, more like God than any other, the only-begotten Son of God, created before all worlds, through whom God created all other things, and in that sense only divine. They held that the Son was srspoovdioy of different or generi- ically unlike essence from the Father. 3d. The middle party, styled Semiarians, who confessed that the Son was not a creature, but denied that he was in the same sense God as the Father is. They held that the Father is the only absolute self-existent God; yet that from eternity he, by his own free will, caused to proceed from himself a divine person of like nature and properties. They denied, therefore, that the Son was of the same substance (homoousion) with the Father, but admitted that he was of an essence truly similar, and derived from the Father (homoiousion, u/ioiovdiov, from, u/uoioi;, like, and 6v6ia, substance), generically though not nu- merically one. The opinions of the first, or orthodox party, prevailed at that council, and have ever since been represented by the technical phrase, Jiomoousian. For the creed promulgated by that council, see Chapter VII. 10. What are the several propositions essentially involved in the doctrine of the Trinity ? 1st. There is but one God, and this God is one, i. e., indivisible. 2d. That the one indivisible divine essence, as a whole, exists eternally as Father, and as Son, and as Holy Ghost; that each person possesses the whole essence, and is consti- tuted a distinct person by certain incommunicable properties, not common to him with the others. 3d. The distinction between these three is a personal distinc- tion, in the sense that it occasions (1) the use of the personal pronouns, I, thou, he, (2) a concurrence in counsel and a mutual love, (3) a distinct order of operation. 4th. Since there is but one divine essence, and since all attri- butes or active properties are inherent in and inseparable from the essence to which they pertain, it follows that all the divine attributes must be identically common to each of the three per- sons who subsist in common of the one essence. Among all creatures every distinct person is a distinct numerical sub- stance, and possesses a distinct intelligence, a distinct will, etc. In the Godhead, however, there is but one substance, and one intelligence, one will, etc., and yet three persons eternally co-exist of that one essence, and exercise that one intelligence and one ^vill, etc. In Christ on the contrary, there are two 168 THE HOLY TRINITY. spirits, two intelligences, two wills, and yet all the while one, indivisible person. 5tli. These divine persons being one God, all the divine attributes being common to each in the same sense, never- theless they are revealed in the Scriptures in a certain order of subsistence and of operation. (1.) Of suhsistence insomuch as the Father is neither begotten nor proceedeth, while the Son is eternally begotten by the Father, and the Spirit eternally proceedeth from the Father and the Son; (2.) of operation, in- somuch that the first person sends and operates through the second, and the first and second send and operate through the third. Hence the Father is always set forth as first., the Son as second, the Spirit as third. 6th. While all the divine attributes are common equally to the three persons, and all divine works wrought ad extra, such as creation, providence, or redemption, are predicated alike of the one divine being — the one God considered absolutely — and of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost sever- ally ; nevertheless the Scriptures attribute some divine works Avrought ad intra, exclusively to each divine person respect- ively, e. g., generation to the Father, filiation to the Son, pro- cession to the Holy Ghost; and there are likewise some divine works wrought ad extra which are attributed pre-eminently to each person respectively, e. g., creation to the Father, redemp- tion to the Son, and sanctification to the Holy Ghost. In order, therefore, to establish this doctrine in all its parts by the testimony of Scripture, it will be necessary for us to prove the following propositions in their order: 1st. That God is one. 2d. That Jesus of Nazareth, as to his divine nature, was truly God, yet a distinct person from the Father. 3d. That the Holy Spirit is truly God, yet a distinct person. 4th. That the Scriptures directly teach a trinity of persons in one Godhead. 5th. It will remain to gather Avhat the Scriptures reveal as to the eternal and necessary relations which these three divine persons sustain to each other. These are distributed under the following heads: (1) The relation which the second person sus- tains to the first, or the eternal generation of the Son; (2) the relation which the third person sustains to the first and second, or the eternal procession of the Holy Ghost; and, (3) their per- sonal properties and order of operation, ad extra. I. God is one, and there is but one God. The proof of this proposition, from reason and Scripture, THE DIVINITY OF CHRIST. 169 has been fully set forth above, in Chap. VIIL, on the Attributes of God, questions 12-18. The answer to the question, How the co-ordinate existence of three distinct persons in the Trinity can be reconciled with this fundamental doctrine of the divine unity, is given below in question 94 of this chapter, 11. Jesus of Nazareth, as to his divine nature, is truly God, and YET A distinct PERSON FROM THE FaTHER. 11. Wliat different views have been entertained tvith respect to the person of Christ ? The orthodox doctrine as to the person of Christ, is that he from eternity has existed as the co-equal Son of the Father, con- stituted of the same infinite self-existent essence with the Father and the Holy Ghost. The orthodox doctrine as to his person as at present consti- tuted, since his incarnation, is set forth in chap. XXIII. An account of the different heretical opinions as to his person are given below, in questions 96-99, of this chapter. 12. Hoiu far did the Jews at the time of Christ expect the Mes- siah to appear as a divine person ? When Christ appeared, it is certain that the great mass of the Jewish people had ceased to entertain the Scriptural ex- pectation of a divine Saviour, and only desired a temporal prince, in a pre-eminent sense, a favorite of heaven. It is said, however, that scattered hints in some of the rablnnical writings indicate that some of the more learned and spiritual still continued true to the ancient faith. 13. Hoio may the pre-existence of Jesus before his birth by the Virgin be proved from Scripture? 1st. Those passages which say that he is the creator of the world.— John i. 3; Col. i. 15-18. 2d. Those passages which directly declare that he Avas with the Father before the world was; that he was rich, and pos- sessed glory. — John i. 1, 15, 30; vi. 62; viii. 58; xvii. 5; 2 Cor. viii. 9. 3d. Those passages which declare that he \" came into the world,\" \"came down from heaven.\" — John iii. 13, 31; xiii. 3; xvi. 28 ; 1 Cor. xv. 47. 14. How can it be proved that the Jehovah ivho manifested him- self as the God of the Jeivs under the old economy was the second person of the Trinity, who became incarnate in Jesus of Nazareth ? As this fact is not affirmed in any single statement of 170 THE HOLY TRINITY. Scripture, it can be established only by a careful comparison of many passages. The evidence, as compiled from Hill's Lects., Book 111., ch. v., may be summed up as follows: 1st. All the divine appearances of the ancient economy are referred to one person. — Compare Gen. xviii. 2, 17; xxviii. 13; xxxii. 9, 31; Ex. iii. 14, 15; xiii. 21; xx. 1, 2; xxv. 21; Dent, iv. 33, 36, 39 ; Neh. ix. 7-28. This one person is called Jeho- vah, the incommunicable name of God, and at the same time angel, or one sent. — Compare Gen. xxxi. 11, 13; xlviii. 15, 16; Hosea xii. 2, 5. Compare Ex. iii. 14, 15, with Acts vii. 30-35; and Ex. xiii. 21, with Ex. xiv. 19 ; and Ex. xx. 1, 2, with Acts vii. 38 ; Isa. Ixiii. 7, 9. 2d. But God the Father has been seen by no man (John i. 18; vi. 46): neither could he be an angel, or one sent by any otlier; yet God the Son has been seen (1 John i. 1, 2), and sent (John V. 36). 3d. This Jehovah, who was at the same time the angel, or one sent, of the old economy, was also set forth by the proph- ets as the Saviour of Israel, and the author of the new dis- pensation. In Zech. ii. 10, 11, one Jehovah is represented as sending another. See Micah v. 2. In Mai. iii. 1, it is declared that \"the Lord,\" \"the messenger of the covenant,\" shall come to liis own temple. This applied to Jesus (Mark i. 2). — Com- pare Ps. xcvii. 7, with Heb. i. 6; and Isa. vi. 1-5, with John xii. 41. 4th. Certain references in the New Testament to passages in the Old appear directly to imply this fact. Compare Ps. Ixxviii. 15, 16, 35, with 1 Cor. x. 9. 5th. The Church is one under all dispensations, and Jesus from the beginning is the Redeemer and Head of the Church; it is, therefore, most consistent with all that has been revealed to us as to the offices of the three divine persons in the scheme of redemption, to admit the view here presented. See also John viii. 56, 58; Matt, xxiii. 37; 1 Pet. i. 10, 11. 15. In what form are the earliest disclosures made in the Old Testament of the existence and agency of a Person distinct from God and yet as divine ? In the earlier books an Angel is spoken of, sent from God, often appearing to men, and yet himself God. — Gen. xvi. 7-13. The Angel of Jehovah appears to Hagar, claims divine power, and is called God. — Gen. xviii. 2-33. Three angels appeai'ed to Abraham, one of whom is called Jehovah, v. 17. — Gen. xxxii. 25. An Angel wrestles Avith Jacob and blesses him as God, and in Hosea, xii. 3-5, that Angel is called God. — Ex. iii. 2. The Angel of Jehovah appeared to JMoses in the burn- THE DIVINITY OF CHRIST. 171 ing bush, and in the following verses this angel is called Jeho- vah, and other divine titles are ascribed to liim. This Angel led the Israelites in the wilderness. — Ch. xiv. 19 ; Isa. Ixiii. 9. Jehovah is represented as saving his people by the Angel of las Presence. Thus Malachi iii. 1 — \"The Lord, the Angel of the covenant shall suddenly come to his temple.\" This applied to Christ.— Mark i. 2. 16. Wlmt evidence of the divinity of the 3Iessiah does the 2d Psalm iJtesent ? It declares him to be the Son of God, and as such to receive universal power over tlie whole earth and its inhabitants. All are exhorted to submit to him, and to trust him, on pain of his anger. In Acts xiii, 33, Paul declares that Psalm refers to Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "51", "sort_key": 51, "group": "Chapter IX", "question": "What  evidence  is  furnished  hy  the  4:5th  Psalm  ?", "answer": "The ancient Jews considered this Psalm addressed to the jSIessiah, and the fact is established by Paul (Heb. i. 8, 9). Here, therefore, Jesus is called God, and his throne eternal. 18. What evidence is furnished by Psalm 110.'* . That this Psalm refers to the Messiah is proved by Christ (Matt. xxii. 43, 44), and by Paul (Heb. v. 6; vii. 17). He is here called David's Lord ( Adonai), and invited to sit at the right hand of Jehovah until all his enemies be made his footstool.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "52", "sort_key": 52, "group": "Chapter IX", "question": "WJiat  evidence  is  furnished  by  Isaiah  ix.  6  ?", "answer": "This passage self-evidently refers to the INIessiah, as is con- firmed by Matt. iv. 14-16. It declares explicitly that the child born \"is also the mighty God, the everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "53", "sort_key": 53, "group": "Chapter IX", "question": "What  is  the  evidence  furnished  by  Micah  v.  2  ?", "answer": "This was understood by the Jews to refer to Christ, which is confirmed by j\\Iatt. ii. 6, and John vii. 42. The passage declares that his goings forth have been \" from ever of old,\" i. e., from eternity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "54", "sort_key": 54, "group": "Chapter IX", "question": "What  evidence  isfurnisJied  by  Malachi  iii.  1,  2  ?", "answer": "This passage self-evidently refers to the Messiah, as is con- firmed by Mark i. 2. The Hebrew term (Adonai), here translated Lord, is never applied to any other than the supreme God. The temple, which w^as sacred to the presence and worship of Jehovah, is called 172 THE HOLY TRINITY. his temple. And in verse 2d, a divine Avork of judgment is ascribed to him. 22. What evidence is afforded by the way in which the writers of the New Testament apply the writings of tJie Old Testament to Christ ? The apostles frequently apply the language of the Old Tes- tament to Christ, when it is evident that the original writers intended to speak of Jehovah, and not of the Messiah as such. Psalm 102 is evidently an address to the supreme Lord, ascribing to him eternity, creation, providential government, worship, and the hearing and answering of prayer. But Paul (Heb. i. 10-12) affirms Christ to be the subject of the address. In Isa. xlv. 20-25, Jehovah speaks and asserts his own supreme Lordship. But Paul, in Rom. xiv. 11, quotes a part of Jeho- vah's declaration with regard to himself, to prove that we must all stand before the judgment-seat of Christ. — Compare also Isa. vi. 3, with John xii. 41. 23. What is the general character of the evidence upon this sttbject afforded by the New Testament ? This fundamental doctrine is presented to us in every indi- vidual writing, and in every separate paragraph of the New Testament, either by direct assertion or by necessary implica- tion, as may be ascertained by every honest reader for himsel£ The mass of this testimony is so great, and is so intimately in- terwoven with every other theme in every passage, that I have room here to present only a general sample of the evidence, classified under the usual heads. ^ 24. Prove that the Neiv Testament ascribes divine titles to Christ. John i. 1; xx. 28; Acts xx. 28; Rom. ix. 5; 2 Thess. i. 12; 1 Tim. iii. 16; Titus ii. 13; Heb. i. 8; 1 John v. 20. 25. Prove that the New Testament ascribes divine -perfections to Christ. Eternity. — John i. 2; viii. 58; xvii. 5; Rev. i. 8, 17, 18; xxii. 13. Immutability. — Heb. i. 11, 12, and xiii. 8. Omnipresence. — John iii. 13; Matt, xviii. 20; xxviii. 20. Omniscience. — Matt. xi. 27; John ii. 23-25; xxi. 17; Rev. ii. 23. Omnipotence. — John v. 17; Heb. L 3; Rev. i. 8; xi. 17. DIVINITY AND PERSONALITY OF THE HOLY GHOST. 173 26. Prove that the New Testament ascribes divine works to Christ. Creation.— John i. 3, 10; Col. i. 16, 17. Preservation and Providence. — Heb. i. 3; Col. i. 17; Matt, xxviii. 18. Miracles. — John v. 21, 36. Judgment— 2 Cor. v. 10; Matt. xxv. 31, 32; John v. 22. A work of grace, including election. — John xiii. 18. Sanctification, Eph. v. 26; sending the Holy Ghost, John xvi. 7, 14; giving eternal life, John x. 28; Turretin, Tom. I., L. 3, Q. 28. 27. Prove that the Neio Testament teaches that supreme ivor- ship should be paid to Christ Matt, xxviii. 19; John v. 22, 23; xiv. 1; Acts vii. 59, 60; 1 Cor. i. 2; 2 Cor. xiii. 14; Phil. ii. 9, 10; Heb. i. 6; Kev. i. 5, 6; V. 11, 12; vii. 10. 28. Prove that the Son, although God, is a distinct person from the Father. This fact is so plainly taught in Scripture, and so univer- sally implied, that the Sabellian system, which denies it, has never obtained any general currency. Christ is sent by the Father, comes from him, returns to him, receives his commandment, does his will, loves him, is loved by him, addresses prayer to him, uses the pronouns thou and he when speaking to and of him. This is necessarily im- plied, also, in the relative titles. Father and Son. See the whole New Testament. In establishing the doctrine of the Trinity, as far as the Second Person is involved, the stress lies altogether in prov- ing the absolute Divinity of Christ, his distinct personality being so obvious as to be practically beyond dispute. While in vindicating the truth of the doctrine as it respects the Third Person the whole stress lies in proving His distinct person- ality, his absolute divinity being so clearly revealed as to be unquestionable. in. The Holy Ghost is truly God, yet a distinct person.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "55", "sort_key": 55, "group": "Chapter IX", "question": "What  sects  have  held  that  the  Holy  Ghost  is  a  creature  ?", "answer": "The divinity of the Holy Ghost is so clearly revealed in Scripture that very few have dared to call it in question. The early controversies of the orthodox with the Arians precedent and consequent to the Council of Nice, a. d. 325, to such a degree absorbed the mind of both parties with the question of 174 THE HOLY TRINITY. the divinity of the Son, that very little prominence was given in that age to questions concerning the Holy Ghost. Arins, how- ever, is said to have taught that as the Son is the first and greatest creature of the Father, so the Holy Ghost is the first and greatest creature of tlie Son ; a MTid^a uri6i.iaxo<i, a creature of a creature.— See Neander's \" Ch. Hist,\" Vol. I., pp. 416-420. Some of the disciples of Macedonius, bishop of Constanti- nople, A. D. 341-360, are said to have held that the Holy Ghost was not Supreme God. These were condemned by the second General Council, Avhich met at Constantinople, a. d. 381. This council defined and guarded the orthodox faith, by adding de- finite clauses to the simple reference which the ancient creed had made to the Holy Ghost. — See the Creed of the Council of Constantinople, Chapter 7. 30. By whom has tlie Holy Spirit been regarded merely as an energy of God? Those early heretical sects, generally styled Monarchians and Patripassians, all with subordinate distinctions taught that there was but one person as well as one essence in the Godhead, who, in different relations, is called Father, Son, or Holy Ghost. In the sixteenth century Socinus, who taught that Jesus Christ was a mere man, maintained that the term Holy Ghost is in Scripture used as a designation of God's energy, when exer- cised in a particular way. This is now the opinion of all mod- ern Unitarians and Rationalists. 31. Hotv can it be proved that all the attributes of personality are ascribed to the Holy Ghost in the Scriptures ? The attributes of personality are such as intelligence, voli- tion, separate agency. Christ uses the pronouns, I, thou, he, when speaking of the relation of the Holy Spirit to himself and the Father: \"I will send him.\" \"He Avill testify of me.\" \"Whom the Father will send in my name.\" Thus he is sent; he testifies; he takes of the things of Christ, and shows tiiem to us. He teaches and leads to all truth. He knows, because he searches the deep things of God. He works all supernat- ural gifts, dividing to every man as he Avills. — John xiv. 17, 26; XV. 26; 1 Cor. ii. 10, 11; xii. 11. He reproves, glorifies, helps, intercedes. — John xvi. 7-13; Rom. viii. 26. 32. Hoio may his personality be argued from, the offices which he is said in the Scriptures to execute ? The New Testament throughout all its teachings discovers the plan of redemption as essentially involving the agency of the Holy Ghost in applying the salvation which it was the THE HOLY SPIRIT. 175 work of the Son to accomplish. He inspired the prophets and apostles; he teaches and sanctifies the church ; he selects her of- ficers, qualifying them by the commnnication of special gifts at his will. He is the advocate, every Christian is his client. He brings all the grace of the absent Christ to ns, and gives it effect in our persons in every moment of our lives. His personal dis- tinction is obviously involved in the very nature of these func- tions which he discharges. — Luke xii. 12; Acts v. 32; xv. 28; xvi. 6; xxviii. 25; Rom. xv. 16; 1 Cor. ii. 13; Heb. ii. 4; iii. 7; 2 Pet. i. 21. 33. What argument for the personality of the Holy Ghost may he deduced from the formula of baptism ? Christians are baptized \"in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.\" It would be inconsistent with every law of language and reason to speak of the \"name\" of an energy, or to associate an energy co-ordinately with two distinct persons. 34. Hoiv may his personality be j^roved by ivhat is said of the sin against the Holy Ghost ? In Matt. xii. 31, 32; Mark iii. 28, 29; Luke xii. 10, this sin is called \" blasphemy against the Holy Ghost.\" Now, blas- phemy is a sin committed against a person, and it is here dis- tinguished from the same act as committed against the other persons of the Trinity. 35. Hoiv can such expressions as ^^ giving\" and ^^ pouring out the Sjnrit\" be reconciled with his personcdity ? These and other similar expressions are used figurativel}'' to set forth our participation in the gifts and influences of the Spirit. It is one of the most natural and common of all figures to designate the gift by the name of the giver. Thus we are said \"to put on Christ,\" \"to be baptized into Christ,\" etc. — Eph. V. 30; Rom. xiii. 14; Gal. iii. 27. 36. Shoio that the names of God are applied to the Spirit. Compare Ex. xvii. 7, and Ps. xcv. 7, with Heb. iii. 7-11. — See Acts v. 3, 4.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "56", "sort_key": 56, "group": "Chapter IX", "question": "What  divine  attributes  do  the  Scriptures  ascribe  to  him  ?", "answer": "Omnipresence. — Ps. cxxxix. 7; 1 Cor. xii. 13. Omniscience. — 1 Cor. ii. 10, 11. Omnipotence. — Luke i. 35; Rom. viii. 11. 38. What agency in the external world do tlie Scriptures ascribe to him? 176 THE HOLY TRINITY. Creation. — Gen. i. 2 ; Job xxvi. 13 ; Ps. civ. 30. The power of working miracles. — Matt. xii. 28; 1 Cor. xii. 9-11. 39. Hoiv is Ms supreme divinity established hy what the Script- ures teach of his agency in redemption ? He is declared to be the immediate agent in regeneration, John iii. 6; Titus iii. 5; and in the resurrection of our bodies, Rom. viii. 11. His agency in the generation of Christ's human nature, in his resurrection, and in the inspiration of the Script- ures, were exertions of his divine power in preparing the re- demption which he now applies. 40. Hoiv can siich expressions as, \"/ie shall not speak of himself\" he reconciled ivith his divinity ? This and other similar expressions are to be understood as referring to the official work of the Spirit; just as the Son is said in his official character to be sent by and to be subordinate to the Father. The object of the Holy Ghost, in his official work in the hearts of men, is not to reveal the relations of his own person to the other persons of the Godhead, but simply to reveal the mediatorial character and work of Christ. IV. The Scriptures directly teach a Trinity of Persons in One Godhead. 41. How is this trinity of persons directly taught in the formula of baptism ? Baptism in the name of God implies the recognition of God's divine authority, his covenant engagement to give us eternal life, and our engagement to render him divine worship and obedience. Christians are baptized thus into covenant relation with three persons distinctly named in order. The language necessarily implies that each name represents a person. The nature of the sacrament proves that each person must be divine. — See Matt, xxviii. 19. 42. Hoio is this doctrine directly taught in the formtda of the apostolical benediction ? See 2 Cor. xiii. 14. We have here distinctly named three persons, and each communicating a separate blessing, accord- ing to his own order and manner of operation. The benevo- lence of the Father in designing, the grace of the Son in the acquisition, the communion of the Holy Ghost in the applica- tion of salvation. These are three distinct personal names, . DIRECT STATEMENTS OF THE DOCTRINE. 177 three distinct modes of personal agency, and each equally- divine. 43. What evidence is afforded hy the narrative of Christ's baptism ? See j\\Iatt. iii. 13-17. Here also we have presented to us three persons distinctly named and described as severally act- ing, each after his own order. The Father speaking from heaven, the Spirit descending like a dove and lighting upon Christ, Christ acknowledged as the beloved Son of God ascend- ing from the water. 44 State the argument from John xv. 26, and the context. In this passage again we have three persons severally named at the same time, and their relative action affirmed. The Son is the person speaking of the Father and the Spirit, and claiming for himself the right of sending the Spirit. The Fatlier is tlie person from whom the Spirit proceeds. Of the Spirit the Son says that \"he will come,\" \"he will be sent,\" \"he proceedeth,\" \" he will testify.\" 45. What is the state of the evidence icith regard to the gen- uineness of 1 John V. 7 ? I have not room in which to present a synopsis of the argu- ment for and against the genuineness of the disputed clause which could be of any value. — See \" Home's Intro.,\" Vol IV., Part II., chapter iv., section 5. It will suffice to say — 1st. The disputed clause is as follows, including part of the eighth verse: \"i;'?i heaven., the Fcdher, the Word, and the Holy Ghost; and these three are one. And there are three that hear witness in earth.\" 2d. Learned and pious men are divided in their opinions as to the preponderance of the evidence; the weight of opinion inclining against the genuineness of the clause. 3d. The doctrine taught is so scriptural, and the grammat- ical and logical connection of the clause with the rest of the passage is so intimate, that for the purpose of edification, in the present state of our knowledge, the clause ought to be retained, although for the purpose of establishiru/ doctrine, it ought not to be relied upon. 4th. The rejection of this passage does in no degree lessen the irresistible weight of evidence of the truth of the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity which the Scriptures afford. 178 THE HOLY TRINITY. 46. What passages in the Old Testament imply the existence of more titan one person in the Godhead ? Mark the use of the plural in the following passages. — Gen. i. 26; iii. 22; xi. 7; Isa. vi. 8; Compare the three-fold repeti- tion of the name Jehovah (Num. vi. 24-26) with the apostol- ical benediction — 2 Cor. xiii. 14. Mark also in Isa. vi. 3, the threefold repetition of the ascription of holiness. 47. What passages in the Old Testament speak of the Son as a distinct person from the Father, and yet as divine? In Ps. xlv. 6, 7, we have the Father addressing the Son as God, and anointing him. — See also Ps. ex. 1; Isa. xliv. 6, 7, 14. The prophecies always set forth the ]\\Ies.siah as a person distinct from the Father, and yet he is called \" Mighty God,\" etc. — Isa. ix. 6; Jer. xxiii. 6. 48. What passages of the Old Testament speak of the Spirit as a distinct person from the Father, and yet as divine ? Gen. i. 2; vi. 3; Ps. civ. 30; cxxxix. 7; Job xxvi. 13; Isa. xlviii. 16. V. It remains for us to consider what the Scriptures teach con- cerning THE Eternal and Necessary Kelations which the Three Divine Persons sustain to each other. (I.) The Relation which the Second Person sustains to the First, or the Eternal Generation of the Son.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "57", "sort_key": 57, "group": "Chapter IX", "question": "IJliaf  is  the  idiomatic  use  of  the  Hehreio  ivord  I?  {son)?", "answer": "It is used in the sense — 1st. Of son. 2d. Of descendant; hence in the plural \"children of Israel,\" for Israelites. Also when joined to a name of place or nation to denote inhabitants or citizens thereof, as \"sons of Zion,\" etc. 3d. Of pupil, disciple, worshipper; thus \"sons of the prophets\" (1 Kings xx. 35); and \"sons of God,\" applied, (1) to kings, Ps. ii. 7; (2) to angels, Gen. vi. 2; (3) to worshippers of God, his own people, Deut. xiv. 1. 4th. In combination with substantives, expressing age or quality, etc.; thus, \"sons of years,\" for aged. Lev. xii. 6; \"son of Belial,\" for worthless fellow, Deut. xiii. 13; \"son of death,\" for one deserving to die, 1 Sam. xx. 31; \"a hill son of fatness,\" for a fruitful hill. The same idiom has been car- ried into the Greek of the New Testament. — See Gesenius' \"Heb. Lex.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "58", "sort_key": 58, "group": "Chapter IX", "question": "In  ivhat  sense  are  men  called  \"  sons  of  God  \"  in  Scripture  ?", "answer": "THE ETERNAL SON'S HIP OF CHRIST. 179 The general idea embraced in the rtdation of sonship in- chides — 1st, similarity and derivation of nature; 2d, parental and filial love; and 3d, heirship. In this general sense all God's holy, intelligent creatures are called his sons. The term is applied in an eminent sense to kings and magistrates who receive dominion from God (Ps. Ixxxii. 0), and to Christians who are the subjects of spiritual regeneration and adoption (Gal. iii. 2(3), the special objects of divine favor (Matt. v. 9), and are like him (Matt. v. 45). When applied to creatures, whether men or angels (Job i. 6), this word is always used in the plural. In the singular it is applied only to the second person of the Trinity, Avith the single ex- ception of its application once to Adam (Luke iii. 38), when the reason is obviously to mark the peculiarity of his derivation from God immediately without the intervention of a human father. 51. What reasons do Sodnians assign for the application of the term Son of God to Glirist ? 1st. Some Socinians hold that he is called Son of God only as an official title, as it is applied in the plural to ordinary kings and magistrates. 2d. Other Socinians hold that he was called Son of God only because he was brought into being by God's supernatural agency, and not by ordinary generation. To maintain this they appeal to Luke i. 35. 52. Hovj can you ansiver the Socinian argument derived from Luke i. 35; to the effect that Christ was ccdled \"Son of God\" because of his miraculous birth alone? We answer — 1st. If that reason is the fundamental one why the phrase \"Son of God\" is generally applied to Christ it should render him the \"Son of the Spirit,\" who overshad- owed the Virgin, and not the \"Son of the Father.\" But he is never once so called, nor is any such relation ever indicated in Scripture. 2d. Even if this was one reason for the application of the phrase it would not follow that there are not other and deeper reasons for its use revealed in Scripture — which will be proved below to be the fact. 3d. Probably the real design of the passage was simply to convey to Mary the knowledge that in consequence of his supernatural generation her son, that is the man child born of her, is to be called \"the Son of God.\" It was not a common child — the thing born of her was to be regarded as peculiarly ISO THE HOLY TRINITY. related to God, until the complete revelation of his eternal Son- ship as a divine person. 53. JFhat reason do Avians assign for the asa^iption of this title to Christ? Arians hold that he is so called because he was created by God more in his own likeness than any other creature, and first in the order of time. 54. What reason do some Trinitarians, who at this point depart from the orthodox faith, give for the appilication of this title to Christ, and to lohat passages do they appeal? They hold that the title \"Son of God\" applies to Christ not as Logos, the eternal Second Person of the Trinity, but as The- aiithropos. They object to the orthodox doctrine of the eternal Sonship of Christ. Ist. That Sonship implies derivation and hence inferiority. 2d. That the term \"Son\" in many passages is applied to him interchangeably with the term \"Christ\" and other official titles, belonging to his jNIediatorial office and not to his eternal relations within the Godhead. They refer to Matt. xvi. 16; John i. 49, etc. 3d. That in Ps. ii. 7 it is expressly declared that Christ is constituted \"Son of God\" in time, instead of his co-existing as such from eternity with the Fatlier by necessity of nature. 4th. The same is argued from Rom. i. 4. 55. Show that the orthodox doctrine is not open to the objection that it represents the Second Person as inferior to the First. This objection derives all its plausibility from unduly press- ing the analogy between the human relations of Father and Son and the divine relations signalized by the same terms. The one may be so far the best existing analogy of the other known to us, as to lay the foundation for the proper application of the terms derived from the known relation to designate the un- known, while we must remember that the two things are necessarily as different as the material is from the spiritual, as the temporal is from the eternal, as the finite is from the infinite. Besides it rests upon a misapprehension of the ortho- dox doctrine as to the following particulars: 1st. The church doctrine is that the Person not the essence of the Son is generated by the Father. The self-existent essence of the Godhead belongs to the Son equally with the Father from eternity. 2d. Tiiat the Father begets the Son by an eternal and nec- essary constitutional (not voluntary) act. This prevents the THE ETERNAL SONSHIP OF CHRIST. 181 Son from being in any sense dependent upon or inferior to the Father, and distinguishes the church doctrine from Semi- arianism, see below, Question 97. 56. Slioio that their ohjedion to the church doctrine based upon Matt. xvi. 16; John i. 49, etc., does iwt hold good. In none of these passages is it affirmed that he is Son as the Christ, i. e., as JMediator, but that being the eternal Son of God he is the Christ, the King of Israel, etc. 57. Prove that neither the 2d Psalm nor Rom. i. 4, teach that Christ ivas made Son of God. Dr. Alexander says (see \"Com. on Psalms\") with relation to Psalm ii. 7, that it means simply, \"Thou art my Son, this day I am thy Father, now always eternally thy Father. Even if ' this day ' be referred to the inception of the filial relation, it is thrown iijdefinitely back by the form of reminiscence, or narra- tion, in the first clause of the verse. 'Jehovah said to me,' but when? If understood to mean from everlasting the form of expression would be perfectly in keeping with the other figur- ative forms by which the Scriptures represent things really ineffable in human language.\" Rom. i. 4 — \"And declared (^dpidSevro?) to be the Son of God with power according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrec- tion from the dead.\" The word 6pi6fjEvroi everywhere else in the New Testament signifies to constitute, to appoint, but here it is insisted that it signifies to manifest. The word strictly means to hound., to dfne, and may naturally mean to set forth, to characterize. This sense is said (Dr. Charles Hodge, \"Com. Rom.\") to be adopted by the great majority of commentators, including some of the ancient Greek Fathers. Besides, even if our opponents' interpretation of this passage were allowed, the indubitable evidence afforded to our position by other passages would remain. The two reasons for calling Christ Son are not inconsistent. It is very evident that Christ called himself Son of God, and was so recognized by his disciples before his resurrection, and, therefore, he might have been revealed or manifested to be the Son of God, but could not have been constituted such by that event. 58. Shoiu that Acts xiii. 32, 33, does not prove that Jesus was made Son of God. It is argued from this passage that Jesus was constituted Son of God by his resurrection, as the first stage of his official exaltation. This can not be — 1st. Because he was sent into the 182 THE HOLY TRINITY. world as Son of God. 2d. Because the word dradrrjda?, having raised up, refers to the raising np Christ at his birth, and not to his resnrrection (there is nothing in the Greek corresponding to the word again in the English). When this word is used to designate the resurrection it is usually qualified by the phrase from the dead, as in verse 34. \"On di avedrr/dev avrov en vshpcSv. Verse 32 declares the fulfillment of the promise referred to in verse 23. — See Alexander's \" Com. on Acts.\" 59. Sfafe the orthodox ansioer to the question lohy Christ is called '■'■Son of God.\" The orthodox doctrine is that Christ is called \" Son of God \" in Scripture to indicate his eternal and necessary personal rela- tion as the Second Person of the Godhead to the First Person, who is called Father to indicate the reciprocal relation. 60. II021J is the doctrine stated in the Nicene and Athanasian Creeds and in the Westminster Confession ? Nicene Creed. — \" Son of God, begotten of his Father before all worlds ; God of God, Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten not made, being of one substance with the Father.\" Athanasian Creed. — \"The Son is from the Father alone, nei- ther made, nor created, but begotten.\" Westminster Confession. — \"The Father is of none, neither begotten nor proceeding; the Son is eternally begotten of the Father; the Holy Ghost eternally proceeding from the Father and the Son.\" 6L What is the common statement and explanation of this doc- trine given by orthodox loriters ? The eternal generation of the Son is commonly defined to be an eternal personal act of the Father, wherein, by necessity of nature, not by choice of will, he generates the person (not the essence) of the Son, by communicating to him the whole indivisible substance of the Godhead, without division, aliena- tion, or change, so that the Son is the express image of his Father's person, and eternally continues, not from the Father, bi;t in the Fatlier, and the Father in the Son. — See particularly Heb. i. 3; John x. 38; xiv. 11; xvii. 21. The principal Scrip- tural support of the doctrine of derivation is John v. 26. — Tur- retin, Tom. I., L. 3, Q. 2^i). Those theologians who insist upon this definition believe that the idea of derivation is necessarily implied in generation ; that it is indicated by both the reciprocal terms Father and Son, and by the entire representation given in the Scriptures as to the relation and order of the persons of the Godhead, the THE ETERNAL SONSHIP OF CHRIST. 183 Father always standing for the Godhead considered absohitely; and they hold that this theory is necessary to the vindication of the essential unity of the three persons. The older theo- logians, therefore, styled the Father itrjyi] Oeor^^ros, fountahi of Godhead., and dizia viuv, prhiciple or cause of the Son, while the Son and Holy Ghost were botli called ditiaroi (those depend- ing upon another as their principle or cause). They at the same time guarded the essential equality of the Son and the Holy Ghost witli the Father, by saying, 1st, that the whole divine essence, without division or change, and, therefore, all the divine attributes, were communicated to them ; and, 2d, that this communication was made by an eternal and necessary act of the Father, and not of his mere will. In all the early Creeds this identity as to essence, and subordination as to mode of subsistence and operation, is ex- pressed by the phrases as above. Qedi kx Beov, cpcSi ek (pc^ro?; £H Tov itatpoi ; QedS d^.TfQivo'S eh Beov dXr]Bivdv ; ysyvr/QEii 6v TtoirjBEii ; oMOOvdiov TOO Ttavpi. 62. State how tliey endeavored to guard their doctrine from aU antliropomorphic grossness. In order to guard their doctrine of derivation and eternal generation from all gross anthropomorphic conceptions they carefully maintained that it was — (1) dxpoyai?, timeless, eterncd; (2) ddooiiazooi, not bodllij, spiritual; (3) ad/jaro?, invisible; (4) dxoo- pidrcoi, not a local transference, a communication not ivithout hut icithin the Godhead; (5) aVaQcJ?, ivithout passion or change; (6) navreXooi duardXyjittoi, altogether irucomprehensible. 63. What is essential to the Scriptural doctrine of the eternal generation of the Son ? In the above rendered account of the orthodox doctrine there is nothing inconsistent with revealed truth. The idea of derivation, as involved in the generation of the Son by the Father, appears rather to be a rational explanation of revealed facts than a revealed fact itself On such a subject, therefore, it should be held in suspense. All that is explicitly revealed is, 1st, the term Son is applied to Christ as the second person of the Godhead. 2d. This term, and the equivalent one, \"only begotten,\" reveal some relation, within the Godhead, of the person of the Son to the person of the Father; the designa- tion Father being reciprocal to that of Son. 3d. That this re- lation is such that Father and Son are tlie same in substance, and are personally equal; that the Father is first and tlie Son second in the order of revelation and operation, that the Son 184 THE HOLY TRINITY. is the express image of the Father's person, not tlie Father of the Son's, and that the Son is not from the Father, but in the Father, and the Father in tlie Son. 64. How may it he shown tJiat the common doctrine is not self- contradictory ? There is evidently no inconsistency in the simple Scriptural statement given in the answer to the last question. Heterodox controversialists, however, have claimed that there is a mani- fest inconsistency in the orthodox theory that the Father com- municates to the Son the whole divine essence Avithout alien- ating it from himself, dividing or otherwise changing it. This subject does not fall within the legitimate sphere of human logic, yet it is evident that this theory involves no contradic- tion and no mystery greater than that involved in the whole essence of God being at the same time present, without divi- sion or diffusion, to every point of space. 65. By u'Jiat terms, besides that of \">S'o%\" is the personal char- acter of the Second Person, and his relation to the First Person designated? Aoyoi npoi ruv Qsoi'^xat 6s6? t}v 6 XoyoZ. The Word icith God, and who is God — John i. 1. EIkc^v tov Beou rov dopdrov. The Image of tlie invisiUe God — 2 Cor iv. 4; Col. i. 15. Xapaxzrjp rijz v7to6Tcx6Eooi avrov. \" The image or impression of his being or sub- stance\"— Heb. i. 3. Ev /lopcpy Oeov. Tlie form, of God — Phil. ii. 6; 'ATtavya6i.ia rt/i doii/i dvrov. '•''The shining forth of his glory\" — Heb. i. 3. &Q. What is the distinction which some of the fathers made be- tween the eternal, the ante-mundane, and the mundane generation of the Son ? 1st. By his eternal generation they intended to mark his essential relation to the Father as his consubstantial and eter- nal S(jn. 2d. By his ante-mundane generation they meant to signify the commencement of the outgoings of his energy, and the manifestation of his person beyond the bosom of the Godhead, in tlie sphere of external creation, etc. — Col. i. 15. 3d. l^y his mundane generati(m they intended his supernat- ural birth in the flesh. — Luke i. 35. 67. What is the disfiiiction which some of the fathers made be- tween the Xoyoi avdidfjF.roi {rcftio insita, reason), and the Ao>o? TtpoqtopiKo'i {ratio prolata, reason brought forth, or expressed)? THE ETERNAL SONSHIP OF CHRIST. 185 The orthodox fathers used the phrase locjo^ endiatlictos to designate the Word, whom they held to be a distinct person, dwelling- from eternity with the Father. The ground of their use of this phrase was a fanciful analogy which they conceived existed between the relation which the eternal hxjos (word, or reason) (John i. 1) sustains to the Father, and the relation which the reason of a man sustains to his own rational soul. Thus the logos endiathetos was God's own reflective idea hypos- tatized. They were led to this vain attempt to philosophize upon an incomprehensible subject by the influence exerted upon them by the Platonic philosophers of that age, who taught a sort of metaphysical trinity, e. g., that in the one God there were three constituent principles, rJ dya^jov, good- ness, vovi, intelligence, ipvxV) vitality. Their immediate object was to . illustrate the essential unity of the Trinity, and to prove, against the Arians, the essential divinity of the Son, from the application to him by John of the epithet Xoyoi 6sov. By the phrase logos proj^Jtoficos they intended to designate him as the reason of God revealed, when he proceeded from the Father in the work of creation. — See Hill's \" Lectures.\" The Arians, taking advantage of the essential inadequacy of this language, confused the controversy by acknowledging that the phrase logos prophoricos did truly apply to Christ, since he came forth from God as the flrst and highest creation and image of his mind. But declaring, with some color of truth, that the phrase logos endiathetos, when applied to Christ, taught pure Sabellianism, since it marked no personal distinction, but signified nothing else than the mind of the Father itself 68. If God is \" ens a se ipso,'' self -existent, how can the Son he really God, if he he \"Baoi sk Osov,'' God from the Father? The objection presented in this question does not press against the Scriptural statement of the eternal generation of the Son presented above (Question 63), but solely against the theory of derivation as involved in the ordinary definition (see Question 61). Those who insist iipon the validity of that view rebut the objection by saying that self-existence is an attribute of essence, not of person. The Father, as a person, generates the person, not the essence of the Son, whose person is consti- tuted of the very same self-existent essence with the Father's. Thus the Son is avroOsoi, i. e., Deus a se ipso as to his essence, but Oeoi EH 6eou, God from God, as to his person. 69. What argument for the eternal sonship of Christ may he derived from the designcdion of the persons of the Trinity as Father, So7i, and Holy Ghost? 18G THE HOLY TRINITY. In the apostolical benediction and the formnla of baptism the one God is designated as Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. The term Son can not here be applied to Christ as an official title, or as a miraculously generated man, because, 1st, he is so called as one of the three divine persons constituting the God- head. 2d. The term Son is reciprocal to the term Father, and therefore designates the relation of the second person to the first. Whatever this relation may involve besides, it evidently must be eternal and necessary, and includes paternity on the part of the first person, and filiation on the part of the second. 70. What argument in support of this doctrine may he derived from tJie use of the ivord-son in ]\\Iatt. xi. 27 and Luke x. 22.? In both of these passages the term Son is used to designate the divine nature of the second person of the Trinity in his i-e- lation to the first. The Son, as Son, knows and is known by the Father as Father. He is infinite in knowledge and there- fore knows the Father. He is infinite in being and therefore can be known by none other than the Father, 71. State tJie argument from John i. 1-14. Here the eternal Word, who was God, discovered himself as such to his disciples by the manifestation of his native divine glory, \" the glory as of the only begotten of the Father.\" He was \" only begotten Son,\" therefore as God, and not either as Mediator or as man. 72. State the argument from, the application in Scripture of the terms /.lovoyEvrji, {only begotten) and i'Sioi, {oitii) to the Sonship of Christ. Although many of God's creatures are called his sons, the phrase, Son of God, in the singular, and when limited b}' the terms \" own \" and \" only begotten,\" is applied only to Christ. Christ is called \"only begotten Son of God.\" — John i. 14, 18; iii. 16, 18; 1 John iv. 9. In John V. 18, Christ calls God his oion Father (see Greek). He is called the own Son of the Father. — Rom. viii. 32. The use of these qualifying terms proves that Christ is called Son of God in a sense different from that in which any other is so called. Therefore it designates him as God and not as man, nor as the bearer of an office. 73. IFhat is the argument derived from John v. 22, and con- text, and from John x. 33-37 ? In the first passage the terms Father and Son are used to THE ETERNAL SONSIIIP OF CHRIST. 187 designate two divine and equal persons. As Son, Christ does whatsoever the Father doeth, and is to receive equal honor. In the second passage, Jesus assumes the title, \" Son of God,\" as equivalent to asserting that he was God. The Jews charging it upon him as blasphemy. 74. What is the evidence furnished hy such passages as speak of the manifestation, giving or sending of the Son ? See 1 John iii. 8; Kom. viii. 3; John iii. 16, etc. To say that the Son was sent or manifested implies that he was Son before he was sent or manifested as such. 75. State the argument from Kom. i. 3, 4. The argument from this passage is twofold: 1st. The Son of God is declared to have been made flesh, and therefore must have pre-existed as Son. 2d. By the resurrection he was pow- erfully manifested to be the Son of God as to his divine nature. The phrases, according to the flesh, and according to the spirit of holiness, are evidently anthithetical, designating severally the Lord's human and divine natures. 76. State the argument from Eom. viii. 3. Here God's own Son was sent in the likeness of sinful flesh. Obviously he must have pre-existed as such before he assumed the likeness of sinful flesh, the assumption of which certainly could not have constituted him the own Son of God. 77. State the argument from Col. i. 15-21. In this passage the apostle sets forth at length the nature and glory of him whom, in the thirteenth verse, he had called God's dear Son. Thus he proves that Christ as Son is the im- age of the invisible God, and that by him all things consist, etc. 78. State the argument from Heb. i. 5-8. Paul is here setting forth the superiority of Christ as a divine person. As divine he calls him \" the Son,\" \" the first begotten.\" This Son is brought into the world, and therefore niust have pre-existed as such. As Son he is declared to be God, and to reign upon an everlasting throne. 79. Hoiv can those passages which speak of the Son as inferior and subject to the Father he reconciled tcith this doctrine ? It is objected that such passages prove that Jesus, as Son, is inferior and subject to the Father. We answer that in John iii. 13 the \"Son of Man\" is said to have come down from heaven, and to be in heaven. But surely 188 THE HOLY TRINITY. Jesus, as Son of 3Ian, was not omnipresent. In Acts xx. 28 God is said to purchase his cliurch with his own blood; but surely Christ, as God, did not shed his blood. The explanation of this is that it is the common usage of Scripture to designate the single person of the God-man by a title belonging to him as the possessor of one nature, while the condition, attribute, relation, or action predicated of him is true only of the other nature. Thus in the pass'ages in question he is called \" Son of God,\" because he is the eternal Word, while at the same tinje he is said to be inferior to the FatliA*, because he is also man and mediator. (II.) The relation which the third Person sustains to the FIRST AND SECOND, OR THE ETERNAL PROCESSION OF THE HoLY GhOST. 80. What is the etymology of the icord Spirit, and the usage of its Hebreio and Greek equivalents? The English word spirit is from the Latin spiritus, hreath, ivind, air, life, soul, which in turn is from the verb spiro, to breathe. The equivalent Hebrew word, n^n. has a perfectly analogous usage. 1st. Its primary sense is wind, air in mo- tion. Gen. viii. 1; then, 2d, breath, the breath of life. Gen. vi. 17; Job xvii. 1; 3d, animal soul, vital principle in men and animals, 1 Sam. xxx. 12 ; 4th, rational soul of man. Gen. xli. 8, and hence, metaphorically, disposition, temperament, Num. v. 14; 5th, Spirit of Jehovah, Gen. i. 2; Ps. li. 11. — Gesenius' \"Lex.\" The equivalent Greek word, Ttrevjaa, has also the same usage. It is derived from Ttveao, to breathe, to hlou: It signifies, 1st, breath, Kev. xi. 11; 2d, air in motion, John iii. 8; 3d, the vital principle. Matt, xxvii. 50; 4th, the rational soul, spoken (1) of the disembodied spirits of men, Heb. xii. 23; (2) of devils, Matt. x. 1; (3) of angels, Heb. i. 14; (4) the Spirit of God, spoken of God, a, absolutely as an attribute of his essence, John iv. 24; and h as the personal designation of the third person of the Trinity, who is called Spirit of God, or of the Lord, and the Holy Spirit, and the Spirit of Christ, or of Jesus, or of the Son of God, Acts xvi. 6, 7; Eom. viii. 9; 2 Cor. iii. 17; Gal. iv. 6; Phil. i. 19; 1 Pet. i. 11.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "59", "sort_key": 59, "group": "Chapter IX", "question": "Why  is  the  third  person  of  the  Trinity  called  the  Spirit  ?", "answer": "As the one indivisible divine essence which is common to each of the divine persons alike is spiritual, this term, as the personal designation of the third person, can not be intended to signify the fact that he is a spirit as to his essence, but rather to mark what is peculiar to his person, i. e., his personal relation to the Father and the Son, and the peculiar mode of his opera- THE ETERNAL PROCESSION OF THE HOLY SPIRIT. 189 tion ad extra. As the reciprocal epitliets Father and Son are used to indicate, so far forth, the mutual relations of the first and second persons, so the epithets, Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Son, Spirit which proceedeth from the Father, are applied to the third person to indicate, so far forth, the relation of the third person to the first and second.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "60", "sort_key": 60, "group": "Chapter IX", "question": "Why  is  lie  called  Holy  Spirit  ?", "answer": "As holiness is an attribute of the divine essence, and the glory equally of Father, Son and Holy Ghost, it can not be applied in any pre-eminent sense as a personal characteristic to the tliird person. It indicates, therefore, the peculiar nature of his operation. He is called the Holy Spirit because he is the author of holiness throughout the universe. As the Son is also styled Logos, or God, the Revealer, so the Holy Spirit is God, the Operator, the end and glory of whose work in the moral world is holiness, as in the physical world beauty.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "61", "sort_key": 61, "group": "Chapter IX", "question": "Why  is  he  called  the  Spirit  of  God  ?", "answer": "This phrase expresses his divinity, his relation to the God- head as himself God, 1 Cor. ii. 11 ; his intimate personal relation to the Father as his consubstantial spirit proceeding from him, John XV. 26; and the fact that he is the divine Spirit, which proceeding from God operates upon the creature, Ps. civ. 30; 1 Pet. iv. 14.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "62", "sort_key": 62, "group": "Chapter IX", "question": "Why  is  the  third  person  called  the  Spirit  of  Christ  ?", "answer": "See Gal. iv. 6; Eom. viii. 9; Phil. i. 19; 1 Peter i. 11. As the form of expression is identical in the several phrases, Spirit of God, and Spirit of the Son, and as the Scriptures, witli one exception, John xv. 26, uniformly predicate every thing of the relation of the Spirit to the Son, that they predicate of the rela- tion of the Spirit to the Father, it appears evident that he is called Spirit of the Son for the same reason that he is called Spirit of God. Tliis phrase also additionally sets forth the official relation which the Spirit in his agency in the work of redemption sustains to the God-man, in taking of his, and showing them to us, John xvi. 14. 85. Whcd is meant hy the theological phrase, Procession of the Holy Ghost? Theologians intend by this phrase to designate the rela- tion which the third person sustains to the first and second, wherein by an eternal and necessary, i. e., not voluntary, act 190 THE HOLY TRINITY. of the Father and the Son, their whole identical divine essence, without alienation, division, or change, is communicated to the Holy Ghost- so. Wlxat distinciion do theologians make between ^''procession \" and \" generation ? \" As this entire subject infinitely transcends the measure of our faculties, we can do nothing further than classify and con- trast those predicates which inspiration has applied to the rela- tion of Father and Son with those which it has applied to the relation of the Spirit to the Father and Son. Thus Turretin, Vol. L, L. 3., Q. 31. They differ, \"1st. As to source, the Son emanates from the Father only, but the Spirit from the Father and the Son at the same time. 2d. As to mode. The Son emanates in the way of generation, which affects not only personality, but similitude, on account of which the Son is called the image of the Father, and in consequence of which he receives the property of communicating the same essence to another person; but the Spirit, by the way of spiration, which effects only personality, and in consequence of which the person who proceeds does not receive the property of communicating the same essence to another person. 3d. As to order. The Son is second person, and the Spirit third, and though both are eter- nal, without beginning or succession, yet, in our mode of con- ception, generation precedes procession.\" The technical terms used to express these two mysteries are FayyT/di?, generatio, generation. 'EmtopEvdii, emtEmpii, processio., missio, procession. \"The schoolmen vainly attempted to found a distinction between generation and spn-ation upon the different operations of the divine intellect and the divine will. They say the Son was generated per modum ijitellectus, whence he is called the Word of God. The Spirit proceeds ^er modum voluntatis, whence he is called Love.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "63", "sort_key": 63, "group": "Chapter IX", "question": "What'is  the  Scriptture  ground  for  this  doctrhie?", "answer": "What Ave remarked above (Question 53), concerning the common theological definition of the eternal generation of the Son, holds true also with reference to the common definition of the eternal procession of the Holy Ghost, viz., that in order to make the method of the divine unity in Trinity more appar- ent, theologians have pressed the idea of derivation and sub- ordination in the order of personal subsistence too far. This groinid is at once sacred and mysterious. The points given by Scripture are not to be pressed nor speculated upon, but received and confessed nakedly. The data of inspiration are simply as follows: Ist. Father, THE ETERNAL PROCESSION OF THE HOLY GHOST. 191 Son, and Hol}^ Ghost, three divine persons, possess from eter- nity the one whole identical, indivisible, nnchangeable essence. 2d. The Father from his characteristic personal name, and the order in which his name uniformly occurs in Scripture, and from the fact that the Son is called his and his only begotten, and that the Spirit is called his, the one proceeding from him, and from the order of his manifestation and operation ad extra, is evidently in some icay first in order of personal subsistence relatively to the Son and Spirit. 3d. For the same reason (see below. Question 89) the Son, in the order of personal subsist- ence, is before the Spirit. 4th. What the real natvu'e of these distinctions in the order of personal subsistence may be is made known to us only so far — (1.) That it involves no distinction as to time, since all are alike eternal. (2.) It does not depend upon any voluntary action, for that would make the second person dependent upon the first, and the third upon the first and second, while tiiey are all \"equal in power and glory.\" (3.) It is such a relation that the second person is eternally only begotten Son of the first, and the third is eternally the Spirit of the first and second. 88. What ivas the difference betiveen the Greek and Latin churches on this doctrine ? The famous Council of Nice, a. d. 325, while so accurately defining the doctrine of the Godhead of the Son, left the testi- mony concerning the Holy Ghost in the vague form in which it stood in the ancient creed, \"in the Holy Ghost.\" But the heresy of JMacedonius, M^ho denied the divinity of the Holy Ghost, having sprung up in the meantime, the Council of Con- stantinople, A. D. 381, completed the testimony of the Nicene Creed thus, \"I believe in the Holy Ghost, the Lord, the Author of Life, who proceedeth from the Father.\" Tliere subsequently arose a controversy upon the question, whether the Scriptures do or do not represent the Holy Spirit as sustaining precisely the same relation to the Son that he does to the Father. This the Latins generally affirmed, and at the third ecclesiastical assembly at Toledo, a, d. 589, they added the word filioque (and the Son) to the Latin version of the Constantinopolitan Creed, making the clause read \" Credimus in Spiritum Sanctum qui a Patre Filioque procedit.\" The Greek Church violently opposed this, and to this day reject it. For a short time they were satisfied Avith the compromise, \"The Spirit proceeding from the Father through the Son,\" which was finally rejected by both parties. The Constantinopolitan Creed, as amended at the Council of Toledo, is the one now adopted 192 THE HOLY TRINITY. by the Catholic Church, and recognized by all Protestants, currently bearing the title of \"Nicene Creed.\" 89. How may it he proved that., as far as revealed, the Spirit sustains precisely the same relation to the Son which Jie does to the Father? The epithet \" Spirit \" is the characteristic personal designa- tion of the third Person. Whatever is revealed of his eternal and necessary personal relation to either the Father or the Son is indicated by this word. Yet he is called the Spirit of the Son, as well as the Spirit of the Father. He possesses the same identical essence of the Son as of the Father. The Son sends and operates through the Spirit as the Father does. Wherever their Spirit is there both Father and Son are revealed, and there they exercise their power. — John xiv. 16, 26; xv. 26; xvi. 7. With the single exception of the phrase, \" which pro- ceedeth from the Father\" (John xv. 26), the Scriptures apply precisely the same predicates to the relation of the Spirit to the Son that they do to his relation to the Father. 90. What office does the S2yirit discharge in the economy of redemption ? In the economy of redemption, as imiversally in all the act- ings of the Godhead upon the creature, God the Son is the revealed God, God as known, and God the Spirit is that divine person who exerts his energy immediately upon and in the creature. He is styled in this relation in tlie creed to Kvpiov, xdi TO ZoooTCoiov. The Lord, and the Giver of life. For a more detailed answer see Chapter XXIV., on \"The Mediatorial Office of Christ,\" Question 9. (III.) The Personal Properties peculiar to each of the Three Persons of the Godhead, and their Order of Operation ad extra. 91. What is the theological meaning of the word property «.s applied to the doctrine of the Trinity ? and what are severally the personal properties of each Person of the Godhead. The attrihutes of God are the perfections of the divine es- sence, and therefore common to each of the three persons, who are \" the same in substance,\" and therefore \" equal in power and glory.\" These have been discussed under Chapter VIII. The properties of each divine person, on the other hand, are those peculiar modes of personal subsistence whereby each divine person is constituted as such, and that peculiar order of o})eration whereby each person is distinguished from the others. The peculiar distinguishing properties which belong THE CITA RATER HYPOSTATICUS. 193 to eacli Person severally is called technically his clmrater hy- posMicus — personal character. As far as these are revealed to ns the personal properties of the Father are as follows: He is \"begotten by none, and pro- ceeds from none; he is the Father of the Son, having begotten him from eternity; the Spirit proceeds from him and is his Spirit. Thus he is the first in order and in operation, sending and operating through the Son and Spirit. The personal properties of the Son are as follows: He is the Son, from eternity the only begotten of the Father. The Spirit is the Spirit of the Son even as he is the Spirit of the Father, he is sent by the Father, whom he reveals: he, even as the Father, sends and operates through the Spirit. The personal properties of the Spirit are as follows: He is the Spirit of the Father and the Son, from eternity proceeding from them: he is sent by the Father and the Son, they operat- ing through him; he operates immediately upon the creature. 92. What kind of suhordination did the early un-iters attrihute to the second and third persons in relation to the first ? They held, as above shown, that the eternal generation of the Son by the Father, aiid the eternal procession of the Holy Ghost from the Father and the Son involved in both instances the derivation of essence. They illustrated their idea of this eternal and necessary act of communication by the example of a luminous body, which necessarily radiates light the whole period of its existence. Thus the Son is deiined in the words of the Nicene Creed, \"God of God, Light of Light.\" Thus as the radiance of the sun is coeval with its existence, and of the same essence as its source, by this illustration they designed to signify their belief in the identity and consequent equality of the divine persons as to essence, and the relative subordina- tion of the second to the first, and of the third to the first and second, as to personal subsistence and consequent order of operation. 93. What is expressed by the use of the terms first, second, and third in reference to the persons of the Trinity. These terras are severally applied to the persons of the Trinity because — 1st. The Scriptures uniformly state their names in this order. 2d. The personal designations. Father and Son, and Spirit of the Father and of the Son, indicate this order of personal subsistence, od. Their respective modes of operation ad extra is always in this order. The Father sends and oper- ates through the Son, and the Father and Son send and operate 13 194 THE HOLY TRINITY. through the Spirit. The Scriptures never either directly or indirectly indicate the reverse order. As to the outward bearing of the Godhead upon the crea- ture it would appear, that the Father is revealed onl_y as he is seen in the Son, who is the eternal Logos, or divine Word, the express image of the Father's person. \"No man hath seen God at any time, the only begotten Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him.\" — John i. 18. And the Father and Son act immediately upon the creature only through the Spirit. \"The Father is all the fulness of the Godhead invisible, without form, whom no man hath seen or can see.\" \"The Son is all the fulness of the Godhead manifested.\" \"The Spirit is all the fulness of the Godhead acting im- mediately upon the creature, and thus making manifest the Father in the image of the Son, and through the power of the Spirit.\" — \"Higher Christian Life,\" by Rev. W. E. Boardman, p. 105. 94. How can the assumption of personal distinctions in the God- head he reconciled uith the divine unity ? Although this tripersonal constitution of the Godhead is altogether beyond the capacity of reason, and is ascertained to us only through a supernatural revelation, there is evidently no contradiction in the twofold proposition, that God is one, and yet Father, Son, and Holy Ghost are that one God. They are one in one sense, and threefold in an entirely different sense. The eternal, self-existent, divine essence, constituting all those divine perfections called attributes of God is, in the same sense and degree, common to all the persons. In this sense they are one. But this divine essence exists eternally as Father, and as Son, and as Holy Ghost, distinguished by personal properties. Li this sense tliey are three. We believe this, not because we understand it, but because thus God has revealed himself 95. How can the separate incarnation of the So7i he reconciled with the divine unity ? The Son is identical with the Father and Spirit as to essence, but distinct from them as to personal subsistence. In the incar- nation, the divine essence of the Son was not made man, but as a divine person he entered into a personal relation with the human nature of the man Christ Jesus. This did not consti- tute a new person, but merely introduced a new element into his eternal person. It was the personal union of the Son with HERETICAL OPLYIONS. 195 a human soul and bod}-, and not any change either in the divine essence, or in the personal relation of the Son to the Father or the Spirit. Heretical Opinions. 96. What are the three great points lohich together embrace the mystery of the Trinity as revealed in Scripture, and the apparent irreconcilability of tchich, uith each other, occasions the great objec- tion to this doctrine in the minds of heretics of cdl classes ? The three great points are as follows. Ist. There is abso- lutely but one God, but one self-existent, eternal, immutable, spiritual substance. 2d. Father, Son, and Holy Ghost are each ecLually this one God — are each in common constituted of the whole of this inalienable indivisible essence, having the same identical numerical essence, and the same identical attributes. od. Nevertheless Father, Son, and Holy Ghost are three distinct persons, distinguished each by his several personal properties. The difficulty is, that in the case of the only created spirits of which we know any thing, every person is a separate spiritual essence, and distinct personality is definitely discriminated by numerical difference of attribute. We can not conceive how three persons can have among them but one intelligence and one will. Hence all heresies on this subject have sprung from one or other of three distinct tendencies, or efforts to disembarrass this doctrine of its apparent inconsistencies by the denial or abatement of one or other of its three constituent elements. Thus — 1st. One tendency is to cut the knot of the difficulty by denying the divinity of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the person- ality of the Holy Ghost. This makes God the Father the onlj^ divine Person and the possessor of the only divine substance. 2d. A second heretical tendency is to deny the divine unity and to maintain the co-existence of three distinct Gods, distinct in essence as well as in person. 3d. The third heretical ten- dency is to press the divine unity so far as to make Father, Son, and Holy Ghost one and the same identical Person as well as the same divine essence, admitting them only to be differ- ent names, or different aspects or functions of the one divine Person. 97. What different opinions have been held by those who deny the divinity of Christ, and either the divinity or p)ersoncdity of the Holy Ghost? 1st. That of the Humanitarians, or those who maintain that Christ is a mere Man. These in the early Church were known 196 THE HOLY TRINITY. b}^ the name of Ebionites, and Alogi — the deniers of the Logos, wliile in the IModern Church they are known as Socinians. For a statement of the History and Doctrine of the Socinians, see above, Chapter VI., Ques. 11 and 13. Those who have held that Christ is a mere man have diifered among themselves as to whether he was miraculously conceived in the womb of the Virgin or not, and as to the question of his supernatural en- dowments as a prophet, and as to the degree of honor and obedience owed from us to him. Some admit that he possessed a supernatural divine commission and qualification beyond that vouchsafed to any other prophet. Others deny the supernat- ural element altogether, and regard him as a mere man natu- rally endowed with a very superior moral and religious genius. All of this class, of course, hold that God is one Person as well as one essence, and for tlie most part they regard the term Holy Ghost as only a designation of the divine energy exer- cised in human affairs. Some of the German Rationalists, who for the most part agree with the Socinians, hold that the phrase Holy Ghost properly designates the one divine person working in the world of nature — Creation and Providence. Others hold it designates God in the church. 2d. The Gnostics, as a general class, held that the supreme God is one alike in essence and in Person, and that from him emanates different orders of spiritual beings, none of them in any proper sense God, yet all divine, since they all proceeded by way of emanation from him. These are called ^Eons. The Old Testament Jehovah, or Creator, was one of these JKons, of which class Christ was one of the greatest. The entire sura of these ^Eons constituted, in the view of the Gnostics, the Tiav TO nX7jpoo/.ta rtjs 0EuT7/rui, the entire sum of all the actual or possible self-revelations, or self-communications, of the un- approachable Godhead, which the Apostle Paul declared to be alone and fully realized in Christ. — Col. ii. 9. 3d. The earlier Nominal Trinitarians. \" In tlieir construc- tion of the doctrine of the trinity, the Son is not a subsistence (^vTtooradis) in the Essence, but only an effluence {Sui'ajiui) or en- ergy issuing from it, iience they could not logically assert tlie union of the divine nature, or the very substance of the God- head with the humanity of Jesus. A merely effluent energy proceeding from the deity, and entering the humanity of Christ, would be nothing more than an indwelling inspiration kindred to that of the prophets.\" — Shedd's \"Hist. Christ. Doc,\" Book III., Ch. 5, § 1. 4th. The Avians, so called from Arius, a presbyter of Alex- andria during the first part' of the fourth century, the great opponent of Athanasius. He maintained that the Godhead HERETICAL OPINIONS. 197 consists of one eternal person, who in the beginning, before all worlds, created in his own image a super-angelic being (^£Tepoov(3Lov — of a different essence), his only begotten Son, the beginning of the creation of God, by whom also he made the worlds. The first and greatest creature thus created, through the Son of God, was the Holy Ghost. In the full- ness of time this Sou became incarnate in the person of Jesus of Nazareth. 4th. The doctrine of the Semiarians. This party was so called as occupying middle ground between the Arians and the Orthodox. They held that the absolute, self-existent God was one person, but that the Son was a divine person of a glorious essence, like to (^ojnoiovdiuv'^ but not identical with (^djiioovdiov) that of the Father, and from eternity begotten by the Father by a free exercise of will and power, and therefore subordinate to and dependent upon him. This was the view first disseminated by Origen, and advocated with great power at the council of Nice by Eusebius bishop of Ceesarea, and Eusebius bishop of Nicomedia. It appears that some of the Semiarians agreed with the Arians in regarding the Holy Spirit as the first and most glo- rious creature of the Son, but that the majority regarded the words \"Holy Spirit,\" as significant of a divine energy, or as a synonym of the word God. — See Neander's \"Ch. Hist.,\" Tor- rey's translation. Vol. II., pp. 419, 420. 98. WJiat was tJie position of those luho sought to relieve the dif- ficulty of the doctrine by denying tJie divine unity ? These were the Tritheists, who admitted that there were three 6v6iai numerically considered, as well as three vTcodradEi? in the Godhead. They held the idea of 6v6ia (essence) by which the essence was expressed, should be understood as the mere concept of a genus, and the I'Ttodradii as an individual (a species) falling under this generic conception. \"That is there are three Gods, generically one, individually distinct.\" John Ascusnages of Constantinople, and John Philoponus of Alexandria (of the latter part of sixth centurj^) were leaders of the Tritheists. — Smith's edition of Hagenbach's \"Hist, of Doc,\" Vol. I., pp. 267, 268. 99. What was the position of those luho pressed the divine unity in opposition to the Tritheists so far as to make Father, Son, and Holy Ghost one Person as icell as one essence? The Monarchians, so called because they rejected the Triad and maintained the ]\\Ionad, or absolute unity as to person as well as to essence in the Godhead, were of several kinds ; 198 THE HOLY TRINITY. some, as the Alogi, were very nuich the same as the modern Unitarian, which term is intended to express the same idea. Others, as Praxeas of Asia Minor, circum. a. d. 200; Noetus of Smyrna, circmn. a. d. 230, and Beryl of Bostra in Arabia, cir- cum. A. D. 250, held that this one single divine Person became incarnate in the man Christ, and hence they were called Patri- passians. \"Sabellius, a presbyter of Ptolemais, who lived about the middle of the third century, adopted the notions of the ear- lier ]\\Ionarchians, and maintained in opposition to the doctrine propounded by Origen and his followers, that the appellations Father, Son, and Holy Spirit were only so many different man- ifestations and names of one and the same divine being. He thus converted the objective and real distinction of persons (a Trinity of essence) into a merely subjective and modalistic view (the Trinity of manifestation).\" — Smith's edition of Ha- genbach's \"Hist, of Doctrine,\" Vol. I., p. 246. \"They affirmed that there is only one divine Person. This one only Person conceived of in his abstract simplicity and eternity was de- nominated God the Father; but in his incarnation, he was denominated God the Son. Sometimes a somewhat different mode of apprehension and statement was employed. God in his concealed, unrevealed nature and being was denominated God the Father, and when he comes forth from the depths of his essence, creating a universe, and revealing and communi- cating himself to it, he therein takes on a different relation, and assumes another denomination; namely, God the Son, or the Logos.\" — Shedd's \"History of Christian Doctrine,\" Book in., Ch. 2, § 2. 100. By what considerations may it he shown that the doctrine of the Trinity is a fundamental element of the Gospel? It is not claimed that the refinements of theological spec- ulations upon this subject are essential points of faith, but simply that it is essential to salvation to believe in the three persons in one Godhead, as they are revealed to us in the Scriptures. 1st. The only true God is that God who has re- vealed himself to us in the Scriptures, and the very end of the gospel is to bring us to the knowledge of that God precisely in the aspect in which he has revealed himself. Fvery other conception of God presents a false god to the mind and con- science. There can be no mutual toleration without treason. Socinians, Arians, and Trinitarians Avorship different Gods. 2d. The Scriptures explicitly assert that the knowledge of this true God and of Jesus Christ whom he hath sent is eternal life, and that it is necessar}^ to honor the Son even as we honor the Father. — John v. 23 ; xiv. 1 ; xvii. 3 ; 1 John ii. 23 ; v. 20. THE DOCTRINE ESSENTIAL. 199 3d. In the initiatory rite of the Christian church we are baptized into the name of every several person of the Trinity. Matt, xxviii. 19. 4th. The whole plan of redemption in all its parts is founded upon it. Justification, sanctification, adoption, and all else that makes the gospel the wisdom and power of God unto salvation, can be understood only in the light of this fundamental truth. 5th. As an historical fact it is beyond dispute that in what- ever church the doctrine of the Trinity has been abandoned or obscured, every other characteristic doctrine of the gospel has gone with it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "64", "sort_key": 64, "group": "Chapter X", "question": "What  are  the  decrees  of  God  ?", "answer": "See \" Con. of Faith,\" chap. iii. \" Larger Cat.,\" Q. 12, and \" Shorter Cat.,\" Q. 7. The decree of God is his eternal, unchangeable, holy, wise, and sovereign purpose, comprehending at once all things that ever were or will be in their causes, conditions, successions, and relations, and determining their certain futurition. The several contents of this one eternal purpose are, because of the limitation of our faculties, necessarily conceived of by us in partial aspects, and in logical relations, and are therefore styled Decrees. 2. How are the acts of God classified, and to tuhich class do theologians refer the decrees ? All conceivable divine actions may be classified as follows: 1st. Those actions which are immanent and intrinsic, belong- ing essentially to the perfection of the divine nature, and which bear no reference whatever to any existence witliout the God- head. These are the acts of eternal and necessary generation, whereby the Son springs from the Father, and of eternal and necessary procession, whereby the Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son, and all those actions whatsoever involved in the mutual society of the divine persons. 2d. Those actions which are extrinsic and transient, i. e., those free actions proceeding from God and terminating upon the creature, occurring successively in time, as God's acts in crea- tion, providence, and grace. 3d. The third class are like the first, inasmuch as they are intrinsic and immanent, essential to the perfection of the divine natm'e and permanent states of the divine mind, but they differ, on the other hand, from the first class, inasmuch as they have respect to the whole dependent creation exterior to the God- head. These are the eternal and immutable decrees of God re- Bpecting all beings and events whatsoever exterior to himself THE DIFFICULTIES OF THE SUBJECT. 201 3. Wliat is the essential nature and source of the difficulties which oppress the human reason ivhen speculating on this subject? These difficulties all have their ground in the perfectly in- ■Bcrutable relations of the eternal to the temporal, of the infi- nite to the finite, of God's absolute sovereignty to man's free agency, and of the unquestionable fact of the origination of sin to the holiness, goodness, wisdom, and power of God. They are peculiar to no system of theology, but press equally upon any s^'stem which acknowledges the existence and moral gov- ernment of God, and the moral agency of 7nan. They have perplexed heathen philosophers of old, and deists in modern times, and Socinians, Pelagians, and Arminians just as sorely as Calvinists. 4. From what fixed point of view are we to start in the study of this subject ? A self-existent, independent, all-perfect, and unchangeable God, existing alone from eternity, began to create the universe physical and moral in an absolute vacuum, moved to do so from motives and with reference to ends, and according to ideas and plans, Avholely interior and self-prompted. Also, if God governs the universe, he must, as an intelligent being, govern it according to a plan ; and this plan must be perfect in its comprehension, reaching to all details. If he has a plan now, he must have had the same plan unchanged from the be- ginning. The decree of God therefore is the act of an infinite, absolute, eternal, unchangeable, and sovereign person, com- prehending a plan including all his works of all kinds, great and small, from the beginning of creation to an unending eter- nity. It must therefore be incomprehensible, and it can not be conditioned by any thing exterior to God himself — since it was matured before any thing exterior to him existed, and hence it- self embraces and determines all these supposed exterior things and all the conditions of them forever. 5. What is the distinction between forehioidedrie and foreordi- nation, and what is tJie general position of the Socinians on this point ? Foreknowledge is an act of the infinite intelligence of God, knowing from all eternity, without change, the certain futuri- tion of all events of every class whatsoever that ever will come to pass. Foreordination is an act of the infinitely intelligent, fore- knowing, righteous, and benevolent will of God from all eter- nity determining the certain futurition of all events of every class 202 THE DECREES OF GOD IN GENERAL. whatsoever that come to pass. Foreknowledge recognizes the certain futurition of events, while foreordination makes them certainly future. Socinians admit that the foreknowledge and the foreordi- nation of God are co-extensive, but they limit both to such ev^ents in creation and providence as God has determined to do by his own immediate agency, or to bring about through the agency of such second causes as act under the law of necessity. They deny that God has either foreordained or foreknown the voluntary actions of free agents, which from their verj^ nature are contingent, and not objects of knowledge until alter their occurrence.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "65", "sort_key": 65, "group": "Chapter X", "question": "What  is  the  position  of  the  Arminians  on  tlm  subject  ?", "answer": "The Arminiaus agree with the Socinians in denying that God foreordains the voluntary acts of free agents, or in any way whatever determines them beforehand to be certainly future. But they difier from the Socinians and agree with us in holding that the certain foreknowledge of God extends equally to all events, as well to those in their nature con- tingent, as to those produced by second causes acting under the law of necessity. They hold that he foresees with absolute certainty from all eternity the futurition of the free actions of moral agents, and that he embraces and adjusts them in his eternal plan — which plan embraces all things, the free actions of moral agents as simply foreseen, and the actions of neces- sary agents as absolutely foreordained. 7. State under several heads the Calvinistic doctrine on this subject. 1st. God foreknows all events as certainly future because he has decreed them and thus made them certainly future. 2d. God's decree relates equally to all future events of every kind, to the free actions of moral agents, as Avell as to action of necessary agents, to sinful as well as morally right actions. 3d. Some things God has eternally decreed to do himself im- mediately, e. r/., creation; other things to bring to pass through the action of second causes acting under a law of necessity, and again other things he has decreed to prompt or to permit free agents to do in the exercise of their free agency; yet the one class of events is rendered by the decree as certainly future as the other. 4th. God has decreed ends as well as means, causes as well as effects, conditions and instrumentalities as well as the events which depend upon tliem. 5th. God's decree determines only the certain futurition of STATEMENT OF DOCTRINE. 203 events, it directly effects or causes no event. But the decree itself provides in every case that the event shall be effected by causes acting in a manner perfectly consistent with the nature of the event in question. Thus in the case of every free act of a moral agent the decree itself provides at the same time — (a.) That the agent shall be a free agent. (6.) That his antecedents and all the antecedents of the act in question shall be what they are. (c.) That all the present condifions of the act shall be what they are. (cl ) That the act shall be perfectly spontaneous and free on the part of the agent, (e.) That it shall be certainly future. 6th. God's purposes relating to all events of every kind constitute one single, all-comprehensive intention comprehend- ing all events, the free as free, the necessary as necessary, together with all their causes, conditions, and relations, as one indiv'isible system of things, every link of which is essential to the integrity of the whole. 8. Show that as respects the eternal plan of an omniscient and omnipotent Creator, foreknowledge is eqidvalent to foreordination. God possessing infinite foreknoAvledge and power, existed alone from eternity ; and in time, self-prompted, began to create in an absolute vacuum. Whatever limiting causes or condi- tions afterwards exist were first intentionally brought into being by himself, with perfect foreknowledge of their nature, relations, and results. If God then foreseeing that if he cre- ated a certain free agent and placed him in certain relations he would freely act in a certain way, and yet with that knowledge proceeded to create that very free agent and put him in precisely those positions, God would, in so doing, obviously predetermine the certain futurition of tlie act foreseen. God can never in his w^ork be rediiced to a choice of evils, because the entire system, and each particular end and cause, and condition, was clearly foreseen and by deliberate choice admitted by himself 9. What reasons may he assigned for contemplating the decrees of God as one all-comprehensive intention ? 1st. Because as shown below it is an eternal act, and ceternitas est nna, individua et tota simid. 2d. Because every event that actually occurs in the system of things is interlaced with all other events in endless involu- tion. ISFo event is isolated. The color of the flower and the nest of the bird are related to the whole material universe. Even in our ignorance we can trace a chemical fact as related to myriad other facts, classified under the heads of mechanics, electricity, and light and life. 204 THE DECREES OF GOD IN GENERAL. 3d. God decrees events as they actually occur, L e., events produced by causes, and depending upon conditions. The decree that determines the event can not leave out the cause or the condition upon which it depends. But the cause of one event, is the effect of another, and every event in the universe is more immediately or remotely the condition of every other, so that an eternal purpose on the part of God must be one all- comprehensive act. As our minds are finite, as it is impossible for us to embrace in one act of intelligent comprehension an infinite number of events in all their several relations and bearings, we necessarily contemplate events in partial groups, and we conceive of the purpose of God relating to them as distinct successive acts. Hence the Scriptures speak of the counsels, the purposes, and the judgments of God in the plural, and in order to indicate the intended relation of one event to another, they represent God as purposing one event, as the means or condition upon which another is suspended. This is all true because these events do have these relations to one another, but they all alike fall witliin, and none remain without, that one eternal design of God which comprehends equally all causes and all effects, all events and all conditions. All the speculative errors of men on this subject, spring from the tendency of the human mind to confine attention to one fragment of God's eternal purpose, and to regard it as isolated from the rest. The Decree of God separates no event from its causes or conditions any more than we find them separated in nature. We are as much unable to take in by one comj^rehen- sive act of intelligence all the works of God in nature as we are to take in all his decrees. We are forced to study his works part by part. But no intelligent student of nature thinks that any event is isolated. So we are forced to study his decrees part by part, but no intelligent theologian should suppose that there are any broken links or imperfect connection eitlier here or there.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "66", "sort_key": 66, "group": "Chapter X", "question": "Hoiu  may  it  he  proved  that  the  decrees  of  God  are  eteomal  ?", "answer": "1st. As God is infinite, he is necessarily eternal and un- changeable, from eternity infinite in wisdom and knowledge, and absolutely independent in thought and pin-pose of every creature. There can never be any addition to his wisdom, nor surprise to his foreknowledge, nor resistance to his power, and therefore there never can be any occasion to reverse or modify that infinitely wise and righteous purpose which, from the per- fection of his nature, he formed from eternity. 2d. It is asserted in Scripture. — (aTr' di^voi) Acts xv. 18; PROOF OF DOCTRINE. 205 {jtfto uaraftoXrji h66/.(ov) Epli. i. 4; 1 Pet. i. 20; (aV dpx^ji) 2 Thes. ii. 13; ijrpo xpoToov diGoviGov^ 2 Tim. i. 9; (tt/sJ tgjv dtoovooi^^ 1 Cor. ii. 7; Eph. iii. 11, etc. 11. Prove that the decrees are immutable. 1st. This is certain from the fact that they are eternal, as just shown. 2d. From the fact that God is eternal, absolute, immutable, and all-perfect in wisdom and power. 3d. It is taught in Scripture. — Ps. xxxiii. 11; Is. xlvi. 9, etc. 12. Prove from reason that the decrees of God comprehend all events. As shown above no event is isolated. If one event is decreed absolutely all events must therefore be determined with it. If one event is left indeterminate all future events will be left in greater or less degrees indeterminate with it, 13. Prove the same from Scripture. 1st. They afHrm that the whole system in general is em- braced in the divine decrees. — Eph. i. 11; Acts xvii. 26; Dan. iv. 34, 35. 2d. They affirm the same of fortuitous events. — Prov. xvi. 33; Matt. X. 29, 30. 3d. Of the free actions of men. — Eph. ii. 10, 11; Phil. ii. 13. 4th. Even of the wicked actions of men. \" Him, being de- livered by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God, ye have taken and with wicked hands have crucified and slain.\" — Acts ii. 23. \" For of a truth against thy Holy Child whom thou hast anointed, both Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles and the people of Israel were gathered together, for to do whatsoever thy hand and thy counsel determined before- hand to be done.\" — Acts iv. 27, 28; Acts xiii. 29; 1 Peter ii. 8; Jude 4; Rev. xvii. 17. As to the history of Joseph, compare Gen. xxxvii. 28 with Gen. xlv. 7, 8, and 1. 20 : \" So now it was not you that sent me hither but God.\" \" But as for you, ye thought evil against me, but God meant it unto good.\" — See also Ps. xvii. 13, 14, and Is. x. 5 and 15, etc. 14. Prove the universality of God's decrees from lorovidence. It follows from the eternity, immutability, and infinite wis- dom, foreknowledge, and power of God, that his temporal work- ing in providence must in all things proceed according to his eternal piu'pose. — Eph. i. 11, and Acts xv. 18. But both Script- ure and reason alike teach us that the providential government of God comprehends all things in heaven and on earth as a 206 THE DECREES OF GOD IN GENERAL. ivliole.1 and every event in detail. — Prov. xvi. 33 ; Dan. iv. 34, 35 ; :\\ratt. X. 29, 30. 15. Prove this doctrine from prophecy. God has in the Scriptures foretold the certain occnrrence of many events, including; the free actions of men, which have afterwards surely come to pass. Now the ground of prophecy is foreknowledge, and the foundation of the foreknowledge of an event as certainly future, is God's decree that made it future. The eternal immutability of the decree is the only foundation of the infallibility either of the foreknowledge or of the prophecy. But if God has decreed certain future events, he must also have included in that decree all of their causes, conditions, co-ordi- nates, and consequences. No event is isolated; to make one certainly future implies the determination of the whole conca- tenation of causes and effects which constitute the universe.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "67", "sort_key": 67, "group": "Chapter X", "question": "In  ivhat  sense  are  tJie  decrees  of  God  free?", "answer": "The decrees of God are free in the sense that in decreeing he was solely actuated by his own infinitely wise, righteous, and benevolent good pleasure. He has always chosen as he pleased, and he has always pleased consistently with the per- fection of his nature.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "68", "sort_key": 68, "group": "Chapter X", "question": "In  ivhat  sense  are  the  decrees  of  God  sovereign?", "answer": "They are sovereign in the sense that while they determine absolutely Avhatever occurs without God, their whole reason and motive is within the divine nature, and they are neither suggested nor occasioned by, nor conditioned upon any thing Avhatsoever without him. 18. What is the distinction hetiveen absolute and conditional decrees ? An absolute decree is one which, while it may include con- ditions, is suspended upon no condition, i. e.. it makes the event decreed, of whatever kind, whether of mechanical necessity or of voluntary agency, certainly future, together Avith all the causes and conditions, of whatever nature, upon Avhich the event depends. A conditional decree is one which decrees that an event shall happen upon the condition that some other event, possi- ble but uncertain (not decreed), shall actually occur. The Socinians denied that the free actions of men, being intrinsically uncertain, are the objects of knowledge, and there- foi*e affirmed that they are not foreknown by God. They held that God decreed absolutely to create the human race, and NO COAWITIONAL DECREES. 207 after Adam sinned he decreed absolutely to save all repenting and believing sinners, yet that he decreed nothing concerning the sinning nor the salvation of individual men. I'he Arniinians, admitting that God certainl}' foreknows the acts of free agents as well as all other events, maintain that he absolutely decreed to create man, and foreseeing that man would sin he absolutely decreed to provide a salvation for all, and actually to save all that repent and believe, but that he conditionally decreed to save individual men on the condition, foreseen but not foreordained, of their faith and obedience. 19. What are the objections to attributing conditional decrees to God? Calvinists admit that the all-comprehensive decree of God determines all events according to their inherent nature, the actions of free agents as free, and the operation of necessary causes, necessarily. It also comprehends the whole system of causes and effects of every kind ; of the motives and conditions of free actions, as well as the necessary causes of necessary events. God decreed salvation upon the condition of faith, yet in the very same act he decreed the faith of those persons whose salvation he has determined. \"Whom he Aidi j'iredesti- nate, them he also called.'^ Thus his decree from the beginning embraced and provided for the free agency of man, as well as the regular procedures of nature, according to established laws. Thus also his covenants, or conditional promises, which he makes in time, are in all their parts the execution of his eter- nal purpose, which comprehended the promise, and the con- dition in their several places as means to the end. But that the decree of God can be regarded as suspended upon condi- tions which are not themselves determined by the decree is evidentl}^ impossible. 1st. This decree has been shown above (Questions 3-7) to be eternal and all-comprehensive. A condition implies liability to change. The whole universe forming one system, if one part is contingent the whole must be contingent, for if one condi- tion failed the whole concatenation of causes and effects would be deranged. If the Arminian should rejoin that although God did not foreordain the free acts of men, yet he infallibly fore- knew and provided for them, and therefore his plans can not fail; then the Calvinist replies that if God foresaw that a given man, in given circumstances, would act at a given juncture in a certain way, then God in decreeing to create that very man and place him in those very circumstances, at that very junc- tiire, did foreordain the certain futurition of that very event, and of all its consequences. That God's decree is immutable and 208 THE DECREES OF GOD IN GENERAL. does not depend upon uncertain conditions, is proved (1) from its eternity, (2) from the direct assertions of Scripture. — Isa. xiv. 24, 27; xlvi. 10; Ps. xxxiii. 11; Prov. xix. 21; Rom. ix. 11; Eph. iii. 11. 2d. Tlie foreknowledge of God, as Arminians admit, is eter- nal and certain, and embraces all events, free as well as neces- sary. But, (1) as shown in the preceding paragraph, this foreknowledge involves foreordination, and (2) certainty in the foreknowledge implies certainty in the event; certainty implies determination; determination leaves us to choose be- tween the decree of an infinitely wise, righteous, and benevo- lent God, and a blind fate. 3d. A conditional decree would subvert the sovereignty of God and make him, as to the administration of his whole gov- ernment and the execution of all his plans, dependent upon the uncontrollable actions of his own creatures. But the decrees of God are sovereign. — Isa. xl. 13, 14; Dan. iv. 35; Rom. ix. 15-18. 4th. His decree is declared to depend upon his own \" good pleasure,\" and the \"counsel of his own will.\" — Eph. i. 5, 11; Rom. ix. 11; Matt. xi. 25, 26. 5th. The decree of God includes the means and conditions. 2 Thess. ii. 13; 1 Pet. i. 2; Eph. i. 4. 6th. His decree absolutely determines the free actions of men. — Acts iv. 27, 28 ; Eph. ii. 10. 7th. God himself works in his people that faith and obedi- ence which are called the conditions of their salvation. — Phil, ii. 13; Eph. ii. 8; 2 Tim. ii. 25. 20. How far are tM decrees of God efficacious and how far 2')ermissive ? All the decrees of God are equally efficacious in the sense that they all infallibly determine the certain futurition of the event decreed. Theologians, however, classify the decrees of God thus: 1st. As efficacious in as far as they respect those events which he has determined to effect through necessary causes, or in his own immediate agency. 2d. As permissive, as far as they respect those events which he has determined to allow dependent free agents to effect. 21. Hoio may it be 2)roved that the decree of God renders the event certain ? 1st. From the nature of the decree itself as sovereign and unchangeable (see above). 2d. From the essential nature of God in his relation to his creation, as an iiihnitely wise and powerful sovereign. 3d. The foreknowledge of God regards future events as cer- DIFFERS FROM DOCTRINE OF FATE. 209 tain. Tlie ground of this certainty must be either in God, or in the events themselves, Avhich last is fatalism. 4th. The Scriptures ascribe a certainty of futurition to the events decreed. There is a needs-be that the event should happen \"as it was determined.\" — Luke xviii. 31-33; xxiv. 46; Acts ii. 23; xiii. 29; 1 Cor. xi. 19; Matt. xvi. 21. 22. Hoio does this doctrine, that Gods universal decree renders the occurrence of all future events certain, differ from the ancient doctrine of faith ? The Calvinistic doctrine of Decrees agrees with Fatalism only at one point, i. e., in maintaining that the events in ques- tion are certainly future. But the Arminian doctrine of divine foreknowledge does precisely the same thing. In every other point our doctrine differs from the heathen doctrine of Fate. Fatalism supposes all events to be certainly determined by a universal law of necessary causation, acting blindly and by a simple unintelligent force effecting its end irresistil)ly and irre- spective of the free wills of the free agents involved. There Avas no room left for final ends or purposes, no place for motive or choice, no means or conditions, but a simple evolution of necessity. On the other hand the Calvinistic doctrine of Decrees postu- lates the infinite all-comprehensive plan of an infinitely wise, righteous, poAverful, and benevolent Father, Avhose plan is de- termined not by mere will, but according to the '\"'' counsel of his will,'' securing the best ends, and adopting the best means in order to attain those ends — and whose plan is not executed by mere force, but through the instrumentality of all classes of second causes, free as well as necessary, each pre-adapted to its place and function, and each acting without constraint accord- ing to its nature. There is an infinite difference between a machine and a man, between the operation of motives, intelligence, free choice, and the mechanical forces which act upon matter. There is pre- cisely the same difference between the system of divine decrees, and the heathen doctrine of fate. 23. What objection to this doctrine of tinconditioncd decrees is derived from the ad.mitted fact of mans free agency ? Objection. — Foreknowledge implies the certainty of the event. The decree of God implies that he has determined it to be certain. But that he has determined' it to be certain implies, upon the part of God, an efficient agency in bringing about that event which is inconsistent Avith the free agency of man. 210 THE DECREES OF GOD IN GENERAL. \"We answer: It is evidently only the execution of tlie decree, and not the decree itself, which can interfere with the free agency of man. On the general subject of the method in wliich God executes his decrees, see below, the chapters on Providence, Effectual Calling, and Regeneration. We have here room only for the following general statement: 1st. The Scriptures attribute all that is good in man to God; these \" he works in us both to will and to do of his good pleas- ure.\" All the sins which men commit tlie Scriptures attribute wholly to the man himself. Yet God's permissive decree does truly determine the certain futurition of the act; because God knowing certainly that the man in question would in the given circumstances so act, did place that very man in precisely those circumstances that he should so act. But in neither case, whether in working the good in us, or in placing us where we will certainly do the wrong, does God in executing his purpose ever violate or restrict the pei-fect freedom of the agent. 2d. We have the fact distinctly revealed that God has de- creed the free acts of men, and yet that the actors were none the less responsible, and consequently none the less free in their acts. — Acts ii. 23; iii. 18; iv. 27, 28; Gen. 1. 20, etc. We never can understand lioiu the infinite God acts upon the finite spirit of man, but it is none the less our duty to believe. 3d. According to that theory of the will which makes the freedom of man to consist in the liberty of indifference, i. e., that the will acts in every case of choice in a state of perfect equi- librium equally independent of all motives for or against, and just as free to choose in opposition to all desires as in harmony with them, it is evident that the very essence of liberty consists in uncertainty. If this be the true theory of the will, God could not execute his decrees without violating the liberty of the agent, aiid certain foreknowdedge would be impossible. But as shown below, in Chapter XV., the true theory of the will is that the liberty of the agent consists in his acting in each case as, upon the whole, he pleases, i. e., according to the dispositions and desires of his heart, under the immediate view which his reason takes of the case. These dispositions and desires are determined in their turn by the character of the agent in relation to his circumstances, which character and circumstances are surely not beyond the control of the infinite God. 24. What is meant hy those icho teach that God is the atdhor of sin ? Many reasoners of a Pantheistic tendency, e. g., Dr. Emmons, maintain that as God is infinite in sovereignty, and by his de- DOES NOT MAKE GOD THE AUTHOR OF SIN. 211 cree determines, so by his providence lie effects every thing which comes to pass, so that he is actually the only real agent in the universe. Still they religiously hold that God is an in- finitely holy agent in eftectiiig that which, producedyVom God, is righteous, but, produced in us, is sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "69", "sort_key": 69, "group": "Chapter X", "question": "Hoio  may  it  he  shown  that  God  is  not  the  author  of  sin?", "answer": "The admission of sin into the creation of an infinitely Avise, powerful, and holy God is a great mystery, of which no explana- tion can be given. But that God can not be the author of sin is proved — 1st. From the nature of sin, which is, as to its essence, avo/.a'a, want of conformity to law, and disobedience to the Lawgiver. 2d. From the nature of God, who is as to essence holy, and in the administration of his kingdom always forbids and pun- ishes sin. 3d. From the nature of man, who is a responsible free agent who originates his own acts. The Scriptures always attribute to divine grace the good actions, and to the evil heart the sinful actions of men. 26. Hoio may it he shown that the doctrine of unconditional decrees does not rejiresent God as the author of sin? The whole difficulty lies in the awful fact that sin exists. If God foresaw it and yet created the agent, and placed him in the very circumstances under which he did foresee the sin Avould be committed, then he did predetermine it. If he did not fore- see it, or, foreseeing it, could not prevent it, then he is not infinite in knowledge and in power, but is surprised and pre- vented by his creatures. The doctrine of iniconditional decrees presents no special difficulty. It represents God as decreeing that the sin shall eventuate as the free act of the sinner, and not as by any form of co-action causing, nor by any form of temptation inducing, him to sin. 27. What is the ohjection to this doctrine derived from the use of means ? This is the most common form of objection in the mouths of ignorant and irreligious people. If an immutable decree makes all future events certain, ''if ivhat is to be, will he,'' then it follows that no means upon our part can avoid the result, nor can anj^ means be necessary to secure it. Hence as the use of means is commanded by God, and instinctively natural to man, since many events have been effected by their use, and many more in the future evidently 212 THE DECREES OF GOD IN GENERAL. depend upon tliem, it follows that God has not rendered certain any of those events which depend upon the use of means on the part of men.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "70", "sort_key": 70, "group": "Chapter X", "question": "Wliat  is  the  ground  upon  luhich  the  use  of  means  is  founded?", "answer": "This use is founded upon the command of God, and upon that fitness in the means to secure the end desired, which our instincts, our intelligence, and our experience disclose to us. But neither the fitness nor the efiiciency of the means to se- cure the end, reside inherently and independently in the means themselves, but were originally established and are now sus- tained by God himself; and in the Avorking of all means God always presides and directs providentially. This is necessarily involved in any Cliristian theory of Providence, although we can never explicate the relative action (concursus) of God on man, the infinite upon the finite. 29. Hoiv may it he sJioivn that the doctrine of decrees does not afford a rational ground of discovragement in the use of means ? This difficulty (stated above, Question 27) rests entirely in a habit of isolating one part of God's eternal decree from the whole (see Question 7), and in confounding the Christian doc- trine of decrees with the heathen doctrine of fate (see Ques. 22.) But when God decreed an event he made it certainly future, not as isolated from other events, or as independent of all means and agents, but as dependent upon means and upon agents freely using those means. The same decree which makes the event certain, also determines the mode by which it shall be effected, and comprehends the means with the ends. This eternal, all-comprehensive act embraces all exist- ence through all duration, and all space as one system, and at once provides for the whole in all its parts, and for all the parts in all their relations to one another and to the whole. An event, therefore, may be certain in respect to God's decree and foreknowledge, and at the same time truly contingent in tlie apprehension of man, and in its relation to the means upon which it depends. 30. What are the distinctions to he home in mind hetioeen the ohjections to the proof of a doctrine, and ohjections to the doctrine when proved ? Reasonable objections to the evidence. Scriptural or other- wise, upon which the claims of any doctrine is based, are evi- dently legitimate. These objections against the proof estab- lishing the truth of the doctrine ought always to be allowed their full weight. But when once the doctrine has been proved PRACTICAL EFFECTS OF THE DOCTRINE. 213 to be taught in Scripture objections levelled against lY, obviously have no weight at all until they amount to a sufficient force to prove that the Scriptures themselves are not the word of God. Before they reach that measure, objectiojis levelled against the doctrine itself, which do not affect the evidence upon which it rests (and most of the objections to the Calvinistic doctrine of Decrees are of this order) oiily illustrate the obvious truth that the finite mind of man can not fully comprehend the matters partially revealed and partially concealed in the word of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "71", "sort_key": 71, "group": "Chapter X", "question": "What  are  tlm  proper  practical  effects  of  this  doctriiie  ?", "answer": "Humility, in view of the infinite greatness and sovereignty of God, and of the dependence of man. Confidence and im- plicit reliance upon the wisdom, righteousness, goodness, and immutability of God's purposes, and cheerful obedience to his commandments; always remembering that God's precepts, as distinctly revealed, and not his decrees, are the rule of our duty.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "72", "sort_key": 72, "group": "Chapter XI", "question": "To  lohom  is  election  referred  in  the  Scriptures  ?", "answer": "The eternal decree, as a whole, and in all its parts, is doubt- less the concurrent act of all the three persons of the Trinity, in their perfect oneness of counsel and will. But in the economy of salvation, as revealed to us, the act of sovereign election is specially attributed to the Father, as his personal part, even as redemption is attributed to the Son, and sanctification to the Spirit. — John xvii. 6, 9; vi. 64, 65; 1 Thess. V. 9. 6. State that theory of Predestination designated hy its advo- cates the \"Theory of National Election.\" This is the theory that the only election spoken of in the Bible concerning the salvation of men consists of the divine pre- destination of communities and nations to the knowledge of the true religion and the external privileges of the gospel. This 216 * PREDESTINATION. form of election, which nndoubtedly represents a great gospel fact, is eminently illustrated in the case of the Jews. This is the view advocated by Archbishop Sumner in his work on \"Apostolic Preaching,\" quoted b}^ Dr. Cunningham. 7. Staie the theory styled hy its advocates the '■'Theory of Ecclesi- astical Inclividucdism.\" The view advocated by Mr. Stanley Faber in his \" Primi- tive Doctrine of Election,\" and by Archbishop Whately in his \"Essays on some of the Difficulties in the Writings of the Apostle Paul,\" and others, is styled the doctrine of \"Ecclesias- tical Individualism,\" and it involves the affirmation that God predetermines the relation of individual men to the outward church and the means of grace. Thus by birth and subsequent providences he casts the lot of some men in the most favorable, and of others in the least favorable circumstances.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "73", "sort_key": 73, "group": "Chapter XI", "question": "What  is  the  Armirdan  doctrine  of  election  ?", "answer": "The Arminians admit the foreknowledge of God, but they deny his absolute foreordination as it relates to the salvation of individuals. Their distinguishing doctrine is that God did not eternally make choice of certain persons and ordain their salvation, but that he made choice of certain characters, as holi- ness and faith and perseverance; or of certain classes of men who possess those characters, e. g., believers who persevere imto the end. Since they admit that God foreknows from eternity with absolute certainty precisely what individuals will repent and believe and persevere therein to the end, it follows that their doctrine admits of the statement that God eternally predesti- nated certain persons, who he foresaw would repent and be- lieve and persevere to life and salvation, on the ground of that faith and perseverance thus foreseen. 9. Point out tlue several principles in lohich the above-mentioned views agree and 'wherein they differ. The theories of \" National Election \" and of \" Ecclesiastical Individualism,\" both teach universally admitted facts, namely that God does predestinate individuals and communities and nations to the external privileges of the gospel and the use of the means of grace. This neither any Arminian nor any Cal- vinist will deny. But these theories are both vicious and both identical with the Arminian theory, in that they deny that God unconditionally predestinates either the free actions or the ulti- mate salvation of individuals. They admit that he gives cer- DIFFERENT THEORIES CONTRASTED' 217 tain men a better chance tlian others, but hold that each man's ultimate fate is not determined by God's decree, but left de- pendent upon the free wills of the men themselves. Neverthe- less, while these theories are all consistently Arminian in fun- damental principle, yet they differ in the manner in which they attempt to bring the Scriptures concerned into harmony witii that system. These theories differ among themselves as to the obje-ds, the ends, and the grounds of this election. As to the objects of the election spoken of in Scripture, the Armin- ian, the Calvinistic, and \"Ecclesiastical Individualism\" theories agree in making them individuals. The theory of \" National Election \" makes them nations or communities. As to the end of this election the Calvinistic and Arminian theories make it the eternal salvation of the individuals elected. The theories of \"National Election\" and of \"Ecclesiastical Individualism\" make it admission to the privilege of the means of grace. As to the ground of this election spoken of in the Scripture, ad- vocates of the Calvinistic, the \"National Election,\" and the \" Ecclesiastical Individualism \" theories agree in making it the sovereign good pleasure of God, while the Arminians hold it is conditioned upon the faith, repentance, and perseverance certainly foreseen in each individual case. It is obvious that the Calvinistic Doctrine of Decrees in- cludes the absolute election of both individuals and of commu- nities and nations to the use of the means of grace and the external advantages of the Church. It is also obvious that the admission of the principle of absolute election, as far as this, must be made by all Arminians as well as Calvinists, and hence this admission alone does not discriminate between the two great contesting systems. The only question which touches the true matter in debate is. What is the ground of the eternal predestination of individuals to salvation ? Is it the foreseen faith and repentance of the individuals themselves, or the sovereign good pleasure of God ? Every Christian must take one side or the other of this question. If he takes the side which makes foreseen faith the ground, he is an Arminian no matter what else he holds. If he takes the side which makes the good pleasure of God the ground, he is a Calvinist. This division among themselves, and this alternate agree- ment with and difference from the Calvinistic positions on this subject, is a very suggestive illustration of the extreme diffi- culty the advocates of Arminian principles have in accommo- dating the words of Scripture to their doctrine. In a polemic point of view the Calvinists have the capital advantage of being able to divide their opponents, and to refute them in detail. 218 PREDESTINA TION. 10. State tlie three points involved in the Calvinistic doctrine on this subject. Calviiiists hold, as shown in the preceding chapter, that God's Decrees are absohite and relate to all classes of events whatsoever. They therefore maintain that while nations, com- munities, and individuals are predestined absolutely to all of ever}^ kind of good and bad that befalls them, nevertheless the Scriptures teacii specifically an election (1) of individuals, (2) to grace and salvation, (3) founded not upon the foreseen faith of the persons elected, but upon the sovereign good pleasure of God alone. 11. State the P resnmjjtion of the truth of the above arising from the fact that impartial infidel and rationcdistic interpreters admit that the letter of the Scriptures can be interpreted only in a Cal- vinistic sense. Besides the presumption in favor of Calvinism arising from the fact above stated, that anti-Calvinistic interpreters of the Scripture are reduced to all kinds of various hypotheses in order to avoid the obvious force of the Scriptural testimony upon the subject, we now cite the additional presumption, arising from the fact that rationalists and infidels generally, who agree with Arminians in their intense opposition to Calvinistic Principles, yet not being restrained by faith in the inspiration of the Bible, are frank enough to confess that the Book can be fairly inter- preted oidy in a Calvinistic sense. This is thus the impartial testimony of an enemy. Wegscheider in his '■'•Institutiones TJie- olof/ice Christiana' Boffmatica','' Pt. III., Ch. iii., § 145,* the high- est authority as to the results of German Rationalists in Dog- matic theology, says that the passages in question do teach Calvinistic doctrine, but that Paul was misled by the crude and erroneous notions prevalent in that age, and especially by the narrow spirit of Jewish particularism. See also Gibbon's \" Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,\" Chapter xxxiii., Note 31. — \"Perhaps a reasoner still more independent may smile in his turn, when he peruses an Arminian Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans.\" 12. Prove from Scripture that the subjects of election are indi- viduals and that the end of election is eternal life. 1st. They are always spoken of as individuals, and the elec- tion of whicli they are tiie subjects is always set forth as having grace or glory as its end. — Acts xiii. 48; Eph. i. 4; 2 Thess. ii. 13. 2d. The elect are in Scripture explicitly distiiiguished from the * Dr. Wm. Cuuuingliam, \"Hist. Theo.,\" Vol. II., j). 4G3. THE DOCTRINE PROVED. 219 mass of the visible Church, and hence their election could not have been merely to the external privileges of that Churcii. — Rom. xi. 7. 3d, The names of the elect are said \" to be written in heaven\" and to be in \"the book of life.\" — Heb. xii. 23; Phil. iv. 3. 4th. The blessings which it is explicitly declared are secured by this election are gracious and saving, the}^ are the elements and results of salvation, inseparable from it, and pertain not to nations but to individuals as their subjects, e. r/., \"adoption of sons,\" \"to be conformed to the image of his Son,\" etc. — Rom. viii. 29; Eph. i. 5; 2 Thess. ii. 13; 1 Thess. v. 9; Rom. ix. 15, 16. 13. Show tliat this election is not founded on ivorks tvhether foreseen or not. This follows — 1st. From the general doctrine of Decrees which has been established in the last chapter. If God's decrees relate to and determine ^11 events of every class, it follows that no undecreed events remain to condition his de- cree or any element thereof, and also that he has decreed faith and repentance as well as the salvation which is conditioned upon them. 2d. It is expressly declared in Scripture that this election is not conditioned upon works of any kind. — Rom. xi. 4-7 ; 2 Tim. i. 9; Rom. ix. 11. 14. Shoio that in Scripture it is hahituaVy declared, to he founded on \" tlic good pleasure of God\" and \" the counsel of his oivn loill.\" Eph. i. 5-11; 2 Tim. i. 9; John xv. 16, 19; Matt. xi. 25, 26; Rom. ix. 10-18. 15. State the argument derived from the fact that ^\\fcdth\" \" re- pentance,\" and ^'■evangelical obedience\" are said to he the fruits of the Election. It is self-evident that the same actions can not be both the grounds upon which election rests, and the fruits in whicii that election is designed to result. Since the Bible teaches that \"faith,\" \"repentance,\" and \"evangelical obedience\" are the latter, they can not be the former. The Scriptures do so teach in Eph. i. 4. \"According as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world thcd loe should he holy, and without blame before him in love.\" — 2 Thess. ii. 13; 1 Pet. i. 2; Eph. ii. 10. 16. The same from the fact that faith and repentance are said to be the gifts of God. If faith and repentance are the \"gifts of God,\" then a man's possessing them results from God's act. If it results from God's 220 PREDESTINATION. act it must result from his eternal purpose. If they be the re- sults of his purpose, they can not be the conditions upon which that purpose is suspended. They are affirmed to be the \" gifts of God \" in Eph. ii. 8 ; Acts v. 3i ; 1 Cor. iv. 7. 17. State tlie argument derived from what tJie Scriptures teach as to the nature and extent of innate depravity and inability. The teaching of Scripture on these heads will be found stated and established in Chapters XIX. and XX. Now if men are born into the world with an antecedent prevailing tendency in their nature to sin, and they are ever, until regen- erated by the Spirit of God, totally and inalienably averse to and incapable of all good, it follows that unregenerate human nature is incapable either of tending to or of perfecting faith and repentance as the conditions required. If election is con- ditioned upon faith and repentance, then the man must produce his own faith and repentance, or help to produce them. But if human nature can neither produce nor iielp to produce them, it follows either that no man can be elected, or that faith and repentance can not be the condition of election. 18. Stcde the same from what the Scriptures teach of the nature and necessity of regeneration. In Chapter XXIX. it will be proved that the Scriptures teach (1) that regeneration is an act of God; (2) that with respect to that act the soul is passive ; (3) that it is absolutely necessary in the case of every living man. Hence it follows that if it be in no sense man's work, but in every sense God's act alone, it can not be the condition upon which God's purpose is suspended, but an event determined by that purpose. 19. Show that the Scriptures teach that all the elect believe, and that ONLY the elect believe. All the elect believe.— John x. 16, 27-29; John vi. 37-39; John xvii. 2, 9, 24. And only the elect believe. — John x. 26. And those who believe do so because they are elect. — Acts xiii. 48, and ii. 47. 20. What argument is to be drawn fro^n the fact that all evan- geliccd Christians of every theological school express the sentiments proper to the Calvinistic doctrine of unconditional election in aU their prayers and hymns ? That form of doctrine must be false which can not be con- sistently embodied in personal religious experience and in devo- tion. That form of doctrine must be true which all Christians of all theoretical opinions always find themselves obliged to THE DOCTRINE PROVED. 221 express when they come to commune with God. Now all the psalms arid hymns and prayers, written and spontaneous, of all evangelical Christians, embody the principles and breathe the spirit of Calvinism. They all pray God to make men repent and believe, to come to and to receive the Savioin-. If God gives all men common and sufficient grace, and if the reason why one man repents, is that he makes good use of that grace, and the reason another does not believe, is that he does not use that grace, if the only cause of difference is in the men, it follows that we ought to pray men to convert themselves, i. e., to make themselves to differ. Bat all agree in asking God to save us, and in giving him all the thanks when it is done. 21. Sliow that Paul must have held our position on this subject from the nature of the objections made against his doctrine, and from the ansiuers he gave them. Paul's doctrine is identical with the Calvinistic view. 1st. Because he expressly teaches it. 2d. Because the objections he notices as brought against his doctrine are the same as those brought against ours. The design of the whole passage is to prove God's sovereign right to cast off the Jews as a peculiar people, and to call all men indiscriminately by the gospel. This, he argues, 1st, that God's ancient promises embraced not the natural descendants of Abraham as such, but the spir- itual seed. 2d. That \" God is perfectly sovereign in the distri- bution of his favors.\" But against this doctrine of divine sovereignty two objec- tions are introduced and answered by Paul. 1st. It is unjust. for God thus of his mere good pleasure to show mercy to one and to reject another, v. 14. This precise objection is made against our doctrine at the present time also. \" It represents the most holy God as worse than the devil, as more false, more cruel, and more unjust.\" — \" Methodist Doc- trinal Tracts,\" pp. 170, 171. This Paul answers by two argu- ments. (1.) God claims the right, \"I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy.\" — Rom. ix. 15, 16. (2.) God in his provi- dence exercises the right, as in the case of Pharaoh, vs. 17, 18. 2d. The second objection is that this doctrine is inconsistent with the liberty and accountability of men. This would be an absurd objection to bring against Paul's doctrine if he were an Arminian, but it is brought every day by Arminians against our doctrine. Paul answers this objection by condescending to no appeal to human reason, but simply (1) by asserting God's sovereignty as Creator, and man's dependence as creature, and (2) by as- serting the just exposure of all men alike to wrath as sinners, 222 PREDESTINA TION. VS. 20-24. — See Analysis of chap. ix. 6-24, in Hodge's \" Com. on Romans.\" 22. Discriminate accurately the tivo elements involved in the doctrine of Reprohation. Eeprobation is the aspect which God's eternal decree pre- sents in its relation to that portion of the human race which shall lie finally condemned for their sins. It is, 1st, negative, inasmuch as it consists in passing over these, and refusing to elect them to life; and, 2d, positive, in- asmuch as they are condemned to eternal misery. In respect to its negative element, reprobation is simply sovereign, since those passed over were no worse than those elected, and the simple reason both for the choosing and for the passing over was the sovereign good pleasure of God. In respect to its positive element, reprobation is not sover- eign, but simply judicial, because God inflicts misery in any case only as the righteous punishment of sin. \" The rest of mankind God was pleased, according to the unsearchable coun- sel of his own will, to pass by, and to ordain them to dishonor and wrath /or their sins. — \" Con. Faith,\" Chap, iii., Sec. 7. 23. Sltoio that these positions are necessarily involved in the general doctrine of Decrees and in the special doctrine of the election of ,some men to eterncd life. As above stated, this doctrine of reprobation is self-evidently an inseparable element of the doctrines of decrees and of elec- tion. If God unconditionally elects whom he pleases, he must unconditionall}'' leave whom he pleases to themselves. He must foreordain the non-believing, as well as the believing, although the events themselves are brought to pass by very different causes. 24. Prove thcd it is taught in Scripture. Rom. ix. 18, 21 ; 1 Pet. ii. 8; Jude 4; Rev. xiii. 8. \" I thank thee, 0 Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes, even so, Fathei', for so it seemeth good in thy sight.\" — Matt. xi. 25. \"Ye believe not, because ye are not my sheep.\" — John x. 26. 25. Shoiv that the same objection was made against PauVs doc- trine thcd is made against ours. \"Why doth he yet find fault?\" If he has not given gra- cious ability to obey, how can he command? — See also \"Metho- dist Doctrinal Tracts,\" p. 171. OBJECTIONS ANSWERED. 223 The apostle answers by showing, 1st (verses 20, 21), that God is under no obligation to extend his grace to all or to any; and, 2d, that the \" vessels of wrath \" were condemned for their own sins, to manifest God's just wrath, while the \" vessels of mercy \" were chosen not for any good in them, but to manifest his glorious grace (verses 22, 23). 26. Show the identity of PauTs doctrine with ours from the illustrations he uses in the ninth chapter of Romans. \" Hath not the potter power (iloucJ/a) over the day of the same lump to make one vessel to honor, and another to dis- honor, V. 21. Here the whole point of the illustration lies in the fact that there is no difference in the clay — it is day of the same lump — the sole difference is made by the will of the pot- ter. In the case of Esau and Jacob, the very point is that one is just as good as the other — that there is no difference in the children — but that the whole difference is made by the \"pur- pose of God according to election \" — \" for the children being not yet born, neither having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of ivorks, but of him that collet h,'' V. 11.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "74", "sort_key": 74, "group": "Chapter XI", "question": "In  ivhat  sense  is  God  said  to  harden  men?", "answer": "See Rom. ix. 18, and John xii. 40. This is doubtless a judicial act wherein God \"\\jdthdraws from sinful men, whom he lias not elected to life, for the just pun- ishment of their sins, all gracious influences, and leaves them to the unrestrained tendencies of their own hearts, and to the uncounteracted influences of the world and the devil. 28. Stcde the objection brought against the Ccdvinistic doctrine of election on the ground that it is inconsistent tvith Justice. It is maintained that if God by a sovereign unconditional decree determines to pass by some nien, and to withhold from them the grace necessary to enable them to repent and believe in Christ, it is unjust in God to hold them accountable, and to punish them for tiieir want of faith. 29. State the fundamental vieiv tvhich necessarily underlies all Arminianism as to the relation which the remedied ivork of Christ sustains to the justice of God, and as to the relation ivhich the human race by nature sustains to the divine government. When the Arminian system is sifted to its fundamental principles, it is found to rest upon the postulate that the gift of Christ is a necessary compensation to the human race for the evils brought upon it for the sin of Adam. It is admitted that 224 PREDESTINATION. the sin of Adam was the cause of his whole race becoming sinners, and that every one of his descendants comes into the worhl with a nature so far depraved as to be morally incapable of loving God and disposed to evil. But they maintain that men are by nature in the first instance not responsible for their moral condition, since it comes upon them each at his birth, antecedent to all personal action They hold, therefore, that man can not be punished for original sin, nor could any man ever be held responsible for any act of disobedience springing as an inevitable consequence out of that original depravity, if God had not through Christ provided a remedy, giving to each man gracious ability to do all that is required of him as the condition of his salvation. This redemption and gracious ability to believe and obey God owes to all men, and they are necessary to render any man responsible and punishable for his sins, since thus alone is he, as far as this class of exercises go, endowed with the power of contrary choice. Dr. D. D. Whedon, in the \" Bibliotheca Sacra,\" April, 1862, p. 257. — \" It is not then until there is redemptively conferred upon man what we call a gracious ability for the right, that man can be strictly responsible for the wrong.\" He says, p. 254, that after Adam sinned the only alternatives open to God in con- sistency with justice were either, 1st, to send Adam and Eve to perdition before they had children, or, 2d, to allow him to prop- agate his kind under the antecedent disabilities of sin, and provide a redemptive system for all. He distinguishes between guilt or moral responsibility for character and moral corruption of nature. Under the con- ditions of pure nature, he teaches that only Adam and Eve were responsible, as well as corrupt, because they, having been created morally free, voluntarily made themselves vile by their own act. On the other hand their descendants are all morally polluted and spiritually dead, because they inherit corrupt na- tures from Adam; but they are not guilty, neither responsible for their birth sin nor for any of its consequences, because it was determined inevitably by an act not their own. In the actual state of things consequent to the gift of Christ every man is responsible because every man has sufficient grace. Hence it follows — 1st. That the provision of redemption Avas not a work of infinite free grace, but a mere act of justice in compensation for evils brought upon our nature by Adam. 2d. That this is owed equally to each and every man with- out exception. \"I reject,\" says John Wesley, \"Methodist Doc. Tracts,\" pp. 25, 26, \"the assertion that God might justly have passed by me and all men, as a bold, precarioiis assertion, utterly unsupported by Holy Scripture.\" 3d. It follows also SALVATION IS OF GRACE. 225 that the gracious help of the Holy Ghost is just as necessary to render men responsible sinners as to bring them to salva- tion. 4th. It follows that grace sends men to hell, as well as takes them to heaven, and that it has done far more of the former than of the latter work. 30. 81\\oio tliat their position here is absolutely inconsistent ivith lohat the Scriptures and the entire Christian Church teach of the nature and necessity of the Satisfaction made to divine justice by Christ. It will be shown under Chap. XXV., that the Scriptures teach, the entire Church being witness, that in order to the salvation of man, a lull satisfaction to the inalienable principle of justice essential to the Divine nature was absolutely necessary. So that if God's justice is not satisfied, grace can not be shown to any man. \"^lliis would be absurd if men were not antece- dently responsible for the sins for which it is necessary that they should make satisfaction. What is the sense of a '^Hedemptively conferred gracious ability\" respecting parties who have forfeited nothing because they are responsible for nothing? In their case is not both \"redemption\" and \"grace\" an impertinence? 31. Prove from Scripture that salvation is of grace. Grace is free, undeserved favor showed to the undeserving. If redemption is a debt owed to all men, or if it be a compen- sation prerequisite to their accountability, then it can not be a gratuity, and the gift of Christ can not be an eminent expres- sion of God's free favor and love. It can only be an expression of his rectitude. But the Scriptures declare that the gift of Christ is an un- paralleled expression of free love, and that salvation is of grace. Lam. iii. 22; John iii. 16; Rom. iii. 24; xi. 5, 6; 1 Cor. iv. 7; XV. 10; Eph. i. 5, 6; ii. 4-10, etc. And every true Christian recognizes the essential graciousness of salvation as an insep- arable element of his experience. Hence the doxologies of heaven.— 1 Cor. vi. 19, 20; 1 Pet. i. 18, 19; Rev. v. 8-14. But if salvation is of grace, then it is obviously consistent with God's justice for him to save all, many, few, or none, just as he pleases. 32. Shoio that the objection that unconditioned election is incon- sistent ivith the justice of God is ctbsurd and antichristian. Justice necessarily holds all sinners alike destitute of all claims upon God's favor. It is unjust to justify the unjust. It would be inconsistent with righteousness for a sinful man to claim, or for God to grant, salvation to anv one as his due. 15 226 PREDESTINATION. Otherwise the condemning sentence of conscience is denied, and the cross of Christ made of none effect. On the very gronnds of justice itself, therefore, salvation must be of grace, and it must rest upon the sovereign option of God himself whether he provides salvation for few, many, or for none. The salvation of none is consistent with justice, or the sacrifice of Christ was a payment of debt not a grace. And the salvation of one undeserving sinner obviously can lay no foundation upon which the salvation of another can be demanded as a right. 33. State and refute the ohjection that our doctrine is inconsistent with the rectitude of God as an impartial ruler. Arminians often argue that reason teaches us to expect the great omnipotent Creator and Sovereign of all men to be im- partial in his treatment of individuals — to extend the same essential advantages and conditions of salvation to all alike. They argue also that this fair presumption of reason is reaf- firmed in the Scriptures, Avhich declare that God is \"no re- specter of persons.\" — Acts x. 34, and 1 Pet. i. 17. In the first- named passage this applies simply to the application of the gospel to Gentiles as well as Jews. In the second passage it is affirmed that in the judgment of human works God is abso- lutely impartial. The question as to election, however, is as to grace not as to judgment pronounced on works, and the Scriptures nowhere say that God is impartial in the commu- nication of his grace. On the other hand, the presumptions of reason and the texts of Scripture must be interpreted in a sense consistent with the palpable facts of human history and of God's daily providential dispensations. If it is unjust in principle for God to be partial in his distributions of spiritual good, it can be no less unjust for him to be partial in his distribution of temporal good. As a matter of fact, however, we find that God in the exercise of his absolute sovereignty makes the greatest possible distinc- tions among men from birth, and independently of their own merits in the allotments both of temporal good and of the es- sential means of salvation. One child is boi-n to health, honor, w^ealth, to the possession of a susceptible heart and conscience, and to all the best means of grace as his secure inheritance. Many others are born to disease, shame, poverty, an obtuse conscience and hardened heart, and absolute heathenish dark- ness and ignorance of Christ. If God may not be partial to indivitluals, why ma}' he be partial to nations, and how can his dealings with heathen nations and the children of the abandoned classes in the nominally Christian cities be ac- counted for? ' OBJECTIONS ANSWERED. 227 Archbishop Whately gives this excellent word of Avarning to his Arininian friends: \"I wonld suggest a caution relative to a class of objections frequently urged against Calvinists drawn from the moral attributes of God. We should be very cautious how we employ such weapons as may recoil upon ourselves. It is a frightful but undeniable truth that midti- tudes, even in Christian countries, are born and brought up in such circumstances as afford them no probable, even no pos- sible, chance of obtaining a knowledge of religious truths, or a habit of moral conduct, but are even trained from infancy in superstitious error and gross depravity. Why this should be permitted neither Calvinist nor Arminian can explain; nay, why the Almighty does not cause to die in the cradle every infant whose future wickedness and misery, if suffered to grow up, he foresees, is Avhat no system of rehgion, natural or re- vealed, will enable us satisfactorily to account for.\" — \" Essays on some of the Difficulties of St. Paul.\" Essay 3d, on Election. 34. Refute the ohjedion draivn/rom such passages as 1 Tim. ii. 4. \"Who will (SsXsi) all men to be saved and to come unto the knowledge of the truth.\" The word QeXsiv has two senses — (a) to be inclined to, to desire; {h) to purpose, to itdll In such connections as the above it is evident that it can not mean that God jimposes the salva- tion of all, because («) all are not saved, and none of God's purposes fail, and (/>) because it is affirmed that he ivills all to \"come to the knowledge of the truth\" in the same sense that he wills all to be saved — yet he has left the vast majority of men to be born and to live and to die, irrespective of their own agency, in heathenish darkness. Such passages simply assert the essential benevolence of God. He takes no pleasure in the death of the wicked. He does take great pleasure in the salvation of men. Yet as a matter of fact, in perfect consistency with his benevolence, for reasons sufficient, though not revealed to us, he has provided no redemption for lost angels, and no efficacious grace for the non-elect among mankind. These passages simply assert that, if it were not for these reasons, it would be agreeable to liis benevolent nature that all men should be saved. 35. Show that our doctrine does not discourage the iise of means. It is objected that if God from eternity has determined that one man is to be converted and saved and another is to be left to perish in his sins, there is no room left for the use of means. As John Wesley, in \"iNIethodist Doc. Tracts,\" falsely represents 228 PREDESTINATION. the doctrine of Toplady, \" There are suppose twenty men, ten are ordained to be saved do what they may, and ten are or- dained to be damned do what they can.\" This is an absurd as Avell as wicked caricature of the doctrine. 1st. The decree of election does not secure salvation without faith and holiness, but salvation through faith and holiness, the means being just as much decreed as the end. The Calvin- ist believes, as well as the Arminian, that every man who does evil will be damned, elect or non-elect. 2d. The doctrine of election does not presume that God con- strains men inconsistently with their freedom. The non-elect are simply let alone, to do as their own evil hearts prompt. The elect are made Avilling in the day of God's power. God works in them to ivill as well as to do of his good pleasure. To be made ivilling takes away no man's liberty. 3d. The decree of election only makes the repentance and faith of the elect certain. But the antecedent certainty of a free act is not inconsistent with its freedom, otherwise the certain foreknowledge of a free act would be impossible. The decree of election does not cause the faith, and it does not interfere with the agent in acting, and certainly it does not supersede the absolute necessity of it. 36. Hoiv far is assurance of our election possible, and on luhat grounds does such assurance rest ? An unwavering and certain assurance of the fact of our elec- tion is possible in this life, for whom God predestinates them he also calls, and whom he calls he justifies, and we know that whom he justifies, he also sanctifies. Thus the fruits of the Spirit prove sanctification, and sanctification proves effectual calling, and effectual calling election. — See 2 Pet. i. 5-10; 1 John ii. 3. Besides this evidence of our own gracious states and acts, we have the Spirit of adoption, who witnesseth with our spirits and seals us. — Rom. viii. 16, 17; Eph. iv. 30. In confirmation of this we have the example of the apostles (2 Tim. i. 12) and of many Christians. 37. Hoiv does this doctrine consist uith the general benevolence of God? The only difficulty at this point is to reconcile the general benevolence of God with the fact that he, being infinitel}'^ wise and powerful, should have admitted a system involving the sin, final impenitence, and consecpient damnation of any. But this difficulty presses equally upon both systems. OBJECTIONS ANSWERED. 229 The/acfe prove that God's general benevolence is not incon- sistent with his allowing some to be damned for their sins. This is all that reprobation means. Gratnitous election, or the positive choice of some does not rest npon God's general benev- olence, but upon his special love to his own. — John xvii. 6, 23; Rom. ix. 11-13; 1 Thess. v. 9.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "75", "sort_key": 75, "group": "Chapter XI", "question": "How  does  this  doctrine  consist  with  tJie  general  gospel  offer?", "answer": "In the general offers of the gospel God exhibits a salvation sufficient for and exactly adapted to all, and sincerely offered to every one without exception, and he unfolds all the motives of duty, hope, fear, etc., Avhich ought to induce every one to accept it, solenuily promising that whosoever comes in no wise shall be cast out. Nothing but a sinful unwillingness can pre- vent any one who hears the gospel from receiving and enjoy- ing it. The gospel is for all, election is a special grace in addition to that offer. The non-elect may come if they will. The elect will come. The decree of election puts no barrier before men preventing them from accepting the gospel offer. Any man, elect or non-elect, will be saved if he accepts. The non-elect are left to act as they are freely determined by their own hearts. There is just as great an apparent difficulty in reconciling God's certain foreknowledge of the final impenitence of the great majority of those to whom he offers and npon whom he presses, by every argument, his love with the fact of that offer; especially when we reflect that he foresees that his offers will certainly increase their guilt and misery. 39. Hoio can the doctrine of reprobation he reconciled with the holiness of God ? Reprobation leaves men in sin, and thus leads to the increase of sin throughout eternit3^ How then can God, in consistency with his holiness, form a purpose the designed effect of which is to leave men in sin, and thus lead inevitably to the increase of sin. But it is acknowledged by Arminians as well as Calvinists, that God did create the human race in spite of his certain fore- knowledge that sin would be largely occasioned thereby, and he did create individual men in spite of his certain foreknowl- edge that these very men would continue eternally to sin. The real difficulty lies in the insoluble problem of the permission of evil. \"Why is the existence of evil tolerated in the universe of an infinitely wise, righteous, merciful, and powerful God ? 230 PREDESTINA TION. The Avminians are as little able to answer that question as the Calvinist. 40. What is the jiractical hearing of this doctrine on Christian experience and conduct ? It must be remembered, 1st. That this truth is not inconsist- ent with, but is part of, tlie same gracious system with the equally certain principles of the moral liberty and responsi- bility of man, and the free offers of the gospel to all. 2d. That the sole rule of our duty is the commands, threatenings, and promises of God clearly expressed in the gospel, and not this decree of election, which he never reveals except in its conse- quents of effectual calling, faith, and holy living. When thus held, the doctrine of predestination — 1st. Exalts the majesty and absolute sovereignty of God, while it illustrates the riches of his free grace and his just dis- pleasure with sin. 2d. It enforces upon us the essential truth that salvation is entirely of grace. That no one can either complain, if passed over, or boast himself, if saved. 3d. It brings the inquirer to absolute self-despair, and the cordial embrace of the free offer of Christ, 4th. In the case of the believer, who has the witness in him- self, this doctrine at once deepens his humility, and elevates his confidence to the full assurance of hope. 41. State the true nature of the question discussed hy theologians concerning the order of the divine decrees. As we believe that the Decree of God is one single, eternal intention, there can not be an order of succession in his pur- poses either («) in time, as if one purpose actually preceded the other, or {b) in distinct deliberation or option on the part of God. The whole is one choice. Yet in Avilling the entire system God, of course, comprehended all the parts of the system Avilled in their several successions and relations. In like man- ner as a man by one act of mind recognizes a complicated machine with which he is familiar, and in the same act discrim- inates accurately tlie several parts, and comprehends their unity and relation in the system, and the design of the whole. — Dr. Charles Hodge's \" Lectures.\" The question, therefore, as to the Order of the Decrees is not a question as to the order of acts in God decreeing, but it is a question as to the true relation sus- tained by the several parts of the system which he decrees to one another. That is. What relation between Creation, Predes- tination, and Redemption did the one eternal purpose of God THE ORDER OF THE DIVINE DECREES. 231 establish ? AYliat do the Scriptures teach as to the purpose of God ill giving his Son, and as to the object and ground of elec- tion ? The ground and object of election has been fully con- sidered above. The design of God in the gift of Christ will be fully considered under Division IV. of Chapter XXV. 42. What is the Arminian theory as to the order of the decrees relatiruj to the human race? 1st. The decree to create man. 2d. ]\\Ian, as a moral agent, being fallible, and his will being essentially contingent, and his sin therefore being impreventible, God, foreseeing that man would certainly fall into the condemnation and pollution of sin, decreed to provide a free salvation through Christ for all men, and to provide sufficient means for the effectual application of that salvation to the case of all. 3d. He decreed absolutely that all believers in Christ should be saved, and all unbehev- ers reprobated for their sins. 4th. Foreseeing that certain individuals would repent and believe, and that certain other individuals would continue impenitent to the last, God from eternity elected to eternal life those whose faith he foresaw, on the condition of their faith, and reprobated those Avliom he foresaw would continue impenitent on the condition of that impenitence. 43. What is the vieio of this subject entertained by the French Protestant theologians., Camero, Amyraiit, and others ? These theological professors at Saumur, during the second quarter of the seventeenth centiu-y, taught that God — 1st. De- creed to create man. 2d. To permit man to fall. 3d. To pro- vide, in the mediation of Christ, salvation for all men. 4th. But, foreseeing that if men were left to themselves none would re- pent and believe, therefore he sovereignly elected some to whom he decreed to give the necessary graces of repentance and faith.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "76", "sort_key": 76, "group": "Chapter XI", "question": "What  is  the  infra-Iapsarian  vieio  of  predestination?", "answer": "The infra-lapsarian {infra lapsum) theory of predestination, or the decree of predestination, viewed as subsequent in pur- pose to the decree permitting man to fall, represents man as created and fallen as the object of election. The order of the decrees then stand thus: 1st! The decree to create man. 2d. To permit man to fall. 3d. The decree to elect certain men, outof the mass of the fallen and justly condemned race, to eternal life, and to pass others by, leaving them to the just consequences of their sins. 4th. The decree to provide salvation for the elect. 232 PREDESTINATIOX. This is the common view of the Eeformed Churches, confirmed alike by the svnod of dort and the westminster assembly.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "77", "sort_key": 77, "group": "Chapter XI", "question": "What  is  the  supra-lapsarian  tlieory  of  predestination  ?", "answer": "The term supra-lapsarian (supra lajjsum) designates that view of\" the various provisions of the divine decree in their logical relations whicli supposes that the ultimate end which God pro- posed to himself was his own glory in the salvation of some men and in the damnation of others, and that, as a means to that end, he decreed to create man, and to permit him to fall. According to this view, man simply as creatible, and fallible, and not as actually created or fallen, is the object of election and reprobation. The order of the decrees would then be — 1st. Of all possible men, God first decreed the salvation of some and the damnation of others, for the end of his own glory. 2d. He decreed, as a means to that end, to create those already elected or reprobated. 3d. He decreed to permit them to fall. 4th. He decreed to provide a salvation for the elect. This view was held by Beza, the successor of Calvin in Geneva, and by Gomarus, the great opponent of Arminius. 4(3. State the respective pioints of agreement and of difference between these several scJiemes. 1st. The Arminian as compared with the Calvinistic scheme. With the x\\rmiiiian the decree of redemption precedes the decree of election, which is conditioned upon the foreseen faith of the individual. W'ith the Calvinist, on the other hand, the decree of election precedes the decree of redemption, and the decree of election is conditioned upon the simple good pleasure of God alone. 2d. The French or Salmurian as compared with the legiti- mate view of the Eeformed Churches and with the Arminian view. The French view agrees with the Reformed and differs from the Arminian view in making the sovereign good pleasure of God the sole ground of election ; Avliile it differs from the Reformed and agrees with the Arminian in making the decree of redempti(jii precede the decree of election. 3d. The supra-lapsarian scheme as compared with the infra- lapsarian view prevalent among the Reformed Churches. The supra-lapsarian scheme makes the decree to elect some and reprobate others, precede the decree to create and to permit to fall. The infra-lapsarian view makes the decree of election come after the decree to create and permit to fall. The supra- lapsarian view regards man not as created and fallen, but sim- ply as creatible, the object of electicm and reprobation. The THE ORDER OF THE DIVINE DECREES. 233 infra-lapsarian view makes man as already created and fallen the only object of those decrees. 47. State the arguments agaiiist the SKpra-lajJsarian scheme. This scheme is unquestionably the most logical of all. It is postulated upon the principle, that what is last in execution is first in intention, wliich undoubtedly holds true in all splieres comprehended in human experience. Hence it is argued that if the final result of the whole matter is the glorification of God in the salvation of the elect and the perdition of the non- elect, it must have been the deliberate purpose of God from the beginning. But the case is too high and too vast for the a priori application and enforcement of the ordinary rules of human judgment; we can here only know in virtue of and within the limits of a positive revelation. The objections agauist this scheme are — 1st. Man creatible is a nonentity. He could not have been loved or chosen unless considered as created. 2d. The whole language of Scripture upon this subject im- plies that the \" elect \" are chosen as the objects of eternal love, not from the number of creatible, but from the mass of actually sinful men. — John xv. 19 ; Rom. xi. 5, 7. 3d. The Scriptures declare that the elect are chosen to sanc- tification, and to the sprinkling of the blood of Christ. They must therefore have been regarded when chosen as guilty and defiled by sin.— 1 Pet. i. 2 ; Eph. i. 4-6. 4th. Predestination includes reprobation. This view repre- sents God as reprobating the non-elect by a sovereign act, with- out any respect to their sins, simply for his own glory. This appears to be inconsistent with the divine righteousness, as well as with the teaching of Scripture. The non-elect are \" or- dained to dishonor and wrath /'or their sins, to the praise of his glorions justice. — \" Conf. Faith,\" ch. 3, sec. 3-7, \"L. Cat.,\" ques- tion 13; \"S. Cat.,\" question 20. 48. Slioiv that a. correct exegesis of Eph. iii. 9, 10, does not sup- port the supra-lapsarian vieiv. This passage is claimed as a direct affirmation of the supra- lapsarian theor}^ H\" tlie 'iya, introducing the tenth verse, refers to the immediately preceding clause, then the passage teaches tliat God created all things in order that his manifold wisdom might be displayed by the church to the angels. It is evident, however, that zVa, refers to the preceding phrase, in which Paul declares that he was ordained to preach tlie gospel to the Gentiles, and to enlighten all men as to the mystery of redemp- 234 PREDESTINATION. tion. All this he was commissioned to do, in order that God's glory might be displayed, etc. — See \" Hodge on Ephesians.\" 49. State the arguments against the French scheme.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "78", "sort_key": 78, "group": "Chapter XII", "question": "What  is  the  origin  of  the  Doctrine  of  Creation  ex  nihilo?", "answer": "The prevalency, if not the conception, of the idea of absohite creation, or of creation ex niliilo^ is to be referred to the influence of the inspired word of God. Anterior to revelation there were two prevalent causes which prevented the acceptance of this idea, (a.) The universally assumed truth of the axiom that ex nihilo nihil Jit. Hence all theists and atheists alike failed to conceive of, or conceiving repudiated, the idea of absolute creation as absurd, {h.) The second cause influencing theists was the presumed interest of natural theology, in the impossi- bility, on that hypothesis, of reconciling the existence of evil with the perfections of God. 2. What views were respectively held by the great theists Plato and Aristotle ? Plato held that there are two eternal, self-existent principles, God and matter, u/l^, which exist co-ordinately in an indivisi- ble, unsuccessive eternity ; that time and the actual phenomenal world which exists in time, are the work of God, who freely moulds matter into forms which image his own infinitely perfect and eternal ideas. Aristotle also held that God and matter are co-ordinately self-existent and eternal; but he differed from Plato in regarding God as eternally self-active in organizing the world out of matter, and consequently in regarding the uni- verse thus organized as eternal as well as the mere matter of which it is formed. — \"Ancient Phil,\" W. Archer Butler, Series 3, Lectures 1 and 2.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "79", "sort_key": 79, "group": "Chapter XII", "question": "What  vieivs  on  this  point  prevailed  among  the  Gnostics  ?", "answer": "Some of the Gnostics taught that the universe proceeds from God by way of emanation, which was explained as \"a necessary and gradual unfolding ad extra, of the germ of exist- ence that lay in God,\" as radiance proceeds from the sun, etc. Most of the Gnostics united with this theory of emanation the 238 THE CREATION OF THE WORLD. doctrine of dualism, i. e., of the co-ordinate self-existence of two independent principles, God and matter (uA?/). From God by successive emanations proceeded the Ji^ons, the Demimgos, Creator of the world, the Jehovah of the Old Testament, and finally Christ. The material universe springs from self-exist- ent matter, intrinsically evil, organized by the Demimgos. All soals have emanated from the world of light, but have become entangled in matter, hence the historical contest between good and evil, which Christ came to settle by giving power to souls ultimately to escape from the toils of matter. 4. What is the vieiv on this subject common to all schemes of Pantheism ? Pantheists identify God and the universe. God is the abso- lute being of which things are the special and transient modes. God is tlie self-existent and persistent principle of all things, which by an inherent self-acting law of development is eter- nally running through ceaseless cycles of change. 5. State the true doctrine as to creation. The Christian doctrine as to Creation involves the following points: 1st. \"In the beginning,\" at some unknown point of de- finite commencement in time. 2d. God called all things (that is the original principles and causes of all things) into being out of nothing. Thus every thing which has or will or can exist, exterior to the Godhead, owes its being and substance as well as its form to God. 3d. This creative act is an act of free, self-determined will. It was not a necessary constitutional act analogous to the immanent and eternal acts of the Generation of the Son or the Procession of the Holy Spirit. 4th. It was not necessary to complete the divine excellence or blessed- ness, which were eternal and complete and inseparable from the divine essence. But it was done in the exercise of abso- lute discretion for infinitely wise reasons. — Dr. Charles Hodge. This doctrine is essential to Theism. All opposing theories of the origin of the world are essentially Pantheistic or Atheistic. 6. What distinction is signalized by the terms Creatio prima seu immediata, and Creatio secunda seu mediata, and by ivhom ivas it introduced? The phrase Creatio prima seu immediata signifies the origi- nating act of the divine will whereby he brings, or has brought, into being, out of nothing, the principles and elementary es- sences of all things. The phrase Creatio secunda seu mediata signifies the subsequent act of God in originating different forms of things, and especially different species of living beings ABSOLUTE CREATION TAUGHT IN SCRIPTURE. 239 out of the already created essences of things. The Christian Church holds both. These phrases originated in the Avritings of certain Lutheran theologians of the seventeenth century, e. (/., Gerhard, Quenstedt, etc. 7. What is the primary signification., and ivhat the biblical usage of the word X\"i3? \"1st. Strictly, To heii\\ cut out. 2d. To form, maJce, 2J'^'oduce (whether out of nothing or not). — Gen. i. 1, 21, 27; ii. 3, 4; Isa. xliii. 1, 7; xlv. 7; Ixv. 18; Ps. li. 12; Jer. xxxi. 22; Amos iv. 13. Niphal, 1st. To be created. — Gen. ii. 4; v. 2. 2d. To be born. — Ps. cii. 19; Ezek. xxi. 35. Piel, 1st. To Jieiv, cut down, e. g., a wood. Josh. xvii. 15, 18. 2d. To cid doion (with the sword), to kill. Ezek. xxiii. 47. 3d. To form, engrave, mark out. — Ezek. xxi. 24.\" Gesenius' \" Lex.\" 8. State the direct proof of the truth of this doctrine afforded in Scrip)ture. 1st. Since the idea itself is new, and foreign to all prece- dent modes of thought, it could be conveyed in Scripture only through the use of old terms, previously bearing a different sense, but so employed as to suggest a new meaning. The word \"barii,\" however, is the best one the Hebrew language afforded to express the idea of absolute making. 2d. This new idea is inevitably suggested by the way in wdiicli the term is first used by Moses, when giving accouiit from the very commencement of the genesis of the heavens and the earth. As a general introduction to the history of the formation of the world and its inhabitants, it is declared that \" In the beginning — in the absolute beginning, God made the heavens and the earth.\" Tliere is not the slightest hint given of any previously existing material. In the beginning God made the heavens and the eartli, after that Chaos existed, for then it is said \"the earth was without form and void,\" and the Spirit of God brooded over the abyss. 3d. The same truth is also inevitably suggested in all the various modes of expression by which the agency of God in originating the world is set forth in Scripture. In no case is there the faintest trace of any reference to any pre-existing materials or precedent conditions of creation. In every case the whole causal agency to which the creation is referred is tlie \" Word,\" the bare \" fiat \" of Jehovah. — Ps. xxxiii. 6 and cxlviii. 5. \"By faith we understand tliat the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that things which are seen {za fiXETcoi-isi'a) wei'e not made of things which do appear (/(?/ en q)aivoju£'roov). — Heb. xi. 3. See Rom. iv. 17; 2 Cor. iv. 6. 240 THE CREATION OF THE WORLD. 9. In what manner is tins doctrhm of the ahsohtte creation of the ivorld by God implied in Scripture ? 1st. In all those passages that teach that God is an absolute Sovereign, and that the creature is ahsoIufeJi/ dependent on him, \"in Avhom we live and move and have our being.\" — Acts xvii. 28; Neh. ix. 6; Col. i. 1(3; Eev. iv. 11; Kom. xi. 36; 1 Cor. viii. 6. Now it is evident that if the essences and primordial princi- ples of all things are not immediately created by God out of nothing, but are eternally self-existent independently of him, then he, in his offices of Creator and Providential governor of all things, must be conditioned and limited by the pre-existing essential properties and powers of those primordial elements. In Avhich case God would not be absolute Sovereign, nor the things made absolutely dependent upon his will. 2d. In all those passages which teach that the kosmos, the \"all things\" had a beginning. — Ps. xc. 2; John xvii. 5, 24. 10. Whcd arguments derived from reason and consciousness, and from the elementary constitution of mcdter, may be adduced in proof of absolute creation ? 1st. This doctrine alone is consistent with the feeling of absolute dependence of the creature upon the Creator, which is inherent in every heart, and which is inculcated in all the teach- ings of the Scriptures. It could not be said that \"he upholds all things by the word of his power,\" nor that \"we live and move and have our being in him,\" unless he be absolutely the Creator as well as the Former of all things. 2d. It is manifest from the testimony of consciousness: (1.) That our souls are distinct individual entities, and not parts or particles of God; (2.) that they are not eternal. It follows consequently that they were created. And if the crea- tion of the spirits of men ex nihilo be once admitted, t/here remains no special difficulty with respect to the absolute crea- tion of matter. 3d. Although the absolute origination of any new existence out of nothing is to us confessedly inconceivable, it is not one whit more so than the relation of the infinite foreknowledge, or foreordination, or providential control of God to the free agency of men, nor than many other truths which we are all forced to believe. 4th. After having a(hnitted the necessary self-existence of an infinitely wise and powerful personal Spirit, whose exist- ence, upon the hypothesis of his possessing the power of abso- lute creation, is sufficient to account for all the phenomena of . SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE. 241 the universe, it is unphilosophical gratuitously to multiply causes by supposing the independent, eternal self-existence of matter also. 5th. When the physical philosopher has analyzed matter to its ultimate atoms, and determined their essential primary properties, he finds in them as strong evidence of a powerful antecedent cause, and of a wisely designing mind, as he does in the most complex organizations of nature; for what are the ultimate properties of matter but the elementary constituents of the universal laws of nature, and the ultimate conditions of all phenomena. If design discovered in the constitution of the universe as finished proves a divine Former, by equal right must the same design discovered in the elementary constitution of matter prove a divine Creator. Atoms were asserted by Sir John Herschell to have all the appearance of \"a manufactured article,\" on account of their uniformity. \"Whether or not the conception of a multitude of beings existing from all eternity is in itself self-contradictory, the con- ception becomes palpably absurd when we attribute a relation of quantitive equality to all those beings. We are then forced to look beyond them to some common cause, or common origin, to explain why this singular relation of equality exists . . . We have reached the utmost limit of our thinking faculties when we have admitted that because matter can not be eternal and self-existent it must have been created.\" — Prof J. Clerk- Maxwell in Art. Atom, \" Encj^clo. Britannica,\" 9th ed. 11. State and refute the objection to this doctrine based upon the axiom, \" Ex nihilo nihil fit.\" It is objected that it is an original and self-evident princi- ple of reason, that only nothing can come from notliing. We answer that this statement is indefinite. If it is meant that no new thing, nor any change in a previously existing thing, can begin to be without an adequate cause, we aiiswer that it is true, but does not apply to the case in hand. Our doctrine is not that the universe came into being without an adequate cause, but that the essences as well as the forms of all things had a beginning in time, and their cause exists only in the will of God. The infinite power inherent in a self-existent Spirit is precisely the Cause to which we refer the absolute origination of all things. But if it is meant by the above objection that this infinite God has not power to create new entities, then the principle is simply false and not self-evident; it bears not one of the marks of a valid intuition — neither self-evidence, neces- sity, nor universality. 16 242 THE CREATION OE THE WORLD. 12. State and refute the position of some loho maintain on moral grounds the self-existence of matter. Those among theistic thinkers who have been tempted to regai'd matter as eternal and self-existent, have been influenced by the vain hope of explaining thereby the existence of moral evil in consistency with the holiness of God. They would refer all the phenomena of sin to an essentially evil principle inher- ent in matter, and would justify (if)d by maintaining that he has done all that in him lay to limit that evil. Now, besides the inconsistency of this theory's attempt to vindicate the holi- ness of God at the expense of his independence, it proceeds upon absurd principles, as appears from the following consid- erations: (1.) iMoral evil is in its essence an attribute of spirit. To reler it to a material origin must logically lead to the grossest materialism. (2.) The entire Christian system of relig- ion, and the example of Christ, is in opposition to that asceti- cism and \"neglecting of the body\" (Col. ii. 23), which neces- sarily springs from the view that matter is the ground of sin. (3.) When God created the material universe he pronounced his works \"very good.\" (4.) The second Person of the holy Trinity assumed a real material body into personal union with himself (5.) The material creation, now \"made subject to vanity \" through man's sin, is to be renovated and made the tempie in which the God-man shall dwell forever. — See below, Chap. XXXIX., Question 17. (G.) The work of Christ in deliv- ering his people from their sin does not contemplate the renun- ciation of the material part of our natures, but OTir bodies, which are now \"the members of Christ,\" and the \"temples of the Holy Ghost,\" are at the resurrection to be transformed into the like- ness of his glorified body. Yet nothing could be more absurd than to argue that the daijica Tcvev/nocriHov is not as literally material as the present dc^iia ipvxiHov. (7.) If the cause of evil is essentially inherent in matter, and if its past developments have occurred in spite of God's efforts to limit it, wdiat certain ground of confidence can any of us have for the future. 13. Prove that the icork of creation is in Scrij^ture attributed to God absolutely, i. e., to each of the three ^persons of the Trinity co-ordinately, and not to either as his special personal function. 1st. To the Godhead absolutely.— Gen. i. 1, 26. 2d. To the Father, 1 Cor. viii. 6. 3d. To the Son.— John i. 3; Col. i. 16, 17. 4th. To the Holy Spirit.— Gen. i. 2; Job xxvi. 13; Ps. civ. 30.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "80", "sort_key": 80, "group": "Chapter XII", "question": "Hoiv  can  it  be  proved  that  no  creature  can  create  ?", "answer": "1st. From the nature of the work. It appears to us that THE CHIEF END OF GOD IN CREATION. 243 tlie work of absolute creation ex nUtilo is an infinite exercise of power. It is to us inconceivable because infinite, and it can belong, therefore, only to that Being who, for the same reason, is incomprehensible. 2(1. The Scriptures distinguish Jehovah from all creatures, and from false gods, and estabhsh his sover- eignt}^ and rights as the true God by the fact that he is the Creator, Is. xxxvii. 16; xl. 12, 13; liv. 5; Ps. xcvi. 5; Jer. x. 11, 12. 3d. If it were admitted that a creature could create, then the works of creation would never avail to lead the creature to an infallible knowledge that his creator was the eternal and self- existent God. 15. Why is it important for us to kno2V, if such hioidedge he ^Mssihle, lohat God's chief end in creation loas? This is not a question of vain curiosity. It is evident, since God is eternal, immutable, and of absolutely perfect intelli- gence, that the great end or ultimate purpose for which he at the beginning created all things must have been kept in view unchangeably in all his works, and so all his works must be more directly or remotely a means to that end. Now our minds are so constituted that we can understand a system only when we understand its ultimate purpose or end. Thus we can comprehend the parts of a watch or steam engine, and their relations and functions, only after we understand the end or purpose which the entire watch or engine was intended to serve. And although God has hid from us many of his subor- dinate purposes, we believe that he has revealed to us that great ultimate design, without a glimpse of which the true character of his general administration ^never could be in any degree com- prehended. None can deny that if he has revealed his ultimate purpose in creation, that it must be a matter to us of the very highest importance. It is self-evident that loe can not rise to so high a generali- zation as this by any process of induction from what we know or can know of his works. Our conclusion on this subject must therefore be drawn, in the first instance at least, entirely from what we know of God's attributes and from the explicit teach- ings of his word. 16. What is the meaning of the term Theodicy, and, hy ivlum was this department of speculative theology in the first instance formally explored ? The term Theodicy {peoi Siurf) signifies a speculative justifi- cation of the ways of God towards the human race, especially as respects the origin of evil, and the moral government of the world. It was first exalted into a department of theological 244 THE CREATION OF THE WORLD. science by the great German philosopher Leibnitz, in his great work entitled \"Theodicy, or the Goodness of God, the Liberty of Man, and the Origin of Evil,\" a. d. 1710. 17. What view as to the end of God in creation did Leihiitz advocate, and hy ivhom has he heenfollotoed? Leibnitz held that all moral excellence can be resolved into benevolence, and that the grand, all-comprehending pnrpose of God in the creation of the universe, and in his preservation and government thereof, is the promotion of the happiness of his creatures. Hence he concludes that God has chosen the best possible system to attain that end in the largest possible degree. This is the system of Optimism. This view has prevailed largely among the New England theologians, in connection with the prevalent theory Avhich regards all virtue as consisting in disinterested benevolence. The objections to this view are — 1st. All virtue does not consist in disinterested benevolence. — See above, Chapter VI II., Ques. 61. And happiness is not the highest good. 2d. It sub- ordinates the Creator to the creature, the greater to the less, as the means to an end. When God from eternity formed the purpose to create, no creatures existed to be made happy or miserable. The motive to create therefore could not have orig- inated in the non-existent, and could have its origin and object only in the divine being himself 3d. The Scriptures (see next question) never either directly or indirectly intimate that any thing in the creature is the chief end of God, nor do they ever propose any personal or public good of the creature as the chief end of the creature himself 18. State the true view and quote the statements of the Confession of Faith ? The true view is that the great end of God in creation was his own glory. Glory is manifested excellence. The excellence of his attributes are manifested by their exercise. This end therefore was not the increase either of his excellence or bless- edness, but their manifestation ad extra. \"It pleased God, the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, /or the manifestation of the (jlory of his eternal poicer., wi><dom, and good- ness, in the begiiniing to create or make of nothing the world, and all things therein, whether visible or invisible, in the space of six days, and all very good.\" — \" Conf Faith,\" Ch. iy., § 1. The same is affirmed to be the chief end of God in all his pur- poses and works of Providence and Redemption. — Ch. iii. § 3, THE MOSAIC RECORD OF CREATION. 245 5, 7, and Cli. v. § 1; Ch. vi. § 1; Ch. xxxiii. § 2; \"Larger Cat,\" Qs. 12 and 18; \" S. Cat.,\" Qs. 7. 19. State from reason and Scri2:)ture the arguments ivhich sus- tain this view. Ist. Since God formed the purpose to create before any crea- ture existed, it is evident that the motive to create must have its source and object in the pre-existing Creator and not in the non-existing creature. The absolute Creator can not be subordinated to nor conditioned upon the finite and depend- ent creature. 2d. Since God himself is infinitely worthier than the sum of all creatures, it follows that the manifestation of his own excellence is infinitely a higher and worthier end than the hap- piness of the creatures, indeed tlie highest and worthiest end conceivable. 3d. Nothing can so exalt and bless the creature as his being made thus the instrument and the witness of the infinite Crea- tor's glory, hence the proposing that glory as the \" chief end \" of the creation is the best security for the creature's advance in excellence and blessedness. 4th. The Scriptures explicitly assert that this is the chief end of God in creation (Col. i. IG; Prov. xvi. 4), and of things as created. — Rev. iv. 11; Rom. xi. 36. 5th. They teach that the same is the chief end of God in his eternal decrees. — Eph. i. 5, 6, 12. 6th. Also of God's providential and gracious governing and disposing of his creatures. — Rom. ix. 17, 22, 23; Eph. iii. 10. 7th. It is made the duty of all moral agents to adopt the same as their personal end in all things. — 1 Cor. x. 31 ; 1 Pet. iv. 11. 20. What is the present attitude of Geological science in relation to the Blosaic Record of creation? The results of modern geological science clearly establish the conchisions — (a.) That the elementary materials of which the world is composed existed an indefinitely great number of ages ago. {h.) That the world has been providentially brought to its present state by a gradual progression, through many widely contrasted ph^'sical conditions, and through long inter- vals of time, (c.) That it has successively been inhabited by many diff\"erent orders of organized beings, each in turn adapted to the physical conditions of the globe in its successive stages, and generally marked in each stage by an advancing scale of organization, from the more elementary to the more complex and more perfect forms, {d.) That man completes the pyramid 24G THE CREATION OF THE WORLD. of creation, tlie most perfect, and the last formed of all the in- habitants of the world. The only difficulty in adjusting these results \"with the INIosaic Record of creation is found in matters of detail, in which the true sense of the inspired record is ob- scure, and the conclusions of the science are innnature. There- fore all such detailed adjustments as that attempted by Hugh Miller in his \"Testimony of the Rocks\" have failed. As to the relation of the findings of science with respect to the an- tiquity of man to Biblical Chronology see beloAv, Chapter XVI. In general, however, there is a most remarkable agreement be- tween the Mosaic Record and the results of Geology as to the following principal points. The Record agrees with the science in teaching — (a.) The creation of the elements in the remote past, (i.) The intermediate existence of chaos, (c.) The ad- vance of the earth through various changes to its present physical condition, {d,.') The successive creations of different genera and species of organized beings — the vegetable before the animal — the lower forms before the higher forms — in adap- tation to the improving condition of the eartli — and man last of all. If we remember when and where and for what purpose this Record was produced, and compare it with all other ancient or medieval cosmogonies, this wonderful agreement with the last results of modern science will be felt to contribute essentially to the evidences of its divine origin. It is certainly, even when read subject to the most searching modern criticism, seen to be amply sufficient for the end intended, as a general introduction to the history of Redemption, which although rooted in creation is henceforward carried on as a system of supernatural revelations and influences. 21. State the several princqjles winch should always he horve in mind in considering questions involving an apparent conflict of science and revelation. 1st. God's wotks and God's word are equally revelations from him. They are consequently both alike true, and both alike sacred, and to be treated with reverence. It is absolutely impossible that when they are both adequately interpreted they can come into conflict. Jealousy on either part, is treason to the Author and Lord of both. 2d. Science, or the interpretation of God's works, is there- fore a legitimate and obligatory department of human study. It has its rights which must be respected, and its duties which it must observe. It is the right of every science to 2:mrsue the investigation of its own branch according to its own legitimate methods. We can not require of the chemist that he should RELATION OF SCIENCE AND REVELATION. 247 pursue the methods of the philologist, nor of the geologist that he should go to history, either profane or sacred, for his facts. It is the duty of the students of every science to keep within its province, to recognize the fact that it is only one depart- ment of the vast empire of truth, and to respect alike all orders of truth, historical and inspired as well as scientihc; mental and spiritual, as well as material. 3d. It follows as a practical consequence from the narrow- ness of the human faculties, that men confined to particular branches of inquiry acquire special habits of thought, and as- sociations of ideas peculiar to their line, by which they are apt to measure and judge the whole world of truth. Thus the man of science misinterprets and then becomes jealous of the theo- logian, and the theologian misinterprets and becomes jealous of the man of science. This is narrowness, not superior knowl- edge; weakness, not strength. 4th. Science is only the human interpretation of God's works, it is always imperfect and m.akes many mistakes. Biblical in- terpreters are also liable to mistakes and should never assert the absolute identity of their interpretations of the Bible with the mind of God. 5th. All sciences in their crude condition have been thought to be in conflict with Scripture. But as they have approached perfection, they have been all found to be perfectly consistent with it. Sometimes it is the science which is amended into harmony with the views of the theologian. Sometimes it is the views of the theologian which are amended into harmony with perfected and demonstrated science, e. ^., the instance of the universal and now grateful acceptance by the church of the once abhorred Copernican s^'stem. 6th. In the case of many sciences, as eminently of Geology, the time has not yet come to attempt an adjustment between their conclusions and revelation. Like contemporaneous his- tory in its relation to prophecy. Geology in its relation to the Mosaic Record of creation is in transitu. 'Its conclusions are not yet mature. When geologists are all agreed among them- selves, when all the accessible tacts of the science are observed, analyzed, and classified, and when Generalization has doue its perfect work, and when all of its results are finished and finally fixed as part of the intellectual heritage of man forever, then the adjustment between science and revelation will stand self- revealed, and science will be seen to support and illustrate, instead of oppose, the written word of God. 7. There are hence two opposite tendencies which equally damage the cause of religion, and manifest the weakness of the faith of its professed friends. Thejirst is the weak accept- 248 THE CREATION OF THE WORLD. ance of every hostile conclusion of scientific speculators as certainly true; the constant confession of the inferiority of the light of revelation to the light of nature, and of the certainty of tlie conclusions of Biblical exegesis and Christian theology to that of the results of modern science; the constant attempt to accommodate the interpretation of the Bible, like a nose of wax, to every new phase assumed by the current interpretations of nature. The second and opposite extreme is that of jealously suspecting all the findings of science as probable offences against the dignity of revelation, and of impatiently attacking even those passing phases of imperfect science which for the time appear to be inconsistent with our own opinions. Stand- ing upon the rock of divine truth. Christians need not fear, and can well afford to await the result. Perfect faith, as well as perfect love, casteth out all fear. All things are ours, whether the natural or the supernatural, whether science or revelation. — See Isaac Taylor's \"Restoration of Belief,\" pp. 9, 10.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "81", "sort_key": 81, "group": "Chapter XIII", "question": "What  were  the  cherubim  ?", "answer": "\"They were ideal creatures, compounded of four parts, those namely, of a man, an ox, a lion, and an eagle.\" \" The predomi- nant appearance was that of a man, but the number of faces, feet, and hands differed according to circumstances.\" — Ezek. i. G, compare with Ezek. xli. 18, 19, and Ex. xxv. 20. To the same ideal beings is applied the designation \" living 250 ANGELS. creatures\" (Ezek. i. 5-22; x. 15, 17; Rev. iv. 6-9; v. 6-14; vi. 1-7; vii. 11; xiv. 3; xv. 7; xix. 4), rendered in our version \"beasts.\" \"They were symholical of the highest properties of creature life, and of these as the outgoings and manifestation of the divine life; but they were fypical of redeemed and glorified manhood, or prophetical representations of it, as that in which these properties were to be combined and exhibited. \"They were appointed immediately after the fall to man's original place in the garden, and to his office in connection with the tree of life.\" — Gen iii. 24. \"The other and more common connection in which the cherub appears is with the throne or pecidiar dwelling-place of God. In tiie holy of holies in the tabernacle, Ex. xxv. 22, he was called the God who dwelleth between and sitteth upon the cherubim, 1 Sam. iv. 4; Ps. Ixxx. 1; Ezek. i. 26, 28; whose glory is above the cherubim. In Rev. iv. 6, we read of the living creatures who were in the midst of the throne and around about it.\" \"What does this bespeak but the wonderful fact brought out in the history of redemption, that man's nature is to be exalted to the dwelling-place of the Godhead? In Christ it is taken, so to speak, into the very bosom of the Deity; and because it is so highly honored in him, it shall attain to more than angelic glory in his members.\" — Fairbairn's \"Typology,\" Pt. II., Chapter i., Section 3. See also \"Imperial Bible Dic- tionary,\" Art. Cherubim. 4. What is the^etymology of the word serajohim, and lohat is taught in Scripture concerning them ? The word signifies burning, bright, dazzling. It occurs in the Bible only once. — Isa. vi. 2, 6. It probably presents, under a difierent aspect, the ideal beings commonly designated cheru- bim and living creatures. 5. Is there any evidence that angels are of various orders and ranks ? That such distinctions certainly exist appears evident — 1st. From the language of Scripture. Gabriel is distinguished as one that stands in the presence of God (Luke i. 19), evi- dently ill some y)re-eminent sense; and Michael as one of the chief princes. — Dan. x. 13. Observe also the epithets archangel, thrones, dominions, principalities, powers. — Jude 9; Eph. i. 21. 2d. From the analogy of the fallen angels. — See Eph. ii. 2 ; Matt, ix. 34. 3d. From the analogy of human society and of the THEIR NUMBER, POWER, AND EMPLOYMENTS. 251 universal creation. Throughout all God's works gradation of rank prevails. 6. Bo the Sa-iptures speak of more than oiie archangel, and is he to be considered a creature? This term occurs but twice in the New Testament, and in both instances it is used in the singular number, and preceded by the definite article o. — 1 Thes. iv. 16; Jude 9. Thus tlie term is evidently restricted to one person, called, Jude 9, Michael, who, in Dan. x. 13, and xii. 1, is called \"one of the chief princes,\" and \"the great prince,\" and in Rev. xii. 7, is said to have fought with his angels against the dragon and his angels. Many suppose that the archangel is the Son of God. Others suppose that he is one of the highest class of creatures, since he is called ''one of the chief princes\" Dan. x. 13; and since divine attributes are never ascribed to him. 7. What do the Scriptures teach concerning the number and power of angels ? 1st. Concerning their number, revelation determines only that it is very great. \"Thousand thousands, and ten thousand times ten thousand.\" — Dan. vii. 10. \"More than twelve legions of angels.\" — ]\\Iatt. xxvi. 53. \"Multitude of the heavenly host.\" Luke ii. 13. \" iAIyriads of angels.\" — Heb. xii. 22. 2d. Concerning their power, the Scriptures teach that it is very great when exercised both in the material and in the spir- itual worlds. They are called \"mighty angels,\" and are said to \"excel in strength?' — 2 Thess. i. 7; Ps. ciii. 20; 2 Kings xix. 35. Their power, however, is not creative, but, like that of man, it can be exercised only co-ordinately with the general laws of nature, in the absolute sense of that word.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "82", "sort_key": 82, "group": "Chapter XIII", "question": "What  are  their  employments  ?", "answer": "1st. They behold the face of God in heaven, adore the divine perfections, study every revelation he makes of himself in prov- idence and redemption, and are perfectly blessed in his presence and service. — Matt, xviii. 10; Rev. v. 11; 1 Pet. i. 12. 2d. God employs them as his instruments in administer- ing the affairs of his providence. — Gen. xxviii. 12; Dan. x. 13. (1.) The law \"was ordained by angels.\" — Gal. iii. 19; Acts vii. 53; Heb. ii. 2. (2.) They are instruments of good to God's people. — Heb. i. 14; Acts'^xii. 7; Ps. xci. 10-12. (3.) They ex- ecute judgment upon God's enemies. — Acts xii. 23; 2 Kings xix. 35; 1 Chron. xxi. 16. (4.) They will officiate in the final judgment, in separating the good from the bad, in gathering 252 ANGELS. the elect, and in bearing them up to meet the Lord in the air. ]\\Iatt. xiii. 30, 39; xxiv. 31; 1 Thess. iv. 17. 9. Have angels bodies, and Jioiv are the appai^itions of angels to he accounted for ? Angels are called in the Scriptures \"spirits\" {TtvEvnara), Heb. i. 14, a word which is also used to designate the souls of men when separate from the body. — 1 Pet. iii. 19. There is however nothing in that word, nor in the opinions of the Jews at the time of Christ, nor in any thing which is told us of the nature or the employments of angels in the Scriptures, which prove that angels are absolutely destitute of proper material bodies of any kiiKl. Indeed as the Son of God is to have \"a glorious body,\" \"a spiritual body\" forever, and since all the redeemed are to have bodies like his, and since the angels are associated with redeemed men as members of the same infi- nitely exalted kingdom, it may appear probable that angels may have been created with physical organizations not alto- gether dissimilar to the \"spiritual bodies\" of the redeemed. They always appeared and spoke to men in Bible times in the bodily form of men, and as such they ate food and lodged in houses like common men. — Gen. xviii. 8 and xix. 3. It has hence been supposed by some that angels have bodies like the present \" natural \" or animal bodies of men (6c3f.ia jpvxiHov), 1 Cor. XV. 44, of flesh, bones, and blood, of head and features, hands and feet, and that the apparition of an angel involved no change in him, but only a coming within the sphere of the sense perception of the observer, when the angel appeared just as he habitually is. Now this is inconsistent with the facts of the inspired rec- ord. In certain situations the angels \"appeared\" precisely like common men, and in other situations they acted very difierently (Acts xii. 7-10; Num. xxii. 31), in passing through stone walls, appearing and disappearing at will, etc. Besides, one of the three men who appeared to Abraham at Mamre, and wliose feet he washed, and who ate the meat he had prepared, was Jehovah, the second Person of the Trinity, who had no body till he acquired it many centuries afterwards in the womb of tlie Virgin. If the apparent Innnan body of the one angel was not a real, permanent human body, tliere is nt)t ground to argue from the recorded phenomena tiiat the others were. — Gen. xviii. 1-33. Besides this, the theory in question indicates absurd confu- sion of thought. The animal human body, as we know it, is a phj'sical organization in equilibrimn with certain definite and nicely adjusted physical conditions, and it can exist only under THE WORSHIP OF ANGELS. 253 those conditions. The vertebrate type, of Avhich the hnman body is the highest form, has been continnally changed as the physical conditions of the globe have changed, and it ceases always to exist whenever those conditions are changed in any decided degree. If it would be absurd to conceive of a human body existing in water, or in fire, how much more absurd is it to conceive of a warm-blooded, food-consinning animal existing indifferently on earth and in heaven; traversing at Avill the interstellar spaces, and as a true cosmopolite inhabiting alter- nately and indifferently all Avorlds, and all elements, ether, air and water, and all temperatures, from the molten sun to the absolue zero of the starless void. The bodily appearance of angels, therefore, must have been something new assumed, or something pre-existent and perma- nent greatly modified for the purpose of enabling them to hold, upon occasion, profitable intercourse with men. 10. What is the Romish doctrine ami practice ivith regard to the ivorship of angels? \"Catechismus Romanus,\" iii. 2, 9, 10. — \"For the Holy Spirit who says, Honor and glory unto the only God (1 Tim. i. 17), com- mands us also to honor our parents and elders (Lev. xix. 32, etc.) ; and the holy men who worshipped one God only are also said in the sacred Scriptures to have adored (Gen. xxiii. 7, 12, etc.), that is, to have suppliantly venerated, kings. If then kings, by whose agency God governs the world, are treated with so high an honor, shall we not give to the angelic spirits an honor greater in proportion as these blessed minds exceed kings in dignity ; [to those angelic spirits] whom God has been pleased to constitute his ministers; whose services he makes use of, not only in the government of the Church, but also of the rest of the universe; by whose aid, although we see them not, we are daily delivered from the greatest dangers both of soul and body? Add to this the charity with which they love us, through which, as Scripture informs us, they pour out their prayers for those countries (Dan. ii. 13) over which they are placed by Providence, and for those too, no doubt, whose guardians they are, for they present our prayers and tears before the throne of God (Job iii. 25; xii. 12; Rev. viii. 3). Hence our Lord has taught us in the gospel not to scandalize the little ones, because in heaven their angels do always heliold the face of his Father ivhich is in heaven. \"Their intercession, therefore, we must invoke, because they always behold God, and receive from him the most willing ad- vocacy of our salvation. To this, their invocation, tlie sacred Scriptures bear testimony. — Gen. xlviii. 15, 16.\" 254 ANGELS. 11. Wlxat views have been entertained with respect to \"Guar- dian Angels\"? \" It was a favorite opinion of the Christian Fathers that every individual is under tlie care of a particular angel, who is assigned to him as a guardian. They spoke also of two angels, — the one good, the other evil, — whom they conceived to be attendant on each individual: the good angel prompting to all good, and averting ill; and the evil angel prompting to all ill, and averting good (Hermas xi. 6). The Jews (except- ing the Sadducees) entertained this belief, as do the Moslems. The heathen held it in a modified form — the Greeks having their tutelary daamon, and the Romans their genius. There is however nothing to support this notion in the Bible. The passages usually referred to for its support (Ps. xxxiv. 7 ; Matt, xviii. 10), have assuredly no such meaning. The former sim- ply denotes that God employs the ministry of angels to deliver his people from affliction and danger; and the celebrated pas- sage in Matthew means that the infant children of believers, or the least among the disciples of Christ, whom the ministers of the church might be disposed to neglect, are in such esti- mation elsewhere, that angels do not think it below their dignit}^ to minister unto them.\" Nothing is said of the per- sonal assignment of angels to individual men. — Kitto's \"Bib. Encyclo.\" 12. What are the names by ivhich Satan is distinguished, and what is their import ? Satan, which signifies adversary, Luke x. 18. The Devil (SidfJoXoi always occurs in the singular) signifying slanderer. Rev. XX. 2; Apollyon, which means destroj^er, and Abbadon, Rev. ix. 11; Beelzebub, the prince of devils, from the god of the Ekronites, chief among the heathen divinities, all of which the Jews regarded as devils, 2 Kings i. 2; Matt xii. 24; Angel of the Bottomless Pit, Rev. ix. 11; Prince of the World, John xii. 31 ; Prince of Darkness, Eph. vi. 12 ; A Roaring Lion, 1 Pet. V. 8; a Sinner from the Beginning, 1 John iii. 8; Accuser, Rev. xii. 10 ; Belial, 2 Cor. vi. 15 ; Deceiver, Rev. xx. 10 ; Dragon, Rev. xii. 7; Liar and Mvuxlerer, John viii. 44; Leviathan, Is. xxvii. 1; Lucifer, Is. xiv. 12; Serpent, Is. xxvii. 1; Tormentor, IMatt. xviii. 34; God of this World, 2 Cor. iv. 4; he that hath the Power of Death, Heb. ii. 14. — See Cruden's \"Concordance.\" 13. Hoiv mny it he proved that Satan is a personal being, and not a mere person ijication of evil? Throughout all the various books of Scripture Satan is WICKED ANGELS. 255 always consistently spoken of as a person, and personal at- tributes are predicated of him. Such passages as Matt. iv. 1-11, and John viii. 44, are decisive. 14. Wliat do the Scrijjfures teach concerning the relation of Satan to other evil SjMrifs and to our ivorld? Other evil spirits are called \" his angels,\" Matt. xxv. 41 ; and he is called \"Prince of Devils,\" Matt. ix. 34; and \"Prince of the powers of the Air,\" and \" Prince of Darkness,\" Eph. vi. 12. This indicates that he is the master spirit of evil. His relation to this world is indicated by the history of the Fall, 2 Cor. xi. 3 ; Eev. xii. 9, and by such expressions as \" God of this World,\" 2 Cor. iv. 4; and \"Spirit that worketh in the children of disobedience,\" p]ph. ii. 2; wicked men are said to be his children, 1 John iii. 10; he blinds tlie minds of those that believe not and leads them captive at his will, 2 Tim. ii. 26; he also pains, harasses, and tempts God's true people as far as is permitted for their ultimate good. — Luke xxii. 31 ; 2 Cor. xii. 7 ; 1 Thess. ii. 18.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "83", "sort_key": 83, "group": "Chapter XIII", "question": "What  are  the  terms  hij  tvhich  fallen  spirits  are  designated?", "answer": "The Greek word 6 SidfioXoi, the devil, is in the original ap- plied only to Beelzebub. Other evil spirits are called dcx/jnorsi, deemons, ]\\lark v. 12 (translated devils); unclean spirits, INIark V. 13; angels of the devil. Matt. xxv. 41; principalities, powers, rulers of the darkness of this world, Eph. vi. 12; angels tliat sinned, 2 Pet. ii. 4; angels that kept not their first estate, but left their own habitation, Jude vi. ; lying spirits, 2 Chron. xviii. 22. 16. What poiver or agency over the bodies and souls of men is ascribed to them ? Satan, like all other finite beings, can only be in one place at a time; yet all that is done by his agents being attributed to him, he appears to be practically ubiquitous. It is certain that at times at least they have exercised an inexplicable influence over the bodies of men, yet that influence is entirely subject to God's control. — Job ii. 7; Luke xiii. 16; Acts X. 38. They have caused and aggravated diseases, and excited appetites and passions. — 1 Cor. v. 5. Satan, in some sense, has the power of death. — Heb. ii. 14. With respect to the souls of men, Satan and his angels are utterly destitute of any power either to change the heart or to coerce the will, their influence being simply moral, and exer- cised in the way of deception, suggestion, and persuasion. The descriptive phrases applied by the Scriptures to their working 256 ANGELS. are such as — \"the deceivahleness of imrighteousness,\" \"power, signs, lying wonders,\" 2 Thess. ii. 9, 10; he \"transforms him- self into an angel of light.\" — 2 Cor. xi. 14. If he can deceive or persuade he uses \"wiles,\" Eph. vi. 11; \"snares,\" 1 Tim. iii. 7; \"depths,\" Kev. ii. 24; he \"blinds the mind,\" 2 Cor. iv. 4; \"leads captive the will,\" 2 Tim. ii. 26; and so \"deceives the whole world.\" — Rev. xii. 9. If he can not persuade he uses \"fiery- darts,\" Eph. vi. 16; and \"buffetings.\" — 2 Cor. xii. 7. As examples of his influence in tempting men to sin the Scriptures cite the case of Adam, Gen iii. ; of David, 1 Chron. xxi. 1; of Judas, Luke xxii. 3; Ananias and Sapphira, Acts v. 3, and the temptation of our blessed Lord, Matt. iv.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "84", "sort_key": 84, "group": "Chapter XIII", "question": "What  evidence  is  tliere  that  the  heathen  u'orsJiip  devils?", "answer": "\"The daif-ioov is the object of their worship, dsidiSaiucovia describes their worship itself, and 8Et6idaiixoov the worshipper.\" Paul (Acts xvii. 22) declared that the men of Athens were 8Ei6idaii.iov£6T£povi, i. e., too much addicted to demon-woi'ship. David says (Ps. cvi. 37), \"The gods of the heathen are demons,\" and Paul (1 Cor. x. 20), \"The things which the Gentiles sacri- fice, they sacrifice to demons and not to God.\" Moses said of apostate Israelites (Deut. xxxii. 17), \"They sacrificed to demons and not to God, to gods Avhom they knew not; to ncAV gods that came newly up; whom your fathers feared not.\" — \"The Imperial Bible Dictionary.\" 18. Where do they reside, and what is the true interpretation of Eph. ii. 2, and vi. 12 ? These passages simply declare that evil spirits belong to the unseen spiritual world, and not to our mundane sj^stem. Noth- ing is taught us in Scripture as to ther place of their residence, further than that they originally dwelt in and fell from heaven, that they now have access to men on earth, and that they Avill be finally sealed up in the lake of fire prepared for them. — Eev. XX. 10; Matt. xxv. 41.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "85", "sort_key": 85, "group": "Chapter XIII", "question": "By  ivhat  terms  ivere  those  possessed  by  evil  spirits  designated?", "answer": "They are called \"demoniacs,\" translated |)osse§ser? ivith devils, Matt. iv. 24; \"having the spirit of an unclean devil,\" Luke iv. 33; \"oppressed of the devil,\" Acts x. 38; \"lunatics,\" JMatt. xvii. 15. 20. What arguments are urged by those ivho regard the de- moniacs mentioned in the Neiv Testament as simjjly diseased or deranged ? That we can not discriminate between the effects of demoni- DEMONIACAL POSSESSION. 257 acal possession and disease. That precisely the same symptoms have, in other cases, been treated as disease and cured. Tliat, hke witchcraft, the experience of such possessions has been confined to the most ignorant ages of the world. They argue further that this doctrine is inconsistent with clearly revealed principles. 1st. That the souls of dead men go immediately either to heaven or hell. 2d. That fallen angels are already shut up in chains and darkness in expectation of the final judgment. — 2 Pet. ii. 4; Jude 6. They attempt to explain away the language of Christ and his apostles upon this subject by affirming, that as it Avas no part of their design to instruct men in the true science of nature or disease, they conformed their language on such subjects to the prevalent opinions of the people they addressed, calling diseases by the popular name, without intending thereby to countenance the theory of tlie nature of the disease, out of which the name originated. Just as we now call crazed peo- ple \" lunatics,\" without believing in the influence of the moon upon them. — \"Kitto's Bib. Ency.\" 21. How may it be proved that the demoniacs of the New Testa- ment luere really possessed of evil spirits ? The simple narratives of all the evangelists put it beyond peradventure that Christ and his apostles did believe, and wished others to believe, that the demoniacs were really pos- sessed with devils. They distinguish between possession and disease. — Mark i. 32; Luke vi. 17, 18. The \"deemons,\" as distinct from the \"possessed,\" spoke (Mark. v. 12), were addressed, commanded, and rebuked by Christ.— Mark i. 25, 34; ix. 25; Matt. viii. 32; xvii. 18. Their desires, reqtiests, and passions are distinguished from those of the possessed. — Matt. viii. 31 ; Mark ix. 26, etc. The number of daemons in one person is mentioned. — Mark xvi. 9. They went out of the \"possessed\" into the swine. — Luke viii. 32. We never speak of the moon entering into, and sore vexing a man, or being cast out of a lunatic, or of the moon crying aloud, etc. The argument of those who w^ould explain away the force of Christ's language on this subject, therefore fails.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "86", "sort_key": 86, "group": "Chapter XIV", "question": "How  are  miracles  designated  in  the  New  Testament  ?", "answer": "They are called — (1) rspara, wonders, Acts ii. 19; (2) Srva- l-iEii, works of superhuman power, and (3) 6rjnti<x, signs, John ii. 18, INlatt. xii. 38. The last designation expresses their true office. I They are designed to be \"signs\" incapable of being counterfeited, of God's commission and authentication of a religious teacher and of his doctrine, l 39. Hoiv then is a miracle, in the Scrij^tural sense of that tvord, to he defined, so as to signalize its specific distinction from supernat- ural events in genercd, and from extraordinary Providences, as above explained ? A miracle is (1) an event occurring in the physical world, capable of being discerned and discriminated by the bodily senses of human witnesses, (2) of such a character that it can be rationally referred to no other cause than the immediate volition of God, (3) accompanying a religious teacher, and designed to authenticate his divine commission and the truth of his message. 40. State and ansicer the a priori objection to the possibility of miracles, that they essentially involve the violcdion of the laws of nature. It is maintained that all experience, and the integrity of human reason, unite in guaranteeing the absolute inviolability of the law of continuity — that every possible event finds its full explanation in adequate causes which precede it, and that every event in its turn causes endless consequences to succeed it. No event can be isolated from its antecedents and conse- quences, nor from its conditions, and every cause acts accord- ing to an intelligible law of its nature. This is all true, and as true of miracles as of any other events. If by \" law of nature \" Ave mean the physical forces which produce effects, then no miracle involves any suspension or violation of such law. It is a common experience that forces 276 PROVIDENCE. modify each other, and each added force combines with others in producing effects otherwise impossible. If by \" law of na- ture \" Ave mean the ordinary course of events observed in nature, then a miracle is, by definition, a signal suspension of that order. But the same thing is brought about every day by the inter- vention in nature of the intelligent Avills of men. In every physical event there are a combination of con- causes combining to effect it. The human will in acting violates no law, and annihilates no force, it simply combines natural forces under special conditions, and interpolates into the smn of concauses a new concause — the human volition. AVhen the sons of the prophets \" cut down a stick and cast it into the water and the iron of the axe-head did swim \" (2 Kings vi. 6), neither the specific gravities of the iron nor of the water were altered, nor was the law of gravitation sus- pended. The miracle consisted only in a divine volition in- terpolating a new transient force, equal to the excess of the specific gravity of the iron over that of the water, and acting in a directioii opposite to that of gravity. This is precisely analogous to the action of the human will upon physical oljjects — with this exception — man's will acts upon outward objects only indirectly through the mechanism of his body, and directly only upon his voluntary muscles; while God's will acts directly upon every element of the world he has created. And what is true in this simple miracle could be shown to be true in the most complex ones, such as the raising of Lazarus, if we knew enough of the chemistry and physiology of human life. John Stuart INIill (\"Essay on Theism,\" Pt. iv.) says, \"It may be argued that 'the power of volition over phenomena is itself a law, and one of the earliest known and acknowledged laws of nature. . . . The interference of human will with the course of nature is only not an exception to law, when we in- clude among laws the relation of motive to volition ; and by the same rule interference by the divine will would not be an exception either; since we can not but suppose Deity, in every one of his acts, to be determined by motives.' The alleged analogy holds good: but what it proves is only what I have from the first maintained — that divine interference with nature could be proved if we had the same sort of evidence for it which we have for human interferences.\" That is, this greatest of all the philosophical rationalists maintains that there is no a jmoi^i ground to judge miracles impossible. It is purely a question as to tlie sufficiency of the evidence. Every Christian is perfectly satisfied that the evi- dence (historical, moral, and spiritual) for the resurrection of DESIGN OF MIRACLES. 277 Christ, and the miracles historically associated with that event, is abundantly sufficient. 41. State andj answer the objection to the occurrence of a mirade drawn from the balance of the physical univtrse. It is a fact that the whole physical universe forms one sys- tem, and that as at present adjusted it is in a state of such del- icate equilibrium that the addition or subtraction ot a single atom in any one portion of it would disturb that equilibrium throughout the entire system. A disturbance, however slight, ab extra — the intrusion of an agent not belonging to the system of things, would be destructive of the whole. It is obvious that this objection Avould have weight if the material universe were an exclusive whole by itself, and if it sustained no constitutional relation to God. But if God and the created world together constitute a whole — a complete universe of things — the objection is absurd. The sum of his activities of every kind is the necessary complement of the sum of the activities of all his creatures, and only thus the equilibrium is maintained. It is plain that the will of God is no more outside the sum of things constituting the universe than is the will of man. And man is constantly modifying nature over wide areas, and every moment bringing his will as a new concause to act upon the physical laws of the universe ab extra, and giving them new directions and conditions. The equilibrium of the physical universe, moreover, is not a permanent one, but one constantly changing, especially through the diffusion of heat and the massing of matter at the centres of attraction. 42. State and ansiver the objection that the assumption of the necessity of miraculous interfei-ence is derogatory to the icisdom and -power of the Creator. It is argued that the skill of a human workman is always exhibited in proportion to the ability of his work to perform its designed function independently of his repair, or correction, or guidance. That the necessity of interference for any purpose ab extra is a proof of defect or at least of limitation in the skill or power of the maker. Any occasion for a miracle therefore could only arise, they argue, from a change of purpose on the part of God, or a radical defect upon the part of his creation. Theodore Parker said, \" There is no whim in God, and therefore no miracle in nature.\" This would have force if miracles were desiii'ned to correct 278 PROVIDENCE. ■ the defective working of the physical universe. But this no Christian has ever dreamed. The design of a miracle is simply to signify to God's intelli- gent creatures his active intervention in the moral universe for the purpose of restoring the order disturbed by sin. The moral system is essentially different from the physical one. The one is mechanical, the other embraces the reason, consciencje, free WILL, and the law of motive. Free will makes sin possible, and sin makes direct divine intervention necessary, either to redeem or to damn. All the miracles of Scripture are grouped around the great crises in the Avork of Redemption, or the restoration of the original natural law disturbed by sin. Hence the miracles of Scripture, unlike all the miracles of the heathen, or of the Papal Church, or of modern spiritualism, instead of being mere won- ders, exhibitions of power, wanton violations of natural order, are pre-eminently works of healing, acts the whole bearing and spirit of which imply the restoration and confirmation, not the violation, of law. The highest meaning of the word Law is order, arrange- ment, assignment of function, to the end of effecting a purpose. The supreme essence of all law, therefore, is the eternal purpose of God. Not a single miracidous intervention was an after-thought. One eternal act of absolutely intelligent volition embraced the whole scheme of being and events in all space and all duration, appointing all ends and all means and all methods at once, the necessary and the free, the physical and the moral, the acts of tiie creature obeying law, and the interventions of the Creator imposing law. 43. Hoio can an event advally occurring he certainly recognized as coming under the category of 'miracles as above defined? I. A miracle, according to the foregoing definition, is \"an event occurring in the physical world capable of- being dis- cerned and certainly discriminated by the bodily senses.\" The miracles of Scripture fulfil this condition, especially the most important of them. They were exhibited (1) in the clear light of day, (2) on several occasions, (3) under varying circum- stances (4) to a number of witnesses, and (5) to the scrutiny of several senses, as of sight, hearing, and touch, mutually cor- roborating one another. II. A miracle, by the same definition, must \"accompany a religious teacher, and is designed to authenticate his divnie commission and the truth of his message.\" It hence follows that every such event, in order to be credible, must (1) be itself of a character, rationally and morally, congruous with its pro- A MIRACLE CAN BE RECOGNIZED. 279 fessedly divine origin. (2.) The character of the religions teach- er whose commission it antlienticates, and the character of his doctrine, must be such that it is credible that they represent the mind and will of God. (3.) The messenger and his message must be found to be consistent, historically and doctrinally, with the entire organism of preceding revelations and divine interventions. III. The miracle, in the third place, must be \"of such a character that it can be rationally referred to no other cause than the immediate volition of God.\" It has been objected at this point that a miracle could not be certainly determined to be such, even if it occur, because — 1st. No man knows all the laws of nature, nor what is the true line between the natural and the supernatural. What is new or inexplicable is relatively supernatural, i. e., by us incapable of being reduced to the categories of nature. 2d. Because evil spirits often have wrought supernatural works — and it is impos- sible for us, therefore, to determine in any case that the cause of the event can be only a direct volition of God. We answer — 1st. As far as evil spirits are concerned, the kingdom of Satan can easily be recognized by its character. No isolated event is ever to be recognized as a miracle. The man, and the doctrine, and their relation to the whole system of past revelations and miraculous interventions, will in every case be sufficient to discriminate tlie identity of the supernat- ural cause of an event. 2d. As far as the question of deter- mining with certainty what eflects transcend the powers of nature, we answer — (1.) There are some classes of effects about which no man can possibly doubt, e. (/., the raising of Laz- arus, and the miiltiplying of the loaves and fishes; we may doubt about the exact boundaries of the supernatural — but no man can mistake that which so far transcends the boundaries. (2.) These effects were accomplished two thousand years ago, in an unscientific age, by an unlearned people.  (3.) These efi'ects were produced over and over again at tJie mere ivord^ of command, without the use of any sort of means, or fixed physical condition. (4.) The works were divine in character, and the occasions were worthy, the religious teachers and dootrines carried their own corroborative spiritual evidence, and the events fell into their place in the entire system of revelation. ^^^-\"-^\"^^^^ /3t^«r«tv pA^^^^^^.^^^ -z^ Chapter y^ .^z^^^r^^yZlu^^u^^ ^^tv^/x^'t. THE MORAL CONSTITUTION OF THE SOUL, WILL, LIBERTY, ETC. -^ 1. TF/za^ general department of theology are ice now entering, and what are the jJrincipal topics embraced in it ? The general department of Anthropology, and the principal topics embraced in this department,^re the moral constitution of man psychologically considered, the moral condition of man when created, and the providential relations into which man was introduced at his creation.3-(the nature of sin, the sin of Adam, the effects of his sin upon himself and upon his pos- terity, and the consequent moral condition and legal relations into which his descendants are introduced at birtliA It is obvious that an accurate understanding of the nature of sin, original or actual, of the influence of divine grace, and of the change wrought in the soul in regeneration, of course involves some previous knowledge of the constitutional facul- ties of the soul, and especially of those faculties which partic- ularly distinguish man as a moral agent. Hence there are certain psychological and metaphysical questions inseparable from theological discussions. 2. What is the general principle which it is always necessary to hear in mind while treating of the various faculties of the human soul ? The soul of man is one single indivisible agent, not an or- ganized wliole consisting of several parts; and, tlierefore, what we call its several faculties are rather the capacity of the one agent, for discharging successively or concurrently the several functions involved, and are never to be conceived of as sepa- rately existing parts or organs. These several functions exer- cised b}'- the one soul are so various and complex, that a minute anal^'sis is absolutely necessary, in order to lay open to us a definite view of their nature. Yet we must carefully remem- ber that a large part of the errors into which philosopliers have \"-^t^*- '^-^-tf.^feX ^ X^ ^^^ ^y^FACULTIES CLASSIFIED. <2 fallen in their interpretation of man's moral constitution, has resulted from the abuse of this very process of analysis. This is especially true with respect to the interpretation of the vol- untary acts of the human soul. In prosecution of his analysis the pliilosopher comes to recognize separately the differences and the likenesses of these various functions of the soul, and too frequently forgets that these functions themselves are, in fact, never exercised in that isolated manner, but concurrently by the one soul, as an indivisible agent, and that thus they always qualify one another. Thus, it is not true, in fact, that the understanding reasons, and the heart feels, and the con- science approves or condemns, and the will decides, as different members of the body work together, or as the different persons constituting a council deliberate and decide in mutual parts; but it is true that tlie one indivisible, rational, feeling, moral, self-determining soul reasons, feels, approves, or condemns and decides. The self-determining power of the ivill as an ahsfract faculty is absurd as a doctrine, and would be disastrous as an experi- ence ; but the self-determining power of the human soul as a concrete, rational, feeling agent, is a fact of universal conscious- ness, and a fundamental doctrine of moral philosophy and of Christian theology. The real question is not as to the liberty of the tvill, but as to the liberty of the man in willing. It is obvi- ous that we are free if we have liberty to will as ive please, i. e., as upon the whole we judge best, and all things consid- ered desire.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "87", "sort_key": 87, "group": "Chapter XIV", "question": "Hoiv  may  the  leadi7ig faculties  of  the  human  soul  he  classified?", "answer": "and luhich are the seat of our moral nature ? 1st. The intellectual. This class includes all those faculties in different ways concerned in the general function of know- ing; as the reason, the imagination, the bodily senses, and the moral sense (when considered as a mere source of knowledge informing the understanding). 2d. TliR f>pintinna1. This class includes all those feelings which attend, in any manner, the exercise of the other faculties. 3d._Xll£jisalL- It will be observed that the functions of the conscience in- volve faculties belonging to both the first and second classes (see below, Question 5). It is often asked. Which of our faculties is the seat of our moral nature? Now while there is a sense in which all moral questions concern the relation of the states or acts of the will to tlie law of God revealed in the conscience, and therefore in which the will and the conscience are pre-eminently the fouu- 282 MORAL CONSTITUTION OF THE SOUL. dation of man's moral nature, it is true, nevertheless, that every one of the faculties of the human soul, as above classified, is exercised in relation to all moral distinctions, e. (/., the intellect- ual in the perception and judg-ment; the emotional in pleasant feeling- or tlie reverse; the will, in choosing or refusing, and in acting. Every state or act of any one of the faculties of the human soul, therefore, which involves the judging, choosing, refusing, or desiring, upon a purel}^ moral question, or the feel- ing corresponding thereto, is a moral state or act, and all the faculties, viewed in their relations to the distinction between good and evil, are moral faculties.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "88", "sort_key": 88, "group": "Chapter XIV", "question": "What  is  the  Will?", "answer": "The term \"will\" is often used to express the mere faculty of volition, whereby the soul chooses, or refuses, or determines to act, and the exercise of that faculty. It is also used in a Avider sense, and in this sense I use it here, to include the faculty of V volition, together with all of the spontaneous states of the soul \\ (designated by Sir William Hamilton, \" Lectures on Metaphy- ^ sics,\" Lect. XL, the faculties of conation, the excitive, striving faculties, possessing, as their common characteristic, \" a ten- dency toward the realization of their end \"), the dispositions, affections, desires, which determine a man in the exercise of his free power of volition. It must be remembered, however, that these two senses of the word \"will\" are essentially distinct. The will, as including all the faculties of conation (the disposi- tions and desires), is to be essentially distinguished from the single faculty of soul exercised in the resulting volition, i. e., the choosing or the acting according to its prevailing desire. The term \" will \" is used in the wider sense in this chapter. A man in willing is perfectly free, i. e., he always exercises volition according to the prevailing disposition or desire of his will at the time. This is the highest freedom, and the only one consistent with rationality or moral responsibility. 5. Dejine the term Volition. By the term \" faculty of volition \" Ave mean the executive faculty of the soul, the faculty of choice or self-decision ; and by the term \" volition \" we mean the exercise of that faculty in any act of choice or self-decision.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "89", "sort_key": 89, "group": "Chapter XIV", "question": "W licit  is  Conscience?", "answer": "Conscience, as a faculty, includes (a) a moral sense or intu- ition, a power of discerning right and wrong, which, combining Avith the understanding, or faculty of comparing and judging, judges (jf the right or wrong of our own moral dispositions and TRUE TEST AND SEAT OF MORAL CHARACTER. 283 voluntary actions, and of the dispositions and volnntaiy actions of other free agents. (6.) This faculty judges according to a divine law of right and wrong, included within itself (it is a law to itself, the original law written upon the heart, Horn, ii. 14), and (c) it is accompanied Avith vivid emotions, pleasur- able in view of that which is right, and painful in view of that which is wrong, especially when our conscience is engaged in reviewing the states or the actions of our own souls. This faculty in its own province is sovereign, and can have no other superior than the revealed word of God. — See M'Cosh, \"Divine Government,\" Book III., chap. i. sec. 4. 7. What is the true test for determining the moral quality of any mental act or state ? The only true tests of the moral quahty of any state or act are — 1st. The inspired word of God, and 2d. The spontaneous, practical, and universal judgments of men. The moral judgments of men, like all our intuitive judg- ments, are certainly reliable only when they respect concrete and individual judgments. The generalized and abstract prop- ositions which being supposed to be formed by abstraction and generalization from these individual judgments may be true or not, but they can not be received as a reliable foundation upon which to erect a system of evidence. Very absurd attempts have been often made to demonstrate the moral or non-moral character of any principle, by means of general formularies rep- resenting partial truths imperfectly stated, and by means of other, — either false, senseless, or irrelevant, — a priori consid- erations. 8. Itito what classes are the spontaneous affections of the soul to he distributed, and ivhat are the distinguishing characteristics of each class ? The spontaneous desires and affections of the soul are of two distnict classes. 1st. The animal, or those which arise bHndly without intelligence, e. g., the appetites and instinctive afff ctions, these have no intrinsic moral quality in themselves, and become the occasion of moral action only when they are restrained or inordinately indulged. 2d. The rational affec- tions and desires called out by objects apprehended by the intellect. 9. What rational spontaneous affections possess a moral quality, and in what does thai quality inherently attach ? Such rational spontaneous affections are intrinsically and essentially either good or bad or morally indifferent, and their 284 MORAL CONSTITUTION OF THE SOUL. quality is discriminated by the quality of the objects by which they are attracted. They are good when their objects are good, evil when tlieir objects are evil, and morally indifferent when their objects are indifferent. Theii\" moral quality, whatever it be, is intrinsic to them. When they are good, all men con- sider them worthy of approbation, and when they are evil, all men consider them worthy of condemnation and righteous in- dignation, because of their essential nature as good or as evil, and without any consideration of their origin. When good these spontaneous affections determine the volitions to good, when they are evil they determine the volitions to evil. 10. To ivliat do ice apply fJie desk/nation ^'■permanent principles, or dispositions \" of soul ? and when do they possess a moral charac- ter, and what is the source of that character ? There are in the soul, underlying its passing states and af- fections, certain permanent habits or dispositions involving a tendency to or facility for certain kinds of exercises. Some of these habits or dispositions are innate and some are acquired. These constitute the character of the man, and lay the founda- tion for all his successive exercises of feeling, affection, desire, volition, or action. As far as these are morally good, the man and his action are good; as far as these are evil, the man and his action are evil; as far as tliese are morally indifferent, i. e., concern objects morally indifferent, the actions which spring from them are morally indifferent. The moral character of these inherent moral tendencies of the soul is intrinsic and es- sential. They are the ultimate tendencies of the soul itself, and their goodness or badness is an ultimate fact of consciousness. 11. Shoiv that the state and actlo7i of the intellect may possess a moral character. The intellect is so implicated in its exercises with the moral affections and emotions, that its views and judgments on all moral subjects have a moral character also. A man is hence responsible for his moral judgments — and hence for his beliefs as well as for his moral feelings, because the one is as imme- diately as the other determined by the general moral state or character of the soul. A man who is blind to moral excellence, or to the deformity of sin, is condemned bj^ every enhghtened conscience. The Scriptures pronounce a woe upon those \"who call evil good and good evil, Avho put light for darkness and darkness for liglit.\" — Isa. v. 20. Sin is called in Scripture \"blind- ness\" and \"folly.\" — 1 John ii. 11; Eph. iv. 18; Rev. iii. 17; Matt, xxiii. 17; Luke xxiv. '2b. CONSCIENCE INDESTRUCTIBLE. 285", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "90", "sort_key": 90, "group": "Chapter XIV", "question": "Wliat  are  the  essential  conditions  of  moral  responsibility  ?", "answer": "To be morally responsible a man mnst be a free, rational, moral agent (see answer to preceding question). 1st. He must be in present possession of his reason to distinguish truth from falsehood. 2d. He must also have in exercise a moral sense to distinguish right from wrong. 3d. His will, in its volitions or executive acts, must be self-decided, i. e., determined by its own spontaneous affections and desires. If any of these are wanting, the man is insane, and neither free nor responsible.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "91", "sort_key": 91, "group": "Chapter XIV", "question": "Is  the  conscience  indestructible  and  infallible  ?", "answer": "The conscience, the organ of God's law in the soul, may vir- tually, i. e., as to its effects and phenomena, be both rendered latent and perverted for a time, and in this phenomenal sense, therefore, it is neither indestructible nor infallible. But if the moral sense be regarded simply in itself it is infallible, and if the total history of even the worst man is taken into the ac- count, conscience is truly indestructible. 1st. As to its imlestructihility. Conscience, like every other faculty of the soul, is undeveloped in the infant, and very imperfectly developed in the savage; and, moreover, after a long habit of inattention to its voice and violation of its law, the individual sinner is often judicially given up to carnal indifference; his conscience for a time lying latent. Yet it is certain that it is never destroyed — (1.) From the fact that it is often aroused to the most fearful energy in the hearts of long-hardened reprobates in the agonies of remorse. (2.) From the fact that this remorse or accusing conscience constitutes the essential torment of lost souls and devils. This is the worm that never dieth. Other Avise their punishment would lose its moral character. 2d. As to its i) fallibility. Conscience, in the act of judging of moral states or actions, involves the concm-rent action of the understanding and the moral sense. This understanding- is always fallible, especially when it is prejudiced in its action by depraved affections and desires. Thus, in fact, conscience constantly delivers false decisions from a misjudgment of the facts and relations of the case; it may be through a selfish or sensual or a malignant bias. Hence we have virtually a deceiving as well as a latent conscience. Notwithstanding this, however, the normal sense of the distinction between right and wrong, as an eternal law to itself, lies indestructible even in the most depraved breasts, as it can not be destroyed, so it can not be changed; when aroused to action, and when not deceived as to the true state of the case, its language is 286 MORAL CONSTITUTION OF THE SOUL. eternally the same. — See M'Cosh, \" Divine Government,\" Book III., chapter ii., section 6, and Dr. A. Alexander, \"Moral Sci- ence,\" chapters iv, and v.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "92", "sort_key": 92, "group": "Chapter XIV", "question": "Wlicd  is  the  essential  nature  of  virtue  ?", "answer": "\"Virtue is a peculiar quality of\" certain states of the will, i. e., either permanent dispositions or temporary affections of the will, and \" of certain voluntary actions of a moral agent, which quality is perceived by the moral faculty with which every man is endowed, and the perception of which is accom- panied by an emotion which is distinct from all other emotions, and is called moral.\" — Dr. Alexander, \"Moral Science,'* ch. xxvi. The essence of virtue is, that it obliges the will. If a thing is morall}\" right it ought to be done. The essence of moral evil is, that it intrinsically deserves disapprobation, and the agent punishment. This point is of great importance, because the truth here is often perverted by a false philosophy, and because this view of mdral good is the only one consistent with the Scriptural doctrine of sins, rewards, and punishments, and, above all, of Christ's atonement. The idea of virtue is a simple and ultimate intuition; at- tempted analysis destroys it. Right is right because it is. It is its own highest reason. It has its norm in the immutable nature of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "93", "sort_key": 93, "group": "Chapter XIV", "question": "What  constitutes  a  virtuous  and  tvhat  a  vicious  character?", "answer": "Virtue, as defined in the answer to the last question, attaches only to the will of man (including all the conative faculties), 1st, to its permanent disposition; 2d, to its temporary afiections; and 3d, to its volitions. Some of these states and actions of the will are not moral, i. e., they are neither approved nor con- demned by the conscience as virtuous or vicious. But virtue or vice belong only to moral states of the soul, and to volun- tary acts. A virtuous character, therefore, is one in which the permanent dispositions, the temporary affections and desires, and the volitions of the soul, are conformahle to the divine laiv. A vicious character, on the other hand, is one in which these states and acts of the will are not conformable to the divine law. The acts of volition are virtuous or vicious as the affections or desires by which the}^ are determined are the one or the other. The affections and desires are as the permanent dispo- sitions or the character. This last is the nature of the will itself, and its character is an ultimate unresolvable fact. Whether that character be innate or acquired by habit, the fact of its WHAT CONSTITUTES MAN A FREE AGENT. 287 moral quality as virtuous or vicious remains the same, and the consequent moral accountability of the agent for his character is unchanged. It must be remembered that the mere possession of a con- science which approves tlie right and condemns the wrong, and which is accompanied witli more or less lively emotion, painful or pleasurable as it condemns or approves, does not make a character virtuous, or else the devils and lost souls would be eminently virtuous. But the virtuous man is he whose heart and actions., in biblical language, or whose disposi- tions, affectioivs, and volitions, in philosophical language, are con- formed to the law of God. 16. State both branches of the Utilitarian theory of virtue. The first and lowest form is that which maintains that vir- tue consists in the intelligent desire for happiness. Dr. N. W. Taylor says — \" Nothing is good but happiness and the means of happiness, and nothing evil but misery and the means of misery.\" The second and higher form of the Utilitarian theory of virtue is that it consists in disinterested benevolence, and that all sin is a form of selfishness. This is shown. Chapters VI II., XII., and XVIII., to be a defective and therefore a false view.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "94", "sort_key": 94, "group": "Chapter XIV", "question": "What  do  ive  mean  when  loe  say  that  a  man  is  a  free  agent?", "answer": "1st. That, being a spirit, he originates action. Matter acts only as it is acted upon. A man acts from the spring of his own active power. 2d. That, although a man may be forced by fear to will and to do many things which he would neither Avill nor do if it were not for the fear, yet he never can be made to will what he does not himself desire to will, in full view of all the circumstances of the case. 3d. That he is furnished with a reason to distinguish be- tween the true and the false, and with a conscience, the organ of an innate moral law, to distinguish between right and wrong, in order that his desires may be both rational and righteous. And yet his desires are not necessarily either rational or right- eous, but are formed under the light of reason and conscience, either conformable to or contrary to them, according to the permanent, habitual dispositions of the man; i. e., according to his own character. 18. Shoio that this attribute of human nature is inalienable. A man is said to be free in willing when he wills in con 288 MORAL CONSTITUTION OF THE SOUL. formity with his own prevaihng dispositions and desires at the time. A man's judgment may be deceived, or his actions may be coerced, but his will must he free, because, if it be truly his iciU, it must be as he desires it to be, in his present state of mind and under all the circumstances of the case at the time. It hence follows that volition is of its very essence free, whether the agent willing or the act willed be wise or foolish, good or bad. 19. Do not the Scriptures, however, speak of mans being under the bondage of corrupiion, and his liberty as lost ? As above shown, a man is alwaj-s free in every responsible volition, as much when he chooses, in violation of the law of God and conscience, as in conformity to it. In the case of unfallen creatures, and of perfectly sanctified men, however, the permanent state of the will, the voluntary affections and desires (in Scripture language, the heart), are conformed to the light of reason and the law of conscience within, and to the law of God, in its objective revelation. There are no conflicting prin- ciples then within the soul, and the law of God, instead of coercing the will by its commands and threatenings, is spon- taneously obeyed. This is \"the liberty of the sons of God;\" and the law becomes the \" royal law of liberty \" when the law in the heart of the subject perfectly corresponds with the law of the moral Governor. In the case of fallen men and angels, on the other hand, the reason and conscience, and God's law, are opposed by the governing dispositions of the will ; and the agent, although free, because he wills as he chooses, is said to be in bondage to an evil nature, and \" the servant of sin,\" because he is impelled by his corrupt dispositions to choose that which he sees and feels to be wrong and injurious, and because the threatenings of God's law tend to coerce his will through fear. The Scriptures do not teach that the unregenerate is not free in his sin, for then he would not be responsible. But the contrast between the liberty of the regenerate and the bondage of the unregenerate arises from the fact that in the regenerate the habitually controlling desires and tendencies are not in conflict with the voice of conscience and the law of God. The unregenerate, viewed psychologically, is free when he sins, be- cause he wills as upon the whole he desires; but viewed theo- logically, in his relation to God's law as enforced by reason and conscience and Scriptiu'e, he maj?^ be said to be in bondage to the evil dispositions and desires of his own heart, which he sees DEFINITIONS OF LIBERTY. 289 to be both wrong and foolish, bnt whicli, nevertheless, he is impotent to change.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "95", "sort_key": 95, "group": "Chapter XIV", "question": "Wliat  is  the  distinction  between  liherty  and  ability?", "answer": "Liberty consists in the power of the agent to will as he pleases, from the fact that the volition is determined only by the character of the agent willing. Ability consists in the power of the a^ent to change his own subjective state, to make him- self prefer what he does not prefer, and to act in a given case in opposition to the coexistent desires and preferences of the agent's own heart. Thus man is as truly free since the fall as before it, because he Avills as his evil heart pleases. But he has lost all ability to obey the law of God, because his evil heart is not subject to that law, neither can he change it. 21. Give Turretins and President Edwards' definitions of Liberty. Turretin, L. 10, Quaes. 1. — \"As only three things are found in the soul besides its essence, namely, facidties, habits (habitus), acts, so will (arbitrium) in the common opinion is regarded as an act of the mind; but here it properly signifies neither an act nor a habit which may be separated from an individual man, and which also determines him to one at least of two contra- ries; but it signifies a faculty, not one which is vegetative nor sensuous, common to us and the brutes, in which there can be no place for either virtue or vice, but a rational faculty, the possession of which does not indeed constitute us either good or bad, but through the states of which, and actions, we are capable of becoming either good or bad.\" QufBS. 3. — \" Since, therefore, the essential nature of liberty does not consist in indifference, it can not be found in any other principle than in {lubenfia rationcdi) a rational willingness or desire, whereby a man does what he prefers or chooses from a previous judgment of the reason (facit quod luhet ijravio rationis judicio). Hence two elements united are necessary to constitute tiiis liberty. (1.) ru npoaipEzixdv (the purpose), so that what is done is not determined by a blind, and certain brutish impulse, but en Ttpoaipi^Eooz, and from a previous illu- mination by the reason, and from a practical judgment of the intellect. (2.) t6 enovdiov (the spontaneous), so that what is done is determined spontaneously and freely and Avithout coaction.\" President Edwards \" On the Will,\" Section 5, defines Liberty as being \"the power, opportunity, or advantage, that any one has to do as he pleases.\" 290 MORAL CONSTITUTION OF THE SOUL. 22. Wliai are the two senses in which the loord motive, as influ- encing the ivill, is used ? and in which sense is it true that the volition is always as the strongest motive ? 1st. A motive to act may be something outside the sold itself, as the value of money, the Avislies of a friend, the wisdom or folly, the right or the wrong, of any act in itself considered, or the appetites and impulses of the body. In this sense it is evident that the man does not always act according to the motive. What may attract one man may rej)el another, or a man may repel the attraction of an outward motive by the su- perior force of some consideration drawn from within the soul itself. So that the dictum is true, \"The man makes the motive, and not the motive the man.\" 2d. A motive to act may be the state of the man's own mind, as desire or aversion in view of the outward object, or motive in the first sense. This internal motive evidently must sway the volition, and as clearly it can not in the least interfere with the perfect freedom of the man in willing, since the internal motive is only the man himself desiring, or the reverse, accord- ing to his own disposition or character. 23. May tJiere not he several conflicting desires, or infernal motives, in the mind at the same time, and in such a case how is the ivill decided? There are often several conflicting desires, or impelling affections, in the mind at the same time, in which case the strongest desire, or the strongest group of desires, drawing in one way, determine the volition. That which is strongest proves itself to be such only by the result, and not by the intensity of the feeling it excites. Some of these internal motives are very vivid, like a thirst for vengeance, and others calm, as a sense of duty, yet often the calm motive proves itself the strongest, and draws the Avill its own way. This, of course, must depend upon the character of the agent. It is this inward contest of opposite principles which constitutes the warfare of the Christian life. It is the same experience which occasions a great part of that confusion of consciousness wdiich prevails among men wath respect to the problem of the will and the conditions of free agency. ]\\Ian often acts against inotives, but never without motive. And the motive which actually determines the choice in a given case may often be the least clearly defined in the intellect, and the least vividly experienced in the feelings. Especially in sudden surprises, and in cases of trivial concernment, the volition is constantly determined by vague impulses, or by force of habit almost auto- CERTAINTY NOT INCONSISTENT WITH LIBERTY. 291 matically. Yet in every case, if the Avhole contents of the mind, at the time of the vohtion, be brought np into distinct consciousness, it will be found that the man chose, as upon the whole view of the case presented by the understanding- at the instant he desired to choose. 24. If the immediately preceding state of the mans mind cer- tainJij determines the act of his ivill, hoiv can thcd act he truly free if certainly determined ? This objection rests solely upon the confusion of the two distinct ideas of liberty of the will as an abstract faculty, and liberty of the man who wills. The man is never determined to will by any thing without himself He always himself freely gives, according to his own character, all the weight to the external influences which bear upon him that they ever possess. But, on the other hand, the mere act of volition, abstractly con- sidered, is determined by the present mental, moral, and emo- tional state of the man at the moment he acts. His rational freedom, indeed, consists, not in the uncertainty of his act, but in the very fact that his whole soul, as an indivisible, knowing, feeling, moral agent, determines his OAvn action as it pleases. 25. Prove that the certainty of a volition is in no degree incon- sistent with the liberty of the agent in thcd act. 1st. God, Christ, and saints in glory, are all eminently free m their holy choices and actions, yet nothing can be more certain than that, to all eternity, they shall always will accord- ing to righteousness. 2d. ]Man is a free agent, yet of every infant, from his birth, it is absolutely certain that if he lives he will sin. 3d. God, from eternity, foreknows all the free actions of men as certain, and he has foreordained them, or made them to be certain. In prophecy he has infallibly foretold many of them as certain. And in regeneration his people are made \" his workmanship created unto good works, which God has before ordained that we should walk in them.\" 4th. Even we, if we thoroughly understand a friend's char- acter, and all the present circumstances under which he acts, are often absolutely certain how he will freely act, though absent from us. This is the foundation of all human faith, and hence of all human society. 26. What is that theory of moi'al liberty, styled ^'■Liberty of Indifference,''' ^'■Self-deiermirdng Poiver of the Will,'' '•'Power of Con- trary Choice\" ^'Liberty of Contingency,\" etc., held by Arminians and otJters ? 292 MORAL COXSTITUTION OF THE SOUL. This theory mamtaiiis that it is essentially involved in the idea of free ag-ency — 1st. That the will of man in every volition may decide in opposition, not only to all outward inducements, but equally to all the inward judgments, desires, and to the whole coexistent inward state of the man himself. 2d. That man is conscious in every free volition, that he might have willed precisely the opposite, his outward circumstances and his entire inward state remaining the same. 3d. That every free volition is contingent, i. e., uncertain, until the event, since it is determined by nothing but the bare faculty of volition on the part of the agent. — Hamilton's \" lieid,\" pp. 599-624. llie true theory of moral certainty, on the other hand, is that the soul is a unit; that the will is not self-determined, but that man, when he wills, is self-determined; and that his voli- tion is certainly determined by his own internal, rational, moral, emotional state at the time, viewed as a whole. In opposition to the former theory, and in favor of the lat- ter, we argue — 1st. That the character of the agent does cer- tainly determine the character of his free acts, and that the certainty of an act is not inconsistent with the liberty of the agent in his act. — See above. Question 12. 2d. The Christian doctrines of divine foreknowledge, fore- ordination, providence, and regeneration. For the Scriptural evidence of these, see their respective chapters. They all show that the volitions of men are neither uncertain nor in- determinate. 3d. We agree with the advocates of the opposite theory in maintaining that in every free act we are conscious that we had power to perform it, or not to perform it, as we chose. \" But we maintain that we are none the less conscious that this intimate conviction that we had power not to perform an act is conditional. That is, we are conscious that the act might have been otherwise, had other views or feelings been present to our minds, or been allowed their due weight. A man can not prefer against his preference, or choose against his choice. A man n:iay have one preference at one time, and another at another. He may have various conflicting feelings or princi- ples in action at the same time, but he can not have coexisting opposite preferences.\" 4th. The theory of the \"self-determining power of the will\" regards the will, or the mere faculty of volition, as isolated from the other faculties of the soul, as an independent agent within an agent. Now, the soul is a unit. Consciousness and Script- ure alike teach us that the man is the free, responsible agent. By this dissociation of the volitional faculty from the moral dispositions and desires, the volitions can have no moral char- ULTIMATE SEAT OF RESPONSIBILITY. 293 acter. By its dissociation from the reason, the volitions can have no rational character. If they are not determined by the inward state of the man himself, they must be fortuitous, and beyond his control. He can not be free if his will is independent alike of his head and his heart, and he ought not to be held responsible. — See \"Bib. Rep.,\" January, 1857, Article V. 27. Why is a man responsible for Ms outiuard actions; why for his volitions; why for his affections and desires; a'iid prove that he is responsible for his affections ? \"A man is responsible for his outward acts, because they are determined by the will ; he is responsible for his volitions, because they are determined by his own principles and feelings (desires); he is responsible for his principles and feelings, be- cause of their inherent nature as good or bad, and because they are his own and constitute his character.\" — \" Bib. Rep.,\" Jan- uary, 1857, p. 130. It is the teaching of Scripture and the universal judgment of men, that \"a good man out of the good treasures of his heart bringeth forth that which is good,\" and that a \"wicked man out of the evil treasures of his heart bringeth forth that which is evil.\" The act derives its moral character from the state of the heart from which it springs, and a man is respon- sible for the moral state of his heart, whether that state be innate, formed by regenerating grace, or acquired by himself, because — 1st. Of the obliging nature of moral right, and the ill desert of sin ; 2d. Because a man's affections and desires are himself loving or refusing that which is right. It is the judg- ment of all, that a profane or malignant man is to be repro- bated, no matter how he became so. 28. How does Dr. D. D. Whedon state and contrast the position of Arminian and Calvi)dstic philosophy? Dr. Whedon, in the \" Bibliotheca Sacra,\" April, 18(32, says, \" To this maxim, that it is no matter how we come by our evil volitions, dispositions, or nature in order to responsibility, pro- vided that we really possess them, we (the IMethodists) oppose the counter maxim that in order to responsihility for a given act or state., poiver in the agent for a contrary act or stcde is requisite. In other words j^oiver underlies respotvsihility.\" The only limit which he admits to this principle is the case of an inability in- duced by the free act of the agent himself. This, he says, is a fundamental maxim by which all the issues between Armin- ianism and Calvinism are determined. 294 MORAL CONSTITUTION OF THE SOUL. 29. Show that the Arminian vieiv leads to consequences incon- sistent ivith the gospel, and that the Calvinistic view is true. Dr. Wheclon admits that Adam after his fall lost all ability to obey the law of God, and was responsible for that inability and all its consequences, because, having been created with full ability, he lost it by his own free act. He also admits that every child of Adam is born into the world with a coiTnpt nature, and without any ability to obey the law of God. But no infant is responsible nor punishable for this want of ability nor for any sinfvd action which results from it, because it was entailed upon him, without any fault of his own, by the sin of another. In the way of just compensation, however, for this their great misfortune of being- innocent sinners, God gives to all men in Christ sufficient grace, and hence gracious ability to obey the gospel law. If a man uses this gracious ability he is saved, and faith and evangelical obedience is accounted for perfect righteousness ; (/' he does not use this gracious ability he is condemned as responsible for that abuse of ability, and con- sequently responsible for all the sinful feelings, actions, and subsequent inability which result from tliat abuse of power. We argue that it follows from this Arminian view — 1st. That salvation by Christ is not of free grace, but a tardy and incom- plete compensation granted men for undeserved evils brought upon them at their birth in consequence of Adam's sin. 2d. The \" grace \" given to all men is as necessary to render them pun- ishable sinners, as it is to save their souls. In fact, according to this principle, grace sends more souls to hell by making them responsible through the possession of ability, than it sends to heaven through f\\iith in Christ. 3d. Those who die in infancy, not being punishable, because not responsible, for original sin, go to heaven as a matter of natural right. On the contrary we maintain that the responsibility of a man for his moral dispositions, affections, and desires, no matter how they may have originated, if he be a sane man, is an ultimate fact of consciousness, confirmed by Scripture, conscience, and the universal judgments of men. An act de- rives its moral character from the state of the heart from which it springs, but the state of the heart does not acquire its n}oral character from the action. But the moral quality of the state of the heart itself is inherent, and moral responsibility is insep- arable from moral quality. This is so — 1st. Because of the essential nature of right and wrong. The essence of right is that it otcght to be — that it obliges the will. The essence of wrong is that it ought not to be — that the will is under obligation to the contrary, and that ULTIMATE SEAT OF RESPONSIBILITY. 295 the doing of it involves iU desert. 2d. Because a man's moral affections or desires are nothing other tlian the man himself loving or abhorring goodness. It is the judgment of all men that a profane and malignant man is to be reprobated no matter how he became so. It is the character, not the origin, of the moral disposition of the heart which is the real question. Christ says, \" A good man out of the good treasure of his heart bringeth forth that which is good, and a wicked man out of the evil treasure of his heart bringeth forth that which is evil.\" — Luke vi. 45", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "96", "sort_key": 96, "group": "Chapter XVII", "question": "In  loJiat  different  senses  is  the  term  covenant  used  in  Scripture?", "answer": "1st. For a natural ordinance. — Jer. xxxiii. 20. 2d. For an nnconditional promise. — Gen. ix. 11, 12. 3d. For a conditional promise. — Is. i. 19, 20. 4th. A dispensation or mode of administration. — Heb. viii. 6-9. For the usage with respect to the Greek term SiafJrjKrj, usu- ally translated in our version testament and covenant. — See Chap- ter XXII., on \" Covenant of Grace,\" Question 1. In the theological phrases \"covenant of works,\" and \"cove- nant of grace,\" this term is used in the third sense of a promise suspended on conditions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "97", "sort_key": 97, "group": "Chapter XVII", "question": "What  are  the  several  elements  essential  to  a  covenant?", "answer": "1st. Contracting parties. 2d. Conditions. These conditions in a covenant between equals are mutually imposed and mutu- ally binding, but in a sovereign constitution, imposed by the Creator upon the creature, these \" conditions \" are better ex- pressed as (1) promises on the part of the Creator suspended upon (2) conditions to be fulfilled by the creature. And (3) an alternative penalty to be inflicted in case the condition fails. 3. Shoiv that the constitution under lohich Adam ivas placed by God at his creation may he rightly called a covenant. The inspired record of God's transactions with Adam pre- sents definitely all the essential elements of a covenant as co- existing in that constitution. 1st. The \"contracting parties.\" — (1.) God, the moral Gov- ernor, by necessity of nature and relation demanding perfect conformity to moral law. (2.) Adam, the free moral agent, by necessity of nature and relation under the inalienable obliga- tion of moral law. 310 COVENANT OF WORKS. 2cl. The \"promises,\" life and favor.— ]\\Iatt. xix. 16, 17; Gal. iii. 12. 3d. The \"conditions\" upon which the promises were sus- pended, perfect obedience, in this instance subjected to a spe- cial test, that of abstaining from the fruit of the \"tree of knowledge.\" 4th. The \"alternative penalty.\" \"In the day thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.\" — Gen. ii. 16, 17. This constitution is called a covenant. — Hosea vi. 7.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "98", "sort_key": 98, "group": "Chapter XVII", "question": "How  is  it  defined  in  our  standards  ?", "answer": "\"Con. Faith,\" Chap, iv., Sec. 2; Chap, vii., Sec. 1 and 2; Chap, xix.. Sec. 1; \" L. Cat.,\" Q. 20; \"S. Cat.,\" Q. 12. 5. Why is it not absurd to apply the term \" Covenant \" to a sovereign constitution imposed hy the Creator upon the creature tvithout consulting Ms ivill ? 1st. Although it was a sovereign constitution imposed by God, there is no reason to suppose that Adam did not enter upon it voluntarily. He was a holy being, and the arrangement was pre-eminently to his advantage. 2d. We call it a Covenant because that is the proper word to express a conditional prom- ise made to a free agent. 3d. The term \"Covenant\" is constant- ly applied in Scripture to other sovereign constitutions of like character which the Creator has imposed upop men. If God could make covenants with fallen 'and guilty Noah, Gen. ix. 11, 12, and with Abraham, Gen. xvii. 1-21, why could he not make a covenant with unfallen Adam.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "99", "sort_key": 99, "group": "Chapter XVII", "question": "By  what  titles  has  this  covenant  been  designated  and  why  ?", "answer": "Ist. It has been called the Covenant of Nature, because it expresses the relations which man in his natural state as newly created and unfallen sustained to the Creator and Moral Gov- ernor of the universe. It is adjusted to the natural or unfallen man, just as the Covenant of Grace is adjusted to unnatural or fallen man. 2d. It has been called a legal covenant, because its \" condition \" is perfect conformity to^the law of absolute moral perfection. 3d. It has been called the Covenant of Works, because its demands terminate upon man's own being and doing. 4th. It has been called a Covenant of Life, because the promise attached to well-doing was life. It was also essentially a gracious covenant, because although every creature is, as such, bound to serve the Creator to the full extent of his powers, the Creator can not be bound as a mere matter of justice to grant the creature fellowship with himself, THE PARTIES AND PROMISE OF THE COVENANT. 311 or to raise him to an infallible standard of moral power, or to crown him with eternal and inalienable felicity. 7. Wlio were the parties to this covenant, and Jio7o may it he proved that Adam therein represented all his natural descendants ? The \"parties\" were God and Adam, and in him represen- tatively all his natural posterity. That he did thus represent his descendants is evident — 1st. From the parallel which is drawn in Scripture between Adam in his relation to his descendants, and Christ in his rela- tion to his elect. — Rom. v. 12-19, and 1 Cor. xv. 22, 47. 2d. From the matter of fact that the very penalty denounced upon Adam, in case of his disobedience, has taken effect in each individual descendant. — Gen. ii. 17; iii. 17, 18. 3d. From the Biblical declaration that sin, death, and all penal evil came into the world through Adam.-r-Rom. v. 12; 1 Cor. XV. 22. See Chapter XXI., on \" Imputation of Adam's Sin.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "100", "sort_key": 100, "group": "Chapter XVII", "question": "What  ivas  the  promise  attached  to  the  Covenant  ?", "answer": "The promise was \"life\" — 1st. Because it is necessarily im- plied in the penalty of \"death,\" which is expressly denounced. If disobedience is linked to death, obedience is linked to life. 2d. It is clearly taught in other passages of Scripture. — Lev. xviii. 5; Neh. ix. 29; jMatt. xix. 16, 17; Gal. iii. 12; Rom. x. 5. This life was not a mere continuation of the existence with wdiich man was. endowed by creation as a fallible, moral agent, but it was an additional gift of infallible, moral excellence, and inalienable blessedness, conditioned upon obedience during a probationary period. 1st. This is evident because the reward suspended on \" conditions \" must involve something more than had been already granted. 2d. Because man was as created liable to sin, and tiiere could be no permanent and seciu'e bliss nor high excellence in that condition. 3d. Because the grant- ing of the reward necessarily closes the probation, supersedes the conditions, and secures inalienable blessedness. 4th.* Be- cause the angels who had not left their first estate had been rewarded with such a life. 5th. Because the life promised must correspond to the death threatened, and the death threatened involved eternal separation from God and irretrievable destruc- tion. 6th. Because the life secured to us by the \"Second Adam\" is of this nature. 9. What is a '■'■ p>rohation' ? and ivhen and ivhere had the hunum rojce, its probation under the Covenant of Works ? A probation is a trial. The word is variously used to express the state, or the time, or the act of trial. The time of probation 312 COVENANT OF WORKS. under such a constitution as the covenant of works must be a definitely hmited one, because it is self-evident that either the infliction of the penalty or the granting of the reward would, ipsofacio. close the probation forever, and the reward could not accrue until the period of probation Avas completed. The probation of the human race took place once for all in the trial of Adam in the garden of Eden. That trial resulted in loss, and since then the conditions of the covenant being impossible, and its penalty having been incurred, any proba- tion is of course impossible. Men are now by nature children of wrath. 10. What loas the condition of that covenant ? and icliy icas the command not to eat of the tree of knoivledge of good and evil selected as a test ? Perfect conformity of heart, and perfect obedience in act to the whole will of God as far as revealed. — Deut. xxvii. 26; Gal. iii. 10 ; James ii. 10. The command to abstain from eating the forbidden fruit was only made a special and decisive test of that general obedience. As the matter forbidden was mor- ally indifferent in itself, the command was admirably adapted to be a clear and naked test of submission to God's absolute will as such. Tiie forbidden tree Avas doubtless called the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, because through the disobe- dient eating of it mankind came to the thorough experience of the value of goodness and of the infinite evil of sin. The obedience required by the law as a rule of duty is of course perpetual. But the demand of the law for obedience as a covenant condition of life must be limited to the period of probation. The term \"perpetual\" in \"Conf F.,\" Ch. xix., § 1, and \"L. Cat.,\" Q. 20, was admitted doubtless by inadvertence. 11. Whcd was the ncdure of the decdh threcdened in case of disobedience ? This word, \"dying thou shalt die,\" in this connection evi- dently includes all the penal consequences of sin. These are — 1st, death, natural, Eccle. xii. 7; 2d, death, moral and spiritual, Matt. viii. 22; Eph. ii. 1; 1 Tim. v. 6; Rev. hi. 1; 3d, death, eternal, liev. xx. 6-14. The instant the law was violated its penalty began to ope- rate, although on account of the intervention of the dispensation of grace the full effect of the sentence is suspended during the present life. The Spirit of God was withdrawn the instant man fell, and he at once became spiritually dead, physically mortal, and under sentence of death eternal. This appears — 1st. From the nature of man as a spiritual MEANING OF THE WORD ''DEATHS 313 being. \"This is life eternal to know the only true God,\" etc. — John xvii. 3. The instant the soul is cut off from God it dies, and his wrath and curse is incurred, and the entire per- son, body, and soul, involved in an endless series of evil condi- tions. 2d. The Scriptures everywhere declare that the wages of sin is death. — Rom. vi. 23; Ezek. xviii. 4. The nature of this death is to be determined. (1.) By the narrative of the effects produced in our first parents, e. (/., shame of nakedness, fear, alienation from God, unbelief, and after a time dissolution of body, etc. (2.) By the experience of its effects in their descendants, e. g., corruption of nature, mortality of body, miseries in this life, the second death. 12. What does C. F. Hudson and others hold to he the penalty of the Covenant of Works ? The annihilationists, of whom C. F. Hudson is one of the ablest, hold that the precise thing God said to Adam was \"Thou, thyself, thine entire person art dust, and to dust thou shalt return.\" They quote Num. xxiii. 10; Judges xvi. 30, etc. They hold that death means precisely and only cessation of being. They say i\\.dam could have had no other idea asso- ciated with the word. Death in this sense had pre-existed in the world for innumerable ages among the lower orders of creatures, and this was all Adam knew on the subject. It is idle for us to speculate as to what the original lan- guage God spoke to Adam was, or what the word he used, corresponding to our word death, precisely signified and sug- gested. Adam probably simply understood God to say that if he sinned he should be utterly and irretrievably cut off from the divine favor. That is precisely what happened. But the facts are clear. 1st. The word death in Scripture is used to express not cessation of being but a certain godless condition of being. — Rev. iii. 1 ; Eph. ii. 1-5, and v. 14 ; 1 Tim. v. 6 ; Rom. vi. 13; xi. 15; John v. 24; vi. 47. 2d. It will be shown below. Chapters XXXVII. and XL., that the Scriptures do not allow the notion either of the sleep of the soul during the inter- mediate state, or of the annihilation of the wicked after the judgment. 13. What is meant hy the seal of a covenant, and ivhat icas the seed of the Covenant of Works ? A seal of a covenant is an outward visible sign, appointed by God as a pledge of his faithfulness, and as an earnest of the blessings promised in the covenant. Thus the rainbow is the seal of the covenant made with Noah. — Gen. ix. 12, 13. Circumcision was the original seal of 314 COVENANT OF WORKS. the covenant made with Abraham (Gen. xvii. 9-11 ; Eom. iv. 11), in the place of which baptism is now instituted. — Col. ii. 11, 12; Gal. iii. 2(3, 27. The tree of life was the seal of the covenant of works, because it was the ontward sign and seal of that life which was promised in the covenant, and from which man was excluded on account of sin, and to which he is restored through the second Adam in the Paradise regained. — Compare Gen. ii. 9 ; iii. 22, 24, with Rev. ii. 7; xxii. 2-14. 14. Wliat according to IVitsius, in his great ivork ^^on the Cov- enants,'' are the seals or sacraments of the Covenant of Works ? In Vol. I., Ch. vi., Witsius enumerates four — 1st. Paradise. 2d. The tree of life. 3d. The tree of knowledge of good and evil. 4th. The Sabbath. These were all doubtless symbolical institutions connected with the original divine dispensation of which the Covenant of Works was the foundation. But there appears to be no rea- son for designating them as belonging to that particular class of symbolical institutions called sacraments under the New Testament. The tree of the knoAvledge of good and evil sealed death, and therefore could not have been a seal of the Covenant of Works which offered life. 15. In lohat sense is the Covenant of Woo'ks abrogated, and in what sense is it in force ? This Covenant having been broken by Adam, not one of his natural descendants is ever able to fulfil its conditions, and Christ having fulfilled all of its conditions in behalf of all his own people, salvation is offered now on the condition of faith. In this sense the Covenant of Works having been fulfilled by the second Adam is henceforth abrogated under the gospel. Nevertheless, since it is founded upon the principles of im- mutable justice, it still binds all men who have not fled to the refuge offered in the righteousness of Christ. It is still true that \"he that doeth these things shall live by them,\" and \"the soul that sinneth it shall die.\" This law in this sense remains, and in consequence of the unrighteousness of men condemns them, and in consequence of their absolute inability to fulfil it, it acts as a schoolmaster to bring them to Christ. For he having fulfilled alike its condition wherein Adam failed, and its penalty which Adam incurred, he has become the end of this covenant for righteousness to every one that believeth, who in him is regarded and treated as one who has fulfilled the covenant, and merited its promised reward.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "101", "sort_key": 101, "group": "Chapter XVIII", "question": "What  must  a  triie  definition  of  the  nature  of  sin  embrace  ?", "answer": "A definition of sin must — 1st. Include all that either the Word of God or an enlightened conscience decides to be sin. 2d. It must include nothing else. Otherwise in either case it is false. 3. State the definitions of sin given by Turretin, and by our Standards, and by Vitringa. Turretin, Locus 9, QufBS. 1. — \" Inclinatio, actio, vel omissio pugnans cum lege Dei, vel carens rectitudine legali debita in esse.\" 316 THE NATURE OF SIN AND THE SIN OF ADAM. \" Conf. Faith,\" Ch. vi, § 6; \" L. Cat,\" Q. 24; \" S. Cat,\" Q. 14 \" Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of the law of God.\" Campejus Vitringa, Prof Theo. in Franeker, died 1722. — \" Forma peccati est disconvenientia, actus, habitus, ant status hominis cum divina lege.\" This last excellent definition embraces two constitutent prop- ositions.— Ist. Sin_i^_any and ey.ery want of conformity with the moral law of God, whether of excess or defect, whether of omission or commission. 2d. Sin is any want of conformity of the moral states and habits as well of the actions of the human soul with the law of God ?", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "102", "sort_key": 102, "group": "Chapter XVIII", "question": "What  is  Laio  ?  And  what  is  tJie  Law  of  God  ?", "answer": "The word law is used in a great many and in very different senses. It is used by natural philosophers often to express — 1st. A general fact, e. (/., the general fact that all matter at- tracts all matter inversely as the square of the distance. 2d. An established order of sequence in which certain events occur, as the order of the seasons, and any established order of nature. 3d. The mode of acting of a specific force, as the law of electri- cal induction, etc. 4th. A spontaneous order of development, as the internal self-acting law of the growth of animals and plants from the seed. The moral law of God, however, is not an internal, self-reg- ulating principle of man's moral nature, like the feigned inner light of the Quakers, but an imperial standard of moral excel- lence imposed upon mankind from without and from above them by the supreme authority of a personal moral Governor over personal moral subjects. It involves (a) a certain degree of enlightenment as to truth and duty, (/>) a rule of action reg- ulating the will and binding the conscience, (c) armed with sanctions, or imperative motives constraining to obedience. 5. Prove that sin is any icant ofconformity to '■'' Laio.'' 1st. Whenever we sin conscience condemns us for not com- ing up to a standard which we intuitivel}^ recognize as morally obligatory upon us. Conscience implies {a) moral accounta- bility, and hence subjection to a moral Governoi', and {Ij) a standard to which we ought to be conformed. The conscience itself, as the organ of God's law, contains the law written on the heart 2d. It is implied in all the language used by the Holy Ghost in Scripture to express the idea of sin \\2t' D''pt:' from nob' to devi- SIN WANT OF CONFORMITY TO LAW OF GOD. 317 ate from the ivay. ^'^^ to miss the mark, djuaprdvoo to err, to miss the mark, jrapa/iadz? (Gal. iii. 19), a going aside from, a trans- gresssion. 3d. It is explicitly asserted in Scripture, \" Every one tliat doetli sin, also doeth rtjr dvojuiav, and sin is dvojuia.\" — 1 John iii. 4. \" For where no law is there is no transgression.\" — Rom. iv. 15. 6. Prove that sin is any ivant of conformity to the moral Law of God. As above shown this is implied in the action of conscience. It testifies to a law imposed upon us by an authority external to us, the supreme authority of God. In the absence of all supernatural revelation it has led all heathen nations to the recognition of the authority of God, or of gods exercising gov- ernment, to a belief in rewards and punishments administered by God, and hence to expiatory and propitiatory rites. It is also asserted by David that sin of any kind is disobe- dience and dishonor done to God. — See fifty-first Psalm. Hence sin is not a mere violation of the law of our own constitution, nor of the system of things, but an offence against a personal Lawgiver and moral Governor, who vindicates his law with penalties. The soul that sins is always conscious that his sin is (a) intrinsically vile and polluting, and {h) that it justly deserves punishment and calls down the righteous wrath of God. Hence sin carries with it two inalienable characters — (a) ill desert, guilt, reatus, (6) pollution, macula. 7. Shoio that this Laio, any tvant of conformity to which is sin, demands absolute moral perfection.* This is necessarily involved in the very essence of moral obligation. The very essence of right is thcd it ought to he. Tlie very essence of wrong is that it ought not to be. If any thing- be indifferent it is not moral, and if it be moral it is a matter of obligation. This being of the essence of right it is, of course, true of each consistent part as Avell as of the whole. Any degree short of full conformity with the highest right is there- fore of the natm-e of sin. \"For whosoever shall keep the Avhole law and yet offend in one point is guilty of all.\" — -James ii. 10. The old maxim is true, Omne minus bonum habet rationem mali. It evidently follows from this principle that the Romish doc- trine of works of Supererogation is absurd as well as wicked, Bince if these works are obligatory they are not supererogatory, and if tliey are not obligatory they are not moral, and if not moral they can have no moral value. Hence also all those Perfectionists who admit that men are not now able to keep * Dr. C. Hodge's Unpublished Lectures. 318 THE NATURE OF SIN AND THE SIN OF ADAM. perfectly the law of absolute moral perfection, while they main- tain that Christians may in this life live without sin, obviously use incorrect and misleading langaiage. 8. Prove that any want of conformity ivith this Laiv in the states and permanent habit of soul, as well as in its acts, is sin. Ist. This is proved by the common judgments of all men. All jvidge that the moral state of the heart determines the moral character of the actions, and that the moral character of the actions discloses the moral state of the heart, and that a man whose acts are habitually profane, or malignant, or impure, is himself in the permanent state of his heart profane, or malig- nant, or impure. 2d. The same is proved by the common religious experience of all Christians. This experience alwa^'s involves conviction of sin, and conviction of sin involves as its most imiform and prominent element not merely a conviction that our actions fail to come up to the proper standard of excellence, but a sense that in the depths of our nature, below and beyond the reach of volition, we are spiritually dead and polluted, and im- potent and insensible to divine things, and worthy of condem- nation therefore. Every Christian has been brouglit with Paul to cry out, \"0 wretched man that I am: who shall deliver me from the body of this death.\" — Rom. vii. 24 This finds expres- sion, and this principle for which we are contending finds proof in all the prayers, supplications, confessions, and in all the hjanns and devotional literature of Christians of all ages and denominations. 3d. The Scriptures explicitly call the permanent states of the soul \"sin\" Avhen they are not conformed to the law of God. Sin and its lusts are said to reign in the mortal body; the mem- bers are the instruments of sin; the unregenerate are the ser- vants of sin. — Rom. vi. 12-17. The disposition or permanent \"tendency\" to sin is called \"flesh\" as opposed to \"spirit,\" Gal. V. 17; also \"lust,\" James i. 14, 15; \"old Adam,\" and \"body of sin,\" \"ignorance,\" \"blindness of heart,\" \"alienation from the life of God,\" and \" a condition of being past feeling,\" Eph. iv. 18, 19. 9. Shoio that the very first spontaneous motions of concfiipiscence are sin ? 1st. The heart of the Christian often for the moment spon- taneously lusts for evil when the conscience promptly condemns and the will forbids and restrains and diverts the attention. Althcjugh the man does not consent to the sin that is present in him, nevertheless the Christian feels that such movements of ORIGIN OF SIN. 319 concupiscence are unholy, and worthy of condemnation, and he not only resists them but condemns and loathes himself because of them, and seeks to be purged Irom them at once by the atoning blood, and the sanctifying spirit of Jesus. 2d. Concupiscence is called \" sin \" in Scripture. \" I had not known sin, but by the law, ibr I had not known kTuhvi-Uav (con- cupiscence) except the law had said thou shalt not kTtiOvi-a'jGEii.^^ Also rd TtaOrj/uaza rcSv djuapriaov, \"the motions of sin,\" and \"the law in the members,\" and \"sin that dwelleth in me,\" that worketh without \" my consent,\" which \" works all manner of concupiscence,\" etc. — Kom. vii. 5-24. 10. What is the first great mystery connected with the origin of sin ? How or why was the existence of sin tolerated in the crea- tion of a God at once eternal, self-existent, and infinite in Avis- dom, power, holiness, and benevolence? All the attempted solutions of this enigma which have been entertained in our day have been summed up by Prof Haven of Chicago as follows : \" Either God can not prevent sin, i. e., either (a) in any system, (b) in a moral system involving free agency. \" Or for some reason God does not choose to prevent sin, i. e., either because («) its existence is of itself desirable, (b) or though not in itself desirable it is the necessary means of the greatest good, or (c) though not in itself tending to good it may be overruled to that result, or (d) because, in general terms, its permission will involve less evil than its absolute prevention. It is obvious (o.) that God has permitted sin, and (b) hence it was right for him to do so. But why it was right must ever remain a mystery demanding submission and delying solution.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "103", "sort_key": 103, "group": "Chapter XVIII", "question": "What  ivas  the  ^lanicJiwan  doctrine  as  to  the  origin  of  sin?", "answer": "They held the opinion that sin had its ground in some eter- nal, self-existent principle independent of God, either matter or self-existent devil. This doctrine is inconsistent (a) with the independence, infinitude, and sovereignty of God; {b) with the nature of sin as essentially the revolt of a created free-will from God. Sin is an element of perverted moral agency. To con- sider it an attribute of matter is to- deny it. AH the Christian fathers united in opposing JManichasism and in maintaining that sin is the product of the free-will of man alone. 12. State the doctrine of St. Augustine ivith respect to the priva- tive nature of sin. St. Augustine held — 1st. That God is the creator of all 320 THE NATURE OF SIN AND THE SIN OF ADAM. entities • and the absolutely sovereign Governor of all moral agents and of all their actions; and 2d. That nevertheless God is in no sense either tlie author or the cause of sin. In order to reconcile tliese he held, 3d. That sin is not an entity, but is in its essence simply a defect. His dictum, which hence has passed into general currency with all classes of theologians, was Nihil est malum nisi privafio honi. They have properly distinguished between \"negation\" and \"privation.\" Negation is the absence of that wliich does not belong to the nature of the subject, as sight to a stone. Privation is the absence of that Avhich belonging to the nature of the subject is necessary to its perfec- tion, as sight to a man. Sin therefore is privative because it originates in the absence of those moral qualities which ougld to be present in the states and actions of a free, responsible, moral agent. It is to be remembered, however, that the inherent depravity •which \" comes from a defective or privative cause \" instantly assumes a positive form, from the essentiall}^ active nature of the human soul. In a passive condition of being, a defect might remain purel}' negative. But in a ceaselessly active being, and one acting under ceaseless moral obligations, a moral defect must instantly become a positive vice. Not to love God is to hate him. Not to be in all things conformed to his will is to rebel against him, and to break his law at all points. — See Edwards, \" Original Sin,\" pt. 4. sec. 2.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "104", "sort_key": 104, "group": "Chapter XVIII", "question": "What  is  the  Pelagian  doctrine  as  to  the  nature  of  sin?", "answer": "The Pelagian view of sin, which has been rejected by all branches of the Christian Cliurch, is — 1st. That law can com- mand only volitions. 2d. That states of the soul can be com- manded only in so far as they are the direct effect of previous volitions. 3d. Hence that sin consists simply in acts of volition. 4th. That whatever a man has not plenary ability to do he is under no obligation to do. 5th. That there is no such thing, therefore, as innate depravity. 6th. That since a volition to be moral or the subject of approbation or of condemnation, must be a pure self-decision of the will, it follows that sin is beyond the absolute control of God. 14. In ivhat sense is the dictum that ^^all sin is voluntary\" true, and in ivhat sense false?  It all turns upon the sense of the phrase \"Voluntary.\" If it be in the Pelagian sense restricted to \" acts of volition ; \" then the dictum that \"all sin is voluntary\" is false. If, however, it is used so as to include the spontaneous dispositions, tenden- cies, and afiections which constitute the permanent character SIN OF ADAM. 321 of the soul, and Avhich prompt to and decide the nature of the voHtions, then all sin is voluntary, because all sin has its ground and spring in these spontaneous tendencies and dispositions, i. e., in the permanent moral states of the soul. 15. State the peculiarities of the Romish position upon this sub- ject, and also that of the Arminian Perfectionists. The Roman Church agrees with all Protestants in holding that all the habits and permanent dispositions as well as the actions of the soul which are not conformed to the law of God are sinful. But it is a prominent characteristic of their doc- trine that they hold that moral condition of soul which remains in the regenerate as the consequence of original sin, and the fomes or fuel of actual sin, is not properly of the nature of sin. They maintain tliat the first spontaneous movement of this concupiscence is not. sin in itself, and not to be treated as such — but that it becomes the cause of sin as soon as its solicita- tions are entertained and translated into action by the will. — \"Cat. of Council of Trent,\" Pt. II., ch. ii., Q. 42. The Arminians avail themselves of the same positions when defending their doctrine of Christian Perfection. Wesley (in \"Meth. Doc. Tracts,\" pp. 294-312) distinguishes between \"sin properly so called, i. e., voluntary transgression of known law, and sin improperly so called, i. e., involuntary transgression of law, known or unknown,\" and declares, \" I believe there is no such perfection in this life as excludes these involuntary trans- gressions, which I apprehend to be naturally consequent upon the ignorance and mistakes inseparable from mortality.\" The Sin of Adam. 16. What is the second g7xat mystery connected with tJie origin of sin ? How could sin originate in the will of a creature created with a positively holy disposition ? The difficulty is to reconcile understandingly the fact that sin did so originate — 1st. With the known constitution of the human will. If the volitions are as tlie prevalent affections and desires, and if the affections and desires excited by outward occasions are good or evil, according to the permanent moral state of the will, how could a sinful volition originate in a holy will ? or how could the permanent state of his soul become spontane- ously unholy? 2d. With universal experience. As it is impossible that a sinful desire or volition should originate in the holy will of 21 322 THE NATURE OF SIN AND THE SIN OF ADAM. God, or in the holj^ M-ill of saints and angels, or that a truly holy affection or volition should originate in the depraved wills of fallen men Avithout supernatural regeneration (Luke vi. 43-45), how could a sinful volition originate in the holy will of Adam ? That Adam was created with a holy yet fallible will, and that he did fall, are facts established by divine testimony. We must believe them, although we can not rationally explain them. This is for us impossible — 1st. Because there remains an inscrutable element in the human will, adopt whichever theory of it we may. 2d. Because all our reasoning must be based upon con- sciousness, and no other man ever had in his consciousness the experience of Adam. The origin of our sinful volitions is plain enough. But we lack some of the data necessary to ex- plain his case. In the way of approximation, however, we may observe— 1st. It is unsound to reason from the independent will of the infinite God to the dependent will of the creature. 2d. The infallibility of saints and angels is not inherent, but is a superinduced conjirmmg grace of God. They are not in a state of probation. Adam was — his will was free, but not confirmed. 3d. The depraved will of man can not originate holy affec- tions and volitions, because the presence of a positively holy principle is necessaiy to constitute them holy. But, on the other hand, there were already in the holy will of Adam many principles morally indifferent, in themselves neither good nor bad, and becoming sinful only wdien, in default of the control of reason and conscience, they prompt to their indulgence in ways forbidden by God; e. q., admiration and appetite for the fruit, and desire for knowledge. The sin coiumenced the moment that, under the powerful persuasion of Satan, these two motives were dwelt upon in spite of the prohibition, and thus allowed to become so prevalent in tlie soul as temporarily to neutralize reverence for God's authority, and fear of his threatening. 4th. Adam, although endowed with a holy disposition, was inexperienced in the assaults of temptation. 5th. He was assailed through the morally indifferent princi- ples of his nature by a vastly superior intelligence and char- acter, to whom, in the highest sense, the origin of all sin must be referred. 17. What appears from the history of the Fall to have been the precise nature of the first sin of Adam? THE EFFECT OF ADAM'S SIN ON HIMSELF. 323 It appears from the record (Gen. iii. 1-6) that the initial influences inducing our first parents, in their first transgression, were in themselves considered morally indifferent. These were — 1st. Natural appetite for the attractive fruit. 2d. Natural de- sire for knowledge. 3d. The persuasive power of Satan upon Eve, including the known influence of a superior mind and will. 4th. The persuasive power of both Satan and Eve upon Adam. Their dreadful sin appears to have been essentially — 1st. Unbelief, they virtually made God a liar. 2d. Deliberate disobedience, they set up their will as a law in place of his.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "105", "sort_key": 105, "group": "Chapter XVIII", "question": "What  relation  did  God  sustain  to  Adams  sin?", "answer": "Concerning the relation sustained by God to the sin of Adam all we know is — 1st. God created Adam holy, with all natural powers necessary for accountable agency. 2d. He rightfully withheld from him, during his probation, any higher supernat- ural influence necessary to render him infallible. 3d. He neither caused nor approved Adam's sin. 4th. He sovereignly decreed to permit him to sin, thus determining that he should sin as he did.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "106", "sort_key": 106, "group": "Chapter XVIII", "question": "What  luas  the  effect  of  Adams  sin  upon  himself?", "answer": "1st. In the natural relation which Adam sustained to God as the subject of his moral government, his sin must have in- stantly had the effect of (1) displeasing and alienating God, and (2) of depraving his own soul. 2d. In the covenant relation which Adam sustained to God the penalty of the covenant of Avorks was incurred, i. e., death, including, (1) mortality of body, (2) corruption of soul, (3) sen- tence of eternal death. 20. In lohat sense did lie become totally depraved, and hoiv coidd total depravity result from one sin ? By the afiirmation that total depravity was the immediate result of Adam's first sin, it is not meant that he became as bad as he could be, or even as corrupt as the best of his unre- generate descendants ; but it is meant — 1st. His apostasy from God was complete. God demands perfect obedience. Adam was now a rebel in arms. 2d. That the favor and communion of God, the sole condition of his spiritual life, was withdrawal. 3d. A schism was introduced into the soul itself The pain- ful reproaches of conscience were excited, and could never be allayed wdthout an atonement. This led to fear of God, distrust, prevarication, and, by necessary consequence, to in- numerable other sins. 32-4 THE NATURE OF SIN AND THE SIN OF ADAM. 4th. Thus the whole nature became depraved. The will being at war with the conscience, the understanding- became darkened; the conscience, in consequence of constant outrage and neglect, became seared; the appetites of the body inordi- nate, and its members instruments of unrighteousness. 5th. There remained in man's nature no recuperative princi- ple ; he must go on from worse to worse, unless God interpose. Thus the soul of man being essentially active, although one sin did not establish a confirmed habit, it did alienate God and work confusion in the soul, and thus lead to an endless course of sin. The Consequences of Adam's sin to his posterity are — 1st. The judicial charging of the legal responsibility of that sin upon all at their creation whom he represented in the Covenant of Works. 2d. The consequent birth of each of his descendants in a state of exclusion from the life-giving communion of the divine Spirit. 3d. The consequent loss of original righteous- ness, and the inherent and prevailing tendency to sin which is the invariable moral condition of each of his descendants from birth. 4th. The absolute moral inability of men to change their natures or to fulfil their obligations. For reasons which will appear subsequently, the subjects connected with man's natural moral corruption and impotency, are discussed before the subject of Imputation, or the reason and method of the passing over of the consequences of Adam's sin from him to his descendants.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "107", "sort_key": 107, "group": "Chapter XIX", "question": "Hoio  is  original  sin  to  he  defined  ?", "answer": "See \"Confession of Faith,\" Chapter vi. ; \"L. Cat.,\" Questions 25, 26; \"S. Cat,\" Question 18. The phrase, original sin, is used sometimes to include the , judicial imputation of the guilt of Adam's sin, as well as the iv'^ hereditary moral corruption, common to all his descendants, ' !?S which is one of the consequences of that imputation. ]More / strictly, however, the phrase original sin designates only the/y hereditary moral corruption common to all men from birth. |' In the definition of this doctrine we deny — 1st. That this corruption is in any sense physical, that it inheres in the essence of the soul, or in any of its natural fac- ulties as such. 2d. That it consists primarily in the mere supremacy of the sensual part of our nature. It is a depraved habit or bias of will. 3d. That it consists solely in the absence of holy dispositions, because, from the inherent activity of the soul, sin exhibits itself from the beginning in the way of a positive proneness to evil. On the other hand, wb affirm — 1st. That original sin is purely moral, being the innate proneness of the ^yil^ |o eyjl. 2d. That having its seat in the will averse to the holy law of God, it biasses the understanding, and thus deceives the conscience, leads to erroneous moral judgments, to blindness of mind, to deficient and perverted sensibility in relation to moral objects, to the inordinate action of the sensuous nature, and thus to corruption of the entire soul. 3d. Thus it presents two aspects: (1.) The loss of the original righteous habit of will. (2.) The presence of a positively un- righteous habit. 326 ORIGINAL SLY. 4th. Yet from the fact that this innate depravity does embrace a positive disposition to evil, it does not follow that a positive evil quality has been infused into the sonl. Because, from the essentially active nature of the soul, and from the essential nature of virtue, as that which obliges the will, it evidently follows that moral indifference is impossible; and so that depravity, which President Edwards says \" comes from a defective or privative cause,\" instantly assumes a positive form. Not to love God is to rebel against him, not to obey virtue is to trample it under foot. Self-love soon brings us to fear, then to hate the vindicator of righteousness. — Edwards on \"Original Sin,\" Part IV., sec. 2.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "108", "sort_key": 108, "group": "Chapter XIX", "question": "Why  is  this  sin  called  original?", "answer": "Not because it belongs to the original constitution of our nature as it came forth from the hand of God, but because, 1st, it is derived by ordinary generation from Adam, the original root of the human race ; and 2d, it is the inward root or origin of all the actual sins that defile our lives. This sin is also technically styled Peccatum Hahituale, or the sin which consists in a morally corrupt habit or state of soul, in distinction from imputed sin and actual sin. 3. Hoiv may it he jyroved that the doctrine of original sin does not involve the corruption of the suhstance of the soul ? It is the universal judgment of men that there are in the soul, besides its essence and its natural faculties, certain habits, innate or acquired, which qualify the action of those faculties, and constitute the character of the man. Those habits, or inhe- rent dispositions which determine the affections and desires of the will, govern a man's actions, and, when good, are the sub- jects of moral approbation, and, when evil, the subjects of moral disapprobation on the part of all men. An innate moral habit of soul, €. g., original sin, is no more a physical corruption than any acquired habit, intellectual or moral, is a physical change. Besides this, the Scriptures distinguish between the sin and the agent in a way which proves that the sinful habit is not something consubstantial with the sinner, Rom. vii. 17; \"sin that dwelleth in me,\" Heb. xii. 1, etc. 4. Hoio can it be shoivn that original sin does not consist in dis- ease, or merely in the szipremacy of the sensuous part of our nature? While it is true that many sins have their occasions in the inordinate appetites of the body, yet it is evident the original or root of sin can not be in them — 1st. From the very nature of sin it must have its seat in the CORRUPTION OF THE WHOLE NATURE. 327 moral state of the voluntary principle. Disease, or any form of physical disorder, is not vohmtary, and therefore not an element of moral responsibility. It is, moreover, the obligation of the will to regulate the lower sensuous nature, and sin must orig- inate in the failure of those moral affections which would have been supreme if they still continued to reign in the will. 2d. From the fact that the most heinous sins are destitute of any sensuous element, e. (/., pride, anger, malice, and aversion FROM God. 5. How can it he proved that this innate disposition or habit of soul, which leads to sinfid action, is itself sin ? 1st. This innate habit of soul is a state of the will, and it is an ultimate principle that all the states as Avell as acts of the will related to the law of conscience are moral, i. c, either virtuous or vicious. — See above. Chapter XV., Questions 9 and 10. 2d. These permanent habits or states of the will constitute the moral character of the agent, which all men regard as the proper subject of praise or blame. 3d. This inherent disposition to sinful action is called \"sin\" in Scriptm^e. — Rom. vi. 12, 14, 17; vii. 5-17. It is called \"flesh\" as opposed to \"spiritual,\" Gal. v. 17, 24; also \"lust,\" James i. 14, 15; and \"old Adam\" and \"body of sin,\" Eom. vi. 6; also \" ignorance,\" \" blindness of heart,\" \" alienation from the life of God,\" and a condition of \" being past feeling,\" Eph. iv. 18, 19. 6. Hoio can it he shown that original sin does not consist simply in the luant of original righteousness ? 1st. It follows from the inherent activity of the human soul, and from the inherently obliging power of moral right, that the absence of right dispositions immediately leads to the formation of positively sinful dispositions. Not to love God is to hate him, not to obey him is to disobey. Disobedience leads to fear, to falsehood, and to every form of sin. — See above. Question 1. 2d. As a matter of fact, innate depravity exhibits its pos- itive character by giving birth to sins, involving positive vi- ciousness in the earliest stages of accountable agency, as pride, malice, etc. 3d. The Scriptures assign it a positive character, when they apply to it such terms as \"flesh,\" \"concupiscence,\" \"old man,\" \" laAV in the members,\" \"body of sin,\" \"body of death,\" \"sin taking occasion,\" \" deceived me,\" and \" wrought all manner of concupiscence.\" — Rom. vii. / 7. Hoio may it he shown that it affects the entire man / p Original sin has its seat in the will, and primarily consists 328 ORIGINAL SIN. in that proneness to unlawful dispositions and affections which is the innate habit of the human soul. But the several facul- ties of the human soul are not separate agents. The one soul acts in each function as an indivisible agent, its several facul- ties or powers after their kind mutually qualifying one another. When the soul is engaged in 'understanding an object, or an aspect of any object, e. r/., mathematics, with which its affec- tions are not concerned, then its action has no moral element. But when it is engaged in understanding an object with respect to which its depraved affections are perversely interested, its action must be biassed. The consequence, therefore, of the sinful bias of the will in its controlling influence over the exercises of the soul, in all its functions, will be — 1st. The understanding, biassed by the perverted affections, acting concurrently with the moral sense in forming moral judgments, will lead to erroneous judgments, to a deceiving conscience, and to general \"blindness of mind\" as to mora\"l subjects. 2d. The emotions and sensibilities which accompany the judgments of conscience in approving the good and in con- demning the wrong, by repeated outrage and neglect, will be rendered less lively, and thus lead to a seared conscience, and general moral insensibility. 3d. In a continued course of sinful action the memory will become defiled with its stores of corrupt experiences, from which the imagination also must draw its materials. 4th. The body in its turn w^ill be corrupted. (1.) Its natural appetites will become inordinate in the absence of proper con- trol. (2.) Its active powers will be used as \"instruments of unrighteousness unto sin.\" 5th. The Scriptures teach — (1.) That the understanding of the \" natural man \" is depraved as well as his affections. — 1 Cor. ii. 14; 2 Cor. iy. 4; Eph. iv. 18; Col. i. 21. (2.) That regeneration involves illumination as well as renewal of the heart.— Acts xxvi. 18; Eph. i. 18; v. 8; 1 Pet. ii. 9. (3.) That truth addressed to the understanding is the great instrument of the Spirit in regenex'ation and sanctification. — John xvii. 17; James i. 18. 8. Wlxat is meant by the affirmation that man by nature is totally dej^raved ? By this orthodox phrase it is not to be understoo]), 1st, that the depraved man has not a conscience. The virtuousness of an agent does not consist in his having a conscience, but in the conformity of the dispositions and affections of his wdll'to the law of which conscience is the or<»-an. Even the devils TOTAL DEPRAVITY, ITS NATURE AND EVIDENCE. 329 and lost souls retain their sense of right and wrong, and those vindicatory emotions with which conscience is armed. Or, 2d, that nnregenerate men, possessing a natural con- science, do not often admire virtuous character and actions in others. Or, 3d, that they are incapable of disinterested affections and actions in their various relations with their fellow-men. Or, 4th, that any man is as thoroughly depraved as it is pos- sible for him to become, or that each man has a disposition inclined to every form of sin. But IT IS MEANT — Ist. That virtue consisting in the con- formity of the dispositions of the will with the law of God, and the very soul of virtue consisting in the allegiance of the soul to God, every man by nature is totally alienated in his governing disposition from God, and consequently his every act, whether morally indifferent, or conformed to subordinate principles of right, is vitiated by the condition of the agent as a rebel. 2d. That this state of will leads to a schism in the soul, and to the moral perversion of all the faculties of soul and body (see preceding question.) 3d. The tendency of this condition is to further corruption in endless progression in every department of our nature, and this deterioration would, in every case, be incalculably more rapid than it is, if it were not for the supernatural restraints of the Holy Ghost. 4tli. There remains no recuperative element in the soul. Man can only and forever become worse without a miraculous recreation. 9. Wliat 'proof of the doctrine of original sin may be derived from the history of the Fall ? God created man in his own image, and pronounced him as a moral agent to be veiy good. He threatened him with death in the veiy da}'- that he should eat the forbidden fruit, and only in the sense of spiritual death was that threat literally fulfilled. The spiritual life of man depends upon communion with God; but God drove him at once forth in anger from his presence. Consequently the present spiritual state of man is declared to be \" death,\" the very penalty threatened. — Eph. ii. 1 ; 1 John iii., 14. 10. What is the aecount ivhicli the Scriptures give of human nature., and hoio can the existence of an innate hereditary depravity he thence inferred ? The Scriptures represent all men as totally alienated from God, and morally depraved in their understandings, hearts, wills, consciences, bodies, and actions. — Rom. iii. 10-23; viii. 7; 330 ORIGINAL SIN. Job xiv. 4; xv. 14; Gen. vi. 5; viii. 21; Matt. xv. 19; Jer. xvii. 9; Is. i. 5, 6. This depravity of man is declared to be, 1st, of the act, 2d, of the heart, 3d, from birtli and by nature, 4th, of all men without exception. — Ps. li. 5; John iii. 6; Eph. ii. 3; Ps. Iviii. 3. 11. State the evidence for the truth of this doctrine afforded hy Ptom. V. 12-21. Paul here proves that the guilt, — legal obligation to suffer the penalty, — of Adam's sin is imputed to us, by the imquestion- able fact that the penalty of the law which Adam broke has been inflicted upon all. But that penalty Avas all penal evil, death physical, spiritual, eternal. Original sin, therefore, to- gether with natural death, is in this passage assumed as an undeniable fact, upon which the apostle constructs his argu- ment for the imputation of Adam's sin. 12. Hoio is the truth of this doctrine estahlished hy the fact of the general prevalence of sin ? All men, under all circumstances, in every age of the world, and under whatever educational influences they may be brought up, begin to sin uniformly as soon as they enter upon moral agency. A universal effect must have a universal cause. Just as we judge that a man is by nature an intelligence, because the actions of all men involve an element of intelligence, so we as certainly judge that man is by nature depraved, because all men act sinfully. 13. If Adam sinned, though free from any corruption of nature^ how does the fact that his posterity sin prove that their nature is corrupt ? The fact that Adam sinned proves that a moral agent may be at once sinless and fallible, and that such a being, left to himself, may sin, but with respect to his posterity the question is, what is the universal and uniform cause that every indi- vidual always certainly begins to sin as soon as he begins to act as a moral agent? The question in the one case is, Hoio could such cm one sin ? but in the other. Why do cdl certainly sin from the beginning ? 14. B]i ivhat other ohjections do Pelagians and others attempt to avoid the force of the argument from the universality of sin ? 1st. Those who maintain that the liberty of indifference is essential to responsible agency, and that volitions are not de- termined by the precedent moral state of the mind, attribute DOCTRINE PROVED. 331 all sinful actions to the fact that the will of man is uncondi- tioned, and insist that his acting as he acts is an ultimate fact. In answer, we acknowledge that a man always wills as he pleases, but the question is, Why does he always certainly please to will wrong ? An indifferent cause can not account for a uni- form fact. The doctrine of original sin merely assigns the de- praved character of the will itself as the uniform cause of the uniform fact. 2d. Others attempt to explain the facts by the universal influence of sinful example. We ansAver: (1.) Children uniformly manifest depraved dispositions at too early a period to admit of that sin being rationally attributed to the influence of example. (2.) Children manifest depraved dispositions who have been brought up from birth in contact with such influences only as would incline them to holiness. 3d. Others, again, attempt to explain the facts by referring to the natural order in the development of our faculties, e. g., first the animal, then the intellectual, then the moral : thus the lower, by anticipating, subverts the higher. For answer, see above. Question 4. Besides, while this is an imperfect explanation, it is yet a virtual admission of the fact of innate hereditary depravity. Such an order of devel- opment, leading to such uniform consequences, is itself a total corruption of nature. 15. What argument for the doctrine of original sin may he derived from the universality of death? The penalty of the law was death, including death spiritual, physical, and moral. Physical death is universal ; eternal death, temporarily suspended for Christ's sake, is denounced upon all the impenitent. As one part of the penalty has taken effect, even upon infants, who have never been guilty of actual trans- gression, we must believe the other part to have taken effect likewise. Brutes, who also suffer and die, are not moral agents, nor were they ever embraced in a covenant of life, and there- fore their case, although it has its own peculiar difficulties, is not analogous to that of man. Geology affirms that brutes suffered and die.d in successive generations before the creation and apostasy of man. Tliis is at present one of the unsolved questions of God's providence. — See Hugh Miller's \"Testimo- nies of the Rocks.\" 16. Hoio may it he proved hy luhat the Scri'ptures say concern- ing regeneraiion ? The Scriptures declare — 332 ORIGINAL SIN. 1st. That regeneration is a radical change of the moral char- acter, wrought by the Holy Ghost in the exercise of supernat- ural power. It is called \"a new creation\"; the regenerated are called \" God's workmanship, created unto good works,\" etc. Ezek. xxxvi. 2(3; Eph. i. 19; ii. 5, 10; iv. 24; 1 Pet. i. 23; James i. 18. 2d. Regeneration is declared to be necessary absolutely and universally. — John iii. 3; 2 Cor. v. 17. 17. Hoio may it he j)roved from ivliat the Scrijjtures say of redemption ? The Scriptures assert of redemption — 1st. As to its nature, that the design and effect of Christ's sacrifice is to deliver, by means of an atonement, all his people from the poiver as well as from the (luilt of sin. — Eph. v. 25-27; Titus ii. lf;\"'Reb. ix. 12-14; xiii. 12. \" 2d. As to its necessity, that it was absolutely necessary for all — for infants who never have committed actual sin, as well as for adults. — Acts iv. 12; Eom. iii. 25, 26; Gal. ii. 21 and iii. 21, 22; Matt. xix. 14; Eev. i. 5; v. 9. Some have essayed to answer, that Christ only redeemed infants from the \"liability to sin.\" But redemption being an atonement by blood, the \"just for the unjust,\" if infants be not sinners they can not be redeemed. A sinless liability to sin is only a misfortune, and can admit of no redemption. — See Dr. Taylor's \" Concio ad Clerum\" (New Haven, 1828), pp. 24, 25; also Harvey's Review of the same (Hartford, 1829), p. 19. 18. State the evidence afforded by infant baptism. Baptism, as circumcision, is an outward rite, signifying the inward grace of spiritual regeneration and purification. — Mark i. 4; John iii. 5; Titus iii. 5; Deut. x, 16; Rom. ii. 28, 29. Both of these rites were designed to be applied to infants. The ap- plication of the sign would be both senseless and profane if infants did not need, and were not capable of the thing signified. 19. If God is the author of our natm^e, and our nature is sinful, how can ive avoid the conclusion that God is the author of sin ? That conclusion would be unavoidable if, 1st, sin was an essential element of our nature, or if, 2d, it inhered in that na- ture originally, as it came from God. But we know, 1st, that sin originated in the free act of man, created holy, yet fallible; 2d, that entire corruption of nature sprang from tliat sin ; and, 3d, that in consequence of sin God has justly withdrawn the conservative influences of his Holy SIN AGAINST THE HOLY GHOST. 333 Spirit, and left men to the natural and penal consequences of their sin. — See Calvin's \"Instit:,\" Lib. II., Chap. I., sees. 6 and 11. 20. Hoio can this doctrine he reconciled luitli the liberty of man and his responsibility for his acts? Ist. Consciousness affirms that a man is always responsible for his free actions, and tha.t his act is always freewlien he wills as, upon the whole, he prefers to will. 2d. Original sin consists in corrupt dispositions, and, therefore, in every sin a man acts freely, because he acts precisely as he is disposed to act. 3d. Consciousness affirms that inajaility is not inconsistent with responsibility. The inherent habit or disposition of the will determines his action, but no man, by a mere choice or volition, can change his disposition. — See Chap. XVUi., Ques- tions 4 and 25. 21. ffoio is this corruption of nature propagated? n ^«^ *■<-\"-'*''\"' See below, under Chapter XXL", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "109", "sort_key": 109, "group": "Chapter XIX", "question": "In  lohat  sense  may  sin  he  the p>un{shment  of  sin?", "answer": "1st. In the way of natural consequence (1) in the interior W'Orking of the soul itself, in the derangement of its powers; (2) in the entangled relations of the sinner with God and his fellowmen. . 2d. In the way of judicial abandonment. Because of sin God withdraws his Holy Spirit, and further sin is the conse- quence.— Rom. i. 24-28. 23. What do the Scriptures teach concerning tlw sin against the Holy Ghost? See Matt. xii. 31, 32; Mark iii. 29, 30; Heb. vi. 4-6; x. 26, 27; 1 John V. 16. These passages appear to teach that this sin consists in the malicious rejection of the blood of Christ, and of the testimony of the Holy Ghost against evidence and conviction. It is called the sin against the Holy Ghost because he is immediately pres- ent in the heart of the sinner, and his testimony and influence is directly rejected and contemptuously resisted. It is unpar- donable, not because its guilt transcends the merit of Christ, or the state of the siinier transcends the renewing power of the Holy Ghost, but because it consists in the final rejection of these, and because at this limit God has sovereignly staid his grace. 24. What are the main positions involved in the Pelagian doc- trine of original sin ? 334 ORIGINAL SIN. The system called Pelagian originated with Pelagins in his controversies with St. Angustine in the beginning of the fifth century, and was afterwards completely developed by the disci- ples of Faustus and La^lius Socinns in the sixteenth century, is embodied in the Racovian Catechism, and prevails among the English and American Unitarians of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It embraces the following points : 1st. Adam's sin affected himself alone. 2d. Infants are born in the same moral state in Avhich Adam was created. 3d. Every man possesses plenary ability to sin or to repent and obey whenever he will. 4th. Re- sponsibility is in exact proportion to ability ; and God's demands are adjusted to the various capacities (moral as well as consti- tutional) and circumstances of men. 25. Wliat are tlue main positions involved in the Semipelagian doctrine ? According to the critical estimate of Wiggers in his \" Hist. Present, of Augustinianism and Pelagianism,\" Pelagianism re- gards man as morally and spiritually well. Semipelagianism regards him as sick. Augustinianism regards him as dead. The current positions of Semipelagianism during the middle ages were — 1st. Denial of the imputation of the guilt of Adam's sin. 2d. Acknowledgment of a morbid condition of man's moral nature from birth by inheritance from Adam. 3d. Which mor- bid condition is not itself sin but the certain cause of sin. 4th. | It involves the moral powers of the soul to such an extent that no man can fulfil the requirements either of the law or of the gos]Del without divine assistance. Man, however, has the power to hexjin to act aright, when God seeing his eftbrt, and knowing that otherwise it would be fruitless, gives him the gracious help he needs. The doctrine of the Arminians, and the \" Synergism \" of ]\\Ielanchthon amount practically to very much the same thing with the statements just made. The main difference is that the Semipelagians held that man can and must begin the work of repentance and obedience when God instantly co-operates with him. While the Arminians and Synergists held that man is so far depraved that he needs grace to dispose and enable him to begin as well as to continue and to succeed in the work, but that all men as a matter of fact have the same common grace acting upon them, which grace eftects nothing until the rnan voluntarily co-operates witii it, when it becomes effica- cious througli that co-operation. The Greek Church, which occupies the same general posi- tion as to original sin and grace, holds — 1st. Original sin is r^' VARIOUS VIEWS. 335 not voluntary and therefore not true sin. 2d. The influence of Adam extends only to the sensuous, and not to the rational nor moral nature of his descendants, and hence it extends to their will only through the sensuous nature. 3d. Infants are guiltless because they possess only a physical propagated na- ture. 4th. The human will takes the initiative in regeneration but needs divine assistance. This is Semipelagianism. While the corresponding Arminian position is that grace takes the in- itiative in regeneration but depends for its effect upon human co-operation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "110", "sort_key": 110, "group": "Chapter XIX", "question": "What  is  the  Neio  Haven  view  on  this  subject  ?", "answer": "Dr. Nathaniel W. Taylor, of New Haven, the prince of American new school theology, taught that sin consists solely in acts of the will. That \" original sin is man's own act, con- sisting in a free choice of some object rather than God as his chief good.\" He includes in this definition the permanent gov- erning preference of the will, which determines special and transient acts of choice; Avhich preference is formed by each human being as soon as he becomes a moral agent, and is uni- formly a preference of some lesser good in place of God. He maintains also that the nature of man, in the condition in which it comes into being, in consequence of Adam's fall, is the occasion, not the cause, of all men invariably making a wrong moral preference, and consequently original sin is by nature in the sense that the will enacts it freely though uni- formly as occasioned by nature, yet that the nature itself, or its inherent tendency to occasion sin, is not itself sin, or ill- deserving. — See \"Concio ad Clerum,\" New Haven, 1828, and Harvey's Review thereof. 27. What is the Romish doctrine as to the change effected in the moved mdure of man by the fall ? See below the public statements of the various churches. 28. Whcd distinction do the Romanists make betiveen mortal and venial sins ? By mortal sins they mean those that turn away the soul from God, and forfeit baptismal grace. By venial sins they mean those which only impede the course of the soul to God. See below Bellarmin, quoted under \"Authoritative Statement of Church Doctrine,\" etc. The objections are — 1st. This distinction is never made in the Scriptures. 2d. Except for tlie sacrifice of Christ, every sin is mortal. — James ii. 10; Gal. iii. 10. 336 ORIGINAL SIN. The Authokitative Statements of Chuech Docteine. EosnsH DocTKiNE. — \"■Council of Trenl,\" Sess. v. Can. 2. — \"If any one shall assert tliat tlie apostasy of Adam injured himself alone and not his posterity; and that he lost the sanctity and righteousness received from God, for himself alone and not also for us, his posterity; or that the stain which results from the sin of disobedience, death, and physical evils only have overflowed over the whole human race, and not also sin which is the disease of the soul — anathema sit.\" lb., Sess. vi. CajD. 1. \"The Holy Synod declares that in order properly to understand the doctrine of justification it is necessary that every one should acknowl- edge and confess that since all men lost their innocency in the apostasy of Adam, so that .... they are servants of sin, under the power of the devil and of death . . . nevertheless in them free ■will is by no means extinct, although it is weakened as to its strength and biassed. \" lb., Sess. vi. Can. 5. — \"If any one shall say that the free-Avill of man has been lost and extinguished in consequence of the sin of Adam anathema sit.\" Can. 7. — \"If any one shall say that all works performed by a man anterior to justification (regeneration), from whatever reason performed, are true sins which merit the hatred of God, or that the more vehemently one may strive to dispose himself to grace, only the more grievously he sins — anathema sit.\" BellaDnin, ''Amiss. Grati<t,\" iii. 1. — \"The penalty which properly stands over against the first sin, is the loss of original righteousness and of the supernatural gifts with which God had furnished our nature. \"Z)e Gh'atia primi horn.,\" 1. — \"They (the Catholics) teach that, through the sin of Adam the whole man was truly deteriorated, but that he has not lost free will nor any other of the dona naturalia, but only the dojia siiper- naturalia.\" Ih., c. 5. — \"Wherefore the state of man since the fall of Adam does not differ more from his state in pur is naturalibus {i. e., as created and antecedent to his endowment with the dona su/jernaiura/ia, see Statement of Bomish Doctrine end of Ch. XVI.) than a man robbed of his clothes differs from one originally naked, neither is human nature any worse (if you subtract original guilt) nor does it labor under greater ignorance and infirmity, than it was and did as created in pur is natural- ibus. Whence it follows that corruption of natvire does not result from the loss of any gift, nor from the accession of any evil quality, but only from the loss of the supernatural gift because of the sin of Adam.\" \"Amiss. Gra.,\" v. 5. — \" The question between us and our adversaries is not whether human nature has been grievously depraved through the sin of Adam. For that we freely confess. Neither is the question whether this depravity pei'taius in any manner to original sin, so that it may be spoken of as the material of that sin. But the whole contro- versy is whether that corruption of nature and especially concupiscence per se and of its own nature, as it is found in the baptized and justified, is properly original sin. This the Catholics deny.\" Ltjthekan Doctbine. — ''Formula Concordia^\" p. 640. — \" (It is to be believed) — 1st. That this hereditary evil is fault or guilt (ill-desert) by which on account of the disobedience of Adam and Eve, we all are made subject to the Avrath of God, and are by nature children of wrath, as the Apostle testified (Rom. v. 12, sqq., Ejih. ii. 3). 2d. That there is through all a total want, defect, and i)rivation of that original righteousness con- created in Paradise, or of that image of God in Avhich man in the be- ginning was created in truth, holiness, and righteousness ; and there is at the same time that inipoteucy and incapacity, that weakness and AUTHORITATIVE CREED STATEMENTS. 337 stupidity, by wliich man is rendered utterly incapable of all things divine or spiritual. . . . 3d. Moreover that original sin in human nature does not only involve the total loss and absence of all good in matters spiritual and xjertaiuing to God; but that also in the place of the lost likeness to God there is in man an inward, most evil, profound (like an abyss), inscrutable, and ineffable corruption of the whole nature and of all the ijowers, and primarily in the principle and superior faculties of the soul, in the mind, intellect, heart, and will. Ih., p. 645. — \"But although this original sin infects and corrupts the whole nature of man, as a kind of sj)iritual poison and leprosy (as Dr. Luther says), so that now in oiar corruj^ted nature it is not possible to show to the eye these two apart, the nature alone, or the original sin alone; nevertheless that corruiJt nature, or substance of the corrujit man, the body and soul, or the man himself as created by God in whom the original sin dwells, is not one and the same with that original sin which dwells in the nature or essence of man and corrui^ts it; just as in the body of a leper, the leprous body and the lejjrosy itself, wliich is in the body, is not one and the same. Eefoemed Doctbine. — '■'■Bdgic Confession\" Art. 15. — \" (Peccatum originis) is that corruption of the whole nature and that hereditary vice, by which even themselves in their mothers' wombs are polluted, and which, as a root, produces every kind of sin in man, and is therefore so base and execrable in the sight of God, that it suffices to the condem- nation of the human race.\" ''Gallic Gonf.,'\" Ai't. 11. — \"We believe that this vice (originis) is true sin, which makes all and every man, not even excepting little infants, hitherto hiding in the womb of their mothers, deserving (reos) before God of eternal death.\" \"■Thirty-nine Articles of Gh. of Eng.\" Art. 9. — \" (Original or birth sin) is the fault and corruption of the nature of every man, that naturally is engendered of the olfspring of Adam; whereby man is very far gone from original righteoiisuess, and is of his own nature inclined to evU, so that the llesh lusteth always contrary to the sjiirit; and therefore in every person born into this world, it deserveth God's wrath and damnation. \" Remonstrant DocTKiNE. — '■'Apol. Gonf. Remonstrcmt., j). 84. — \"They (the Eemonstrants) do not regard original sin as sin jDroperly so called, nor as an evil which as a penalty, in the strict sense of that word, passes over from Adam upon his posterity, but as an evil, infirmity, or vice, or whatever name it may be designated by, which is propagated from Adam, deprived of original righteousness, to his posterity. Limborch '■'Tlieol. Christ.,\" iii. 3, 4. — \"We confess also that infants are born less pure than Adam was created, and with a certain propensity to sinning, but this they receive not so much from Adam, as from their immediate parents, since if it were from Adam, it ought to be equal in aU men. But now it is in the highest degree unequal, and ordinarily childi'en are inclined to the sins of their parents. SociNiAN DoGTKiNE. — ''Rdcovion Giitechism,\" -p. 294. — \"And the fall of Adam, since it was one act, could not have had the power of corrupt- ing the nature of Adam himself, much, less that of his posterity. We do not deny, however, that from the constant habit of sinning, the nature of man has become infected with a certain fall and excessive proclivity to sinning. But we deny that this is per se sin, or of that nature.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "111", "sort_key": 111, "group": "Chapter XX", "question": "What  is  the  Arminian  explanation  of  this  fact?", "answer": "1st. They admit that all men inherit from Adam a corrupt nature predisposing them to sin, but they deny that this innate condition is itself properly sin, or involves guilt or desert of punishment. 2d. They affirm that it was consistent with the justice of God to allow this great evil to come upon all men at birth, only in view of the fact that he had determined to introduce an adequate compensation in the redemption of Christ, impartially intended for all men, and the sufficient influences of his grace which all men experience, and which restores to all ability to do right, and therefore full personal responsibility. Hence, in- fants are not under condemnation. Condemnation attaches to no man until he has abused his gracious ability. In the gift of Christ, God redresses the wrong done us by allowing Adam to use his fallen nature as the medium for the propagation CHURCH DOCTRINE STATED. 353 of sinful children. — Dr. D. D. Whedon, \"Bibliotlieca Sacra,\" April, 1862, \"Conf Rem.,\" vii. 3, Liinborcli, \"Theol. Christ,\" iii., 3, 4, 5, G7. We object to this doctrine. — (1.) Tliat our condemnation in Adam is of jitstice, and our redemption in Christ of Grace. (2.) The remedy of the compensatory system is not applied to many heathen, etc. (3.) The view is inconsistent with Script- ural doctrines as to sin, inability, regeneration, etc., etc. 8. What has been the prevalent ansiver given hy New England Theologians since the days of Dr. Hojjhins ? Dr. Hopkins taught the doctrine of divine efficiency in the production of sin. This, of course, dissolves the question as to the justice of God in bi-inging Adam's descendants into the world as sinners, since he is the ultimate cause of all sin. Later New England divines discard the doctrine of divine efficiency, but they agree with Hopkins in denying imputation, and in referring the law which entails the corruption of Adam upon each of his descendants to a sovereign divine constitution. If this view, while acknowledging that this divine consti- tution is infinitely just and righteous, simply disclaims clear knowledge of its grounds and reasons, we have only to answer, that while in part we sympathize with it, we dare not refuse the partial light thrown upon the problem in Scripture, and exhibited below. But if the design of these theologians be to assert, either (1) that this constitution is not just, or (2) that God's bare will makes it to be just, and that its being sovereign is the ground of its being righteous, Ave protest against it as a grievous heresy. 9. What is the orthodox ansiver to the above question in iclnch the Romish Lutheran and Reformed Theologians as a body concur ? It is certain that while there has been difference of opin- ion and looseness of statement as to the grounds of our just i accountability for Adam's first sin, the whole Church has always / regarded our loss of original rigliteousness and innate moral ' corruption to be a just and righteous, not sovereign, penal ', consequence of Adam's apostatizing act. This is the doctrine, ' agreement with which is alike accordant with Scripture, honor- ing to the moral attributes of God and the equity of his moral government, and conformable to historical ortliodoxy. In the explanation of this doctrine the orthodox have often differed. It is a simple fact that God as a just judge condemned the Avhole race on account of Adam's sin, and condemnation by God, the soiu'ce of life, involves and is justly followed by spir- itual and moral death. 23 35-4 IMPUTATION OF ADAM'S FIRST SIN. 10. Where is the/act asserted in Scripture that God condemned the ivhole race because of Adams apostasy ? Rora. V. 17-19. — \"For if by one man's offence death reigned by one;\" \"Therefore, as by the offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation ; \" \" For as by one man's disobe- dience many were made sinners.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "112", "sort_key": 112, "group": "Chapter XX", "question": "Shoio  that  in  this  doctrine  the  ivhole  Church  has  concurred?", "answer": "The sin of Adam was an act of apostasy. The spiritual desertion and consequent spiritual corruption Avhich immedi- ately occiu-red in his personal experience (the very penalty threatened) was, of course, a just penal consequence of that act. Augustine said (\"De Nupt. et Concup.\" II. xxxiv.) — \" Nothing remains but to conclude that in that first man all are understood to have sinned, because all were in him when he sinned; whereby sin is brought in with birth, and not removed save b}'' the new birth.\" Dr. G. F. Wiggers, the learned expounder of \" Augustinian- ism and Pelagiauism, from the Original Sources,\" says in his statement of Augustine's view of original sin, ch. 5, division 2, § 2. \"The propagation of Adam's sin among his posterity is a punishment of the same sin. The corruption of human nature, in the whole race, was the righteous punishment of the transgression of the first man, in whom all men already existed.\" The \"Council of Trent,\" Sess. v., 1 and 2, says that \"sin wdiich is the death of tlie soul \" was part of that penalty which Adam incurred by his transgression, and which is therefore transmitted to his descendants as well as inflicted on himself\" Bellarmin, ^^ Amiss. Grat.\" iii. 1, says, \"The penalty which properly corresponds with the first sin is the forfeiture of orig- inal righteousness and of those supernatural gifts with which God had furnished our nature.\" Luther (in Genes. 1, p. 98, cap. 5,) says, that the image of Adam in which Seth \\vas begotten \" included original sin, and the penalty of eternal death inflicted because of the sin of Adam.\" Melanchthon (\"Explicatio Symboli Niceni. Corp. Refor.,\" xxiii. 403 and 583) says, \"Adam and Eve merited guilt and depravity for their descendants.\" \" Formula Concordia?,\" p. 639 and p. 643, Hase ed. — \" Espe- cially since by the seduction of Satan, througli the fall, by the just judgment of God in the punishment of men, concreated or original righteousness was lost . . . and human nature corrupted.\" THE CONSENSUS OF THE CHURCHES SHOU\\N. 355 \"Apol. Aug. Conf.,\" p. 58. — \"In Genesis the penalty im- posed for original sin is described. For there was human nature subjected not only to deatli and corporeal evils, but also to the reign of the devil. . . , Defect and concupiscence are both penal evils and sins.\" Quenstedt (tUi88), \" Ques. Theo. Did.,\" Pol. L, 994— \"It was not simply of the good pleasure or the absolute sovereignty of God, but of the highest justice and equity, that the sin, which Adam as the root and origin of the whole himian race committed, should be imputed to us, and propagated in us so as to constitute us guilty.\" Both the Second Helvetic, Ch. 8, and the Gallic Confessions, Art. 9, say that Adam, \"by his own fault {cylpa) became sub- ject to sin, and such as he became after the fall, such are all who were propagated by him, they being subject to sin, death, and various calamities.\" Peter ^lartyr. Professor at Zurich (1500-15G1), as quoted by Turretin (Loco ix., 2, 9, § 43), says, \"Assuredly there is no one who can doubt that original sin (inherent) is inflicted upon us in revenge and punishment of the first fall.\" Calvin. — \"God by a just judgment condemned us to wrath in Adam, and willed us to be born corrupt on account of his sin.\" Ursinus (1534^1583), friend of Melanchthon, professor at Heidelberg and author of the \"Heidelberg Catechism,\" says (Qua?st. 7, pp. 40, 41), \"original sin\" (inherent) \"passes over\" te their descendants, \"not through the body, nor through the soul, but through the impure generation of the whole man, on account of (propter) the guilt of our first parents, on account of which, God, by a just judgment, Avliile he creates our souls, at the same time deprives them of the original rectitude and gifts which he had conferred upon the parents.\" L. Dangeus (1530-1596). — \"There are three things whicli constitute a man guilty before God: 1. The sin flowing from this that Ave have all sinned in the first man. 2. Corruption, which is the punishment of this sin, which fell upon Adam and upon all his posterity. 3. Actual sins.\" Theodore Beza (1519-1605), on Romans xii., etc. — \"As Adam, by the commission of sin, first was made guilty of the wrath of God, then, as being guilty, underwent as the punish- ment of his sin the corruption of soul and body, so also he transmitted to posterity a nature in the first place guilty, next, corrupted.\" J. Arminius, of Leyden (1560-1609). — \"Whatever punish- ment, therefore, was inflicted on our first parents, has gone down through and now rests on all their posterity; so that 356 IMPUTATION OF ADAM'S FIRST SIN. all are children of wrath by nature, being obnoxious to con- demnation . . . and to a destitution of righteousness and true holiness,\" \"are destitute of original righteousness, which penalty is usually called a loss of the divine image, and orig- inal sin.\" G. J. Vossius, Leyden (1577-1649), \"Hist. Pelag.,\" Lb. ii., 1. — 1. \"The Catholic Church has always thus decided, that the first sin is 'imputed to all; that is, that its effects are, according to the just judgment of God, transmitted to all the children of Adam ... on account whereof we are born without original righteousness.\" Synod of Dort (1618). — \"Such as man was after the fall, such children also he begat, . . . by the propagation of a vicious nature, by the just judgment of God.\" Francis Turretin, Geneva (1623-1687), Locus 9, Q. 9, §§ 6, 14. Amesius, \"Medulla Theolog.,\" Lib. prim., cap. 17. — \"2. This propagation of sin consists in two parts, in imputation and in real communication. 3. By imputation that single act of disobe- dience which Adam committed is made also ours. 4. By real communication, not indeed the single sin. 5. Original sin, since it essentially consists in deprivation of original righteousness, and this deprivation follows the first sin as a penalty, this has in the first instance the nature of a penalty rather than of a sin. Inasmuch as that original righteousness is denied by the justice of God, so far forth it is penalty ; inasmuch as it ought to be present and is absent by human fault, so far fortii it is sin. 6. Therefore this privation is handed down from Adam after the manner of ill-desert in so far as it is penalty, and after the manner of real efficiency in so far as it has adjoined to it the nature of sin.\" H. Witsius (1636-1708), \"Economy,\" Bk. L, ch. 8, §§ 33 and 34. — \" It is therefore necessary that the sin of Adam in ^nrtue of the covenant of works, be so laid to the charge of his posterity, Avho were comprised with him in the same covenant, that, on accomit of the demerit of his sin, they are born des- titute of original righteousness,\" etc. \"Formula Consensus Helvetica\" (1675), canon x. — \"But there appears no way in which hereditary corruption could fall, as spiritual death, upon the whole human race by the just judgment of God, unless some sin of that race preceded, incurring the penalty of that death. For God, the supremely just Judge of all the earth, punishes none but the guilty.\" Westminster \"Conf and Cat\"; \" Conf Faith,\" ch. vii., § 2 and ch. vi., § 3; \"L. Cat.,\" 22 and 25; \"S. Cat.,\" 18. President Witherspoon, \"Works,\" Vol. IV., p. 96. — \"It seems very plain that the state of corruption and wicked- IMPUTATION DEFINED. 357 ness which men are now in, is stated in Scripture as being the effect and punishment of Adam's first sin.\" See also the truth of this position affirmed by Dr. The. Chahners, \"Institutes of Theology,\" part 1, ch. 6; and by Dr. William Cunningham; \"Theology of the Keformation,\" Essay vii., § 2; Dr. James Thornwell, \"Collected Writings,\" Vol. L, pp. 479, 559, 561, etc. ; and a learned article by Prof Geo. P. Fisher, of New Haven, Theo. Sem., in the \"New Englander,\" July, 1868. ~' Thus we have the consensus of Catholic and Protestant, Lutheran and Eeformed, of Supralapsarian and Infralapsarian, of Goraar and Arminius, of the Synod of Dort and the West- minster Assembly, of Scotland and of New England. 12, Why was this doctrine expressed technically as the imputa- tion of the guilt of Adams apostatizing act ? and state the meaning of tlue terms. At the Council of Trent Albertus Pighius and Ambrosius Catherinus (F. Paul's \" Hist. Con. Trent,\" Lib. ii., s., 65) main- tained that the imputed guilt of Adam's first sin constituted the only ground of the condemnation which rests upon men at birth. The Council did not allow this heresy, but neverthe- less maintained a rather negative than positive view of man's inherent guilty corruption. Consequently Calvin and all the first Reformers and Creeds were principally concerned in em- phasizing the fact that original sin inherent., as distinguished \\ from original sin imputed, is intrinsically and justly, as moral corruption, worthy of God's wrath and curse. It is the reason why the salvation of infants is refea-red to the sovereign grace of God, and the expiatory merits of Christ, and it continues in adults the source of all actual sin and the main ground of condemnation to eternal death. Infants and adults sufter, and adults are damned on account of the guilt of inherent sin, but never on account of Adam's sin imputed. But when the question is asked why God, either directly or indirectly, brings us into existence tlius corrupt, the whole church answered as above shown, because God has thereby justly punished us for Adam's apostasy. This is technically expressed as the \" imputation to us of the guilt of Adam's act.\" \"Guilt\" is just liability to punishment. The recognition' of guilt is a judicial and not sovereign act of God. \"Imputation\" (the Hebrew iw'n and the Greek XoylZ,oi.iai frequently occurring and translated \"to count,\" \"to reckon,\" \"to impute,\" etc.) is simply to lay to one's charge as a jiist ground of legal procedure, whether the thing imputed antecedently 358 IMPUTATION OF ADAM'S FIRST SIN. belonged to the person to whom it is charged, or for any other adequate reason he is justly responsible for it. Thus not to im- pute sin to the doer of it, is of course graciously to refrain from charging the guilt of his own act or state upon him as a ground of punishment; Avhile to impute righteousness without works is graciously to credit the believer with a righteousness which is not personally his own. — Rom. iv. 6, 8; 2 Cor. v. 19; see Num. XXX. 15; xviii. 22-27, 30; Lev. v. 17, 18; vii. 18; xvi. 22; Rom. ii. 26; 2 Tim. iv. 16, etc. The imputation, i. e., judicial charging of Adam's sin to us, is rather to be considered as contemplating the race as a whole, as one moral body, than as a series of individuals. The race was condemned as a whole, and hence each individual comes into existence in a state of just antenatal forfeiture. Turretin calls it '■'■commune jjcccaium, communis eulpa^' L. 9, Q. 9. This and this alone is what the church has meant by this doctrine. Afterwards in our own persons God condemns us only and most justly because of our inherent moral corruption and our actual transgressions. The imputation of the guilt of Adam's aposta- tizing act to us in common leads judicially to spiritual desertion in particular, and spiritual desertion leads by necessary conse- quence to inherent depravity. The imputation of our sins in common to Christ leads to his desertion (^latt. xxvii. 46), but his temporary desertion leads to no tendency to iidierent sin, because he was the God-man. The imputation of Christ's right- eousness to us is the condition of the restoration of the Holy Ghost, and that restoration leads by necessary consequence to regeneration and sanctification. \" It is only when justifcatio forensls maintains its Reformation position at the head of the process of salvation, that it has any firm or secure standing at all.\"— Dr. J. A. Dorner's \" Hist. Prdt. Theo.,\" Vol. II., p. 160. 13. What is the origin of the Distinction heticeen the 3IecUate and the Immediate ImjDutat ion of Adam's sin, and what has been the usage loith respect to those terms anwng theologians ? As above shown, from the beginning, the universal Church has agreed in holding that the guilt of Adam's first sin was directly charged to the account of tlie human race in mass, just as it was charged to himself, and punished in the race by desertion and consequent depravity, just as it was punished in him. This was uniformly expressed by the technical phrase, the imputation of the guilt of liis first sin to his descendants. In the first half of the seventeenth century, Joshua Placasus, professor at Saumur, was universally understood to deny any imputation of Adam's sin to his posterity, and to admit only inherent innate corruption as derived from Adam by natural MEDIATE AND IMMEDIATE IMPUTATION. 359 generation. This was explicitly condemned by the French National Synod at Charenton, 1G45; and repudiated by all orthodox theologians, Lutheran and Reformed. Placeeus sub- sequently originated the distinction between Immediate and ]\\lediate Imputation. By the former he meant the direct charg- ing of the guilt of Adam's sin antecedent to their own sinful state. By the latter he meant that we are found guilty with Adam of his apostasy because in virtue of inherent depravity we are apostates also. He denied the former and admitted the latter. It is obvious — 1st. That this doctrine of mediate imputation alone is virtually the \" New England Eoot Theory,\" above dis- cussed, which refers the abandoning of the human race to the operation of the natural law of inheritance to the sovereign will, instead of to the just judgment, of God. 2d. It is a denial of the universal doctrine of the Church that Adam's sin is justly charged to his descendants as to him- self, and punished in them by depravity as it was punislied in himself That imputation was obviously, whatever its ground, purely immediate and antecedent. 3d. It is evident that Adam's sin can not at the same time be both immediately and mediately imputed to the same effect. It would be absurd to think that mankind are judicially pini- ished with inherent corruption as a just pmnshment for Adam's sin, and at the same time counted guilty of Adam's sin because they are afl&icted with tiiat punishment. It is for this reason that so many advocates of the church doctrine of immediate imputation deny that imputation can in any sense be mediate. 4th. But the penalty of Adam's sin was \" Death\"; that is, all penal evils, temporal, and eternal. The strongest advocates of immediate imputation, in order to account for the infliction of innate inherent sin, admit that all tlie oilier elements of the pen- alty denounced upon Adam come upon us because of our own inherent and actual sins. — See Turretin, L. 9, Quajs. 9, § 14, and \"Princeton Essays.\" 5th. The immediate imputation of the guilt of Adam's sin is to the race as a whole, and respects each individual antecedently to his existence as a judicial cause of his commencing that ex- istence in a depraved condition. When each single man is con- sidered in himself personally and subsequent to birth, all agree that he is condemned with Adam because of a common inherent depravity and life. 6tli. JNIanj'- found difficulty in conceiving how inherited in- herent corruption can be guilt as well as pollution. Their idea was that a sinful state must originate in the free choice of the pei'son concerned, in order to invoke the moral responsibility 3G0 IMPUTATION OF ADAM'S FIRST SIN. implied by guilt. Yet all acknowledge that inherent corrup- tion is guilt. Some tacitly accounted for this on the principle of Edwards, that \" the essence of the virtue or vice of disposi- tions of the heart lies not in their cause, but in their nature.\" Others, however, held that the guilt inherent in innate sin is due to the fact that this sin is connected as an effect with the apostasy of Adam. If the question then be. Why the race is under ban, and we are allowed to commence our moral agency in a depraved condition ? all the ortliodox answer in terms or in effect, \"Because of the most just immediate imputation of Adam's first sin.\" If the question be, Why are we severally, after birth, judged guilty as well as corrupt, and why are we punished with all the temporal and eternal penal evils denounced upon Adam ? many of the orthodox say, \" Because of our own inherent sin mediating the full imputation of his sin.\" Andrew Quenstedt, Wittenberg (tl688), \"Theo. Did. Pol.,\" I., 998. — \"The first sin of Adam is imputed to us immediately inasmuch as we exist liitherto in Adam. But the sin of Adam is imputed to us mediatel}^ in so far as we are regarded indi- vidually and in our own proper persons.\" F. Turretin, Geneva (tl687), Locus 9, Qua3st. 9, § 14. — \"The penalty which sin brings upon us is either privative or posi- tive. The former is the want or privation of original right- eousness. The latter is death both temporal and eternal, and in general all evils which are sent upon sinners. . . . With respect to the former we say that the sin of Adam is imputed to us immediately to the effect of the privative penalty, be- cause it is the cause of the privation of original righteousness, and so ought to go before privation, at least in the order of nature; but as to the latter, the positive penalty may be said to be mediately imputed, because we are not obnoxious to that, unless after we are born and corrupt.\" Hence — (1.) All in effect admit immediate imputation, and deny mediate imputation alone. (2.) Many ignore the distinc- tion, which never emerged till the time of Placasus. (3.) A number, in the senses above shown, assert both. 14. How is tills Doctrine 'proved by the analogy which Paid (Rom. V. 12-21) asserts between our condemnation in Adam and our justification in Christ? \" Therefore as by the offence of one, judgment came upon all men to condemnation ; even so by the righteousness of one the free gift came upon all men unto justification of life.\" The analogy here asserted is as to the fact and nature of the imputation in both cases, not at all as to the ground of it. THE GROUND OF THIS IMPUTATION. 361 Christ is one with his elect because of the gracions appointment of the Father and his vokintary assumption of their nature. Adam is one with his descendants because he is their natural head, and because of the g-racious appointment of God. In these respects the cases differ. But the cases are identical in so far as in view of the oneness in both cases subsisting, we are justl}' charged with the guilt of Adam's first sin and pun- ished therefor, and Christ is justly charged with the guilt of our \" many offences \" and punished therefor, and we are justly credited with the merit of his righteousness and accepted, re- generated, and saved therefor. — See above Ques. 12. If the imputation of Christ's righteousness is immediate the imputation of Adam's sin must be the same, though the basis of the one is grace it is no less just, and though the basis of the other be justice, the original constitution from which it originated is no less gracious. 15. How have ortliodox fJteohgians explained the GROuxo/or this universcdhj assumed judicial charging of the guilt of Adams apos- tatising act to his descendants ? They are generally agreed that the race is justly responsible for the judicial consequences of that act. Beyond this the ac- counts rendered of the matter have been different, and often vague. 1st. Augustine conceived of the race as essentially one. As far as Adam is considered as a person his sin was his own, but as far as the entire race in its essential undistributed, unindi- vidualized form of existence was in him, his act was the apos- tasy of that whole race, and the common nature being both guilty and depraved is justly distributed to eacli individual in that condition and under that condemnation. The Avhole race was not personally nor individually, but virtually or potentially, coexistent and coactive in him. — Dr. Philip Schaff in \" Lange on Ptom.,\" pp. 191-196; Dr. Geo. P. Fisher, \"New Englander,\" July, 1860. This is a mode of thought which at least presup- poses Realism, and language to the same effect became tradi- tional in the church, and has been used in a general sense by many, who were in no degree philosophical realists, wlien treat- ing of our relation to Adam. Forms of expression originating in this view have lingered among theologians Avho have ex- plicitly rejected realism, and have definitely substituted for it a different explanation of the facts. The whole race has been considered one organically, and Ave have been said to have been in Adam as branches in a tree, etc. Such renderings of the matter have continued to late times, and been commingled Avith others essentially different, as that of representation, etc. 362 IMPUTATION OF ADAM'S FIRST SIN. It is, however unsatisfactoiy as an explanation of gnilt, in the higliest degree orthodox, both because of the nnmber and high authority of the writers who have used it, and because it ira- phes the highest conceivable ground of immediate imputa- tion. The apostatising act is imputed to us, as it is imputed to Adam, \" because we were guilty coagents with him in that act.\"— Shedd's \"Essays.\" 2d. The Federal View presupposes the natural relation. Adam stands before God in Eden a free, responsible, fallible moral agent, with an animal body and a generative nature. Without a miracle his children must be carried along with him in his destinies. His own status was and must ever continue according to bare law contingent upon free-will. God, there- fore, as the benevolent and righteous guardian of the interests of all moral creatures, graciously constituted him the federal head and representative of his race as a whole, and promised him for himself and for all eternal life, or confirmed holiness and happiness, on condition of temporary obedience under favora- ble conditions, with the penalty for him and for thetn of death, or condemnation and desertion, on condition of disobedience. This was an act of grace to him, as it substituted a temporal for an eternal probation. It was no less an act of grace for the race, for reasons stated below. This \" Federal Theology \" was developed and introduced in all its fulness of detail and bearings by Coccejus (1602-1669), Prof at Franecker and Ley den. It was regarded as eminently a Scriptural system, supplanting the prevailing scholasticism, and destroying forever the influence of supralapsarian speciila- tions, and it gradually found acceptance, under appropriate mod- ifications, with Lutherans and xA.rminians as well as Calvinists. Two things however are historically certain — Ist. That the idea of a covenant with Adam including his descendants had long before been clearly conceived and prominently advanced. This was done by Catherinus before the \" Council of Trent \"' (Father Paul's \" Hist. Council Trent,\" pp. 175, 177), and by such men among Protestants as Hyperius (tl567), Olevianus (circum. 1563), and Eaphael Eglin (Dorner's '-Hist. Prot. Theo.,\" Vol. II., pp. 31-45). 2d. That the essential ideas of federal representation Avere long and very generally prevalent ainong Protestant theologi- ans from the beginning. Dr. Charles P. Krauth says, with re- spect to Lutheran theology as a whole, \" The reasons assigned for the imputation and transmission centre in the representa- tive character of Adam (and Eve). The technicalities of the federal idea are late in appearing, but the essential idea itself comes in from the beginning in our theology.\" j\\Ielanchthon THE AUGUSTINIAN THEORY EXAMINED. 363 said, \" Adam and Eve merited guilt and depravity for their pos- terity, because integrity had been bestowed on our first parents, that they might preserve tliem for their entire posterity, and in this trial they re^jresoi/erf the Avhole human race.\" — \"Expli- catio Symboli Niceni, Corp. Refor.,\" xxiii. 403 and 583. Chemnitz (1522-1586), \"Loci. Theo.,\" fol. 213, 214, says, \"God deposited those gifts with which he willed to adorn human nature with Adam, on this condition, that if he kept them for himself he should keep them for his posterity; but if he lost them and depraved himself, he should beget children after his own likeness.\" — Hutter, \\Yittenberg (flGlG), Lb. \" Chr. Con. Expli.,\" 90. \"Adam represented the whole human race.\" Thus also James Arminius (flOOP) (Disp. 31, Thes. ix); John Owen (1616-1683) (\"Justification,\" p. 286), and West \"Conf Faith,\" Ch. vii. § 2, and \"L. Cat.,\" -I'l (1646 and 1647). Heuce it appears that when theological writers, subsequent to the prevalence of the realistic philosophy, explain our moral oneness with Adam by the uninterpreted general phrases \"that we sinned in him being in his loins,\" or \" he being our Root,\" they are not to be understood as excluding all reference to rep- resentation, or to covenant responsibility. The language, holds true under either theory, or when both are combined in one notion. And from the interchange of terms it is certain, that ver}^ often both theories were latent under a common general notion. 16. What can he fairly adduced in siqiport of the Augiistinian mode of explaining our moral oneness with Adam? This view explains our moral oneness entirely on the ground of his being the natural head and root of the race, and the con- sequent physical or organic oneness of the whole race in him. It may be fairly argued in behalf of this view — 1st. That if it can be proved that we were \"guilty coagents with Adam in his sin,\" the highest and most satisfactory reason possible is assigned for the righteous immediate imputation of the guilt of that sin to us. 2d. The analogy, as far as it goes, of all God's providential dealings, both general and special, with mankind. God's cove- nants with Xoah, Abraham, and David embrace the children with the parents, and rest upon the natural relations of gen- erator and generated. The constitutions alike of the Jewish and Christian Churches provide that the rights of infants are predetermined by the status of their parents. This is, of course, determined by a gracious covenant, yet that covenant presup- poses the more fundamental and general natural relation of generation and education. All human condition and charac- 364 IMPUTATION OF ADAM'S FIRST SIN. ter, aside from any snpeniatiiral intervention, is determined by historical conditions. Hugh Miller (\"Testimony of the Rocks\") says, as a Christian scientist: \"It is a fact broad and palpable as the economy of natm-e, that . . . lapsed progenitors, when cut off from civilization and alf external interference of a mis- sionary character, become founders of a lapsed race. The in- iquities of the parents are visited upon their children.\" \" It is one of the inevitable consequences of that nature of man which the Creator ' bound fast in fate,' while he left free his will, that the free-will of the parent should become the destiny of the child.\" 17. Wliat can he fairly argued against the siiffiiiency of tins explanation of tlw ground of the immediate imputation of the guilt of Adams first sin ? 1st. Observe (1) that the Jewish and Christian Churches, to whom the second commandment (Ex. xx. 5) was given, and the children of Noah, Abraham, and David were embraced under special gracious covenants. (2.) Observe that in cases in wdiich God visits the iniquities of parents upon their chil- dren in natural providence, irrespective of an}' special cove- nant obligations, God is acting with a most just though sov- ereign discretion in dealing with rebels already under -previous righteous condemnation. 2d. When the Natural Headship of Adam is referred to in general terms, and we are said to have been in him as a \"Eoot,\" or as \"branches in a tree,\" the notion is unsatisfactory, because (1) utterly indefinite. (2.) Because it is, as far as it goes, material and mechanical, and therefore utterly fails to explain moral responsibility, which is essentially spiritual and personal. (3.) Besides this notion at least latently assumes the fallacy that the laAvs of natural development are either necessary limits of divine agency, or agents independent of him, or independent concauses with him. The truth simply being that the constitution of nature is the creature and in- strument of God. (4.) This theory assigns no reason, either on the ground of principle or analogy, why only the first sin of Adam, and not all the subsequent sins of all ancestors, is imputed to posterity as the ground of parental forfeiture. 3d. The idea of a non-personal but virtual or ])otential co- existence and coagency (see Dr. W. G. T. Shedd's \"Essays\" and \" Hist. Christ. Doc,\" and Dr. Philip Schafi\"s \" Lange. Eom.,\" pp. 192-194) as the sole basis of just moral responsi- bility has no support in that testimony of Consciousness, which is our oidy citadel of defence from materialism, naturalism, and pantheism. Consciousness gives us no conception of sin THE FEDERAL THEORY COMMENDED. 365 but as a state or an act of a free personal agent. Even if im- personal, virtual, potential, moral coagency be a fact, it tran- scends both consciousness and understanding, and being dark itself can throw no light upon the mysterious facts it is ad- duced to explain and to justify. 4th. When the attempt is made to expound this theory in the full sense of realistic philosophy' the case does not appear to be improved. (1.) In pure realism humanity is a single, generic, spiritual substance whicli voluntarily apostatized and corrupted itself in Adam. Human persons are the individual manifestations of this common spirit in connection with separate bodily or- ganizations. But — (rt.) If we so far leave consciousness be- hind how can we defend ourselves from pantheism? (6.) How are individual spirits justified and sanctified while the general spirit remains corrupt and guilty? (c.) How did the Logos be- come incarnate? (c/.) How, finally, will part of this spiritual substance be eternally glorified, while another part is eternally damned. '*' (2.) Dr. Shedd explains that the generic spiritual substance whicli sinned has since, through the agency of Adam, been dis- tributed and explicated into a series of individuals. But can a spirit be divided and its parts distributed, each part an agent as the whole was from which it was separated? Is not this to confound the attributes of spirit and matter, and to explain spirit as material, and is not sin pre-eminently spiritual and personal ? 18. State the reasoiis luMcli establish the superior satisfactory charaxier of the Federal Theory of our oneness with Adam ? 1st. The federal headship of Adam presupposes and rests upon his natural headship. He was our natural head before he was our federal head. He was doubtless made our federal representative because he was our natural progenitor, and was so conditioned that his agency must affect our destinies, and because our very nature was on trial (typically if not essen- tially) in him. Whatever, therefore, of virtue in this explana- tion the natural headship of Adam may be supposed to contain the federal theory retains. 2d. The Covenant as shown above was an act of supreme divine grace to Adam himself It Avas still more so as it respects his descendants. All God's moral creatures are intro- duced into existence in a condition of real, thougli instable, moral integrity'. This is obviously true of men and angels, and certainly equitable. They must, therefore, pass through a probation either limited or unlimited. Adam was under coudi- 36G IMPUTATION OF ADAM'S FIRST SIN. tions to stand that graciously limited probation with every conceivable advantage. But, apparently, his descendants could have no fair probation except in his person. \"Three plans exhaust the possible. (1.) The whole race might have been left under their natural rehition to God forever. (2.) Each might have been left to stand for himself under a gracious covenant of works. (3.) That the race as a whole should stand for a limited period represented in its natural head. The first would have certainly led to universal sin. The second is the one Pelagians suppose actual. The third is incomparably the most advantageous for the whole.\" Dr. Robert L. Dabney's \" Syllabus.\" The separate probation of nascent souls in infant bodies was certainly not to be preferred. 3d. God certainly did as a matter of fact condition Adam with a promise of \" Life,\" and the alternative of \" Death,\" upon a special and temporally limited probationary test. The precise penalty threatened upon him, has been in its general sense and special terms (Gen. ii. 17 and iii. 16-19) inflicted upon all his posterity. 4th. This view also is confirmed by the analogy which the Scriptures assert existed between the imputation of Adam's first sin to us, and the imputation of our sins to Christ, and of his righteousness to us. This, of course, implies necessarily that the race is one with Adam, and the elect one with Christ. And the analogy certainly is the more complete on the federal view of Adam's union with the race, than on that view which ignores it. Both the Covenant of Grace including the elect, and the Covenant of Works including the race, were gracious. Christ voluntarily assumed his headship out of love. Adam obediently assumed his out of interest and duty. God graciously chose the elect out of love, and graciousty included the descendants of Adam in his representation out of benevolence. Does not the remaining mystery lose itself in that abyss which is opened by i\\\\Qfaet of the 2Jermission of sin, before which all schools of Theists on this side the veil must bow in silence.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "113", "sort_key": 113, "group": "Chapter XXII", "question": "What  is  the  nsage  qftlie  ivord  nnn  in  the  Hebrew  Scriptures?", "answer": "This word occurs more than two hundred and eighty times in the Old Testament, and is in our translation in the vast majority of instances represented by the English word \"Cove- nant,\" in a number of instances by the word \" League,\" Jos. ix. 15, etc., and once each by the words \"Confederate,\" Gen. xiv. 13, and \" Confederacy,\" Obad. 7. 3G8 THE COVENANT OF GRACE. It is used to express. — 1st. A natural ordinance. \" God's covenant with the day, the night,\" etc. — Jer. xxxiii. 20. 2d. A covenant of one man with another. Jonathan and David. — 1 Sam. xviii. 3 and ch. xx. David and Abner. — 2 Sam. iii. 13. 3d. The covenant of God with Noah, Gen. vi. 18, 19, as to his family; and with the human race in him. Gen. ix. 9. The boAv was \" a token of a covenant.\" — Gen. ix. 13. 4th. The \"Covenant of Grace\" with Abraham, Gen. xvii. 2-7, which Paul calls the \"gospel,\" Gal. iii. 17. Circumcision was the \"token of this covenant.\" — Gen. xvii. 11; comp. Acts vii. 8. 5th. The same covenant as formed generally with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. — Ex. ii. 24, etc. 6th. The same covenant, with special and temporary modifi- cations of form, constituting the National-Ecclesiastical Cove- nant of God with the people of Israel. The law of this Covenant on its legal side was written by Moses first in a book (\"the book of the covenant,\" Ex. xxiv. 7), and then upon tables of stone (\"the words of the covenant, the ten commandments, Ex. xxxiv. 27, 28), which were afterwards deposited in a golden chest, \"the ark of the covenant.\" — Num. x. 33. 7th. The covenant with Aaron of an everlasting priesthood. Num. XXV. 12, 13. 8th. The covenant with David. — Jer. xxxiii. 21, 22; Ps. Ixxxix. 3, 4.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "114", "sort_key": 114, "group": "Chapter XXII", "question": "What  is  the  Neiv  Testament  usage  of  the  term  SiaOt/m]?", "answer": "This word occurs thirty-three times in the New Testament, and is almost uniformly translated covenant when it refers to the dealings of God with his ancient church, and testament when it refers to his dealings with his church under the gospel dispen- sation. Its fundamental sense is that of disposition, arrange- ment; in the classics generally that specific form of arrangement or disposition called a testament., which sense, however, it prop- erly bears in but one passage in the New Testament, viz., Ileb. ix. 16, 17. Although it is never used to designate that eternal Covenant of Grace which the Father made with the Son as the second Adam, in behalf of his people, yet it always designates either the old or the new dispensation, i. e., mode of adminis- tration of that changeless covenant, or some special covenant which Christ has formed with his people in the way of admin- istering the Covenant of Grace, e. r/., the covenants with Abra- ham and with David. Thus the disposition made by God with the ancient church through jMoses, the Old contrasted in the New Testament with the New Siadr/nr/ (Gal. iv. 24), was really a covenant, both civil DIFFERENT VIEWS HELD BY CALVINISTS. 3G9 and religious, formed between Jehovah and the Israehtes, yet alike in its legal element, \" which was added because of trans- gressions, till the seed should come to whom the promise was made,\" and in its symbolical and typical element teaching of Christ, it was in a higher view a dispensation, or mode of ad- ministration of the Covenant of Grace. So also the present gospel dispensation introduced by Christ assumes the form of a covenant between him and his people, including many gra- cious promises, suspended on conditions, yet it is evidently in its highest aspect that mode of aclministeriiig the changeless Covenant of Grace, which is called the \"new and better dispen- sation,\" in contrast with the comparatively imperfect \"old and first dispensation\" of that same covenant. — See 2 Cor. iii. 14; Heb. viii. 6, 8, 9, 10; ix. 15; Gal. iv. 24 The present dispensation of the Covenant of Grace by our Saviour, in one respect, evidently bears a near analogy to a 3vill or testamentary disposition, since it dispenses blessings which could^ be fully enjoyed only after, and by means of his death. Consequently Paul uses the word ^la^rj-HTj in one single passage, to designate the present dispensation of the Covenant of Grace in this interesting aspect of it. — Heb. ix. 16, 17. Yet since the various dispensations of that eternal covenant are always else- where in Scripture represented under the form of special ad- ministrative covenants, and not under the form of testaments, it is to be regretted that our translators have so frequently ren- dered this term 8iafJt]H7], by the specific word testament, instead of the word covenant, or by the more general word dispensa- tion.— See 1 Cor. iii. 6, 14; Gal. iii. 15; Heb. vii. 22; xii. 24; xiii. 20. 3. What are the three views as to the parties in the covenant of grace held by Calvinists ? These differences do not in the least involve the truth of any doctrine taught in the Scriptures, but concern only the form in which that truth may be more or less clearly presented. 1st. The first view regards the Covenant of Grace as made by God with elect sinners. God promising to save sinners as such on the condition of faith, they, when converted, promising faith and obedience. Christ in this view is not one of the par- ties to the covenant, but its Mediator in behalf of his elect, and their surety; {. e., he guarantees that all the conditions demanded of them shall be fulfilled by them through his grace. 2d. The second view supposes two covenants, the first, called the Covenant of Redemption, formed from eternity between the Father and the Son as parties. The Son promising to obey and sufier, the Father promising to give him a people and to grant 24 370 THE COVENANT OF GRACE. \\ them in him all spiritual blessings and eternal life. The second, called the Covenant of Grace, formed by God with the elect as < parties, Christ being mediator and surety in behalf of his people. 3d. As there are two Adams set forth in the Scripture, the one representing the entire race in an econom}^ of nature, and the otlier representing the whole body of the elect in an econ- omy of grace, it appears more simple to regard as the founda- tion of all God's dealings with mankind, of whatever class, only the two great contrasted Covenants of works and of grace. The fornwr made by God at the creation of the world with Adam, as the federal head and representative of all his posterity. Of the promises, conditions, penalty, and issue of that Covenant I have spoken under a former head, see Chapter XVII. The latter, or Covenant of Grace, formed in the counsels of eternity between the Father and the Son as contracting parties, the Son therein contracting as the Second Adam, representing all his people as their mediator and siu-ety, assuming their place and undertak- ing all their obligations, under the unsatisfied Covenant of Works, and undertaking to apply to them all the benefits se- cured by this eternal Covenant of Grace, and to secure the per- formance upon their part of all those duties which are involved therein. Thus in one aspect this Covenant may be viewed as contracted Avith the head for the salvation of the members, and in another as contracted with tlie members in their head and sponsor. For that which is a grace from God is a duty upon our part, as St. Augustine prayed, \"Da quod jubes, et jubes quod vis;\" and hence results this complex view of the Covenant. As embraced under one or other of these two great Cove- nants of works or of grace, every man in the world stands in God's sight. It is to be remembered, however, that in the sev- eral dispensations, or modes of administration of the eternal Covenant of Grace, Christ has contracted various special cove- nants with his people, as administrative provisions for carrying out the engagements, and for applying to them tlie benefits of his covenant with the Father. Thus, the covenant of Jehovah (the Second Person, see above, Chapter IX., Question 14) with Noah, the second natural head of the human I'amily, Gen. ix. 11, 15. The covenant with Abraham, the typical be- liever, bearing the visible sign and seal of circumcision, and thus founding the visible church as an aggregate of families. This covenant continues to be the charter of the visible church to this day, the sacraments of baptism and the Lord's supper now attaclied to it, signifying and sealing the benefits of the Covenant of Grace, to wit, eternal life, faith, repentance, obedi- ence, etc., on God's part, as matters of promise; on ours as matters of duty, i. e., so far as they are to be performed by DOCTRINE PROVED. 371 ourselves. — Compare Gen. xvii. 9-13, with Gal. iii. 15-17. The national covenant with the Jews, then constituting the visible church, Ex. xxxiv. 27. The covenant with David, the type of Christ as Mediatorial King, 2 Sam. vii. 15, 16; 2 Chron. vii. 18. The imiversal offers of the gospel during the present dispensa- tion, also, are presented in the form of a covenant. Salvation is offered to all on the condition of faith, but faitli is God's gift secured for and promised to the elect, and when given exercised by them. Ever}^ believer, when brought to the knowledge of the truth, enters into a covenant with his Lord, which he re- news in all acts of faith and praj^er. But these special covenants all and several are provisions for the administration of the eter- nal Covenant of Grace, and are designed solely to convey the benefits therein secured to those to whom they belong. For the statements of our standards upon this subject, com- pare \"Confession of Faith,\" chapter vii., section 3, with \"L. Cat.,\" Questions 30-36. 4. Prove from the Scri'ptures that a \" Covenant of Grace'' teas actually formed in eternity between the Divine Persons, in luhich the \"aS'oji\" represented this elect. 1st. As shown at the opening of this chapter such a Cove- nant is virtuall}'' implied in the existence of an eternal Plan of salvation mutually formed by and to be executed by three Persons. 2d. That Clu'ist represented his elect in that Covenant is necessarily implied in the doctrine of sovereign personal elec- tion to grace and salvation. Christ sajs of his sheep, \" Thine they were, and thou gavest them me,\" and \" Those whom thou gavest me I have kept,\" etc. — John xvii. 6, 12. 3d. The Scriptures declare the existence of the promise and conditions of such a Covenant, and present them in connec- tion.— Isa. liii. 10, 11. 4th. The Scriptures expressly affirm the existence of such a Covenant. — Isa. xlii. 6; Ps. Ixxxix. 3. 5th. Christ makes constant reference to a previous commis- sion he had received of his Father. — John x. 18; Luke xxii. 29. 6th. Christ claims a reward which had been conditioned upon the fulfillment of that commis.sion. — John xvii. 4. 7th. Christ constantly asserts that his people and his ex- pected glory are given to him as a reward by his Father. — John xvii. 6, 9, 24; Phil. ii. 6-11. 5. Who were the parties to this Covenant of Grace; what were its pj^omises or condifiom on the part of the Father; and u'hat its conditions on the part of tlw Son ? 372 THE COVENANT OF GRACE. 1st. The contracting parties were the Father representing the entire Godhead in its indivisible sovereignty; and, on the other hand, God the Son, as ^Mediator, representing all his elect people, and as administrator of the Covenant, standing their surety for their performance of all those duties which were involved on their part. 2d. The conditions upon the part of the Father were, (1\") all needful preparation, Heb. x. 5; Isa. xlii. 1-7; (2) support in his work, Luke xxii. 43; (3) a glorious reward, /?rs^ in the exaltation of his theanthropic person \" above every name that is named,\" Phil. ii. 6-11, and the universal dominion committed to him as Mediator, John v. 22; Ps. ex. 1; and in committing to his hand the administration of all the provisions of the Cov- enant of Grace in behalf of all his people, Matt, xxviii. 18; John i. 12; xvii. 2; vii. 39; Acts ii. 33; and, secondly, in the salvation of all those for whom he acted, includiiig the provi- sions of regeneration, justification, sanctification, perseverance, and glory — Titus i. 2 ; Jer. xxxi. 33 ; xxxii. 40 ; Isa. xxxv. 10 ; liii. 10, 11; Dicks' \"Theo. Lect.,\" Vol. 1., pp. 506-509. 3d. The conditions upon the part of the Son were — (1.) That he should become incarnate, made of a woman, made under the law. — Gal. iv. 4, 5. (2.) That he should assume and fully discharge, in behalf of his elect, all violated conditions and incurred liabilities of the covenant of works. Matt. v. 17, 18, which he was to accomplish,^r.s^, by rendering to the precept of the law a perfect obedience, Ps. xl. 8; Isa. xlii. 21; John ix. 4, 5; viii. 29; Matt. xix. 17; a,nd, secondly, in suffering the full penalty incurred by the sins of his people. — Isa. liii.; 2 Cor. v. 21; Gal. iii. 13; Eph. v. 2. 6. In 2vhat sense is Christ said to he the mediator of the Cove- nant of Grace ? Christ is the mediator of the eternal Covenant of Grace be- cause— 1st. As the one mediator between God and man, he con- tracted it. 2d. As mediator, he fulfils all its conditions in behalf of his people. 3d. As mediator he administers it and dispenses all its blessings. 4th. In all this, Christ was not a mere media- torial internuntius, as Moses is called (Gal. iii. 19), but he was mediator (1) plenipotentiary (Matt, xxviii. 18), and (2) as high priest actually effecting reconciliation by sacrifice (Rom. iii. 25). 5th. Tlie phrase jusdizT/i diaOr'/x7/? mediator of the covenant, is applied to Christ three times in the New Testament (Heb. viii. 6; ix. 15; xii. 24); but as in each case the term for covenant is qualified by either the adjective \"new\" or \"better, \" it evidently here is used to designate not the Covenant of Grace properly, but that new dispensation of that eternal cove- CHRIST THE MEDIATOR AND THE SURETY. 373 nant which Christ introduced in person in contrast to the less perfect administration of it which was instrumentally introduced by Moses. In the general administration of the Covenant of Grace, Christ has acted as sacerdotal mediator from the foun- dation of the world (Rev. xiii. 8). On the other hand, the first or \"old dispensation,\" or special mode of administering that Covenant visibly among men, was instrumentally, and as to visible form, \"ordained by angels in the hand of a mediator,\" i. e., ]\\loses (Gal. iii. 19). It is precisely in contradistinction to this relation which Moses sustained to the outward revelation of those symbolical and typical institutions, through which the Covenant of Grace was then administered, that the superior excellence of the \"new\" and \"better\" dispensation is declared to consist in this, that now Christ the \" Son in his own house\" visibly discloses himself as the true mediator in the spiritual and personal administration of his covenant. Hence he who from the beginning was the \"one mediator between God and man\" (1 Tim. ii. 5) now is revealed as in way of eminence, the mediator and surety of that eternal Covenant under the \"new\" and \" better \" dispensation of it, since now he is rendered visible in the fulness of his spiritual graces, as the immediate admin- istrator thereof, whereas under the \" first \" and \" old \" dispen- sation he was hidden. — See Sampson's Com. on Hebrews.\" 5th. As Mediator also Christ undertakes to give His people faith and repentance and every grace, and guarantees for them that they shall on their part exercise faith and repentance and every duty. 7. la what sense is Christ said to be Surety of the Covenant of Grace ? In the only instance in which the term surety is applied to Chi'ist in the New Testament (Heb. vii. 22), \"surety of a better testament,\" the word translated testament evidently is designed to designate the new dispensation of the Covenant of Grace, as contrasted with the old. Paul is contrasting the priesthood of Christ with the Levitical. He is priest or surety after a higher order, under a clearer revelation, and a more real and direct administration of grace, than were the typical priests descended from Aaron. Christ is oiu- surety at once as priest and as king. As priest because, as such, he assumes and discharges all our obligations under the broken covenant of works. iVs king (the two in him are inseparable, he is always a royal priest), because, as such, he administers the blessings of his covenant to his people, and to this end entering into covenants with them, offering them grace upon the condition of faith and obedience, 374 THE COVENANT OF GRACE. and then, as their surety, giving them the graces of faith and obedience, that they may fulfil their part. 8. What general method has characterized Christ's adminis- tration of his covenant under all dispensations ? The purchased benefits of the covenant are placed in Christ's hand, to be bestowed upon his people as free and sovereign gifts. From Christ to us they are all gifts, but from us to Christ many of them are duties. Thus, in the administration of the Covenant of Grace, many of these purchased blessings, which are to take eff\"ect in our acts, e. g., faith, etc., he demands of us as duties, and promises other benefits as a reward conditioned on our obedience. Thus, so to speak, he rewards grace with grace, and conditions grace upon grace. Promising faith to his elect, then working faith in them, then rewarding them for its exercise with peace of conscience, joy in the Holy Ghost, and eternal life, etc., etc.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "115", "sort_key": 115, "group": "Chapter XXII", "question": "What  is  the  Arminian  vieiu  of  the  Covenant  of  Grace?", "answer": "They hold, 1st, as to the parties of the Covenant of Grace, that God offers it to all men, and that he actually contracts it with all believers. 2d. As to its promises, that they include all the temporal and eternal benefits of Christ's redemption. 3d. As to its conditions, that God now graciously accepts faith and evangelical obedience for righteousness, in the place of that perfect legal obedience he demanded of man under the cove- nant of works, the meritorious work of Christ making it consist- ent with the principles of divine justice for him so to do. Tliey regard all men as rendered by sufficient grace capable of fulfil- ling such conditiojis, if they will.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "116", "sort_key": 116, "group": "Chapter XXII", "question": "In  what  sense  can  faith  he  called  a  condition  of  salvation  ?", "answer": "Faith is a condition sine qua non of salvation, i. e., no adult man can be saved if he does not believe, and every man that does believe shall be saved. It is, however, a gift of God and the first part or stage of salvation. Viewed on God's side it is the beginning and index of his saving work in us. Viewed on our side it is our duty, and must be our own act. It is, there- fore, as our act, the instrument of our union with Christ, and thus the necessary antecedent, tifough never the meritoiious cause, of the gracious salvation which follows. Faith as the condition is of course living faith, which necessarily brings forth \"confession\" and obedience. 11. What are the j)^'omises which Christ, as the administrator of the covenant of grace, makes to all those ivho believe ? THE HISTORY OF THE COVENANT. 375 The promise to Abraham to be a \" God to him and to his seed after him\" (Gen xvii. 7) embraces all others. All things alike, physical and moral, in providence and grace, for time and eternity, are to work together for our good. \"All are yours, and ye are Christ's, and Christ is God's.\" — 1 Cor. iii. 22, 23. This gospel covenant is often called the \" Covenant of Grace\" as distinguished from the \"Covenant of Redemption.\" See above, Q. 3, § 2. \" He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved, but he that believeth not shall be damned.\" Mark xvi. 16. 12. Prove that Christ loas mediator of men be/ore as ivell as after his advent in tlwfiesh. 1st. As mediator he is both priest and sacrifice, and as such it is affirmed that he is the \"Lamb slain from the foundation of the world,\" and a \"propitiation for the sins that are past.\" Rev. xiii. 8; Rom. iii. 25; Heb. ix. 15. 2d. He was promised to Adam. — Gen. iii. 15. 3d. In the 3d chapter of Gal. Paul proves that the promise made to Abraham (Gen. xvii. 7 ; xxii. 18) is the very same gos- pel that the apostle himself preached. Thus Abraham became the father of those that believe. 4th. Acts X. 43. — \"To him give all the prophets witness, that through his name, whosoever believeth on him shall receive remission of sin.\" — See 53d chap, of Is., also chap. xlii. 6. 5th. The ceremonial institutions of Moses were symbolical and typical of Christ's work; as symbols they signified Christ's merit and grace to the ancient worshipper for his present sal- vation, while as types they prophesied the substance which was to come. — Heb. x. 1-10; Col. ii. 17. 6th. Christ was the Jehovah of the old dispensation. — See above, Chap. IX., Question 14. 13. Prove that faith loas the condition of salvation before the advent of Christ, in the same sense that it is noiv. 1st. This is affirmed in the Old Testament. — Hab. ii. 4; Ps. ii. 12. 2d. The New Testament writers illustrate their doctrine of justification by faith by the examples of Old Testament be- lievers.— See Rom. iv., and Heb. xi. 14. Shoiv that Christ, as administrator of the Covenant of Grace, gave to the members of the Old Testament Church precisely the same pi'omises that he does to us. 1st. The promises given to Christ's ancient people clearly embrace all spiritual and eternal blessings, e. g., the promise 376 THE COVENANT OF GRACE. given to Abraham, Gen, xvii. 7, as expounded by Christ, Matt xxii. 32, and the promise given to Abraham, Gen. xxii. 18; xii. 3, as expounded by Paul, Gal. iii. 16; see also Is. xliii. 25; Ezek. xxxvi. 27; Dan. xii. 2, 3. 2d. Tliis is plain also from the expectation and prayers of God's peopje. — 51st Ps. and 16th Ps. ; Job xix. 24-27; Ps. Ixxiii. '1^-m. 15. How loas the covenant of grace administered from Adam to Abraham ? 1st. By promise. — Gen. iii. 15. 2d. By means of typical sacrifices instituted in the family of Adam. 3d. By me^-ns of immediate -revelations and appearances of the Jehovah, or divine mediator to his people. Thus \"the Lord\" is represented throughout the first eleven chapters of Genesis as \"speaking\" to men. That these promises and sac- rifices were then understood in their true spiritual intent is proved by Paul. — Heb. xi. 4-7. And that this administration of the covenant of grace reached many of the people of the earth, during this era, is proved by the history of Job in Arabia, of Abraham in Mesopotamia, and of Melchisedec in Canaan.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "117", "sort_key": 117, "group": "Chapter XXII", "question": "How  tvas  it  administered  from  Abraham  to  Moses?", "answer": "1st. The promise given during the preceding period (Gen. iii. 15), is now renewed in the form of a more definite cove- nant, revealing the coming Saviour as in the line of Abraham's posterity through Isaac, and the interest of the whole world in his salvation is more fully set forth. — Gen. xvii. 7; xxii. 18. This Avas the gospel preached beforehand. — Gal. iii. 8. 2d. Sacrifices were contniued as before. 3d. The church, or company of believers, which existed from the beginning in its individual members, was now formed into a general body as an aggregate of families, by the institution of circumcision, as a visible symbol of the benefits of the cove- nant of grace, and as a badge of church membership. 17. What was the true nature of the covenant made by God ivith the Israelites through Moses ? It may be regarded in three aspects — 1st. As a national and political covenant, whereby, in a political sense, they became his people, under his theocratical government, and in this peculiar sense he became their God. The church and the state were identical. In one aspect the whole system had reference to this relation. 2d. It was in one aspect a legal covenant, because the moral THE HISTORY OF THE COVENANT. 377 law, obedience to which was the condition of the covenant of works, was prominently set forth, and conformity to this law was made the condition of God's favor, and of all national blessings. Even the ceremonial system in its merely literal, and apart from its symbolical aspect, was also a rule of ^vorks, for cursed was he that confirmeth not all the words of this law to do them. — Dent, xxvii. 26. 3d. But in the symbolical and typical significance of all the Mosaic institutions, they were a clearer and fuller revelation of the provisions of the Covenant of Grace than had ever be- fore been made. This Paul abundantly proves throughout the Epistle to the Hebrews. — Hodge on Romans. 18. What are the characteristic differences between the dispensa- tion of the Covenant of Grace under the laio of Moses and after the advent of Christ ? These differences, of course, relate only to the mode of ad- ministration, and not to the matter of the truth revealed, nor of the grace administered. 1st. The truth was then signified by symbols, which, at the same time, were types of the real atonement for sin afterwards to be made. Now the truth is revealed in the plain gospel history. 2d. That revelation was less full as well as less clear. 3d. It was so encumbered with ceremonies as to be comparatively a carnal dispensation. The present dispensation is spiritual. 4tli. It was confined to one people. The present dispensation, disembarrassed from all na- tional organizations, embraces the whole earth. 5th. The for- mer method of administration was evidently preparatory to the present, which is final. For the Calvinistic view of the \"Covenant of Grace,\" see Turretin, \"Inst. Theo. Elench.,\" Loc. 12. ; Witsius, \"^Econ. of the Co vs.\" For Arminian view see Fletcher's works and Richard Watson's \"Inst, of Theo.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "118", "sort_key": 118, "group": "Chapter XXIII", "question": "Hoiv  may  it  be  proved  that  Christ  is  really  a  man  ?", "answer": "He is called man. — 1 Tim. ii. 5. His most common title is Son of Man, Matt. xiii. 37, also seed of the woman, Gen. iii. 15; the seed of Abraham, Acts iii. 25; Son of David, and fruit of his loins, Luke i. 32; made of a woman. — Gal. iv. 4. He had a body, ate, drank, slept, and increased in stature, Luke ii. 52 ; and through a life of thirty-tliree years was recognized by all men as a true man. He died in agony on the cross, Avas buried, rose, and proved his identity by physical signs. — Luke xxiv. 36-44. He had a reasonable soul, for he increased in wis- dom. He exercised the common feelings of our nature, he groaned in spirit and was troubled, he wept. — John xi. 33, 35. THE DOCTRINE PROVED. 381 He loved Martha and Mary, and the disciple that Jesus loved leaned upon his bosom. — John xiii. 23. The absolute divinity of Christ has been proved above, Chap. IX. 9. Hov) may it he proved that both these natures constituted but one person ? In many passages both natures are referred to, when it is evident that only one person was intended. — Phil. ii. 6-11. In many passages both natures are set forth as united. It is never affirmed that divinity abstractly, or a divine power, was united to, or manifested in a human nature, but of the divine nature concretely, that a divine person Avas united to a human nature. — Heb. ii. 11-14; 1 Tim. iii. 16; Gal. iv. 4; Rom. viii. 3 and i. 3, 4 ; ix. 5 ; John i. 14 ; 1 John iv. 3. The union of two natures in one person is also clearly taught by tliose passages in which the attributes of one nature are predicated of the person, while that person is designated by a title derived from the other nature. Thus human attributes and actions are predicated of Christ in certain passages, while the person of whom these attributes or actions are predicated, is designated by a divine title. — Acts xx. 28; Rom. viii. 32; 1 Cor. li. 8; Matt. i. 23; Luke i. 31, 32; Col. i. 13, 14. On the other hand, in other passages, divine attributes and actions are predicated of Christ, while his person, of whom those attributes are predicated, is designated by a human title. John iii. 13; vi. 62; Rom. ix. 5; Rev. v. 12. 10. What is the general principle upon ivhich those passages are to be explained ivhich designate the person of Christ from one nature, and jwedicate attributes to it belonging to the other? The person of Christ, constituted of two natures, is one per- son. He may, therefore, indifferently be designated by divine or human titles, and both divine and human attributes may be truly predicated of him. He is still God when he dies, and still man when he raises his people from their graves. ]\\Iediatorial actions pertain to both natures. It must be re- membered, however, that while the person is one, the natures are distinct, as such. What belongs to either nature is attrib- uted to the one person to which both belong, but what is pecu- liar to one nature is never attributed to the other. God, /. e., the divine person who is at once God and man, gave his blood for his church, i. c., died as to his human nature (Acts xx. 28). But human attributes or actions are never asserted of Christ's dWine ncdure, nor are divine attributes or actions ever asserted of his human nature. 382 ■ THE PERSON OF CHRIST. 11. How have tJieologians defined the ideas of '■'■ nature''^ aiid ^^ person\" o-s they are involved in this doctrine ? In the doctrine of\" the Trinity the difficulty is that one Spirit exists as three Persons. In the doctrine of the Incarnation the difficulty is that two spirits exist in union as one Person. \" Nature \" in this connection has been defined by the terms, \" essence,\" \" being,\" \" substance.\" \" Person \" in this connection has been defined as \" an indi- vidual substance, which is neither part of, nor is sustained by some other thing,\" or as \"an intelligent individual subsistence, per se suhsistens.\" The human nature in Clirist never Avas \"per se subsistens,\" but since it began to be as a germ generated into personal union with the eternal Second Person of the God- head, so from the beginning \"m altero sustentatur.\" 12. What tvere the effects of this p)ersonal union upon the Divine nature of Christ ? His divine nature being eternal and immutable, and, of course, incapable of addition, remained essentially unchanged by this union. The whole immutable divine essence continued to subsist as the eternal Personal Word, now embracing a per- fect human nature in the unity of his person, and as the organ of his will. Yet thereby is the relation of the divine nature changed to the whole creation, since he has become Emman- uel, \" God with us,\" \" God manifest in the flesh.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "119", "sort_key": 119, "group": "Chapter XXIII", "question": "WlKit  were  the  effects  of  that  union  upon  his  human  nature  ?", "answer": "The human nature, being perfect after its kind, began to exist in union with the divine nature, and as one constituent of the divine Person, and as such it ever continues unmixed and essentially unchanged human nature. The effect of this union upon Christ's human nature, there- fore, was — 1st. Exaltation of all human excellencies above the standard of human and of creaturely nature. — Jolm i. 14; iii. 34; Is. xii. 2. 2d. Unparalleled exaltation to dignity and glory, above every name that is named, and a community of honor and worsliip with the divinity in virtue of its union therewith in the one divine Person. 3d. As in the union of soul and body in the natural person, the soul although absolutely destitute of extension in itself, is in virtue of its miion with the body present at once from the crown of the head to the sole of the foot, — that is virtually, if not essentially, present in conscioiis perception and active voli- tion,— so through its personal union with the eternal Word is COMMUNICATIO IDIOMATUM. 383 the human nature of Christ, (a) virtually present (although lo- cally in heaven) with his people in the most distant parts of the earth at the same time, sympathizing with each severally as one who has himself also been tempted, (i) rendered practically inexhaustible in all those draughts made upon its energies by the constant exercise of those mediatorial functions which in- volve both natures. Hence the church doctrine concerning the \" communicatio idioraatum vel proprietatum \" of the two natures of Christ. It is affirmed in the concrete in respect to the person, but denied in the abstract in respect to the natures; it is affirmed w^rws naturae ad personam^ but denied utrius natiirce ad naturam. 14. Hoiu far is the human nature of Christ included in tJw wor- ship due to him? We must distinguish between the object and the grounds of worship. There can be no proper ground of worship, except the possession of divine attributes. The object of worship is not the divine excellence in the abstract, but the divine person of Avhom that excellence is an attribute. The God-man, con- sisting of two natures, is to be worshipped in the perfection of his entire person, because only of his divine attributes. 15. State the analogy presented in the union of tioo natures in the persons of inen. 1st. Every human person comprehends two distinct natures, (a) a conscious, self-acting, self-determined spirit absolutely without extension in space, and {h) an extended highly organ- ized body composed of passive matter. 2d. These constitute but one person. The body is part of the person. 3d. These natures remain distinct, the attributes of the spirit never being made common to the material body, nor the attri- butes of the body to the spirit, but the attributes of both body and spirit are common to the one person. The person is often designated by a title proper to one nature while the predicate is proper to the other nature. 4th. The spirit is the person. When the spirit leaves the body the latter is buried as a corpse, while the former goes to judgment. At the resurrection the spirit will resume the corpse into the person. 5th. While in union the person possesses and exercises the attributes of both natures. And in virtue of the union the un- extended spirit is present virtually wherever the extended body is, and the inert insensible matter of the nerve tissues thrill 384 THE PERSON OF CHRIST. with feeling and throb wdth will as organs of the feeling and willing soul. 16. What is the peculiar vieiu as to the ^'■commimicatio idioma- ticm\" introduced into theology hy the Lutherans? and state the rea- sons for not accepting it. In connection with, and in the process of maintaining, his peculiar view as to the presence of the very substance of Christ's body and blood in, with, and under the bread and the wine in the Eucharist, Luther and his followers introduced and elabo- rated a doctrine that, in consequence of the hypostatical union of the divine natures in the one person of Christ, each natiuie shares in the essential attributes of the other nature.\" When tliey came to explain the matter more fully, they did not affirm that any distinctive attribute of humanity was shared by the divinity, nor that the human nature shared all the attri- butes of the divine; they affirmed in detail simply that the humanity shared with the divine in its omniscience, omnipres- ence, and power of giving life. The advocates of this doctrine were divided into two schools: 1st. The most extreme and logically consistent, represented by John Brentz and the tlieologians of Tubingen. These main- tained that the every act of incarnation effected, as the essence of the personal union, the participation of each nature in the properties of the other. From his conception in the womb of the Virgin the human nature of Christ was inalienably endowed with all the divine majesty, and all those properties which con- stitute it. These were necessarily exercised from the first, but not manifested during his earthly life, their exercise being hidden. The facts of Christ's life during his estate of humil- iation are therefore explained by a voluntary Krypsis, or hiding of the divine properties of his humanity^ , , 1 ■ '^ • 2d. The other less extreme view^Avas represented by ]\\Iartin Chemnitz, and the theologians of Giessen. They held also, that, by the very act of incarnation tlie humanity of Christ was en- dowed with divine perfections. That as to his relation to space, ^'Logos non extra carnem, et caro non extra Logon.'\" Yet they taught that the exercise of these perfections was not neces- sary, but subject to the will of the divine person, who causes his human nature to be present wherever and whensoever he wills, and who during the period of his humiliation on earth voluntarily emptied (Kenosis) his human nature of its use and exercise of its divine attributes. Prof A. B. Bruce, D.D., \"Humiliation of Christ,\" Lecture iii. — \"The Lutherans held the exaltation of the humanity to meet the divinity, and (while on earth) the Kenosis of the humanity. The Reformed insisted on LUTHERAN VIEW REJECTED. 385 the reality of the human Hfe of Christ, and the self-emptying (Kenosis) of the divinity to meet the humanity. The Lutherans held the double life of the glorified humanity (the local pres- ence and the illocal omnipresence). The Reformed tendency was to recognize a double Hfe of the Logos — totus extra Jesum^ and totus in JesiL' We reject the Lutheran view because — 1st. It is not taught in the Bible. It really rests upon their mistaken interpretation of the words of Christ — \"This is my body.\" 2d. It is impossible to reconcile it with the phenomena of Christ's earthly life. It increases the difficulties of the problem it was invented to explain. 3d. It virtually destroys the incarnation by assimilating the human nature to the divine in the co-partnership of properties, whereby it is virtually abrogated, and in effect only the divine remains. 4th. It involves the fallacy of conceiving of properties as separable from the substances of which they are the active powers, and thus is open to the same criticisms as the doctrine! of transubstantiation. 17. Hoio can it he shown that the doctrine of the incarnation is a fundamental doctrine of the Gospel ? 1st. This doctrine, and all the elements thereof, is set forth in the Scriptures with pre-eminent clearness and prominence. 2d. Its truth is essentially involved in every other doctrine of the entire sj^stem of faith ; in every mediatorial act of Christ, as prophet, priest and king; in the whole history of his estate of humiliation, and in every aspect of his estate of exaltation ; and, above all, in the significance and value of that vicarious sacrifice which is the heart of the gospel. If Christ is not in the same person both God and man, he either could not die, or his death could not avail. If he be not man, his whole his- tory is a myth ; if he be not God, to worship him is idolatry, yet not to worship him is to disobey the Father. — John v. 23. 3d. Scripture expressly declares that this doctrine is essen- tial.— 1 John iv. 2, 3. 18. In lohat Creeds and by ivhat Councils has this doctrine been most accurately defined? 1st. The Creed of the Council of Nice, amended by the Council of Constantinople, and the Athanasian Creed, an.d, the Creed of the Council of Chalcedon, are accurate and authorita- tive statements of the whole church as to this doctrine. They are all to be found above, Ch. VII. 2d. The decision of the Council of Ephesus, a. d. 431, con- 25 ^ 386 THE PERSON OF CHRIST. demning the Nestorians, and affirming the nnity of the Person ; the decision of the Council of Chalcedon (451) against Eutyches, affirming the distinction of natures; and tiie decision of the Council of Constantinople (681) against the Monothelites, af- firming that Christ's human nature retains in its unimpaired integrity a separate will as well as intelligence, closed the grad- ually perfected definition of the church doctrine as to the Per- son of Christ, and have been accepted by all Protestants.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "120", "sort_key": 120, "group": "Chapter XXIII", "question": "How  may  all  Heresies  on  this  subject  he  classijied?", "answer": "As they seek relief from the impossibility which reason ex- periences in the effort fully to comprehend the mutual consist- ency of all the elements of this doctrine (1) in the denial of the divine element, (2) or in the denial of the human element in its reality and integrity, or (3) in the denial of the imity of the person embracing both natures.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "121", "sort_key": 121, "group": "Chapter XXIII", "question": "WJiat  parties  have  held  that  Jesus  ivas  a  mere  man  ?", "answer": "In the early church the Ebionites, and the Alogi. At the time of the Reformation the Socinians. In latter times Ration- alists and Unitarians. For an account of their history and doctrines, see above, Ch. VI., Q. 11, and Q. 13, and below, at the close of this chapter. 21. What parties denied Christ's true humanity and on ivhat grounds ? These speculations were all of Gnostic origin. Hence came the conviction that matter was inherently evil, and that innu- merable u:Eons, or great spiritual emanations from the absolute God, mediate between him and the actual world. Tlvivuccxa come from God, but matter is self-existent, and the animal souls of men come from some being less than God. Hence the Docetaj (from SoHeoo to think, to appear) held that the human nature (bod}'' and soul) of Christ was a mere q)dyta6),ia, or appearance, having no real substantial existence. It was a mere vision or phantom through which the Logos chose to manifest himself to mankind for a time. 22. State the Apollinarian Heresy. Apollinaris, bishop of Laodicea, circum. 370, of general re- pute for orthodoxy and learning, taught that as man naturally consists of a body, 6chua, and an animal soul, i>vx>h and a rational soul, Tti'lvi-ia, all comprehended in one person, so in Christ the divine logos takes the place of the human nvevua, and his one Eerson consists of the divine Ttveu/na, or reasonable soul, and the uman animal soul and body. He thus gets rid of the diffi- HERETICAL VIEWS. 387 culty attending the coexistence of two rational, self-conscious, self-determining spirits in one person, and at the same time destroys the revealed fact that Christ is at once very man and very God. This was condemned by the Council of Constanti- nople, A. D. 381.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "122", "sort_key": 122, "group": "Chapter XXIII", "question": "What  was  the  Nestorian  Heresy  ?", "answer": "This term rather expresses an exaggerated, one-sided ten- dency of speculation on this subject than a positive definable false doctrine. It is the tendency to so emphasize the. dis- tinction of the two complete, unmodified natures in Christ, as to thirow into the shade the equally revealed fact of the unity of his Person. This tendency was most conspicuous in the writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia, tlie leader of the Antiochian school, and from him it became the general character of that school. The theology of the Eastern Church of the fourth and fifth centuries was divided between the two great rival schools of Alexandria and Antioch. \" In the Alexandrian school, an intuitive mode of thought inclining to the mystical; in the Antiochian, a logical reflective bent of the understanding pre- dominated.— Neander, \"Hist.,\" Torrey's Trans., Vol. II., p. 352. Nestorius, who had been a monk at Antioch, became patri- arch of Constantinople. He disapproved of the phrase, \" Mother of God \" (QedroKos), as applied to the Virgin, maintaining that Mary had given birth to Christ but not to God. Cyril, patri- arch of Alexandria, opposed him, and both pronounced anath- emas against each other. Nestorius supposed, in accordance with the Antiochian mode of thought, that the divine and the human natures of Christ ought to he distinctly separated, and admitted only a 6vi'd(pExa (junction) of the one and the other, an kvoiHTi^is (indwelling) of the Deit}^ Cyril, on the contrary, Avas led by the tendencies of the Egyptian (Alexandrian) school, to maintain the perfect union of the two natures [(pv^iH?) h'oodi?). Nestorius, as the representative of his party, was condemned by the Council of Ephesus, a. d. 431. — Hagenbach's \" Hist, of Doct,\" Vol. I., § 100.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "123", "sort_key": 123, "group": "Chapter XXIII", "question": "What  ivas  the  Eidychian  or  3Ionophysite  Heresy  ?", "answer": "Eutyches was an abbot at Constantinople, and an extreme disciple of Dioscuros, tlie successor of Cyril. He pressed the opposition to the Nestorians to the length oF confounding the two natures of Christ, and hence holding that Christ pos- sessed but one nature, resulting from the union of Divinity with humanity. They were styled IMonophy sites. They were condemned by the Council of Chalcedon (a. d. 451), which 388 THE PERSON OF CHRIST. adopted the statement communicated by Leo the Great, bishop of Rome, to Flavian, patriarch of Constantinople. '•''Totus in suis, tot us in nostris.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "124", "sort_key": 124, "group": "Chapter XXIII", "question": "What  teas  the  doctrine  of  the  3Ionothelites  ?", "answer": "The Emperor Heraclins attempted to reunite the Monophy- sites with the orthodox Church by adopting, as a compromise, the decision of the Council of Chalcedon as the coexistence of two distinct natures in the one Person of Christ, with the amendment that there was in consequence of the personal union but one divine-human energy {evepyEta) and but one will in Christ. In opposition to this the sixth Ecumenical Council of Constantinople (a. d. 681), with the co-operation of the bishop of Rome, adopted the doctrine of two wills in Christ, and tivo energies, as the orthodox doctrine, but decided that the human will must always be conceived as subordinate to the divine.\"— Hagenbach's \" Hist, of Doct.,\" § 104. With this de- cision the definition of tliis doctrine, as received by the whole church, Greek, Roman, and Protestant, was closed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "125", "sort_key": 125, "group": "Chapter XXIII", "question": "What  is  the  modern  doctrine  of  Kenosis  ?", "answer": "The old Socinian doctrine teaches that Jesus, a true man _after his \"ascension, becomes the subject of an apotheosis, where- by he is exalted into a condition find rank batwaen .thaLoFGod and the universe. The Eutychians taught that the human nature was\"^ absorbed by and assimilated to the divine. The Lutherans taught that the human nature was endowed with the properties of the divine. The modern docti'ine of Kgnogis is tliat instead of man becoming God, or being personally united to divinity^_Gi2dJiterallyJje£umjeJiia It is taught with vari- ous modificationsTy^DrsTThomasius, Hofmann, Ebrard, Marten- sen, and others, and very clearly by Dr. W. F. Gess in a work translated admirably by Dr. J. A. Reubelt, of Indiana. The term signifies a voluntary emptying of himself, of his divinity, by the Logos. It is derived from Phil. ii. 7, kavrov eHEi'ojds, \" he emptied himself,\" and is supported by such decla- rations as John i. 14. \"And the Word luas made flesh, and dwelt among us.\" I. The Father alone is from himself He eternally commu- nicates the fulness of his divine essence and perfections to the Son, thus giving to him to have life in himself The Son thus eternally flowing from the Father unites with the Father in communicating their fulness to the Spirit, and is himself the life of the world. II. \"But the Logos is God; he has life in himself even as the Father ; his volition to receive life from the Father is the DOCTRINE OF KENOSIS. 389 sonrce of his life ; his self-consciousness is his own act. Hence it follows that he can suspend his self-consciousness.\" III. In condescending to be conceived of the Virgin, the Logos laid aside his self-consciousness, and with it the commu- nication of the Father's life to the Son, by which the Son has life in himself even as the Father, and hence his omniscience, omnipresence, and omnipotent government of the world was suspended. IV. When the substance of the Logos awoke to self-con- sciousness as the infant Jesus, it was as a true human infant, and he grew and developed in knowledge and powers, as a true man without sin, endowed with pre-eminent grace and the fulness of the indwelling Spirit of God. V. When glorified the ante-mundane eternal communica- tion of the fulness of divine life from the Father to the Logos recommenced, and though continuing truly human, he is no less truly God. He is again eternal, omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent. \"Thus a man is received into the trinitarian life of the Deity, from and by the glorification of the Son.\" — \" Script. Doc. Pers. Christ. Gess.,\" by lieubelt. This doctrine. — 1st. Does violence to the infinite perfections and immutability of the divine nature. 2d. It is not consistent with the Scriptural fact that Christ, while on earth, was real and absolute God. 3d. It is not consistent with the fact that the humanity of Christ was real humanity generated of the seed of Abraham. 4th. It is confessedly diiferent from the imme- , raorial and universal faith of the Church. ci^.'^^-^. --^ -j /t-^.^u^ For a thorough discussion, see Dr. A. B. Bruce's \" Humilia- tion of Christ.\" AUTHOKITATIVE STATEMENTS. The Gkeek, Roman, and Peotestant Churches all agree in accepting the definitions of the Creeds, those of Nice and of Chalcedon and the Athanasian (so called). — See above Chap. VII. The Lutheran Doctrine as to the Relations of the two Natures. \"■FormuUi Coucordice,\" Pars. I., Epitome, ch. 8, ^| 11 and 12. — \"Therefore not only as God, but also as man, he knows all things, and had power to do all things, is present to all creatures, and has all things which are in heaven, on earth, and under the earth, under his feet, and in his hands. 'All things are given to me in heaven and on earth,' and ' he ascended above all heavens, and fills all things. ' Being everywhere present, he is able to exercise this his power, neither is any thing to him either impossible or unknown. Hence, moreover, and most easily, is he being present, able to distribute his true body and blood in the sacred Supper. But this is done not according to the mode and proijerty of human nature, but according to the mode and property of the right hand of God. . . . And this presence of Christ in the sacred Supper is neither physical nor earthly, nor cai^ernaitish (see John vi. 52-59), never- theless, it is most true and substantial.\" 390 THE PERSON OF CHRIST. Pars. 2 (\"Solida Declaratio \"), ch. 8, \\ 4. — \"For that communion of natures, and of properties, is not tlie result of an essential, or natural effusion of the properties of the divine nature upon the human: as if the humanity of Christ had them subsisting independently and separate from divinity; or as, if by that communion, the human nature of Christ had laid aside its natural properties, and was either converted into the divine nature, or was made equal in itself, and per se to the divine nature by those properties thus communicated, or that the natui-al properties and operations were identical or even equal. For these and like errors have justly been rejected, etc.\" Luther says, ' ' Where you put God, there you must put the humanity (of Christ), they can not be sundered or riven; it is one i^erson, and the humanity is more closely united \\vith God than is our skin with oiu* flesh, yea, more intimately than body with soul.\" DOCTKINE OF THE ReFOKMED ChUKCHES. \"■Goiifessio Helvetica Posterior,\" ch. xi. — \" We acknowledge, therefore, that in one and the same Lord Jesus Christ, there are two natures, and we say that these are so conjoined and united that they are not absorbed, nor confused nor mixed; but are rather united and conjoined in one person, being preserved with their permanent properties; so that we wor- ship one Lord the Christ, and not two; one we say, true God and man, according to his divine nature consubstantial with the Father, and accord- ing to his human nature consubstantial with us men, and in all things like us, sin excepted. Therefore, as we abominate the Nestorian dogma making two out of one Christ, and dissolving the union of the Person; so, also, we heartily execrate the madness of Eutyches and of the Mono- physites and the Monothelites, expunging the property of the human natui'e. Therefore, we in no wise teach that the divine nature in Christ suffered, or that Christ according to his human nature has hitherto been in this world, and so is everywhere. \" \"TTW. Con/.,\" Ch. 8, I 2.— \"The Son of God, the second person in the Trinity, being very and eternal God, of one substance, and equal •with the Father, did, when the fulness of time was come, take upon him man's natux'e, and all the essential properties and common infirmities thereof, yet without sin: being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost in the womb of the Virgin Mary, of her substance. So that two whole, perfect, and distinct natures, the Godhead and the manhood, were inseparably joined together in one person, without conversion, composition, or confusion. W^hich person is very God and vei\"y man, yet one Christ, the only mediator between God and man.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "126", "sort_key": 126, "group": "Chapter XXIV", "question": "What  is  the  Scriptural  sense  of  the  icord prophet?", "answer": "Its general sense is one who speaks for another with au- thority as interpreter. Thus Moses was prophet for his brother Aaron. — Ex. vii. 1. A prophet of God is one qualified and authorized to speak for God to men. Foretelling future events is only incidental.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "127", "sort_key": 127, "group": "Chapter XXIV", "question": "Hoio  does  Christ  execute  tJie  office  of  a  prophet  ?", "answer": "I. Immediately in his own person, as when (1) on earth with his disciples, and (2) the light of the new Jerusalem in the midst of the throne. — Rev. xxi. 23. II. Mediately, 1st, through his Spirit, (1) by inspiration, (2) by spiritual illumination. 2d. Through the officers of his church, (1) those inspired as apostles and prophets, and (2) those naturally endowed, as the stated ministry. — Eph. iv. 11. III. Both externally, as through his word and works ad- dressed to the understanding, and, IV. Internally, by tlie spiritual illumination of the heart. — 1 John ii. 20, and v. 20. V. In three grand successive stages of development, (a.) Before his incarnation; (i) since his incarnation; (c) through- out eternity in glory. — Rev. vii. 17, and xxi. 23. 13. How can it he p)roved that he acted as such before his incarnation ? 1st. His divine title of Logos, \"Word,\" as by nature as well as office the eternal Revealer. 2d. It has been before proved (Chap. XXII., Question 11, and Chap. IX., Question 14) that he was the Jehovah of the Old 396 MEDIATORIAL OFFICE OF CHRIST. Testament economy. Called Counsellor. — Is. ix. 6. Angel of the Covenant. — Alal. iii. 1. Interpreter. — Job xxxiii. 23. 3d. The fact is directly affirmed in the New Testament. — 1 Pet. i. 11. 14. What is essential to tlie 'priestly office^ or ivhat is a priest in the Scriptural sense of that term ? As the general idea of a prophet is, one qualified and au- thorized to spealc for God to men, so the general idea of a priest is, one qualified and authorized to treat in behalf of men with God. A priest, therefore, must — 1st. Be taken from among men to represent them. — Heb. v. 1, 2; Ex. xxviii. 9, 12, 21, 29. 2d. Chosen by God as his special election and property. — Num. xvi. 5; Heb. v. 4. 3d. Holy, morally pure and consecrated to the Lord. — Lev. xxi. 6, 8; Ps. cvi. 16; Ex. xxxix. 30, 31. 4th. They have a right to draw near to Jehovah, and to bring near, or offer sacrifice, and to make intercession. — Num. xvi. 5; Ex. xix. 22; Lev. xvi. 3, 7, 12, 15. The priest, therefore, was essentially a mediator, admitted from among men to stand before God, for the purpose, 1st, of propitiation by sacrifice, Heb. v. 1, 2, 3; and, 2d, of inter- cession, Luke i. 10; Ex. xxx. 8; Rev. v. 8, and viii. 3, 4. Taken from Fairbairn's \"Tj^pology,\" Vol. II., Part III., Chap. iii. 15. Prove from the Old Testament that Christ ivas truly a priest. 1st. It is expressly declared. — Compare Ps. ex. 4, with Heb. V. 6, and vi. 20; Zech. vi. 13. 2d. Priestly functions are ascribed to him. — Is. liii. 10, 12 ; Dan. ix. 24, 25. 3d. The whole meaning and virtiie of the temple, of its ser- vices, and of the Levitical priesthood, lay in the fact that they were all typical of Christ and his work as priest. This Paul clearly proves in the Epistle to the Hebrews. 16. Shoiv from the Neio Testament that all the requisites of a priest were found in him. 1st. Christ was a man taken from among men to represent them before God. — Heb. ii. 16, and iv. 15. 2d. He was chosen by (jod. — Heb. v. 5, 6. 3d. lie was perfectly holy. — Luke i. 35; Heb. vii. 26. 4th. He had the right of the nearest access, and the greatest HIS OFFICE AS PRIEST. 397 influence with the Father. — John xvi. 28, and xi. 42 ; Heb. i. 3, and ix. 11, 12, 13, 14, 24. 17. Sliow that he actually 'performed all the duties of the office. The duty of the priest is to mediate by (1) propitiation, (2) intercession. 1st. He mediated in the general sense of the word. — John xiv. 6 ; 1 Tim. ii. 5 ; Heb. viii. 6, and xii. 24. 2d. He offered propitiation. — Eph. v. 2; Heb. ix. 26, and X. 12 ; 1 John ii. 2. 3d. He offered intercession. — Eom. viii. 34; Heb. vii. 25; 1 John ii. 1. That this propitiatory work of Christ was real, and not metaphorical, is evident from the fact that it superseded the temple services, which were only typical of it. A type and shadow necessarily presupposes a literal substance. — Heb. ix. 10-12, andx. 1; Col. ii. 17. 18. What part of his priestly work did Christ execute on earthy and what part in heaven ? On earth he rendered obedience, propitiation, intercession. Heb. V. 7-9, and ix. 26, 28; Rom. v. 19. In heaven he has presented his sacrifice in the most holy place, and ever liveth to make intercession for us. — Heb. vii. 24, 25, and ix. 12, 24. 19. In ivhat respects did tJie priesthood of Christ excel the Aaronic ? 1st. In the dignity of his person. They were mere men. He was the eternal Son. They were sinners who had first to make atonement for their own sin, and afterwards for the sin of the people. He was holy, harmless and undefiled. — Heb. vii. 26, 27. He was perfect man, and yet his access to God was infinitely nearer than that of any other being. — John x. 30; Zech. xiii. 7. 2d. In the infinite value of his sacrifice. Theirs could not cleanse from sin, Heb. x. 4, and were repeated continually. — Heb. X. 1-3. His sacrifice was perfectly efiicacious, and once for all. — Heb. x. 10-14. Thus theirs were only the shadow of his. — Heb. x. 1. 3d. In the manner of their consecration. They Avithout, he with an oath. — Heb. vii. 20-22. 4th. They, being many, succeeded each other by generation. He continueth forever. — Heb. vii. 24. 5th. Christ's priesthood is connected with a \"greater and 398 MEDIATORIAL OFFICE OF CHRIST. more perfect tabernacle,\" earth the outer court, heaven the true sanctuary. — Heb. ix. 11-24. 6th. Christ's intercession is offered from a throne. — Rom. viii. 34, and Heb. viii. 1, 2. 7th. While several of the Old Testament servants of God were at once both prophet and king, as David; and others both prophet and priest, as Ezra; Christ alone, and that in divine perfection, was at once prophet, priest, and king. Thvis his di- vine, prophetical, and kingly perfections qualified and enhanced the transcendent virtue of every priestly act. — Zech. vi. 13. 20. In luliat sense ivas Christ a priest after the order of Mel- chizedec ? The Aaronic priesthood was typical of Christ, but in two principal respects it failed in representing the great antitype. 1st. It consisted of succeeding generations of mortal men. 2d. It consisted of priests not royal. The Holy Ghost, on the other hand, suddenly brings Me\\- chizedec before us in the patriarchal history, a royal priest, with the significant names \" King of Righteousness \" and \" King of Peace,\" Gen. xiv. 18-20, and as suddenly withdraws him. Whence he comes and whither he goes we know not. As a private man he had an unwritten history, like others. But as a royal priest he ever remains without father, without mother, without origin, succession, or end; and therefore, as Paul says, Heb. vii. 3, made beforehand of God, an exact type of the eter- nity of tlie priesthood of Christ, Ps. ex. 4. The prophecy was, \"Thou shalt be a priest /orei;er,\" or an eternal priest \"after the order of Melchizedec.\" The similitude of this type, therefore, included two things : 1st, an everlasting priesthood; 2d, the union of the kingly and priestly functions in one person. — Fairbairn's \"Typology,\" Vol. II., Part III., Chap. iii. 21. Hoiv can it he proved that the Christian ministry is not a priesthood ? 1st. Human priests were ever possible only as types, but types are possible only before the revelation of the antitype. The purpose of the Aaronic priesthood was fulfilled in Christ, and therefore the institution was forever abolished by Christ. Heb. x. 1, 9, 18. 2d. Christ exhaustively discharges all the duties and pur- poses of the priestly office, so that any human priest (so-called) is an antichrist. — Heb. x. 14; Col. ii. 10. 3d. There can be no need of any priest to open the way for us to Christ. Because, while the Scriptures teach us that we ALL BELIEVERS P-RIESTS. 399 can only go to God by Christ, John xiv. 6, they teach us no less emphatically that we must come immediately to Christ, Matt, xi. 28; John v. 40, and vii. 37; Rev. iii. 20, and xxii. 17. 4th. No priestly function is ever attributed to any New Tes- tament officer, inspired or uninspired, extraordinary or ordi- nary. Tlie whole duty of all these officers of every kind is comprised in the functions of teaching and ruling. — 1 Cor. xii. 28; Eph. iv. 11, 12; 1 Tim. iii. 1-13; 1 Pet. v. 2. 5th. They are constantly called by different designations, expressive of an entirely different class of functions, as \" mes- sengers, watchmen, heralds of salvation, teachers, rulers, over- seers, shepherds, and elders.\" — See \"Bib. Repertory,\" Jan., 1845.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "128", "sort_key": 128, "group": "Chapter XXIV", "question": "In  what  sense  are  all  believers  priests?", "answer": "Although there can not be in the Christian church any class of priests standing between their brethren and Christ, yet in consequence of the union, both federal and vital, which every Christian sustains to Christ, which involves fellowship with him in all of Jiis human graces, and in all of his mediatorial functions and prerogatives, every believer has part in the priest- hood of his head in such a sense that he has immediate access to God through Christ, even into the hoHest of all, Heb. x. 19-22; and that being sanctified and spiritually qualified, he may there offer up, as a \"holy priest,\" a \"royal priest,\" spiritual sacrifices, not expiatory, but the oblation of praise, supplication, and thanksgiving, through Jesus Christ, and intercession for living friends, Heb. xiii. 15; 1 Tim. ii. 1, 2; 1 Pet. ii. 5, 9. They are by equal reason also prophets and kings in fellow- ship with Christ. — 1 John ii. 20; John xvi. 13 ; Rev. i. 6, and v. 10. AuTHOKrrATivE Statements. Catholic Doctrine of the Christian Priesthood. — \" Council of Trent,\" Sess. 23, ch. 1. — \"Sacrifice and priesttiood are, by the ordinance of God, in such wise conjoined, as that both have existed in every law. Whereas, therefore, in the New Testament, the Catholic Church has received, from the institution of Christ, the holy visible sacrifice of the Eucharist; it must needs also be confessed, that there is, in that church, a new, visible, and external priesthood, into which the old has been translated. And the sacred Scrijitures show, and the traditions of the Catholic Church has always taught, that this priesthood was instituted by the same Lord our Saviour, and that to the apostles, and their suc- cessors in the priesthood, was the power delivered of consecrating, offer- ing, and administering his body and blood, as also of forgiving and of retaining sins.\" Protestant Doctrine. — '■'■ Conf. Helv., \" ii. cap. 18. — \" The priestly office and the ministerial office differ exceedingly from each other. The for- mer is common to all Christians, the latter is not In the 400 MEDIATORIAL OFFICE OF CHRIST. New Testament of Christ there is no more such a priesthood as that which existed among the ancient people, which had an external unction, sacred vestments, and numerous ceremonies, which were types of Christ, who by coming and fulfilling them has abrogated all these things. But he remains eternally the only priest, and lest we should derogate aught from him, we give the name of priest to none of the class of ministers. For our Lord himself has not ordained in the church of the New Testa- ment any priests to offer daily the sacrifice of his body and blood . . . but only ministers to preach and to administer the sacraments. \" Sociaiaii Doctrine as to the iMediatorial Offices of Christ. — The Racovian Catechism teaches that Christ is both Prophet, Priest, and King. But it occupies one hundred and eighty pages (Section v.) in discussing his Prophetical office, and only eleven images (Section vi.) in discussing his Priestly, and nine pages (Section vii. ) his Kingly office. His death and the manner in which it contributes to our salvation is discussed (Sec. v. eh. 8.) under the head of his Prophetical office, while his Priestly work, though vaguely stated, is made to consist chiefly in his appearing iu heaven as our advocate, his intercession being rendered prevalent with God by his vii'tues and sufferings as a martyr.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "129", "sort_key": 129, "group": "Chapter XXV", "question": "What  was  the  doctrine  of  the  ^^  3Iarroio  Blen'  in  Scotland?", "answer": "The \"Marrow of ]\\Iodern Divinity\" was published in Eng- land, 1646, and republished in Scotland by James Hog of Car- nock, 1726. The \"Marrow Men\" were Hog, Thomas Boston, and Ralph and Ebenezer Erskine, and their followers in the Secession Church. They were perfectly orthodox with respect to the reference of the atonement to the elect. Their peculiar- ity was that they emphasized the general reference of the atone- ment to all men. They said Christ did not die for all, but he is dead for all, /. e., available. \" God made a deed of gift and grant of Christ unto all men.\" They distinguished between his \"giving love,\" which was universal, and his \"electing love,\" which was special (\"Marrow of ]\\Iod. Divinity\"). Dr. John Brown said before the Synod of the United Secession Church, 1845, \" In the sense of the Universalist, that Christ died so as to secure salvation, I hold that he died only for the elect. In the sense of the Arminian, that Christ died so as to purchase easier terms of salvation, and common grace to enable men to comply with those terms, I hold that he died for no man. In 27 418 THE ATONEMENT: ITS NATURE, ETC. the sense of the great body of Calvinists, that Clirist died to remove legal obstacles in the way of human salvation by mak- ing perfect satisfaction for sin, I hold that he died for all men \" (\" Hist, of Atonement Controversy in Secess. Church,\" by Rev. And. Eobertson). 20. State the doctrine of AmyraJdus of the French School of Saumur, and of Baxter in England. This scheme of Hypothetical or Conditional Universalism holds that God gave his Son to die in order to provide redemp- tion for all men indiscriminately, suspeiiding its actual enjoy- ment upon their free appropriation of it. At the same time he sovereignly wills to give the effectual grace which deter- mines that free self-appropriation only to the elect. The ordinary Calvinistic doctrine logically makes the de- cree to provide redemption the means to carry into effect the decree of election. The French and Baxterian view makes the decree of election the means of carrying into effect so far forth the general purpose of redemption (See \" Universal Redemp- tion of Mankind by the Lord Jesus Christ,\" by Richard Baxter. Answered by John Owen in his \"Death of Christ,\" etc.). These \"Novelties\" were explained away before the French Synod, 1637, and virtually condemned. 21. Exhibit the Bihlical evidence upon loldch the Calvinistic doctrine as to the \" Design \" of the Atonement rests. Ist. It is proved by the fact that this doctrine alone is con- sistent with the Scriptural doctrine that God has from eternity sovereignly elected certain persons to eternal life, and to all the means thereof It is evident that the rendering of satis- faction specially for the elect is a rational means for carrjnng the decree of election into execution. But, on the other hand, the election of some to faith and repentance is no rational pro- vision for executing the purpose to redeem all men. R. Wat- son (\"Institutes,\" Vol. II., p. 411) says that the view of Baxter, etc., \"is the most inconsistent theory to which the attempts to modify Calvinism have given rise.\" It is plain that if God pur- posed that the elect should certainly be saved, and others left to the just consequences of their sins, Christ could not have de- signed tiie benefits of his death indifferently for all men. 2d. Its design is shown from the very nature of the atone- ment as above proved. (1.) Christ expiated our sins as our sub- stitute in the strict sense. But a substitute represents definite persons, and his service, when accepted, actually discharges the obligation of those for whom it was rendered. (2.) Christ being our substitute under the \"covenant of works\" actually and per- CALVINISTIC DOCTRINE PROVED. 419 fectly satisfied all the demands of the covenant. In that case the terms of the covenant itself provide that those for whom it is satisfied must enjoy the reward. It is not the possibility of life, bnt life itself that is promised. 3d. The Scriptures declare everywhere that the design and legal effect of Christ's work is not to render salvation possible but actually to save, to reconcile God and not to render him only reconcilable. — Matt, xviii. 11; Rom. v. 10; 2 Cor. v. 21; Gal. i. 4; iii. 13; Eph. i. 7, and ii. 16. 4th. The Scriptures everywdiere teach that Christ p\\n-cliased faith, repentance, and the Holy Spirit's influences by his death and obedience. Hence he must have purchased them for those for whom he suffered and obeyed, and they can not, therefore, be the conditions upon which the enjoyment of the benefits of his death are suspended. \"We are blessed with all spiritvol blessings in heavenly things in Christ.\" — Eph. i. 3, 4. The Holy Ghost is \"shed on us throuqli Jesus Christ our Saviour.'\" Titus iii. 5, 6; Gal. iii. 13, 14; Phil. i. 29; Titus ii. 14; Eph. v. 25-27 ; 1 Cor. i. 30. 5th. Christ died in execution of the terms of an eternal covenant between the Father and himself This is certain — (1.) Because three intelligent eternal Persons must have always had a mutual plan comprehending all their works, prescribing their several parts therein. (2.) The Scriptures often refer to this covenant. — Ps. Ixxxix. 3, 4; Is. xlii. 6, 7, and liii. 10, 12. (3.) Christ made constant reference to it while executing it. Luke xxii. 29; John vi. 38, and x. 18. (4.) Christ claims its reward. — John xvii. 4-9. (5.) And speaks of those who had been previously given him by his Fatlier. — John x. 15-26. Then he must have died specially for those \"whom the Father had given him.\" 6th. The motive for his self-sacrifice is always declared to be the highest form o^ personal love. — John xv. 13; Rom. v. 8, and viii. 32; Gal ii. 20; Eph. iii. 18, 19; 1 John iii. 16; iv. 9, 10. 7th. The doctrine that Christ died specifically for the elect is everywhere stated in Scripture. — John x. 11, 15; Acts xx. 28; Rom. viii. 32-35 ; Eph. v. 25-27. 22. If Christ died only for his oivn i^eople, on what ground, does the general offer of the gospel rest ? \"The Lord Jesus, in order to secure the salvation of his people, and with a specific view to that end, fulfilled the con- dition of the law or covenant under which they and all man- kind were placed. These conditions Avere — (1) perfect obedi- ence; (2) satisfaction to divine justice. Christ's righteousness, therefore, consists of his obedience and death. That righteous- 420 THE ATONEMENT: ITS NATURE, ETC. ness is precisely what the laAv demands of every sinner in or- der to justification before God. It is, therefore, in its nature adapted to all sinners who were under that law. Its natiu-e is not altered by the fact that it was wrought out for a portion only of such sinners, or that it is secured to them by the cov- enant between the Father and the Son. What is necessary for the salvation of one man is necessary for the salvation of an- other and of all. It is also of infinite value, being the right- eousness of the eternal Son of God, and therefore sufficient for all. \"-^Hodge's \"Essays,\" pp. 181, 182. A hona fide offer of the gospel, therefore, is to be made to all men — 1st. Because the satisfaction rendered to the law is sufficient for all men. 2d. Because it is exactly adapted to the redemption of all. 3d. Because God designs that whosoever exercises faith in Christ shall be saved by him. Thus the atonement makes the salvation of every man to whom it is offered objectively possible. The design of Christ's death being to secure the salvation of his own people, incidentally to the accomplishment of that end, it comprehends the offer of that salvation freely and honestly to all men on the condition of their faith. No man is lost for the want of an atonement, or because there is any other barrier in the way of his salvation than his own most free and wicked will. 23. Hoivcan the condemnation of men for the rejection of Christ he reconciled loith the doctrine that Christ died for the elect only? A salvation all-sufficient and exactly adapted to his neces- sities is honestly offered to every man to whom the gospel comes; and in every case it is his, if he believes; and in no case does any thing prevent his believing other than his own evil disposition. Evidently he is in no way concerned with the design of God in providing that salvation beyond the as- surance that God intends to give it to him if he believes. If a man is responsible for a bad heart, and the exercises thereof, he must be above all worthy of condemnation for rejecting such a Saviour. 24. On ivhcd princijjles are those texts to he explained whicJi speak of Christ's hearing the sins of the world, and of his dying for ALL .'' These are such passages as Heb. ii. 9 ; 1 Cor. xv. 22 ; 1 John ii. 2; 1 Tim. ii. G; John i. 29; iii. 16, 17; vi. 51. These terms, \"world\" and \"all,\" are imquestionably used in very various degrees of latitude in the Scriptures. In 'many passages that latitude is evidently limited by the context, e. g., 1 Cor. xv. 22; Rom. V. 18; viii. 32; John xii. 32; Eph. i. 10; Col. i. 20; 2 Cor. VARIOUS VIEWS HEID IN THE CHURCH. 421 V. 14, 15. In others the word \"world\" is opposed to the Je^\\^sh nation as a people of exclusive privileges. — Eom. xi. 12, 15; 1 John ii. 2. It is evident that statements as to the design of Christ's death, involving such general terms, must be defined by the more definite ones above exhibited. Sometimes this general form of statement is used to give prominence to the fact that Christ, being a single victim, by one sacrifice atoned for so many. — Compare Matt. xx. 28, with 1 Tim. ii. 6, and Heb. ix. 28. And although Christ did not die with the design of saving all, yet he did suffer the penalty of that law under which all were placed, and he does offer the righteousness thus wrought out to all. 25. How are we to understand those passages lohicli speak of tJie possibility of those perishing for luhom Christ died ? Such passages are hypothetical, and truly indicate the na- ture and tendency of the action against which they warn us, and are the means which God uses under the administration of his Spirit to fulfil his purposes. God always deals with men by addressing motives to their understandings and wills, thus fulfilling his own design through their agency. In the case of Paul's shipwreck, it was certain that none should perish, and yet all would perish except they abode in the ship. — Acts xx^'ii. 24-31. On the same principle must be explained all such passages as Heb. x. 26-30; 1 Cor. viii. 11, etc. History of the Various Views held ix the Church. 26. State the gen£ral cliaraxiter of the Soteriology of the Early Fathers. 1st. From the very first the representative Christian Fathers taught in a crude, unscientific manner that Christ suffered as a substitute for his people, to expiate sin and to propitiate God. They freely applied to Christ's work the sacrificial language of the Scriptures. Outram, Dis. 1, ch. 17. — \"As it regards the work of Christ as the Redeemer of mankind, we find already in the language used by the Church Fathers on this point, in the period viiider consideration, all the elements that lay at the basis of the doctrine as it afterwards came to be defined by the Church.\"— Neander's \"Ch. Hist.,\" Vol. I., p. 640, see testi- monies below. 2d. Together with this view there was com- bined during the whole earlier age until the time of Anselm a view especially emphasized by Origen (185-254) and Irenseus (t200^, to the effect that Christ was offered by God as a ransom for his people to Satan, who held them by the power of con- 422 THE ATONEMENT: ITS NATURE, ETC. quest. This view was founded on such passages as Col. ii. 15, and Heb. ii. 14. 27. 8taie generally the four theories under one or other of ivhich all views ever entertained as to the nature of the reconciliation effected by Christ may he grouped. 1st. The Mystical, which, although it has assumed various forms, may be generally stated thus: The reconciliation effected by Christ was brought about by the mysterious union of God and man accomplished by the incarnation, rather than by his sacrificial death. This view was entertained by some of the Platonizing Fathers, by the disciples of Scotus Erigena during the Middle Ages, by Osiander and Schwenkfeld at the Refor- mation, and by the school of Schleiermacher among modern German tlieologians. 2d. The Moral Influence Theory first distinctivel}' elaborated by Abelard (11142) and held by the Socinians, and such Trin- itarians as Maurice, Young, Jowett, Bushnell, etc. The points involved are — (1.) There is no such principle as vindicatory justice in God. (2.) Benevolence is the single ultimate prin- ciple determining God in his provisions for human redemption. (3.) The sole object of the life and death of Christ is to produce a moral effect upon the individual sinner, subduing his obdurate aversion to God and his sullen distrust of his wilHngness to for- give. Thus reconciling man to God instead of God to man. (4.) The Socinians lield in addition that Christ's death was the necessary precondition of his resurrection, by Avhicli he brought immortality to light. 3d. Tlie Governmental Theory, which, presupposing all the positive truth contained in the \" ]\\Ioral Influence Theory,\" maintains — (1.) That justice in God is not vindicatory, but is to be referred to a general Governmental rectitude, based upon a BENEVOLENT regard for the highest ultimate and most general \\\\^ll-being of the subjects of his moral government. (2.) Law li~a product of the divine will and therefore relax- able. (3.) God's sovereign prerogative includes the riglit of pardon. (4.) But the governmental rectitude above explained, in view of the fact that indiscriminate pardon would encourage the violation of law, determines God to condition the pardon of human sinners upon an imposing example of suffering in a victim so related to mankind and to himself, as effectually to demon- strate his determination that sin should not be indulged with impiuiity. Therefore — (a.) Christ's sufferings were not punish- ment, but an example of a determination to punish hereafter. (/>.) They were designed not to satisfy divine justice, but to impress the public mind of the moral universe with a sin- CLASSICAL AND CONFESSIONAL AUTHORITIES. 423 deterring motive. This theory was first elaborated by Hugo Grotius (tl645) in his great work, '■^Defensio Fidei CathoUcce de Satisfacfione Christi,'\" in which he abandoned the faith lie as- sumed to defend. It has never been embodied in the creed of any historical church, but has been held by several schools of theologians, e. g., the Supernaturalists of the last age in Ger- many, as Staudlin, Flatt, and Storr, and in America by Jonathan Edwards, Jr., Smalley, Maxey, Dwight, Emmons, and Park. Remarks. — While this theory embraces much precious truth, it fails in the essential point on which the integrity of the whole depends. For — (1.) Only a real bona fide punishment can be an example of a punishment, \"or a proof of God's determination to punish sin. (2.) It ignores the essential justice of God, and (3) the fact that sin is an essential evil in itself, and (4) the fact that Christ suffered as the Head in whom all his members were United. 4th. The Satisfaction Theory consistently embraces the posi- tive elements of the \"Moral Influence\" and \"Governmental\" theories above stated. It was first analyzed and set forth in a scientific form by Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury (flOilS- tll09), in his epocli-raaking book, \"Oi^r Deus Homo\" and it has formed the basis of the Soteriological doctrines of all the creeds and classical theological literature of all the historical churches since his time. It has been sufficiently stated and proved in the former part of this chapter. Literature. — Hase, '■^Libri Symbolici Eccle. Evangelicce\" ; Nie- meyer, ^^CoUedio Coufessionum\" etc.; Streitwolf, '•'•Libri Symbolici Eccle. CathoUcce'' ^ De Sacri/iciis, Gulielmo Outramo Auctore\"; Neander's and Shaff's ^^ Church Histories\"; Archb. Magee, ''The Atonement \"; Shedd's ''History of Christian Doctrine \"; Oicens \"Works\" vol 10, \"Redemption\"; Ritschl, \"Crit. Hist, of the Christ. Doctrine of Reconciliation\" ; Candlish, \" The Atonement\" ; Watson's \"Institutes.\" CijAssicaij and Contessionaij Aijthoeities, Origen, \"Homil. ad Levif.,\" 1, speaking of Christ says, \"He laid his hand npon the head of the calf, i. e. , he laid the sins of mankind upon his own head, for he is the head of the body, the Church.\" Athanasius (1373), contra Aria/tos, 1, 45-160. — \"The death of the incarnate Logos is a ransom for the sins of men and a death of death.\" \"Laden with guilt the world was condemned bylaw, but the Logos assumed the condemnation, and suffering in the flesh gave salva- tion to all.\" Gregnv}/ the Great (t604), ^'Moralia in Jobiivi\" 17, 46. — \"Guilt can be extinguished only by penal offering to justice. . . Hence a sinless man must be offered. . . . Hence the Son of God must be born of a vixgin, and become man for us. He assumed our nature without our 424 TFIE ATONEMENT: ITS NATURE, ETC. coiTuj)tion {culpa). He made himself a sacrifice for us, and set forth for sinners his own body, a victim without sin, and able both to die by virtue of its humanity, and to cleanse the guilty, upon groTinds of justice. \" Beritdrd of Gluirvaux (fllSS), ^'■Tracl. cunlr. Err. Ahoehirdi,\" cap. 6, 15. — \"If One has died for all, then all are dead (2 Cor. v. 14), that is, the satisfaction of one is imputed to all, as that One bore the sins of aU, neither is it found that he who offended is one, and he that satisfied another, for the head and the body is one Christ. Therefore the Head made satisfaction for his members.\" Wi/diffe (1324-1384), \"i)e Incarn. ei Mort. Chri>^ti.\"—'' And since according to the third supposition, it is necessary that satisfaction should be made for sin, so it was necessary that that same race of man should make the satisfaction as great, as it had, in the first parent, made the ofienee, which no man could do, unless he were at the same time God and man.\" The Valenses of Piedmont, in 1542, presented a Confession to Fran- cis I. of France through Cardinal Sadolet. In it they say, \"This Con- fession is that which we have received from our ancestors, even from hand to hand, according as their predecessors in all times, and in every age, have taught and delivered. . . We beHeve and confess that the gratuitous remission of sins proceeds from the mercy and mere goodness of our Lord Jesus Christ, who died once for our sins, the just for the unjust; Avho bore our sins in his own body on the cross; who is our advocate with God, himself the price of our reconciliation; who alone has made satisfaction for believers, to whom sins are not imputed as they are to the unbelieving and the reprobates. \" John Wessel (1419-1489), \"De Oiuslx Incarnatiovis.\" — \" Truly himself God, himself priest, himself victim, he made satisfaction for himself, of himself, to himself. \" ' 'E.cempla Scnlcp Mfdifutiouis, \" Ex. 1, p. 544. — ' ' Our loving Father willed thee his own loving Son to be a surety, sponsor, guaranty with respect to sufficient doing and sufficient suffering, upon just pledge, for my universal failure and miscarriage.\" ' ' Oethodox Confession of the Catholic and Apostolic Eastekn Chukch, composed bj^ Petrus Mogilas, Metropolitan of Kiew, 1642, and sanctioned by the Synod of Jerusalem 1672, p. 85. ' ' The death of Christ was of a vei'y different kind from that of all other men in these respects; first, because of the weight of our sins; seconf/li/, because he wholly ful- filled the priesthood even to the cross; he offered himself to God and the Father for the ransoming of the human race. Therefore even to the cross he fulfilled the mediation between God and men.\" Roman Doctkine. — \"Council of Trent,\" Sess. 6, chap. 7. — \" ChriNt, who when we were enemies, on account of the great love wherewith he loved us, merited justification by his most holy passion on the wood of the cross, and made satisfaction to God the Father for us.\" \"Cntecltism of CoHiicll of Trent,\" Pt. II., ch. 5, Q. 60.— \"The first and most excellent satisfaction is that by which whatever is due by xis to God, on account of our sins, has been paid abundantly, although he should deal with us according to the strictest rigor of his justice. Tiiis is said to be that satisfaction, which we say has ajipeased God and rendered him propitious to us, and for it we are indebted to Christ the Lord alone, who having paid the price of our sins on the cross, most fully satisfied God.\" Luthekan Confessions, Hasc's \"Collection,\" p. 684, \"Formuln Con- cordia'.\"— \"That righteousness which before God is of mere grace im- puted to faith, or to the believer, is the obedience, suff\"ering, and resur- rection of Christ, by which he for our sakes satisfied the law, and expi- CLASSICAL AND CONFESSIONAL AUTHORITIES. 425 ated our sins. For since Christ was not only man, but God and man in one undivided person, so he was not subject to the law, nor obnoxious to suffering and death on his own account, because he was Lord of the law. On which account his obedience (not merely in respect that he obeyed the Father in his sufferings and death, but also that he for our sakes willingly made himself subject to the law and fulfilled it by his obe- dience) is imputed to us, so that God on account of that whole obedience (which Christ by his acting and by his suffering, in his life and in his death, for our sakes rendered to his Father who is in heaven) remits our sins, repiites us as good and just, and gives us eternal salvation.\" Reformed Doctrine. — \" Tliirty-nine Ariicle>i,'' Axis. 11 and 31.—- \"The offering of Christ once made is that i^erfect redemiDtion, propi- tiation, and satisfaction for the sins of the whole world both original and actual; and there is none other satisfaction for sin but that alone.\" Homih/ M. \" On Salvaiion.\"—\" God sent his only Son our Saviour Christ into tins world, to fulfil the law for us, and by shedding his most pre- cious blood, to make a sacrifice and satisfaction to his Father for our sins.\" \"Heidelberg Cat.,\" Ques. 12-18 and 40. \"West Conf. Faith.\" ch. viii., ? 5, and ch. xi., | 3. \"Form. Cons. Helvetica,\" cans. 13-15. Cocceius (\"De Faed. et Testam. Dei,\" cap. 5, 92). \"Thus that greatest mystery (the eternal covenant between the Father and the Son) is re- vealed in what manner we are j^^stified and saved by God, in what man- ner God may both be the one who judges, and who acts as surety, and who thus is himself judged, who absolves and who intercedes, who sends and is sent. Tiiat is in what manner God himself satisfied himself by his own blood.\" Remonstrant Doctrine. — Lhnborch, \"Apol. TJies.\" 3, 22, 5. — \"It may here be questioned in what way the sacrifice of one man is able to suffice and in fact did suffice for expiating the innumerable sins of so many myriads of men. Atisirer. It sufficed on two accounts, i^/z-s/ with re- spect to the divine will, which required nothing more for the liberation of the human race, but was satisfied with this one sacrifice alone. Sec- ondli/ with respect to the dignity of the person, Jesus Christ . . .21, 6. The satisfaction of Christ is so-called inasmuch as it releases from ^all the penalties due our sins, and by hearing and exhausting them, satisfies divine justice. But this sentiment has no foundation in Scripture. The death of Christ is called a sacrifice for sin; but sacrifices are not pay- ments of debts, nor are they full satisfactions for sins; but a gratuitous remission is granted when they are offered.\" Ri-monsfrantia, etc., five articles prepared by the Dutch advocates of universal redemption (1610), Art 2. — \"Therefore Jesus Christ, the Sa- viour of the world, died for all and every man, so that he impetrate 1 for all through his death reconciliation and remission of sins, nevertheless on this condition, that no one should have actual fruition of that recnu- ciliation, unless he is a believer, and that also according to the gospel.\" SociNiAN Doctrine. — '' Rm. Cut.,\" Sec. 5, ch. viii. — \" What was the purpose of the divine will that Christ should suffer for our sins ? ^4/(.*. Fir!<f, that a most certain right to, and consequently a sure hope of, the remission of their sins, and of eternal life, might by this means be cre- ted for all sinners (Rom. viii. 32 and v. 8-10). \"Swoudliy, that all sinners might be incited and drawn to Christ, seeking salvation in and by him alone who died for them. T/iivUi/, that God might in this manner tes- tify his boundless love to the human race, and might wholly reconcile them to himself (John iii. 16).\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "130", "sort_key": 130, "group": "Chapter XXVI", "question": "In  what  sense  is  Christ  to  continue  a  priest  forever?", "answer": "This is asserted by Paul, Heb. vii. 3, 24, to contrast the priesthood of Christ with that of Aaron, wliich consisted of a succession of mortal men in their generations. His priesthood is perpetual, because, 1st, by one sacrifice for sin he hath for- ever perfected them that are sanctified; 2d, he ever liveth to make intercession for us ; 3d, his person and work as mediator will continue for all eternity the ground of our acceptance, and the medium of our communion with the Father.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "131", "sort_key": 131, "group": "Chapter XXVI", "question": "Did  he  intercede  for  his  people  on  earth  ?", "answer": "He did exercise this function of his priesthood on earth, Luke xxiii. 34; John xvii. 20; Heb. v. 7; the principal scene of its exercise, however, is his estate of exaltation in heaven. 3. What is the vieiu which the Scriptures present of the inter- cession of Christ? 1st. He appears in the presence of God for us, as the priestly advocate of his people, and presents his sacrifice. — Heb. ix. 12, 24; Eev. V. 6. 2d. He acts as our advocate with the Father, and on the basis of his own perfect work under the terms of the covenant of grace, claims as his own right, though as infinitely free grace to usward, the f\\ilfillment of all the promises of his covenant. 1 John ii. 1; John xvii. 24; xiv. 16; Acts ii. 33; Heb. vii. 25. 3d. Because of his community of nature with his people, and his personal experience of the same sorrows and tempta- tions which now afflict them, he sympathizes with them, and watches and succors them in all their varying circumstances, and adapts his ceaseless intercessions to the entire current of their experiences. — Heb. ii. 17, 18; iv. 15, 16; Matt, xxviii. 20; xviii. 20. AN ESSENTIAL PART OF HIS PRIESTLY WORK. 427 4th. He presents, and through his merits gains acceptance for the persons and services of his people. — 1 Pet. ii. 5; Eph. i. 6; Rev. viii. 3, 4; Heb. iv. 14^16.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "132", "sort_key": 132, "group": "Chapter XXVI", "question": "For  wliom  does  he  intercede?", "answer": "/ Not for the world, but for his own people of every fold, and of all times. — John x. 16; xvii. 9, 20. 5. Show that his intercession is an essential part of his 2iriestly work. It is absolutely essential, Heb. vii. 25, because it is necessary for him as mediator not merely to open up a way of possible salvation, but actually to accomplish the salvation of each of those given to him by the Father, and to furnish each with an ^''introduction'' {Ttpudaycoy?}) to the Father. — John xvii. 12; Eph. ii. 18; iii. 12. The communion of his people with the Father will ever be sustained through him as mediatorial priest. — Ps. ex. 4; Rev. vii. 17. 6. What relation does the ivork of the Holy Ghost sustain to the intercession of Christ? Christ is a royal priest. — Zech. vi. 13. From the same throne, as king, he dispenses his Spirit to all the objects of his care, while as priest he intercedes for them. The Spirit acts for him, taking only of his things. They both act with one consent, Christ as principal, the Spirit as his agent. Christ intercedes for us, without us, as our advocate in heaven, accord- ing to the provisions of the eternal covenant. The Holy Ghost works upon our minds and hearts, enlightening and quicken- ing, and thus determining our desires \"according to the Avill of God,\" as our advocate within us. The work of the one is complementary to that of the other, and together they form a complete whole. — Rom. viii. 26, 27; John xiv. 26.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "133", "sort_key": 133, "group": "Chapter XXVII", "question": "When  did  Christ  formally  assume  his  mediatorial  kingdom  ?", "answer": "1st. The advocates of the premillennial advent, and personal reign of Christ on earth, admit that Christ now reigns at his Father's right hand, on his Father's throne, and in liis Father's right, but maintain that he will not enter properly upon his own kingdom and sit upon his own throne as Mediator, until his second advent, when he will assume the literal throne of David, and constitute the kingdom from Jerusalem its capital. 2d. The truth as held by all branches of the historical church is, that while Christ has been virtually mediatorial King as well as Prophet and Priest from the fall of Adam, yet his public and formal assumption of his throne and in- auguration of his spiritual kingdom dates from his ascension and session at the right hand of his Father. This is proved because the Old Testament predictions of his kingdom (Ps. ii. 6; Jer. xxiii. 5; Is. ix. 6; Dan. ii. 44) are in the New Testament applied to the frst advent. John the Baptist declared that the kingdom of heaven was at hand. Christ declared \"the kingdom of God is come unto you,\" and likens it to the field with wheat and tares growing together, etc. — ]\\Iatt. iv. 23; Acts ii. 29-36. 5. What are the different titles apjMed in Scripture to this king- dom, and what are the senses in tvhich these titles of the lingdoni are used ? It is called — (1.) The \"kingdom of God,\" Luke iv. 43, be- 430 MEDIATORIAL KINGSHIP OF CHRIST. cause it is pre-eminently of divine origin, and the authority of God is M'ith pecuHar directness and fulness exercised in its administration. (2.) \"The kingdom of Christ\" and of \"God's dear Son,\" Matt. xvi. 28; Col. i. 13, because he is in person the immediate sovereign. (3.) \"The kingdom of heaven,\" Matt, xi. 12, because its origin and characteristics are from heaven, and its consummation is to be in heaven. These phrases are sometimes used to express — (1.) Christ's mediatorial authority, or its administration, and the power and and glory which belong to it, as when we ascribe to him the \" kingdom and the power and the glory,\" or affirm that of \" his kingdom there shall be no end.\" (2.) The blessings and advantages of all kinds, inward and outward, which are char- acteristic of this administration, as wlien we say the \"king- dom is righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Ghost.\" Thus Napoleon III. said, \"The Empire is peace.\" (3.) The subjects of the kingdom collectively, as when we are said to \" enter the kingdom,\" and speak of \" the keys of the kingdom,\" which admit to or exclude from this community. In this latter sense the phrase \" kingdom of God,\" or \" of heaven,\" is synon- ymous with the word \"Church.\" The word (jadiXEia, in this connection, occurs one hundred and thirty-seven times in the entire New Testament, and one hundred and ten times in the gospels, fifty-three times in Mat- thew alone, the gospel most nearly related to the Old Testa- ment, and only twenty times in the epistles, while kHKXr]6ia, when referring to the Church of Christ, occurs but once in the gospels and eighty-eight in the epistles and revelations. 6. What is the nature of Christ's hingly administration of the affairs of his own 'people, i. e., of his kingdom as distinct from tJie . universe ? 1st. It is pi'ovidential. He administers his providential gov- ernment over the universe with the design of accomplishing thereby the support, defence, enrichment, and glorification of his people. 2d. It is accomplished by the dispensation of his Spirit effectually calling, sanctifying, comforting, preserving, raising, and glorifying his people. — John xv. 26 ; Acts ii. 33-36. 3d. It is accomplished by his prescribing the form, and order, and functions of his church, the officers who are to act as the organs of those functions, and the laws which they are to ad- minister.—Matt, xxviii. 18, 19, 20; Eph. iv. 8, 11. 4th. By des- ignating the persons who are successively to assume those offices, by means of a spiritual call, expressed in the witness of the Spirit, the leadings of providence, and the call of the HIS KINGDOM IS SPIRITUAL 431 brethren.— Acts i. 23, 24; vi. 5; xiii. 2, 3; xx. 28; 1 Tim. i. 12; iv. 14. Under this administration this kingdom presents two as- pects, 1st, as mihtant, Eph. vi. 11-16; 2d, as glorified.— Rev. iii. 21. And accordingly Christ presents himself as fulliUing, in his administration of the affairs of his kingdom, the functions of a great Captain, Rev. xix. 11, 16, and of a sovereign Prince reigning from a throne. — Rev. xxi. 5, 22, 23. The throne upon which he sits and from which he reigns is presented in three different aspects, corresponding to the dif- ferent relations he sustains to his people and the world; as a throne of grace, Heb. iv. 16; a throne of judgment. Rev. xx. 11-15; and a throne of glory. — Compare Rev. iv. 2-5 with Rev. V. 6.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "134", "sort_key": 134, "group": "Chapter XXVII", "question": "In  tvhat  sense  is  Chrisfs  kingdom  spiritual.?", "answer": "1st. The King is a spiritual and not an earthly sovereign. Matt. XX. 28; John xviii. 36. 2d. His throne is at the right hand of God. — Acts ii. 33. 3d. His sceptre is spiritual. — Is. liii. 1; Ps. ex. 2. 4th. The citizens of his kingdom are spiritual men. — Phil. iii. 20; Eph. ii. 19. 5th. The mode in which he ad- ministers his government is spiritual. — Zech. iv. 6, 7. 6th. His laws are spiritual. — John iv. 24. 7th. The blessings and the penalties of his kingdom are spiritual. — 1 Cor. v. 4-11; 2 Cor. X. 4; Eph. i. 3-8; 2\"Tim. iv. 2; Tit. ii. 15. 8. What is the extent of the poivers which Christ has vested in his visible church ? In respect to the civil magistrate the church is absolutely independent. In subjection to the supreme authority of Christ her head the powers of the church are solely, 1st, declarative, i. e., to expound the Scriptures, which are the perfect rule of faith and practice, and thus to witness to and promulgate the truth in creeds and confessions, by the pulpit and the press. And, 2d, ministerial, i. e., to organize herself according to the pattern furnished in the Word, and then to administer, through the proper officers, tlie sacraments, and those laws and that discipline prescribed bj^ the Master, and to make provision for the proclamation of the gospel of the kingdom to every crea- ture.—Is. viii. 20; Deut. iv. 2; Matt, xxviii. 18-20; Heb. xiii. 17; 1 Pet. ii. 4.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "135", "sort_key": 135, "group": "Chapter XXVII", "question": "What  are  the  conditions  of  admission  into  Christ's  kingdom  ?", "answer": "Simply practical recognition of the authority of the sover- eign. As the sovereign and the entire method of his admin- istration are spiritual, it is plain that his authority must be 4:32 MEDIATORIAL KINGSHIP OF CHRIST. understood and embraced practically, according to its spiritual natnre. This is that spiritual faith which involves spiritual illunnnation. — John iii. 3, 5; i. 12; 1 Cor. xii. 3. 10. Wliat is the Romish doctrine of the relation of the shurcJi to the state ? According to the strictly logical Romish doctrine, the state is only one phase of the church. The whole nation being in all its members a portion of the church universal, the civil or- ganization is comprehended Avithin the church for special sub- ordinate ends, and is responsible to the church for the exercise of all the authority delegated to it. First Dogmatic Constitution on the Church.^ Council of the Vat- ican., 1870, Ch. iv., declares that the judgments of the Pope, pronounced ex cathedra., as pastor and doctor of all Christians, upon any question of faith or morals is infallible and irreforma- ble. This infallibility is personal, independent, separate, and absolute. This comprehends all matter of fact and doctrine revealed, and all such further matters of fact or truth unre- vealed yet involved in the defence of that which is revealed. In the third chapter the supreme authority of the infallible Pope is extended \" to the supreme and full power of jurisdic- tion over the universal church, 7iot only in things which belong to faith and morals, hut cdso in those which relate to the disci- pline and government thereof.\" In the \" Papal Syllabus of Errors,\" 1864, sent to all the bishops by the authority of the Pope, the right of religious liberty is condemned, the right to enforce the decrees of the church by force is asserted, and the marriage of those who re- fuse to accept the Romish Sacrament of matrimony declared void (see the affirmative propositions published by Von P. Clemens Schrader, with the approbation of the Pope). Pope Pius himself, in his reply to the Address from the Academia of the Catholic Religion (July 21, 1873), declares that the Pope possesses the riglit, which he properly uses, un- der favorable circumstances, \"to pass judgment even in civil affairs, on the acts of princes and of nations.\" Archbishop Manning, in \" Caesarism and Ultramontanism,\" p. 35, says, \" If, then, the civil power be not competent to de- cide the limits of the spiritual power, and if the spiritual power can define, with a divine certainty, its own limits, it is evi- dently supreme. Or in other words, the spiritual power knows with divine certainty the limits of its own jurisdiction ; and it knows therefore the limits and competence of the civil power.\" \"Any power which is independent, and can alone fix the limits RELATION OF CHURCH AND STATE. 433 of its own jurisdiction, and can thereby fix the limits of all other jurisdiction, is ipso facto supreme.\" — See Hon. Wm. E. Gladstone, \"The Vatican Decrees in their bearing on Civil Allegiance,\" and his \" Answer to Reproofs and Replies.\" 11. What is tJie Erastian doctrine as to the relation of the church to the state ? This doctrine, named from Erastus, a physician resident in Heidelberg in the sixteenth century, is precisely contrary to that of the Romanists, {. e., it regards the church as only one phase of the state. The state, being a divine institution, de- signed to provide for all the wants of men, spiritual as well as temporal, is consequently charged with the duty of providing for the dissemination of pure doctrine, and for the proper ad- ministration of the sacraments, and of discipline. It is the duty of the state, therefore, to support the church, to appoint its officers, to define its laws, and to superintend its administration. 12. What is the commoyi doctrine of the Reformed Church on this point ? That the church and the state are both divine institutions, having different objects, and in every respect independent of each other. The members and officers of the Church are, as men, members of the state, and ought to be good citizens; and the members and officers of the state, if Christians, are mem- bers of the church, and as such subject to her laws. But nei- ther the officers nor the laws of either have any authority within the sphere of the other.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "136", "sort_key": 136, "group": "Chapter XXVII", "question": "What  is  the  idea  and  design  of  the  State  ?", "answer": "Civil government is a divine institution, designed to protect men in the enjoyment of their civil rights. It has, therefoi'e, dei-ived from God authority to define those rights touching all questions of person and property, and to provide for their vin- dication, to regulate intercourse, and to provide all means nec- essary for its own preservation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "137", "sort_key": 137, "group": "Chapter XXVII", "question": "What  is  the  design  of  the  visible  Church  ?", "answer": "It is a divine institution designed to secure instrumentally the salvation of men. To that end it is specially designed — 1st. To bring men to a knowledge of the truth. 2d. To secTU'e their obedience to the truth, and to exercise their graces by the public confession of Christ, the fellowship of the brethren, and the administration of the ordinances and discipline. 28 434 MEDIATORIAL KINGSHIP OF CHRIST. 3d. To constitute tlie visible witness and prophetic type of the church invisible and spiritual. 15. What are the duties of the officers of the State tvith regard to the Church ? The state is a divine institution, and the officers thereof are God's ministers, Rora. xiii. 1-4, Christ the Mediator is, as a revealed fact, \" Ruler among the Nations,\" King of kings, and Lord of lords. Rev. xix. 16; Matt, xxviii. 18; Phil. ii. 9-11; Eph. i. 17-23, and the Sacred Scriptures are an infallible rule of faith and practice to all men under all conditions. It follows therefore — 1st. That every nation should expli- citly acknowledge the Christ of God to be the Supreme Gov- ernor, and his revealed will the supreme fundamental law of the land, to the general principles of which all special legisla- tion should be conformed. 2d. That all civil officers sliould make the glory of God their end, and his revealed will their guide. 3d. That, while no distinction should be made between the various Christian denominations, and perfect liberty of conscience and worship be allowed to all men, nevertheless the Christian magistrate should seek to promote piety as well as civil order (\"Conf Faith,\" ch. 23, § 2). This they are to do, not by assuming ecclesiastical functions, nor by attempting to patronize or control the church, but by their personal example, by giving impartial protection to churcli property and facility to church work, by the enactment and enforcement of laws conceived in the true spirit of the Gospel, and especially in maintaining inviolate the Christian Sabbath, and Clnistian marriage, and in providing for Christian instruction in the public schools. 16. What relation does the civil law in the United States sus- tain to Church polity, discipline, and property ? I. History. — 1st. In England the established Church is a corporation created and controlled by the State. 2d. In most of the American Colonies, the State, at first, undertook the absolute control of ecclesiastical affairs, and limited rights of citizenship by religious tests. II. Present Facts. — 1st. The Constitution of the United States provides that \" No religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States, and that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise there- of\" The constitutions of the several states provide to the same effect. RELATION OF CHURCH AND STATE IN THE U. S. 435 2d. Christianity in a general sense is, as an historical fact, an essential element of the common law of England, and. therefore that of the United States (except Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, California, etc.), incorporated in our customs, principles, precedents, etc.* 3d. It is recognized by the civil law as the historical and actual religion of tiie vast majority of the citizens of the United States. The Christian faith and the institutions in which it finds expression, are, therefore, to be reverenced and protected by the civil law. 4th. The civil law, therefore, recognizes the church, as having an historic character, and as being an important element of society. It recognizes and protects its right to exist and enjoy the possession of its legitimate privileges and powers. Thus the civil law recognizes and protects (1) the autonomy of the church as to (a) its general polity and (i) its discipline of persons. (2.) The rights of each cliurch as an organized whole to its property. 5th. The civil courts recognize as final the decisions of church courts as to (1) who are members of the church, and (2) who are the spiritual officers of the church. The civil court will not presume to go back of the decision of the church court in order to determine (1) whether it was rightly constituted (t. e., if the church coin-t in question be recognized by tlie high- est authority in the church), or (2) whether subsequently to its constitution the church court has acted consistently with its own rules. Judge Rogers, of the Supreme Court of Penna., in the case of the German Reformed Church of Lebanon Co., Pa., said, \"The decisions of ecclesiastical courts, like every other judicial tribunal, are final, as they are the best judges of what consti- tutes an offence against the word of God and the constitution of the church.\" The Supreme Court of the United States, in the case of the Walnut Street Church, Louisville, Ky., 1872, decided — (L) Where the subject matter of dispute is strictly and purely ecclesiastical in its character, a matter which concerns theological controversy, church disciphne, ecclesiastical govern- ment, or the conformity of the members of the church to tlie standard of morals required of them, and the ecclesiastical courts claim jurisdiction, the civil courts will not assume juris- diction— they will not even inquire into the right of tlie juris- diction of the ecclesiastical coiu-t. (2.) A spiritual court is the exclusive judge of its own ju- * Case of Updegraflf v. The Commonwealth of Pemia., 11 S. and E. 400, before Supreme Court, Justices Duncan, Tilghman, and Gibson, 1824. 436 MEDIATORIAL KINGSHIP OF CHRIST. risdiction: its decision of that question is binding on the secular courts (see \"Presbyterian Digest,\" Dr. Wm. E. Moore, p. 251). 6th. The civil law recognizes the right of the church to discipline its members. Even the public declaration made pur- suant of the rules of order of a church from which a member has been excommunicated, because of his commission of an offence regarded as infamous by the law, is justified, and no action of slander can be maintained for such a publication. 7th. The church proper, or \"ecclesiastical society,\" is distin- guished from the incorporated \"religious society\" created to hold property for the use of the former. These incorporated religious societies are governed by their charters, and by the by-laws made in pursuance thereof; they hold property by means of trustees, and are virtually civil societies as much as any bank or railroad company. It is governed by the law precisely as other corporations are. It is subject to visitation. Intrusion into its offices may be remedied, and it will be re- strained from a maladministration, or a misappropriation of the property. Its articles of association, and by-laws under its charter, providing for meetings, elections, and conduct of temporal affairs, may be changed according to the terms pro- vided by the charter, but are binding while they exist. Sub- stantial conformity to them is essential to the valid transaction of business, and may be reviewed by the civil court. Sth. When the \"'Will\" or \"Deed of Gift\" or \"Terms of Sub- scription \" of the original donors of the property, or the charter of the church, prescribes neither (1) any specific doctrine, nor (2^ any particular form of church government, nor connection with any definite religious denomination, then the majority of the members of the church in question control the property, and in case of change of doctrines, or discipline, or of denomi- national relation, may carry the property Avith them. But whenever either the doctrine or the form of government or ecclesiastical connection is defined, either by the original donors or by the charter of the church, the civil courts Avill protect and enforce the trust. In such case, if any change is made by the majority in either of these essential points, the majority, however large, forfeits the property, and the minority, however small, will be maintained in possession. And the civil court will in all such cases receive and act on the decisions of the superior ecclesiastical courts as final (see Lectures by Hon. Wm. Strong, LL.D., Justice of Supreme Court of U. S., 1875). 17. What is the relative jurisdictions of the '■'■ Boards of Trustees'' and of the '■^Sessions'' of our Preshytcrian Churches, over the houses of worship pertaining to their respective Congregations ? HIS KINGDOM EVERLASTING. 437 The \"Session\" is the only body of congregational ofRcers known to our ecclesiastical constitution. The \" Board of Trus- tees \" is a creature of the civil courts for the piirpose of holding the congregational property in trust. As to their respective jurisdictions the decisions of the courts and of the general assembly are in harmony with each other. The legal title to the property is vested in the trustees, and they have the custody of it \"for the uses and purposes for which they hold it in trust,\" namely, the worship of God, etc., accord- ing to the order of the church to which it appertains, including business meetings relating to the congregation. The session is charged with the supervision of the spiritual interests of the congregation, including the right to direct and control the use of the building for such purposes. In the Supreme Court of the United States, in the Louisville Walnut Street case, the following principles were enunciated: \"1. By the act of the leg- islature creating the trustees of a church, a body corporate, and by the acknowledged rules of the Presbyterian Church, the trustees are the mere nominal title-holders and custodians of the church property. 2. That in the use of the property for all religious services, or ecclesiastical purposes, the trustees are under the control of the church session.\" In a difference be- tween trustees and the session of a church in Philadelphia respecting an organist, the question was carried to the Supreme Court of that state, who decided that the worship of the con- gregation was under the charge of the session, and that the service of song was a part of the worship, and hence the appointment of the organist was in the session. The civil courts are very firm in maintaining the rights and privileges of religious worship, and of churches, and in requiring the ob- servance of the trust.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "138", "sort_key": 138, "group": "Chapter XXVII", "question": "What  are  the  duties  of  the  Church  ivith  regard  to  the  State?", "answer": "1st. The church owes obedience to the state in the exercise of her lawful authority over the public property of the church. 2d. She is bound to use all the lawful means in her possession for carrying the gospel to all the members of the state. Beyond this the church owes no duty to the state whatever. 19. In lohat sense is Christ to return his kingdom to his JFather, and in ivhat sense will his mediatorial headship continue forever ? The sum of what is revealed to us upon this subject appears to be, that after the complete glorification of his people, and the destruction of his enemies, Christ will demit his mediatorial authority over the universe, which he has administered as God- 438 MEDIATORIAL KINGSHIP OF CHRIST. man, in order that the Godhead absohite may be immediately all in all to the creature. — 1 Cor, xv. 24-28. But his mediato- rial headship over his own people, including the offices of propliet, priest, and king, shall continue forever. This is cer- tain— 1st. Because he is a priest forever, and of his kingdom there is no end. — Ps. ex. 4; Dan. vii. 14; Luke i. 33. 2d. The personal union between his divine and human nature is to con- tinue forever. 3d. As Mediator he is the head of the church, wiiich is his fulness, and the consummation of the marriage of the Lamb is the beginning of heaven. — Rev. xix. 7; xxi. 2, 9. 4th. As \"a Lamb that had been slain,\" he is represented in heaven on the throne as ever more the temple and the light of the city, and as feeding his people, and leading them to fountains of living waters. — Rev. v. 6; vii. 17; xxi, 22, 23. Christ executed his Office of Mediator both in his Estate of Humiliation and Exaltation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "139", "sort_key": 139, "group": "Chapter XXVII", "question": "Wlierem  does  Christ's  Immilicdion  consist  ?", "answer": "See \"Larger Catechism,\" Questions 46-50; \"Shorter Cate- chism,\" Question 27. 21. In what sense was Christ made under the laiv, and hoiu was that subjection an act of humiliation ? In his incarnation Christ was born precisely into the law place of his people, and sustained to the law precisely that rela- tion which they did. He was born under the law, then, 1st, as a rule of duty; 2d, as a covenant of life; 3d, as a broken cove- nant, whose curse was already incurred. His voluntary assump- tion of such a position was pre-eminently an act of humiliation : 1st. His assumption of a human nature was voluntary. 2d. After his incarnation his person remained divine, and the claims of law terminating upon persons, and not upon natures, his sub- mission to those claims was purely gratuitous. 3d, This con- descension is immeasurably heightened by the fact that he accepted the curse of the law as of a covenant of life already broken — Gal. iii. 10-13; iv. 4, 5, 22. In what sense did Christ undergo the curse of the lau\\ and hoiv loas that jyossiblefor God's tvell-beloved So7i ? In his own person, absolutely considered, Christ is often declared by the Father to be his \"beloved Son, with whom he was well i3leased,\" Matt. iii. 17; 2 Pet. i. 17; and he always did that which pleased God. — John viii. 29. But in his office THE HUMILIATION OF CHRIST. 439 as mediator he had assumed our place, and undertaken to bear the guilt of our sin. The wrath of God, then, which Christ bore, was the infinite displeasure of God against our sins, which displeasure terminated upon Christ's person vicariously, because of the iniquity of us all which was laid upon him. — Matt. xxvi. 38; xxvii. 46; Luke xxii. 44. 23. What are the different interpretations of the phrase in the apostles creed, \"Ae descended into hell,'' or Hades? The phrase, uar(xfia6iz eH aSov, desensus ad inferos, was one of the last incorporated into the ancient Creed. It is supposed to be derived from Ps. xvi. 10; Acts ii. 27; 1 Pet. iv. 18-20. Ist. The Catholic Church, on the basis of ancient tradition, interpret this phrase to mean that Christ after his death went in his entire person as God-man, to the Limbus Patrum, that department of Hades in which the Old Testament saints re- mained waiting for the revelation and application to them of his salvation. Here he preached the gospel, and brought them out to heaven. See below the \" Cat. Council of Trent.\" 2d. The Lutherans hold that Christ's death was the last stage in his humiliation, and his descent to Hades the first stage of his exaltation, since he went to reveal and consum- mate his victory over Satan and the powers of darkness, and to pronounce their sentence of condemnation. 3d. The Church of England affirms in the 3d Article — \"As Christ died for us and was buried, so also it is to be believed that he went down into hell.\" In the first book of Edward VI. it is stated more fully — \"The body of Christ lay in the sepul- chre until his resurrection, but his ghost departing from him, was with the ghosts which were in prison, or in hell, and did preach to the same, as the place of St. Peter doth testify.\" Bishop Pearson, in his \"■Exposition of the Creed,'' teaches that Christ really went to the place of the damned to consummate the expiation of human sin, and to destroy the power of hell over his redeemed. 4th. Calvin (\" Institutes,\" Bk. 2, ch. xvi., § 10) interprets this phrase metaphorically, as expressing the penal sufferings of Cln-ist on the cross. Our \" Conf. Faith \" affixes to the Creed the explanatory clause, \"continued in the state of the dead,\" and the American Episcopal Church affixes the equivalent clause, \"he went into the place of departed spirits.\" That is, Christ w^as a real man, consisting of soul and body, and his death was a real death, his soul leaving the body and going into the invisible Avorld of spirits, where it continued a sep- arate conscious existence until his resurrection. 440 MEDIATORIAL KINGSHIP OF CHRIST.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "140", "sort_key": 140, "group": "Chapter XXVII", "question": "Wliat  is  the  true  meaning  of  1  Pet.  iii  19-21  ?", "answer": "This passage is very obscure. The Romish interpretation is shown in the answer to the preceding question, i. e., that Christ went to the Liinhus Patrum and preached the gospel to those imprisoned spirits that were awaiting his advent. The common Protestant interpretation is that Christ was put to death in the body, but qiiickened, or restored to life by the Spirit, by which Spirit, inspiring Noah as a preacher of righteousness, Christ many centuries previously had descended from heaven, and preached to the men of that generation, who in their sin and unbelief were the \"spirits in prison.\" Only eight persons believed and were saved; therefore, Christian professors and teachers ought not to faint because of the nnbelief of mankind now. Another interpretation, suggested by Archbishop Leighton in a note, as his last opinion, and expounded at large by the late Dr. John Brown, of Edinburgh, is, that Christ dying in the body as a vicarious sacrifice is quickened in the spirit, i. e., spiritually quickened, manifested as a complete Saviour in a higher degree than was possible before, as a grain of wheat dying he began to bear much fruit; and thus quickened, he now, through the inspiration of his Spirit, preached to \" spirits in prison,\" i, e., prisoners of sin and Satan, just as he had before done, though with less power, through Noah and all the prophets, when the spirits were disobedient; under the ministry of Noah only eight souls being saved ; but since Christ was quickened in spirit, i. e., manifested as a complete Saviour, multitudes believed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "141", "sort_key": 141, "group": "Chapter XXVII", "question": "Wherein  does  Christ's  exaltation  consist  ?", "answer": "\" Shorter Cat.,\" Question 28, \" Larger Cat.,\" Questions 51-54. 26. In ivhat sense was it possible for the co-equal Son of God to he exalted ? As the co-equal Son of God this Avas impossible, yet his per- son as God-man was capable of exaltation in several respects. 1st. Through the union of the divine and human natures, the outward manifestations of the glory of his person had been veiled from the eyes of creatures. 2d. As ]\\Iediator he occupied officially a position inferior to the Father, condescending to oc- cupy the place of sinners. He had been inconceivably Innnbled, and, as a reward consequent upon his voluntary self-humilia- tion, the leather highly exalted him. — Phil. ii. 8, 9; Heb. xii. 2; Rev. V. 6. 3d. His human soul and body were inconceivably exalted.— ^latt. xvii. 2; Rev. i. 12-16; xx. 11. THE EXALTATION OF CHRIST. 441 27. Wliat are the various sources of proof by tvhich the resur- rection of Christ is established ? 1st. The Old Testament predicted it. Compare Ps. xvi. 10, and Acts ii. 24-31. All the other predictions concerning the Messiah were fulfilled in Christ, therefore this. 2d. Christ predicted it, and therefore, if he was a true prophet, he must have risen. — ^latt. xx. 19 ; John x. 18. 3d. The event, his extraordinary origin and character con- sidered, is not antecedently improbable. 4th. The testimony of the eleven apostles. These men are proved b}^ their writings to have been good, intelligent, and serious, and they each had every opportunity of ascertaining the fact, and they sealed their sincerity with their blood. — Acts i. 3. 5th. The separate testimony of Paul, who, as one born out of due time, saw his risen Lord, and derived his revelation and commission from him in person. — 1 Cor. xv. 8; Gal. i. 12; Acts ix. 3-8. 6th. He was seen by five hundred brethren at once, to whom Paul appeals. — Cor. xv. 6. 7th. The change of the Sabbath, from the last to the first day of the week, is a monument of the concurrent testimony of the whole of the first generation of Christians, to the fact that they believed that Christ rose from the dead. 8th. The miracles wrought by the apostles were God's seals to their testimony that he had raised Christ. — Heb ii. 4. 9th. The accompanying witness of the Holy Ghost, honor- ing the apostles' doctrine and ministry not merely by mirac- ulous gifts, but by his sanctifying, elevating, and consoling power. — Acts v. 32. Dr. Hodge.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "142", "sort_key": 142, "group": "Chapter XXVII", "question": "By  ivhose  power  did  Christ  rise  from  the  dead?", "answer": "The Scriptures ascribe his resurrection — 1st. To himself — John ii. 19; x. 17. 2d. To the Father. — Acts xiii. 33; Rom. x. 9; Eph. i. 20. This is reconciled upon the principle that all acts of divine power, terminating upon objects external to the Godhead, may be attributed to either of the divine persons, or to the Godhead absolutely. — John v. 17-19. 29. On ichat ground does the apostle declare that our fcnth is vain if Christ be not risen (1 Cor. xv. 14).^ 1st. If Christ be risen indeed, then he is the true ]\\[essiah, and all the prophecies of both dispensations have in that fact 442 MEDIATORIAL KINGSHIP OF CHRIST. a pledge of their fulfilment. If he has not risen, then are they all false. 2d. The resurrection proved him to be the Son of God, Rom. i. 4, for (1) he rose by his own power, (2) it authenticated all his claims with respect to himself. 3d. In the resurrection of Christ the Father publicly declared his approbation and acceptance of Christ's work as surety of his people. — Rom. iv. 25. 4th. If Christ has risen, we have an advocate with the Fa- ther.—Rom. viii. 34; Heb. 9, 11, 12, 24. 5t]i. If Christ be raised, we have assurance of eternal life; if he lives, we shall live also. — John xiv. 19 ; 1 Pet. i. 3-5. 6th. Owing to the union between Christ and his members, wdiich is both federal and spiritual, his resurrection secures ours, (1) because, as we died in Adam, so we must live in Christ, 1 Cor. xv. 21, 22-, (2) because of his Spirit, that dwell- eth in us. — Rom. viii. 11; 1 Cor. vi. 15; 1 Thess. iv. 14. 7th. Christ's resurrection illustrates and determines the na- ture of our resurrection as well as secures it. — 1 Cor. xv. 49; Phil. iii. 21 ; 1 John iii. 2. Dr. Hodge. 30. WJien, at lohat place, and in luhose presence did Christ ascend ? He ascended forty days after his resurrection, from a portion of the Mount of Olives, near to the village of Bethany, in the presence of the eleven apostles, and possibly of other disciples, while he was in the act of blessing them, and while they beheld him, and were looking steadfastly. Luke says, moreover, that there were two glorified men present, who are conjectured by Professor J. A. Alexander to have been Moses and Elijah. He was attended also witli angels celebrating his victory over sin, and his exaltation to his mediatorial throne. — Luke xxiv. 50, 51 ; Mark xvi. 19; x\\cts i. 9-11; Epli. iv. 8; Col. ii. 13-15; Ps. xxiv. 7-10; Ixviii. 18. 31. What are the different opinions as to the nature of Chrisfs ascoision ? Those who, as the Lutherans, believe that Christ's body is omnipresent to his church, of course, maintain tliat liis ascen- sion consisted not in any local change, but in the withdrawal of his former sensible intercourse with his disciples. It is certain, however, that his human soul and body did actually pass up from earth to the abode of the blessed, and that his entire person, as the God-man, was gloriously exalted. He ascended as Mediator, triumphing over his enemies, and AUTHORITATIVE STATEMENTS OF DOCTRINE. 443 giving gifts to his friends, Eph. iv. 8-12; to complete his me- diatorial work, John xiv. 2, 3 ; as the Forerunner of his people, Heb. vi. 20; and to fill the universe with the manifestations of his glory and power. — Eph. iv. 10. 32. What is included in Christ's sitting at the right hand of the Father ? See Ps. ex. 1; Mark xvi. 19; Rom. viii. 34; Eph. i. 20, 22; Col. iii. 1; Heb. i. 3, 4; x. 12; 1 Pet. iii. 22. This language is evidently figurative, yet it very expres- sively sets forth the supreme glorification of Christ in heaven. It presents him as the God-man, and in his office as Mediator exalted to supreme and universal glory, felicity, and power over all principalities and powers, and every name that is named. — Heb. ii. 9; Ps. xvi. 11; Matt. xxvi. 64; Dan. vii. 13, 14; Phil. ii. 9, 11; John v. 22; Rev. v. 6. Thus publicly assuming his throne as mediatorial Priest and King over the universe for the benefit of his church. Seated upon that throne hk, during the present dispensation, AS Mediator, effectually applies to his people, through his Spirit, that salvation which he had previously achieved for them in his estate of humiliation. AUTHOBITATIVE STATEMENTS OF DOCTRINES. Koman Doctrine. — \"Caf. Cone. Tre7il\" Pt. 1, ch. 6. — \"Therefore we profess that, immediately Christ was dead, his soul descended into hell. . . But in these words we at the same time confess, that the same per- son of Christ was at the same time, in hell and in the sepiilchre, for . . although his sonl departed from his body, his divinity was never sep- arated either from soul or body. . . The word \"hell\" signifies those hidden abodes in which are detained souls that have not attained heavenly bliss. . . These abodes were not all of the same kind. . . A third sort of receptacle is that in which were received the souls of the saints who died before the coming of Christ our Lord; and where, without any sense of pain, svistained by the blessed hope of redemption, they enjoyed a tranquil abode. The souls, then, of these jDious men, who in tlie bosom of Ahniham were expecting the Saviour; Christ the Lord liberated, de- scending into hell. . . . He descended not to suflfer aught but to liberate from the miserable weariness of that captivity the holy and the just, and to impart to them the fruit of his passion.\" Lutheran Doctrine. \"Ff^rmulu Concordice\" (Hase), p. 788. — \"There- fore we believe simply, that the entire person, God and man, after burial descended to the lower regions, overcame Satan, overthrew the infernal powers, and took away from the devil all force and authority. \" Pj). 767, 768. — \"By vii'tue of this personal union and communion, he produced all his miracles, and manifested his divine majesty, according to a most free will, when and in what manner seemed good to him, not only after his resurrection and ascension to heaven, but even in his state of humilia- tion. Indeed he had this majesty immediately upon his conceijtion, 444 MEDIATORIAL KINGSHIP OF CHRIST. even in the womb of liis mother; but as the apostle speaks (Phil. ii. 8), he emptied himself ; and as Dr. Luther teaches, he had this majesty secretly in the state of his humiliation, nor did he use it always, but as often as seemed to him good. But now, after he has, not in a common manner like any other holy person, ascended into the heavens; but, as the Apostle testifies (Eph. iv. 10), has ascended above all heavens, and truly fills all things, and everywhere jjresent, not only as God, but also as man, rules and reigns from sea to sea, and even to the ends of the earth. . . . These things, however, were not done in an earthly manner, but, as Dr. Luther was accustomed to say, in the way and man- ner of the right hand of God [pro modo el ratione de.iierce Dei), which is not any fixed and limited place in heaven, but signifies nothing else than the omnipotent power of God which fills heaven and earth — into posses- sion of wliich Christ really and truly comes as to his humanity without any confusion or equalizing of his natures (divine and human), either as to their essences or essential attributes.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "143", "sort_key": 143, "group": "Chapter XXVIII", "question": "What  is  iiicluded  in  the  external  call  ?", "answer": "1st. A declaration of the plan of salvation. 2d. A declara- tion of duty on the part of the sinner to repent and believe. 3d. A declaration of the motives which ought to influence the sinner's mind, such as fear or hope, remorse or gratitude. 446 EFFECTUAL CALLING. 4th. A promise of acceptance in the case of all those who comply with the conditions. — Dr. Hodge. 3. Hoio can it he proved that the external call to salvation is made only through the ivord of God ? The law of God, as impressed upon the moral constitution of man, is natm'al, and inseparable from man as a moral respon- sible agent. — Rom. i. 19, 20; ii. 14, 15. But the gospel is no part of that natural law. It is of grace, not of nature, and it can be made known to us only by a special and supernatural revelation. This is further evident, 1st, because the Scriptures declare that a knowledge of the word is essential to salvation, Rom. x. 14-17 ; and, 2d, because they also declare that those who neg- lect the word, either written or preached, are guilty of the eminent sin of rejecting all possibility of salvation. — Matt. xi. 21, 22; Heb. ii. 3. 4. On 2vhcd principle is this external call addressed equally to the non-elect as well as to the elect ? That it is addressed indiscriminately to both classes is proved — 1st. From the express declaration of Scripture. — Matt, xxii. 14. 2d. The command to preach the gospel to every crea- ture.— Mark xvi. 15. 3d. The promise to every one wlio ac- cepts it, — Rev. xxii. 17. 4th. The awfuljudgment pronounced upon those who reject it. — John iii. 19 ; xvi. 9. It is addressed to the non-elect equally with the elect, be- cause it is equally their duty and interest to accept the gospel, because the provisions of salvation are equally suited to their case, and abundantly sufficient for all, and because God intends that its benefits shall actually accrue to every one who accepts it. 5. Hoiv can it be proved that tJiere is an internal spiritual call distinct from- an external one? 1st. From those passages which distinguish the Spirit's influ- ence from that of the word. — John vi. 45, 64^ 65; 1 Thess. i. 5, 6. 2d. Those passages which teach that the Spirit's influence is necessary to the reception of the truth. — Eph. i. 17. 3d. Those that refer all good in man to God. — Phil. ii. 13; Eph. ii. 8; 2 Tim. ii. 25, e. (/., faith and repentance. 4th. The Scripture dis- tinguishes between the two calls; of the subjects of the one it is said, \" man}^ are called and few are chosen,\" of the subjects of the other it is said, \" whom he called, them he also justified.\" Of the one he says, \"Because I have called, and ye have re- fused.\"— Prov. i. 24. Of the other he says, \" Every man there- THE VARIOUS VIEWS STATED. 447 fore who hath heard and hath learned of the Father cometh unto me.\" — John vi. 45. 5th. There is an absolute necessity for such an internal, spiritual call, man by nature is \" blind \" and \" dead \" in trespasses and sins. — 1 Cor. ii. 14 ; 2 Cor. iv. 4 ; Eph. ii. 1.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "144", "sort_key": 144, "group": "Chapter XXVIII", "question": "Wliai  is  the  Pelagian  vieiv  of  the  internal  call?", "answer": "Pelagians deny original sin, and maintain that riglit and wrong are qualities attaching only to executive acts of the will. They therefore assert — 1st. The full ability, of the free- will of man as much to cease from sin at any time as to con- tinue in its practice. 2d. That the Holy Spirit produces no in- ward change in the heart of the subject, except as he is the author of the Scriptures, and as the Scriptures present moral truths and motives, which of their own nature exert a moral influence upon the soul. They deny \"grace\" altogether in the Scriptural sense.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "145", "sort_key": 145, "group": "Chapter XXVIII", "question": "What  is  the  Semipelagian  view  ?", "answer": "These maintain that grace isjiecessary to enable a man suc- cessfuU}^ to return unto God and live. ~^ef that from the very nature of the human will man must first of himself desire to be free from sin, and to choose God as his chief good, when he may expect God's aid in carrying his desires into effect. They deny irt-evenient grace, but admit co-operative grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "146", "sort_key": 146, "group": "Chapter XXVIII", "question": "What  is  the  Arminian  vieio?", "answer": "The Arminians admit the doctrine of man's total depravitv, and that in consequence thereof man is utterly unable to do any thing aright in the unaided exercise of his natural facul- ties. Nevertheless, as Christ died equally for every man, suffi- cient grace, enabling its subject to do all that is required of him, is granted to all. Which sufficient grace becomes efficient only when it is co-operated with and improved by the sinner. — \"Apol. Conf Eemonstr.,\" p. 162, b. ; Limborch, \"Theo. Christ..\" 4, 12, 8. 9. What is the doctrine on this subject tanght by the Symbols of the Lutheran Church ? They agree absolutely with the Eeformed or Calvinists — 1st. That all men are by nature spiritually dead, utterly unable either to commence to tm-n to God, or to co-operate with liis grace to that end prior to regeneration. 2d. That the gracious operation of the Holy Spirit on the human soul is the sole 448 EFFECTUAL CALLING. efficient cause which quickens the dead soul to life. Hence — 3d. The foundation upon which the salvation of believers rests is the eternal, gracious election of God to salvation. They re- fuse however to take the next step, and acknowledge that the reason unbelievers are not quickened is due to tlie equally sov- ereign witliholding of regenerating grace. They insist upon attributing it solely to the criminal resistance to the grace, of the initial stages of which all are the subjects. — '• Formula Con- cordise,\" Hase, pp. 579-583, 602-6(36, 817-821. A and B are alike sinners, A believes and B remains a rep- robate. The Pelagian says, because A willed to believe and B to reject. The Semipelagian says, because A commenced to strive and was helped, and B made no effort. The Arminian saj^s, because A co-operated with common grace, and B did not. The Lutheran says, both were utterly unable to co-operate, but B persistently resisted grace, and A ultimately yielded. The Calvinist says, because A was regenerated by the new creative power of God's Spirit, and B was not.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "147", "sort_key": 147, "group": "Chapter XXVIII", "question": "Wliat  is  the  Synergistic  vieiv  of  this  'point  ?", "answer": "At the call of Maurice, the new elector of Saxony, the divines of Wittemburg and Leipsic assembled at Leipsic, a. d. 1548, in conference, and on that occasion the Synergistic con- troversy arose. The term signifies co-operation. The Syner- gists were Lutheran theologians, who departed from their own system on thi^ one subject, and adopted the position of the Arminians. Melanchthon taught that \"there concur three causes of a good action, the word of God, the Holy Spirit, and the human will assenting, not resisting, the word of God.\" \" Loci Communes,\" p. 90. 11. What is tJie common doctrine of tlie Reformed Churches as to the internal call? That it is an exercise of the divine power upon the soul, immediate, spiritual, and supernatural, communicating a new spiritual life, and thus making a new mode of spiritual activity possible. That repentance, faith, trust, hope, love, etc., are purely and simply the sinner's own acts; but as such are pos- sible to him only in virtue of the change wrought in the moral condition of his faculties by the recreative power of God. — See \"Conf of Faith,\" Chap, x.. Sections 1 and 2. Common grace preceding regeneration makes a superficial moral impi-ession upon character and action but is generally resisted. The act of grace which regenerates, operating Avithin the spontaneous energies of the soul and changing their char- ''COMMON'' AND ''EFFICACIOUS'' GRACE. 449 acter, can neither be co-operated with nor resisted. But the instant the soul is regenerated it begins to co-operate with and sometimes, alas! also to resist subsequent gracious influ- ences prevenient and co-operative. But upon the whole and in the end grace preserves, overcomes, and saves. Eegenera- tion is styled by the Reformed Theologians Converdo habit ualis sen passiva, i. e., the change of character in effecting which the soul is the subject, and not the agent of action. Conversion they style Conversio actualis seu activa, i. e., the instantly con- sequent change of action in which the soul still prompted and aided by grace is the only agent. 12. What diversity of opinion prevails among the Romanists upon this subject ? The disciples of Augustine in that churcli, of whom the\\ Jansenists were the most prominent, are orthodox, but these ' have been almost universally overthrown, and supplanted by their enemies the Jesuits, who are Semipelagians. The Coun- cil of Trent attempted to satisfy both parties. — \"Council of Trent,\" Sess. 6, Can. 3 and 4. The doctrines of Quesnel, who advocated the truth on this subject, were condemned in the Bull \" Unigenitus,\" a. d. 1713. Bellarmin taught that the same grace is given to every man, which, by the event only, is proved practically congruous to the nature of one man, and therefore in his case efficacious, and incongruous to the nature of another, and therefore in his case ineffectual. 13. What is meant by \" common cjrace,'^ and hoio may it be shoivn that the Spirit does operate upon the minds of those luho are not reneiued in heart ? \"Common grace\" is the restraining and persuading influ- ences of the Holy Spirit acting only through the truth revealed in the gospel, or through the natural light of reason and of conscience, heightening the natural moral effect of such truth upon the understanding, conscience, and heart. It involves no change of heart, but simply an enhancement of the natural powers of the truth, a restraint of the evil passions, and an in- crease of the natural emotions in view of sin, duty, and self- interest. That God does so operate upon the hearts of the unregen- erate is proved, 1st, from Scripture, Gen. vi. 3; Acts vii. 51; Heb. X. 29 ; 2d, from universal experience and observation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "148", "sort_key": 148, "group": "Chapter XXVIII", "question": "How  does  common  differ  from  efficacious  grace?", "answer": "1st. As to its subjects. All men are more or less the sub- 29 450 EFFECTUAL CALLING. jects of the one; only the elect are snbjects of the other. — Rom. viii. 30; xi. 7; 2 Thess. ii. 13. 2d. As to its natnre. Common grace is only mediate, through the truth, and it is merely moral, heightening the moral influence natural to the truth, and exciting only the natural powers of the soul, both rational and moral. But effi- cacious grace is immediate and supernatural, since it is wrought directly in the soul by the immediate energy of the Holy Ghost, and since it implants a new spiritual life, and a capacity for a new mode of exercising the natural faculties. 3d. As to its effects. The effects of common grace are su- perficial and transient, modyifying the action, but not chang- ing the nature, and its influence is alwaj^s more or less con- sciously resisted, as opposed to the prevailing dispositions of the soul. But efficacious grace, since it acts not upon but in the will itself, changing the governing desires, and giving a new direction to the active powers of the soul, is neither re- sistible nor irresistible, but most free, spontaneous, and yet most certainly effectual. 15. Hoio can it he proved that this ejfficacioiis grace is confined to the elect? 1st. The Scriptures represent the elect as the called, and the called as the elect. — Rom. viii. 28, 30; Rev. xvii. 14 2d. This effectual calling is said to be based upon the decree of election, 2 Thes. ii. 13, 14; 2 -Tim. i. 9, 10. 3d. Sanctification, justifica- tion, and all the temporal and eternal benefits of union Math Christ are declared to be the effects of effectual calling. — 1 Cor. i. 2; Eph. ii. 5; Rom. viii. 30.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "149", "sort_key": 149, "group": "Chapter XXVIII", "question": "Prove  that  it  is  given  on  account  of  Christ  ?", "answer": "1st. All spiritual blessings are given on account of Christ. Eph. i. 3; Titus iii. 5, 6. 2d. The Scriptures specifically de- clare that we are called in Christ. — Rom. viii. 2 ; Eph. ii, 4-6 ; 2 Tim. i. 9. 17. What is meant hy saying that this divine influence is im- mediate and supernatural? It is meant, 1st, to deny, (1) that it consists simply in the moral influence of the truth; (2) that it consists simj)ly in the moral influence of the Spirit, heightening the moral in- fluence of the truth as objectively presented ; (3) that it excites the mere natural powers of the soul. It is meant, 2d, to affirm, (1) that the Holy Spirit acts immediately upon the soul from GOD ACTS IMMEDIATELY OX THE SOUL. 451 within; (2) that the Holy Spirit, by an exercise of recreative power, implants a new moral nature or principle of action. 18. What arguments go to shoiv that there is an immediate influence of the Spirit on the soul, besides that zvhich is exerted through the truth? Ist. The influence of the Spirit is clistin punished from that of the word. — John vi. 45, 64, 65; Rom. xv. 13; 1 Cor. ii. 12-15; 1 Thess. i. 5, 6. 2d. A divine influence is declared to be necessary to the reception of the truth. — Ps. cxix. 18; Acts xvi. 14; Eph. i. 17. 3d. Such an internal operation on the heart is attributed to God.— Phil. ii. 13; 2 Thess. i. 11; Heb. xiii. 21. 4th. The gift of the Spirit is disting-uished from the giit of the word. — John xiv. 16; 1 Cor. iii. 16; vi. 19; Eph. iv. 30. 5th. The nature of this influence is evidently different from that eff'ected by the truth. — Eph. i. 19; iii. 7. And the effect is called a \"new creation,\" \"new birth,\" etc., etc. 6th. ]\\Ian b}^ nature is dead in sin, and needs such a direct intervention of supernatural power. — Turretin, \"Theo. Instits.,\" L. XV., Quasstio 4. 19. What are the different reasons assigned for calling this grace EFFICACIOUS ? 1st. The Jesuits and the Arminians, holding that all men receive sufficient grace to enable them to obey the gospel if they will, maintain that this grace becomes efficacious when it is co-operated with by the will of the individual, and in any case is proved to be such only by the event. 2d. Bellarmin, and others, maintain that the same grace given to all is congruous to the moral nature of one man, and in that case efficacious, and incongruous to the nature of an- other, and in his case ineffectual. 3d. Some Romanists have maintained what is called the doctrine of cumulative influence. The consent of the soul is secured by the suasive influence of the spirit, rendered effectual by constant repetition and long continuance. 4th. The orthodox doctrine is that the efficacy of this grace is inherent in its very nature, because it is the exercise of the mighty power of God in the execution of his eternal and un- changeable purpose.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "150", "sort_key": 150, "group": "Chapter XXVIII", "question": "In  lohcd  sense  is  grace  irresistible  ?", "answer": "It must be remembered that the true Christian is the subject at the same time of those moral and mediate influences of grace 452 EFFECTUAL CALLING. upon the lo'iU, common to him and to the imconverted, and also of those special influences of grace within the toill, which are certainly efficacious. The first class of influences Christians may, and constantly do resist, through the laAv of sin remain- ing in their members. The second class of influences are cer- tainly efficacious, but are neither resistible nor irresistible, be- cause tliey act from within and carry the will spontaneously with them. It is to be lamented that the term irresistible grace has ever been used, since it suggests the idea of a me- chanical and coercive influence upon an unwilling subject, while, in truth, it is the transcendent act of the infinite Creator, mak- ing the creature spontaneously willing.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "151", "sort_key": 151, "group": "Chapter XXVIII", "question": "Hoiv  can  this  grace  he  proved  to  he  certainly  efficadous  ?", "answer": "1st. By the evidence we have given above, as to its nature, as the immediate operation of the mighty power of God. 2d. By the description of the work of grace. Men by na- ture are \" blind,\" \" dead,\" \" slaves,\" etc. The change effected is a \" new creation,\" etc. 3d. From the promises of God, which are certain. The means which he uses to vindicate his own faithfulness must be efficacious. — Ezek. xxxvi. 26; xi. 19; John vi. 45. 4th. From the connection asserted by Scripture between call- ing and election. The called are the elect. As God's decrees are certain, the call must be efficacious. — See above, Ques. 15. 5th. Faith and repentance are the gifts of God, and he who truly repents and believes is saved. Therefore, the grace which communicates those gifts is effectual. — Eph. ii. 8; Acts xi. 18; 2 Tim. ii. 25. 22. Hoio may it he proved that this infiuenjce is congruous ivitli our nature ? While discarding utterly the distinction made by Bellarmin (for which see above. Question 19), we say that efficacious grace is congruous to human nature as such, in the sense tliat the Spirit of God, while exerting an immediate and recreative influ- ence upon the soul, nevertheless acts in perfect consistency with the integrity of those laws of our free, rational, and moral na- ture, which he has himself constituted. Even in the miracu- lous recreation of the new birth, he acts upon our reasons and upon our wills in perfect accordance with the constitution of each. This is certain. 1st. The same God creates and recre- ates; his object is not to destroy, but to restore his own work. 2d. The Scriptures and our own experience teach that the im- mediately consequent acts of the soul in the exercise of im- planted grace, are pre-eminently rational and free. In fact, the THE WORD THE INVARIABLE INSTRUMENT. 453 soul never acted normally before. — Ps. ex. 3; 2 Cor. iii. 17; Phil. ii. 13. 3d. This divine influence is described by such terms as \"drawing,\" \"teaching,\" \"enlightening.\" — John vi. 44, 45; Eph. i. 18. 23. What do the Scriptures teach as to tlie connection of this influence ivith the truth ? In the case of the regeneration of infants the truth, of course, is not used. In the regeneration of adults the truth is always present. In the act of regeneration the Spirit acts immediately upon the soul, and changes its subjective state, while the truth is the object consciously apprehended, upon which the new faculties of spiritual discernment and the new affections are exercised. The Spirit gives sight, the truth is the light discerned. The Spirit gives feeling, the truth presents the object beloved. — Kom. x. 14, 17; James i. 18; John xvii. 17. 24. What reason may he assigned for the belief that the Spirit does not renew those adults to whom the truth is not known ? Negatively. The Bible never leads us to expect such an extension of grace, and neither the Scriptures nor our own experience among the modern heathen ever present us with any examples of such a work. Positively. The Scriptures always associate all spiritual influence with the truth, and declare the necessity of preach- ing the truth to the end of saving souls. — Rom. x. 14. 25. What are the objections to tJie Arminian doctrhie of suffi- cient grace ? They hold that God has willed the salvation of all men, and therefore has called all alike, giving to all a grace sufficient, if tliey will improve it. We object — 1st. The external call of the gospel has been extended to comparatively few. The heathen are responsible with the light of nature, and under the law of works, yet they have no means of grace. — Rom. i. 18-20; ii. 12-15. 2d. This doctrine is inconsistent with God's purpose of elec- tion.— See above. Chapter XI. 3d. According to the Arminian system it depends upon the free-will of the man to make the sufficient grace of God common to all men efficient in his case. But the Scriptures declare that salvation is altogether of grace, and a gift of God. — Eph. ii. 8; 2 Tim. ii. 25; Rom. ix. 15, 16. 4th. The Scriptures expressly declare that not even all who receive the external call have sufficient grace. — Rom. ix. 16-24; xi. 8. 454 EFFECTUAL CALLING. Authoritative Statements of Doctrine. EoMAN Doctrine. — \" Cone. Trent,\" Sess. 6, c. 1. — \"If any one saith that a man can be justified (by justification they mean the removal of sin and infusion of a gi-acious habit of soul) by his own works, whether done through the teaching of human nature, or that of the law, without the grace of God through Jesus Christ; let him be anathema. C. 2. — If any one saith, that the grace of God, through Jesus Christ, is given only for this, that man may be able more easily to live justly, and to merit eternal life, as if, by free-will without grace, he were able to do both, though hardly indeed and with difficulty, let him be anathema. C. 3. — If any one saith, that without i)revenient inspiration of the Holy Ghost, and without his help, man can believe, hope, love, or be penitent as he ought, so as that the grace of justification may be bestowed upon him; let him be anathema. C. 4. — If any one says that man's free-will moved and excited by God, by assenting to God exciting and calling, nowise co-operates towards disposing and preparing itself for obtaining the grace of justification; that it can not refuse its consent, if it would, but that as something inanimate it does nothing whatever, and is merely pas- sive; let him be anathema. Can. 5. — If any one saith that since Adam's sin, the free-will of man is lost and extinguished; or that it is a thing with only a name, yea a name without a reality, a figment in fine intro- duced into the woi-ld by Satan; let him be anathema.\" Doctrine or the Greek Chxjrch. — \" Jerem. in Act. Witem.\" — \" Even after the fall nothing hinders man from turning away from the bad, and superinduced upon this, doing good and choosing the right, as one who has free- irill. . . . From all these it is plain, that it is our part to awake and to obey, and we have ability to choose the good as well as the bad. We need only one thing, i. e., God's help, in order to succeed in the good and be saved, and without this help we have no strength to finish the work.\" Lutheran Doctrine. — \"Form. Concordicp\" p. 662. — \"But before man is enlightened, converted, regenerated, and drawn by the Holy Spuit, he is not able of himself, and by his own natural powers, in things sjiiritual and (tending) to his own conversion and regeneration, to begin, to produce, or to co-oj^erate in any thing, any more than is a stoneastockor aclod.\" Ih. p. 589. — \"What Doctor Luther wrote — 'That the will of man holds itself purely passive in conversion,' must be re- ceived rightly and fittingly, to wit, with respect to divine grace enkin- dling the new movements, that is, it ought to be understood concerning that, when the Spirit of God acts upon the will of man by the word heard, or by the use of the sacraments, and produces in man conversion and regeneration. For after the Holy Spirit has wrought this very thing, and has by his own divine energy alone changed and renewed the will of man; then, indeed, this new will is an instrument of the Holy Spirit of God, so that it may not only lay hold of grace, but also co-operate with the Holy Spirit in the works following.\" Reformed Doctrine. — •\" Conf. Faith,\" ch. x., | 1. — \"All those whom God hath i^redestinated unto life, and those only, he is pleased, in his appointed and accepted time, effectually to call, by his word and Spii'it, out of that state of sin and death, in which they are by nature, to grace and salvation by Jesus Christ; enlightening their minds, spiritually and savingly to understand the things of God, taking away their heart of stone, and giving unto them a heart of flesh; renewing their wills, and by his almighty power determining them to that which is good ; and AUTHORITATIVE STATEMENTS OF DOCTRINE. 455 effectually drawing them to Jesus Christ ; yet so as they come most freely, being made willing by his grace.\" \\1. — \"This effectual call is of God's free and special grace alone, not from any thing at all foreseen in man, who is altogether passive therein, until, being quickened and renewed by the Holy Spii'it, he is thereby enabled to answer this call, and to embrace the grace offered and conveyed in it.\" \" L. Cat.,\" Q. 67; \" S. Cat.,\" Q. 31. — '■'Canons of Synod of Bori\" chs. iii. and iv., \"Eejec. Er.,\" Error 4. — \" (They are renounced) who teach that an unregenerate man is not strictly and totally dead in sins, nor void of all power as to spiritual good; but that he is able to hunger and thu'st after righteous- ness, and to offer the sacrifice of a broken and contrite si^irit, which is accepted of God.\" Art. 12. — \" (Regeneration) is plainly supernatural, a most povrerful and at the same time most gentle ojjeration, wonderful, secret, and inexpressible, not inferior to a creation, nor less than a reviv- ing of the dead; so that all those, in whose hearts God works in this wonderful manner, are surely regenerated infallibly and effectually, and act faith. And then the will, now renewed, is not only acted on and moved by God, but being so moved, also itself acts. Wherefore also man himself is rightly said, through this received grace, to believe and repent.\" Eemonstkajstt Doctrine. — '■'■ Conf. Remonslr.\" 17, 6. — \"Therefore we decide that the grace of God is the beginning, progress, and comisletion of all good, so that the regenerate person himself, is not able to think, will, or do any saving good, without this previous prevenient, exciting, following, and co-operating grace. \" \" Apol. Conf. Bemons/r.,\" p. 162, b. — \"Grace is called efficacious from the result, vhich, however can be taken in a twofold sense : First, so that grace may be judged to have, of itself, no power to produce con- sent in the will, bi;t its entire efficacy may depend upon the human will: or, Secoiidli/, so that grace may be judged to have of itself sufficient power to produce consent in the will, but because this power is partial, it can not go out in act without the co-oi^eration of the free human will, and hence, that it may have efiect, it depends on free-will. The Re- monstrants wish the \"second \" to be taken as their meaning.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "152", "sort_key": 152, "group": "Chapter XXIX", "question": "What  is  the  Pelagian  view  of  regeneration  ?", "answer": "They hold that sin can be predicated only of volitions, and that it is essential to the liberty and responsibility of man that he is always as able to cease from as to continue in sin. Re- generation is therefore a mere reformation of life and habit. The man who has chosen to transgress the law, now chooses to obey it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "153", "sort_key": 153, "group": "Chapter XXIX", "question": "What  is  the  doctrine  of  the  Romish  church  on  this  subject  ?", "answer": "The Eomanists, 1st, confound together justification and sanctification, making these one act of God, whereby, for his own glory, for Christ's merits' sake, by the efficient powers of the Holy Ghost, and through the instrumentality of baptism, he at once cancels the guilt of our sins, and delivers us from the inherent power and defilement of original sin. — \"Coimcil of Trent,\" Sess. 6, Chap. vii. 2d. They hold the doctrine that regeneration is accomplished only through the instrumentality of baptism. This is effectual in every instance of its application to an infant. In the case of adults its virtue may be either resisted and nullified, or re- ceived and improved. In baptism (1) sins are forgiven ; (2) the moral nature of the subject is renewed, (3) he is made a son and heir of God. — \"Cat. Kom.,\" Part II., Chap. ii. VARIOUS VIEWS STATED. 457 4. Wliat are the different vieios as to baptismal regeneration entertained in the Church of England ? 1st. The theory of the party styled Puseyite, which is es- sentially the same with that of the Eomish church. They hold in general that the Holy Spirit, through the instrumen- tality of baptism, implants a germ of spiritual life in the soul, which may long remain latent, and may be subsequently de- veloped, or blasted. 2d. That of a large party most ably represented by the late Bishop H. U. Underdonk, in his \" Essay on Regeneration,\" Phila., 1835. He maintained that there are two distinct regen- erations; one a change oi' state or relation, and the other a change of nature. The first is baptismal, the second moral, though both are spiritual in so far as both are wrought by the Holy Ghost. The first or baptismal regeneration is a new birth, since it con- stitutes us sons of God, as the Jews were made his peculiar people by that covenant, the seal of which was circumcision. The second is a new birth, or creation in a higher sense, being a gradual sanctifying change wrought in the whole moral char- acter by the Holy Ghost, and not necessarily connected with baptism. 5. What view of regeneration is held by those in America ivho maintain the '■'■ Exercise Scheme\"? These theologians deny the existence in the soul of any per- manent moral habits or dispositions, and admit the existence only of the soul or agent and his acts or \"exercises.\" In the natural man the series of acts are wholly depraved. In the re- generated man a new series of holy acts are created by the Holv Ghost, and continued by his power. — Emmons, Sermon LXiV., on the \" New Birth.\" 6. What is the New Haven vieiv, advocated by Dr. N. W. Taylor, on this subject ? Dr. Taylor agreed with the advocates of the \"Exercise Scheme,\" that there is nothing in the soul but the agent and his actions; but he differed from them by holding that man and not God is the independent author of human actions. He held that when God and the world is held up before the mind, regeneration consists in an act of the sinner in choosing God as his chief good, thus confounding regeneration and conver- sion. The Holy Spirit, in some unknown way, assists in re- straining the active operation of the natural, selfish principle which prefers the world as its chief good. \"A mind thus de- tached from the world as its supreme good instantly chooses 458 REGENERATION. God for its portion, under the impulse of that inherent desire for happiness, without which no object could ever be regarded as good.^ as either desirable or lovely.\" This original motive to that choice of God which is regeneration is merely natural, and neither morally good nor bad. Thus — 1st. Kegeneration is man's own act. 2d. The Holy Spirit helps man, (1) by sus- pending the controlling power of his sinful, selfish disposition ; (2) by presenting to his mind in the clear light of truth the superiority of God as an object of choice. 3d. Then the sinner chooses God as his chief good under the conviction of his un- derstanding, and from a motive of natural, though not sinful, self-love, which is to be distinguished from selfishness, which is of the essence of sin. — See \" Christian Spectator,\" December, 1829, pp. 693, 694, etc.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "154", "sort_key": 154, "group": "Chapter XXIX", "question": "What  is  the  common  doctrine  Jield  by  evangelical  Christians  ?", "answer": "1st. That there are in the soul, besides its several faculties, habits, or dispositions, of which some are innate and others are acquired, which lay the foundation for the soul's exercising its faculties in some particular way. Thus we intuitively judge a man's moral disposition to be permanently evil when we see him habitually acting sinfully, or to be permanently good when we see him habitually acting righteously. 2d. These dispositions are anterior to moral action, and de- termine its character as good or evil. 3d. In creation God made the disposition of Adam's heart holy. 4th. In the new creation God recreates the governing dis- position of the regenerated man's heart holy. It is, therefore, properly called a \" regeneration,\" a \" new creation,\" a \"new birth.\" 8. Whe7i it is said that regeneration consists in giving a new heart, or in implanting a new ^principle or disposition., ivhat is meant by the terms '•'■hearty' ^^ princijJile\" or ^^disposition\" ? President Edwards says, \" By a principle of nature in this place, I mean that foundation which is laid in nature, either old or new, for any particular kind or manner of exercise of the faculties of the soul. So this new ' spiritual sense ' is not a new faculty of luiderstanding, but it is a new foundation laid in the natiu-e of the soul for a new kind of exercise of the same faculty of ui]de,rstanding. So that new holy disposition of heart that atteiuls this new sense is not a new faculty of will, but a foundation laid in the nature of the soul for a new kind of exercise of the same faculty of will.\" — Edwards on \" Keligious Affections, \" Pt. III., sec. 1. IT INVOLVES NO PHYSICAL CHANGE. 459 The term \"heart,\" signifying that prevailing moral dispo- sition that determines tlie volitions and actions, is the phrase most commonly used in Scripture. — Matt. xii. 33, 35; xv. 19; Luke vi. 43, 45. 9. Sow may it he shoivn that this vieiu of regeneration does not represent it as involving any change in the essence of the soul? This charge is brought against the orthodox doctrine by all those who deny that there is any thing in the soul but its con- stitutional faculties and their exercises. They hence argue that if any thing be changed except the mere exercises of the soul, its fundamental constitution would be physically altered. In opposition to this, we argue that we have precisely the same evidence for the existence of a permanent moral quality or disposition inherent in the will, as the reason why a good man acts habitually righteously, or a bad man viciously, that we have for the existence of the invisible soul itself, or of any of its faculties, as the reason why a man acts at all, or why his actions are such as thought, emotion, volition. It is not possible for us to conceive of the choice being produced in us by the Holy Spirit in more than three ways: \"■First, by his direct agencj'- in producing the choice, in which case it would be no act of ours. Second, by addressing such motives to our constitutional and natural principles of self-love as would in- duce us to make the choice, in which case there would be no morality in the act. Or, thirdly, by producing such a relish for the divine character, that the soul as spontaneously and immediately rejoices in God as its portion as it rejoices in the perception of beauty.\" \" If our ^Nlaker can endow us, not only with the general sus- ceptibility of love, but also with a specific disposition to love our children; if he can give us a discernment and susceptibility of natural beauty, he may give us a taste for spiritual loveliness. And if that taste, by reason of sin, is vitiated and perverted, he may restore it by means of his spirit in regeneration.\" — Hodge's Essaj^s. 10. In lohat seme may the soul he said to he passive in regen- eration ? Dr. Taylor maintains that regeneration is that act of the soul in which man chooses God as his portion. Thus, the man himself, and not God, is the agent. But the Christian church, on the contrary, holds that in regeneration the Holy Ghost is the agent, and man the subject. The act of the Holy Spirit, in implanting a new principle, does not interfere with the essential activity of the soul itself, but 460 REGENERATION. simply gives to that activity a new direction, for the sonl, though active, is nevertheless capable of being acted upon. And although the soul is necessarily active at the very time it is regenerated, yet it is rightly said to be passive with respect to that act of the Holy Spirit whereby it is regenerated. 1st. The soul, under the conviction of the Holy Ghost, and in the exercise of merely natural feelings, regards some aspect of saving truth, and strives to embrace it. 2d. The Holy Ghost, by an exertion of creative power, changes the governing dispo- sition of tlie heart in a manner inscrutable, and by an influence not apprehended by the consciousness of the subject. 3d. Simul- taneously the soul exercises new affections and experimentally embraces the truth. 11. What is the difference between regeneration and conversion ? The term conversion is often used in a wide sense as includ- ing both the change of nature and the exercise of that nature as changed. When distinguished from regeneration, however, conversion signifies the first exercise of the new disposition implanted in regeneration, i. e., in freely turning unto God. Regeneration is God's act; conversion is ours. Regenera- tion is the implantation of a gracious principle ; conversion is the exercise of that principle. Regeneration is never a matter of direct consciousness to the subject of it; conversion always is such to the agent of it. Regeneration is a single act, com- plete in itself, and never repeated ; conversion, as the beginning of holy living, is the commencement of a series, constant, end- less, and progressive. \" Draw me, and I will run after thee.\" Cant. i. 4. This distinction is signalized by the divines of the seventeenth century (Turretin, L. 15, Ques. 4, § V6) by the phrases '■'• conversio habitualis seu passiva\" i. e., the infusion of a gracious habit of soul by God, m respect to which the subject is passive; and \"■conversio actualis seu acfiva,'^ i. e., the consequent acts of faith and repentance elicited by co-operative grace and acted by the subject. 12. Hoiu can it he proved that there is any such thing as that commonly called regeneration ? 1st. By those Scriptures that declare such a change to be necessary. — John iii. 3; 2 Cor. v. 17; Gal. vi. 15. 2(1. By those passages which describe the change. — Eph. ii. 5; iv. *24; James i. 18; 1 Pet. i. 23. 3d. From the fact that it was necessary for the most moral as well as for the most profligate. — 1 Cor. xv. 10; Gal. i. 13-16. 4th. That this inward change is not a mere reformation is SUPERNATURAL ILLUMINATION. 461 proved by its being referred to the Holy Spirit. — Eph. i. 19, 20 ; Titus iii. 5. 5th. From the comparison of man's state in grace with his state by nature. — Rom. vi. 13; viii. 6-10; Eph. v. 8. 6th. From the experience of all Christians, and from the testimony of their Jives.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "155", "sort_key": 155, "group": "Chapter XXIX", "question": "What  is  the  nature  of  supernatural  illumination  ?", "answer": "The soul of man is a unit. A radically defective or per- verted condition of any faculty will injuriously affect the exer- cise of all the other iaculties. The essence of sin consists in the perverted moral dispositions and affections of the will. But a perverted condition of these affections must affect the exer- cises of the intellect, concerning all moral objects, as much as the volitions themselves. We can not love or desire any object unless we perceive its loveliness, neither can we intellectually perceive its loveliness unless its qualities are congenial to our inherent taste or dispositions. Sin, therefore, is essentially deceitful, and man as a sinner is spiritually blind. This does not consist in any physical defect. He possesses all the facul- ties requisite to enable him to see the beauty, and to experi- ence the power of the truth, but his whole nature is morally perverted through his evil dispositions. As soon as these are changed he will see, and, seeing, love and obey the truth, although no constitutional change is wrought in his nature, i. €., no new faculty given, but only his perverted faculties morally rectified. This illumination is called supernatural, 1st, because, having been lost, it can be restored only by the immediate power of God. 2d. In contradistinction to the maimed condition of man's present depraved nature. It, how- ever, conveys no new truths to the mind, nor does it relieve the Christian, in any degree, from the diligent and prayerful study of the Word, nor does it lead to any fanciful interpreta- tions of Scripture foreign to the plain sense of the letter; it only leads to the perception and appreciation of the native spiritual beauty and power of the inspired word, and the truths therein revealed. 14. Hoiv may it be jyroved that believers are the subjects of such iUumination ? 1st. It is necessary. — 1 Cor. ii. 14; 2 Cor. iii. 14; iv. 3; John xvi. 3. From the constitution of our nature we must apprehend an object as lovely before we can love it for its own sake. 2d. The Scriptures expressly affirm it. \" To know God is eternal life.\"— John xvii. 3; 1 Cor. ii. 12, 13; 2 Cor. iv. 6; Eph. 462 RE GENERA TION. i. 18; Phil, i 9; Col. iii. 10; 1 John iv. 7; v. 20; Ps. xix. 7, 8; xliii. 3, 4. As the soitI is a unit, a change in its radical moral disposi- tions must simultaneously modify the exercise of all its facul- ties in relation to moral and spiritual objects. The soul can not love that the loveliness of which it does not perceive, neither can it perceive the loveliness of an object which is totally un- congenial to its own nature. The first effect of regeneration, or a radical change of moral disposition, in the order of nature, therefore, is to open the eyes of our understandings to the excellency of divine truth, and the second effect is the going forth of the renewed affections toward that excellency so per- ceived. This is what Pres. Edwards (\" Religious Affections,\" Pt. III., sec. 4) calls \"-tlie sense of the heart.\" 15. What is the nature of that conviction of sin lohich is the attendant of regeneration ? Spiritual illumination immediately leads to the perception of the righteousness, goodness, and exceeding breadth and exactness of God's law, and by contrast of the exceeding sin- fulness of sin in the abstract, Rom. vii. 7, 13; and above all of his own sin — thus revealing, in contrast to the divine purity and righteousness, the pollution of his own heart, his total ill- desert, and his entire helplessness in all his relations to God. Job xlii. 5, 6. This is a practical experimental knowledge, — produced by the wrestling sXeyxo'^, of the Holy Ghost (John xvi. 8) — of guilt, of pollution, and of helplessness. 16. What is the nature of that conviction of sin tvhich often occurs before or ivithout regeneration, and hoiv may it be distin- guished from tJie genuine ? Natural conscience is an essential and indestructible element of human nature, including a sense of right and wrong, and pain- ful emotions associated with a sense of the latter. Although this faculty may be for a time perverted, and the sensibihty associated with it hardened, yet it may be, and often is, in the case of the unregenerate, quickened to a painful activity, lead- ing to a sense of ill-desert, pollution, helplessness, and danger. In eternity this will constitute a large measure of the suffer- ings of the lost. On the other hand, that conviction of sin which is peculiar to the regenerate is distinguished by being accompanied by a sense of the positive beauty of holiness, and an earnest desire to escape not merely the pangs of remorse, but chiefly the pollution and the dominion of sin. ITS ABSOLUTE NECESSITY. 463 17. What is the nature of those new affections ivhicJi flow from tJie renewal of the heart, and how are they distinguished from tli£, exercises of unreneived men ? Spiritual illumination gives the perception of that loveliness which the renewed affections of the heart embrace and delight in. These are spiritual because they are formed in us, and preserved in healthy exercise by the Spirit of God. They are holy because their objects are holy, and because they delight in their objects as holy. The affections of unrenewed men, on the other hand, however pure or even religious they may be, are merely natural in their source, and attach merely to natural objects. They may be grateful to God for his benefits, but they never love him simply for the perfections of his own nature. 18. What is the nature of that neio obedience which results from regeneration, and hoio does it differ from mere morality ? The perfect law is spiritual, and consequently requires per- fect conformity of being as well as of action ; the central and governing principles of life must be in harmony with it. The regenerate man, therefore, thinks, and feels, and wills, and acts in conformity w-ith the spirit of the whole word of God as far as revealed to him, because it is God's word, from a motive of love to God, and with an eye single to his glory. The sancti- fied affections are the spring, the heart-searching laAv the rule, and the glory of God the end, and the Holy Ghost the co- worker in every act of Christian obedience. Morality, on the other hand, has its spring in the merely natural affections; it aims only at the conformity of the outward actions to the letter of the law, while self, in some form of self- righteousness, reputation, safety, or happiness, is the determin- ing end.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "156", "sort_key": 156, "group": "Chapter XXIX", "question": "Hoio  may  the  absolute  necessity  of  regeneration  he  proved  ?", "answer": "1st. The Scriptures assert it. — John iii. 3; Rom. viii. 6; Eph. ii. 10; iv. 21-24. 2d. It is proved from the nature of man as a sinner. — Rom. vii. 18; viii. 7-9; 1 Cor. ii. 14; Eph. ii. 1. 3d. From the nature of heaven. — Isa. xxxv. 8; iii. 1; IMatt. v. 8; xiii. 41; Heb. xii. 14; Rev. xxi. 27. The restoration of holiness is the grand end of the whole plan of salvation. — Eph. i. 4; V. 5, 26, 27. 20. Are infants susceptible of regeneration; and, if so, lohat is the nature of regeneration in them ? Infants, as well as adults, are rational and moral agents, 7-^ and by nature totally depraved. The difference is, that the '/ 464 REGENERA TION. faculties of infants are in the germ, while those of adults are developed. As regeneration is a change wrought by creative power in the inherent moral condition of the soul, infants may plainly be the subjects of it in precisely the same sense as adults ; in both cases the operation is miraculous, and therefore inscrutable. The fact is established by what the Scriptures teach of in- nate depravity, of infant salvation, of infant circumcision and baptism. — Luke i. 15; xviii. 15, 16; Acts ii. 39. See below. Chapter XLII. AUTHOEITATIVE STATEMENTS. Roman Doctetne. — ^^ Cone. Trent\" Sess. vi. Ch. 7. — \"Justification (Kegeneration) is not only a remission of sins, but also a renewal of the inner man through the voluntary reception of the gi'ace and gifts whereby a man born unjust becomes just, and from an enemy becomes a friend, that so he may be an heir according to the hojDe of eternal life. The causes of this justification are — the ^/^rr/ cause, the glory of God and of Christ, and eternal life; the efficient cause, the merciful God who gratu- itously washes and sanctifies, sealing and anointing mth the Holy Spirit of promise, who is the earnest of our inheritance; the meritorious cause, his own most beloved and only begotten Son, oiir Lord Jesus Christ, ■who, when we were enemies, did, on account of the great love where- with he loved us, merit justification for us by his most holy passion on the wood of the cross; and did for us, make satisfaction to God the Fa- ther; also the instrumental cause, the sacrament of baptism, which is the sacrament of faith, without which (faith) justification has never come to any one; and finally i\\\\e formal cause, is the righteousness of God, not that whereby he is himself righteous, but that whereby he makes us righteous, namely that with which we, being by him endowed, are re- newed in the spirit of our mind, and are not only reputed, but are truly called, and are righteous.\" Lutheran Doctrine. — \" Formtda Concordice\" (Hase), page 679. — \"For conversion is such a change of the man through the operation of the Holy Spirit in the understanding, will, and heart of man, that he is able (/. «., by the operation of the Holy Spirit) to embrace the offered grace. Jb. p. 681. — But the understanding and will of the man not as yet renewed are only the subject to be converted, because they are the understanding and will of a man spiritually dead, in whom the Holy Ghost works conversion and renewal ; in whicli work the man to be con- verted contributes nothing, but is acted upon, until he is regenerated. But afterwards in other good works enduring, he co-operates vnth the Holy Spirit, doing those things which are well pleasing to God, in that manner which has now been declared by us fully enough in this treatise. \" Reformed Doctrine and Remonstrant Doctrine. — See under Chap- ter XXVIII.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "157", "sort_key": 157, "group": "Chapter XXX", "question": "Hoio  may  faith  be  defined?", "answer": "Faith is a complex act of the soul, involving the concurrent action of the understanding and the will, and modified in dif- ferent instances of its exercise by the nature of its object, and of the evidence upon which it rests. The most general defini- tion, embracing all its modifications, affirms faith to be \"assent 30 466 FAITH. 1/ to truth upon the exhibition of the appropriate evidence. But ^ it is evident that its nature must vary with the nature of the truth beheved, and especially with the nature of the evidence upon which oin* assent is founded. Assent to a speculative or abstract truth is a speculative act ; assent to a moral truth is a moral act; assent to a promise made to ourselves is an act of trust. Our belief that the earth moves round its axis is a mere assent; our belief in the excellence of virtue is of the nature of a moral judgment; our belief in a promise is an act of trust.\" So likewise with respect to the evidence upon which our faith is founded. \"The same man may believe the same truth on different grounds. One may believe the Christian system sim- ply because others around him believe it, and he has been brought up to receive it without question ; this is the faith of credulity. Another may believe it on the ground of its external evidence, e. gr., of miracle, prophecy, history, its logical consist- ency as a system, or its plausibility as a theory in accounting for the phenomena of creation and providence. This is specu- lative taith. Another may believe, because the truths of the Bible recommend themselves to his reason and conscience, and accord with his inward experience. This faith is founded on moral evidence. There is another faith founded on the intrinsic excellence, beauty, and suitableness of the truth from a sense and love of its moral excellence. This is spiritual faith, which is the gift of God.\"—\" Way of Life.\" Religious faith is hdxef of the truth on the testimony of God. It includes, (1) Notiiia, knowledge; (2) Assensus, assent; (3) Fi- ducia, trust. 4. How far is faith an act of the understanding, and how far an act of the ivill ? The one indivisible soul knows and loves, desires and de- cides, and these several acts of the soul meet on the same object. The soul can neither love, desire, nor choose that which it does not know, nor can it know an object as true or good without some affection of will towards it. Assent to a purely speculative truth may be simply an act of understand- ing, but belief in a moral truth, in testimony, in promises, must be a complex act, embracing both the understanding and the will. The understanding apprehends the truth to be believed, and decides upon the validity of the evidence, but the disposi- tion to believe testimony, or moral evidence, has its foundation in the will. Actual trust in a promise is an act of the will, and not a simple judgment as to its trustworthiness. There is an exact relation between the moral judgment and the affections, and the will, as the seat of the moral affections, determines RELATION OF FAITH AND KNOWLEDGE. 467 the moral judgments. Therefore, as a man is responsible for his will, he is responsible for his faith. As far as faith includes an act of \" cognition \" it is, of course, purely an act of the imderstanding. But as far as it includes \"Assent\" and \"Trust,\" it involves also the spontaneous and active powers of the soul, that is, \" the will,\" and in its higher exercise it often involves deliberate volition itself", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "158", "sort_key": 158, "group": "Chapter XXX", "question": "What  is  tJie  difference  hehveen  knowledge  and  faith  ?", "answer": "Generall}'', knowledge is the apprehension of an object as true, and faith is an assent to its truth. It is obvious, there- fore, that in this general sense of the term every exercise of faith includes the knowledge of the object assented to. It is impossible to distinguish between the apprehension of the truthfulness of a purely speculative truth and an assent to it as true. In such a case faith and knowledge appear identical. But while the apprehension of the trustworthiness of a promise is knowledge, the actual reliance upon it is faith. The appre- hension of the moral truthfulness of an object is knowledge, the assent to it, as good and desirable, is faith. Sometimes the Scriptures use the word knowledge as equiv- alent to faith. — John x. 38 ; 1 John ii. 3. Generally, however, the Scriptures restrict the terra knowl- edge to the apprehension of those ideas which we derive through the natural sources of sensation and reason and human testi- mony, while the term faith is restricted to the assent to those truths which rest upon the direct testimony of God alone, object- ively revealed in the Scriptures, as discerned through spiritual illumination. Thus, faith is the \" evidence of things not seen.\" Heb. xi. 1. We are commanded \" to walk by faith, and not by sight.\" — 2 Cor. v. 7. Here the distinction between faith and knowledge has reference particularly to the mode of know- 1 ing. The one is natural and discursive, the other supernatural and intuitive. \"\" 6. What distinction do the Romanists make heticeen implicit and explicit faith ? Romanists and Protestants agree that it is not essential to faith that its object should be comprehended by the understand- ing. But, on the other hand, Protestants affirm, and Eoman- ists deny, that it is essential that the object believed should be apprehended by the mind; that is, that knowledge of what we believe is essential to faith. The Romanists, therefore, liave invented the distinction between explicit faith, Avliich termi- nates upon an object distinctly apprehended by the mind, and implicit faith, which a man exercises in the truth of proposi- 468 FAITH. tions of which he knows nothing. They hold that if a man exercises expHcit faith in a general proposition, he therein ex- ercises implicit faith in every thing embraced in it, whether he knows what they are or not. If a man, for instance, has explicit faith that the chin-ch is an infallible teacher, he thereby exercises virtual or implicit faith in every doctrine taught by the church, although he may be ignorant as to what those doc- trines are. They distinguish, moreover, between those truths which -it is necessary to regard with explicit faitli, and those which may be held implicitly. They commonly teach that it is necessary for the people to hold only three doctrines expli- citly, 1st, that God is; 2d, that he is a rewarder, including future rewards and punishments ; 3d, that he is a redeemer. \" This doctrine has been recently revived by the Puseyites, under the title of reserve. The distinguisliing truths of the gospel, instead of being clearly presented, should, it is said, be concealed or kept in reserve. The people may gaze upon the cross as the symbol of redemption, but need not know whether it is the form, or the material, or the great sacrifice once enacted on it, to which the efficacy is due. ' Religious light is intellectual darkness,' says Dr. Newman. This theory rests upon the same false assumption that faith can exist with- out knowledge.\" — Dr. Hodge. 7. What is the difference heticeen hioicing and understanding a thing, and how far is knoioledge essential to faith ? We know a thing when we simply apprehend it as true. We understand it only when we fully comprehend its nature, and the perfect consistency of all its properties with each other and with the entire system of things of which it forms a part. We know the doctrine of the trinity when its several parts are stated to us, but no creature can ever understand it. That knowledge, or simple apprehension of the object be- lieved and confided in, is essential to faith, is evident from the nature of faith itself It is that state of mind which bears the relation of assent to a certain object, involving that action of understanding and of will which is appropriate to that object. If a man loves, fears, or believes, he must love, fear, or believe some object, for it is evident that these states of mind can exist only in relation to their appropriate objects. If a real object is not present the imagination may present an ideal one, but that very fiction of the imagination must first be apprehended as true (or known) before it can be assented to as true (or be- lieved). Just as it is impossible for a man to enjoy beaiity with- out perceiving it in some object of the mind, or to exercise complacent love in a virtuous act without perceiving it, so it KNOWLEDGE ESSENTIAL TO FAITH. 469 is, for the same reason, impossible for a man to exercise faith without knowing what he beHeves. \" Imphcit faith\" is a per- fectly unmeaning formula. /^ 8. How can the fact that knowledge is essential to faith he proved from Scrijjture ? 1st. From the etymology of the word Tti6rii, from TcsiQco, to persuade, instruct. Faith is that state of mind which is the result of teaching. 2d. From the use of the word knowledge in Scripture as equivalent to faith. — John x. 38 ; 1 John ii. 3. 3d. From what the Bible teaches as to the source of faith. It comes by teaching. — Eom. x. 14-17. 4th. The Scriptures de- clare that the regenerate are enlightened, have received the unction, and know all things. — Acts xxvi. 18; 1 Cor. ii. 12-15; Col. iii. 10. 5th. The means of salvation consist in the dissem- ination of the truth. Christ is the great teacher. Ministers are teachers. — 1 Cor. iv. 1 ; 1 Tim. iii. 2 ; iv. 13. Christians are begotten by the truth, sanctified by the truth. — John xvii. 19 ; James i. 18. Dr. Hodge. 9. How are those passages to he explained tvhich speak of knowl- edge as distinguished from faith ? Although every act of faith presupposes an act of knowl- edge, yet both the faith and the knowledge vary very much, both with the nature of the object known and believed, and with the manner in which the knowledge is received, and with the evidence upon which the faith rests. The faith which the Scriptures distinguish from knowledge is the strong persuasion of things not seen. It is the conviction of the truth of things which do not fall within the compass of our own observation which may entirely transcend the powers of our understand- ing, and which rest upon the simple testimony of God. This testimony faith relies upon in spite of whatever to human rea- son appears inconsistent or impossible. Knowledge though essential to faith may be distinguished from it — 1st. As faith includes also an act of the will assent- ing, in addition to the act of the understanding apprehending. 2d. As knowledge derived through a natural is distinguished from knowledge derived through a divine source. 3d. As pres- ent imperfect apprehension of divine things (;'. e., faith) differs from that perfect knowledge of divine things we shall have in heaven. — 1 Cor. xiii. 12. 10. If faith necessarily includes knoidedge, hoiv can men he com- manded to helieve? 1st. No man is ever commanded to believe that which is 470 FAITH. not revealed to him, either in the light of nature or by the inspired word. 2d. No man is ever commanded to believe a purely speculative truth. The truths of religion rest on the testimony of God. They are enforced by moral evidence, and faith in them involves a moral and spiritual knowledge of them, and delight in tliem. jMoral evidence can be appreciated only by a mind possessed of moral sensibility. And such moral in- sensibility as leads to blindness to the distinction between right and wrong is itself a very aggravated state of depravity. The Scriptures, therefore, luminous with their own self- evidencing light, present the truth to all to whom they come, and demand its instant reception upon the testimony of God. If that evidence is not felt to be conclusive by any one, it must be because of the sinful blindness of his mind. Therefore Christ says, \"ye loiU not come unto me that ye may have life.\" And unbelief is uniformly charged to the \" evil heart.\" 11. Wliat are the iiUimate grounds of that assent to the truth which is of the essence of faith ? I, In general, the ultimate ground upon which our assent to the truth of any object of knowledge rests is the veracity of God. The testimony of our senses, the integrity of our con- sciences, the intuitions of our reasons, all rest upon his vera- city as Creator. Practically the mind is moved to this assent through our universal and instinctive confidence in the con- stitution of our own natures. \"^ Keligious faith rests, l^t, upon the faithfulness of God as pledged in his supernatural revelation, John iii. 33 ; 2d^ upon the evidence of spiritual illumination, personal experience of the power of the truth, and the witness of the Holy Ghost, the Sanctifier, and thus \"not in the wisdom of man, but in the power of God.\" — 1 Cor. ii. 5-12, 12. What are the two hinds of evidence hy which ive hnoiv that God has revealed certain truths as objects of faith ? 1st. The evidence which resides in the truth itself IMoral, spiritual, experimental, rational. — John vi. 63; xiv. 17, 26; Jer. xxiii. 29. 2d. The accrediting evidence of the presence and power of God accompanying the promulgation of the truth, and proving that it is from him. Tliese are miracles, provi- dential dispensations, the fulfilment of prophecy, etc. — John v, 36; Heb. ii. 4. 13. Hoio can it he shoivn that the authority of the Church is not a ground of faith ? See above, Chapter V., Question 18, DISTINCTION BETWEEN HISTORICAL AND SA VING FAITH. 471 14. Wliat is the nature of historical f ait] i, and iqjon ivhat evi- dence does it rest? That mode of purely rational faith called historical is that apprehension of and assent to the truth which regards it in its purely rational aspects as mere facts of history, or as mere parts of a logical system of opinion. Its appropriate evidence is purely rational, e. (/., the solution aiForded by the Scriptures of the facts of history and experience, and the evidence of his- tory, prophecy, miracles, etc. 15. What is the nature of temporary faith, and of the evidence upon which it is founded? Temporary faith is that state of mind often experienced in this world by impenitent hearers of the gospel, induced by the moral evidence of the truth, the common influences of the Holy Ghost, and the power of religious sympathy. Sometimes the excited imagination joyfully appropriates the promises of the gospel. — Matt. xiii. 20. Sometimes, like Felix, the man be- lieves and trembles. Oftentimes it is at first impossible to dis- tinguish this state of mind from genuine saving faith. But not springing from a divine work of recreation it has no root in the permanent principles of the heart. It is always, there- fore, 1st, inefficient, neither purifying the heart nor overcom- ing the world; 2d, temporary. 16. What is the specific evidenjce upon ivhich saving faith is founded ? This is the light let into the soul by the Holy Ghost in his work of spiritual illumination. Thus is the beauty, and excel- lence, and the suitableness of the truth to the practical wants of the subject apprehended. With this the witness of the Holy Ghost with and by the truth co-operates. — 1 Cor. ii. 4, 5; Rom. viii. 16; 2 Cor. iv. 6; Eph. ii. 8. 17. Hoio may it he proved from Scripture and experience that spiritual illumination is the ground of saving faith ? 1st. The Scriptures, wherever they come, make a demand unconditional, immediate, and universal upon the most intelli- gent and the most ignorant alike, that they should be received and believed, and unbelief is always charged as sin, and not as mere ignorance or mental incapacity. The faith which tliey demand must, therefore, be a moral act, and must depend upon the spiritual congeniality of the believer with the truth. 2d. By nature men are spiritually blind, and subjects of an \"evil heart of unbelief.\" — 2 Cor. iii. 14; iv. 4. V. 472 FAITH. 3d. Believers are said to be enlightened, and to discern the things of the Spirit. — Acts xiii. 48; 2 Cor. iv. 6; Eph. i. 17, 18; 1 John ii. 20, 27 ; v. 9, 10. 4t]i. JMen believe because they are taught of God. — John vi. 44, 45. 5th. Every Christian is conscious of believing, because he sees the trutli believed to be true, lovely, powerful, and satis- fying. 6th. This is proved by the effects of faith. \"We are said to live by faith, to be sanctified by faith, to overcome by faith, to be saved by faith. Blind consent to authority, or rational con- viction, produce no such effects; if the effects are spiritual, the source must be also spiritual.\" 18. Wliat are the different opinions as to the relation hetiveen faith and trust ? In consequence of their doctrine of implicit faith, that noth- ing is required beyond blind assent to the teachings of the church, Eomanists necessarily deny that trust enters into the essence of saving faith. The Sandemanians, as the Campbellites, holding that faith is a mere affirmative judgment of the understanding passed upon the truth on the ground of evidence, also deny that trust is an element of saving faith. Some orthodox theologians have held that trust is rather to be regarded as an immediate and invariable consequent of sav- ing faith, than an element of that faith itself Religious faith, resulting from spiritual illumination, respects the entire word of God and his testimony, and, as such, is a complex state of mind, varying with the nature of the partic- ular portion of revealed truth regarded in any particular act. Many of tlie propositions of Scripture are not the proper objects of trust, and then the faith which embraces them is only a reverent and complacent assent to them as true and good. But the specific act of saving faith which unites to Christ, and is the commencement, root, and organ of our whole spiritual life, terminates upon Christ's person and work as Mediator, as presented in the offers and promises of the gospel. This assuredly includes trust in its very essence, and this is called \" saving faith \" by way of eminence, since it is the faith that saves, and since only tln-ough this as their principle, are any other more general exercises of saving faith possible. 19. Hoiv may the fad that saving faith indwies trust he proved from, the language of Scripttire ? The uniform and single condition of salvation presented in DOCTRINE PROVED. 473 the Scriptures is expressed in the words beheve in or on Christ, fiS or kni rov xfti^i^ov. — John vii. 38; Acts ix. 42; xvi. 31; Gal. ii. 16. To beheve in or on a person necessarily implies trust as well as credit. The same is abundantly proved by the usage with respect to the phrases \"by faith in or on Christ.\" — 2 Tim. iii. 15; Acts xxvi. 18; Gal. iii. 26; Heb. xi. 1. Faith is the substance of things hoped for, but the foundation of hope is trust. 20. Hoio may the same he proved from those expressions which are used in Scripture as equivalent to the phrase ^'■believing in Christ \" ? \"Receiving Christ.\" — John i. 12; Col. ii. 6. \"Looking to Christ.\" — Is. xlv, 22; compare Num. xxi. 9 with John iii. 14, 15. \" Flying to Christ for refuge.\" — Heb. vi. 18. \" Coming to Christ.\"— John vi. 35; Matt. xi. 28. \" Committing.\"— 2 Tim. i. 12. All these illustrate as well as designate the act of saving faith, and all equally imply trust as an essential element, for we can \"receive,\" or \"come to,\" or \"look to,\" Christ only in that character of a propitiation, an advocate and a deliverer, in which he offers himself to us. 21. How may the same he proved from the effects ivhich the Scriptures ascf'ibe to faith ? The Scriptures declare that by faith the Christian \"embraces the promises,\" \"is persuaded of the promises,\" \"out of weak- ness is made strong,\" \"waxes valiant in fight,\" \"confesses him- self a stranger and pilgrim seeking a better country.\" As faith in a threatening necessarily involves fear, so faith in a promise necessarily involves trust. Besides, faith rests upon the trustworthiness of God, and therefore necessarily involves trust. — Heb. x. 23, and the whole of the 11th chapter. 22. How may it he shoivn that this vieio of faith does not con- found faith and hope ? To our doctrine that saving faith involves trust, the Eo- manist objects that this confounds faith and hope, which the Scriptures distinguish (1 Cor. xiii. 13), since hope is only strong- trust. But hope is not merely strong trvist. Trust rests upon the grounds of assurance, while hope reaches forward to the object of which assurance is given. Trust is the foundation of hope. Hope is the fruit of trust. The more confiding the trust, the more assured the hope. 474 FAITH. 23. Wlmt are the different opinions as to the relation betiveen faith and love, and the Romish distindion betiveen \"fides inibrmis\" and \" fides formata \" ? 1st. The Romanists, in order to maintain their doctrine that faith alone is not saving, distinguisli between a formed, or per- fect, and an unformed faith. They acknowledge that faith is distinct from love, but maintain tliat love is essential to render faith meritorious and effectual as the instrument of our salva- tion. Fides iriformis is mere assent, explicit or implicit, to the teachings of the Church. It necessarily precedes \"justificatio\" as its condition. Fides formcda is the fruit of the first justifica- tion, and the condition of those good works which merit further grace. 2d. Some have regarded love as the root out of which faith springs. 3d. The true view is that love is the immediate and neces- sary effect of faith. Faith includes the spiritual apprehension of the beauty and excellence of the trutli, and an act of the will embracing it and relying upon it. Yet these graces can not be analytically separated, since they mutually involve one another. There can be no love without faith, nor any faith without love. Faith apprehends the loveliness of the object, the heart spontaneously loves it. Thus \"faith works by love,\" since these afl\"ections are the source of those motives that con- trol the will. The Romish doctrine is inconsistent with the essential prin- ciples of the gospel. Faith is not a work, nor can it have, when formed or unformed, any merit; it is essentially a self- emptying act, which saves by laying hold of the merits of Christ. It leads to works, and proves itself by its fruits, but in its relation to justification it is in its very nature a strong pro- test against the merits of all human works. — Gal. iii. 10, 11; Epli. i'i. 8, 9. The Protestant doctrine that love is the fruit of faith, is established by what the Scriptures declare concerning faith, tliat it \" sanctifies,\" \" works by love,\" \" overcomes the world.\" Gal. V. 6; Acts xxvi. 18; 1 John v. 4. This is accomplished thus — by faith we are united to Christ, Eph. iii. 17, and so become partakers of his Spirit, 1 John iii. 24, one of the fruits of the Spirit is love. Gal. v. 22, and love is the principle of all obedience. — Rom. xiii. 10.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "159", "sort_key": 159, "group": "Chapter XXX", "question": "What  is  the  object  of  saving  faith  ?", "answer": "The spiritual illumination of the understanding and renewal of the affections, which lays the foundation for the soul's acting MATTERS OF FAITH AND OPINION: 475 faith in any one portion of the testimony of God, lays the fonn- dation for its acting faith in all that testimony. The whole i:eyealadjy_9rcl_o.f God, then, as far as known to the individual, to the exclusion of all traditions, doctrines of men, and pre- tended private revelations, is the object of saving- faith. .That particular act of taith, however, which unites to Christ, called, \\)j way of distinction, justifying faith, has for its object the person and work of Christ as Mediator. — John vii. 38; x4cts XVI. 31. 25. What is meant hy an article of faith as distinguished from a matter of opinion ? The Romanists hold that every dogma decided by the church to be true, whether derived from Scripture or tradition, is, upon pain of damnation, to be believed by every Christian as an article of faith, if known to him by an explicit, if not known by an implicit faith. On the other hand, with respect to all subjects not decided by the church, every man is left free to believe or not as a matter of opinion. 26. What is the Anglican or PuseijUe criterion for distinguish- ing those doctrines which must be hnoivn and believed in order to salvation ? They agree with the Romanists (see above, Question 6) that knowledge is not essential to faith. As to the rule of faith, however, they differ. The Romanist makes that rule the teach- ing of the Papal Church. The Puseyites, on the other hand, make it the uniform testimony of tradition running in the line of the succession of apostolic bishops. 27. What is tJie common Protestant doctrine as to fundamen- tals in religion, and by ivhat evidence can such fundamentals be ascertained ? Every doctrine taught in the Bible is the object of an en- lightened spiritual faith. No revealed principle, however com- paratively subordinate, can be regarded as indifferent, to be adopted or rejected at will. Every man is bound to credit the whole testimony of God. Yet the gospel is a logically con- sistent system of truth, some of whose principles are essential to its integrity, while others are essential only to its symmetry and perfection ; and ignorance, feebleness of logical comprehen- sion, and prejudice may, and constantly do, lead good men to apprehend this system of truth imperfectly. A fundamental doctrine, then, is either one which every soul must apprehend more or less clearly in order to be saved, or one which, when known, is so clearly involved with those 476 FAITH. the knowledge and belief of which is essential to salvation, that the one can not be rejected while the other is really believed. A fundamental doctrine is ascertained — 1st. In the same way that the essential principles of any other system are deter- mined, by their bearing upon the system as a whole. 2d. Every fundamental doctrine is clearly revealed. 3d. These doctrines are in Scripture itself declared to be essential. — John iii. 18; Acts xvi. 31; 2 Cor. v. 17; Gal. ii. 21; 1 John i. 8. 28. What is the ohject o/\" fides specialis,\" or that specific act of faith ivhereby we are justified? The person and work of the Lord Jesus Christ as ^Mediator. This is proved — 1st. The Scriptures expressly declare that we are justified by that faith of which Christ is the object. — Rom. iii. 22, 25; Gal. ii. KJ; Phil. iii. 9. 2d. We are said to be saved by faith in Christ. — John iii. 16, 36; Acts X. 43; xvi. 31. 3d. Justifying faith is designated as a \"looking to Christ,\" a \"coming to Christ,\" etc. — John i. 12; vi. 35, 37; Isa. xlv. 22. 4th. Pi ejection of Christ; a refusal to submit to the right- eousness of God is declared to be the ground of reprobation. John viii. 24; iii. 18, 19. 29. Hoiv is the Romish doctrine on this point opposed to the Protestant ? The Romanists, confounding justification and sanctification, hold that faith justifies through the sanctifying power of the truth. As all revealed truth has this sanctifying virtue, it fol- lows that the whole revelation of God as ascertained by the decisions of the church, is the object of justifying faith. This is refuted by all we have established from Scripture concerning justification, sanctification, and faith. 30. Is Christ in all his offices, or only as priest, the immediate ohject of justifying faith ? In this act the believer appropriates and rests upon Christ as Mediator, which includes at once all his functions as such. These may be analytically distinguislied, but in fact they are always inseparably united in him. When he acts as prophet he teaches as king and priest. When he reigns he sits as prophet and priest upon his throne. Besides this, his prophet- ical and kingly work are consciously needed by the awakened soul, and are necessarily apprehended as inseparable from his priestly work in the one act of faith. RELATION OF FAITH AND ASSURANCE. 477 It is true, however, that as the substitutionary work Avhich Christ accomphshed as priest is the meritorious ground of our salvation, so his priestly character is made the more prominent, both in the teachings of Scripture and in the experience of his people. 31. How far is 'peace, of conscience and peace luitli God a neces- sary consequence of faith ? Peace with God is reconciliation with him. Peace of con- science may either mean consciousness of that reconciliation, or the appeasement of our own consciences which condemn us. Faith in every instance secures our peace with God, since it unites us to Christ, Rom. v. 1 ; and in the proportion in which faith in the merits of Christ is clear and constant will be our consciousness of reconciliation with God, and the satisfaction of our own moral sense that righteousness is fulfilled, while we are forgiven. Yet as faith may be obscured by sin, so the true believer may temporarily fall under his Father's displeasure, and lose his sense of forgiveness and his moral satisfaction in the perfection of the atonement. 32. What are tlie three vieios entertained as to the relation he- V tween faith and assurance ? 1st. The Reformers generally maintained that justifying faith consisted in appropriating the promise of salvation through Christ made in the gospel, i. e., in regarding God as propitious to us for Christ's sake. Thus the very act of faith involves-- ■ assurance. 2d. Some have held that assurance in this life is unattain- able. The Romanists, holding that Christian faith is chiefly implicit assent and obedient conformity to the teachings of an infallible, visible society, called the Church, strenuously denied that private individuals have any Scriptural authority to enter- tain an assured persuasion that they are specially objects of divine favor. They were accustomed to assert that it is neither \"obligatory,\" nor \"possible,\" nor \"desirable\" that any one should attain such^^assurance without a special supernatural revelation. See Bellarmin, etc., quoted below. 3d. The true view is that \" although this infallible assurance does not belong to the essence of faith, but that a true believer may wait long and conflict with many difliculties before he partake of it, yet being enabled by the Spirit to know the things which are freely given him by God, he may, witliout extraordinary revelation, in the right use of ordinary means attain thereunto. And, therefore, it is the duty of each one to give diligence to make his calling and election sure.\" It is 478 FAITH. agreed by all that a true faith can not admit of any doubt as to its object. What is believed is assuredly believed. But the object of saving faith is Christ and his work as JNIediator guar- anteed to us in the promises of the gospel on the condition of faith. True faith does, therefore, essentially include the assur- ance— 1st. That Christ is able to save us. 2d. That he is faith- ful and will save us if loe helieve. It is meant that this is of the essence of faith, not that every true believer always enjoys a state of mind which excludes all doubt as to Christ's power or love; because the spiritual illumination upon which faith rests is often imperfect in degree and variable in exercise. Faith may be weak, or it may be limited by doubt, or it may alternate with doubt. Yet all such doubt is of sin, and is alien to the essential nature of faith. But the condition, if ive believe, upon which all assurance of our own salvation is suspended, is a matter not of revelation, but of experience, not of faith, but of consciousness. Theologians have, therefore, made a distinction between the assurance of faith, Heb. x. 22, and the assurance of hope, Heb. vi. 11. The first is of the essence of saving faith, and is the assurance that Christ is all that he professes to be, and will do all that he promises. The second is the assurance of our own personal salvation, is a fruit of faith, and one of the higher attainments of the Christian life. 33. Hoio may it he proved that assurance of our oivn personal salvation is not essential to saving faith? 1st. From the true object of saving faith as given above. 2d. From the examples given in the Scriptures of eminent saints who doubted with regard to themselves. — 1 Cor. ix. 27. 3d. from the exhortations addressed to those who were already believers to attain to assurance as a degree of faith beyond that which they already enjoyed. 4th. From the experience of God's people in all ages. 34. Hoio may it he proved that assurance is attainable in this life? 1st. This is directly asserted. — Kom. viii. 16; 2 Pet. i. 10; 1 John ii. 3; iii. 14; v. 13. 2d. Scriptural examples are given of its attainment. — 2 Tim. i. 12; iv. 7, 8. 3d. JNIany eminent Christians have enjoyed an abiding assurance, of the genuine- ness of which their holy walk and conversation Avas an indubi- table seal.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "160", "sort_key": 160, "group": "Chapter XXX", "question": "On  what  grounds  may  a  man  he  assured  of  his  salvation?", "answer": "\"It is an infallible assurance of faith, founded, 1st, upon the FAITH PRODUCES GOOD WORKS. 479 divine truth of the promises of salvation ; 2d, the inward evi- dence of those graces unto Avhicli those promises are made, and, 3d, the testimony of the spirit of adoption, Eom. viii. 15, 16, witnessing with our spirits that we are the children of God. Which Spirit, Eph. i. 13, 14; 2 Cor. i. 21, 22, is the earnest of our inheritance whereby we are sealed to the day of redemp- tion.\"— \"Con. of Faith,\" Chap, xviii. This genuine assurance may be distinguished fi'om that presumptuous confidence which is a delusion of Satan, chiefly by these marks. True assurance, 1st, begets unfeigned hu- mility, 1 Cor. XV. 10; Gal. vi. 14; 2d, leads to ever-increasing diligence in practical religion, Ps. li. 12, 13, 19; 3d, to candid self-examination, and a desire to be searched and corrected by God, Ps. cxxxix. 23, 24 ; 4th, to constant aspirations after nearer conformity, and more intimate communion with God. — 1 John iii. 2, 3. 36. How may it he slioivn that a living faith necessarily leads to good ivorks ? 1st. From the nature of faith. It is the spiritual apprehen- sion and the voluntary embrace of the whole truth of God, — the promises, the commands, the threatenings of the Scripture, — viewed as true and as good. This faith occasions, of course, the exercise of the renewed affections, and love acted out is obedience. Each separate truth thus apprehended produces its appropriate effect upon the heart, and consequently upon the life. 2d. The testimony of Scripture. — Acts xv. 9 ; xxvi. 18 ; Gal. V. 6 ; James ii. 18 ; 1 John v. 4. 3d. The experience of the universal church. Attthoritative Statements. St. Augustine. — \"Quid est fides nisi credere quod non vides ? \" EoMiSH DocTEiNE. — \"Cat. Counc. Trent,\" i. 1. — 1. \"We here speak of that faith, by force of which we yield our entire assent to whatsoever has been divinely delivered, .... by virtue of which we hold that as fixed whatsoever the authority of our holy mother the church teaches us to have been delivered from God. \" Bellarmin, \"Ju.<iti/.,\" 1, 4. — \"(Catholics) teach that historic faith, both of miracles and of promises, is one and the same thing, and that this one thing is not properly a knowledge or assurance, but a certain and most fixed assent, on the authority of the ultimate verity. . . . The object of justifying faith, which heretics restrict to the single object of special (personal) mercy, Catholics wish to extend as broadly as the word of God extends; nay, they contend that the promise of special mercy belongs not so much to faith as to presumption. Hence they difl'er (from Protestants) as to the faculty and power of mind which is the seat of faith. Inasmuch as they (Protestants) locate faith in the will, they define it to 480 FAITH. be assurance [fiducia) (or trust), and so confound it with hope, for trust (or assurance) is nothing more than strong hope, as holy Thomas teaches. Cathohcs teach that faith has its seat in the intellect. Lastly (they dif- fer) as to the act itself of the intellect (in which faith consists). They (Protestants), indeed, define faith as a form of knowledge; we (Catholics) as assent. For we assent to God, although he proposes things to us to be beheved which we do not understand. Ch. 7. — In him, who believes, there are two things, apjDrehension, and judgment or assent. But ap- prehension is not faith, but something that precedes faith. Besides apprehension is not properly called knowledge. For it may happen that an unlearned Catholic may only very confusedly apprehend the three names (of the Trinity), and nevertheless may truly believe in them. But judgment or assent is twofold, the one follows reason and the evi- dence of a thing, the other follows the authority of the jaropounder; the first is called knowledge, the latter faith. Therefore the mysteries of faith, which transcend the reason, we believe but do not understand, so that faith is distinguished as opposite to science, and is better defined as ignorance than as knowledge. \" ^'Cans. Counc. Trent\" Sess. 6, ch. 9. — \"For even as no pious person ought to doubt of the mercy of God, of the merits of Christ, and of the virtue and efficacy of the sacraments, even so each one, when he regards himself and his own weakness and indisposition, may have fear and ap- prehension touching his own grace; seeing that no one can know with a certainty of faith, which can not be subject to error, that he has obtained the grace of God.\" Bellarmin, ^'Justif.\" 3, 3, says, \"The question in debate between Romanists and the Beformed was. Whether any one should or could, without a special revelation, be certain with the certainty of a divine faith, to which error can in no way pertain, that his sins are remitted ? \" The Pkot:estant Doctkine of Faith and Assurance. Calvin's \"Institutes,'' B. 3, ch. 2, | 7. — \"We shall have a complete definition of faith, if we say that it is a steady and certain knowledge of the divine benevolence towards us, which, being founded on the truth of the gratuitous promise in Christ, is both revealed to our minds and confirmed to our hearts by the Holy Spirit.\" \"Heidelberg Cat.,\" Ques. 21. — \"What is true faith ? It is not a mere knowledge, by which I firmly assent to all that God has revealed to us in his word, but it is also an assured confidence kindled in my heart by the Holy Ghost through the gospel, whereby I acquiesce in God, cer- tainly knowing, that nol to others only, but to me also, remission of sins, eternal righteousness and fife, is given gratuitously, of the mercy of God, on account of the merit of Christ alone.\" \"Apol. Aiir/b. Con/.,\" p. 68. — \"But that faith which justifies is not merely a knowledge of history; but it is assent to the promise of God in which is freely, for Christ's sake, offered the remission of sins and justi- fication. . . . This special faith, therefore, whereby each one beheves that his own sins are remitted to him for Christ's sake, and that God is reconciled and propitious through Christ, (is the faith that) attains remis- sion of sins, and (that) justifies.\" '^West. Con/. Faith,\" ch. 18, § 2. — \"This certainly is not a bare con- jectiiral and probable persuasion, grounded upon a fallible hope, but an infallible assurance of faith, founded on (a) the divine truth of the prom- ises, {/>) the inward evidence of those graces to which the promises are made, and (c) the testimony of the Holy Spirit .... ^ 3. — This infal- lible assurance doth not so belong to the essence of faith, but that a true AUTHORITATIVE STATEMENTS. 481 believer may wait long and conflict with many difiSculties before lie par- take thereof. . . Yet he may, without extraordinary revelation, in the right use of ordinary means attain thereto. And, therefore, it is the duty of every one to give all dihgence to make his calUng and election sure.\" Turretin, L. 15, Q. 10. — \"The diversity (of expression) which occurs between the orthodox has arisen from a different usage of the word fiducia (confidence), which may be taken in three senses : 1. For confi- dent assent, or persuasion, which arises from the practical judgment of the understanding, concerning the truth and goodness of the evangelical promises, and concerning the power, willingness, and faithfulness of God promising. In which sense 7ZEi6f.ioyTJ (persuasion). Gal. v. 8, is used syn- onymously with it, and nXripocpopia (full assurance) is attributed to faith, Col. ii. 2, and Heb. x. 22. 2. For the act of fleeing to, and of receiving Christ, by which the believer, the truth and goodness of the promises being known, flees to Christ, receives and embraces him, and reclines alone on his merits. 3. For confidence, satisfaction, and tranquillity of mind, which arise from the refuge of the mind to Christ and reception of him. For he who firmly reclines on Christ and embraces him, can not fail to acquiesce in him securely, and to consider himself to have found and to have received that which he sought. In the first and second sense confi- dence {fiducia) is of the essence of faith, is rightly said by theologians to be its form; because, as afterwards proved against the Papists, it is a con- fidential (trusting) apprehension of Christ and of all the benefits ofi'ered in the word of the gospel. But in the third sense it is by others rightly said not to be iYieform, but the fruit, of faith; because it is born from it, but does not constitute it. 4-", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "161", "sort_key": 161, "group": "Chapter XXXI", "question": "To  ivJiom  are  all  men  united  in  their  natural  estate  ?", "answer": "To Adam. Our union with him includes, 1st, his federal headship under the covenant of works. — Rom. v. 12-19. 2d. His natural headship, as per force of ordinary generation, the source of our nature, and of its moral corruptions. — Gen. v. 3 ; 1 Cor. XV. 49. But the law upon which rested the covenant of works, whereby we were held in union with Adam, having been slain by Christ, \"that being dead wherein we were held,\" we were \"married to another,\" that is, to Christ. — Rom. vii. 1-4.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "162", "sort_key": 162, "group": "Chapter XXXI", "question": "What  is  the  general  nature  of  out  union  with  Christ?", "answer": "It is a single, ineifable, and most intimate union, presenting to our view two different aspects, and giving rise to two dif- ferent classes of consequents. 1st. The first aspect of this union is its federal and repre- sentative character, whereby Christ, as the second Adam (1 Cor. XV. 22), assumes in the covenant of grace those broken obHgations of the covenant of works which the first Adam failed to discharge, and fulfils them all in behalf of all his \" sheep,\" \"they whom the Father has given him.\" The conse- quences which arise from our union with Christ under this aspect of it are such as the imputation of our sins to him, and of his righteousness to us, and all of the forensic benefits of justification and adoption, etc. — See Chaps. XXXI II., XXXIV. 2d. The second aspect of this union is its spiritual and vital character, the natvu'e and consequences of which it is our business to discuss under the present head.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "163", "sort_key": 163, "group": "Chapter XXXI", "question": "Whai  is  the  foundation  of  this  union?", "answer": "(1.) The eternal purpose of the triune God, expressed in the ITS ESSENTIAL NATURE. 483 decree of election (we were chosen hi him before the foun- dation of the world. — Eph. i. 4), providing for its own fulfil- ment in the covenant of grace between the Father as God absolute, and the Son as Mediator. — John xvii. 2-Q; Gal. ii. 20; (2) in the incarnation of the Son, whereby he assumed fellowship with us in community of nature, and became our brother. — Heb. ii. 16, 17; and (3) in the mission and official work of the Spirit of Christ (1 John iv. 13), through the powerful operation of whom in the bodies and souls of his people the last Adam is made a quickening spirit (1 Cor. xv. 45), and they are all constituted the body of Christ and members in particular. 1 Cor. xii. 27. 4. By ivhat analogies drawn from, earthly relations is this union of believers ivith Christ illustrated in Scripture ? The technical designation of this union in theological lan- guage is \"mystical,\" because it so far transcends all the anal- ogies of earthly relationships, in the intimacy of its communion, in the transforming power of its influence, and in the excellence of its consequences. Yet Holy Scripture illustrates different as- pects of this fountain of graces by many apt though partial analogies. As, 1st, foundation of a building and its superstructure. — 1 Pet. ii. 4, 6. 2d. Tree and its branches. — John xv. 5. 3d. Head and members of the body. — Eph. iv. 15, 16. 4th. Husband and wife. — Eph. V. 31, 32; Rev. xix. 7-9. 5th. Adam and his descendants, in both their federal and natural relations. — Rom. V. 12-19; 1 Cor. xv. 22, 49.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "164", "sort_key": 164, "group": "Chapter XXXI", "question": "What  is  the  essential  nature  of  this  union  ?", "answer": "On the one hand, this union does not involve any mysterious confusion of the person of Christ with the persons of his people ; and, on the other hand, it is not such a mere association of separate persons as exists in human societies. But it is a union which, 1st, determines our legal status on the same basis with his. 2d. Which revives and sustains, by the influence of his indwelling Spirit, our spiritual life, from the fountain of his life, and which transforms our bodies and souls into the like- ness of his glorified humanity. It is, therefore — 1st. A spiritual union. Its actuating source and bond is the Spirit of the head, Avho dwells and Avorks in the members. 1 Cor. vi. 17; xii. 13; 1 John iii. 24; iv. 13. 2d. A vital union, i. e., our spiritual life is sustained and determined in its nature and movement by the life of Christ, through the indwelling of his Spirit. — John xiv. 19; Gal. ii. 20. 484 UNION OF BELIEVERS WITH CHRIST. 3d. It embraces our entire persons, onr bodies through our spirits. — 1 Cor. vi. 15, 19. 4th. It is a legal or federal union, so that all of our legal or covenant responsibilities rest upon Christ, and all of his legal or covenant merits accrue to us. 5th. It is an indissoluble union. — John x. 28; Eom. viii. 35, 37 ; 1 Thess. iv. 14, 17. 6th. This union is between the believer and the person of the God-man in his office as Mediator. Its immediate organ is the Holy Spirit, who dwells in us, and through him we are virtually united to and commune with the whole Godhead, since he is the Spirit of the Father as well as of the Son. — John xiv. 23; xvii. 21, 23. 6. How is this union between Christ and the Christian estab- lished ? It was established in the purpose and decree of God, and in the Covenant of the Father with the Son from eternity. — Eph. i. 4; John xvii. 2, 6. Nevertheless, the elect, as to personal character and present relations, before their effectual calling by the Spirit, are born and continued \"by nature children of wrath even as others,\" and \" strangers to the covenants of promise.\" Eph. ii. 3, 12. In God's appointed time, with each individual of his chosen, this union is established mutually — 1st. By the commencement of the effectual and permanent workings of the Holy Spirit within them (they are quickened together with Christ) ; in the act of the new birth opening the eyes and renew- ing the will, and thus laying in their natures the foundation of the exercise of saving faith. 2d. Which faith is the second bond by which this mutual union is established, by the con- tinued actings of which their fellowship with Christ is sus- tained, and its blessed consequences developed. — Eph. iii. 17. Thus we \"come to him,\" \"receive him,\" \"eat of his flesh and drink of his blood,\" etc.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "165", "sort_key": 165, "group": "Chapter XXXI", "question": "What  are  the  consequences  of  this  union  to  the  believer  ?", "answer": "1st. They have a community with him in his covenant standing, and rights. Forensically they are rendered \"com- plete in him.\" His righteousness and his Father is theirs. They receive the adoption in him, and are accepted as to both their persons and services in the beloved. They are sealed by his Holy Spirit of promise; in him obtain an inheritance; sit with him on his throne and behold his glory. — Rom. viii. 1 ; Col. ii. 10; Eph. i. 6, 11, 13; Phil. iii. 8, 9. As Mediator, Jesus is \" the Christ,\" the anointed one, and the believer is the Christian, or receiver of \"the unction.\" — Acts THE COMMUNION OF SAINTS. 485 xi. 26; 1 John ii. 20. His mediatorial office embraces three principal functions — (1.) That of prophet, and in fellowship with him the believer is a prophet. — John xvi. 13; 1 John ii. 27. (2.) That of priest, and the believer also is a priest in him. Isa. Ixi. 6; 1 Pet. ii. 5; Rev. xx. 6. (3.) That of king, and in him the believer is a king. — 1 Pet. ii. 9; Rev. iii. 21; v. 10. 2d. The}'^ have fellowship with him in the transforming, assimilating power of his life, making them like him; every grace of Jesus reproducing itself in them; \"of his fulness we have all received, and grace for grace.\" This holds true, (1) with regard to our souls, Rom. viii. 9; Phil. ii. 5; 1 John iii. 2 ; (2) with regard to our bodies, causing them to be now the temples of the Holy Ghost, 1 Cor. vi. 17, 19; and his resur- rection to be the cause of ours, and his glorified body to be the type of ours. — Rom. vi. 5; 1 Cor. xv. 47, 49; Phil. iii. 21. And thus believers are made to bear fruit in Christ, both in their bodies and spirits, which are his. — John xv. 5; 2 Cor. xii. 9; 1 John i. 6. 3d. This leads to their fellowship with Christ in their expe- rience, in their labors, sufferings, temptations, and death. — Gal. vi. 17; Phil. iii. 10; Heb. xii. 3; 1 Pet. iv. 13. Thus rendering sacred and glorious even our earthly life. 4th. Also to Christ's rightful fellowship with them in all they possess. — Prov. xix. 17; Rom. xiv. 8; 1 Cor. vi. 19, 20. 5th. Also to the consequence that, in the spiritual reception of the holy sacraments, they do really hold fellowship with him. They are \" baptized into Christ.\" — Gal. iii. 27. \" The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ; the cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ,\" — 1 Cor. x. 16; xi. 26; John vi. 51-56. 6th. This leads. also to the fellowship of believers with one another through him, that is, to the communion of saints. 8. What is tJw nature of that \" communion of saints \" which springs from tJw union of each saint with the Lord? See \" Confession of Faith,\" Chapter xxvi. Believers being all united to one head are, of course, through him mutually related in the same community of spirit, life, status, and cove- nanted privileges with one another. This involves upon the part of all believers — Ist. Reciprocal obligations and offices according to the spe- cial grace vouchsafed to each. Like the several organs of the body all have part in the same genei-al life, yet each has his own individual difference of qualification, and consequently of 486 UNION OF BELIEVERS WITH CHRIST. duty; \"for the body is not one member but many.\" — 1 Cor. xii. 4-21; Eph. iv. 11-13. 2d. They have fellowsliip in each other's gifts and comple- mentary graces, each contributing his special loveliness to the beauty of the whole. — Eph. iv. 15, 16. ■ 3d. These reciprocal duties have respect to the bodies and temporal interests of the brethren, as well as to those which concern the soul. — Gal. ii. 10; 1 John iii. 16-18. 4th. They have fellowship in faith and doctrine. — Acts ii. 42 ; Gal. ii. 9. 5th. In mutual respect and subordination. — Eom. xii. 10; Eph. V. 21 ; Heb. xiii. 17. 6th. In mutual love and sympathy. — Rom. xii. 10; 1 Cor. xii. 26. 7th. This fellowship exists unbroken between believers on earth and in heaven. There is one \" whole family in heaven and on earth.\" — Eph. iii. 15. 8th. In glory this communion of saints shall be perfected, when there is \"one fold and one shepherd,\" when all saints shall be one as Father and Son are one. — John x. 16; xvii. 22.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "166", "sort_key": 166, "group": "Chapter XXXII", "question": "What  is  saving  repentance  ?", "answer": "See \"Con. Faith,\" Chap, xv.; \"Larger Cat,\" Q. 76; \"Shorter Cat.,\" Q. 87. It includes — 1st. A sense of personal guilt, pollution, and helplessness. 2d. An apprehension of the mercy of God in Christ. 3d. Grief and hatred of sin, a resolute turning from it unto God, and a persistent endeavor after a new life of holy obedience. 3. Prove that repentance is a grace or gift of God. 1st. This is evident from the nature of repentance itself It includes, (1) sense of the hatefulness of sin, (2) sense of the beauty of holiness, (3) apprehension of the mercy of God in Christ. It, therefore, presupposes faith, which is God's gift. Gal. V. 22; Eph. ii. 8. 2d. The Scriptures expressly affirm it. — Zech. xii. 10; Acts V. 31 ; xi. 18 ; 2 Tim. ii. 25. 4. What is the nature of that sense of sin ivhich is an essential element of repentance ? That spiritual illumination and renewal of the affections 488 REPENTAXCE— ROMISH DOCTRINE OF PENANCE. which is effected in regeneration, brings the believer to see and appreciate the hohness of God as revealed alike in the law and the gospel, Rom. iii. 20; Job xlii. 6, and in that light to see and feel also the exceeding sinfulness of all sin, and the utter sinfulness of his own nature just as it is in truth. This sense of sin, thus corresponding to the facts of the case, includes, 1st, consciousness of guilt, i. e., exposure to righteous punish- ment, as opposed to the justice of God. — Ps. li. 4, 9. 2d. Con- sciousness of pollution as opposed to the holiness of God, Ps. li. 5, 7, 10; and, 3d, consciousness of helplessness. — Ps. li. 11; cix. 22. See \" Way of Life.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "167", "sort_key": 167, "group": "Chapter XXXII", "question": "What  are  the  fruits  and  evidences  of  this  seme  of  sin  ?", "answer": "A sense of guilt, especially when coupled with a sense of helplessness, will naturally excite apprehension of danger. This painful feeling is experienced in infinitely various degrees and modifications, as determined by natural temperament, educa- tion, and the special dealings of the Holy Spirit. These legal fears, however, are common both to false and to true repent- ance, and possess no sanctifying influence. A sense of pollution leads to shame when we think of God, and to self-loathing when we think of ourselves. Confession of sin, both in private to God and before men, is a natural and indispensable mode in which this sense of sin will give genuine expression to itself — Ps. xxxii. 5, 6; Pro v. xxviii. 13; James v. 16; 1 John i. 9. The only indubitable test of the genuineness of such a sense of sin, however, is an earnest and abiding desire and endeavor to be delivered from it. 6. Shoiv that an appreJiension of tJie mercy of God in Christ is essential to repentance. 1st. The awakened conscience echoes God's law, and can be appeased by no less a propitiation than that demanded by di- vine justice itself, and until this is realized in a believing ap- plication to Christ, either indifference must stupefy, or remorse must torment the soul. 2d. Out of Christ God is a consuming fire, and an inextin- guishable dread drives the soiil away. — Deut. iv. 24 ; Heb. xii. 29. 3d. A sense of the amazing goodness of God to us in the gift of his Son, and of our ungrateful requital of it, is necessary to excite in the repentant soul the proper sliame and sorrow for sin as committed against God. — Ps. li. 4. 4th. This is proved by the teachings and examples furnished in Scripture. — Ps. li. 1 ; cxxx. 4, EVIDENCES OF GENUINE REPENTANCE. 489 7. What is the nature of that \" turning unto God \" ivhich con- stitutes the essence of genuine repentance ? It is a voluntary forsaking of sin as evil and hateful, with sincere sorrow, humiliation, and confession; and a returning unto God, because he has a right to us, and because he is mer- ciful and willing to forgive, together with a determination to live, by the help of his grace, in obedience to his commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "168", "sort_key": 168, "group": "Chapter XXXII", "question": "What  are  the  evidences  of  genuine  repentance  ?", "answer": "1st. The agreement of our own internal experience with the teachings of the word of God on this subject. This is to be de- termined by the prayerful study of the Scriptures in connection with self-examination. 2d. The permanent effects realized in the life. These are the hatred and forsaking of secret as well as of open sins, the choice of God's service as both riglit and desirable, public confession, and entire practical consecration. \"These things must be in us and abound.\" — 2 Cor. vii. 11. 9. What are the relations ivhich the ideas represented by the terms ^\\faith\" ^^ repentance,'^ ^^regeneration\" and ^'•conversion\" mu- tually sustain to one anotlier ? Regeneration is the ineffable act of God implanting a new nature. The terra conversion is used generally to express the first exercises of that new nature in ceasing from the old life and commencing the new. Faith designates the primary act of the new nature, and also that permanent state or habit of mind which continues the essential condition of all other graces. It is the spiritual apprehension of the truth by the mind, and the loyal embrace of the truth by the will, without Avhicli there can be neither love, hope, peace, joy, nor repentance. The com- mon sense attached to the word repentance is ver}^ similar to that attached to the word conversion, but it differs from it as to its usage in two particulars — 1st. Conversion is the more gen- eral term, and is used to include the first exercises of faith, as well as all those expex'iences of love, of holiness, and hatred of sin, etc., which are consequent upon it. Repentance is more specific, and expresses that hatred and renunciation of sin, and that turning unto God, which accompanies faith as its conse- quent. 2d. Conversion is generally used to designate only the first actings of the new nature at the commencement of a re- ligious life, or at most the first steps of a return to God after a notable backsliding. — Luke xxii. 32. While repentance is ap- plied to that constant bearing of the cross which is one main characteristic of the believer's life on earth. — Ps. xix. 12, 13; Luke ix. 23; Gal. vi. 14; v. 24 490 REPENTANCE — ROMISH DOCTRINE OF PENANCE. 10. Wliat doctrine concerning repentarwe ivas taught by many of the Reformers ? Some of them defined repentance as consisting, 1st, of mor- tification, or dying unto sin; and, 2d, of vivification, or living unto God. This corresponds to our view of sanctification. The Lutherans make repentance to consist in, 1st, contrition, or sor- row for sin; and, 2d, in faith in the gospel, or absolution. — \"Augsburg Conf,\" Art 12. This, although a peculiar phrase- ology, is the true view.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "169", "sort_key": 169, "group": "Chapter XXXII", "question": "What  is  the  Romish  doctrine  of  Penance  ?", "answer": "In their scheme of salvation the true analogy to the Prot- estant doctrine of justification is not to be found in the liomish doctrine of justification (so called), but in their doctrine of penance. By justification Protestants understand a change of relation to the divine law, from condemnation to favor with our Judge and King, on the ground of the satisfaction rendered by Christ. B}^ \"justification \" Romanists mean \" not remission of sin merely, but also the sanctification and renewal of the inward man, through the voluntary reception of the grace and of the gifts whereby man of unjust becomes just, and of an enemy a friend.\" \"For although no one can be just, but he to whom the merits of the passion of Christ, of our Lord Jesus Christ, are communicated, yet is this done in the said justifica- tion of the impious, when by the merit of that same most holy passion, the charity of God is poured forth by the Holy Spirit in the hearts of those that are justified, and is inherent therein.\" ^'■Gonc. Trent\" Sess. 6, ch. 7. This is effected by baptism, and in all its stages presupposes the satisfaction and merit of Christ. His satisfaction atones for all sins committed before baptism, and for the eternal punishment of all sins of the baptized. His merits secure prevenient grace, baptismal regeneration, and are the basis on which the gracious obedience and the temporal sufferings of the believer merit forgiveness of sins and continu- ance, restoration, and increase of grace, and the rewards of heaven. Having been thus justified and made friends of God, they advance from virtue to virtue, and are renewed from day to day through the observance of the commandments of God and of the Church, Avhich good works truly merit and receive, as a just reward, increase of grace and more and more perfect justi- fication (sanctification). The Christian man^Jirst justification, effected in baptism, was for Christ's sake without co-operation of his own merit, though by co-operation of his own will (if adult). His continued and mo'easmr/ justification (sanctification) DOCTRINE OF PENANCE. 491 is for Christ's sake throngb and in proportion to his own merit, which merit increases in proportion (a) to his holiness, (i) to his obedience to moral and ecclesiastical rules. — \"Cone. Trent,\" Sess. 6, ch. 10, and can. 32. In case of those who have by sin fallen from the received grace of \"justification,\" the grace lost is, through the merits of Christ, restored by the Sacrament of Penance, provided as a second plank, after the shipwreck of grace lost. This penance includes (1) sorrow for sin, (2) confession of those sins, (3) sacer- dotal absolution, (4) satisfaction rendered (a) in this world by fasts, alms, prayers, etc., and (&) after death by the fires of purgatory. They distinguish penance — 1st. As a virtue, equivalent to the Protestant doctrine of the grace of repentance. 2d. As a sacrament. Penance, as a virtue, is internal, or a change of mind, including sorrow for sin and turning unto God. External penance, or the outward expression of the internal state, is that which constitutes the Sacrament of Penance. The matter of this sacrament is constituted by the acts of the penitent in the way of contrition, of confession, and of satisfaction. Contrition is sorrow and detestation of past sins, with a purpose of sinning no more. Confession is sell-accusation to a priest having juris- diction and the power of the keys. Satisfaction is some painful work imposed by the priest, and performed by the penitent to satisfy justice for sins committed. These effect (a) the expia- tion of the guilt of past sins, and (6) the discipline and in- crease of the spiritual life of the soul. The form of the sac- rament is the absolution pronounced judicially, and not merely declaratively, by the priest. They hold \" that it is only by means of this sacrament that sins committed after baptism can be for- given.\"—\"Cat. Rom.,\" Part II., Chap. V., Qu. 12 and 13; \"Cone. Trent,\" Sess. G, chs. 14-lG; Sess. 14, chs. 1-9; Sess. 6, can. 30.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "170", "sort_key": 170, "group": "Chapter XXXII", "question": "Hoiv  may  it  he  proved  that  it  is  not  a  sacrament?", "answer": "1st. It was not instituted by Christ. The Scriptures teach nothing concerning it. 2d. It is an essential consequent of the false theory of baptismal regeneration. 3d. It does not either signify, seal, or convey the benefits of Christ and the new covenant. — See below, Chap. XLL, Questions 2-5.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "171", "sort_key": 171, "group": "Chapter XXXII", "question": "What  is  their  doctrine  concerning  confession  ?", "answer": "Confession is self-accusation to a priest having jurisdiction and the power of the keys. All sins must be confessed without reserve, and in all their details and qualifying circumstances. If any mortal sin is not confessed, it is not pardoned, and if 492 REPENTANCE— ROMISH DOCTRINE OF PENANCE. the omission is wilful, it is sacrilege, and greater guilt is in- curred.—\" Cat. Rom.,\" Pt. II., Chap. V., Qu. 33, 34 and 42. 14. What are the Protestant arguments against auricular con- fession ? 1st. It has no Avarrant in Scripture. The command is to \"confess one to another.\" 2d. It perverts the whole plan of salvation, by making necessary the mediation of the priest between the Christian and Christ, wliich has been refuted above, Chap. XXIV., Ques- tions 8 and 21. 3d. We are commanded to confess to God immediately. ]\\Iatt. xi. 28 ; 1 Tim. ii. 5 ; 1 John i. 9. 4th. The practical results of this system have always been evil, and this gross invasion of all the sacred rights of person- ality is revolting to every refined soul. 15. What is the nature of that absolution which the Romish priests claim the poiver to grant ? It absolves judicially, not merely declaratively, from all the penal consequences of the sins confessed by the authority of Jesus Christ. They appeal to Matt. xvi. 19; xviii. 18; John XX. 22, 23. \"Cat. Rom.,\" Part II., Chap. V., Qu. 13 and 17; \"Council of Trent,\" Sess. 14, De Poenitentia, can. 9. 16. What are the arguments against the possession, upon the part of the Christian 7ninistry, of such a poiver to absolve ? 1st. The Christian ministry is not a priesthood. — See above, Chap. XXIV., Question 21. 2d. But even if it were, the conclusion which the Papists draw from it would not follow. Absolution is a sovereign, not a priestly act. This is plain, from the definition of the priest- hood given (Heb. v. 1-6), from the Levitical practice, and from the very nature of the act itself 3d. The grant of the power of the kej^s, whatever it was, was not made to the ministry as such, for in Matt, xviii. 1-18, Christ was addressing the body of the disciples, and the prim- itive ministers never either claimed or exercised the power in question. 4th. The power of absolute forgiveness is incommunicable in itself, and was not granted as a matter of fact ; the words in (juestion will not bear that sense, and were not so understood. Tlie practice of the apostles shows that their understanding of the words was that they conveyed merely the power of declar- ing the conditions on which God would pardon sin, and in THE DOCTRLYE OF INDULGENCES. 493 accordance with that declaration, of admitting or excluding men from sealing ordinances. 5th. This one false principle makes Christ of none effect, and perverts the whole gospel. — \" Bib. Rep.,\" Jan., 1845. 17. What is the Romish doctrine concerning satisfaction as a part of penance? By satisfaction is meant such works as are enjoined by the priest upon confession, which being set over against the sins confessed, for which contrition has been professed, are supposed to constitute a compensation for the breach of God's law, and in consideration of which the sins are forgiven. — \" Cat. Rom.,\" Part II., Chap. V., Qu. 52 and 53. \"Council of Trent,\" Sess. XIV., \" De Poenitentia,\" Chs. I-IX.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "172", "sort_key": 172, "group": "Chapter XXXII", "question": "What  are  the  objections  to  that  doctrine?", "answer": "1st. It is not supported by any Scriptural authority. 2d. It does dishonor to the one perfect satisfaction offered by our High Priest once for all. — Heb. x. 10-14. 3d. The distinc- tion they make between the temporal and eternal punishments of sin is unauthorized. The penalty of sin is the judicial wrath of God — while that lasts there is no peace. When that is pro- pitiated there is no more condemnation (Rom. viii. 1). The temporal sufferings of believers in Christ are chastisements, not punishments, nor satisfactions. 4th. The pretended \" satisfac- tions\" are either commanded or not. If commanded, they are simple duties. Their performance can have no merit. The performance of one duty can never \"satisfy\" for the neglect or violation of another. If not commanded, they are a form of will-worship which God abhors. — Col. ii. 20-23.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "173", "sort_key": 173, "group": "Chapter XXXII", "question": "What  is  the  Papal  doctrine  of  Indulgences?", "answer": "The Papal doctrine of Indulgences — 1st. Rests upon the same principles with their doctrine of Penance. (1.) The distinction between the eternal and the temporal penalties demanded for the satisfactions for sins. (2.) The superabundant merit ac- quired b}' and belonging to the Head of the Church and his members (Christ, the Virgin INIary, and the saints), which con- stitute a Treasury of Merit, disposable at the discretion of com- petent authority to the relief ot any repentant believer not m mortal sin. (3.) The dispensing power of the church, whereby a church officer possessing competent jurisdiction has authority to dispense in behalf of God and of the church any or all tem- poral satisfactions due from the penitent, either on earth or in purgatory, not as yet discharged by him personally. 2d. These indulgences are to be granted for \"reasonable 494 REPENTANCE— ROMISH DOCTRINE OF PENANCE. causes,\" i. e., \"the cause must be pious, that is, not a work wliich is merely temporal, or vain, or in no respect appertain- ing to the divine glory, but any work whatsoever Avhich tends to the honor of God, or the service of the church.\" They \" do not depend for their efficacy on consideration of the work en- joined, but on the infinite treasure of the merits of Christ and the saints.\" These \"causes\" are payments of money for pious purposes, special prayers, visit to certain shrines, etc., etc. ^d. Indulgences are of various kinds. (1.) General for the whole church, granted only by the pope himself, to all the faitiiful thi'oughout the world ; or particular, granted by due authority to certain persons. (2.) They may be 'plenary., granting remis- sion from cdl temporal punishments in this world and in purga- tory; or 'partial., remitting only some part of the penalty due. (3.) They may be temporanj, for a specified number of days or months. (4.) Perpetual, without any limitation of time. ^5.) Local, attached to certain churches or other places. (6.) Real., attached to certain movable things as rosaries, medals, etc. (7.) Personal, granted to particular persons, or communities. — See M'Glintock and Strong's \" Encyclopgedia,\" and below, the \" Counc. of Trent,\" etc. AUTHOKITATIYE STATEMENTS. \"Counc. Trent,\" Sess. 14, cli. 1. — \"But the Lord tlien principally in- stituted tlie Sacrament of Penance, when being raised from the dead, he breathed upon his disciples saying, ' Receive ye the Holy Ghost, whose sins ye shall forgive, they are forgiven them, and whose sins ye retain, they are retained.' By which action so signal, and words so clear, the consent of aU the Fathers has ever understood, that the power of for - ghnnrj and retaining sins was communicated to the apostles and their lawful successors, for the reconciling of the faithful who have fallen after baptism.\" lb., eh. 3. — \"The holy synod doth furthermore teach, (1) that the FOEM of the Sacrament of Penance, wherein its force principally con- sists, is placed in those words of the minister, ' I absolve thee, etc. ' . . . . But (2) the acts of the penitent himself, to wit, contrition, confession, and satisfaction , are as it were the matter of this sacrament, which acts, inasmuch as they are, by God's institution, required in the penitent for the integrity of the sacrament, and for the full and perfect remission of sins, are for this reason called the parts of penance. But (3) the thing signified indeed, and the effect of this sacrament, as far as re- gards its force and efficacy, is reconciliation \\vith God.\" lb., eh. 'k.— \"Contrition, which holds the first place amongst the afore- said acts of the penitent, is a sorrow of mind, and a detestation for sin committed, with the purpose of not sinning for the future. \" lb., ch. 5. — \"All mortal sins of which, after a diligent examination of themselves, they are conscious, must needs be by penitents enume- rated in confession, even though those sins be most hidden, and com- mitted only against the two last precepts of the decalogue. . . Venial sins, whereby we are not excluded from the grace of God, and into which we fall more frequently, although they be rightly and larofitably and with- A UTHORITA TIVE ST A TEMENTS. 495 out presumption declared in confession, yet they may be omitted witliout guilt, and be expiated by many other remedies Other sins (mortal) which do not occur to him (the penitent) after diligent thought, are understood to be included as a whole in that same confession ; for which sins we confidently say with the prophet. ' From my secret sins cleanse me, O Lord.'\" Ih., ch. 6. — \"It also teaches, that even priests, who are in mortal sin, exercise through the virtue of the Holy Ghost, which God has bestowed in ordination, the office of forgiving sins. . . . But although the absolution of the priest is the disjjensation of another's bounty, yet it is not a bare ministry only, or declarative act, but of the nature of a judicial act, whereby sentence is pronounced by the priest as by a judge. . . Neither would faith without penance bestow any remission of sins; nor would he be otherwise than most careless of his own salvation, who knowing that a priest but absolved him in jest, should not carefully seek for another who would act in earnest.\" lb., ch. 8. — \"Finally, as regards Satisfaction, which as it is, of all the parts of Penance, that which has been at all times recommended to the Christian people by our Fathers. Ch. 9. — We are able through Jesus Christ to make satisfaction to God the Father, not only by pains volun- tarily undertaken by ourselves for the punishment of sin, or by those imposed at the discretion of the priest according to the measure of our delinquency,— but also, which is a very great proof of love, by the tem- poral scourges inflicted of God and borne patiently by us. \" \"Counc. Trent,\" Sess. 6, Can. 29. — \"If any one saith, that he, who has fallen after baptism, is not able by the grace of God to rise again ; or that he is able indeed to recover the justice which he has lost, but by faith alone without the sacrament of penance Let him be accursed. Can. 30. — If any one saith that after the grace of Justifi- cation (sanctification) has been received, to every penitent sinner the guilt is remitted, and the debt of eternal punishment is blotted out in such wise, that there remains not any debt of temporal punishment to be discharged either in this world, or in the next in Purgatory, before entrance to the kingdom of heaven can be opened (to him); Let him be accursed.\" Inditlgences. — \"Cone. 7Ve?i<,\" Sess. 25, \"De Indulgentiis.\" Pope Leo X., \"Brill De Indulgentiis\" (1518). — \"That no one in future may allege ignorance of the doctrine of the Eoman Church respecting indulgences and their efficacy . . . the Roman pontifi\", vicar of Christ on earth, can, for reasonable causes, by the powers of the keys, grant to the faithful, whether in this life or in Purgatory, indulgences, out of the superabundance of the merits of Christ, and of the saints (expressly called a treasure) ; and that those who have truly obtained those indul- gences are released from so much of the temporal punishment due for their actual sins to the divine justice as is equivalent to the indulgence granted and obtained.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "174", "sort_key": 174, "group": "Chapter XXXIII", "question": "Eoio  can  James  ii.  14-26,  he  reconciled  with  this  doctrine?", "answer": "James is not speaking of the meritorious ground of justifi- cation, but of the relation which good works sustain to a gen- 500 JUSTIFICATION. nine faith as its fruit and evidence. The meritorious ground of justification is the righteousness of Christ. — Eom. x. 4; 1 Cor. i. 30. Faith is the essential prerequisite and instrument of receiving that righteousness. — Eph. ii. 8. James, in the jDassage cited, simply declares and argues the truth that the faith which is thus the instrumental cause of justification, is never a dead, but always a living and fruitful principle. Paul teaches the same truth often, \" Faith works by love,\" Gal. V. 6, and \"love is the fulfilling of the law,\" Eom. xiii. 10. 12. Wliai do the Scriptures declare to he the true and only ground of justification ? Justification is a declaration on the part of the infinitely wise and holy God that the law is satisfied. The law is, like its Author, absolutely unchangeable, and can be satisfied by nothing else than an absolutely perfect righteousness, at once fulfilling the precept, and suffering the penalty. This was rendered by Christ as our representative, and his perfect right- eousness, as imputed to us, is the sole and strictly legal ground of our justification. Thus he is made for us the end of the law for righteousness, and we are made the righteousness of God in him. — Rom. iii. 24; v. 9, 19; viii. 1; x. 4; 1 Cor. i. 30; vi. 11; 2 Cor. v. 21; Phil. iii. 9. 13. How can it he 'proved that Christ's active ohedience to the precepts of the law is included in that righteotisness hy ivkich ive are justified? 1st. The condition of the covenant of works was perfect obedience. This covenant having failed in the hands of the first Adam must be fulfilled in the hands of the second Adam, since in the covenant of grace Christ assumed all of the undis- charged obligations of his people under the covenant of works. His suffering discharges the penalty, but only his active obe- dience fulfills the condition. 2d. All the promises of salvation are attached to obedience, not to suffering. — Matt. xix. 16, 17; Gal. iii. 12. 3d. Christ came to fulfil the whole law. — Is. xlii. 21; Rom. iii. 31 ; 1 Cor. i. 30. 4th. The obedience of Christ is expressly contrasted with the disobedience of Adam. — Rom. v. 19.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "175", "sort_key": 175, "group": "Chapter XXXIII", "question": "Hoiv  may  it  he  shown  that  Christ^  s  ohedience  was  free?", "answer": "Although Christ was made under the law by being born of the woman, and rendered obedience to that law in the exercises of his created human nature, yet he did not owe that obedience IMPUTATION OF CHRIST'S RIGHTEOUSNESS. 501 for himself, but rendered it freely that its merits might be im- puted to his people, because the claims of law terminate not upon nature, but upon persons; and he was always a divine person. As he suffered, the just for the unjust, so he obeyed, the Lawgiver in the place of the law-subject.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "176", "sort_key": 176, "group": "Chapter XXXIII", "question": "In  wliat  sense  is  Christ's  righteousness  imputed  to  believers?", "answer": "Imputation is an act of God as sovereign judge, at once ju- dicial and sovereign, whereby (1) he makes the guilt and legal responsibilities of our sins really Christ's, and punishes him for them. \" He was wounded for our transgression, the punishment of our peace was upon him.\" — Is. liii. 5 and 11. \"Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us.\" — Gal. iii. 13. \"For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin, that we might be made the righteousness of God in him.\"— 2 Cor. v. 21; John i. 29. (2.) He makes the righteousness of Christ ours (that is, the legal right to reward, by the gracious covenant conditioned on righteousness), and then treats us as persons legally invested with those rights. \" Even as David also describeth the blessedness of the man to whom the Lord imputeth righteousness without works.\" — Rom. iv. 6. \" For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to everj' one that believeth.\" — Rom. x. 4; 1 Cor. i. 30; 2 Cor. v. 21; Phil. iii. 9. \" Imputation \" is the charging or crediting to one's account as the ground of judicial treatment. \" Guilt \" is the just obligation to punishment. The reatus pcence, or \"guilt of punishment,\" is imputed to Christ in our stead. The reatus culpce, or guilt of fault, remains ours. \"Righteousness imputed\" is the vicarious fulfillment of all the covenant demands on which eternal life is conditioned. \" Merit \" is that which deserves on the ground of covenant promise a reward. The merit of reward is imputed to us from Christ, the merit of praise worthiness remains his forever. As Christ is not made a sinner by the imputation to him of our sins, so we are not made holy by the imputation to us of his righteousness. The transfer is only of guilt from us to him, and of merit from him to us. He justly suffered the punish- ment due to our sins, and we justly receive the rewards due to his righteousness. — 1 John i. 9. For explanation of \" Imputa- tion,\" see above. Chap. XXL, Ques. 12, and Chap. XXV., Ques. 9. 16. Upon what ground does this imputation proceed? && Upon the union federal, spiritual, and vital, which subsists between Christ and his people. Which union, in turn, rests upon the eternal decree of election common to all the persons 502 j^rS T I PICA TION. of the Godhead, and upon the eternal covenant of grace formed between the Father as God absolute and the Son as Mediator. Thus the ultimate ground of imputation is the eternal nature and imperial will of God, the fountain of all law and all right. 17. How may the fact of this imputation he proved from Scripture ? See Rom. v. 12-21. Compare Rom. iv. 6; iii. 21, with Rom. V. 19. The doctrine of imputation is essentially involved in the doctrine of substitution. If Christ obeyed and suffered in our place it can only be because our sins were imputed to him, Avhich is directly asserted in Scripture, Isa. liii. 6; 2 Cor. v. 21; 1 Pet. ii. 24; and, if so, the merit of that obedience and suffer- ing must accrue to us, Matt. xx. 28; 1 Tim. ii. 6; 1 Pet. iii. 18. See above, Chapter XXL, Question 12. This doctrine is also taught by those passages which affirm that Christ fulfilled the law, Rom. iii. 31; x. 4; and by those which assert that we are justified by the righteousness of Christ, 1 Cor. vi. 11; Rom. viii. 1, etc. This doctrine, moreover, stands or falls with the whole view we have presented of the priesthood of Christ, of the justice of God, of the covenants of Avorks and of grace, and of the nature of the atonement; to which subjects, under their respective heads, the reader is referred. 18. What are the two effects ascribed to the imputation of Christ's righteousness 7 Christ's righteousness satisfies, 1st, the penalty of the law; 2d, then the positive conditions of the covenant of works, i. e., obedience to the precepts of the law. The imputation of that righteousness to the believer, therefore, secures, 1st, the remis- sion of the penalty, pardon of sins; 2d, the recognition and treatment of the believer as one with respect to whom the covenant is fulfilled, and to whom all its promises and advan- tages legally accrue. — See below, Question 28. 19. Are the sins of believers, committed siihseqiiently to their justification, included in the pardon ivhich is consequent to the im- putation of Christ's 7'ighteousness ; and, if so, in ivhat icay ? The elect, although embraced in the purpose of God, and in his covenant with his Son from eternity, are not effectively united to Christ until the time of their regeneration, when, in consequence of their union with him, and the imputation of his righteousness to them, their relation to the law is permanently changed. Although the immutable law always continues their RELATION OF FAITH TO JUSTIFICATION. 503 perfect standard of experience and of action, it is no longer to them a condition of the covenant of life, because that covenant has been fully discharged for them by their sponsor. God no longer imputes sin to them to the end of judicial punishment. Every suffering which they henceforth endure is of the nature of chastisement, designed for their correction and improve- ment, and forms, in its relation to them, no part of the penalty of the law. 20. What are the dlff^erent opinions as to the class of si7is which are forgiven when the sinner is justified? Romanists teach that original sin and all actual transgres- sions prior to baptism are forgiven for Christ's sake, through the reception of that sacrament, and that after baptism, sins, as they are committed, are through the merits of Christ for- given in the observance of the sacrament of penance. See above. Chapter XXXII., Question 11. Dr. Pusey has revived an ancient doctrine that in baptism all past sins, original and actual, are forgiven; but his system makes no provision for sins subsequently committed. ]\\Iany Protestants have held that only past and present sins are forgiven in the first act of justification, and that sins after regeneration, as they occur, are forgiven upon renewed acts of faith. The true view, however, is, that in consequence of the imputation to him of Christ's righteousness, the believer is emancipated from his former federal relation to the law, and consequently henceforth no sin is charged to him to the end of judicial condemnation. This follows from the nature of justifi- cation, as stated above, and it is illustrated by the recorded experience of Paul, who, while complaining of the law of sin, still warring in his members, yet never doubted of his filial relation to God, nor of the forgiveness of his sins. 21. What are the different opinions as to the relation hetiveen faith and justification ? Socinians hold that faith, including obedience, is the proper meritorious ground of justification. — \" Cat. Rac.,\"\" Quest. 418-421, and 453. Arminians teach that although faith has no merit in itself, since it is the gift of God, yet, as a living principle, including evangelical obedience, it is graciously, for Christ's merits' sake, imputed to us for righteousness, i. e., accepted as righteousness, upon the ground of which we are declared just. — Limborch, \"Theol. Christ.,\" 6, 4, 22, and 6, 4, 46. The orthodox view is that the active and passive obedience 504 JUSTIFICA TIOiV. of Christ satisfying botli the precept and penalty of the law as a covenant of life, and thus constituting' a perfect righteousness, is, upon being appropriated by the believer in the act of faith, actually made his, in a legal sense, by imputation. Faith, there- fore, is the mere instrument whereby we partake in the right- eousness of Christ, which is the true ground of our justification, \"V 22. Prove from Scripture that faith is only the instrumental cause of justification. 1st. From the nature of faith itself (1.) It is not of our- selves, it is the gift of God. — Eph. ii. 8; Phil. i. 29. (2.) It is one of the fruits of the Spirit, and, therefore, not the meritorious ground of spiritual blessings. — Gal. v. 22. (3.) It is an act of the sold, and therefore a work, but though, by means of faith, justification is not by works. — Rom. iv. 2-5; xi. 6. (4.) Justi- fying faith terminates on or in Christ, in his blood and sacrifice, and in the promises of God; in its very essence, therefore, it involves trust, and, denying its owr justifying value, affirms the sole merit of that on which it trusts. — Rom. iii. 25, 26; iv. 20, 22; Gal. iii. 26; Eph. i. 12, 13; 1 John v. 10. (5.) The law necessarily demands a perfect righteousness, but faith, even when combined with the evangelical obedience which springs from it, is not a perfect righteousness. 2d. The Scriptures, when referring to the relation of justifi- cation to faith, use the terms £k nidrEooi, hy faith, and 8id Tti6Tf.ooz, by or through faitli, but never 8id Tci6riv, on account of faith, Gal. ii. 16. 3d. Faith is distinguished fi'om the righteousness which it apprehends. — Rom i. 17; Phil. iii. 8-11. Turretin, L. 16, Q. 7.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "177", "sort_key": 177, "group": "Chapter XXXIII", "question": "What  is  the  specific  object  of  justifying  faith  ?", "answer": "The Socinians, denying the divinity of Christ, make the act of justifying faith to terminate \"in God through Christ.\" — \"Rac. Cat.,\" Sec. 5., Ch. 9. The Romanists, confounding justification and sanctification, make the whole revelation of God the object of the faith that justifies. — \"Cat. Rom.\" Part 1, Chap. 1. The Scriptural doctrine is, that while the renewed heart believes equally ever}?- ascertained word of God, the specific act of faith, whereby we are justified, terminates upon the person and work of Cln-ist as Mediator. This is proved, 1st, from express declarations of Scripture. Rom. iii. 22, 25; Gal. ii. 16; Phil. iii. 9. 2d. By the declara- tion that we are saved by believing in him. — Acts x. 43; xvi. 31; John iii. 16, 36. 3d. By those figurative expressions which illustrate the act of saving faith as \"looking to Christ,\" OBJECTIONS ANSWERED. 505 etc.— Is. xlv. 22 ; John i. 12 ; vi. 35, 37 ; jSIatt. xi. 28. 4th. Unbe. lief is the refusing the righteousness which God provides, i. e., Christ. — Ptom. x. 3, 4 24. What is the nature of that peace lohich fioivs from justifi- cation ? 1st. Peace with God, his justice being completely satisfied through the righteousness of Christ. — Kom. v. 1 ; 2 Cor. v. 19 ; Col. i. 21 ; Eph. ii. 14. In witness whereof his Holy Spirit is given to us. — Rom. viii. 15, 16; Heb. x. 15, 17. His love shed abroad in our hearts, Rom. v. 5, and our habitual fellowship with him established, 1 John i. 3. 2d. Inward peace of con- science, including consciousness of our reconciliation with God through the operation of his Spirit, as above, and the appease- ment of our self-condemning conscience through the apprehen- sion of the righteousness by which we are justified. — Heb. ix. 14; X. 2, 22.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "178", "sort_key": 178, "group": "Chapter XXXIII", "question": "What  other  l^nefitSfioio  from  justification?", "answer": "Being justified on the ground of a perfect righteousness, our whole relation to God and the law is changed; the gift of the Holy Gliost, adoption, sanctification, perseverance, the working orall things together for good in this life, deliverance in death, the resurrection of the body, and the final glorification, all result. 0 Objections Answered. 26. State and Refute the principal objections made to the Protestant doctrine of justification. 1st. That it is legal, and therefore excludes grace. We ANSWER — that it is transcendently gracious. 1. The admission of a substitute for guilty sinners was an act of grace. 2. The vicarious obedience and sufferings of the God-man were of infinite grace. 3. The imputation of his righteousness to an individual elected out of the mass of fallen humanity is an act of pure grace. Hence, 4, the entire subsequent regarding and treating the believer as righteous, is a work of grace. 2d. That it is impious because it declares the sinner to be righteous with the very righteousness of Christ. We ANSWER. It is not impious because — 1. This righteous- ness was freely wrought out with the intention it should be ours, and it is freely given to us. 2. It is not Christ's per- sonal subjective I'ighteousness which is incommunicable, but his vicarious fulfillment of the covenant of life under which we were created which is imputed to us. 3. The merit of praise- 506 JUSTIFICATION. worthiness is retained by Christ, only its merit of rewardable- ness is given to us. 4. It is given to us gratuitously, that the praise of glorious grace may redound to Christ alone. 3d. That gratuitous justification by faith leads to licen- tiousness. Paul answers, Rom. vi. 2-7: Prop. 1st. Where sin abounded grace did much more abound. Rom. V. 20. Prop. 2d. Shall we conclude, therefore, that we are to con- tinue in sin that grace may abound? God forbid. — Rom. vi. 1, 2. Prop. 3d. The federal union of the believer with Christ, which secures our justification, is the foundation of, and is insepara- ble from, that vital spiritual union with him, which secures our sanctification. Prop. 4th. This method of justification, so far from leading to licentiousness, secures the only conditions under which we could be holy. (1.) This method of justification, by changing our relation to God, enables us to return to him in a way of a free, loving service. — Rom. vi. 14; vii. 1-6. (2.) It alone de- livers us from the spirit of bondage and fear, and gives us that of adoption and love. — Rom. viii. 1-17; xiii. 10; Gal. v. 6; 1 John iv. 18; 2 John 6. 27. In ivlmt respect did the doctrine of Piscator on this subject differ from that ^^ the Reformed Churches? Piscator, a Protestant divine. Prof at Herborn (1584-1625), taught, 1st, that, as to his human nature, Christ was under the law in the same sense as any other creature, and that, therefore, he could only obey the law for himself; 2d, that if Christ had obeyed the law in our place, the law could not claim a second fulfillment of us, and, consequently. Christians would be under no obligations to obey the law of God; 3d, that if Christ had both obeyed the precept of the law and suffered its penalty, then the law would have been doubly fulfilled, since the claims of the precept and the penalty of the law are alternative, not coincident. This doctrine was expressly condemned in the Reformed Churches of Switzerland and Holland, and by the French synods held in the years 1603, 1612, and 1614. \\\\\\ 1615, how- ever, the Synod tacitly allowed these views to pass without condemnation. — Mosheim's \" Hist.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "179", "sort_key": 179, "group": "Chapter XXXIII", "question": "Hoio  may  it  he  shown  that  justification  is  not  mere  pardon?", "answer": "Piscator erred, from tailing to distinguish — 1st. That the claims of law terminate not upon natures, but upon persons. Christ Avas a divine person, and, therefore, his obedience was OBJECTIONS ANSWERED. 507 free. 2d. That there is an evident difference between a federal relation to the law as a condition of salvation, and a natural relation to law as a rule of life. Christ discharged the former as our federal representative. The latter necessarily attaches to the believer as to all moral agents forever. Justification is more than pardon — 1st. Because the very word \"to justify\" proves it. To \"pardon\" is, in the exercise of sovereign prerogative, to waive the execution of the penal sanc- tions of the law. \"To justify\" is to declare that the demands of the law are satisfied, not wai^^ed. Pardon is a sovereign act — -justification is a judicial act. 2d. As we proved under Chap. XXV., Christ did in strict rigor of justice satisfy vicariously for us the demands of the law, both the obedience demanded and the , ' ' penalty denounced. His satisfaction is the ground of our justi- .' cation. But pardon is remission of penalty in absence of satis- I ,, ' •' faction. 3d. iF Justification were mere pardon it would simply » ''\"'^ release us from penal suffering, but would provide no further good for us. But \"justification through faith in Christ,\" se- cures not pardon only, but also peace, grace, reconciliation, adoption of sons, coheirship, etc., etc. — See above, Ques. 13. Kom. V. 1-10; Acts xxvi. 18; Rev. i. 5, 6. In the case of justified believers \"justification \" includes \"par- don.\" Our justification proceeds on the ground of a \"satisfac- tion,\" and, therefoi-e, is not mere pardon. But it is a \" vicari- ous \" satisfaction graciously set to the credit of the unworthy, and, therefore, it effects pardon to us sinners who believe in Christ. 29. Did not Calvin often use language to the effect that justifica- tion and pardon are the same ? He did. But his language is to be interpreted — 1st. By the fact that he was arguing with Eomanists who taught that \"jus- tification consists in remission of sins and infusion of grace.\" He argued in opposition that justification consists in the former but does not include the latter. 2d. By the conclusive fact that his full definitions of justification comprehend the full truth more accurately defined in the Symbols of the Lutheran and Reformed Churches. Calvin's '^Institutes,\" Bk. 3, ch. 11, ^ 2. — \"A man is said to be justi- fied in tlie sight of God, when in the judgment of God he is decreed righteous, and is accej)ted on account of his righteousness. ... In the same manner a man will be said to he justified by loorTcs, if in his hfe, or by the perfection of his works, he can answer and satisfy the divine justice. On the contrary a man will be justified by faith, when exchided from the righteousness of works, he by faith lays hold of the righteous- ness of Christ, and clothed in it appears in the sight of God not as sinner, 508 JUSTIFICATION. bvit as rigliteoiis. Thus we simply interpret justification, as tlie accept- ance with which God receives us into his favor as if we were righteous, and we say that this justification consists in the forgiveness of sins, and the imputation of the righteousness of Christ.\" Calvin's ^'Cuni.,\" 1 Cor. i. 30. — \" 'Christ is made unto us righteoiis- ness,' by which, he (the apostle) understood that we are accepted by God in his name (Christ's), because he expiated our sins, and his obedience is imputed to us for righteousness. For since the righteousness of faith consists in remission of sins, and in gratuitous accej)tance, we obtain both through Christ.\" 30. In ivliat respect does the governmental tlieory of the atone- ment modify the doctrine of justification ? See above, Chap. XXV., Question 27. 1st. It follows, from that theory, that justification is a sov- ereign, not a judicial act of God. Christ has not satisfied the law, but merely made it consistent with the government of God to set aside the law in the case of believing men. It is mere pardon, an act of executive clemency. 2d. As Christ did not die as a substitute, it follows that his righteousness is not imputed ; it is the occasion, not the ground of justification. 3d. As Christ did not die as a substitute, there is no strictly federal union between Christ and his people, and faith can not be the instrument of salvation by being the means of uniting us to Christ, but only the arbitrary condition of justification, or the means of recommending us to God. 4th. As justification is mere pardon, it only sets aside con- demnation, and renders, so far forth, future salvation possible. It does nothing to secvire the future standing and relations of the believer, under the covenant of salvation, to God. Dr. Emmons (1745-1840), one of the ablest theologians of the New England School, says (\"Sermons,\" Vol. III., p. 3-67) — (1.) \"Justification, in a gospel sense, signifies no more nor less than pardon or remission of sin.\" (2.) \"Forgiveness is the only favor which God bestows upon men on Christ's account.\" (3.) \"The fidl and final justification of believers, or their title to their eternal inheritance, is conditional. They must perform certaiji things, which he has specified as terms or conditions of their taking possession of their several legacies.\" (4.) \"God does promise eternal life to all who obey his commands or exercise those holy and benevolent afi'ections which his com- mands require.\" 31. How does the Armiman theory as to the nature and design of the scdisf action of Christ modify the doctrine of justification ? They hold — 1st. As to the nature of Christ's satisfaction, THE ARMINIAN, AND THE ROMISH DOCTRINE. 509 that although it was a real propitiation rendered to justice for us, it was not in the rigor of justice perfect, but was gra- ciously accepted and acted on as such by God. — Limborch, \"Apol. Theo.,\" 3, 22, 5. 2d. That it was not strictly the sub- stitution of Christ in place of his elect, but rather that he suf- fered the wrath of God in behalf of all men, in order to make it consistent with justice for God to offer salvation to all men upon condition of faith. Therefore they regard justification as a sovereign, not a judicial act — 1st. In accepting the sufferings of Christ as suf- ficient to enable God consistently to offer to men salvation on the terms of the new covenant of grace, %. e., on the condition of faith. 2d. In imputing to the believer his faith for right- eousness for Christ's sake. This faith they make — 1st. To include evangelical obedi- ence, i. e., the whole principle of religion in heart and life. 2d. They regard it as the graciously admitted ground, rather than the mere instrument of justification ; faith being counted for righteousness, because Christ died. — Limborch, \"Theo. Christ,\" 6, 4, \"i.l, and 6, 4, 46. This theory, besides being opposed by all the arguments we have above presented in establishing the orthodox doctrine, labors under the further objections — 1st. It fails to render a clear account as to how the satis- faction of Christ makes it consistent with divine justice to save men upon the condition of faith. If Christ did not obey and suffer strictly as the substitute of his people, it is difficult to see how the justice of God, as it respects them, could have been appeased ; and if he did so fulfil the demands of justice in their place, then the orthodox view, as above stated, is admitted. 2d. It fails to render a clear account of the relation of faith .to justification — (1.) Because faith in Christ, including trust, necessarily implies that the merits of Christ upon which the trust terminates is the ground of justification. (2.) Faith must be either the ground or the mere instrument of justification. If it be the latter then the righteousness of Christ, which is the object of faith, is that ground. If it be the former, then what is made of the merits of Christ upon which faith rests?", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "180", "sort_key": 180, "group": "Chapter XXXIII", "question": "Hoiv  do  the  Romanists  define  justification?", "answer": "They confound justification with sanctification. It is, 1st, the forgiveness of sins; 2d, the removal of inherent sin for Christ's sake ; 3d, the positive infusion of grace. Of this justification they teach that the final cause is the glory of God and eternal life. The efficient cause is the power 510 yUSTIFICA TION. of the Holy Ghost. The meritorious cause the work of Christ. The instrumental cause baptism. The formal cause the influ- ence of grace, Avhereby we are made not merely forensically but inherently righteous. — \"Council of Trent,\" Sess. vi., Chap- ter vii. They define faith in its relation to justification to be the beginning of luunan salvation, tlie fountain and root of all justification, {. e., of spiritual life. Tliey consequently hold that justification is progressive, and that when a man receives a new nature in baptism, and the work of justification is com- menced in him with the forgiveness and the removal of sin, the work is to be carried on by the exercise of the grace im- planted, i. e., by good works. Since they confound justifica- tion with sanctification, they necessarily deny that men are justified by the imputation of the rigiiteousness of Christ, or by mere faith without works. — Sess. 6, Can. 9th and 11th, \"de Justificatione.\" They admit that justification is entirely gracious, i. e., of the mere mercy of God, and for the sake of the merits of Jesus Christ, as neither the spiritual exercises nor the works of men previous to justification have any merit whatsoever. — \"Council of Trent,\" Sess. vi.. Chapter viii. A careful distinction must be made between (a) that which in the case of an adult prepares for justification, (?>) the reali- zation of justification in the first instance, (c) its subsequent progressive realization in the advance of the gracious soul in justification towards perfection, and {(T) the restoration to a state of grace of the baptized Christian after backsliding into sin. 1st. The preparation of the sinner for justification proceeds from the prevenient grace of God, without any merit on the part of the subject. This grace acting through the hearing of the word leads to conviction of sin, repentance, apprehen- sion of the mercy of God in Christ (the church), and hence to a determination to receive baptism and lead a new life (\" Cone. Trent,\" Sess. vi., chaps, v. and vi). 2d. Tiie actual justification of the sinner is the infusion of gracious habits, the pollution of sin having been washed away by the powder of God, on account of the merits of Christ, through the instrumentality of baptism, which operates its effects by an energy made inherent in it, by the institution of God. After this, inherent sin being removed, remission of guilt necessarily follows as its immediate effect. Guilt is the relation which sin sustains to the justice of God. The thing being removed, the relation ceases ipso facto (Bellarmin, \" De Amiss. Grati^e,\" etc., V. 7. THE ROMISH DOCTRINE. 511 3d. Having thus been justified and made a friend of God, the baptized Christian advances from virtue to virtue, and is renewed from day to day, through the observance of the com- mandments of God and of the church, faith co-operating with good works, now made possible in virtue of the previous justi- fication, and which truly merit, and receive as a just reward, increase of grace, and more and more perfect justification. His iirst justification was for Christ's sake, without any co-opera- tion of his own merit, but by consent of his own will. His sec- ond or continued and increasing justification is for Christ's sake, through and in proportion to his own merit, which deserves increase of grace and acceptance in proportion (a) to his per- sonal holiness, and (/;) to his obedience to ecclesiastical rules (\" Cone. Trent,\" Sess. 6, Chap. x. and Can. 32). 4th. In the case of those who having been justified, have sinned, the lost grace of justification is restored, for the merits of Christ, through the sacrament of Penance, which is provided as a second plank to rescue those who have shipwrecked grace. This penance includes (o) sorrow for sin, (&) confession to a priest having jurisdiction, (c) sacerdotal absolution, {d) satis- faction by alms, prayers, fasts, etc., and this justification if not rendered perfect by these means on earth is completed by pur- gatorial fires. All these satisfactions, earthly and purgatorial, are meritorious satisfactions to divine justice, cancelling the temporal punishments attaching to the sins for which they are undergone, the eternal punishment whereof has been at once and freely remitted, either through the sacrament itself, or the honest desire for it (\"Cone. Trent,\" Sess. 6, Chaps, xiv. and xvi., and Can. 30, and Sess. 14, Chaps, i.-ix). 33. What are the points of difference hetiueen Protestants and Romanists on this tohoJe subject ? 1st. As to the nature of justification. We regard it as a judicial act of God, declaring the believer to be forensically just, on the ground of the righteousness of Christ made his by imputation. They regard it as the infusion of inherent grace. 2d. As to its meritorious ground. Both say the merits of Christ. But they say these merits are made ours by sanctifica- tion. We, by imputation, through the instrumentality of faith. 3d. As to the nature and office of faith. We say that it is the instrument; they the beginning and root of justification. 4th. They say that justification is progressive. 5tli. That it may be lost by mortal sin and regained and increased through the sacrament of Penance, and completed in Purgatory. — See above, Chapter XXXH., on \"Ptcpentance and Penance.\" 512 yUS T I PICA TION. 34. Wltai are the leading arguments against the Bomanist vieio on this subject? 1st. This whole doctrine is confused. (1.) It confounds under one definition two matters entirely distinct, namely, the forensic remission of the condemnation due to sin with the washing away of inlierent sin, and the introduction to a state of covenant favor with God Avith the infusion of inherent grace. (2.) It renders no sensible account as to the manner in which the merit of Christ propitiates divine justice. 2d. Their definition is refuted by all the evidence above exhibited, that the terms \"justification\" and \"righteousness\" are used in Scripture in a forensic sense. 3d. Their view, by making our inherent grace wrought in us by the Holy Ghost for Christ's sake the ground of our ac- ceptance with God, subverts the whole gospel. It is of the very essence of the gospel that the ground of our acceptance with the Father is the mediatorial work of the Son, who is for us the end of the law for righteousness, and not our own graces. 4th. Their view of the merit of works performed by divine grace after baptism is inconsistent with Avhat Scripture teaches and the Eomish Church itself teaches as to original sin and guilt, and as to the essential graciousness of the salvation wrought by Christ. Thomas Aquinas himself (\"Summa.,\" Q. 114, Art. 5) says, \"If grace be considered in the sense of a gratuitous gift, all merit is excluded by grace.\" Therefore the entire s^^stem of Papist justification falls. 5th. It is legal in its spirit and method, and consequently induces either spiritual pride or despair, but never can nourish true evangelical assurance at once humble and confident. 6th. The Scriptures declare that on the ground of the pro- pitiation of Christ God justifies the believer as ungodly, not as sanctified. It certainly could not require an atonement to render God both just and the sanctifier of the ungodly. Rom. iv. 5. 7th. The phrases to impute, reckon, count sin or righteous- ness are absolutely consistent only Avith a forensic interpreta- tion. To impute righteousness without works in the forensic sense, in the 4th chapter of Romans, is reasonable. To impute inherent grace without works is nonsense. 8th. Their definition is refuted by all those arguments which establish the true view with respect to the nature and office of justifying faith. — See above. Questions 21-23. ROMISH DOCTRINE. 513 AxJTHOKITATrVE STATEMENTS. Romish Docteine. —For statement of tlie nature, ground, and means of justification, see above, under Ch. XXIX. For statement of Eomisli Doctrine of Good Works and Woi'ks of Supererogation, see below, under Ch. XXXV., and see Doctrine of Penance, above, under Ch. XXXII. '■'■ Counc. Trent,'\" Sess. 6, ch. 8. — \"We are said to be justified by faith, because faith is the beginning of human salvation, the foundation and the root of all justification.\" Ih., can. 23. — \"If any one saith that a man once justified can sin no more nor lose grace, and therefore he that falls and sins was never truly justified; or on the other hand, that he is able during his whole life to avoid all sins, even those that are venial, except by a special privilege from God, as the church holds in regard of the Blessed Virgin, let him be accursed.\" Can. 24. — \"If any one say that righteousness received is not preserved and also increased before God through good works; but that the said works are merely the fruits and signs of justification obtained, but not a cause of the increase thereof; let him be acciirsed.\" Can. 29. — \"If any one saith that he, who has fallen after baptism, is not able by the grace of God to rise again; or, that he is able indeed to recover the righteousness which he has lost, but by faith alone, without the sacrament of penance .... let him be accursed.\" Can. 30. — \"If any one saith, that, after the grace of Justifi- cation has been received, to every penitent sinner the guilt is remitted and the debt of eternal punishment is blotted out in such wise, that there remains not any debt of temporal punishment to be discharged either in this world, or in the next in Purgatory, before he can enter the kingdom of heaven; let him be accursed.\" Can. 32. — -\"If any one saith, that the good works of one that is justified are in such manner the gifts of God, as that they are not also the good merits of him that is justified; or that the justified man, by the good works wliich he performs through the grace of God and the merit of Jesus Christ, whose living member he is, does not truly merit inci'ease of grace, eternal life, and the attainment of eternal life if he die in grace, and also an increase of glory; let him be accursed.\" Bellakmin, ^^De Justificatione,\" 5, 1. — \"The common opinion of all Catholics holds that all the good works of justified persons are truly and jsroperly meritorious, and deserving not merely of a reward of some sort, but of eternal life itself. 4, 7. — We say that good works are necessary to a justified man in order to his salvation, not only in the way of being present, but also in the way of efficiency, since they eff'ect salvation, and faith without them does not eff'ect it. lb. 5, 5. — The merits of ju.stified persons do not stand opposed to the merits of Christ, but they spring from these, and whatever praise those merits of the justified have, redounds entii-e to the praise of the merits of Christ.\" Lutheban Doctrine. — '^Apologia Confenaionis.'\" — \"To justify in this place (Rom. v. 1), signifies in a forensic sense to absolve an accused pei*- son and jn'onounce him righteous, but on account of another's righteous- ness, i. e., of Christ; which other's righteousness is made over to us through faith.\" '■'■Formula Goncordice \" (Hase Ed.), p. 685. — \"The term justification in this transaction means to pronounce righteous, to absolve from sins, and from the eternal punishment of sinners, on account of the righteousness of Christ, which is imputed by God to faith.\" lb. p. 684. — \"Man a sinner may be justified before God . . without any merits or worthi- ness of ours, and apart from any works, preceding, accompanying, or 33 514 yUSTIFICA TION. following, out of mere grace.\" Ih. p. 584. — \"We confess that faith alone is that means and instrument by which we apprehend Christ our Saviour, and in Christ of that righteousness, which can stand the judgment of God.\" Ih. J). 689. — \" Neither repentance, nor love, nor any other virtue, but faith alone, is the single means and instrument by which we are able to ajji^rehend and accejit the grace of God, the merit of Christ, and the remission of sins.\" Befokmed Doctbine. \"Wesfminsier Confession of Faith,\" Ch. 11. \"Heidelberg Cui.\" Ques. 60. — \"Nevertheless I may now embrace all these benefits with a true boldness of mind; without any merit of mine, of the mere mercy of God, the perfect satisfaction, righteousness, and holiness of Christ is imputed and given to me, as if I had myself com- mitted no sin, nor incurred any stain; yea, as if I had myself perfectly performed that obedience which Christ performed for me.\" Eemonstkant DocTKiNE. — Limborch, ''Christ. Theol.,'\" ^, 4,22. — \"Let it be understood that, when we say we are justified by faith, we do not exclude works, wliich faith requires, and as a fruitful mother produces, but we include them . . . nor by faith is a bare faith to be under- stood, as contradistingitished from the works which faith produces, but together with the faith, all that obedience which God in the New Testa- ment apijoints, and which is suiDplied by faith in Jesus Christ. . . 31. — But faith is a condition in us and is required of us in order that we may obtain justification. It is therefore an act which, although viewed in itself it is by no means perfect, but in many respects defective, is yet received as full and j)erfect by God gTaciously and freely, and on account of it God graciously bestows remission of sins and the reward of eternal life. . . 29. — The object of faith (justifying) we declare to be Jesus Christ entire, as prophet, j^riest, and king; not only his propitiation, but his precepts, promises, and threatenings ; by it therefore we embrace the entire Christ, his word, and all his saving benefits.\" SociNiAN DocTKiNE. — ''Rucovian Catechism,\" Sec. 5, ch. 9. — \"The faith which is by itself followed by salvation, is such an assent to the doctrine of Christ that we apply it to its proper object; that is, that we trust in God through Christ, and give ourselves up wholly to obey his •wUl, whereby we obtain his promises If piety and obedi- ence, when life is continued after the acknowledgment of Christ, be required as indispensable to salvation, it is necessary that the faith to which alone and in reality salvation is ascribed, should comprehend obe- dience. . . lb. ch. 11. — Justification is, when God regards us as just, or so deals with us as if we were altogether just and innocent. This he does in the New Covenant, in forgiving our sins and conferring upon us eternal life.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "181", "sort_key": 181, "group": "Chapter XXXV", "question": "What  relation  does  sanctification  sustain  to  regeneration  ?", "answer": "Kegeneration is the creative act of the Holy Spirit, implant- ing a new principle of spiritual life in the soul. Conversion is the first exercise of that new gracious principle, in the spontane- ous turning of the new-born sinner to God. Sanctification is 522 SANCTIFICATION. the sustaining and developing work of the Holy Ghost, bring- ing all the faculties of the soul more and more perfectly imder the purifying and regulating influence of the implanted principle of spiritual life. 6. What is the I'elation lohicli justification and sandification sustain to each other ? In the order of nature, regeneration precedes justification, although as to time they are always necessarily contemporane- ous. The instant God regenerates a sinner he acts faith in Christ. The instant he acts faith in Christ he is justified, and sanctification, which is the work of carrying on and perfecting that which is begun in regenei'ation, is accomplished under the conditions of those new relations into wliich he is introduced by justification. In justification we are delivered from all the penal consequences of sin, and brought into such a state of reconciliation with God, and communion of the Holy Ghost, that we are emancipated from the bondage of legal fear, and endued with that spirit of filial confidence and love wliich is the essential principle of all acceptable obedience. Our justifi- cation, moreover, proceeds on the ground of our federal union with Christ by faith, which is the basis of that vital and spirit- ual union of the soul with him from whom our sanctification flows. — See above. Chap. XXXI., Question 3. 7. Hoio can it he shown that this work extends to the tvhole man, the understanding, ivill, and affections ? The soul is a unit, the same single agent alike, thinking, feeling, and wilhng. A man can not love that loveliness which he does not perceive, nor can he perceive that beauty, whether moral or natural, wliich is uncongenial to his own heart. His whole nature is morally depraved, 1st, blind or insensible to spiritual beauty; 2d, averse, in the reigning dispositions of the will, to moral right, and therefore disobedient. The order in which the faculties act is as follows: The intellect perceives the qualities of the object concerning which the mind is engaged; the heart loves those qualities which are congenial to it; the will chooses that which is loved. This is proved, 1st, by experience. As the heart becomes more depraved the mind becomes more insensible to spiritual liglit. On the other hand, as the eyes behold more and more clearly the beauty of the truth, the more lively become the affections, and the more obedient the will. 2d. From the tes- timony of Scripture. By nature the whole man is depraved. The understanding darkened, as well as the affections and will perverted. — Eph. iv. 18. THE AGENCY OF THE TRUTH. 523 If this be so, it is evident that sanctification must also be effected throughout the entire nature. 1st. From the necessity of the case. 2d. From the testimony of Scripture. — Rom. vi. 13; 2 Cor. iv. 6; Eph. i. 18; Col. iii. 10; 1 Thess. v. 23; 1 John iv. 7.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "182", "sort_key": 182, "group": "Chapter XXXV", "question": "In  what  sense  is  the  body  sanctified  ?", "answer": "1st. As consecrated, (1) as being the temple of the Holy Ghost, 1 Cor. vi. 19; (2) hence as being a member of Christ. — 1 Cor. vi. 15. 2d. As sanctified, since they are integral parts of our persons, their instincts and appetites act immediately upon the passions of our souls, and consequently these must be brought subject to the control of the saij^ified soul, and all its members, as organs of the soul, made instruments of righteous- ness unto God. — Rom. vi. 13; 1 Thess. iv. 4. 3d. It will be made like Christ's glorified body. — 1 Cor. xv. 44; Phil. iii. 21.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "183", "sort_key": 183, "group": "Chapter XXXV", "question": "To  ichom,  is  the  luork  of  sancti/ication  referred  in  Scripture  ?", "answer": "1st. To the Father.— 1 Thess. vi. 23; Heb. xiii. 21. 2d. To the Son.— Eph. v. 25, 26 ; Titus ii. 14. 3d. To the Holy Ghost.— 1 Cor. vi. 11; 2 Thess. ii. 13. In all external actions the three Persons of the Trinity are always represented as concurring, the Father working through the Son and Spirit, and the Son through the Spirit. Hence the work of sanctification is with special prominence attributed to the Holy Spirit, since he is the immediate agent therein, and since this is his special office work in the plan of redemption. 10. What do the Scriptures teach as to the agency of the truth in the icork of sanctification ? The whole process of sanctification consists in the develop- ment and confirmation of the new principle of spiritual life im- planted in the soul in regeneration, conducted by the Holy Ghost in perfect conformity to, and through the operation of the laws and habits of action natural to the soul as an intelligent, moral and free agent. Like the natural faculties both of body and mind, and the natural habits which modify the actions of those faculties, so Christian graces, or spiritual habits, are developed by exercise; the truths of the gospel being the objects iipon wdiich these graces act, and by which they are both excited and directed. Thus the divine loveliness of God presented in the truth, which is his image, is the object of our complacent love; his goodness of our gratitude; his promises of our trust; his judgments of our wholesome awe, and his commandments variouslv exercise us in the thousand forms of filial obedience. John xvii. 19; 1 Pet. i. 22; ii. 2; 2 Pet. i. 4; James i. 18. 524 SANCTIFICA TION. 11. What efficiency do the Scriptures ascribe in this ivorJc to the Sacraments ? There are three views entertained on this subject by theo- logians— 1st. The lowest view is, that the sacraments simply, as symbols, present the truth in a lively manner to the eye, and are effective thus only as a form of presenting the gospel objectively. 2d. The opinion occupying the opposite extreme is, that they, of their own proper efficiency, convey sanctifying grace ex opere operato, \" because they convey grace by the virtue of the sacramental action itself, instituted by God for this very end, and not through the merit either of the agent (priest) or the receiver.\" — Bellarmin, \"De Sac,\" 2, 1. 3d. The true view is, \"that the sacraments are efficacious means of grace, not merely exhibiting but actually conferring upon those who worthily receive them the benefits which they represent;\" yet this efficacy does not reside properly in them, but accompanies their proper use in virtue of the divine insti- tution and promise, through the accompanying agency of the Holy Ghost, and as suspended upon the exercise of faith upon the part of the recipient, which faith is at once the condition and the instrument of the reception of the benefit. — Matt. iii. 11 ; Acts ii. 41; x. 47; Rom. vi. 3; 1 Cor. xii. 13; Titus iii. 5; 1 Pet. iii. 21. 12. What office do the Scriptures OsScrihe to faith in sandifi- cation ? Faith is the first grace in order exercised by the soul conse- quent upon regeneration, and the root of all other graces in principle. — Acts xv. 9 ; xxvi. 18. It is instrumental in securing sanctification therefore — 1st. By securing the change of the believer's relation to God and to the law, as a condition of life and favor. — See above, Question 6. 2d. By securing his union with Christ. — 1 Cor. xiii. ; Gal. ii. 20; Col. iii. 3. 3d. It is sanctifying in its own nature, since, in its wddest sense, faith is that spiritual state of the soul in wdiich it holds living active communion with spiritual truth. \"By this faith a Christian believeth to be true, whatsoever is revealed in the word, for the authority of God himself speaking therein; and acteth differently, upon that which every particular passage thereof containeth; yielding obedience to tlie commands, trem- bling to the threatenings, and embracing the promises of God NO DISTINCTION BETWEEN COUNSELS AND PRECEPTS. 525 for this life, and that which is to come.\" — \"Conf. Faith,\" ch. 14, § 2. 13. What, according to Scripture, is necessary to constitute a good ivork ? 1st. That it should spring from a right motive, {. e., love for God's character, regard for his authority, and zeal for his glory; love as a fruit of the Spirit, if not always consciously present, yet reigning as a permanent and controlling principle in the soul. 2d. That it be in accordance with his revealed law. — Deut. xii. 32; Isa. i. 11, 12; Col. ii. 16-23. 14. What is the Popish doctrine as to ^Hhe counsels\" of Christ, which are not indvded in the positive precepts of tJie law ? The positive commands of Christ are represented as binding on all classes of Christians alike, and their observance necessary in order to salvation. His counsels, on the other hand, are binding only upon those who, seeking a higher degree of per- fection and a more excellent reward, voluntarily assume them. These are such as celibacy, voluntary poverty, etc., and obedi- ence to rule (monastic). — Bellarmin, \"de Monachis,\" Cap. vii. The wickedness of this distinction is evident — 1st. Because Christ demands the entire consecration of every Christian : after we have done all we are only unprofitable ser- vants. Works of supererogation, therefore, are impossible. 2d. All such will worship is declared abhorrent to God. — Col. ii. 18-23; 1 Tim. iv. 3. 15. WJiat judgment is to be formed of the good works of unre- newed men? Unrenewed men retain some dispositions and affections in themselves relatively good, and they do many things in them- selves right, and according to the letter of God's law. Yet — 1st. As to his person, every unrenewed man is under God's wrath and curse, and consequently can do nothing pleasing to him. The rebel in arms is in every thing a rebel until he sub- mits and returns to his allegiance. 2d. Love for God and regard to his authority are never his supreme motive in any of his acts. Thus while many of his actions are civilly good as respects his fellow-men, none of them can be spiritually good as it respects God. There is an obvious distinction between an act viewed in itself, and viewed in con- nection with its agent. The sinner, previous to justification and renewal, is a rebel; each one of his acts is the act of a 526 SANCTIFICATION. rebel, though as considered in itself any single act may be either good, bad, or indifferent.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "184", "sort_key": 184, "group": "Chapter XXXV", "question": "In  what  sense  are  good  ivorTxS  necessary  for  salvation?", "answer": "As the necessary and invariable fruits of both the change of relation accomplished in justification, and of the change of nature accomplished in regeneration, though never as the meritorious grounds or conditions of our salvation. This necessity results, 1st, from the holiness of God ; 2d, from his eternal purpose, Eph. i. 4; ii. 10; 3d, from the design and redemptive efficacy of Christ's death, Eph. v. 25-27; 4th, from the union of the believer with Christ, and the energy of his indwelling Spirit, John xv. 5; Gal. v. 22; 5th, from the very nature of faith, which first leads to and then works by love. Gal. V. 6 ; 6th, from the command of God, 1 Thes. iv. 6 ; ' 1 Pet. i. 15 ; 7th, from the nature of heaven, Eev. xxi. 27.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "185", "sort_key": 185, "group": "Chapter XXXV", "question": "What  is  the  theory  of  the  Antinoynians  upon  this  subject  ?", "answer": "Antinomians are, as their name signifies, those who deny that Christians are bound to obey the law. They argue that, as Christ has in our place fulfilled both the preceptive and the penal departments of God's law, his people must be deliA^ered from all obligation to observe it, either as a rule of duty or as a condition of salvation. — See above, Question 3, Chap. XXV. It is evident that all sj'stems of Perfectionism, which teach (as the Pelagian and Oberlin theories) that men's ability to obey is the measure of their responsibility, or (as the Papal and Arminian theories) that God, for Christ's sake, has gra- ciously reduced his demand from absolute moral perfection to faith and evangelical obedience, are essentially Antinomian. Because they all agree in teaching that Christians in this life are no longer under obligations to fulfil the Adamic law of absolute moral perfection. Paul, in the 6th chapter of Romans, declares that this damn- able heresy was charged as a legitimate consequent vipon his doctrine in that day. He not only repudiates the charge, but, on the contrary, affirms that free justification through an im- puted righteousness, without the merits of works, is the only Eossible condition in which the sinner can learn to bring forth oly works as the fruits of filial love. The very purpose of Christ was to redeem to himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works, and this he accomplished by delivering them from the federal bondage of the law, in order to render them capable as the Lord's freed men of moral conformity to it, ever increas- ingly in this life, absolutely in the life to come. \"MERIT OF CONDIGNITY AND MERIT OF CONGRUITY:' 527 18. Wliat are the different senses ivJiich have been applied to the term ^^ merit\"? It has been technically used in two different senses. 1st. Strictly, to designate the common quality of all services to which a reward is due, ex justicia, on account of their intrinsic value and dignity. 2d. Improperly, it was used by the Fathers as equivalent to that which results in or attains to a reward or consequent, without specifying the ground or virtue on account of which it is secured. — Turretin, L. xvii., Qusestio 5. 19. What distinction does the Bomish Church design to signal- ize hy the terms ^^ merit of comlignity\" and tJie ^'' merit of congruity'\" ? The \" merit of condignity \" they teach attaches only to works wrought subsequently to regeneration by the aid of divine grace, and is that degree of merit that intrinsically, and in the way of equal right, not b}^ mere promise or covenant, deserves the reward it attains at God's hands. The \"merit of congruity\" they teach attaches to those good dispositions or works which a man may, previously to regeneration, realize without the aid of divine grace, and which makes it congruous or specially fitting for God to reward the agent by infusing grace into his heart. It is extremely difficult to determine the exact position of the Romish Church on this subject, since different schools of theologians in her midst differ widely, and the decisions of the Council of Trent are studiously ambiguous. The general be- lief appears to be that ability to perform good works springs from grace infused into the sinner's heart for Christ's sake, through the instrumentality of the sacraments, but that after- wards these good works merit, that is, lay for us the founda- tion of a just claim to salvation and glory. Some say, like Bellarmin, \"De Justific,\" 5, 1, and 4, 7, that this merit attaches to the good works of Christians intrinsically, as well as in con- sequence of God's promise; others that these works deserve the reward only because God has promised the reward on the condition of the work. — \"Coun. Trent,\" Sess. vi., Cap. xvi., and canons 24 and 32. 20. What is necessary that a loorh shoidd he in the proper sense of the term meritorious ? Turretin makes five conditions necessary to that end. 1st. That the work be not of debt, or which the worker was under obligation to render. — Luke xvii. 10. 2d. That it is our own, i. e., effected by our own natural energy. 3d. That it be per- fect. 4th. That it be equal to the reward merited. 5th. That 528 SANCTIFICATION. the reward be of justice due to such an act. — Turretin, L. xvii., Qusestio 5. According to this definition, it is evident, from the absohite dependence and obligation of the creature, that he can never merit any reward for whatever obedience he may render to the commands of his Creator. 1st. Because all the strength he works with is freely given by God. 2d. All the service he can render is owed to God. 3d. Nothing he can do can equal the reward of God's favor and eternal blessedness. Under the covenant of works, God graciously promised to reward the obedience of Adam with eternal life. This was a reward, however, not of merit, but of free grace and promise. Every tiling under that constitution depended upon the stand- ing of the person before God. As long as Adam continued without sin, his services were accepted and rewarded according to promise. But from- the moment he forfeited the promise, and lost his standing before God, no work of his, no matter of what character, could merit any thing at the hand of God. 21. How can it be proved that our good loorks, even after the restoration of our person to Gods favor by justification, do not merit heaven ? 1st. Justification proceeds upon the infinite merits of Christ, and on that foundation rests our title to the favor of God and all the infinite consequences thereof Christ's merit, lying at the foundation and embracing all, excludes the possibility of our meriting any thing. 2d. The law demands perfect obedience. — Rom. iii. 23; Gal. v. 3. 3d. We are saved by grace not by works. — Eph. ii. 8, 9. 4th. All good dispositions are graces or gifts of God.— 1 Cor. xv. 10; Phil. ii. 13; 1 Thess. ii. 13. 5th. Eternal life itself is declared to be the gift of God. — 1 John V. 11. 22. What do the Scriptures teach concerning the good ivories of believers, and the reivards promised to them ? Both the work and its reward are branches from the same gracious root. The covenant of grace provides alike for the infusion of grace in the heart, the exercise of this grace in the life, and the rewards of that grace so exercised. It is all of grace, grace for grace, grace added to grace, presented to us in this form of a reward: 1st. That it may act upon us as a rational motive to diligent obedience. 2d. To mark that the gift of heaven and eternal blessedness is an act of strict legal justice (1) in respect to the perfect merits of Christ, (2) in re- spect to God's faithful adherence to his own free promise. — 1 John i. 9. 3d. To indicate that the heavenly reward stands in PERFECTIONISM: PELAGIAN VIEW. 529 a certain gracious proportion to the grace given in the obedi- ence on earth; (1) because God so wills it, Matt. xvi. 27; 1 Cor. iii. 8 ; (3) because the grace given on earth prepares the soul to receive the grace given in heaven, 2 Cor. iv. 17. Is PERFECT SaNCTIFICATION ATTAINABLE BY BeLIEVERS IN ChRIST IN THIS Life?", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "186", "sort_key": 186, "group": "Chapter XXXV", "question": "What,  in  general  terms,  is  perfectionism  ?", "answer": "The various theories of perfectionism all agree in maintain- ing that it is possible for a child of God in this world to become, 1st, perfectly free from sin, 2d, conformed to the law under which they now live. They differ very variously among them- selves, however, 1st, as to what sin is; 2d, as to what law we are now obliged to fulfil; 3d, as to the means whereby this perfection may be attained, whether by nature or by grace. 24. Hoiv does the Pelagian theory of the nature of man and of grace lead to perfectionism ? Pelagians maintain, 1st, as to man's nature, that it was not radically corrupted by the fall, and that every man possesses sufficient power to fulfil all the duties required of him, since God can not in justice demand that which man has not full power to do. 2d. As to God's grace, that it is nothing more than the favorable constitution of our own minds, and the in- fluence exerted on them by the truth he has revealed to us, and the propitious circumstances in which he has placed us. Thus in the Christian church, and with the Christian revelation, men are, in fact, placed in the most propitious circumstances possible to persuade them to perform their duties. It follows from this system directly that every one who wishes may certainly attain perfection by using his natural powers and advantages of posi- tion with sufficient care. — \" Wigger's Historical View of Augus- tinianism and Pelagianism.\" 25. What, according to the Pelagian theory, is tJie nature of the sin from lohich man may be perfectly free; what the laiv luhich he may perfectly fulfil, and ivhat are the means by ivhich this per- fection may be attained? They deny original and inherent corruption of nature, and hold that sin is only voluntary transgression of known law, from which any man may abstain if he will. As to the la.w which man in his present state may perfectly fulfil, they hold that it is the single and original law of God, the requirements of which, however, in the case of every indi- 34 530 -S\"--^ NC T I PICA TIOJV. vicinal subject, are measured by the individual's ability, and opportunities of\" knowledge. As to the means whereby this perfection may be attained, they maintain the plenary ability of man's nattu'al will to discharge all the obligations resting upon him, and they admit the assistance of God's grace only in the sense of the influence of the truth, and other propitious circumstances in persuading man to use his own power. Thus the means of perfect sanctitication are, 1st, man's own volition, 2d, as helped by the study of the Bible, prudent avoidance of temptation, etc.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "187", "sort_key": 187, "group": "Chapter XXXV", "question": "In  what  sense  do  Romanists  hold  the  doctrine  of  perfection?", "answer": "The decisions of the Council of Trent upon the subject, as upon all critical points, are studiously ambiguous. They lay down the principle that the law must be possible to them iipon whom it is binding, since God does not command impossibili- ties. Men justified (sanctified) may by the grace of God dwell- ing in them satisfy the divine law, pro htijus vitce statu, i. e., as graciously for Christ's sake adjusted to our present capacities. They confess, nevertheless, that the just may fall into venial sins every day, and that while in the flesh no man can live entirely without sin (unless by a special privilege of God); yet that in this life the renewecl can fully keep the divine law; and even by the observance of the evangelical counsels do more than is commanded; and thus, as many saints have actually done, lay up a fund of supererogatory merit. — \"Council of Trent,\" Session vi. Compare Chap. xi. and xvi., and Canons 18, 23, and 32. See above. Question 14. 27. In lohat sense do they hold that the reneived may, in this life live loithout sin ; in ivhat sense fully satisfy the law ; and by the use of ivhat means do they teach that this perfection may he attained ? As to sin, they hold the distinction between mortal and venial sins, and that the concupiscence that remains in the bosom of the renewed, as the result of original and the fuel of actual sin, is not itself sin, since sin consists only in the consent of the will to the impulse of concupiscence. In accordance with these views they hold that a Christian in this life may live Avithout committing mortal sins, but that he never can be free from the inward movements of concupiscence, nor from liability to fall through ignorance, inattention, or passion, into venial sins. As to the lav), which a believer in this life may fully satisfy, they hold that as God is just and can not demand of us what PERFECTIONISM: AKMINIAN VIEW. 531 is impossible, his law is gvacionsly adjusted to our present ca- pacities, as assisted by grace, and that it is this law i^ro liujus vitce statu, which we may fulfil. As to the means whereby this perfection may be attained, they hold that divine grace precedes, accompanies, and follows all of our good works, which divine grace is to be sought through those sacramental and priestly channels which Christ has instituted in his church, and especially in the observance of works of prayer, fasting, and alms deeds, and the acquisition of supererogatory merit by the fulfilment of the counsels of Christ to chastity, obedience, and voluntary poverty. — \"Council of Trent,\" Sess. xiv.. Chapter v., Sess. vi.. Chapters xi. and xii., Sess. v., Canon 5; \"Cat. Rom.,\" Part II., Chapter ii.. Question 32, and Part II., Chapter v., Question 59, and Part III., Chapter X., Questions 5-10. 28. In ivhat form loas the doctrine taught hy the early Ar- minians ? Arminius declared that his mind was in suspense upon this subject (\"Writings of Arminius,\" translated by Nichols, Vol. I., p. 256). His immediate successors in the theological leadership of the remonstrant party, developed a theory of perfectionism apparently identical with that taught by Wesley, and professed by his disciples. \"A man can, with the assistance of divine grace, keep all the commandments of God perfectly, according to the gospel or covenant of grace. The highest evangelical perfection (for we are not teaching a legal perfection, which includes sinlessness entire in all respects and in the highest degree, and excludes all imperfection and infirmity, for this we believe to be impossible), embraces two things, 1st, a per- fection proportioned to the powers of each individual; 2d, a desire of making continual progress and increasing one's strength more and more.\" — Episcopius, quoted by Dr. G. Peck, \"Christian Perfection,\" pp. 135 and 136.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "188", "sort_key": 188, "group": "Chapter XXXV", "question": "What  is  the  Wesleyan  doctrine  on  this  subject  ?", "answer": "1st. That although every believer as soon as he is justified is regenerated, and commences the incipient stages of sanctifi- cation, yet this does not exclude the remains of much inherent sin, nor the warfare of the flesh against the Spirit, which may continue for a long time, but which must cease at some time before the subject can be fit for heaven. 2d. This state of progressive sanctification is not itself per- fection, which is properly designated by the phrases \" entire,\" or \"perfect santification.\" This, sooner or later, every heir of glory must experience; although the majority do not reach it 532 SANCTIFICA TION. long before death, it is the attainment of some in the midst of life, and consequently it is the dnty and privilege of all to desire, strive for, and expect its attainment now. 3d. This state of evangelical perfection does not consist in an ability to fulfil perfectly the original and absolute law of holiness under which Adam was created, nor does it exclude all liability to mistake, or to the infirmities of the flesh, and of natural temperament, but it does exclude all inward disposition to sin as well as all outward commission of it, since it consists in a state in which perfect faith in Christ and perfect love for God fills the whole soul and governs the entire life, and thus fulfils all the requirements of the \" law of Christ,\" mider which alone the Christian's probation is now held.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "189", "sort_key": 189, "group": "Chapter XXXV", "question": "In  ivhat  sense  do  they  teach  that  men  may  live  ivithont  sin  ?", "answer": "Mr. Wesley did not himself use, though he did not object to, the phrase \" sinless perfection.\" He distinguished between \" sin, properly so called, i. e., a voluntary transgression of a known law, and sin, improperly so called, i. e., an involuntary trangression of a divine law, known or unknown,\" and declared \" I believe there is no such perfection in this life as excludes these involuntary transgressions, which I apprehend to be nat- urally consequent on the ignorance and mistakes inseparable from mortality.\" He also declares that the obedience of the perfect Christian \" can not bear the rigor of God's justice, but needs atoning blood,\" and consequently the most perfect \" must continually say, ' forgive us our trespasses,' \" and Dr. Peck says that the holier men are here \" the more they loathe and abhor themselves.\" On the other hand they hold that a Christian may in this life attain to a state of perfect and constant love, which fulfils perfectly all the requirements of the gospel cove- nant. Violations of the original and absolute law of God are not counted to the believer for sin, since for him Christ has been made the end of that law for righteousness, and for Christ's sake he has been delivered from that law and been made sub- ject to the \" law of Christ,\" and that only is sin to the Christian which is a violation of this law of love. See Mr. Wesley's \" Tract on Christian Perfection,\" in the volume of \" i\\Iethodist Doctrinal Tracts,\" pp. 294, 310, 312, and Dr. Peck's \"Christian Doc. of Perfection,\" p. 204. 31. What law do they say the Christian can in this life per- fectly obey ? Dr. Peck says, p. 244, \"To fallen humanity, though renewed by grace, perfect obedience to the moral law is inpracticable during the present probationary state. And consequently Chris- PERFECTIONISM:' OBERLIN VIEW. 533 tian perfection does not imply perfect obedience to the moral law.\"Peck, p. 244. This moral law they hold to be imiversal and unchangea- ble, all moral agents are under perpetual o1:>ligation8 to fulfil it, and they are in no degree released therefrom by their loss of ability through sin. — Peck, p. 271. This law sustains, how- ever, a twofold i-elation to the creature. 1st. It is a rule of being and acting. 2d. It is a condition of acceptance.  In con- sequence of sin, it became impossible for men to obtain salva- tion by the law, and therefore Christ appeared and rendered to this law perfect satisfaction in our stead, and thus is for us the end of the law for righteousness. This law, therefore, remain- ing forever as a rule of duty, is abrogated by Christ as a condi- tion of our acceptance. \"Nor is any man living bound to observe the Adamic more than the Mosaic law (I mean it is not the condition either of present or future salvation.)\" — \"Doc- trinal Tracts,\" p. 332. \" The gospel, which is the law of love, the ' law of liberty,' offers salvation upon other terms, and yet provides the vindication of the broken law. The condition of justification at first is faith alone, and the condition of continued acceptance is faith icorJdng by hue. There are degrees of faith, and degrees of love. . . . Perfect faith and perfect lov« is Christian perfection.\" \"Christian character is estimated by the conditions of the gospel ; Christian perfection implies the per- fect performance of these conditions and nothing more.\" 32. By what means do they teach this 'perfection is to he at- tained? Wesley says, \" I believe this perfection is always wrought in the soul by a simple act of faith, consequently in an instant. But I believe there is a gradual work, both preceding and fol- lowing that instant.\" — Quoted by Dr. Peck, pp. 47, 48. They hold that this entire sanctification is not to be effected through either the strength or the merit of man, but entirely of grace, for Christ's sake, by the Holy Ghost, through the in- strumentalit}^ of faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, which faith in- volves our believing, 1st, \" in the sufficiency of the provisions of the gospel for the complete deliverance of the soul from sin.\" 2d. \"That these provisions are made for «s.\" 3d. \"That this blessing is for us noiu.\" — Peck, \"Ch. Doc. Sane,\" pp. 405-407.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "190", "sort_key": 190, "group": "Chapter XXXV", "question": "Whcd  is  the  Oherlin  doctrine  of  perfection?", "answer": "\" It is a full and perfect discharge of our entire duty, of all existing obligations to God, and all other beings. It is perfect obedience to the moral law.\" This is God's original and uni- 534 S A NOTIFICATION. versal law, which, however, always, not because of grace, but of sheer justice, adjusts its demands to the measure of the pres- ent ability of the subject. The law of God can not now justly demand that we should love him as we might have done if we had always improved our time, etc. Yet a Christian may now attain to a state of \"perfect and disinterested benevolence,\" may be, \"according to his knowledge, as upright as God is,\" and as \"perfectly conformed to the will of God as is the will of the inhabitants of heaven.\" And this, Mr. Finney appears to teach, is essential for even the lowest stage of genuine Christian ex- perience. The amount of the matter appears to be, God has a right to demand only that which we have the power to render; therefore, it follows that we have full power to render all that God demands, and, therefore, we may be as perfectly conformed to his will as it regards us, as the inhabitants of heaven are to his will as it regards them.\" Pres. ]\\Iahan, \" Scripture Doctrines of Christian Perfection,\" and Prof Finney, \" Oberlin Evangelist,\" Vol. IV., No. 19, and Vol. IV., No. 15, as quoted by Dr. Peck. 34. State the points of agreement and disagreement betiveen these several theories, Pelagian, jRomish, Arminian, and Oherlin? 1st. They all agree in maintaining that it is possible for men in this life to attain a state in Avhich they may habitually and perfectly fulfil all their obligations, i. e., to be and do perfectly all that God requires them to be or do at present. 2d. The Pelagian theory differs from all the rest, in denying the deterioration of our natural and moral powers, and conse- quently, in denying the necessity of the intervention of super- nmin-al grace to the end of making men perfect. 3d. The Pelajndau and Oberlin theories agree in making the original moral law of God the standard of perfection. The Oberlin theologians, however, admitting that our powers are deteriorated by sin, hold that God's law, as a matter of sheer justice, adjusts its demands to the present ability of the subject. The Romish tlieory regards the same law as the standard of perfection, bflt differs from the Pelagian theory in maintaining that the demands of this law are adjusted to man's deteriorated pQwers; and on the other hand, it differs from the Oberlin the- ory, .by holding that* he lowering of the demands of this law in adjustment to the enfeebled powers of man, instead of being of sheer justice, is of grace for the merits of Christ. The Ar- minian theory differs from all the rest in denying that the orig- inal law is the standard of evangelical perfection; in holding that that law having been •fulfilled by Christ, the Christian is now required only to fulfil the requirements of the gospel cove- PERFECTIONISM : ARGUMENTS. 535 nant of grace. This, however, appears to differ more in form than essence from the Romish position in this regard. 4th. Tlie Romish and Arminian theories acjvee — 1st. In admitting that the perfect Christian is still liable to transgress the provisions of the original moral law, and that he is subject to mistakes and infirmities. The Romanist calls them venial sins; the Arminian, mistakes or infirmities. 2d. In referring all the work of making man perfect to the efficiency of the Holy Ghost, who is given for Christ's sake. But they differ, on the other hand, 1st, as to the nature of that faith by which sanctification is effected, and, 2d, as to the merit of good works. 35. Wliat are tlie arguments upon lohich perfectionists sustain their theory, and how may they he ansivered? 1st. They argue that this perfection is attainaUe in this life, (1.) From the commands of God, who never will command impossibilities. — Matt. v. 48. (2.) From the fact that abundant provision has already been made in the gospel for securing the perfect sanctification of God's people ; in fact, all the provision that ever will be made. (3.) From the promises of God to redeem Israel from all his iniquities, etc. — Ps. cxxx. 8; Ezek. xxxvi. 25-29; 1 John i. 7, 9. (4.) From the prayers of saints recorded in Scripture with implied approval. — Ps. li. 2 ; Heb. xiii. 21. 2d. They argue that this perfection has in. fact been attained, (1.) From biblical examples, as David. — Acts xiii. 22. See also Gen. vi. 9; Job i. 1; Luke i. 6. (2.) Modern examples — Peck's \" Christian Perfection,\" pp. 365-396. ^ We ANSWER — ^r 1st. The Scriptures never assert that a Christian may in this life attain to a state in which he may live withoi^t sin. 2d. The meaning of special passages must be interpreted in consistency with the entire testimony»of Scripture. 3d. The language of Scripture never implies that man may here live without sin. The commands of God are adjusted to man's responsibility, and the aspirations and j^ayers 'of the saints to their duties and ultimate privileges, and not ta their present ability. Perfection is the true ^m of the Christian's effort in every period of growth and in Wery act. The^lprms \"perfect\" and \"blameless\" are often»relative, or used to sig- nify simple genuineness or ^ncerity. This is evident from the recorded fact — 4th. That all the perfect men of the Scriptures sometimes sinned; witness the histories of Noah, Job, David, Paul, and compare Gen. vi. 9, with Gen. ix. 21, and Job i. 1, with Job iii. 1, 536 SANCTIFICA TION.. and ix. 20; also see Gal. ii. 11, 14; Ps. xix. 12; Eom. vii. ; Gal. V. 17; Phil. iii. 12-14. 36. What S2xcicd objedioivs hear against the Pelagian theory of perfection ? This is a part of a wholly Anti-Christian system. Its con- stituent elements are a denial of the Scripture testimony with regard to original sin, and the work of the Spirit of grace in effectual calling, and an assertion of man's ability to save him- self It involves low views of the guilt and tiirpitude of sin, and of the extent, spirituality, and michangeableness of God's holy law. This is the only perfectly consistent theory of perfec- tion ever ventilated, and in the same proj)ortion it is the most thoroughly unchristian.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "191", "sort_key": 191, "group": "Chapter XXXV", "question": "What  special  ohjections  hear  against  the  Romish  theory  ?", "answer": "This theory is inconsistent — 1st. With the true nature of sin. It denies that concupis- cence is sin, and admits as such only those deliberate acts of the will which assent to the impulse of concupiscence. It distin- guishes between mortal and venial sins. The truth is that every sin is mortal, and concupiscence, \"sin dwelling in me,\" \"law in my members,\" is of the very essence of sin. — Rom. vii. 8-23. 2d. It is inconsistent with the nature of God's holy law, which is essentially immutable, and the demands of which have never been lowered in accommodation to the weakened faculties of men. 3d. It is essentially connected with their theory of the merit of good works, and of the higher merit of works of supererogation which is radically subversive of the essentials of the gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "192", "sort_key": 192, "group": "Chapter XXXV", "question": "What  special  ohjections  hear  against  the  Oherlin  theory  ?", "answer": "This theory appears to assimilate more nearly than the others with the terrible self-consistency and the Anti-Christian spirit of the Pelagian view. It differs from that heresy, how- ever, in holding — 1st. That the law of God is. as a matter of sheer justice, accommodated to the weakened faculties of men. 2d. That the shortcomings of men in the present life, as meas- ured by the original law of God, are not sin, since a man's duty is measured only by his ability. 3d. In making the principle of this perfection to consist in \"perfect and disinterested benevolence.\" In all these respects, also, this theory is incon- sistent with the true nature of God's law, the true nature of sin, and the true nature of virtue. PERFECTIONISM : OBJECTIONS. 537", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "193", "sort_key": 193, "group": "Chapter XXXV", "question": "What  special  ohjections  hear  against  the  Arminian  theory  ?", "answer": "This view, as presented by the Wesleyan standard writers, is far less inconsistent with the principles and spirit of Chris- tianity than either of the others, and consequently it is pre- cisely in the same proportion less self-consistent as a theory, and less accurate in its use of technical language. These Chris- tian brethren are to be honored for their exalted views, and earnest advocacy of the duty of pressing forward to the high- est measures of Christian attainment, while it is to be forever lamented that their great founder was so far misled by the prejudices of system as to bind in unnatural alliance so much precious truth with a theory and terminology proper only to radical error. I will make here, once for all, the general ex- planation, that when stating the Arminian doctrine on any point, I have generally preferred to refer to the form in which the doctrine was explicitly defined by the Dutch Remonstrants, rather than to the modified, and, as it seems to me, far less logically definite form in which it is set forth by the author- ities of the Wesleyan churches, who properly style themselves '■''Evangelical Arminians.\" I attribute the peculiar theoretical indefiniteness which appears to render their definitions obscure, especially on the subjects of justification and of perfection, to the spirit of a warm, loving, working Christianity struggling with the false premises of an Arminian philosophy. 1st. While over and over insisting upon the distinction as to the twofold relation sustained by the original law of God to man (1) as a rule of being and acting, (2) as a condition of divine favor, their whole .theory is based upon a logical con- fusion of these two things so distinct. Dr. Peck teaches ear- nestly, and confirms by many Wesleyan testimonies, excellent Calvinistic d-octrine upon the following points: The original law of God is universal and unchangeable, its demands never can be changed nor compromised. Obedience to this law was the condition of the original covenant of works. This condi- tion was broken by Adam, but, in our behalf, perfectly fulfilled by Christ, and thus the integrity of God's changeless law was preserved. Therefore, he goes on to argue, the believer is no longer under the law, but under the covenant of gi'ace, i. e., to use Weslej'^'s own qualifying parenthesis, \"as the condition of either present or future salvation.\" Certainly, we ansicer, Christ is the end of the law for us for righteousness, in its forensic sense, that is, to secure our jvistification, but sui'ely Christ did not satisfy that changeless law, in our place, in such a sense that it does not remain our rule of action, to which it is our duty to be personally conformed. The question of per- 538 SANCTIFICA TION. fection is one wliich relates to onr personal character, not to our relations; it is moral and inherent, and not forensic. To prove, thereibre, what we also rejoice to believe, that the orig- inal law of God, under the gospel covenant, is no Longer onr condiiion of salvation, does not avail one iota towards proving that God, under the gospel, demands an obedience adjusted to any easier standard than was required before. 2d. This theory is part of the Arminian view of the covenant of grace, which we regard so inconsistent with the gospel, and which Mr. Watson (see \"Institutes,\" Part II., Chap, xxiii.) ap- pears to attempt to avoid while refusing to admit the imputa- tion to the believer of Christ's righteousness. This view is, that by Christ's propitiation, he having fulfilled the original law of God, it is made consistent with divine justice to present salvation upon easier conditions, i. e., faith and evangelical obe- dience; Christian perfection requiring nothing more than the perfect fulfilment of these new gracious conditions. Now this view, besides confounding the ideas of law, and of covenant, of a rule, and of a condition, of a ground of justification, and of a standard of sanctification, is inconsistent with the broad teachings of the gospel concerning the righteousness of Christ, and the office of faith in justification. It makes the merit of Christ only in some uncertain and distant way the occasion of our salvation, and faith, and evangelical obedience, in the place of perfect obedience under the old covenant, the ground instead of the mere instrument and fruit of our justification. Logically developed, this theory must lead to the Romish doc- trine as to the merit of good works. 3d. This theory denies that mistij^es and infirmities result- ing from the effects of original sin, are themselves sin, yet admits that they are to be confessed, forgiveness implored for them, and the atonement of Christ's blood applied to them, and that the more perfect a man becomes the more he abhors his own internal state. Surely this is a confusion of language, and abuse of the word sin. What is sin but (1) that which trans- gresses God's original law, (2) which needs Christ's atonement, (3) which should [)e confessed, and must be forgiven, (4) which lays a proper foundation for self-abhorrence. 40. What exiwess declarations of Scripture are contradicted by every possible modification of the theory of Christian perfection? 1 Kings viii. 46; Pro v. xx. 9; Eccle. vii. 20; James iii. 2; 1 John i. 8. 41. Hoio may it he shown to he in opposition to the experience of saints, as recorded in the Scriptures ? PERFECTIONISM DISPROVED. 539 See Paul's account of himself, Rom. vii. 14-25; Phil. iii. 12-14. See case of David, Ps. xix. 12; Ps. li. ; of Moses, Ps. xc. 8; of Job, Job xlii. 5, 6; of Daniel, ix. 20. See Luke xviii. 13; Gal. ii. 11-13; vi. 1; James v. 16. 42. How does it confiid tvith the ordinary experience of God's people ? The more holy a man is, the more humble, self-renouncing, self-abhorring, and the more sensitive to every sin he becomes, and the more closely he clings to Christ. The moral imperfec- tions which cling to him he feels to be sins, laments and strives to overcome them. Believers find that their life is a constant Avarfare, and tliey need to take the kingdom of heaven by storm, and watch while they pray. They are always subject to the con- stant chastisement of their Father's loving hand, which can only be designed to correct their imperfections, and to confirm their graces. And it has been notoriously the fact that the best Christians have been those who have been tlie least prone to 1 claim the attainment of perfection for themselves. 1", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "194", "sort_key": 194, "group": "Chapter XXXV", "question": "What  are  the  legitimate  practical  effects  of  perfectionism  ?", "answer": "The tendency of every such doctrine must be evil, except in so far as it is modified or counteracted by limiting or incon- sistent truths held in connection, which is pre-eminently the case with respect to the Wesleyan view, from the amount of pure gospel which in that instance the figment of perfectionism alloys. But perfectionism, by itself, must tend, 1st, to low views of God's law ; 2d, to inadequate views of the heinousness of sin ; 3d, to a low standard of moral excellence ; 4th, to spir- itual pride and fanaticism. AXTTHOBITATIVE STATEMENTS OF ChUBCH DoCTINE. EoiVnSH DOCTKINE AS TO THE MOEAIj PERFECTION OF THE ReGENEBATE, AS TO Good Wobks, and Wobks of Supebeeogation. As to their view of the MEBiT of good wobks, see above, Chap. XXXECI. '^ Cone. Trident.,\" Sess. 5, can. 5. — \"If any one denies, that, by the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, which is conferred in baptism, the guilt of original sin is remitted; or even asserts that the whole of that which has the true and proper nature of sin is not taken away; biit says that it is only rased, or not imputed; let him be anathema But this holy Synod confesses and is sensible, that in the baptized there remains concupiscence, or an incentive (to sin). . . . This concu- piscence, which the Apostle sometimes calls sin, the holy Synod declares that the Catholic Church has never understood it to be called sin, as being truly and properly sin in those horn af/ai/>, but because it is of sin, and inclines to sin. If any man is of a contrary sentiment, let him be anathema.\" 540 SANCTIFICA TION. \"Cone. Trident.\" Sess. 6, can. 18. — \"If anyone says that tlie com- mandments of God, even for one that is justified and constituted in grace, are impossible to keep, let him be anathema. \" Belliinnin, ''De Jusiijjc,\" iv. 10, sqq. — \"If precepts are impossible, they oblige no one, and hence the precejits are not precepts. Neither is it possible to devise wherein any one sins in respect to that which it is imjiossible to avoid.\" Ibid, \"De Monachis,\" caja. 7. — \"A 'council of perfection' we caU a good work, not commanded us by Christ, but declared; not aiapointed but commended. But it differs from a precept in respect to its matter, subject, form, and end. (1.) In respect to their matter (the difference) is twofold. First, because the matter of the precept is easier, that of the counsel more difficult, for the former is derived from the principles of nature, while the latter in some sense exceeds nature, e. g., for nature inclines to the preservation of conjugal fidelity, but not to ab.staining from the conjugal relation. Secondli/, because the matter of the precept is good . . . for the council includes the precept, which relates to the same matter, and adds something beyond the precejit. (2.) In re- spect to the subject, precepts and counsels difi'er, because the jarecept binds all men in common, while the counsel does not. (3.) In respect to their form they differ, because the precept binds of its own inherent obligation, but the counsel through the will of man. (4. ) In respect to their end or effects they differ, because the precept observed has a reward, but when not observed a penalty, but the counsel when not observed has no penalty, but when observed has the greater reward.\" Cap. 8. — \"It is the opinion of all Catholics that there are many true and proper evan- gelical counsels, but especially, viz., celibacy, j)overty, and obedience (monastic), which are neither commanded to all, nor matters of indiffer- ence, but grateful to God and by him commended (Matt. xix. 11, sq., 21; 1 Cor. vii. 1-7).\" Lutheran Docteine. '^Apolor/i/for Aufiburg Con/.,\" p. 91. — \"The entire Scriiiture and the whole church declare that the Law can not be satisfied (by any thing within man's power since the fall). This incomplete fulfilling of the law is accepted, not on its own account, but only through faith in Christ. Otherwise the Law always accuses us. . . In this infirmity there is always sin, which may be charged to our account (for condemnation).\" ^'Formula Cuncordice,\" p. 678. — \"The papal and monastic doctrine, that a man after he is regenerated is able perfectly to fulfill the law of God in this life, is to be rejected.\" lb., Y>. 589. — \"Our Confession is, that good works most surely and indubitably follow a true faith, as the fruits of a good tree. We also believe that good works are entirely to be left out of account, not only when we are treating of justification, but even when we are debating con- cerning oi;r eternal life.\" lb., 13. 700. — \" Because those are not good works, which any one him- seK devises with good intention, or which are done according to human traditions ; but those which God himself has jjrescribed and ordered in his own word. ' Because works truly good can be performed, not by the proper natiii-al powers, but then only when the person is, by faith, recon- ciled with God, and is renewed by the Spirit, and is created anew to good works, in Jesus Christ. \" Keformed Doctrine. '■'Heidellterg Odechism,\" Q. 62. — \"Our best works in the present life are all imperfect and stained with sin.\" AUTHORITATIVE STATEMENTS. 541 '\"niirty-nine Articles of the Church of England,\" Art. 12. — \"Albeit that Good Works, which are the fruits of faith, and follow after Justification, can not put away our sins, and endure the severity of God's judgment ; yet are they pleasing and acceptable to God in Christ, and do spring out necessarily of a true and lively faith; insomuch that by them a lively faith may be as evidently known as a tree discerned by the fruit. \" lb., Art. 14. — \" Voluntary works besides, over and above, God's com- mandments, which they call Works of Supererogation, can not be taught without arrogancy and impiety; for by them men do declare that they do not only render unto God as much as they are bound to do, but that they do more for his sake, than of bounden duty is requu-ed: whereas Christ saith jDlainly, When ye have done all that are commanded to you, say, We are unprofitable servants.\" \"■Confess. Helvetica posterior ,'''' p. 498. — \"We teach that God gives an ample reward to those doing good works. Yet we refer this reward that the Lord gives, not to the merit of the men receiving it, but to the goodness, liberality, and truth of God, who promises and bestows it ; who, while he owes nothing to any one, yet has promised that he will give a reward to his faithful worshippers.\" ''West. Conf. of Faith,'' ch. 16, | 4. — \" They who in their obedience attain to the greatest height which is possible in this life, are so far from being able to supererogate, and to do more than God requires, that they fall short of much, which in theu' duty they are bound to do \" (see the whole chapter). lb., chap. 13, I 2. — \"This sanctificatiou is throughout in the whole man, yet imperfect in this life: there abideth still some remnants of cor- rujition in every part, whence ariseth a continual and irreconcilable war, the flesh lusting against the Spirit, and the Spii'it against the flesh.\" ^ 3. — \" In which war, although the remaining corrujstion for a time may much prevail, yet, through the continual supply of strength from the sanctifying Spirit of Christ, the regenerate part doth overcome : and so the saints grow in grace, perfecting holiness in the fear of God. \"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "195", "sort_key": 195, "group": "Chapter XXXVI", "question": "Wliat  is  the  doctrine  of  the  Romish  Church  on  this  subject  ?", "answer": "\"Council of Trent,\" Sess. vi., Canon 23. \"If any one main- tain that a man once justified can not lose grace, and, therefore, that he who falls and sins never was truly justified, let him be accursed.\" — See below, under Eomish doctrine in this chapter, their view as to \"venial sins.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "196", "sort_key": 196, "group": "Chapter XXXVI", "question": "What  is  the  Anninian  doctrine  on  this  point  ?", "answer": "It is an inseparable part of the Arrainian system, flowing necessarily from their views of election, of the design and effect of Christ's death, and of sufficient grace and free will, that those who were once justified and regenerated may, by neglecting grace and grieving the Holy Spirit, fall into such sins as are inconsistent with true justifying faith, and continu- ing and dying in the same, may consequently finally fall into perdition. — \"Confession of the Remonstrants,\" xi. 7. The Lu- therans and the Arminians agree on this point. They both believe that the \"elect\" (those whom God has chosen to eter- nal life because he has certainly foreseen their perseverance in faith and obedience to the end) can not finally apostatize. The true question between them and the Calvinists, therefore, is not whether the \"elect,\" but whether those once truly \"regenerate and justified\" can finally apostatize and perish. 5. What objection is iirged against the orthodox doctrine on the ground of the free agency of man? Those who deny the certainty of the final perseverance of the saints hold the false theory that liberty of the will consists in indifference, or the power of contrary choice, and conse- quently that certainty is inconsistent with liberty. This fal- lacy is disproved above. Chap. XV., see especially Ques. 25, 2Q. That God does govern the free acts of his creatures, as a matter of fact, is clear from history and prophecy, from uni- versal Christian consciousness and experience, and from Script- ure.— Acts ii. 23; Eph. i. 11; Phil. ii. 13; Prov. xxi. 1. That he does secure the final perseverance of his people in a manner perfectly consistent with their free agency is also clear. He changes their affections and thus determines the will by its own free spontaniety. He brings them into the position of children by adoption, surrounding them with all of the sources and instruments of sanctifying influence, and when they sin he 544 PERSEVERANCE. carefully chastises and restores them. Hence the doctrine of Scripture is not that a man who has once truly believed is secure of ultimate salvation, subsequently feel and act as he may; but, on the contrary, that God secures the ultimate sal- vation of every one who is once truly united to his Son by faith, by securing, through the power of the Holy Ghost, his most free perseverance in Christian feeling and obedience to the end. 6. What objection is urged against the orthodox doctrine upon the ground of its supposed unfavorable iyifuence upon morality ? The objection charged is, that this doctrine, \"once in grace always in grace,\" must naturally lead to carelessness, through a false sense of security in our present position, and of confi- dence that God will secure our final salvation independently of our own agency. Although it is certain, on the part of God, that if we are elected and called, we shall be saved ; yet it requires constant watchfulness, and diligence, and prayer to make that calling and election sure to us. — 2 Pet. i. 10. That God powerfully works with us, and therefore secures for us success in our con- test with sin, is in Scripture urged as a powerful reason not for sloth, but for diligence. — Phil. ii. 13. The orthodox doctrine does not affirm certainty of salvation because we have once believed, but certainty of perseverance in holiness if we have truly believed, which perseverance in holiness, therefore, in opposition to all weaknesses and temptations, is the only sure evidence of the genuineness of past experience, or of the validity of our confidence as to our future salvation, and surely such an assurance of certainty can not encourage either carelessness or immorality. 7. What objection to this doctrine is founded on the exhortations to diligence; and on tJie ivarnings of danger in case of carelessness^ addressed to believers in the Scriptures ? The objection alleged is, that these exhortations and warn- ings necessarily imply the contingency of the believer's salva- tion, as conditioned upon the believer's continued faithfulness, and consequently involving liability to apostasy. We answer — 1st. The outward word necessarily comes to all men alike, addressing them in the classes in which they regard themselves as standing; and as professors, or \"those who think they stand,\" are many of them self-deceived, this outward word truly implies the uncertainty of their position (as far as man's knowledge goes), and their liability to fall. OBJECTIONS STATED AND ANSWERED. 545 2d. That God secures the perseverance in holiness of all his true people by the use of means adapted to their nature as rational, moral, and free agents. Viewed in themselves they are alwaj^s, as God warns them, unstable, and therefore, as he exhorts them, they must diligently cleave to his grace. It is always true, also, that if they apostatize they shall be lost; but by means of these very threatenings his Spirit graciously secures them from apostasy. 8. What special texts are relied upon to rebut the arguments of the orthodox upon this subject ? Ezek. xviii. 24; Matt. xiii. 20, 21; 2 Pet. ii. 20, 21, and espe- cially Heb. vi. 4-6 ; x. 26. All of these passages may be naturally explained in perfect consistency Avitli the orthodox docti'ine which is supported upon that wide range of Scripture evidence we have set forth above. Question 2. They present either, 1st, hypothetical warnings of the consequences of apostasy with the design of preventing it, by showing the natural consequences of indifference and of sin, and the necessity for earnest care and effort; or, 2d, they indicate the dreadful consequences of misimproving or of abus- ing the influences of common grace, which, although involving great responsibility, nevertheless come short of a radical change of nature or genuine conversion. 9. What argument do the opponents of this doctrine urge from Bible examples and from our own daily experience of apostates? They cite from the Scriptures such instances as that of David and Peter, and they refer to the many examples of the apos- tasy of well-accredited professors, with which, alas ! we are all familiar. All these examples, however, fall evidently under one of two classes, either, 1st, they were from the beginning without the real power of godliness, although bearing so fair an appear- ance of life in the sight of their fellow-men, Rom. ii. 28 ; ix. 6 ; 1 John ii. 19; Rev. iii. 1; or, 2d, they are true believers who, because of the temporary withdrawal of restraining grace, have been allowed to backslide for a time, while in every such case they are graciously restored, and that generally by chastise- ment.— Rev, iii. 19. Of this class were David and Peter. No true Christian is capable of deliberate apostasy; his furthest departure from righteousness being occasioned by the sudden impulse of passion or fear. — Matt. xxiv. 24 ; Luke xxii. 31. 546 PERSEVERANCE. AuTHOEITATrVE STATEMENTS OF ChuKCH DoCTEINE. EOMISH DOCTKINE. ^'■Conc. Trident.,''' Sess. 6, ch. 15. — \"It is to be maintained that the received grace of justificiition is lost, not only by infidelity, whereby even faith itself is lost, but also by any other mortal sin whatever, though faith be not lost.\" lb., can. 23. — \"If any one saith, that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he that falls and sins was never truly justified . . . let him be anathema.\" lb., chap. 11. — \"For, although, during this mortal life, men how holy and just soever, at times fall at least into hght and daily sins, which are also called venial, not therefore do they cease to be just.\" lb., Sess. 14, ch. 5. — \"For venial sins, whereby we are not excluded from the grace of God, and into which we fall more frequently, although they be rightly and profitably, and without any presumjition, declared in confession, as the custom of pious persons demonstrates, yet may they be omitted withoiit guilt, and be expiated by many other remedies. But, \"whereas all mortal sins, even those of thought, render men children of wrath, and enemies of God, it is necessary to seek also for the pardon of them all from God, with a modest and open confession.\" Bellarmia, \" De Amii^s. Ora.,\" Sess. 14, cap. 5.— \" (1.) Venial sin is distinguished from mortal sin, as of its own nature, and without any relation to the jsredestination or the mercy of God, or to the state of the regenerate, deserving a certain but not an eternal punishment. (2. ) These sins are either venial from their own nature, having for their object a thing evil and inordinate, but which does not oppose the love of God and of our neighbor — as an idle word, or they are venial from the imperfec- tion of the action, i. e., (a) such as are not perfectly voluntary (delib- erate), as arising from a sudden movement of cupidity or anger, and (b) such as relate to trifles, as the theft of one obolus.\" LtJTHEKAN Doctrine. \"Fonnxla Concoi'due,\" p. 705. — \"That false opinion is to be earnestly confuted and rejected, which certain feign, that faith, and realized jus- tification, and salvation itself, can not be lost by any sins or crimes whatsoever.\" lb., p. 591. — \"We condemn that dogma, that faith in Christ is not lost, and that the Holy Spirit continues to dwell none the less in a man, although he knowingly and willingly sins, and that the sanctified and elect retain the Holy Spirit, although they fall into adulteries or other crimes, and persevere in them.\" ''Apol. Aug. Con/.,\" p. 71. — \"Faith can not coexist with mortal sin.\" lb., !>. 86. — \"That faith, which receives remission of sins . . does not remain in those who indulge their lusts, neither can it coexist with mortal sin.\" Befokmed Doctrine. \" Can. of the Si/aod of Dart,\" ch. 5, c. 3.— \"Because of the remains of indwelling sin . . . the converted could not continue in this grace, if they were left to their own strength. But God is faithful, who confirms them in the grace once mercifully conferred on them, and pow- erfully preserves them in the same, even unto the end. Can. 4. — But though that power of God, confirming the truly faithful in grace, and preserving them, is greater than what can be overcome by the flesh, yet the converted are not always so influenced and moved by God, that they can not depart in certain ijarticular actions, from the leading of grace, AUTHORITATIVE STATEMENTS. 547 and be seduced by the lusts of tlie flesh, and obey them. They may fall even into grievous and atrocious sins Can. 5. — But by such enormous sins they exceedingly olfend God, they incur the guilt of death, they grieve the Holy Spirit, they interrupt the exercise of faith, they most grievously wound conscience, and they sometimes lose for a time the sense of grace, until by serious repentance returning into the way, the paternal countenance of God again shines upon them. Can. 6. For God, who is rich in mercy, from his immutable purpose of election, does not whollj^ take away his Holy Spirit from his own, even in lamen- table falls, nor does he so permit them to glide down that they should fall from the grace of adoption, and the state of justification, or commit the sin unto death, or against the Holy Spirit, that being deserted by him, they should cast themselves headlong into eternal destruction. . . Can. 8. — So that not by their own merits or strength, but by the gratui- tous mercy of God they (the elect) obtain it, that they neither totally fall from faith and grace, nor finally continue in their falls and perish.\" \" Wesit. Gonf. Faith,\" ch. 17, § 1.— \"They whom God hath accepted in his Beloved, elfectually called and sanctified by his Spirit, can neither totally nor finally fall away from the state of grace; but shall certainly persevere therein to the end, and be eternally saved. § 2. — This perse- verance of the saints depends not upon their own free-will, but upon the immutability of the decree of election, flowing from the free and un- changeable love of God the Father; upon the efiicacy of the merit and intercession of Jesus Christ; the abiding of the Spirit and of the seed of God within them, and the nature of the covenant of grace: from all which ariseth also the certainty and infallibility thereof.\" XXXVII. DEATH, AND THE STATE OF THE SOUL AFTER DEATH. 1. What department o/tJieology are we noiu entering^ and what subjects are embraced in it ? The department of Eschatology or the discussion of last things ra sdxara. It embraces the subjects of death, the state of the soul after death, the second advent of Christ, the resur- rection of the dead, the final judgment, the end of the world, heaven and hell.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "197", "sort_key": 197, "group": "Chapter XXXVI", "question": "By  ivhat  forms  of  expression  is  death  described  in  the  Bible?", "answer": "A departure out of this world. — 2 Tim. iv. 6. A going the way of all the earth. — Josh, xxiii. 14. A being gathered to one's fathers. Judges ii. 10; and to one's people, Deut. xxxii. 50. A dissolving the earthly house of this tabernacle. — 2 Cor. V. 1. A returning to the dust. — Eccle. xii. 7. A sleep. — John xi. 11. A giving up the ghost. — Acts v. 10. A being absent from the body and present Avith the Lord. — 2 Cor. v. 8. Sleep- ing in Jesus. — 1 Thess. iv. 14", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "198", "sort_key": 198, "group": "Chapter XXXVI", "question": "What  is  death  ?", "answer": "The suspension of the personal union between the body and the soul, followed by the resolution of the body_ into its chemical elements, and the introduction of the soul into that separate state of existence which may be assigned to it by its Creator and Judge. — Eccle. xii. 7.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "199", "sort_key": 199, "group": "Chapter XXXVI", "question": "Hoiv  does  death  stand  related  to  sin  ?", "answer": "The entire penalty of the law, including all the spiritual, physical, and eternal penal consequences of sin, is called death in Scripture. The sentence was, \"The day thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.\" — Gen. ii. 17; Rom. v. 12. That this in- cluded natural death is proved by Eom. v. 13, 14; and from the fact that when Christ bore the penalty of the law it was necessary for him to die. — Heb. ix. 22. IMMORTALITY OF THE SOUL. 549", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "200", "sort_key": 200, "group": "Chapter XXXVI", "question": "Why  do  the  justified  die  ?", "answer": "Justification changes the entire federal relation of its sub- ject to the law, and raises him forever above all the penal con- sequences of sin. Death, therefore, while remaining a part of the penalty of the unsatisfied law in relation to the unjust, is like all other afflictions changed, in relation to the justified, into an element of improving discipline. It is made necessary for them from the present constitution of the body, while it is to both body and soul the gateway of heaven. They are made free from its sting and fear. — 1 Cor. xv. 55, 57; Heb. ii. 15. They are now \" blessed \" in deatli because they die \" in the Lord,\" Rev. xiv. 13, and they shall at last be completely deliv- ered from its power when the last enemy shall be destroyed. 1 Cor. XV. 26. 6. What evidence have we of tJie immateriality of tJie soul, and what argument may he derived from that source in proof of its con- tinued existence after death ? For the evidence establishing the immateriality of the soul see Chap. II., Question 18. Now although the continued existence of any creature must depend simply upon the will of its Creator, that will may either be made known by direct revelation, or inferred in any partic- ular instance by analogical reasoning from what is known of his doings in other cases. As far as this argument from anal- ogy goes it decidedly confirms the belief that a spiritual sub- stance is, as such, immortal. The entire range of human ex- perience fails to make us acquainted with a single instance of the annihilation of an atom of matter, i. e., of matter as such. Material bodies, organized or chemically compounded, or mere mechanical aggregations, we observe constantly coming into existence, and in turn passing away, yet never through the an- nihilation of their elementary constituents or component parts, but simply from the dissolution of that relation which these parts had temporarily sustained to each other. Spirit, how- ever, is essentially simple and single, and therefore incapable of that dissolution of parts to which material bodies are subject. We infer, therefore, that spirits are immortal since they can not be subject to that only form of death of which we have any knowledge. 7. What arguinent in favor of the immortality of the soul may he derived from its imperfect development in this ivorld ? In every department of organized life every individual crea- ture, in its normal state, tends to grow toward a condition 550 STATE OF THE SOUL AFTER DEATH. of complete development, which is the perfection of its kind. The acorn both prophesies and groAvs toward the oak. Every human being, however, is conscious that in this life he never attains that completeness which the Creator contemplated in the ideal of his type ; he has faculties undeveloped, capacities unfulfilled, natural desires unsatisfied ; he knows he was de- signed to be much more than he is, and to fill a much higlier sphere. As the prophetic reason of the Creator makes provi- sion for the butterfly through the instinct of the caterpillar, so the same Creator reveals the immortal existence of the soul in a higher sphere by means of its conscious limitations and in- stinctive movements in this. 8. Wliat argument on this subject may he derived fr<ym the dis- trihutive justice of God? It is an invariable judgment of natural reason, and a funda- mental doctrine of the Bible, that moral good is associated with happiness, and moral evil with misery, by the unchangeable nature and purpose of God. But the history of all individuals and communities alike establishes the fact that this life is not a state of retribution ; that here wickedness is often associated with prosperity, and moral excellence with sorrow; we must hence conclude that there is a future state in which all that appears at present inconsistent with the justice of God shall be adjusted. — See Ps. Ixxiii.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "201", "sort_key": 201, "group": "Chapter XXXVI", "question": "Hoiu  do  the  operations  of  conscience  point  to  a  future  state  ?", "answer": "Conscience is the voice of God in the soul, which witnesses to our sinfulness and ill-desert, and to his essential justice. Except in the case of those who have fovnid refuge in the righteousness of Christ, every man feels that his moral rela- tions to God are never settled in this life, and hence the char- acteristic testimony of the human conscience, in spite of great individual differences as to light, sensibility, etc., has always been coincident with the word of God, that \"after death comes the JUDGMENT.\" 10. How is this doctrine established by the general consent of manJcind ? This has been the universal faith of all men, of all races, and in all ages. Universal consent, like every universal effect, must be referred to an equally universal cause, and this con- sent, uniform among men differing in every other possible rcr spect, can be referred to no common origin other than the con- stitution of man's common nature, which is the testimony of his Maker. THE OLD TESTAMENT DOCTRINE. 551 11. Sliow that the Old Testament teaches the same distinction between soul and body that is taught in the New Testament. 1st. In the account of the creation. The body was formed of the dust of the earth, and the soul in the image of the Al- mighty.— Gen. i. 26; ii. 7. 2d. In the definition of death. — Eccle. xii. 7. \" Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was, and the spirit shall re- turn to God who gave it.\" — See also Eccle. iii. 21. 12. What does the Old Testament teach concerning Sheol? and how is it shown, from the usage of that icord, that tJie immortality of the soul loas a doctrine of the ancient covenant? Sheol is derived from the verb h^f^ to ask, expressing the sense of our English proverb, that the \"grave crieth give, give.\" It is used in the Old Testament to signify, in a vague and gen- eral sense, the state of the departed, both the good and bad, intermediate between death and the resurrection of the right- eous (Hosea xiii. 14), generally invested with gloomy associa- tions, and i^idefinitely referred to the lower parts of the earth. Deut. xxxii. 22 ; Amos ix. 2. Thus_it is used for grave as the j;ec&ptacle of the body^after death (Gen. xxxvii. 35; Job xiv. 13), but principally to designate the receptacle of departed spirits, without explicit reference to any division between the stations allotted to the righteous and the wicked. That they were active and conscioiis in this state appears to be indicated by what is revealed of Samuel. — 1 Sam. xxviii. 7-20; Is. xiv. 15-17. With regard to the good, however, the residence in Sheol was looked upon only as intermediate between death and a happy resur- rection.— Ps. xlix. 15. In their treatment of this whole subject, the Old Testament Scriptures rather take the continued exist- ence of the soul for granted, than explicitly assert it. — Fair- bairn's \"Herra. Manual\"; \" Josephus' Ant.,\" xviii., 1. 13. What is the purport of our Saviours argument on this sub- ject against the Sadducees? Luke XX. 37, 38. Long after the death of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, Jehovah designated himself to Moses as their God. Ex. iii. 6. But, argues Christ against the Sadducee who denied the resurrection of the dead, \" he is tlie God, not of the dead, but of the living.\" This more immediately proves the immor- tality of their souls, but as God is the covenant God of persons, and as the persons of these patriarchs included alike body and soul, this argument likewise establishes the ultimate immor- tality of the body also, i. e., of the entire person. 552 STATE OF THE SOUL AFTER DEATH. 14 What passages of the Old Testament assert or imply the Jwpe of a state of blessedness after death ? Num. xxiii. 10; Job xix. 26, 27; Ps. xvi. 9-11; xvii. 15; xlix. 14, 15; Ixxiii. 24-26; Is. xxv. 8; xxvi. 19; Hosea xiii. 14; Dan. xii. 2, 3, 13. 15. What other evidence does the Old Testament afford of the continued existence of the soul ? 1st. The translations of Enoch and Elijah, and the tempo- rary reappearance of Samuel. — Gen. v. 24 ; Heb. xi. 5 ; 2 Kings ii. 11; 1 Sam. xxviii. 7-20. 2d. The command to abstain from the arts of necromancy implies the prevalent existence of a belief that the dead still continue in being in another state. — Deut. xviii. 11, 12. 3d. In their symboHcal system Canaan represents the per- manent inheritance of Christ's people, and the entire purpose of the whole Old Testament revelation, as apprehended by Old Testament believers, had respect to a future existence and in- heritance after deatii. This is directly asserted in the New Testament. — Acts xxvi. 6-8 ; Heb. xi. 10-16 ; Eph. i. 14. 16. What does the New Testament teach of the state of the soul immediately after death ? \"The souls of the righteous, being made perfect in holiness, are received into the highest heavens, where they behold the face of God in light and glory, Avaiting for the full redemption of their bodies.\"— Luke xxiii. 43; 2 Cor. v. 6, 8; Phil. i. 23, 24. \"And the souls of the wicked are cast into hell, where they re- main in torment and utter darkness, reserved to the judgment of the great day.\" — Luke xvi. 23, 24; Jude v. 6, 7. \"Confes- sion of Faith,\" Chap, xxxii., § 1. This statement represents the doctrine of the Lutheran and Keformed churches. It includes the following points: 1st. The state of souls between death and the resurrection may properly be called intermediate when viewed with relation to the states which precede and follow. 2d. Whether there be also an intermedi- ate place or not the Scriptures do not definitely declare, but they suggest it. — See below, Ch. XL., Ques. 3. 3d. The souls both of the righteous and the lost continue during this state active and conscious. 4th. The moral and spiritual character and destiny of each is irrevocably decided at death either for good or evil. 5th. The righteous are immediately made per- fect in holiness. 6th. They pass at once and remain during the whole period in the presence of Christ. 7th. This interme- HADES, PARADISE, AND GEHENNA. 553 diate differs from the final state of the redeemed — (1.) Because of the absence of the body. (2.) Because redemption is not yet realized in its final stage. 17. What is the signification and usage of the ivord aiSr]<i, Hades, in Scripture? \"AiSrj^, from a primitive, and idsiv, designates generally the invisible world inhabited by the spirits of dead men. Among the ancient classical heathen, this invisible world was regarded as consisting of two contrasted regions, the one called Elysium, the abode of the blessed good, and the other Tartarus, the abode of the vicious and miserable. It was used by the authors of the Septuagint to translate the Hebrew word Slieol, compare Acts ii. 27, and Ps. xvi. 10. In the New Testament this word occurs only eleven times. Matt. xi. 23; xvi. 18; Luke x. 15; xvi. 23; Acts ii. 27, 31; 1 Cor. XV. 55; Kev. i. 18; vi. 8; xx. 13, 14. In every case, except 1 Cor. xv. 55, where the more critical editions of the original substitute the word OdvavE in the place of adrj, hades is translated hell, and certainly always represents the invisible world as under the dominion of Satan, as opposed to the king- dom of Christ, and as finally subdued under his victorious power. See Fairbairn's \" Herm. ]\\Ianual.\" 18. What is tJw signification and usage of the words napadetdoi and ydevva? JJapddEido';, Paradise, derived from some oriental language, and adopted into both the Hebrew and Greek languages, sig- nifies parks, pleasure gardens. — Neh. ii. 8; Eccle. ii. 5. The Septuagint translators use this word to represent the garden of Eden. — Gen. ii. 8, etc. It occurs only three times in the New Testament, Luke xxiii. 43 ; 2 Cor. xii. 4 ; Rev. ii. 7 ; where the context proves that it refers to the \" third heavens,\" the garden of the Lord, in which grows the \"tree of life,\" which is by the river which flows out of the throne of God and of the Lamb. Rev. xxii. 1, 2. new a is a compound Hebrew word, expressed in Greek letters, signifying \"Valley of Hinnom, Josh. xv. 8, skirting Jerusalem on the south, running westward from the valley of Jehosaphat, luider Mount Zion. Here was established the idol- atrous Avorship of Moloch, to whom infants were burned in sac- rifice.— 1 Kings xi. 7. This worship was broken up and the place desecrated by Josiah, 2 Kings xxiii. 10-14, after which it appears to have become the receptacle for all the filth of the city, and of the dead bodies of animals, and of malefactors, to consume which fires would appear to have been from time to time kept 554 STATE OF THE SOUL AFTER DEATH. np, hence called Tophet, an abomination, a vomit, Jer. vii. 31.\" Robinson's \" Greek Lex.\" By a natural figure, therefore, this word was used to designate the place of final punishment, forci- bly carrying with it the idea of pollution and misery. It occiu'S twelve times in the New Testament, and always to signify the place of final torment— Matt. v. 22, 29, 30; x. 28; xviii. 9; xxiii. 15, 33; Mark ix. 43, 47; Luke xii. 5; James iii. 6. 19. What various vieivs are maintained as to the intermediate state of the souls of men between death and the judgment ? 1st. Many Protestants, especially of the Church of England, retaining the classical sense of the word Hades, as equivalent to the Jewish Sheol (as given above. Question 12), hold that there is an intermediate region, consisting of two distinct de- partments, in one or other of which the disembodied souls, both of the lost and of the redeemed, respectively await the resur- rection of their bodies, tlie award of judgment, and their trans- lation to their final abodes of bliss or misery. They differ from the common Protestant doctrine chiefly — (1.) In j^ositively as- serting that the place as well as the state is intermediate. (2.) In asserting that it is situated \"under\" in respect to this world. (3.) In holding that it is not the \"highest heavens\" where God manifests his special presence, and where Christ habitualh/ abides. — See the Rev. E. H. Bickersteth's \" Yesterday, To-day, and Forever,\" and \" Hades and Heaven, or State of the Blessed Dead.\" 2d, For the complete statement of the doctrine of the Ro- manists, see below. Question 22. 3d. Materialists and some Socinians hold that the souls of men remain in a state of unconsciousness or suspended life from death until the moment of the resurrection. This opinion is also held by the advocates of the ultimate annihilation of the wicked, and advocated most ably by C. F. Hudson in America, and as probable by the late Archbishop Whately in England (\"View of Sc. Concerning a Future State\"). The arguments are — (1) We have no experience and can form no conception of conscious mental activity in a disem- bodied state. (2.) That the Scriptural evidence relied upon for the support of the church doctrine is obscure and inconclusive. (3.) That the original and simple meaning of the word death is \"extinction of being.\" God said to Adam, \"The day thou eat- est thereof thou,\" not thy body, but thyself, \"shall surely die.\" Matt. X. 28. (4.) That the great prominence afforded in the NeAv Testament to the future resurrection of the body, as the effect of redemption, and the object of Christian hope, proves that the only future life the apostles expected was subsequent THE SOUL CONSCIOUS AND ACTIVE. 555 to and dependent upon that event. — 1 Cor. xv. 14. (5.) They quote many passages to prove that the Scriptures teach that the dead remain at present in a state of bodily and spiritual inactivity. — Ps. vi. 5. \"For in death there is no remembrance of thee, in the grave wlio shall give thee thanks.\" — Ps. cxlvi. 4; Jer. li. 57. This doctrine was first taught by certain heretics in Arabia in the time of Origen, called Thnetopsychites. It was revived as an opinion of some theologians in the thirteenth and four- teenth centuries, but condemned by the University of Paris, 1240, and by Pope Benedict XII., 1366. It was revived by some Anabaptist and refuted by Calvin in his \"Psychopan- nychia, etc.\" It has never been held by any church or per- manent school of theologians. Isaac Taylor, in his \"Physical Theory of Another Life,\" ch. 17, concludes, purely on Biblical grounds, that the intermediate state of redeemed souls is one \"not of unconsciousness indeed, but of comparative inaction, or of suspended energy. A tran- sition state during the continuance of which the passive facul- ties of our nature rather than the active are to aAvake.\" 20. State the Scriptural grounds upon tvhicli the Protestant doctrine stated above., Ques. 16, rests. Ist. The reappearance of Samuel in the use of all his facul- ties.— 1 Sam. xxviii. 7-20. The appearance of Moses and Elias at the transfiguration of Christ on the mount. — Matt. xvii. 3. Christ's address to the thief upon the cross. — Luke xxiii. 43. The parable of the rich man and Lazarus. — Luke xvi. 23, 24. The praj^er of dying Stephen. — Acts vii. 59. In 2 Cor. v. 1-8 Paul declares that to be at home in the body is to be absent from the Lord, and to be absent from the body is to be present with the Lord, and hence he says (Phil. i. 21-24) that for him to die is gain, and that he was in a strait betwixt two, \"having a desire to depart and be with Christ, which is far better, never- theless to abide in the flesh is more needful for you.\" He de- clares (1 Thess. V. 10) that the sleep of death is a living together with Christ. — See also Eph. iii. 15; Heb. vi. 12-20; Acts i. 25; Jude 6, 7; Heb. xii. 23; Rev. v. 9; vi. 9-11; vii. 9, and xiv. 1, 3. 21. Hoio can it he shoivn that the Intermediate State does not afford afwtlier probation for those who depart from this life out of Christ ? An opinion is becoming prevalent among some classes of Protestants that another opportunity for repentance and faith will be afforded to Christless souls between death and the res- urrection. That this is unfounded appears — 1st. From the fact 556 STATE OF THE SOUL AFTER DEATH. that it is nowhere taught in Scripture. It is a hope at best suggested by the wish, but without any foundation in the Avord of God. Even if the \" preaching to the spirits in prison \" (1 Pet. iii. ID) is rightly referred to Christ's personal ministry in the sphere of the intermediate state, it certainly did not apply to those who had rejected him on earth, and it would, in that case, probably apply only to true believers under the Old Testament Dispensation, as the Catholic Church has always taught. 2d. The assumption is built upon the grossly unchris- tian principle that God owes to all men a favorable opportunity of knowing and of receiving Christ. If this Avere true the gos- pel would be of debt and not of grace. 3d. All the teaching of Christ and his apostles implies the contrary. \" It is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment.\" — Heb. ix. 27. \"I go my way, and ye shall seek me, and shall die in your sins; whither I go ye can not come.\" — John viii. 21. \" And besides all this, between us and you there is a great gulf fixed, so that they Avliich would pass from hence to you, can not, neither can they pass to us, that would come from thence.\" — Luke xvi. 26; Eev. xxii. 11. 4th. The law of habit, and of confirmed moral character would, of course, even if conditions of repentance were offered, render the moral state of the sinner far more obdurate and hopeless in the intermediate state, than it was during the earthly life. The \" Hope,\" is as much unwarranted by reason as it is by revelation. 22. What do Romanists teach luitli regard to the souls of men after death? 1st. That the souls of unbaptized infants go to a place pre- pared expressly for them, called the '■^limbus infantum\" where they endure no positive suffering, although they do not enjoy the vision of God. This is placed in a higlier part of the Infernus which the fires can not reach, and they suffer only a paenam damni (penalty of loss), and have no share in the pmnam sensics (penalty of actual suffering), which afflicts adult siiniers. 2d. That all unbaptized adults, and all those who subse- quently have lost the grace of baptism by mortal sin, and die unreconciled to the church, go immediately to hell. 3d. That those believers wlio have attained to a state of Christian perfection go immediately to heaven. 4th. That the great mass of partially sanctified Christians dying in fellowship with the church, yet still encumbered with imperfections, go to purgatory, where they suff\"er, more or less intensely, for a longer or shorter period, until their sins are both atoned for and purged out, when they are translated to heaven, ROMISH DOCTRINE STATED AND REFUTED. 557 during- which intermediate period they may be efficiently as- sisted by the prayers and labors of their friends on earth. 5th. That Old Testament believers were gathered into a re- gion called '■'•llmhus fcdrnm',' called \"Abraham's bosom,\" where they remained without the beatific vision of God, yet without suifering, until Christ, during the three days in which his body lay in the grave, came and released them. — 1 Pet. iii. 19, 20. \"Cat. Rom.\" Part I., Chapter vi., Question 3; \"Council of Trent,\" Sess. xxv., de Purgatorio. As to purgatory the Council of Trent settled only two points, 1st, that there is a purgatory ; 2d, that souls therein may be ben- efited by the prayers and mass of the church on earth. It is generally held, however, that its pains are both nega- tive and positive. That the instrument of its sufferings is ma- terial fire. That these are dreadful and indefinite in extent. That satisfaction may be rendered in this world on much easier terms. That while there their souls can neither incur guilt nor merit any thing, they can alone render satisfaction for their sins by means of passive sufferings. They confess that this doctrine is not taught directly in Scripture, but maintain, 1st, that it follows necessarily from their general doctrine of the satisfaction for sins; 2d, that Christ and the apostles taught it incidentally as they did infant baptism, etc. They refer to Matt. xii. 32; 1 Cor. iii. 15, 23. How may the Anti- Christian character of this doctrine he shoivn ? 1st. It confessedly has no direct, and obviously no real foundation in Scripture. This consideration alone suffices. 2d. It proceeds upon an entirely unchristian view of the method of satisfying divine justice for sins. (1.) That while Christ's merits are infinite, they atone only for original sins. (2.) That each believer must make satisfaction in his own per- son for sins which he commits after baptism, either in the pains of penance or of purgatory. This is contrary to all the Script- ures teach, as we have above shown under their respective heads, (1) as to the satisfaction rendered to justice by Christ; (2) the nature of justification ; (3) nature of sin; (4) relation of the sufferings and good Avorks of the justified man to the law; (5) state of the soids of believers after death, etc., etc. 3d. It is a heathen doctrine derived from the Egyptians through the Greeks and Romans, and currently received through the Roman empire. — Virgil's \"Eneid,\" vi. 739, 43. 4th. Its practical effects have always been, 1st, the abject subjection of the people to the priesthood; 2d, the gross de- moralization of the people. The church is the self-appointed 558 STATE OF THE SOUL AFTER DEATH. depository and dispenser of the superabundant merits of Christ, and the supererogatory merits of her eminent saints. On this foundation she dispenses the pains of purgatory to those wlio pay for past sins, or sells indnlgeiices to those who pay for the lib- erty to sin in the future. Thus the people sin and pay, and the priest takes the money and remits the penalty. The figment of a purgatory under the control of the priest is the main source of his hold upon the fears of the people. — See Ch. XXXIL, Q. 19. AUTHOKITATITE STATEMENTS OF ChTXRCH DoCTKINE. Romish Doctrtne. ''Cat. of Cone. Trident;' Pt. 1, ch. 6, ^ 3.— \"There is also the fire of purgatory, in which the souls of the just are purified by puuishment for a stated time, to the end that they may be admitted iuto their eternal country, into which nothing that defileth. entereth. And of the truth of this doctrine which holy Councils declare to be confirmed by the testimonies of Scripture, and by apostolic tradition, the pastor will have occasion to treat more diligently and frequently, as we are fallen on times when men endure not sound doctrine.\" Bellarmin, '■'■Purgator\" \\\\. 10. — \"It is certain that in purgatory, as there is also in hell, there is punishment by fire, whether that fire is understood literally or metaphorically.\" His own opinion is that it is corporeal fire. Doctrine op the Greek Chtjbch. — \"■The Longer Catechism of the Orthodox Catholic, Eastern Church,\" now the most authoritative stand- ard of the Orthodox Grseco-Eussian Church. On the 11th Article, Ques. 372-377. — \"From death till the general resurrection the souls, of the righteous are in light and rest, with a foretaste of eternal hai3piness ; biit the souls of the wicked are in a state the reverse of this. We know this because it is ordained that the perfect retribution according to works shall be received by the perfect man after the resurrection of the body and God's last judgment. — 2 Tim. ii. 8 and 2 Cor. v. 10. But that they have a foretaste of bliss is shown on the testimony of Jesus Christ, who says in the parable that the righteous Lazarus was immediately after death carried into Abraham's bosom. — Luke xvi. 22; Phil. i. 23. But •we remark of such souls as have departed with faith, but without having had time to bring forth fruits worthy of repentance, that they may be aided towards the attainment of a blessed resurrection by prayers offered in their behalf, esi^ecially such as are offered in union with the oblation of the bloodless sacrifice of the Body and Blood of Christ, and by works of mercy done in faith for their memory. \" Protestant Doctrine. \"Articles of SnvdcaUr (Lutheran), p. 307.— \"Purgatory, and whatever of religious rites, worship, or business pertains to it, is a mere disguise of the Devil.\" ''Thirti/-nine Articles of the Church of England,\" Art. 22.— -\"The Rom- ish doctrine concerning purgatory, pardons, worshipping and adoration as well as of images as of relics, and also invocation of saints, is a fond thing, vainly invented, and grounded upon no warranty of Scripture, but rather repugnant to the word of God.\" \"Shorter Catechism if WeM. Assemhlii,\" Ques. 37.— \" The souls of be- lievers are at their death made perfect in holiness and do immediately pass into glory ; and their bodies being still united to Christ, do rest in their graves till the resurrection.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "202", "sort_key": 202, "group": "Chapter XXXVIII", "question": "What  Old  Testament  passages  hear  upon  this  subject  ?", "answer": "Job xix. 25-27; Ps. xlix. 15; Is. xxvi. 19; Dan. xii. 1-3. 3. What are the principal passages hearing upon this subject in the New Testament ? Matt. V. 29; x. 28; xxvii. 52, 53; John v. 28, 29; vi. 39; Acts ii. 25-34; xiii. 34; Ptora. viii. 11, 22, 23; Phil. iii. 20, 21; 1 Thess. iv. 13-17, and 15th chap, of 1 Cor. 4. What is the meaning of the phrases, dcS/na ipvxtHov, natural hody, and dc^/ua TtvEv^aviHov, spiritual body, as used by Paul, 1 Cor. XV. 44 ? The word ipvxVi when contrasted with Ttvavjua, always desig- nates the principle of animal life, as distinguished from the principle of intelligence and moral agency, which is the nvlvj-ia. A (>fo//a tpvxiHov, translated nafurcd body, evidently means a body endowed with animal life, and adapted to the present condition of the soul, and to the present physical constitution of the world it inhabits. A d(^jiia TtvevjuartKoi^, translated spirUnal body, is a body adapted to the use of the soul in its future glorified estate, and to the moral and physical conditions of the heavenly world, and to this end assimilated by the Holy Ghost, who dwells in it, to the glorified body of Christ. — 1 Cor. xv. 45-48. 5. Hoiv does it appear that the same body is to rise that is de- posited in the grave ? The passages of Scripture which treat of this subject make 560 THE RESURRECTION. it plain that the same bodies are to be raised that are deposited in the grave, by the phrases by which they designate the bod- ies raised: Ist, \"our bodies,\" Phil. iii. 21; 2d, \"this corruptible,\" 1 Cor. XV. 53, 54; 3d, \"all who ai'e in their graves,\" John v. 28; 4th, \"they who are asleep,\" 1 Thess. iv. 13-17; 5th, \"our bod- ies are the members of Christ,\" 1 Cor. vi. 15 ; 6th, our resurrec- tion is to be because of and like that of Christ, which was of his identical body. — John xx. 27. 6. How does if appear that the final resurrection is to he simul- taneous and general ? See below, Chap. XXXIX., Questions 9 and 10. 7. What do the Scriptures teach concerning the nature of the resurrection body ? 1st. It is to be spiritual. — 1 Cor. xv. 44. See above, Ques- tion 4. 2d. It is to be like Christ's body.— Phil. iii. 21. 3d. Glorious, incorruptible, and powerful. — 1 Cor. xv. 54. 4th. It shall never die. — Rev. xxi. 4. 5th. Never be given in marriage. Matt. xxii. 30. 8. How may it he proved that the material hody of Christ rose from the dead ? 1st. Christ predicted it. — John ii. 19-21. 2d. His resurrec- tion is referred to as a miraculous attestation of the truth of his mission, but unless his body rose literally there was noth- ing miraculous in his continued life. 3d. The whole language of the inspired narratives necessarily implies this, the rolling away of the stone, the folding up of the garments, etc. 4th. He did not rise until the third day, which proves that it was a physical change, and not a mere continuance of spiritual ex- istence.— 1 Cor. XV. 4. 5th. His body was seen, handled, and examined, for the space of forty days, in order to establish this very fact. — Luke xxiv. 39. Dr. Hodge. 9. Hoiv can the materiality of Christ's resurrection body he rec- onciled ivith whcd is said as to the modes of its manifestation., and of its ascension into heaven ? The events of his suddenly appearing and vanishing from sight, recorded in Luke xxiv. 31 ; John xx. 19 ; Acts i. 9, were accomplished through a miraculous interference with the ordi- nary laws regulating material bodies, of the same kind pre- cisely with many miracles which Jesus wrought in his body- before his death, e. g., his walking on the sea. — Matt. xiv. 25; John vi. 9-14. OBJECTIONS STATED AND ANSWERED. 561 10. How does the resurrection of Christ secure and illustrate that of his jjeojjle ? Body and soul together constitute the one person, and man in his entire person, and not his soul separately, is embraced in both the covenants of works and of grace, and in federal and vital union with both the fii-st and the second Adam. Christ's resurrection secures ours — 1st. Because his resurrection seals and consummates his redemptive power; and the redemption of our persons involves the redemption of our bodies. — Eom. viii. 23. 2d. Because of our federal and vital union with Christ. 1 Cor. XV. 21, 22; 1 Thess. iv. 14 3d. Because of his Spirit which dwells in us (Rom. viii. 11), making our bodies his members. — 1 Cor. vi. 15. 4th. Because Christ by covenant is Lord both of the living and the dead. — Rom. xiv. 9. This same federal and vital union of the Christian with Christ (see above. Chap. XXXI.) likewise causes the resurrection of the believer to be similar to, as well as consequent upon that of Christ.— 1 Cor. xv. 49; Phil. iii. 21; 1 John iii. 2. 11. How far are ohjecfions of a scientific character against the doctrine of the resurrection of the body entitled to iveight? All truth is one, and of God, and necessarily consistent, whether revealed by means of the phenomena of nature or of the words of inspiration. On the other hand, it follows from our partial knowledge and often erroneous interpretation of the data both of science and revelation, that we often are un- able to discern the harmonies of truths in reality intimately related. Nothing can be believed to be true which is clearly seen to be inconsistent with truth already certainly established. But, on the other hand, in the present stage of our develojD- ment, the largest proportion of the materials of our knowledge rests upon independent evidence, and are received by us all as certain on their own respective grounds, although we fail as yet to reconcile each fact with every other in the harmonies of their higher laws. The principles of physical science are to be taken as true upon their own ground, i. e., so far as they are matured, and the testimony of revelation is to be taken as infallible truth on its own ground. The one ma}^ modify om* interpretation of the other, but the most certain of all principles is that a matured science will always corroborate rightly in- terpreted revelation. 12. Hoiu may the identity of ovr future ivith our present bodies he reconciled luiih 1 Cor. xv. 42-50 ? In verses 42-44 this identity is expressly asserted. The 562 THE RESURRECTION. body is to be the same, though changed in these several partic- lalars. 1st. It is now subject to corruption, ilicn incorruptible. 2d. It is now dishonored, it will tlien be glorified. 3d. It is now weak, it will then be powerful. 4th. It is now natural., i. e., adapted to the present condition of the soul and constitution of the world. It will then be spiritual, i. e., adapted to the glori- fied condition of the soul, and constitution of the \"new heavens and new earth.\" Verse 50 declares simply that \" fiesh and blood,\" that is, the present corruptible, weak, and depraved constitution of the body can not inherit heaven. Yet the passage as a whole clearly teaches, not the substitution of a new body, but the transforma- tion of the old. 13. What facts does physiological science estahlish with respect to the perpetual changes that are going on in our p)resent bodies, and tvhat relation do tlwse facts sustain to this doctrine ? By a ceaseless process of the assimilation of new material and excretion of the old, the particles composing our bodies are ceaselessly changing from birth to death, effecting, as it is com- puted, a change in every atom of the entire structure every seven years. Thus there will not be a particle in tlie organism of an adult which constituted part of his person when a boy, nor in that of the old man of that wliich belonged to him when of middle age. The body from youth to age is imiversally sub- ject to vast changes in size, form, expression, condition, and many times to total change of constituent particles. All this is certain ; but it is none the less certain that through all these changes the man possesses identically the same person from yoi^th to age. This proves that neither the identity of the body of the same man from youth to age, nor the identity of our present with our resurrection bodies, consists in sameness of particles. If we are sure of our identity in the one case, we need not stumble at the difficulties attending the other. 14, What objection to this doctrine is derived from the known fact of the disp)ersion and as.similation into other organisms of the p)articles of our bodies after decdh ? The instant the vital principle surrenders the elements of the body to the unmodified control of the laws of chemical affinity, their present combinations are dissolved and distributed throughout space, and they are taken up and assimilated by other animal and vegetable organisms. Thus the same particles have formed, at different times, part of the bodies of myriads of men, in the successive periods of the growth of individuals, and in successive generations. Plence it has been objected to the THE CONDITIONS OF IDENTITY. 563 scriptni\"il doctrine of the resurrection of the body, that it will be impossible to decide to which of the thousand bodies which these particles have formed part in tm-n, they should be assigned in the resurrection; or to reinvest each soul with its own body, when all the constituent elements of every body have been shared in common by many. We ansioer that bodily identity does not consist in sameness of constituent particles. See above, Question 13. Just as God has revealed to us through consciousness that our bodies are identical from infancy to age, although their constituent elements often change, he has, with equal certainty and reasonableness, revealed to us in his inspired word that our bodies, raised in glory, are identical with our bodies sown in dishonor, although their constituent particles may have been scattered to the ends of the earth.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "203", "sort_key": 203, "group": "Chapter XXXVIII", "question": "What  is  essential  to  identity?", "answer": "1st. \"It is evident that identity depends upon different con- ditions in different cases. The identity of a stone or any other portion of unorganized matter consists in its substance and form. On tlie other hand, the identity of a plant from the seed to its maturity is, in a great measure, independent of sameness of substance or of form. Their identity appears to consist in each plant's being one organized whole, and in the continuity of the succession of its elements and parts. The identity of a picture does not depend upon the sameness of the particles of coloring matter of which it is composed, for these we may con- ceive to be continually changing, but upon the drawing, the tints, the light and shade, the expression, the idea which it embodies,\" etc. 2d. Bodily identity is not a conclusion drawn from the com- parison, or combination of other facts, but it is itself a single irresolvable fact of consciousness. The child, the savage, the philosopher, are alike certain of the sameness of their bodies at different periods of their lives, and on the same grounds. This intuitive conviction, as it is not the result of science, so it is no more bound to give an account of itself to sci- ence, i. e., we are no more called upon to explain it before we believe it than we are to explain any other of the simple data of consciousness. 3d. The resurrection of our bodies, although a certain fact of revelation, is to us, as yet, an unrealized experience, an un- observed phenomenon. The physical conditions, therefore, of the identity of our \"spiritual bodies\" with our \"natural bodies,\" we can not now possibly comprehend, since we have neither the experience, the observation, nor the revelation of the facts 564 THE RESURRECTION. involved in such knowledge. This much, however, is certain as to the result — 1st. The body of the resurrection will be as strictly identical with the body of death, as the body of death is with the body of birth. 2d. Each soul will have an indubi- table intuitive consciousness that its new body is identical with the old. 3d. Each friend shall recognize the individual char- acteristics of the soul in the perfectly transparent expression of the new body. — Dr. Hodge. 16. How far ivas the doctrine oftJie resurrection of the hody held by the Jews? With the exception of some heretical sects, as the Sadducees, the Jews held this doctrine in the same sense in which we hold it now. This is evident — 1st. Because it was clearly revealed in their inspired writings, see above. Question 2. 2d. It is af- firmed in their uninspii-ed writings. — Wisdom, iii. 6, 13; iv. 15; 2 Maccabees vii. 9, 14, 23, 29. 3d. Christ in his discourses, in- stead of proving this doctrine, assumes it as recognized. — Luke xiv. 14; John v. 28, 29. 4th. Paul asserts that both the ancient Jews (Heb. xi. 35), and his own contemporaries (Acts xxiv. 15), believed this doctrine. 17. What early heretical sects in the Christian church rejected this doctrine? All the sects bearing the generic designation of gnostic, and imder various specific names embodying the leaven of oriental philosophy, which infested the church of Christ from the begin- ning for many centuries, believed, 1st, tliat matter is essentially vile, and the source of all sin and misery to the soul; 2d, that complete sanctification is consummated only in the dissolution of the body and the emancipation of the soul; 3d, that conse- quently any literal resurrection of the body is repugnant to the spirit, and would be destructive to the purpose of the whole gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "204", "sort_key": 204, "group": "Chapter XXXVIII", "question": "What  is  the  doctrine  taught  by  Swedenhorg  on  this  subject?", "answer": "It is substantially the same with that set forth by Professor Bush in his once famous book, \" Anastasia.\" They teach that the literal body is dissolved, and finally perishes in death. But by a subtle law of our nature an etherial, luminous body is eliminated out of the Tpvx?? (the seat of the nervous sensibility, occupying the middle link between matter and spirit), so that the soul does not go forth from its tabernacle of flesh a bare HERETICAL VIEWS. 565 power of thought, but is clothed upon at once by this psychical body. Tliis resurrection of the body, they pretend, takes place in every case immediately at death, and accompanies the out- going soul. — See \" Religion and Philosophy of Swedenborg,'' Theophilus Parsons. 19. How do modern rationalists explain the passages of Scripture luhich relate to this subject? They explain them away, denying their plain sense, either, 1st, as purely allegorical modes of inculcating the truth of the continued existence of the soul after death ; or, 2d, as conces- sions to the prejudices and superstitions of the Jews.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "205", "sort_key": 205, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "What  is  the  Scriptural  doctrine  concerning  the  miUennitim?", "answer": "1st. The Scriptures, both of the Old and New Testament, clearly reveal that the gospel is to exercise an influence over all branches of the human family, immeasurably more extensive and more thoroughly transforming than any it has ever realized in time past. This end is to be gradually attained through the spiritual presence of Christ in the ordinary dispensation of Providence, and ministrations of his church. — Matt. xiii. 31, 32; xxviii. 19, 20; Ps. ii. 7, 8; xxii. 27, 29; Ixxii. 8-11; Is. ii. 2, 3; xi. 6-9; Ix. 12; Ixvi. 23; Dan. ii. 35, 44; Zech. ix. 10; xiv. 9; Rev. xi. 15. 2d. The period of this general prevalency of the gospel will THE PREMILLENNIAL ADVENT THEORY. 569 continue a thousand years, and is hence designated the millen- nium.— Rev. XX. 2-7. 3d. The Jews are to be converted to Christianity either at the commencement or during the continuance of this period. Zech. xii. 10; xiii. 1; Rom. xi. 26-29; 2 Cor. iii. 15, 16. 4th. At the end of these thousand years, and before the coming of Christ, there will be a comparativel}^ short season of apostasy and violent conflict between the kingdoms of light and darkness. — Luke xvii. 26-30; 2 Pet. iii. 3, 4; Rev. xx. 7-9. 5th. Christ's advent, the general resurrection and judgment, will be simultaneous, and immediately succeeded by the burn- ing of the old, and the revelation of the new earth and heavens. \"Confession of Faith,\" Chaps, xxxii. and xxxiii. 8. What is the vieiv of those who maintain that Christ's coming loill he '•'• premillennial,'' and that he loill reign jpersonally upon the earth a thousand years before the judgment ? 1st. i\\Iany of the Jews, mistaking altogether the spiritual character of the Messiah's kingdom, entertained the opinion that as the church had continued two thousand years before the giv- ing of the law, so it would continue two thousand years under the law, when the Messiah would commence his personal reign, which should, in turn, continue two thousand years to the com- mencement of the eternal Sabbath. They expected that the Messiah would reign visibly and gloriously in Jerusalem, as his capital, over all the nations of the earth, the Jews, as his espe- cial people, being exalted to pre-eminent dignity and privilege. 2d. 'riie Apostolical Fathers of the Jewish Christian branch of the church, such as Barnabas, Hermes, and Papias, adopted it. It prevailed generally throughout the church from a. d. 150, to A. D. 250, being advocated by Irena^us and Tertullian. Since that time the doctrine taught in this chapter has been the one generally recognized by the whole church, while Millenarianism or Chilianism has been confined to individuals and transient parties. Its advocates based their doctrine on the literal inter- pretation of Rev. XX. 1-10, and held — 1st. That after the de- velopment of the anti-Christian apostasy, at some time very variously estimated, Christ was suddeidy to appear and com- mence his personal reign of a thousand years in Jerusalem. The dead in Christ (some say only the martyrs) were then to rise and reign with him in the world, the majority of \\^'hose inhabitants shall be converted, and live during this period in great prosperity and happiness, the Jews in the mean time being converted, and restored to their own land. (2.) That after the thousand years there shall come the final apostasy for a little season, and then the resurrection of the rest of the dead, 570 SECOND ADVENT. L €., the wicked and their judgment and condemnation at the last day, the final conflagration, and new heavens and earth. 3d. Modern premillenarians, while differing among them- selves as to the details of their interpretations, agree substan- tially with the view just stated. Hence they are called pre- millenarians, because they believe the advent of Christ will occur before the 3Iillennium. > 9. What are the principal Scriptural arguments against this vieiv ? Ist. The theory is evidently Jewish in its origin and Juda- izing in its tendency. 2d. It is not consistent with what tlie Scriptures teach. (1.) As to the nature of Christ's kingdom, e. g., (a) that it is not of this world but spiritual, Matt. xiii. 11-44; John xviii. 36; Rom. xiv. 17; (b) that it was not to be confined to the Jews, Matt. viii. 11, 12; (c) that regeneration is the condition of admission to it, John iii. 3, 5; (d) that the blessings of the kingdom- are purely spiritual, as pardon, sanctification, etc., Matt. iii. 2, 11; Col. i. 13, 14. (2.) As to the fact that the kingdom of Christ has already come. He has sat upon the throne of his Father David ever since his ascension. — Acts ii. 29-36; iii. 13-15; iv. 26-28; v. 29-31; Heb. x. 12, 13; Rev. iii. 7-12. The Old Testament prophecies, therefore, which pre- dict this kingdom, must refer to the present dispensation of grace, and not to a future reign of Christ on earth in person among men in the flesh. 3d. The second advent is not to occur until the resurrec- tion, when all the dead, both good and bad, are to rise at once. Dan. xii. 2; John v. 28, 29; 1 Cor. xv. 23; 1 Thess. iv. 16; Rev. XX. 11, 15. Only one passage (Rev. xx. 1-10) is even appar- ently inconsistent with the fact here asserted. For the true interpretation of that pavssage, see next question. 4th. The second advent is not to occur until the simulta- neous judgment of all men,' the good and the bad together. Matt. vii. 21, 23; xiii. 30-43; xvi. 24, 27; xxv. 31-46; Rom. ii. 5, 16; 1 Cor. iii. 12-15; 2 Cor. v. 9-11; 2 Thess. i. 6-10; Rev. XX. 11-15. 5th. The second advent is to be attended Avith tlie general conflagration and the generation of the \" new heavens and the new earth.\" — 2 Pet. iii. 7-13; Rev. xx. 11; xxi. 1. \"Brown on the Second Advent.\" 10. What considerations favor the spiritual and oppose the lit- eral interpretation of Rev. xx. 1-10. The spiritual interpretation of this difficult passage is as THE SPIRITUAL INTERPRETATION OF REV. XX. i-io. 571 follows: Christ has in reserve for his church a period of uni- versal expansion and of pre-eminent spiritual prosperity, when the spirit and character of the \"noble army of martyrs\" shall be reproduced again in the great body of God's people in an unprecedented measure, and when these martyrs shall, in the general triumph of their cause, and in the overthrow of that of their enemies, receive judgment over their foes and reign in the earth; while the party. of Satan, \"the rest of the dead,\" shall not flourish again until the thousand years be ended, when it shall prevail again for a little season. The considerations in favor of this interpretation of the passage are — 1st. It occurs in one of the most highly figurative books of the Bible. 2d. This interpretation is perfectly consistent with all the other more explicit teachings of the Scriptures on the several points involved. 3d. The same figure, viz., that of life again from the dead, is frequently used in Scripture to express the idea of the spiritual revival of the church. — Is. xxvi. 19; Ezek. xxxvii. 12-14; Hosea vi. 1-3; Eom. xi. 15; Rev. xi. 11. The considerations bearing against the literal interpretation of this passage are — 1st. That the pretended doctrine of two resurrections, i. e., first of the righteous, and then, after an interval of a thousand years, of the wicked, is taught nowhere else in the Bible, and this single passage in which it occurs is an obscure one. This is a strong presumption against the truth of the doctrine. 2d. It is inconsistent with what the Scriptures uniformly teach as to the nature of the resurrection body, i. e., that it is to be \"spiritual,\" not \"natural,\" or \"flesh and blood.\" — 1 Cor. XV. 44. It is, on the contrary, an essential part of the doc- trine associated with the literal interpretation of this passage, that the saints, or at least the martyrs, are to rise and reign a thousand years in the flesh, and in this woidd as at present constituted. 3d. The literal interpretation of this passage contradicts the clear and uniform teaching of the Scriptures, that all the dead, good and bad, are to rise and be judged together at the second coming of Christ, and the entire revolution of the present order of creation. See the Scripture testimonies collected under the preceding question. 11. Shoio that the future general conversion of the Jeios is taught in Scripture? This Paul, in Eom. xi. 15-29, both asserts and proves from 572 SECOND ADVENT. Old Testament prophecies, e. r/., Isa. lix. 20; Jer. xxxi. 31. See also Zecli. xii. 10; 2 Cor. iii. 15, 16. 12. State the argument for and against the opinion that the Jeics are to he restored to tJieir oivn land? The arguments in favor of that return are — 1st. The literal sense of many old Testament prophecies. Isa. xi. 11, 12; Jer. iii. 17; xvi. 14,. 15; Ezek. xx. 40-44; xxxiv. 11-31; xxxvi. l-3(i; Hosea iii. 4, 5; Amos ix. 11-15; Zech. x. 6-10; xiv. 1-20; Joel iii. 1-17. 2d. That the whole territory promised by God to Abraham has never at any period been fully possessed by his descend- ants. Gen. XV. 18-21 ; Num. xxxiv. 6-12, and renewed through Ezekiel, Ezek. xlvii. 1-23. 3d. The land, though capable of maintaining a vast popula- tion, is as preserved unoccupied, evidently waiting for inhabi- tants.— See Keith's \"Land of Israel.\" 4th. The Jews, though scattered among all nations, have been miraculously preserved a separate people, and evidently await a destiny as signal and peculiar as has been their his- tory. The arguments against their return to the land of their fathers are — 1st. The New Testament is entirely silent on the subject of any such return, which would be an inexplicable omission in the clearer revelation, if that event is really future. 2d. The literal interpretation of the Old Testament proph- ecies concerned in this question would be most unnatural — (1.) Because, if the interpretation is to be consistent, it must be literal in all its parts. Then it would follo\\y that David himself, in person, must be raised to reign again in Jerusalem. Ezek. xxxvii. 24, etc. Then the Levitical priesthood must be restored, and bloody sacrifices offered to God. — Ezek. xl. to xlvi. ; Jer. xvii. 25, iix Then must Jerusalem be tlie centre of government, the Jews a superior class in the Christian church, and all worshippers must come monthly and from Sabbath to Sabbath, from the ends of the earth to worship at the Holy City.— Isa. ii. 2, 3; Ixvi. 20-23; Zech. xiv. 16-21. (2.) Because the literal interpretation thus leads to the revival of the entire ritual system of the Jews, and is inconsistent with the spiritual- ity of the kingdom of Christ. — See above. Question 9. (3.) Be- cause the literal interpretation of these passages is inconsistent with what the New Testament plainly teaches as to the aboli- tion of all distinctions between the Jew and Gentile; the Jews, when converted, are to be grafted back into the same church. Rom. xi. 19-24; Eph. ii. 13-19. (4.) Because this interpretation is inconsistent with what the New Testament teaches as to the THE GENERAL JUDGMENT. 573 temporary purpose, the virtual insufficiency, and the final aboli- tion of the Levitical priesthood and their sacrifices, and of the infinite sufficiency of the sacrifice of Christ, and the eternity of his priesthood. — Gal. iv. 9, 10; v. 4-8; Col. ii. 16-23; Heb. vii. 12-18; viii. 7-13; ix. 1-14. 3d. On the other hand, the spiritual interpretation of these Old Testament prophecies — which regards them as predicting the future purity and extension of the Christian church, and as indicating these spiritual subjects by means of those persons, places, and ordinances of the old economy which were typical of them — is both natural and accordant to the analogy of Script- ure. In the New Testament, Christians are called Abraham's seed, Gal. iii. 29; Israelites, Gal. vi. 16; Eph. ii. 12, 19; comers to Mount Zion, Heb. xii. 22; citizens of the heavenly Jerusa- lem, Gal. iv. 26; the circumcision, Phil. iii. 3; Col. ii. 11, and in Rev. ii. 9, they are called Jews. There is also a Christian priesthood and spiritual sacrifice. — 1 Pet. ii. 5, 9; Heb. xiii. 15, 16; Rom, xii. 1. See Fairbairn's \"Typology Appendix,\" Vol. I.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "206", "sort_key": 206, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "Wlio  is  to  be  the  judge  of  the  ivorld  ?", "answer": "Jesus Christ, in his official character as Mediator, in both natures, as the God-man. This is evident, Ist, because as judge he is called the \"Son of Man,\" ]\\Iatt. xxv. 31, 32, and the \"man ordained by God.\" — Acts xvii. 31. 2d. Because all judgment is said to be committed to him by the Father. — John v. 22, 27. 3d. Because it pertains to him as Mediator to complete and publicly manifest the salvation of his people, and the overthrow of his enemies, together with the glorious righteousness of his work in both respects, 2 Thess. i. 7-10; Rev. i. 7; and thus accomplish the \"restitution of all things.\" — Acts iii. 21. And this he shall do in his own person, that his glory may be the more manifest, the discomfiture of his enemies the more humil- iating, and the hope and joy of his redeemed the more complete.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "207", "sort_key": 207, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "Who  are  to  he  tJie  subjects  of  the  judgment  ?", "answer": "1st. The whole race of Adam, without exception, of every generation, condition, and character, each individual appearing in the integrity of his person, \" body, soul, and spirit.\" The dead will be raised, and the living changed simultaneously. Matt. xxv. 31-46; 1 Cor. xv. 51, 52; 2 Cor. v. 10; 1 Thess. iv. 17; 2 Thess. i. 6-10; Rev. xx. 11-15. 2d. All evil angels. 2 Pet. ii. 4; Jude 6. Good ahgels appearing as attendants and ministers. — Matt. xiii. 41, 42. 574 SECOND ADVENT.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "208", "sort_key": 208, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "In  iclicd  sense  is  it  said  that  the  saints  shall  judge  the  ivorld  ?", "answer": "See Matt. xix. 28; Luke xxii. 29, 30; 1 Cor. vi. 2, 3; Rev. XX. 4. In virtue of the union of believers with Christ, his triumph and dominion is theirs. They are joint heirs with him, and if they suffer with him they shall reign Avith him. — Rom. viii. 17; 2 Tim. ii. 12. He will judge and condemn liis enemies as head and champion of his church, all his members assenting to his judgment and glorying in his triumph. — Rev. xix. 1-5. Hodge's \"Com. on 1st Cor.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "209", "sort_key": 209, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "Upon  ivhat  principles  tvill  his  judgment  be  dispensed  ?", "answer": "The judge is figuratively represented (Rev. xx. 12), after the analogy of human tribunals, as opening \" books \" in judg- ment, according to the things written in which the dead are to be judged, and also \" another book,\" \" which is the book of life.\" The books first mentioned doubtless figuratively repre- sent the law or standard according to which each one was to be judged, and the facts in his case, or \" the woi'ks which he had done.\" The \"book of life\" (see also Phil. iv. 3; Rev. iii. 5; xiii. 8; xx. 15) is the book of God's eternal electing love. Those whose names are found written in the \" book of life \" will be declared righteous on the ground of their participation in the righteousness of Christ. Their holy characters and good deeds, however, will be publicly declared as the evidences of their elec- tion, of their relation to Christ, and of the glorious work of Christ in them.— Matt. xiii. 43 ; xxv. 34-40. Those whose names are not found written in \"the book of life \" will be condemned on the ground of the evil \" deeds they have done in the body,\" tried by the standard of God's law, not as that law has been ignorantly conceived of by each, but as it has been more or less fully and clearly revealed by the Judge himself to each severally. Tlie heathen who has sinned with- out the written law \"shall be judged without the law,\" i. e., by the law written upon his heart, which made him a law unto himself — Luke xii. 47, 48; Rom. ii. 12-15. The Jew, Avho \"sinned in the law, shall be judged by the hiw.\" — Rom. ii. 12. Every individual dwelling under the light of the Christian rev- elation shall be judged in strict accordance with the whole will of God as made known to him, all of the special advan- tages of every kind enjoyed by him individually modifying the proportion of his responsibility. — Matt. xi. 20-24; John iii. 19. The secrets of all hearts, the inward states and hidden springs of action, will be brought in as the subject matter of judgment, as well as the actions themselves, Eccle. xii. 14; 1 THE FUTURE CONFLAGRATION OF THE EARTH. 575 Cor. iv. 5 ; and publicly declared to vindicate the justice of the Judge, and to make manifest the shame of the sinner. — Luke viii. 17; xii. 2, 3; Mark iv. 22. Whether the sins of the saints will be brought forward at the judgment or not is a c^uestion not settled by the Scriptures, though debated by theologians. If they should be, we are sure that it will be done only with the design and effect of enhancing the glory of the Saviour and the comfort of the saved. 17. Wliai do the Scriptures reveal concerning the future con- flagration of our earth ? The principal passages bearing upon this point are Ps. cii. 26, 27; Is. li. 6; Rom. viii. 19-23'; Heb. xii. 2(3, 27; 2 Pet. iii. 10-13; Rev. xx. and xxi. JMany of the older theologians thought that these passages indicated that the whole existing physical universe was to be destroyed. This view is now universally discarded. Some held that this earth is to be annihilated. The most common and probable opinion is that at \" the res- titution of all things,\" Acts. iii. 21, this earth, Avith its atmos- phere, is to be subjected to intense heat, which will radically change its present physical condition, introducing in the place of the present an higher order of things, which shall appear as a \"new heavens and a new earth,\" wherein \"the creature itself, also, shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God,\" Rom. viii. 19-23, and wherein the constitution of the new Avorld Avill be adapted to the \" spiritual \" or resurrection bodies of the saints, 1 Cor. XV. 44, to be the scene of the heavenly society, and, above all, to be the palace-temple of the God-man forever. — Eph. i. 14; Rev. v. 9, 10; xxi. 1-5. See also Fairbairn's \"Typology,\" Vol. I., Part II., Chap, ii., sec. 7. 18. What should he the moral effect of the Scripture doctrine of Christ's second advent ? Christians ought thereby to be comforted when in sorrow, and always stimulated to duty. — Phil. iii. 20; Col. iii. 4, 5; James V. 7 ; 1 John iii. 2, 3. It is their duty also to love, watch, ivait for. and hasten unto the coming of their Lord. — Luke xii. 35, 37 ; ICoY. i. 7, 8; Phil. iii. 20; 1 fhess. i. 9, 10; 2 Tim. iv. 8; 2 Pet. iii. 12; Rev. xxii. 20. Unbelievers should be filled with fearful apprehension, and with all their might they should seek place for immediate repentance.— ]\\Iark xiii. 35, 37; 2 Pet. iii. 9, 10; Jude 14, 15. Brown's \" Second Advent.\" 576 SECOND ADVENT. AUTHOEITATIVE STATEMENTS OF ChUKCH DoCTBINE. Aucinsdne {\" De Cirifafe Dei,\" 20, 7) states, that he once held the doctrine of a millenarian sabbath, but then rejected it and advocates the doctrine of this chapter, which has thenceforward prevailed in the Roman Church. \" Amjsburrj Con/esfiion,\" Pt. 1, Aj't. 17. — \" They also teach that Christ will ajipear at the end. of the wor/d for judgment, and that he will resusci- tate all the dead, and that he will give to the pious elect eternal life and perpetual joy, but condemn wicked men and devils, that they shall be tormented without end. Tliey condemn the Anabaptists, who believe that there will be an end of the future punishment of lost men and devils. And they condemn others who scatter Jewish opinions, to the effect that before the resurrection of the dead the pious will occupy the kingdom of the world, and the wicked be everywhere in subjection.\" \" The English Confession of Edwiird VI.\" — \"Those who endeavor to recall the fable of the Millenariaus, oppose the sacred Scriptures, and precipitate themselves into Jewish insanities.\" \" Beli/ic Cotfession,\" Art. 37. — \"Lastly, we believe, from the word of God, that our Lord Jesus Christ will return from heaven bodily and vis- ibly, and with the highest glory, when the time predetermined by God, but unknown to all creatures, shall arrive, and the numher of the elect be compltite. . . . At that time all who have heretofore died on the earth shall arise.\" \" Westminster Gonf Chaps. 32 and 33; ''Larger Gat.,\" Ques. 87-89.— These teach — 1. At the last day shall be a general resurrection of the dead both of the just and of the unjust. 2. All found alive shall be im- mediately changed. 3. Immediately after the resurrection shall follow the general and final judgment of all angels and men, good and bad. 4. That the date of this day and hour is puri:)osely kept secret by God. In Ques. 53-56, we are further taught, that Christ's second coming will not occur until \" the last day,\" \" the end of the world,\" and that he will then come \"to judge the world in righteousness.\" CHAPTER XL. HEAVEN AND HELL. 1. What is the New Testament usage as to the terms 6vpav6z, *^ heaven\" and rd Inovpavia, ^^ heavenly places?\" 'Ovpaj^o? is used chiefly in three senses. Ist. The upper air where the birds fly. — ]\\Iatt. viii. 20; xxiv. 30. 2d. The region in which the stars revolve. — Acts vii. 42; Heb. xi. 12. 3d. The abode of Christ's human nature, the scene of the special mani- festation of divine glory, and of the eternal blessedness of the saints. — Heb. ix. 24; 1 Pet. iii. 22. This is sometimes called the \"third heaven.\" — 2 Cor. xii. 2. The phrases \"new heaven,\" and \" new earth,\" in contrast with \" first heavens,\" and \" first earth,\" 2 Pet. iii. 7, 13; Rev. xxi. 1, refer to some unexplained change which will take place in the final catastrophe, by which God will revolutionize our portion of the physical universe, cleansing it from the stain of sin, and qualifying it to be the abode of blessedness. For the usage with regard to the phrase \"kingdom of heaven,\" see above, Chap. XXVIL, Question 5. The phrase m snovpdvia is translated sometimes, \" heavenly things,\" John iii. 12, where it signifies the mysteries of the un- seen spiritual world; and sometimes \"heavenly places,\" Eph. i. 3, and ii. 6, where it means the state into which a believer is introduced at his regeneration ; see also Eph. i. 20, where it means the \"third heavens\"; and Eph. vi. 12, where it signifies indefinitely the supermundane universe. 2. What are the principal terms, both literal and fgurative, ivhicJi are used in Scripture to designate the future hhssedness of tJie saints ? Literal terms: \"life, eternal life, and life everlasting. — IMatt. vii. 14; xix. 16, 29; xxv. 46. Glory, the glory of God, an eter- nal weight of glory. — Rom. ii. 7, 10; v. 2; 2 Cor. iv. 17. Peace. Rom. ii. 10. Salvation, and eternal salvation. — Heb. v. 9.\" 37 578 HEAVEN AND HELL. Figurative terms: \"Paradise. — Lnke xxiii. 43; 2 Cor. xii. 4; Rev. ii. 7. Heavenly Jerusalem. — Gal. iv. 26; Rev. iii. 12. Kingdom of heaven, heavenly kingdom, eternal kingdom, king- dom prepared from the foundation of the world. — jVIatt. xxv. 34; 2 Tim. iv. 18; 2 Pet. i. 11. Eternal inheritance. — 1 Pet. i. 4; Heb. ix. 15. The blessed are said to sit down with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, to be in Abraham's bosom, Luke Xvi. 22; Matt. viii. 11; to reign with Christ, 2 Tim. ii. 11, 12; to enjoy a Sabbath or rest, Heb. iv. 10, 11.\"— Kitto's \"Bib. Ency.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "210", "sort_key": 210, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "What  is  revealed  tvith  respect  to  heaven  as  a  place  ?", "answer": "All the Scripture representations of heaven involve the idea of a definite place, as well as of a state of blessedness. Of that place, however, nothing more is revealed than that it is defined by the local presence of Christ's finite soul and body, and that it is the scene of the pre-eminent manifestation of God's glory. John xvii. 24; 2 Cor. v. 9; Rev. v. 6. From such passages as Rom. viii. 19-23; 2 Pet. iii. 5-13; Rev. xxi. 1, it appears not improbable that after the general destruction of the present form of the world by fire, which shall accompany the judgment, this world will be reconsti- tuted, and gloriously adapted to be the permanent residence of Christ and his church. As there is to be a \" spiritual body,\" there may be in the same sense a spiritual world, that is, a world adapted to be the theatre of the glorified spirits of the saints made perfect. As nature was cursed for man's sake, and the creature, through him, made subject to vanity, it may be that they sliall share in his redemption and exaltation. — See Fair- bairn's \"Typology,\" Part H., Chap, ii., sec. 7. 4. Wherein does the blessedness of heaven consist as far as revealed ? 1st. Negatively, in perfect deliverance from sin, and from all its evil consequences, physical, moral, and social. — Rev. vii. 16, 17; xxi. 4, 27. 2d. Positively. (1.) In the perfection of our nature, both material and spiritual; the full development and harmonious exercise of all our faculties, intellectual and moral, and in the unrestrained progress thereof to eternity. — 1 Cor. xiii. 9-12; XV. 45-49; 1 John iii. 2. (2.) In the sight of our blessed Re- deemer, communion with his person, and fellowship in all his glory and blessedness, and through him with saints and angels. John xvii. 24; 1 John i. 3; Rev. iii. 21; xxi. 3, 4, 5. (3.) In that \"beatific vision of God,\" which, consisting in the ever increasingly clear discoveiy of the divine excellence lovingly THE BLESSEDNESS OF HEAVEN. 579 apprehended, transforms the soul into the same image, from glory unto glory. — Matt. v. 8; 2 Cor. iii. 18. In meditating upon what is revealed of the conditions of heavenly existence two errors are to be avoided: 1st, the ex- treme of regarding the mode of existence experienced by the saiats in heaven as too nearly analogous to that of our earthly life; 2d, the opposite extreme of regarding the conditions of the heavenly life as too widely distinguished from that of our present experience. The evil effect of the first extreme will, of course, be to degrade by unworthy associations our concep- tions of heaven; while the evil efiect of the opposite extreme will be in great measure to destroy the moral power which a hope of heaven should naturally exert over our hearts and lives, by rendering our conceptions of it vague, and our sym- pathy with its characteristics consequently distant and feeble. To avoid both of these extremes, we sliould fix the limits within which our conceptions of tlie future existence of the saints must range, by distinguishing between tliose elements of man's na- ture, and of his relations to God and other men, wliich are essential and unchangeable, and those elements which must be changed in order to render his nature in his relations per- fect. 1st. The following must be changed: (1) all sin and its consequences must be removed; (2) \"spiritual bodies\" must take the place of our present flesh and blood; (3) the new heavens and the new earth must take the place of tlie present heavens and earth, as the scene of man's life; (4) the laws of social organization must be radically changed, since in heaven there will be no marriage, but a social order analogous to that of the \" angels of God \" introduced. 2d. The following elements are essential, and therefore unchangeable. (1.) Man will continue ever to exist, as com- pounded of two natures, spiritual and material. (2.) He is essentially intellectual, and must live by knowledge. (3.) He is essentially active, and must have work to do. (4.) Man can, as a finite creature, know God only mediately, ?. e., through his works of creation and providence, the experience of his gracious work upon our hearts, and through his incarnate Son, who is the image of his person, and the fulness of the Godhead bodily. God will therefore in heaven continue to teach man through his works, and to act upon him by means of motives addressed to his will through his understanding. (5.) The memory of man never finally loses the slightest impression, and it will belong to the perfection of the heavenly state that every experience acquired in the past will alwa^'s be within the perfect control of the will. (6.) I\\Ian is essentially a social being. This, taken in connection with the preceding point, 580 HEAVEN AND HELL. indicates the conclusion that the associations, as well as the experience of our earthly life, will cany all of their natural consequences with them into the new mode of existence, except as far as they are necessarily modified (not lost) by the change. (7.) Man's life is essentially an eternal progress towards infinite perfection. (8.) All the known analogies of God's works in creation, in his providence in the material and moral world, and in his dispensation of grace (1 Cor. xii. 5-28), indicate that in heaven saints will differ among themselves both as to inherent capacities and qualities, and as to relative rank and otfice. These differences will doubtless be deter- mined («) by constitutional differences of natural capacity, (/v) by gracious rewards in heaven corresponding in kind and degree to the gracious fruitfulness of the individual on earth, (c) by the absolute sovereignty of the Creator. — Matt. xvi. 27 ; Rom. ii. 6 ; 1 Cor. xii. 4-28. 5. What are the principal terms, literal and figurative, which are applied in Scripture to thefidure condition of the reprobate ? As a place, it is sometimes literally designated by aidr/?, Hades, and sometimes by vsewa, both translated hell. — Matt. V. 22, 29, 30; Luke xvi. 23. Also by the phrase, \"place of tor- ment.\"— Luke xvi. 28. As a condition of suffering, it is literally designated by the phrases, \"wrath of God,\" Rom. ii. 5, and \" second death,\" Rev. xxi. 8. Figurative terms. — Everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels. — Matt, xxv, 4L The hell of fire, where the worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched. — Mark ix. 44. The lake which biu'neth Avith fire and brimstone. — Rev. xxi. 8. Bottomless pit. — Rev. ix. 2. The dreadful nature of this abode of the wicked is implied in such expressions as \" oiiter dark- ness,\" the place \"where there is weeping and gnashing of teeth,\" Matt. viii. 12; \"I am tormented in this flame,\" Luke xvi. 24; \"unquenchable fire,\" Luke iii. 17; \"furnace of fire,\" Matt. xiii. 42; \"blackness of darkness,\" Jude 13; \"torment in fire and brimstone,\" Rev. xiv. 10; \"the smoke of their torment ascendeth forever and ever, and they have no rest day nor night,\" Rev. xiv. 11. — Kitto's \" Bib. Ency.\" 0. What do the So'iptures teach as to the nature of future punishments ? The terms used in Scripture to describe these sufferings are evidently figurative, yet they certainly establish the following points. These sufferings will consist — 1st. In the loss of all good, whether natural, as granted through Adam, oFgi-acious, as offered through Christ. 2d. In all the natural consequences THE PENALTY OF SIN ENDLESS SUFFERING. 581 of unrestrained sin, judicial abandonment, utter alienation from God, and the awful society of lost men and devils. — 2 Thess. i. 9. 3 J. In the positive infliction of torment, God's wrath and curse descending upon both the moral and physical nature of its objects. The Scriptures also establish the fact that these suf- ferings must be — 1st. Inconceivably dreadful in degree. 2d. Endless in duration. 3d. Various in degree, proportionately to the deserts of the subject. — Matt. x. 15 ; Luke xii. 48. 7. What is the -usage of the ivords, dioov, eternity, and dioavioi, eternal, in the New Testament, and tJie argument thence derived establishing the endless duration of future punishment ? 1st. The Greek language possesses no more emphatic terms with which to express the idea of endless duration than these. 2d. Although they are sometimes employed in the New Testa- ment to designate limited duration, je,t, in the vast majority of instances, they evidently designate unlimited duration. 3d. They are used to express the endless duration of God. (1.) dioov is thus used, 1 Tim. i. 17, and as applied to Christ, Rev. i. 18. (2.) dioavioi is thus used, Rom. xvi. 26, and as applied to the Holy Ghost. — Heb. ix. 14. 4th. They are used to express the endless duration of the future happiness of the saints. (1.) dioov is thus used. — John vi. 57, 58; 2 Cor. ix. 9. (2.) diojvioi is thus used. — Matt. xix. 29; Mark x. 30; John iii. 15; Rom. ii. 7. 5th. In Matt. XXV. 46, the very same word is used in a single clause to define at once the duration of the future happiness of the saints, and the misery of the lost. Thus the Scriptures do ex- pressly declare that the duration of the future misery of the lost is to be in precisely the same sense unending, as is either the life of God, or the blessedness of the saints. See the learned, independent, and conclusive critical examination of the New Testament usage of these words by the late Prof Moses Stuart, \" Stuart's Essays on Future Punishment,\" published Presby. Board of Publication. 8. What evidence for the truth on this subject is furnished hy the Neil) Testament uscuje of tlie word dCdios? This word, formed from dsi, always, forever, signifies, in classical Greek, eternal. It occurs only twice in the New Tes- tament, Rom. i. 20, \" even his eternal power and Godhead,\" and Jude 6, \" Angels reserved in everlasting chains.\" But lost men share the fate of lost angels. — Matt. xxv. 41 ; Rev. xx. 10. Thus the same word expresses the duration of the Godhead and of the sufierings of the lost. 582 HEAVEN AND HELL.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "211", "sort_key": 211, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "What  other  evidence  do  the  Scriptures  furnish  on  this  subject  ?", "answer": "1st. There is nothing in the Scriptures which, even by the most remote implication, suggests that the sufferings of the lost shall ever end. 2(1. The constant application to the subject of such figura- tive language as, \"fire that shall not be quenched,\" \"fire un- quenchable,\" \"the Avorm that never dies,\" \"bottomless pit,\" the necessity of paying the \"uttermost farthing,\" \"the smoke of their torment arising forever and ever,\" Luke iii. 17 ; ]\\lark ix. 45, 46; Rev. xiv. 10, 11, is consistent only with the conviction that God wills us to believe on his authority that future punish- ments are literall}^ endless. It is said of those who commit the unpardonable sin that they shall never be forgiven, \"neither in this world nor in that which is to come.\" — Matt. xii. 32. It is argued that this language is figurative, and the dictum is quoted '^Theologia syrtiholica non est demonsfrafiva.\" This is true. But of what are these the figures? What does God in- tend to signify by such symbols? They may miquestionably be pulled to pieces severally, and their meaning brought into doubt in detail. But it must be remembered — (1.) That this language is characteristic of all God's revelations to us of the future of those who die impenitent. Such descriptions color uniformly the whole presentation. (2.) The Bible was intended for popular instruction. Hence the obvious meaning must have been the one intended to be conveyed, and hence the one to which the divine veracity is pledged. This is especially a Aveighty consideration in the case of this doctrine, because — (rt.) It is a practical one of personal concernment, (h.) The language occurs frequently, and strikes the eye of every reader. (<\\) The entire historical church (with only individual excep- tions) have, as a matter of fact, interpreted it in the sense of endless suffering. And this in spite of the constant and tremen- dous pressure of human desires toward the opposite conclusion. 10. What presumption on this sidy'ect is afforded by reason and experience ? The Scriptures teach us — (1.) That man is dead in sin and morally impotent. (2.) That repentance and faith are wrought in the soul by the Holy Ghost. Experience teaches us that repentance and faith are as duties exceedingly difficult under the nu)st favorable conditions. Reason and experience unite in teaching us tliat they become more difficult and unusual the longer a person lives and the more definitely his moral char- acter and habits are fixed. 1st. The most favorable possible conditions are afforded in THEORIES OF ANNIHILATION AND RESTORATION. 583 this life. Youth, immature character, the word and the Spirit, and the providence of God and the Christian Church. Su- pernatural demonstrations and purgatorial sufferings would have no equal moral effect. \"If they hear not JMoses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded though one rose from the dead.\" — Luke xvi. 31. 2d. The law of habit and fixed moral character leads to the conclusion, that the hope of a favorable change must rapidly decrease in proportion as it is delayed. 11. What two views on this subject have been held by different parties in opposition to the faith of the tvhole Christian Church, and the clear teaching of God's ivord ? I. That of the total extinction of the being of the finall}^ reprobate, as the sentence of the \" second death,\" after the last Judgment. This doctrine is styled popularly \"The Annihila- tion of the Wicked,\" and by its advocates \"Conditronal Immor- telTty.\" It has been advocated ably in \" Debt and Grace as related to the Doctrine of a Future Life,\" by C. F. Hudson, and in \"The Duration and Nature of Future Punishment,\" by Henry Constable, and \"View of Scripture Revelation concerning a Future State,\" by Archb. Whately, and in \" Life in Christ,\" by Edward White. They argue that the word \"death\" means always \"cessation of being,\" and \"eternal destruction\" means always the \"putting- out of existence.\" We answer — (1.) They fail utterly in their attempt to show that the words and phrases cited ever have, and much more that they always have, the sense contended for. (2.) Their doctrine is in plain contradiction of the uniform representation of Scripture as to the ultimate state of the finally impenitent as illustrated above, Ques. 9. (3.) Their doctrine is in contradic- tion of the natural and universal instinct of immortality wit- nessed to by the religions and literatures of all nations, whether heathen, Jewish, or Christian. II. The opinion of those who agree in general in teaching the future restoration of sinners after an indefinite period of purifying discipline subsequent to death, whether in the inter- mediate state or after the judgment (see above, Ch. XXXVII., Ques. 21). This view rests, (1) upon a class of texts presumed to teach the restitution of all things as Acts iii. 21; Eph. i. 10; Col. i. 19, 20, etc. (2.) Upon what they claim to be a moral intuition that endless punishment would be imworthy of God. We ANSWER — 1st. The passages of Scripture upon which the argument is based would be consistent with this view of ulti- mate universal salvation, if there were no exi^licit statements 584 HEAVEN AND HELL. of Scripture to the contrary. Each class of Scripture must be interpreted in view of the other. And it is self-evident that the general and indefinite must be ruled by the definite and ex- plicit. It is an axiom that the phrase \"all\" and \"all things\" in- clude more or less according to the subject. We gladly admit — (1) that ALL in Christ shall be made alive, and (2) that he will be made head of all things absolutely without exception, in the sense that the entire universe, including friends and foes, shall be subjected to his royal supremacy, all revolt subdued, and each class put into its own sphere. — See below, Ques. 14. 2d. The \"intuitions\" upon Avhich the doctrine is founded are shown below, Ques. 12 and 13, not to be trustworthy. 3d. See above, Ques. 10, as the hope of moral reformation in another life is not accordant with the representations of Scripture, so it is not confirmed by the lessons of reason and experience. 12. Wliai objections are urged against this doctrine derived from the justice of God? The justice of God requires — (1.) That none should suffer for that for which they are not responsible. (2.) That punish- ment should in every case be exactly proportioned to the guilt of the subject. But it is objected — 1st. Multitudes in Christian as well as in heathen lands are not responsible for their impenitency, be- cause they have never in their whole lives had an opportunity of knowing or of receiving Christ. We ANSWER — that the direct statements of the Bible, the whole analogy of the Christian system, and the experience of all Christians, unite in afiirming that all human nature is guilty and deserving of the wrath and curse of God anterior to the gift or the rejection of Christ. If it were not so Christ need not have been given to expiate guilt. If it were not so Christ would be \" dead in vain,\" and salvation would be of debt and not of GRACE. It is objected — 2d. No sin of a finite creature can deserve an infinite punishment, but all endless punishment is infinite. We ANSWER — that the word infinite in this connection is misleading. It is plain that endless sin deserves endless punish- ment, and that is all the Scriptures or the Church teach. One sin deserves the wrath and curse of God. He is under no obli- gation in justice to provide a redemption. The instant a soul sins it is cut off from the commvniion and life of God. As long as it continues in that state it will continue to sin. As long as it continues to sin, it will continue to deserve his wrath and curse. It is obvious that the sinful tempers and conduct in- OBJECTIONS STATED AND ANSWERED. 585 dulged in hell will deserve and receive punishment as strictly as those previously indulged in this life. Otherwise the mon- strous prniciple would be true that the worse a sinner becomes the less is he worthy of blame or punishment. It is objected — 3d. The infinite does not admit of degrees, yet the guilt of diiferent sinners is various. We ANSWER — this is a dishonest cavil. It is plain that suf- ferings alike endless may vary indefinitely in degree. It is objected — 4th. That the moral difference between the lowest saint saved and the most amiable sinner lost may be imperceptible, yet the difference of destiny is infinite. We ANSWER — that this is all true, but the ground of the treatment of the most unworthy believer is the righteousness of Christ, and the ground of the treatment of the least unworthy unbeliever is his own character and conduct. 13, What objection drawn from the benevolence of God is urged against this doctrine ? It is claimed — 1st. That the benevolence of God prompts him to do all in his power to promote their happiness. And as^we have no right to limit that power, we are warranted to hope that he will ultimately secure the happiness of all. We ANSWER — (1.) God's benevolence prompts him to secure the happiness of all his creatures as far as that is consistent with his other attributes of wisdom, holiness, and justice. (2.) We have constant experience that he does inflict upon his creatures evils which have no tendency and no influence in promoting the ultimate happiness of the individuals con- cerned. (3) The benevolence of the supreme IMoral Governor, as concerned for the peace and purity of the universe, concurs Avith his justice in demanding the execution of the full penalty of the law upon all law-breakers, especially upon all who have aggravated their guilt by the rejection of his crucified Son. It is claimed — 2d. That the cultivated intuitions of Christian men assure them that it is inconsistent with the moral perfec- tions of God^Vs^ to bring into existence immortal beings under conditions common to the majority of men, and then to doom them to an after-life of endless misery. We ANswer — (1.) The permission of sin in general is a mys- tery. The ante-natal forfeiture of human beings in Adam is a mystery. But every enlightened human being knows himself to be without excuse, and worth}' of God's wrath. (2.) God has shown his sense of the terrible guilt of men by the penalty he executed upon his own Son, when he suffered in our place. (3.) It is absurd for us to claim that our intuitions are adequate to determine what it will be right for the Moral Governor of all 586 HEAVEN AND HELL. the universe to do Avith finally impenitent sinners. Doubtless righteousness in him is precisely what righteousness is in a per- fectly righteous man. But we do not know all the conditions of the case, and our \"intuitions\" \"are darkened by sin (Heb. iii. 13). Hence our only source of reliable knowledge is the word of God, and that, as we have seen, gives us no ground to hope for repentance beyond the grave. (2.) It is absolutely cruel to follow the example of the devil with Eve in persuading the people that after all God may be more benevolent than the language of his word implies (Gen. iii. 3, 4). 14. What argument for the future restoration of all rational creatures to holiness and happiness is founded upon Rom. v. 18, 19 ; 1 Cor. XV. 22-28; Eph. i. 10; Col. i. 19, 20.? In regard to Rom. v. 18, it is argued that the phrase \"all men \" must have precisely the same extent of application in the one clause as in the other. We answer, 1st, the phrase \" all men \" is often used in Scripture in connections which nec- essarily restrict the sense. — John iii. 26; xii. 32. 2d. In this case the phrase \"all men\" is evidently defined by the qualify- ing phrase, ver. 17, \"Avho have received abundance of grace and the gift of righteousness.\" 3d. This contrast between the \" all men \" in Adam and the \" all men \" in Christ is consistent with the analogy of the whole gospel. In regard to 1 Cor. xv. 22, the argument is the same as that drawn from Rom. v. 18. From verses 25-28 it is argued that the great end of Christ's mediatorial reign must be the restora- tion of every creature to holiness and blessedness. To this we answer, 1st, this is a strained interpretation put upon these words, which they do not necessarily bear, and which is clearly refuted by the many direct testimonies we have cited from Scripture above. 2d. It is inconsistent with the scope of Paul's subject in this passage. He says that from eternity to the ascension God reigned absolutely. From the ascension to the restitution of all things God reigns in the person of the God- man as Mediator. From the restitution to eternity God will again reign directly as absolute God. The ultimate salvation of all creatures is argued also from Eph. i. 10; Col. i. 19, 20. In both passages, however, the \"all things\" signify the whole company of angels and redeemed men, who are gathered under the dominion of Christ. Because, 1st, in both passages the subject of discourse is the church, not the vniiverse; 2d, in both passages the \"all things\" is limited by the qualifying phrases, \"the predestinated,\" \"we who first trusted in. Christ,\" \"the accepted in the beloved,\" \"if ye con- F/EIV OF SOME ARMINIANS. 587 tinue in the faith,\" etc., etc. See Hodge's \" Commentaries on Romans, 1st Coriutliians, and Ephesians.\" 15. Wliat opinio7is have prevailed among extreme Arminians on this subject ? From their fundamental principles as to the relation of ability to responsibility, they mnst hold that none can perish who have not in some form and degree or another had an op- portunity of availing themselves of salvation through Christ. In order to avoid the obvious inferences from the broad facts of the case, some have supposed that God may extend the probation of some beyond this life. — Scot's \" Christian Life.\" Limborch (Lib. iv., c. xi.) says, that probably all who make a good use of their light in this world will be saved, but if we reject this, rather than believe that the divine goodness could condemn to hell fire these (the ignorant) it appears better to hold that as there is a threefold estate of mankind in this life, — of behevers, of unbelievers, and of the ignorant, — so there is also a threefold estate after this life : of eternal life for believers, of infernal sufferings for unbelievers, and besides these the status ignorantium. CHAPTER XLI. SACRAMENTS, 1. What is the etymology and what the classical and patristic usage of tJie tvord ^^ sac r amentum?\" 1st. It is derived from sacro, are, to make sacred, dedicate to gods or sacred uses. 2d. In its classical usage it signified — (1.) That by which a person binds himself to another to perform any thing. (2.) Thence a sum deposited with the court as pledge, and which, if forfeited, was devoted to sacred uses. (3.) Also an oath, especially a soldier's oath of faithful consecration to his coun- try's service. — Ainsworth's \" Die.\" 3d. The Fathers used this word in a conventional sense as equivalent to the Greek MvSrrjpiov, a mystery, i. e., something luiknown until revealed, and hence an emblem, a type, a rite having some latent spiritual meaning known only to the in- itiated, or instructed. The Greek fathers applied the term Mvdn^piov to the Chris- tian ordinances of baptism and the Lord's Supper, inasmuch as these rites had a spiritual significance, and were thus a form of revelation of divine truth. The Latin fathers used the word \"sacramentum \" as a Latin word, in its own proper sense, for any thing sacred in itself, or having the power of binding, or consecrating men, and in addition they used it as the equivalent of the Greek word jnv6r?'/piov, i. e., in the entirely different sense of a revealed truth, or a sign or symbol revealing a truth otherwise hidden. This fact has given to the usage of this word \" sacramentum,\" in the scholastic theology, an injurious latitude and indefinite- ness of meaning. Thns in Eph. iii. 3, 4, D; v. 32; 1 Tim. iii. 16; Rev. i. 20, the word nvdrr/fnov truly bears the sense of \"the revelation of a truth undiscoverable by reason,\" and it is trans- lated in such passages in the English version, mystery, and in THEIR DEFINITIOiV. 589 the Latin vulgate, ^^ sacramentumy Thus the Romish church uses the same word in two entirely different senses, applying it indifferently to baptism and the Lord's Supper \" as bindnig ordinances,\" and to the union of believers with Christ as a re- vealed truth. — Eph. V. 32. And hence they absurdly infer that matrimony is a sacrament. 2. What is the definition of a sacrament, as given by the Fathers, the Schoolmen, the Romish Church, the Church of England, and in our own Standards ? 1st. Augustine's definition is \" Signum rei sacrse,\" or \" Sac- ramentum est invisibilis gratise visibile signum, ad nostram justificationem institutum;\" \"accedit verbum ad elementum, et fit sacramentum.\" 2d. Victor of St. Hugo : \" Sacramentum est visibilis forma invisibilis gratis in eo collatse.\" 3d. The Council of Trent: \"A sacrament is something pre- sented to the senses, which has the power, by divine institu- tion, not only of signifying, but also of efficiently conveying grace.\" — \"Cat, Eom.,\" Part II., Chap, i., Q. 6. 4th. The Church of England, in the 25th article of religion, affirms that \" Saci'aments instituted by Christ are not only the badges and tokens of the profession of Christian men, but rather they be certain sure witnesses and effectual signs of grace, and of God's good will towards us, by the which he doth work inwardly in us, and doth not only quicken, but also strengthen and confirm our faith in him.\" 5th. The \"Westminster Assembly's Larger Cat.,\" Q. 162 and 163, affirms that a \" Sacrament is a holy ordinance insti- tuted by Christ in his church, to signify, seal, and exhibit to those who are within the covenant of grace the benefits of his mediation, to increase their faith and all otlier graces, to oblige them to obedience, to testify and cherish their love and com- munion with one another, and to distinguish them from tliose that are without.\" \"The parts of a sacrament are two, the one an outward and sensible sign used according to Christ's own appointment; the other an inward spiritual grace thereby signified.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "212", "sort_key": 212, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "On  lohat  principles  is  such  a  definition  to  he  constructed  ?", "answer": "1st. It is to be remembered that the terra \"sacrament\" does not occur in the Bible. 2d. From the extreme latitude with which this term has been used, both in the sense proper to it as a Latin word, and in that attributed to it as the conventional equivalent of the 590 SACRAMENTS. Greek word i.iv6Tr} (nov , it is evident that no definition of a gos- pel ordinance can be arrived at by a mere reference either to the etymology or ecclesiastical usage of the word \"sacramentum.\" 3d. The definition of a class of gospel ordinances can be properly formed only by a comparison of all the Scriptures teach concerning the origin, nature, and design of those ordi- nances universally recognized as belonging to that class, and thus by determining those essential elements which are com- mon to each member of the class, and which distinguish them as a class from all other divine ordinances. 4th. Those ordinances which are \" universally recognized \" as sacraments are baptism and the Lord's Supper. \"Thomas Aquinas agreed with other theologians, 'Summa,' P. III., Qu. 62, Art. 5, in regarding baptism and the Lord's Supper as ^ potissima sacramentcL '' — Hagenbach, The true question then is. Are there any other divine ordinances having the essential char- ctcteristics which are common to baptism and the Lord's Supper ? 4. Ho20 many sacraments do Romanists make, and hoiv may the controversy between them and the Protestants be decided ? The Roman church teaches that there are seven sacraments, viz., baptism, confirmation, the Lord's Supper, penance, extreme unction, orders, marriage. We maintain,, however, that only baptism and the Lord's Supper can be properly embraced under either the Protestant or the Catholic definitions of a sacrament, as given above. Ques- tion 2. 1st. Confirmation, penance, and extreme unction are not divine institutions, having no warrant whatever in Scripture. 2d. That marriage instituted by God in Paradise, and ordi- nation to the gospel ministry instituted by Christ, although both divine institutions, are evidently not ordinances of the same kind with baptism and the Lord's Supper, and do not meet the conditions of either definitions of a sacrament, since they neither signify nor convey any inward grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "213", "sort_key": 213, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "What  tivo  things  are  included  in  every  sacrament  ?", "answer": "1st. \" An outward visible sign used according to Christ's own appointment; 2d, an inward spiritual grace thereby sig- nified.\"—\" L. Cat,\" Q. 163. See below, \"Apol. Aug. Conf\" (Hase), p. 267. The Romanists, in the language of the Schoolmen, distin- guish between the matter and the form of a sacrament. The matter is that part of the sacrament subjected to the senses, and significant of grace, e. </., the water, and the act of applying the RELATION OF SIGN TO GRACE SIGNIFIED. 591 water in baptism, and the bread and wine, and the acts of breaking the bread, and pouring out the wine in the Lord's Supper. The form is the divine word used by the minister in administering the elements, devoting them thus to the office of signifying grace. 6. What., according to the Romanists, is the relation hettoeen the sign and the grace signified ? They hold that in consequence of the divine institution, and in virtue of tiie \"power of the Omnipotent which exists in them,\" the grace signified is contained in the very nature of the sacraments themselves, so that it is always conferred, ex opere operato (i. e., ex vi ipsius actionis sacramentalis), upon every receiver of them who does not oppose a positive obstacle thereto. Thus they understand the \"sacramental union,\" or relation between the sign and the grace signified to be p/«/s/ca/, or that which subsists between a substance and its properties, i. e., the virtue of conferring grace is, in the sacraments, as the virtue of burning is in fire. — \"Council of Trent,\" Sess. 7, Cans. 6 and 8. \" Cat. Rom.,\" Part II., Chap, i., Q. 18. Bellarmin, \"De Sacram.,\" 2, 1.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "214", "sort_key": 214, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "What  is  the  Zivinglian  doctrine  on  this  subject  ?", "answer": "Zwingle, the reformer of Switzerland, held a position at the opposite extreme to that of the Romish church, viz., that the sign simply represents by appropriate symbols, and symbolical actions, the grace to which it is related. Thus the sacraments are only effective means of the objective presentation of the truth symbolized. 8. In what sense is the loord \" exhibit \" used in our standards in reference to this subject ? Compare \" Con. of Faith,\" Chap, xxvii.. Sec. 3, and Chap, xxviii.. Sec. 6, and \" L. Cat.,\" Q. 162. This word is derived from the Latin word \" exhibeo,\" which bore the twofold sense of conveying and of disclosing. It is evi- dent that the term \"exhibit\" has retained in our standards the former sense of conveying., conferring. As in medical language, \"to exhibit a remedy\" is to administer it. 9. What is the common doctrine of the Reformed churches as to the relation of the sign to the grace signified ? The Reformed confessions agree in teaching that this rela- tion is, 1st, simply moral, i. e., it is established only by the 592 ■ SACRAMENTS. institution and promise of Christ, and it depends upon the right administration of the ordinance, and upon the faith and knowl- edge of the recipient. And, 2d, that it is real, that is, when rightly administered, and when received by the recipient with knowledge and faith they do really, because of the promise of Christ, seal the grace signified, and convey it to the recipient, {. e., the recipient does receive the grace with the sign. This doctrine, therefore, includes, 1st, the Zwinglian view, that the outward visible sign truly signifies the grace. And, 2d, that they are, as ordinances of God's appointment, seals attached to the promise to authenticate it, as the natural phe- nomenon of the rainbow was made a seal of God's promise to Noah in virtue of the divine appointment. 3d. That as seals thus accompanying a divine promise by divine authority, they do actually convey the grace they signify to those for whom that grace is intended, and who are in a proper spiritual state to receive it, \" as a key conveys admission, a deed an estate, the ceremony of marriage the rights of marriage.\" See Tur- retin, L. xix.. Question 4; \"Conf. of Faith,\" Chap, xxvii. ; \" L. Cat.,\" Questions 162, 163; \"Cat. Gene.,\" sec. 5th, \"de Sacra- mentis;\" \"Conf Faith of the French Church,\" article 34; \"Old Scotch Conf.,\" section 21.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "215", "sort_key": 215, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "What  is  the  design  of  the  sacraments  ?", "answer": "1st. That they should signify, seal, and exhibit to those within the covenant of grace the benefits of Christ's redemp- tion, and thus as a principal means of grace edify the church. Matt. iii. 11; Gen. xvii. 11, 13; 1 Cor. x. 2-21; xi. 23-26; xii. 13; Rom. ii. 28, 29; iv. 11; vi. 3, 4; Gal. iii. 27; 1 Pet. iii. 21. 2d. That they should be visible badges of membership in the church, to. put a visible difference between the professed followers of Christ and the world, Gen xxxiv. 14; Ex. xii. 48; Eph. ii. 19; \"Conf. Faith,\" Chap, xxvii., section 1. The Romish Doctrine as to the Efficacy of the Sacraments. 11. What is the Romish doctrine as to the efficacy of the Sac- raments ? 1st. As shown above, under Question 6, they hold that the sacraments contain the grace which they signify. That this grace-conferring energy is inseparable from a genuine sacra- ment, and that as an objective fact, they contain it at all times, and present it alike to all subjects irrespective of character. 2d. In every case of their application, except when posi- ROMISH DOCTRINE AS TO THEIR EFFICACY. 593 tively opposed and nullified, they effect the grace they signify, as an o-pit^ operatum, i. e., by the mere inherent power of the sacramental action itself 12. Upon lohat conditions on the part of the administrator do they believe that the efficacy of the sacrament depends? The genuineness of a sacrament on the part of the adminis- trator, depends, according to the Romanists — 1st. On his being canonically authorized. In case of the sacraments of orders and confirmation he must be a bishop in communion with the pope. In the case of the other sacraments he must be a regular popish priest. The personal character of the bishop or priest, even though he be in mortal sin, does not prevent the effect. — \"Con. Trident,\" Sess. can. 12. 2d. The administrator must, in the act, exercise the posi- tive intention of effecting what the chiirch intends to be effected by each sacrament. Dens (Vol. V., p. 127) says, \"To the valid performance of the sacrament is required the intention upon the part of the officiating minister of doing that which the church does. The necessary intention in the minister consists in an act of his will, by which he wills the external action witli the intention of doing what the church does;\" that is, of performing a valid sacrament. Otlierwise, although every external action may be regularly per- formed, the whole is void. See \"Con. Trent,\" Sess. 7, canon 11. This leaves the recipient entirely at the mercy of the minister, since the validity of the whole service depends upon his secret intention, and is evidently one of the devices of that anti-Chris- tian church to make the people dependent upon the priesthood. 13. What is the sense in which Protestants admit '■^ intention\" to he necessary ? They admit that in order to render the outward service a valid sacrament, it must be performed with the ostensible pro- fessed design of compl;y'^ng thereby with the command of Christ, and of doing what he requires to be done by those who accept the gospel covenant. 14. What condition do the Romanists hold to he essential to the efficacy of a sacrament., on the part of the subject ? 1st. In the case of infant baptism no condition upon the part of the subject is necessary. 2d. On the part of adults, the only condition is that they shall not positively oppose them by absolute infidelity or resist- ance of will {non ponentibus ohicem). Faith and repentance, as 38 594 SACRAMENTS. these are possible to the iinregenerate soul, are also required as necessary to the effect of baptism (\" Cat. Eom.,\" Pt. II., Chap, ii., Ques. 39). Bellarmin, \"De Sacramentis,\" 2, 1, says that the will to be baptized, taith, and penitence, are necessary dispositions enabling' the sacrament to produce its effect, just as dryness on the part of wood is the condition of the fire burning it when applied, but never the cause of the burning. 15. What according to the Papal Church are the effects produced hy the sacraments? 1st. Justifying (sanctifying) grace. 2d. Three of the sacraments, baptism, confirmation, and or- ders, also impress upon the subject \"a character.\" This \"sac- ramental character\" (from the Greek word x^xpcxnrTJft, a mark, or device, engraved or impressed hy a seal) is a distinctive and indelible impression stamped on the soul, \" the twofold effect of which is, that it qualifies us to receive or perform something sacred, and distinguishes one from another.\" It is upon this account that baptism and confirmation are never repeated, and that the authority and privileges of the priesthood can never be alienated. — \"Cat. Rom.,\" Part IL, Chap, i., Q. 21-25; \" Council Trent,\" Sess. 7, can. 9.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "216", "sort_key": 216, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "Hoiv  may  this  doctrine  he  disproved  ?", "answer": "That the sacraments have not the power of conveying grace to all, whether they are included within the covenant of grace or not, or Avhether they possess faith or not, is certain, because — 1st. They are seals of the gospel covenant (see below, Ques- tion 14). But a seal merely ratifies a covenant as a covenant. It can convey the grace promised only on the supposition that the conditions of the covenant are fulfilled. But salvation and every spiritual blessing is by that covenant declared to depend upon the condition of faith. 2d. Knowledge and faith are required as the prerequisite conditions necessary to be found in all applicants, as the essen- tial qualification for receiving the sacraments. — Acts ii. 41 ; viii. 37; x. 47; Rom. iv. 11. 3d. Faith is essential to render the sacraments efficacious. Eom. ii. 25-29; 1 Cor. xi. 27-29; 1 Pet. iii. 21. 4th. Many who receive the sacraments are notoriously with- out the grace they signify. Witness the case of Simon j\\Iagus, Acts viii. 9-21, and of many of the Corinthians and Galatians, and of the majority of nominal Christians in tlie present day. 5th. ]\\Iany have had the grace without the sacraments. Witness Abraham, the thief upon the cross, and Cornelius the LUTHERAN VIEW AS TO THEIR EFFICACY. 595 centurion, and a multitude of eminent Christians among the Society of Friends. 6th. This doctrine blasphemously ties down the grace of the ever living and sovereign God, and puts its entire disposal into the hands of fallible and often wicked men. 7th. This doctrine is an essential element of that ritualistic and priestly system which prevailed among the Pharisees, and against which the Avhole New Testament is a protest. 8th. The uniform effect of this system has been to exalt the power of the priests, and to confound all knowledge as to the nature of true religion. As the baptized, as a matter of fact, do not always nor generally bear the fruits of the Spirit, all rit- ualists agree in regarding these fruits as. not essential to salva- tion. Where this system prevails vital godliness expires. Doctrine op Protestant Churches as to the Efficacy of the Sacraments. 17. Wliat is the Lutheran doctrine as to the efficacy of the sacraments ? 1st. They reject the popish doctrine that the sacraments effect grace ex opere operctto. 2d. They maintain that their grace-conferring efficacy resides in the sacraments intrinsically. 3d. That as an objective fact it is communicated to every recipient, whether he have faith or not. 4:th. But it takes effect only in those who have true faith to receive it. As the healing virtue resided in Christ whether the woman touched or not (Matt. ix. 20), yet it would not have availed her unless she had believed and touched. 5th. They hold that this efficacy resides not in the sign or ceremony, but in the Word which accompanies the sign and constitutes it a sacrament. The efficacy is not due to the mere moral power of the truth, nor to the faith of the recipient, but it is supernatural, residing in the power of the Holy Ghost. But not the power of the Holy .Ghost as extrinsic to the truth, but as dwelling in it, and inseparable from it — the virtus Sjjir- itus Sancti intrinsicus ctcredens. See Krauth's \" Conservative Reformation,\" pp. 825-830. 18. JVhat is the Zwinglian and Remonstrant vieio as to the same ? The tendency of thought on this subject first developed by Zwingle was afterward carried out more fully by the Eemon- strants of the next century, and to a greater extent by the 596 SACRAMENTS. Socinians. Low views as to the nature and efficacy of the sacraments have also largely prevailed in this centnry among all evangelical churches, in reaction from the extreme views of the Eomanists and Ritualists. For a general statement of this mode of thought see above, Ques. 7. 19. State the, doctrine of the Reformed churches on this subject. As to their doctrine of the relation of the sign to the grace signified, see above, Ques. 9. Hence as to the efficacy of the sacraments the Reformed — 1st. Deny that they confer grace as an ojyus operatum. 2d. They affirm that they convey no grace to the unworthy recip- ient. 3d. That their efficacy is not of the mere moral power of the truth they symbolize. 4th. That they do really confer grace upon the worthy recipient. 5th. But they do this instru- mentally, because the supernatural efficiency is not due to them, nor to him that administers them, but to the Holy Spirit who as a free personal agent uses them sovereignly as his instru- ments to do his will (virtus Sjnritus Sancti extrinsicus accedens). 6th. That as seals of the covenant of grace they convey and confirm grace to those to whom it belongs, i. e., that is to those who are within that covenant, and in the case of adults, only through a living laith. 7th. That the grace conferred by the sacraments often is conferred upon true believers before and without their use. 20. By lohat evidence is the truth of the Eeformed Doctrine established ? The truth of the Reformed doctrine is established on the one hand by the evidence disproving the truth of the Romish doctrine, set forth under Ques. 16. Its truth as opposed to the meagre Zwinglian view, on the other hand, is established as follows: (1.) That the sacraments are not only signs of the grace of Christ, but also seals of the gospel covenant offering us that grace upon the condition of faith, \" is evident from the fact that Paul says that circumcision is the seal of the right- eousness of faith. — Rom. iv. 11. And that the apostle regarded baptism in the same light is evident from Col. ii. 11. In refer- ence to the Lord's Supper, the Saviour said, 'this cup is the new covenant in my blood,' {. e., the new covenant was ratified by his blood. Of that blood the cup is the appointed memorial, and it is, therefore, both the memorial and the confirmation of the covenant itself .... The gospel is represented under the form of a covenant. The sacraments are the seals of that covenant. God, in their appointment, binds himself to the ful- filment of his promises; his people, by receiving them, bind ROMISH VIEW AS TO THEIR NECESSITY. 597 themselves to trust and serve liim. This idea is inchided in the representation given (Rom. vi. 3, 4) in the formula of baptism, and in all those passages in Avhich a participation of Christian ordinances is said to include a profession of the gospel.\" (2.) As seals attached to the covenant, it follows that they actually convey the grace signified, as a legal form of investiture, to those to whom, according to the terms of the covenant, it belongs. Thus a deed, when signed and sealed, is said to convey the property it represents, because it is the legal form by which the intention of the original possessor is publicly expressed, and his act ratified. It is on this ground that in Scripture, as in common language, the names and attributes of the graces sealed are ascribed to the sacraments by which they are sealed and conveyed to their rightful possessors. — \"Conf Faith,\" Chap, xxvii., section 2. They are said to wash away sin, to unite to Christ, to save, etc. — Acts ii. 38; xxii. 16; Rom. vi. 2, 6; 1 Cor. x. 16; xii. 13; Gal. iii. 27; Titus iii. 5. \"Way of Life.\" The Necessity op the Sacraments. 21. Wliat doctrine do the Romanists maintain as to the necessity of the Sacraments ? The Romanists distinguish, 1st, between a condition abso- lutely necessary to attain an end, and one which is only highly convenient and helpful in order to it. And, 2d, between the necessit}'\" which attaches to essential means, and that obli- gation which arises from the positive command of God. Ac- cordingly, they hold that the several sacraments are necessary in different respects. Baptism they hold to be absolutely necessary, either its actual reception, or tlie honest purpose to receive it, alike for infants and adults, as the sole means of attaining salvation. Penance they hold to be absolutely necessary in the same sense, but only for those who have committed mortal sin subse- quently to their baptism. Orders they hold to be absolutely necessary in the same sense, yet not for every individual, as a means of personal sal- vation, but in respect to the whole church as a community. Confirmation, the Eucharist, and Extreme Unction are neces- sary only in the sense of having been commanded, and of being eminently helpful. JMarriage tliey hold to be necessary only in this second sense, and only for those wdio enter into the conjugal relation. — \" Cat. Rom.,\" Fart XL, Chap, i., Q. 13. 598 SACRAMENTS. Puseyitefs, and high churchmen generally, hold the dogma of baptismal regeneration, and of course the consequence that baptism is absolutely necessary as the sole means of salvation. 22. What is the Protestant doctrine as to the necessity of the sacraments ? 1st. That the sacraments of baptism and the Lord's Supper were instituted by Christ, and that their perpetual observance is obligatory upon the church upon the ground of the divine precept. This is evident (1) from the record of their institution, Matt, xxviii. 19; 1 Cor. xi. 25, 2Q>', (2) from the example of the apostles.— Acts ii. 41; viii. 37; 1 Cor. xi. 23-28; x. 16-21. 2d. That nevertheless the grace offered in the gospel cove- nant does not reside in these sacraments physically, nor is it tied to them inseparably, so that, although obligatory as duties, and helpful as means to those who are prepared to receive them, they are in no sense the essential means, Avithout which salva- tion can not be attained. This is proved by the arguments presented above, under Q. 16. The Validity of the Sacraments. This includes whatever is essential to the genuineness of a sacrament, in order that it may avail to the end of its institution.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "217", "sort_key": 217, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "What  are  the  various  opinions  on  this  subject?", "answer": "All church parties agree that there must be — 1st. The right \"matter,\" the proper elements, and actions. 2d. The right \"form,\" the prescribed words which attend its administration, and added to the \" form \" constitute the sacrament. 3d. The right \"intention,\" the serious design of doing what Christ com- manded in the institution of the rite. Different churches differ as to what are the proper \"matter,\" \"form,\" and \"intention.\" It appears certain that no one not sincerely believing in the supreme deity of Christ and in his office as Redeemer, and in the personality of the Holy Ghost, can possibly have the right \"intention.\" Hence the General Assembly, 1814 (\"Moore's Digest.,\" p. 660), decided, \"It is the deliberate and unanimous opinion of the Assembly, that those who renounce the fundamental doctrines of the Trinity, and deny that Jesus Christ is the same in substance, equal in power and glory with the Father, can not be recognized as ministers of the gospel, and that their ministrations (baptism, etc.) are wholly invalid.\" All churches agree that \"the efficacy of a sacrament does not depend upon the piety of him that doth THE CONDITIONS OF THEIR VALIDITY. 599 administer it.\" — \"Conf. Faith,\" Ch. xxvii., § 3, \"Can. Cone. Trident,\" Sess. 7, can. 11. And the \"GaUic Conf.,\" Art. 28, states the common opinion and practice of all the Protestant churches with respect to Romish baptism. \" Because, never- theless, that in the papacy some scant vestiges of the true church remain, and especially the substance of baptism, the efficacy of which does not depend on him that administers it, Ave acknowledge those baptized by them, not to need to be re- baptized, although on account of the corruptions adhering, no one can offer his infants to be baptized by them, without suf- fering pollution himself\" In respect to the qualifications of the person administrating the Papists maintain that it is essential to the validity of a sacrament that it should be administered by a canonically or- dained minister. For orders and confirmation a bishop, for the rest a priest. But on account of the absolute necessity (as they hold) of baptism for salvation, they admit \"all, even from among the laity, whether men or women, whatever sect they profess (to baptize). For this is permitted, if necessity compels, even to Jews, infidels or heretics, provided, however, they intend to perform what the Catholic Church performs in that act of her ministry.\" — \" Cat. of Cone. Trident,\" and \" Cone. Trident,\" Sess, 7, \" On Bapt.,\" can. 4. Protestants regard the sacraments both as a preaching of the Word, and as authoritative seals, and badges of church mem- bership. Their administration consequently must be confined to those church officers who possess by divine commission the office of teaching and ruling, \"neither of which (sacraments) may be dispensed by any, but by a minister of the Word, law- fully ordained.\" — \"Conf Faith,\" Ch. xxvii., §4 Not regarding baptism as essential to salvation, Protestants generally make no exception in favor of lay- baptism. — \"Directory for Worship,\" Ch. vii., § 1, Calvin's \"Instit.,\" Bk. IV., Ch. xv., § 20. The Authoeitative Statements of vAniotis Chiteches. EoMiSH Docteine. — '■'■Gdi. Cone. Trident,\" Pt. 2, ch. i., Ques. 8. — \"A sacrament is a thing lying open to the senses, which from the institution of God, has the power both of signifying and of effecting holiness and righteousness. \" ''Cone. Trident,\" Sess. 7, can. 1. — \"If any one saith that the sacra- ments of the New Law, were not all instituted by Jesus Christ, our Lord, or that they are more or less than seven, to wit, Baptism, Confirmation, the Eucharist, Penance, Extreme Unction, Order, and Matrimony; or even that any one of these seven is not truly and properly a sacrament; let him be anathema.\" Can. 4. — \"If any one saith that the sacraments of the New Law are not necessary unto salvation, but superfluous; and that, without them, 600 SACRAMENTS. or without the desire thereof, men obtain of God, through faith alone, the grace of justification (though all the sacraments are not necessary for every individual); let him be anathema.\" Can. 6. — \"If any one saith that the sacraments of the New Law do not contain the grace which they signify; or that they do not confer that grace on those who do not place an obstacle thereunto; as though they were merely outward signs of grace or justice received through faith, and certain marks of the Christian profession, whereby believers are dis- tinguished amongst men from unbelievers; let him be anathema.\" Can. 8. — \"If any one saith that by the sacraments of the New Law gi'ace is not conferred ex uptre openito, but that faith alone in the divine promise suffices for the obtaining of grace; let him be anathema.\" Can. 9.— \"If any one says that in the three sacraments, of Baptism, Confirmation, and Orders, there is not imprinted in the soul a character, that is a certain spiritual and indelible sign, on account of which they can not be repeated; let him be anathema.\" Can. 11. — \"If any one saith that in ministers, when they effect and confer the sacraments, there is not required the intention, at least, of doing what the Church does; let him be anathema.\" ''Cat. Cone. Trident,\" Ft. 2, ch. i., Ques. 24, 25.— \"The other effect of Bai)tism, Confirmation, and Orders is the character which they im- press on the soul. This character is, as it were, a certain distinctive mark impressed on the soul, which inhering, as it does perpetually, can never be blotted out ... it has a twofold effect: it both renders us fit to undertake and i^erform something sacred; and it serves to distin- guish us one from another by some mark. \" Belli trmin \"De Sac,\" 2, 1. — \"That which actively, proximately, and instrumeutally efiects the grace of justification is that sole external action which is called a sacrament, and tliis is called an opus operatum, being received passively (operatum), so that it is the same for a sacrament to confer grace ex opere operate, that it is to confer grace by virtue of the sacramental action itself, instituted by God for this end, and not from the merit either of the agent or of the receiver. . . . The will of God, which uses the sacrament, concurs indeed actively, but is the principal cause. The sufterings of Christ concur, but is the meritori- ous cause, not however the efficient (cause), since it is not in the act, but has passed away, although it remains objectively in the mind of God. The power and will of the minister necessarily concur, but they are remote causes, for they are requii-ed to effect the sacramental action itself, which afterwards acts immediately. . . . Will, faith, and re- pentance in the adult recipient are necessarily required as dispositions on the part of the subject, not as active causes, for not even faith and re- pentance can either efiect sacramental grace, or give efficacy to the sac- rament, but only remove obstacles, which would hinder the sacraments from exercising their own efficacy, hence in the case of children, where disijosition is not required, justification is effected without these things. If in order to burn wood, the wood is first dried, the fire struck out from, the flint, and then applied to the wood, and then combustion ensues, no one would say that the immediate cause of the combustion was either the dryness, or the striking of fire from the flint, or its apjilication to the wood, but that the primai-y cause is the fire alone, and the instru- mental cau.se is the heating alone.\" The Luthekan Doctkine. \"Aug. Conf.,\" p. 13. (Hase). — \"Sacra- ments have been instituted not only that they might be marks of profes- sion among men, but more that they may be signs and testimonies of AUTHORITATIVE STATEMENTS. 601 tlie will of God toward us set forth to excite and confirra faith in those who use them.\" \"Aj)ol. Augs. Con/.,\" p. 267. — \"And because that in a sacrament there are two things, the sign and the word; the word is the New Testament promise of the remission of sin . , . and the ceremony is as it Avere a picture of the word or a seal showing the promise. Therefore as the promise is ineffective if it be not accepted by faith, so the ceremony is ineffective unless faith accedes. And as the word is given to excite this faith; so the sacrament is instituted, that this representation meeting the eyes may move the heart to believe. \" lb., p. 203. — \" We condemn the whole class of scholastic doctors, who teach that to one presenting no obstacle the sacraments confer grace ex opere opernto, without any good movement of the ijartaker. But sacra- ments are signs of promises, therefore in the txse of them faith should be present. . . We here speak of the special faith which trusts a present promise, which not only beheves in general that God is, but beheves that I'emission of sins is offered. \" Quenstedt {WiUenhurg tl688), Vol. I., p. 169.— \"The word of God has, from the will and ordination of God himself, even before and beyond all legitimate use, an intrinsic power divine and common to all men, and sufficient for producing immediately and properly spiritual and divine effects, both gracious and piinitive.\" \"Aug. Co///.,\" Art. 9. — \" They condemn the Anabaptists who disap- prove of the baptism of children, and who affirm that children can be saved wdthout baptism.\" \"Apol. Aug. Con/.,\" -p. 156. — \"The ninth ai'ticle is approved in which we confess, that Baptism is necessary for salvation, and that children are to be baptized, and that the baptism of children is not void, but neces- sary and efficacious to salvation.\" ''Art. Smaladd,\" pars. 3, ch. 8. — \"And in respect to these things which concern the spoken and outward word, it is steadfastly to be maintained, that God grants to no one his Spirit or grace, unless through the word and with the word outward and preceding. . . Wherefore in this we must constantly persevere, because God does not wish to act otherwise with us than through the spoken word and sacraments, and because whatever is boasted of, as the Spirit, without the word and sac- raments, is the devil himself.\" The Refobmed Doctrine. \"Cofech. Genei\\,\" p. 519. — \"A sacrament is an outward attestation of the divine benevolence towards us, which by a visible sign figures sjiiritual graces, for sealing the promises of God to our hearts, whei'eby their vii'tue may be the better confirmed. Do you think that the power and efficacy of the sacrament are embraced not in the outward element, biit flow only from the Sjiirit of God ? I think so, tridy, as it would be pleasing to the Master to exercise his own force through his own instrumentalities, to whatever design he destined them. \" \"C*'/<. Hfidelh.,\" Fr. 66. — \"Sacraments are visible, sacred signs and seals appointed by God that in their use we may have the promise of the gospel made clearer and sealed; to wit, that God for the sake of the one oblation of Christ bestows on us forgiveness of sins and eternal life.\" \"TIiirti/-nine AHidea,''' Krt. 25. — \"Sacraments ordained of Christ be not only badges or tokens of Christian men's profession, but rather they be certain sure witnesses and effectual signs of grace, and God's good- will towards us, by the which he doth work invisibly in us, and dotli not only quicken, but also strengthen and confirm our faith in him. . . . And in such only as worthily receive the same they have a wholesome 602 SACRAMENTS. eflfect or operation; but they that receive them unworthily, purchase to themselves damnation, as St. Paul saith.\" \"T^es/. Conf. Faith,\" ch. 27; \"Z. Cat.,\" Ques. 161-168; ''S. Cat.,\" Ques. 91-93. See above, page 589. ZwiNGLiAN AND Eemonstrant Doctrine. Limhorcl), \"Christ. Theo.,\" 5, 66, 31. — \"It remains to say that God, through the sacraments, exhib- its to us his grace, not hj conferring it in fact through them, but by representing it and placing it before our eyes through them as clear and evident signs. . . And this efficacy is no other than objective, which requires a cognitive faculty rightly disposed that it may be able to appre- hend that which the sign offers objectively to the mind. . . They operate uijon us, as signs representing to the mind the thing whose sign they are. No other efficacy ought to be sought for in them. \" CHAPTER XLII. BAPTISM: ITS NATURE AND DESIGN, MODE, SUBJECTS, EFFICACY, AND NECESSITY. The Nature and Design of Baptism. 1. State the facts with regard to the ^prevalence of tvashing ivith tvater, as a symbol of spiritual puri/ication, among the Jews and Gentile nations before the advent of Christ. No other religious symbol is so natural and obvious, and none has been so universally practiced. Its usage is distinctly traced among the disciples of Zoroaster, the Brahmen, the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, and especially the Jews. In the original tabernacle, the pattern of which God showed Moses on the mount, a large laver stood between the altar on which expiation was made for sin, and the Holy House. At which laver the priests continually washed ere they entered the presence of God. This symbolism penetrated all their re- ligious services and language (Ps. xxvi. 6; Heb. ix. 10), and at the time of Christ it was carried into all the details of secular life (Mark vii. 3, 4). The religious washing of the body with water lay, there- fore, ready to the use of John the Baptist, and the disciples of our Lord.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "218", "sort_key": 218, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "Was  Johrcs  baptism  Christian  baptism  ?", "answer": "The \"Council of Trent\" (Sess. 7, \"De Baptismo,\" can. 1) de- cided, \"If any one should say that the baptism of John had the same eftect with the baptism of Christ; let him be anathema.\" For controversial reasons Protestants, especially those of the school of Zwingle and Calvin, took the opposite side, and de- cided that the two were identical (Calvin's \" Instit,\" Bk. IV., Ch. XV., § 7-18, Turretin's \" Instit.,\" L. 19, Quse. 16). We believe Calvin, etc., to have been wrong, for the follow- ing reason — 1st. John belonged to the Old and not to the New Testa- ment economy. He came \" in the spirit and power of Elias,\" 604 BAPTISM. Luke i. 17, in the garb, with the manners, and teaching the doctrine of the ancient prophets (Matt. xi. 13, 14; Luke i. 17). 2d. His was the \" baptism of repentance,\" binding its sub- jects to repentance, but not to the faith and obedience of Christ. 3d. The Jewish Church yet remained in its okl form. The Christian Church, as such, did not exist. John preached that \" the kingdom of heaven was at hand,\" but he did not by bap- tism gather and seal the subjects of that kingdom into a sepa- rate visible society. While he lived his personal disciples were never merged with those of Christ. 4th. It was not administered in the name of the Trinity. 5th. Those baptized by John were rebaptized by Paul (Acts xviii. 24-xix. 7). 3. Were the baptisms practiced by the disciples of Christ previ- ous to his crucifixion identical ivith that practiced by the apostles after his ascension? — See John iii. 22 and iv. 1 and 2. Up to the time of his death Christ, like John, conformed to the usages and taught the doctrines of the Jewish dispensation. His crucifixion and resurrection mark the actual transition of the new out of the old dispensation. The nature of his king- dom and his own divinity, and hence the doctrine of the Trin- ity, was not clearly discerned, and the Christian Church as a distinct communion was not yet organized. He preached like John, \" Repent for the kingdom of heaven is at hand,\" ]\\Iatt. iv. 17, and he commissioned his disciples to say \"the kingdom of God has come nigh unto you.\" — Luke x. 9. We, therefore, believe that this baptism practiced by his disciples before his crucifixion was, like tliat of John, simply a preparatory purifying rite binding to repentance. 4. Where is the record of the real institution of Christian baptism contained ? Matt, xxviii. 19, 20. — \" Go ye therefore, and disciple {naOrj- rsvdars) all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost; teaching them to ob- serve all things, whatsoever I have commanded you ; and lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world.\" 5. Prove fhcd its observance is of pierpetual obligation. This has been denied by Socinians on rationalistic grounds, and by (Quakers (Barclay, \" Apol. Prop.,\" 12, comm. § 6), on the ground of a false spiritualism, and by some parties of Anti- Baptists, who hold baptism to have been exclusively designed for the initiation of aliens to the church, and therefore not ITS ''MATTER'' AND ''FORM:' 605 to be applied to those born within the church, in established Christian communities. That it was designed to be observed everywhere and always is plain — 1st. From the command given in the words of institu- tion. (1.) \"All nations,\" and (2) \"alway, even unto the end of the world.\" 2d. The commands and practice of the apostles. Acts ii. 38 ; X. 47 ; xvi. 33, etc. 3d. The reason of and neces- sity for the ordinance which determined its existence at the hrst, remains and is universal. 4th. The uniform practice of the entire church in all its branches from the beginning.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "219", "sort_key": 219, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "How  is  baptism  defined  in  our  standards  ?", "answer": "\"Con. of Faith,\" Chap, xxviii. ; \"L. Cat,\" Q. 165; \"S. Cat,\" The essential points of this definition are — 1st. It is a wash- ing with water. 2d. A washing in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost 3d. It is done with the design to \" sig- nify and seal our ingrafting into Christ, and partaking of the benefits of the covenant of grace, and our engagement to be the Lord's.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "220", "sort_key": 220, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "What  is  essential  to  the  '■'•  matter\"  of  baptism?", "answer": "As to its \"matter,\" baptism is essentially a washmg unth water. No particular mode of washing is essential — 1st. Be- cause no such mode is specified in the command. — See below, QuevStions 12-21. 2d. Because no such mode of administration is essential to the proper symbolism of the ordinance. — See be- low, Question 11. On the other hand, water is necessary — 1st. Because it is commanded. 2d. Because it is essential to the symbolism of tlie rite. It is the natural symbol of moral puri- fication, Eph. V. 25, 26 ; and it was established as such in the ritual of Moses. 8. What is necessary as to the form of words in which baptism is administered ? It is essential to the validity of the ordinance that it should be administered \" in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of tlie Holy Ghost.\" This is certain — 1st. Because it is included in the command. — Matt, xxviii. 19. 2d. From the significancy of the rite. Besides being a symbol of purifica- tion, it is essentially, as a i\"ite of initiation into the Christian church, a covenanting ordinance whereby the recipient recog- nize and pledges his allegiance to God in that character and in those relations in which he has revealed himself to us in the Scriptures. The formula of baptism, therefore, is a summary 606 BAPTISM. statement of the whole Scripture doctrine of the Triune Jeho- vah as he has chosen to reveal himself to us, and in all those relations which the several Persons of the Trinity graciously sustain in the scheme of redemption to the believer. Hence the baptism of all those sects which reject the scriptural doc- trine of the Trinity is invalid. The frequent phrases, to be baptized in \"the name of Jesus Christ,\" or \"in the name of the Lord Jesus,\" or \"in the name of the Lord\" (Acts ii. 38; x. 48; xix. 5), do not at all present the form of words Avhich the apostles used in administering this sacrament, but are simply used to designate Christian bap- tism in distinction from that of John, or to indicate the uni- form effect of that spiritual grace which is symbolized in bap- tism, viz., union with Christ. — Gal. iii. 27. 9. Wliat is the meaning of the formula '\"'■to baptize in the name (f/? TO ovof.ta) of any one\" ? To be baptized \"in the name of Paul\" (e^s t6 uvojua), 1 Cor. i. 13, or \"unto JMoses\" (e/? ruv Mooudrfv), 1 Cor. x. 2, is, on the part of the baptized, to be made the believing and obedient disciples of Paul and Moses, and the objects of their care, and the participants in whatever blessings they have to bestow. To be baptized in the name of the Trinity (INIatt. xxviii. 19), or \" in the name of the Lord Jesus \" (Acts xix. 5), or \" into Jesus Christ,\" (Rom. vi. 3), is by baptism, or rather by the grace of which ritual baptism is the sign, to be united to Christ, or to the Trinity through Christ, as his disciples, believers in his doc- trine, heirs of his promises, and participants in his spiritual life.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "221", "sort_key": 221, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "What  is  the  design  of  baptism  ?", "answer": "Its design is — 1st. Primarily, to signifj^ seal, and convey to those to whom they belong the benefits of the covenant of grace. Thus — (1.) It symbolizes \"the washing of regeneration,\" \"the renew- ing of the Holy Ghost,\" which unites the believer to Christ, and so makes him a participant in Christ's life and all other benefits. — 1 Cor. xii. 13; Gal. iii. 27; Titus iii. 5. (2.) Christ herein visibly seals his promises to those who receive it with faith, and invests them with the grace promised. 2d. Its design was, secondarily, as springing from the former, (1) to be a visible sign of our covenant to be the Lord's, i. e., to accept his salvation, and to consecrate ourselves to his service. (2.) And, hence, to be a badge of our public profession, our separation from the world, and our initiation into the visible churcli. As a badge it marks us as belonging to the Lord, ITS EMBLEMATIC IMPORT. 607 and consequently (a) distinguishes us from the world, ('?>) sym- bolizes our union with our fellow-Christians. — 1 Cor. xii. 13.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "222", "sort_key": 222, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "Wliat  is  tlie  emblematic  import  ofhopfism?", "answer": "In every sacrament there is a visible sign representing an invisible grace. The sign represents the grace in virtue of Christ's authoritativel}^ appointing it thereto, but the selection by Christ of the particular sign is founded on its fitness as a natural emblem of the grace which he appoints it to represent. Thus in the Lord's supper the bread broken by the officiating minister, and the wine poured out, are natural emblems of the body of Christ broken, and his blood shed as a sacrifice for our sins. And in like manner in the sacrament of baptism the ap- plication of water to tlie person of the recipient is a natural emblem of the \" washing of regeneration.\" — Titus iii. 5. Hence we are said to be \" born of water and of the Spirit,\" John iii. 5, i. e., regenerated by the Holy Spirit, of which new birth baptism with water is the emblem ; and to be baptized \" by one Spirit into one body,\" i. e., the spiritual body of Christ; and to be \" baptized into Christ,\" so as \" to have put on Christ,\" Gal. iii. 27; and to be \"baptized into his death,\" and to be \"buried with him in baptism ... so that we should walk with him in newness of life,\" Rom. vi. 3, 4, because the sacrament of baptism is the emblem of that spiritual regeneration which unites us both federally and spiritually to Christ, so that we have part with him both in his life and in his death, and as he died unto sin as a sacrifice, so we die unto sin in its ceasing to be the controlling principle of our natures; and as he rose again in the resumption of his natural life, we rise to the possession and exercise of a new spiritual life. Baptist interpreters, on the otlier hand, insist that the Bible teaches that the outward sign in this sacrament, being the im- mersion of the whole body in water, is an emblem both of puri- fication and of our death, burial, and resurrection with Christ. Dr. Carson says, p. 381, \"The immersion of the whole body is essential to baptism, not because nothing but immersion can be an emblem of purification, but because immersion is the thing commanded, and because that, without immersion, there is no emblem of death, burial, and resurrection, which are in the emblem equally witli purification.\" He founds his assumption that the outward sign in the sacrament of baptism was de- signed to be an emblem of the death, burial, and resurrection of the believer in union with Christ, upon Rom. vi. 3, 4, and Col. ii. 12. AVe object to this interpretation — 1st. In neither of these passages does Paul say that our baptism in water is an emblem 608 BAPTISM. of our burial with Christ. He is evidently speaking of that spiritual baptism of which water baptism is the emblem ; by which spiritual baptism we are caused to die unto sin, and live unto holiness, in which death and new life we are conformed unto the death and resurrection of Christ. We are said to be \" baptized into Christ,\" which is the work of the Spirit, not \"into the name of Christ,\" which is the phrase always used when speaking of ritual baptism. — ]\\Iatt. xxviii. 19; Acts ii. 38; xix. 5. 2d. To be \"baptized into his death\" is a phrase per- fectly analogous to baptism \"into repentance,\" Matt. iii. 11, and \"into remission of sins,\" Mark i. 4, and \"into one body,\" 1 Cor. xii. 13, i. e., in order that, or to the effect that, we par- ticipate in the benefits of his death. 3d. The Baptist interpretation involves an utter confusion in reference to the emblem. Do they mean that the outward sign of immersion is an emblem of the death, burial, and re- svu'rection of Christ, or of the spiritual death, burial, and resur- rection of the believer? But the point of comparison in the passages themselves is plainly \"not between our baptism and the burial and resurrection of Christ, but between oiu- death to sin and rising to holiness, and the death and resurrection of the Kedeemer.\" 4th. Baptists agree with us that baptism with water is an emblem of spiritual purification, i. e., regeneration, but insist that it is also an emblem (in the mode of immersion) of the death of the believer to sin and his new life of holiness. — Dr. Carson, p. 143. But what is the distinction between regenera- tion and a death unto sin, and life unto holiness. 5th. Baptists agree with us that water baptism is an emblem of purification. But surely it is impossible that the same action should at the same time be an emblem of a washing, and of a burial and a resurrection. One idea may be associated with the other in consequence of their spiritual relations, but it is impossible that the same visible sign should be emblematical of both. 6th. Our union with Christ through the Spirit, and the spir- itual consequences thereof, are illustrated in Scripture by many various figures, e. g., the substitution of a heart of flesh for a heart of stone, Ezek. xxxvi. 2(3; the building of a house, Eph. ii. 22; tiie ingrafting of a limb into a vine, John xv. 5; the putting off of filthy garments, and the putting on of clean, Eph. iv. 22-24; as a spiritual death, burial, and resurrection, and as a being planted in the likeness of his death, Kom. vi. 3-5; as the application of a cleansing element to tlie body, Ezek. xxxvi. 25. Now baptism with water represents all these, because it is an emblem of spiritual regeneration, of which all of ITS MODE. 609 these are analogical illustrations. Hence we are said to be \"bap- tized into one body,\" 1 Cor. xii. 13, and by baptism to \" have put on Christ,\" Gal. iii. 27. Yet it would be absurd to regard Avater baptism as a literal emblem of all these, and our Baptist brethren have no scriptural warrant for assuming that the out- ward sign in this sacrament is an emblem of the one analogy more than of tlie other. — See Dr. Armstrong's \"Doctrine of Baptisms,\" Part II., Chap. ii. The ]\\Iode of Baptism. 12. Wliat are the ivords toJiich, in the original language of Scyiptiire, are used to convey the command to baptize? The primary word (idnzco occurs four times in the New Tes- tament (Luke xvi. 24; John xiii. 26; Rev. xix. 13), but never in connection with the subject of Christian baptism. Its clas- sical meaning was, 1st, to dip; 2d, to dye; 3d, to wash by dipping or pouring. The word fiLxnvLZ,(sa, in form, though not in usage, tlie fre- quentative oi (idTtrco, occurs seventy-six times in the New Tes- tament, and is the word used by the Holy Ghost to convey the command to baptize. Its classical meaning was, (1) dip, sub- merge, sink; (2) to wet thoroughly; (3) to pour upon, to drench ; (4) to overwhelm. Besides these, we have the nouns of the same root and usage, f5dTtTi6ida occurring twenty-two times, translated baptism., and fttxTtTidfioi occurring four times, trans- lated baptism, Heb. vi. 2, and icashing, Mark. vii. 4, 8; Heb. ix. 10. The only question with Avhich we are concerned, however, is as to the scrptural usage of these words. It is an important and universally recognized principle, that the biblical and clas- sical usage of the same word is often very different. This effect is to be traced to the influence of three general causes. — See ^'■Baptism, its 3Iodes and Suhjects\" by Dr. Alex. Carson; '-'- Mean- ing and Use of the Word Baptkein\" by Rev. Dr. Conant, and ^^ Classic, Judaic, Johannic, and Christian Baptism,''' by Rev. James W. Dale, D.D. 1st. The principal classics of the language were composed in the Attic dialect. But the general language used by the Greek-speaking world at the Christian era was the \" common, or Hellenic dialect of the later Greek,\" resulting from the fusion of the different dialects previously existing. . 2d. The language of the writers of the New Testament was again greatly modifled by the fact that their vernacular Avas a form of the Hebrew language (Syro-Chaldaic) ; that their con- stant use of the Septuagint translation of tlie Hebrew Scriptures had largely influenced their usage of the Greek language, espe- 39 . 610 BAPTISM. cially in the department of religious thought and expression; and that, in the very act of composing the New Testament Scriptures, they were engaged in the statement of rehgious ideas, and in the inauguration of rehgious institutions which had their t^'pes and symbols in the ancient dispensation, as revealed in the sacred language of the Hebrew Scriptures. 3d. The New Testament writings are a revelation of new ideas and relations, and hence the words and phrases through wliich these new thoughts are conveyed must be greatly modi- fied in respect to their former etymological sense and heathen usage, and \"for the full depth and compass of meaning belong- ing to them in their new application we must look to the New Testament itself, comparing one passage with another, and viewing the language used in the light of the great things which it brings to our apprehension.\" As examples of this contrast between the scriptural and classical usage of a word, observe, ayytXo'i, angel; TcpEd/Jvrspoi, presbyter or ekhr; hHH\\-t]6ia, church; f5a6iXeia rov Osov, or roov ovpavc^v, Mngdom of God, or of heaven; -rcaXiyyEvEdia, i^egenera- tion; ia'/3??, grace, etc., etc. — Fairbairn's \"Herm. JManual,\" Part I., section 2. 13. What is the position of the Baptist churches as to the mean- ing of the Scriptural ivord ^anriZoo, and by ivhat arguments do tJwy seek tojyrove that im.inersion is the only valid mode of baptism? \"That it always signifies to dip, never expressing any thing but mode.\"— \" Carson on Baptism,\" p. 55. He confesses: \"1 have ALL tlie lexicographers and commentators against me.\" Baptists insist, therefore, upon always translating the words (ianzL^oa and fidTiri6).ia by the words immerse and immersion. They argue that immersion is the only valid mode of bap- tism— 1st. From the constant meaning of the word (ianTiZ^a). 2d. From the symbolical import of the rite, as emblematic of burial and resurrection. 3d. From the practice of the apostles. 4th. From history of the early church. 14. What is the position occupied upon this point by all other Christians ? 1st. It is an established principle of scriptural usage that the names and attributes of the things signified by sacramental signs are attributed to the signs, and on the other hand that the name of the sign is used to designate the grace signified. Thus, Gen. xvii. li, 13, the name of covenant is given to cir- cumcisio)! ; IMatt. xxvi. 2r)-28, Christ called the bread his body, and the wine his blood; Titus iii. 5, baptism is called the wash- WASHING TO EFFECT PURIFICATION. 611 ing of regeneration. Thus also the words baptize and baptism are often used to designate that work of the Holy Ghost in re- generation, which the sign, or water baptism, signifies. — Matt. iii. 11; 1 Cor. xii. 13; Gal. iii. 27; Deut. xxx. 6. It follows con- sequently that these words are often used in a spiritual sense. 2d. These words when relating to ritual baptism, or the sign representing the thing signified, imply the application of water in the name of the Trinity, as an emblem of purification or spiritual regeneration, and never, in their scriptural usage, sig- nify any thing whatever as to the mode in which the water is applied. The precise question in debate is to be stated thus. Baptists insist that Christ's command to baptize is a command to \"im- merse.\" All other Christians hold that it is a command to \"wash with water\" as a symbol of spiritual purification. I have answered, under Question 11, above, tlie second Bap- tist argument, as stated under Question 13. Their first and third arguments, as there stated, I will proceed to answer now. 15. Hoio may it he jjvoved from their scriptural vsage that the words ficxTtvi^oo and fidnzid/ja do not signify immersion., hut wash- ing to effect PURiFiCATiox, ivithout any reference to mode ? 1st. The word occurs four times in the Septuagint transla- tion of the Old Testament, in three of which instances it refers to baptism with water. 2 Kings v. 14 — The prophet told Naa- man to \"wash and be clean,\" and \"he baptized himself in Jor- dan, and he was clean.\" Eccle. xxxiv. 25 — \" He that baptizeth himself after the touching of a dead body.\" This purification according to the law was accomplished by sprinMinr/ the icater of separation. — Num. xix. 9, 13, 20. Judith xii. 7, Judith \"bap- tized herself in the camp at a fountain of water.\" Bathing was not performed among those nations by immersion; and the cir- cumstances in which Judith was placed increase the improb- ability in her case. It was a purification, for she \" baptized herself,\" and \"so came in ctean.\" 2d. The question agitated between some of John's disciples and the Jews, John iii. 22-30, and iv. 1-3, concerning baptism, is called a question concerning pur if cation, itepi uaOapiGnov. 3d. :\\latt. XV. 2; Mark vii. 1-5; 'Luke xi. 37-39. The word ftaitrit^Go is here used (1) for the customary washing of the hands before meals, which was designed to purity, and was habitually performed by pouring water upon them, 2 Kings iii. 11; (2) it is interchanged with the word viTcrao, which al- ways signifies a partial washing; (3) its effect is declared to be to purify, TuxfjapiZ^Ew; (4) the baptized or washed hands are opposed to the unclean, Hoivai<i. 612 BAPTISM. 4th. Mark vii. 4, 8, \"Baptism of pots and cups, brazen ves- sels, and of tables,\" nXivcci, couches upon which Jews reclined at their meals, large enough to accommodate several persons at once. Tlie object of these baptisms was purification, and the mode could not have been immersion in the case of the tables, couches, etc. 5th. Heb. ix. 10, Paul says the first tabernacle \"stood only in meats, and drinks, and clivers baptisms.\" In verses 13, 19, 21, he specifies some of these \" divers baptisms \" or washings, \"For if the blood of bulls and goats, and the ashes of an heifer sprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the flesh,\" and \" Moses sprinkled both the book and all the people, and the tabernacle, and all the vessels of the ministry.\" — Dr. iVrm- strong's \"Doc. of BajDt.,\" Part I. 16. Wliat argument in favor of tins view of the siihject may he draivnfrom ivhat is said of baptism luith the Holy Ghost ? Matt. iii. 11; Mark i. 8; Luke iii. 16; John i. 26, 33; Acts i. 5; xi. 16; 1 Cor. xii. 13. If the word fia7triZ,co only means to immerse, it would be incapable of the figurative use to which, in these passages, it is actually subjected. But if, as we claim, it signifies to purify, to cleanse, then water baptism, as a washing, though never as an immersion, may fitly represent the cleansing work of the Holy Ghost. See next Question. 17. What argument may he draivn from the fact that the bless- ings symbolized by baptism are said to be applied by sprinkling and pouring ? The gift of the Holv Ghost was the grace signified. — Acts ii. 1-4, 32, 33; x. 44-48; xi. 15, 16. The fire which did not immerse them, but appeared as cloven tongues, and \" sat upon each one of them,\" was the sign of that grace. Jesus was him- self the baptizer, who now fulfilled the prediction of John the Baptist that he should baptize with the Holy Ghost and with fire. This gift of the Holy Ghost is set forth in such terms as \"came from heaven,\" \"poured out,\" \"shed forth,\" \"fell on them.\" These very blessings were predicted in the Old Testament by similar language. — Is. xliv. 3; Iii. 15; Ezek. xxxvi. 25-27; Joel ii. 28, 29. Hence we argue that if these spiritual blessings were predicted in the Old Testament by means of these figures of sprinkling and pouring, and if in the New Testament they were symbolically set forth under the same form, they may, of course, be symbolized by the church now by the same emblem- atical actions. OLD TESTAMENT MODES OF PURIFICATION. 613 18. Wliai argument may he drmon from the mode of 'purijica- tion adopted under the Old Testament ? The rites of purification prescribed by the Levitical law were in no case commanded to be performed by immersion in the case of persons. Washing and bathing is prescribed, but there is no indication given by the words iised, or otherwise, that these were performed by immersion, which was not the usual mode of bathing practiced in those countries. The hands and feet of the priests, whenever they appeared to minister before the Lord, were washed, Ex. xxx. 18-21, and tlieir per- sonal ablutions were performed at the brazen laver, 2 Chron. iv. 6, from which the water poured forth through spouts or cocks. — 1 Kings vii. 27-39. On the other hand, purification was freely ordered to be effected by sprinkling of blood, ashes, or water. — Lev. viii. 30; xiv. 7 and 51; Ex. xxiv. 5-8; Num. viii. 6, 7; Heb. ix. 12-22. Now, as Christian baptism is a puri- fication, and as it was instituted among the Jews, familiar with the Jewish forms of purification, it follows that a knowledge of those forms must throw much light upon the essential nature and proper mode of the Christian rite. 19. Hoio may it he sliown from 1 Cor. x. 1, 2, and from 1 Pet. iii. 20, 21, that to haptize does not mean to immerse ? 1 Cor. X. 1, 2. The Israelites are said to have been \" bap- tized mito Moses in the cloud and in the sea.\" — Compare Ex. xiv. 19-31. The Israelites were baptized, yet went over dry- shod. The Egyptians were immersed, yet not baptized. Dr. Carson, p. 413, says, Moses \" got a dry dip.\" 1 Pet. iii. 20, 21. Peter declares that baptism is the anti- type of the salvation of the eight souls in the ark. Yet their salvation consisted in their not being immersed. 20. What argument as to tJie proper mode of haptism is to he drawn from the record of the haptisms performed hy John? Ist. John's baptism was not the Christian sacrament, but a rite of purification administered by a Jew upon Jews, under JeAvish law. From this we infer (1) that it was not performed by immersion, since the Levitical purification of persons was not performed in that way; yet (2) that he needed for his purpose either a running stream as Jordan, or much water as at ^Enon (or the springs), because under that law whatsoever an unclean person touched previous to his purification became unclean, Num. xix. 21, 22, with the exception of a \"fountain or pit in which is plenty of water,\" Lev. xi. 36, Avhich he could not find in the desert in which he preached. After the gospel dis- 614 BAPTISM. pensation was introduced we hear nothing of the apostles bap- tizing ill rivers, or needing \"much water\" for that purpose. 2d. In no single instance is it stated in the record that John baptized by immersion. All the language employed applies ijust as naturally and as accurately to a baptism performed by affusion (the subject standing partly in the water, the baptizer pouring water upon the person Avith his hand). The phrases \"baptized in Jordan,\" \"coming out of the water,\" would have been as accurately applied in tlie one case as in the other. That John's baptism was more probably performed by affusion appears (1) from the fact that it was a purification performed by a Jewish prophet upon Jews, and that Jewish washings were performed by affusion. The custom was general then, and has continued to this day. (2.) This mode better accords with the vast multitudes baptized by one man. — Matt. iii. 5, 6; Mark i. 5; Luke iii. 3-21. (3.) The very earliest works of Christian art extant represent the baptism of Christ by John as having been performed by affusion. — Dr. Armstrong's \"Doc- trine of Baptisms,\" Part II., Chap. iii. 21. What evidence is afforded by the instances of Christian haptism recorded in the New Testament? 1st. It has been abundantly shown above that the command to baptize is a command to purify by washing with water, and it hence follows that even if it could be shown that the apostles baptized by immersion, that fact Avould not prove that particu- lar mode of washing to be essential to the validity of the or- dinance, unless it can be proved also that, according to the analogies of gospel institutions, the mere mode of obeying a command is made as essential as the thing itself But the reverse is notoriously the fact. The church was organized on certain general principles, and the public worship of the gospel ordained, but the details as to the manner of accomplishing those ends are not prescribed. Christ instituted the Lord's supper at night, reclining on a couch, and with unleavened bread. Yet in none of these respects is the \"mode\" essential. 2d. But, in fact, there is not one instance in which the record makes it even probable that the apostles baptized by immersion, and in the great majority of instances it is rendered in the last degree improbable. (1.) The baptism of the eunuch by Philip, Acts viii. 26-39, is the only instance which even by appearance favors immersion. But observe (a) the language used by Luke, even as rendered in our version., applies just as naturally to baptism performed by affusion as by immersion. (^>.) The Greek prepositions, eii, here translated into, and hn, here translated out of., are in innumerable HISTORICAL USAGE. 615 instances used to express motion, toward, unto, smd from. — Acts xxvi. 14; xxvii. 34, 40. They probably descended from the cliariot to the brink of the water. Philip is also said to have \"descended to\" and to have \"ascended from the water,\" but surely he was not also immersed, (c.) The very passage of Isaiah, which the eunuch was reading, Is. Hi. 15, declared that the Messiah, in whom he believed, should '■'• sprinlde many na- tions.\" (d.) Luke says the place was \"a desert,\" and no body of water sufficient for immersion can be discovered on that road. (2.) Every other instance of Christian baptism recorded in the Scriptures bears evidence positively against immersion. (a.) The baptism of three thousand in Jerusalem on one occa- sion on the day of Pentecost. — Acts ii. 38-41. (6.) The baptism of Paul. — Acts ix. 17, 18; xxii. 12-16. Ananias said to him \"standing up, be baptized,\" a'j'acJras fSdnridai, and, \"standing up, he was baptized.\" (e.) The baptism of Cornelius. — Acts x. 44-48. {d.) The baptism of the jailor, at Philippi. — Acts xvi, 32-34. In all these instances baptism was administered on the spot, wherever the convert received the gospel. Nothing is said of rivers, or much water, but vast multitudes at a time, and individuals and families were baptized in their houses, or in prisons, wherever they happened to be at the moment. 22. What has been in the past, and what is in the present, the usage of the churches as to the mode of baptism ? In the early church the prevalent mode was to immerse the naked body. For several ages trine-immersion was practiced, or the dipping the head of the person standing in the water three times. In cases of extreme danger of death, and when water was scarce, afi'usion or sprinkling was considered valid (Bingham's \"Christ. Antiquities,\" Bk. II., ch. xi. ; Neander's \"Ch. Hist.,\" Vol. I., Torrey's Trans., p. 310; Schaff's \"Ch. Hist.,\" Vol. II., § 92). The Greek Church has insisted on .im- mersion. The liomish and Protestant churches admit either form. The modern customs favor sprinkling. The Baptists maintain that immersion is the only valid bap- tism. All other western churches deny this and maintain the equal validity of pouring and of sprinkling. — \"Con. Faith,\" ch. xxviii., § 3. No advocate of sprinkling can, in consistency with his own fundamental principles or Avith the historical usages of the Christian Church, outlaw immersion. The opposition of most churches to immersion arises from the narrow and arrogant claims of the Baptists, and from their false views with respect to the emblematic import of bapti.sm, making it a \"burying' instead of a \"washing\"; against this we mean to protest. G16 BAPTISM. Subjects of Baptism.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "223", "sort_key": 223, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "Wlio  are  the  proper  subjects  of  baptism  ?", "answer": "\"Conf. Faith,\" Chap, xxviii., Section 4; \" L. Cat,\" Question 166; \"S. Cat.,\" Question 95. All those, and those only, who are members of the visible church, are to be baptized. These are, 1st, they who make a credible profession of their faith in Christ; 2d, the children of one or both believing- parents.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "224", "sort_key": 224, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "What  in  the  case  of  adults  are  the  prerequisites  of  baptism  ?", "answer": "Credible profession of their faith in Jesus as their Saviour. This is evident — 1st. From the very nature of the ordinance as symbolizing spiritual gifts, and as sealing our covenant to be the Lord's. 2d. From the uniform practice of the apostles and evangelists. — xlcts ii. 41; viii. 37. For a full answer to this question, see below Ch. XLIIL, Ques. 25, for conditions of ad- mission to Lord's table, which are identical with those requisite for baptism. 25. 1720071 luhat essential constitutional principle of human nature does this institution rest? and show how that p)rinciple is recognised in all God's providential and gracious deeding luith tJie race. The grand peculiarity of humanity is that Avhile each indi- vidual is a free responsible moral agent, yet we constitute a race, reproduced under the law of generation, and each new- born agent'is educated and his character formed under social conditions. Hence everywhere the \"free-will of the parent becomes the destiny of the child.\" Hence results the repre- sentative character of progenitors, and the inherited character and destiny of all races, nations, and families. This principle runs through all God's dealing with the hu- man race under the economy of redemption. The family and not the individual is the unit embraced in all covenants and dispensations. This may be traced in all God's dealings with Adam, Noah (Gen. ix. 9), Abraham (Gen. xvii. 7, and Gal. iii. 8), and the nation of Israel (Ex. xx. 5; Dent. xxix. 10-13). The same principle is continued in the Christian dispensation as asserted by Peter in the first sermon. — Acts ii. 38-39. 26. Whcd is the visible church, to which baptism is the initiating rite ? 1st. The word church, kKKkr]6ia, is used in Scripture in the general sense of the company of God's people, called out from the world, and bound to him in covenant relations. THE VISIBLE CHURCH. 617 2d. The true spiritual church, therefore, in distinction to the phenomenal church organized on earth, consists of the whole company of the elect, who are included in the eternal covenant of grace formed between the Father and the second Adam. — Eph. V. 27; Heb. xii. 23. 3d. But the visible church universal consists of \" all those throughout the world that profess the true religion, together with their children, and is the kingdom of the Lord Jesus Christ, the house and family of God, out of which there is no ordinary possibility of salvation.\" — \"Conf Faith,\" chap, xxv., section 2. This visible kingdom, Christ, as INIediator of the covenant of grace, has instituted, as an administrative provi- sion, for the purpose of administering thereby the provisions of that covenant; and this kingdom, as an outward visible society of professors, he established by the covenant he made with Abraham. — Gen. xii. 1-3; xvii. 1-14. 4th. Christ has administered this covenant in three successive modes or dispensations. (1.) From Abraham to Moses, dur- ing which he attached to it the ratifying seal of circumcision. (2.) From Moses to his advent (for the law which was tem- porarily added did not make the promise of none effect, but rather administered it in a special mode. Gal. iii. 17), he added a new seal, the passover, emblematic of the atoning work of the promised seed, as set forth in the clearer revelation then vouchsafed. (3.) From Christ to the end of the world, when the promise being unfolded in an incomparably fuller revelation, the original seals are superseded by baptism and the Lord's Supper. See below. Question 26. 5th. That the Abrahamic covenant was designed to embrace the visible church of Christ, and not his mere natural seed in their family or national capacity, is plain. (1.) It pledged sal- vation by Christ on the condition of faith. — Compare Gen. xii. 3, with Gal. iii. 8, 16; Acts iii. 25, 26. (2.) The sign and seal at- tached to it symbolized spiritual blessings, and sealed justifica- tion by faith. — Deut. x. 15, 16; xxx. 6; Jer. iv. 4; Rom. ii. 28, 29; iv. 11. (3.) Tliis covenant was made with him as the repre- sentative of the visible church universal, (a.) It was made with him as the \"father of many nations.\" Paul said it con- stituted him the \"heir of the world,\" \"the father of all them that believe,\" Rom. iv. 11, 13, and that all believers in Christ now, Jew or Gentile, are \"Abraham's seed and heirs according to the promise.\" — Gal. iii. 29. (&.) It contained a provision for the introduction to its privileges of those who were not born of the natural seed of Abraham. — Gen. xvii. 12. Multitudes of such proselytes had been thus introduced before the advent of Christ, and many such were present in Jerusalem as mem- 618 BAPTISM. bers of the church under its old form on the day of Pentecost, \"out of every nation under heaven.\" — Acts ii. 5-11. 6th. That the church thus embraced in this administrative covenant is not the body of the elect, as such, but the visible church of professors and their children, is evident, because, (1.) the covenant contains the offer of the gospel, including the setting- forth of Christ, and the offer of his salvation to all men (all the families of the earth) on the condition of faith. Gal. iii. 8. But this belongs to the visible church, and must be administered by means of inspired oracles and a visible minis- try. (2.) As an indisputable fact, there was such a visible society under the old dispensation; and under the new dispen- sation all Christians, whatever theories they may entertain, attempt to realize the ideal of such a visible society, for Chris- tian and ministerial communion. (3.) Under both dispensations Christ has committed to his church, as to a visible, kingdom, written records, sacramental ordinances, ecclesiastical institu- tions, and a teaching and ruling ministry. Although these are all designed to minister the provisions of the covenant of grace, and to effect as their ultimate end the ingathering of the elect, it is evident that visible signs and seals, a written word and a visible ministry, can, as such, attach only to a visible church. Rom. ix. 4; Eph. iv. 11. (4.) The same representation of the church is given in the New Testament, in the parable of the tares, etc. — Matt. xiii. 24-30 and 47-50; xxv. 1-13. It was to consist of a mixed community of good and evil, true and merely professed believers, and the separation is not to be made until the \"end of the world.\" 7th. This visible church from the beginning has been trans- mitted and extended in a twofold manner. (1.) Those who are born \" strangers from the covenants of promise,\" or \" aliens from the commonwealth of Israel,\" Eph. ii. 12, were introduced to that relation only by profession of faith and conformity ot life. Under the old dispensation these are called ijroselytes. Acts ii. 10; Num. xv. 15. (2.) All born within the covenant had part in all of the benefits of a standing in the visible church by inheritance. The covenant was with Abraham and his ^'■sced after Mm, in all their generaiions, as an everlasting covenant,'' and consequent]}^ they received the sacrament which was the sign and seal of that covenant. Hence the duty of teaching and training was engrafted on the covenant, Gen. xviii. 18, 19; and the church made a school, or training institution, Dent, vi. 0-9. In accordance with this, Christ commissioned his apostles to disciple all nations, baptizing and teaching them. ]\\Iatt. xxviii. 19, 20. Thus tlie church is represented as a flock, including the lambs with the sheep, Is. xl. 11, and as a vine- THE CHURCH ONE UNDER BOTH DISPENSATIONS. 619 yard in which the scion is trained, the barren tree cultivated, and, if incurable, cut down. — Is. v. 1-7; Luke xiii. 7, 8. 27. Hold may it he shown tliat this visible church is identical tinder both dispe7isatioiis, and ivhat argument may he thence derived to prove that the in/ant children of believers should be baptized? 1st. The church, under both dispensations, has the same nature and design. The Old Testament church, embraced in the Abrahamic covenant, rested on the gospel offer of salvation b}^ faith. — Gal. iii. 8; Heb. xi. Its design was to prepare a spiritual seed for the Lord. Hence — (1.) Its foundation was tlie same — the sacrifice and mediation of Christ. (2.) Condi- tions of membership were the same. («.) Every true Israelite was a true believer. — Gal. iii. 7. (b.) All Israelites were at least professors of the true religion. (3.) Its sacraments symbolized and sealed the same grace as those of the New Testament church. Thus the passover, as the Lord's Supper, represented the sacrifice of Christ. — 1 Cor. v. 7. Circumcision, as baptism, represented \"the putting off the body of the sins of the fiesh,\" and baptism is called by Paul \"the circumcision of Christ.\" Col. ii. 11, 12. Even the ritual of the Mosaic law was only a symbolical revelation of the gospel. 2d. They bear precisely the same name. innXi/dia xvpiov, the church of the Lord, is an exact rendering in Greek of the Hebrew nSn;' pnp translated in our version the \" congregation of the Lord.\" — Compare Ps. xxii. 22, with Heb. ii. 12. Thus Stephen called the congregation of Israel before Sinai \"the church in the wilderness.\" — Compare Acts vii. 38, with Ex. xxxii. Thus also Christ is the Greek form of the Hebrew Messiah, and the elders of the New Testament church are iden- tical in function and name with those of the synagogue. 3d. There is no evidence whatever furnished by the apos- tolical records that the ancient church was abolished and a new and a different one organized in its place. The apostles never say one word about any such new organization. The pre-existence of such a visible society is everywhere taken for granted as a fact. Their disciples were always added to the \"church\" or \"congregation\" previously existing. — Acts ii. 47. The Mosaic ritual law, by means of which the Abrahamic char- acter of the church had been administered for about fifteen hundred years, was indeed abolished. But Paul argues that the introduction of this law, i'owr hundred and thirty years after, could not make the promise of none effect, Gal. iii. 17, and consequently the disannulling of the law could only give place to the more perfect execution of the covenant, and devel- opment of the church embraced within it. 620 BAPTISM. 4th. There is abundant positive evidence that the ancient church, resting upon its original charter, was not aboHshed by the new dispensation. (1.) Many of the Old Testament proph- ecies plainly declare that the then existing visible church, instead of being abrogated by the advent of the Messiah, should thereby be gloriously strengthened and enlarged, so as to embrace the Gentiles also. — Is. xlix. 13-23, and Ix. 1-14. They declare also that the federal constitution, embracing the child with the par- ent, shall continue under the new dispensation of the church, after \" the Redeemer has come to Zion.\" — Is. lix. 21, 22. Peter, in Acts' iii. 22, 23, expounds the prophecy of Moses, Deut. xviii. 15-19, to the effect that every soul which will not hear that prophet (the ]\\Iessiah) shall be cut off from among the people, {. €., from the church, Avhieh of course implies that the chvirch from which they are cut off\" continues. (2.) In precise accord- ance with these prophecies Paul declares that the Jewish church was not abrogated, but that the unbelieving Jews were cut off from their own olive-tree, and the Gentile branches grafted in in their place; and he foretells the time when God will graft the Jews back again into their own stock and not into another. Eom. xi. 18-26. He says that the alien Gentiles are made fel- low-citizens with believing Jews in the old household of the faith. — Eph. ii. 11-22. (3.) The covenant which constituted the ancient church also constituted Abraham the father of many na- tions. The promise of\" the covenant was that God would \" be a God unto him and to his seed after him.\" This covenant, therefore, embraced the \"many nations\" with their father Abraham. Hence it never could have been fulfilled until the advent of the Messiah, and the abolishment of the restrictive law. Hence the Abrahamic covenant, instead of having been superseded by the gospel, only now begins to have its just ac- complishment. Hence, on the day of Pentecost, Peter exhorts all to repent and be baptized, because the Abrahamic covenant still held in force for all Jew^s and for their children, and for all those afar off\", i. e.. Gentiles, as many as God should call. Acts ii. 38, 39. Hence also Paul argued earnestly that since the Abrahamic covenant is still in force, therefore, from its very terms, the Gentiles who should believe in Christ had a right to a place in tliat ancient church, which was founded upon it, on equal terms with the .lews. \" In thee shall all nations be blessed, so then,\" says Paul, \"they which be of faith are blessed with faithful Abraham,\" and all who believe in Christ, Jew or Gentile indiscriminately, \" are,\" to the full intent of the cove- nant, \"Abrahaju's seed, and heirs according to the promise,\" Gal. iii. G-29, Avliich promise was, \" I will be a God to thee, and TO THY SEED AFTER THEE.\" / CHURCH MEMBERSHIP OF CHILDREN RECOGNIZED. 621 The bearing of this argument upon the question of infant baptism is direct and conchisive. 1st. Baptism now occupies the same relation to the covenant and the church which circumcision did. (1.) Both rites repre- sent the same spiritual grace, namely, regeneration. — Deut. xxx. 6; Col. ii. 11; Rom. vi. 3, 4. (2.) Baptism is now what circum- cision was, the seal, or confirming sign, of the Abrahamic cov- enant. Peter says, \" be baptized for the promise is to you and to your children.\" — Acts ii. 38, 39. Paul says explicitly that baptism is the sign of that covenant, \" for as many as have been baptized into Christ are Abraham's seed, and heirs accord- ing to the promise,\" Gal. iii, 27, 29 ; and that baptism is the circumcision of Christ. — Col. ii. 10, 11. (3.) Both rites are the appointed forms, in successive eras, of initiation into the church, which we have proved to be the same church under both dispensations. 2d. Since tlie church is tlie same, in the absence of all ex- plicit command to the contrary, the members are the same. Children of believers were members then. They ought to be recognized as members now, and receive the initiatory rite. This the apostles took for granted as self-evident, and imiver- sally admitted; an explicit command to baptize Avould have implied doubt in the ancient church rights of infants. 3d. Since the covenant, with its promise to be \" a God to the believer and his seed,\" is expressly declared to stand firm under the gospel, the believer's seed have a right to the seal of that promise. — Dr. John M. Mason's \"Essays on the Church.\" 28. Present the evidence that Christ recognized the church stand- ing qf children. 1st. Christ declares of little children (^Matthew, vtaidm, Luke fti)i(pr}, infants) that \" of such is the kingdom of heaven.\" — Matt, xix. 14; Luke xviii. 16. The phrase \"kingdom of God and of heaven \" signifies the visible church under the new dispensa- tion.—Matt, iii. 2 ; xiii. 47. 2d. In his recommission of Peter, after his apostasy, our Lord commanded him, as under sliepherd, to feed the lambs, as well as the sheep of the flock. — John xxi. 15-17. 3d. In his general commission of the apostles, he com- manded them to disciple ncdions (which are always consti- tuted of families) by baptizing, and then teaching them. — Matt, xxviii. 19, 20. 29. Siiow tliat the apostles ahuays acted on the principle that the child, is a church member if the parent is. The apostles were not settled pastors in the midst of an es- 622 BAPTISM. tablished Christian community, but itinerant missionaries to an unbelieving world, sent not to baptize, but to preach the gospel. — 1 Cor i. 17. Hence we have in the Acts and Epistles the record of only ten separate instances of baptism. In two of these, viz., of the eunuch and of Paul, Acts viii. 38; ix. 18, there were no families to be baptized. In the case of the three thousand on the day of Pentecost, the people of Samaria, and the disciples of John at Ephesus, crowds were baptized on the very spot on which they professed to believe. Of the remain- ing five instances, in the four cases in which the family is men- tioned at all, it is expressly said they were baptized, viz., the households of Lydia of Thyatira, of the jailer of Philippi, of Stephanas, and of Crispus. — Acts xvi. 15, 32, 33; xviii. 8; 1 Cor. i. 16. In the remaining instance of Cornelius, the record im- plies that the family was also baptized. Thus the apostles, in every case, without a single recorded exception, baptized be- lievers on the spot, and whenever they had families, they also baptized their households, as such. They also addressed children in their epistles as members of tlie church. — Compare Eph. i. 1, and Col. i. 1, 2, with Eph. vi. 1-3, and Col. iii. 20. And declared that even the children of only one believing parent were to be regarded \" holy,\" or con- secrated to the Lord, i. e., as church members. — 1 Cor. vii. 12-14. 30. What arguynent may he inferred from the fact that the bless- ings symbolized in baptism are promised and granted to children ? Baptism represents regeneration in union with Christ. In- fants are born children of wrath, even as others. They can not be saved, therefore, unless they are born again, and have part in the benefits of Christ's death. They are evidently, from the nature of the case, in the same sense capable of being subjects of regeneration as adults are. \" Of such is the king- dom of heaven.\" — Matt. xxi. 15, 16; Luke i. 41, 44. 31. What argument may be drawn from the practice of the early church ? The practice of infant baptism is an institution which exists as a fact, and prevails throughout the universal church, with the exception of the modern Baptists, whose origin can be def- initely traced to the Anabaptists of Germany, about a. d. 1537. Such an institution must either have been handed down from the apostles, or have had a definite commencement as a nov- elty, which must have been signalized by opposition and con- troversy. As a fact, however, we find it noticed in the very earliest records as a universal custom, and an apostolical tradi- INFANT BAPTISM APOSTOLICAL. 623 tion. Justin Martyr, writing a. d. 138, says that \"There were among Christians of his time, many persons of both sexes, some sixty and some seventy years old, who had been made disciples of Christ from their infancy.\" Iren^eus, born about a. d. 97, says, \" He came to save all by himself; all I say who by liim are horn again unto God, infants, and little children and youths.\" It is acknowledged by TertuUian, born in Carthage, a. d. 160, or only sixty years after the death of the apostle John. Origen, born of Christian parents in Egypt, a. d. 185, declares that it was \"the usage of the church to baptize infants,\" and that \" the church had received the tradition from the apostles.\" Cyprian, bisliop of Carthage from a. d. 248 to 258, together with an entire synod over which he presided, decided that baptism should be administered to infants before the eighth day. St. Augustine, born a. d. 358, declared that this \" doc- ti'ine is held by the whole church, not instituted by councils, but always retained.\" This Pelagius admitted, after having visited all parts of the church from Britain to Syria, although the fact was so repugnant to his system of doctrine. — See Wall's \"Hist, of Infant Baptism,\" and Bingham's \"Christ. Antiquities,\" Bk. XL, Ch. iv. Our argument is that infant baptism has prevailed (a) from the apostolic age, (Ji) in all sections of the ancient church, (c) uninterruptedly to the present time, {d) in every one of the great historical churches of tlie Reformation. While its im- pugners (a) date since the Reformation, (h) and ai'e generally guilty of the gross schismatical sin of close communion. 32. How is the objection, that faith is a prerequisite to haptism, and that infants can not believe, to be answered ? The Baptists argue — 1st. From the commission of the Lord, \"Go preach — he that believeth and is baptized shall be saved; he that believeth not shall be damned,\" ]\\Iark xvi. 16, that infants ought not to be baptized because they can not believe. 2d. From the nature of baptism, as a sign of a spiritual grace and seal of a covenant, that infants ought not to be baptized, since they are incapable of understanding the sign, or of contracting the covenant. We answer — 1st. The requisition of faith evidently applies only to the adult, because faith is made the essential prere- quisite of salvation, and yet infants are saved, though they can not believe. 2d. Circumcision was a sign of a spiritual grace; it required faith in the adult recipient, and it was the seal of a covenant; yet, by God's appointment, infants were circum- cised. The ix\\\\i\\\\ is that faith is required, but it is the faith of the parent acting for his child. The covenant of which bap- 624 BAPTISM. tism is the seal is contracted with the parent, in behalf of the child upon whom the seal is properly applied. It is besides to be remembered that the infant is not a thing, but a person born with an unholy moral nature, and fully ca- pable of present regeneration, and of receiving from the Holy Ghost the \"habit\" or state of soul of which faith is the expres- sion. Hence Calvin says (\"Instit.,\" Bk. 4, ch. xvi., § 20), \"The seed of both repentance and faith lies hid in them by the secret operation of the Spirit,\" 33. Hoio can lue avoid the conclusion that infants should he ad- mitted to the Lord's Siq^per, if they are admitted to baptism? The same reason and the same precedents do not hold in relation to both sacraments. 1st. Baptism recognizes and seals church membership, while the Lord's Supper is a commemora- tive act. 2d. In the action of baptism the subject is passive, and in that of the Lord's Supper active. 3d. Infants were never admitted to the Passover until they were capable of compre- hending the nature of the service. 4th. The apostles baptized households, but never admitted households as such to the Supper.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "225", "sort_key": 225, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "Whose  children  ought  to  he  haptized  ?", "answer": "\" Infants of such as are members of the visible church,\" \"S. Cat.,\" Q. 95; that is, theoretically, \"infants of one or both believing parents,\" \"Con. of Faith,\" Chap, xxviii,, sec. 4; and practically, \"of parents, one or both of them professing faith in Christ.\" — \"L. Cat,\" Q. 166. Eoman Catholics, Episcopalians, the Protestants of the continent, the Presbyterians of Scotland (and formerly of this country), act upon the principle that every baptized person, not excommunicated, being himself a member of the visible church, has a right to have his child regarded and treated as such also. Even when parents are unbelievers Catholics and Episcopalians will baptize their in- fants upon the faith of sponsors. It is evident, however, that only the children of such parents, or actual guardians, as make a credible profession of personal faith ought to be baptized. 1st. Because of tlie nature of the act. Faith is the condition of the covenant of which baptism is the seal. The Gen. Assembly of 1794 decided that our \"Direc- tory for Worship \" demands that the parent enters before God and the Cliurch into an express engagement,\" \" that they pray with and for the child, that they set an example of piety and godliness before it,\" etc. And the Gen. Synod of 1735 asserts that if other than parents professing piety are encouraged to take these engagements \"the seal would be set to a blank\" THE EFFICACY OF BAPTISM. 625 (\"Moore's Digest,\" pp. 665 and 666). Hence it is evident that the conditions prerequisite for having one's children baptized are precisely the same with those prerequisite for being bap- tized or admitted to the Lord's Supper one's self, {. e., credible profession of a true faith. 2d. Sponsors who are neither parents nor actual and per- manent guardians are evidently neither the providentially con- stituted representatives of the child, nor in a position to make good their engagements. 3d. Those who, having been baptized, do not by faith and obedience discharge their baptismal vows when they are of mature age, are ifso fodo in a state of suspension from cove- nant privileges, and can not, therefore, plead them for their children. 4th. The apostles baptized the households only of those who professed faith in Christ. The Efficacy of Baptism. 35. What is the Romish and Ritualistic doctrine as to the effi- cacy of hajjtism. The Romish doctrine, with which the \"Tractarian\" doctrine essentially agrees, is, 1st, that baptism confers the merits of Christ and the power of the Holy Ghost, and therefore (1) it cleanses from inherent corruption ; (2) it secures the remission of the penalty of sin; (3) it secures the infusion of sanctify- ing grace; (4) it unites to Christ; (5) it impresses upon the soul an indelilale character; (6) it opens the portals of heaven. Newman, \" Lectures on Justification,\" p. 257 ; \" Cat. Rom.,\" Pt. n., Chap, ii., Q. 32-44. 2d. That the efficacy of the ordi- nance is inherent in itself in virtue of the divine institution. Its virtue does not depend either on the merit of the officiating minister, nor on that of the recipient, but in the sacramental action itself as an opus opercdum. In the case of infants, the only condition of its efficiency is the right administration of the ordinance. In the case of adults its efficiency depends upon the additional condition that the recipient is not in mor- tal sin, and does not resist by an opposing will. — Dens \"De Baptismo,\" N. 29.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "226", "sort_key": 226, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "What  is  the  Lutheran  doctrine  on  this  subject  ?", "answer": "The Lutherans agreed with the Reformed churches in repu- diating the Romish doctrine of the magical efficacy of this sacrament as an opus operatum. But they went much further than the Reformed in maintaining the sacramental union be- tween the sign and the grace signified. Luther, in his \"Small 40 626 BAPTISM. Cat.,\" Pt. iv., sec. 2, says baptism, \" worketh forgiveness of sins, delivers from death and the devil, and confers everlasting sal- vation on all who believe,\" and, in sec. 3, that \" it is not the water indeed which produces these effects, bnt the word of God which accompanies, and is connected with the water, and our faith, which relies on the word of God connected with the water. For the water without the Avord is simply water and no baptism. But when connected with the word of God, it is a baptism, that is, a gracious water of life, and a washing of regeneration.\" This efficacy depends upon true saving iaith in the adult subject: \"Moreover, faith being absent, it remains only a naked and inoperative sign.\" Hence they hold — 1st. Baptism is an efficient means of con- ferring the forgiveness of sins and the grace of Christ. 2d. It contains the grace it confers. 3d. Its efficacy resides not in the water but in the word, and in the Holy Spirit in the word. 4th. Its efficacy, in the case of the adult, depends upon the faith of the subject. Krauth's \" Conservative Reformation,\" pp. 545-584", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "227", "sort_key": 227, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "What  was  the  Zioinglian  doctrine  on  this  subject  ?", "answer": "That the outward rite is a mere sign, an objective rep- resentation by symbol of the truth, having no efficacy what- ever beyond that due to the truth represented. 38. What is the doctrine of the Reformed churches, and of our otvn among the member, on this subject ? They all agree, 1st, that the Zwinglian view is incomplete. 2d. That besides being a sign, baptism is also the seal of grace, and therefore a present and sensible conveyance and con- firmation of grace to the believer who has the witness in him- self, and to all the elect a seal of the benefits of the covenant of grace, to be sooner or later conveyed in God's good time. 3d. That this conveyance is effected, not by the bare opera- tion of the sacramental action, but by the Holy Ghost, which accompanies his own ordinance. 4th. That in the adult the reception of the blessing depends upon faith. 5th. That the benefits conveyed by baptism are not peculiar to it, but belong to the believer before or without baptism, and are often renewed to him afterwards. Our \"Conf Faith,\" Chap, xxviii., sections 5 and 6, affirms, \"1st. 'That by the right use of this ordinance the grace romised is not only offered, but really exhibited and conferred y the Holy Ghost to such (whether of age or infants), as that grace belongeth unto.' DOCTRINE OF BAPTISMAL REGENERATION. 627 '■ 2d. That baptism does not in all cases secure the blessings of the covenant. \" 3d. That in the cases in which it does the gift is not connected necessarily in time with the administration of the ordinance. \"4th. That these blessings depend upon two things: (1) the right use of the ordinance; (2) the secret purpose of God.\" — Dr. Hodge. 39. Wliat in general is the doctrine hiotvn as Baptismal Regen- eration ? On ivliat ground does it rest ? and liow can it he shoivn to be false ? The Protestant advocates of Baptismal Regeneration, with- out committing themselves to the Romish theory of an opus operation, hold that baptism is God's ordained instrument of communicating the benefits of redemption in the first instance. That whatever gracious experiences ma}^ be enjoyed by the unbaptized, are uncovenanted mercies. That by baptism the guilt of original sin is removed, and the Holy Ghost is given, Avhose effects remain like a seed in the soul, to be actualized by the free-will of the subject, or neglected and hence rendered abortive. Every infant is regenerated when baptized. If he dies in infancy the seed is actualized in paradise. If he lives to adult age, its result depends upon his use of it (Bhuit's \" Diet, of Theology,\" Art. Baptism). See above, Ch. XXIX., Ques. 4. They rest their doctrine on a large class of Scripture pas- sages like the following, \" Christ gave himself for the church that he might sanctify and cleanse it by the washing of water, by the word,\" Eph v. 26, \"Arise and be baptized, and wash away thy sins.\" — Acts xxii. 16. Also John iii. 5; 1 Pet. iii. 21; Gal. iii. 27, etc. The Reformed explain these passages on the following prin- ciples. 1st. In every sacrament there are two things (a) an outward visible sign, and (/;) an inward invisible grace thereby signified. There is between these a sacramental or symbolical relation that naturally gives rise to a nsiis loquendi, whereby the properties and effects of the grace are attributed to the sign. Yet it never follows that the two are inseparable, any more than it proves the absurdity that the two are identical. 2d. The sacraments are badges of religious faith, and neces- sarily involve the profession of that faith. In all ordinary lan- guage, therefore, that faith is presumed to be present, and to be genuine, in which case the grace signified by the sacrament is, of course, always not only offered but conveyed (\" S. Cat.,\" Ques. 91 and 92). 628 BAPTISM. That baptism can not be the only or even the ordinary means of conveying the grace of regeneration (i. e., for initi- ating the soul into a state of grace) is plain. — 1st. Faith and repentance are the fruits of regeneration. But faith and re- pentance are required as conditions prerequisite to baptism. — Acts ii. 38; viii. 37; x. 47, and xi. 17. 2d. This doctrine is identical Avith that of the Pharisees, which Christ and his apostles constantly rebuked. — j\\Iatt. xxiii. 23-26. \" For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision availeth any thing, nor uncircumcision, but faith that worketh by love — but a new creature.\" — Gal. v. 6, and vi. 15; Rom. ii. 25-29. Faith alone is said to save, the absence of faith alone to damn. — Acts xvi. 31, and ]\\Iark xvi. 1(3. 3d. The entire spirit and method of the gospel is ethical not magical. The great instrument of the Holy Ghost is the truth, and all that is ever said of the eiScacy of the sacraments is said of the efficacy of the truth. They are means of grace therefore in common with the word and as they contain and seal it (1 Pet. i. 23, and John xvii. 17, 19). Our Saviour says \"% their fruits ye shall hioiv them.\" — (i\\Iatt. vii. 20). 4th. This doctrine is disproved by experience. Vast mul- titudes of the baptized of all ages and nations bring forth none of the frviits of regeneration. Multitudes who were never bap- tized have produced these fruits. The ages and communities in which this doctrine has been most strictly held have been conspicuous for spiritual barrenness. 5th. The great evil of the system of which the doctrine of baptismal regeneration is a part, is that it tends to make re- ligion a matter of external and magical forms, and hence to promote rationalistic skepticism among the intelligent, and superstition among the ignorant and morbid, and to dissociate among all classes religion and morality. , The Necessity of Baptism.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "228", "sort_key": 228, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "What  is  the  Romish  doctrine  as  to  the  necessity  ofhajjtism?", "answer": "That it is by the appointment of God the one means, s/??e qua non, of justification (regeneration, etc.) both fcji\" infants and adults. In the case of adults they except only the case of those who have formed a sincere piu'pose of being baptized, which has been providentially hindered. In the case of infants there is no exception.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "229", "sort_key": 229, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "What  is  the  Lutheran  view?", "answer": "Their standards state the necessity of the sacraments with- out apparent qualification (See \"Aug. Coiif ,\" Art. 9, and \" Apol. THE NECESSITY OF BAPTISM. 629 Aug. Conf.,\" p. 156, quoted under last chapter). But Dr. Krauth has shown from the writings of Luther and their standard the- ologians, that their actual view was that (1) baptism is not essential (as e. g., Christ's atonement is), but that (2) it is neces- sary, as the ordained ordinary means of conferring grace, yet (3) not unconditlonaUij, because the \"necessity\" is limited (a) by the possibility of having it, so that not the deprivation of bap- tism, but the contempt of it condemns a man, and (&) by the fact that all the blessings of baptism are conditioned on faith. (4) Baptism is not always followed by regeneration, and regen- eration is not always preceded by baptism, and men may be saved though unbaptized. (5) That within the church all in- fants are saved although unbaptized. (6) As to infants of heathen, the point undecided, because unrevealed, but hopeful views entertained. — Krauth's \" Conserv. Reform.,\" pp. 557-564.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "230", "sort_key": 230, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "What  is  the  Reformed  doctrine  ?", "answer": "That it is \"necessary\" because commanded, and universally obligatory, because it is a divinely ordained and most precious means of grace, which it would be impious knowingly and willingly to neglect. And because it is the appointed and com- monhj recognized badge whereby our allegiance to Christ is openly acknowledged. Under the circumstances, intelligent neglect of the sacraments looks very like treason. But baptism does not ordinarily confer grace in the first instance, but presupposes it, and the grace it symbolizes and seals is often realized both before and without their use. — \"Conf. Faith,\" Ch. xxviii., \"Cal. Instit.,\" Bk. IV., ch. xvi., § 26. The Authokitative Ckeed Statements. Romish Doctbine. ''Gil. Cone. Trident.,\" Pt. 2, Ch. 2, Qiies. 5.— \"It foUows that baptism may be accurately and appositely defined to be the sacrament of regen- eration by water in the word. For by nature we are born from Adam children of \\VTath, but by baptism we are regenerated in Christ children of mercy.\" lb., Pt. 2, Ch. 2, Ques. 33. — \"For as no other means of salvation remains for infant children except baptism, it is easy to comprehend the enormity of the guilt under which they lay themselves, who sufler them to be deprived of the gi'ace of the sacrament longer than necessity requires.\" Bellarmin, \"Bapt.,\" 1, 4. — \"The church has always believed that in- fants perish if they depart this life without baptism. For although little children faU of baptism without any fault of then.' own, yet they do not perish without their own faiilt, since they have original sin.\" Lutheran DocTRrNE. — See quotations under last chapter. Quenstedt, iv., 147. — \"By baptism and in baptism the Holy Ghost excites in infants a true, saving, life-giving, and actual faith, whence also baptized infants truly believe.\" 630 BAPTISM. \"Art. SmalcnM,\" pt. 3, art. 5, \"De Baptismo.\" — \"Baptism is nothing else than the word of God with clipping in water, according to his insti- tution and command. . . . The word is added to the element and it becomes a sacrament.\" \"C(xt. Minor,\" iv., Ques. 3. — \"Baptism effects remission of sins, liber- ates from death and the devil, and gives eternal blessedness to all and each who believe this which the word and divine promises hold forth.\" Refoemed Doctbine. '■'■Cat. Giiiiev.,\" p. 522. — \"The signification of baptism has two parts, for therein is rei^resented remission of sins Do you attribute nothing else to the Avater, than that it is only a figure of washing ? I think it is such a figure, that at the same time a truth is joined with it. For God does not disappoint us in promising to us his gifts. Hence it is certain that pardon of sins and newness of life are offered and received by us in baptism.\" C'lliTiu's \"Itistit.,\" B. iv., Ch. 16, | 26. — \"I would not be understood as insinuating that baptism may be contemned with impunity. So far from excusing this contempt, I hold that it violates the covenant of the Lord. The passage (John v. 24) only serves to show that we must not deem baptism so necessary as to supijose that every one who has lost the opportunity of obtaining it has forthwith ijerished. \" '■'Thirtii-nine Art. of Gh. of Enghtiul,\" Axi. 27. — \" Baptism is not only a sign of profession, and mark of difference, whereby Christian men are discerned from others that are not christened, but it is also a sign of re- generation or new birth, whereby, as by an instrument, they that receive baptism rightly are grafted into the church: the promises of the forgive- ness of sin, and of our adoption to be the sons of God by the Holy Ghost, are visibly signed and sealed; faith is confii-med, and grace increased by virtue of prayer unto God.\" \" The baptism of young children is in any wise to be retained in the church, as most agreeable with the institution of Christ. \" \"Cu»f Faith,\" Ch. 28; \"i. Cat.,\" Q. 165-167; \" S. Cat.,\" Q. 94, 95. I 1. — \"Baptism is a sacrament of the New Testament, ordained by Jesus Christ, not only for the solemn admission of the party baptized into the visible church, but also to be unto him a sign and seal of the covenant of grace, of his ingrafting into Christ, of regeneration, of I'emis- sion of sins, and of his giving up unto God, through Jesus Christ, to walk in newness of Hfe.\" I 5. — \"Although it be a great sin to contemn or neglect this ordinance, yet grace and salvation are not so inseparably annexed unto it, as that no person can be regenerated or saved without it, or that all that are bai> tized are undoubtedly regenerated.\" .^ 6. — \"The efficacy of baptism is not tied to that moment of time wherein it is administered; yet, notwithstanding, by the right tise of this ordinance the grace promised is not only ofl:ered, but really exhibited and conferred by the Holy Ghost, to such (whether of age or infants) as that grace belongeth unto, according to the council of God's own will, in his appointed time.\" SociNiAN Doctbine. — Socinus beheved baptism to have been practiced by the apostles after the death of Christ, and to have been apphcable only to converts from without the church. Socinians generally held baptism to be only a badge of public profession of adherence to Christ, and maintained that immersion is the only proper mode, and adults the only projier subjects. — \"Bacovian Cat.,\" Section 5, Ch. 3. CHAPTER XLIII. THE LORD'S SUPPER. 1. In what passages of the Neiv Testament is the institution of the Lord's Supper recorded ? Matt. xxvi. 26-28; Mark xiv. 22-24; Luke xxii. 17-20; 1 Cor. X. 16, 17 ; and xi. 23-30. 2. Prove that its observance is a perpetual obligation. 1st. From the words of institution, \"Do this in remembrance of me,\" and again \"this do as oft as ye drink it in remembrance of me.\" 2d. Paul's word. — 1 Cor. xi. 26. \" For as often as ye eat this bread and drink this cup ye do show the Lord's death tiU he come.\" 3d. The apostoHc example (Acts ii. 42 and 46; XX. 7, etc). 4th. The frequent reference to it as of perpetual obligation in the apostolical Avritings (1 Cor. x. 16-21, etc). 5th. The practice of the entire Christian church in all its branches from the first. 3. What are the various phrases used in Scripture to designate the Lord's Supper, and their import ? 1st. \"Lord's Supper.\" — 1 Cor. xi. 20. The Greek word deiTtvov, translated supper, designated the dinner, or principal meal of the Jews, taken towards or in the evening. Hence this sacrament received this name because it was instituted at that meal. It was called the \"Lord's,\" because it was instituted by him, to commemorate his death, and signify and seal his grace. 2d. \"Cup of blessing.\" — 1 Cor. x. 16. The cup was blessed by Christ, and the blessing of God is now invoked upon it by the officiating minister. — Matt. xxvi. 26, 27. 3d. \" Lord's Table.\" — 1 Cor. x. 21. Table here stands by a usual figure for the provisions spread upon it. It is the table at which the Lord invites his guests, and at which he presides. 4th. \" Communion.\" — 1 Cor. x. 16. In partaking of this sacrament, the fellowship of the believer with Christ is estab- 632 THE LORD'S SUFFER. lished and exercised in a mutual giving and receiving, and consequently also the fellowship of believers with one another, through Christ. 5th. \" Breaking of bread.\" — Acts ii. 42. Here the symboli- cal action of the officiating minister is put for the whole service.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "231", "sort_key": 231, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "By  ichat  other  terms  tvas  it  designated  in  the  early  church  ?", "answer": "1st. \" Eucharist,\" from evxapidreo), to give thanks. See Matt, xxvi. 27. This beautifully designates it as a thanksgiving ser- vice. It is both the cup of thanksgiving, wdiereby we celebrate the grace of God and pledge our gratitude to him, and tlie cup of blessing, or the consecrated cup. 2d. \"Suva^ii,'' a coming together, because the sacrament was administered in the public congregation. 3d. \"Aeirovpyia,'^ a sacred ministrafion, appHed to the sacra- ment by way of eminence. From this word is derived the English word liturgy. 4th. ''Qv6ia,^^ sacrifice offering. \"This term was not applied to the sacrament in the proper sense of a propitiatory sacrifice. But (1) because it was accompanied with a collection and obla- tion of alms; (2) because it commemorated the true sacrifice of Cln-ist on the cross; (3) because it was truly a eucharistical sacrifice of praise and thanksgiving, Heb. xiii. 15; (4) because, in the style of the ancients, every religious action, whereby we consecrate any thing to God for his glory and our salvation, is called a sacrifice.\" 5th. 'Aydrcrf. The Agapse, or love feasts, were meals at Avhich all the communicants assembled, and in connection with which they received the consecrated elements. Hence the name of the feast was given to the sacrament itself (3th. Mv6Typiov, a mystery., or a symbolical revelation of truth, designed for the special benefit of initiated Christians. This was applied to both sacraments. In the Scriptures it is applied to all the doctrines of revelation. — Matt. xiii. 11; Col. i. 26. 7th. Missa, ma^s. The principal designation used by the Latin church. The most probable derivation of this term is from the ancient formula of dismission. When the sacred rites were finished the deacons called out, \" Ite, missa est,\" go, it is discharged. — Turretin, L. 19, Q. 21. 5. How is this sacrament defined, and ivhat are the essential points included in the defiidtion ? See \"L. Cat.,\" Q. 168; \"S. Cat.,\" Q. 96. KINDS OF BREAD AND WINE TO BE USED. 633 The essential points of this definition are, 1st, the elements, bread and wine, given and received according to the appoint- ment of Jesus Christ. 2d. The design of the recipient of doing this in obedience to Clirist's appointment, in remembrance of him, to show forth his death till he come. 3d. The promised presence of Christ in the sacrament by his Spirit, \" so that the worthy receivers are not after a corporeal and carnal manner, but by faith, made partakers of Christ's body and blood, with all his benefits, to their spiritual nourishment and growth in grace.\" 6. Wliat kind of bread is to he used in the sacrament^ and what is the usage of the different churches on this point ? Bread of some kind is essential, 1st, from the command of Christ; 2d, from the significancy of the symbol; since bread, as the principal natural nourishment of our bodies, represents his fiesh, which, as living bread, he gave for the life of the world. — John vi. 51. But the kind of bread, whether leavened or unleavened, is not specified in the command, nor is it ren- dered essential by the nature of the service. Christ used unleavened bread because it was present at the Passover. The early Christians celebrated the Communion at a common meal, with the bread of common life, which was leavened. The Romish Church has used unleavened bread ever since the eighth century, and commands the use of the same as the only proper kind, but does not make it essential (\" Cat. Cone. Trident.,\" Pt. 2, ch. iv., §§ 13 and 14). The Greek Church insists upon the use of leavened bread. The Lutheran Church uses unleavened bread. The Eeformed Church, includ- ing the Church of England, regards the use of leavened bread, as the food of common life, to be most proper, since bread in the Supper is the symbol of spiritual nourishment. The use of sweet cake, practiced in some of our churches, is provincial and arbitrary, and is without any support in Scripture, tradi- tion, or good taste. 7. What is the meaning of the term oivo?, wine, in the New Testament, and how does it appear that ivine and no other liquid must be used in the Lord's Sup)'per ? It is evident from the usage of this word in the New Testa- ment that it was designed by the sacred writers to designate the fermented juice of the grape.— Matt. ix. 17; John ii. 3-10; Rom. xiv. 21; Eph. v. 18; 1 Tim. iii. 8; v. 23; Titus ii. 3. This is established by the unanimous testimony of all com- petent scholars and missionary residents in the East. — See Dr. Lindsay W. Alexander's article in Ivitto's \" Cyclopt^dia \" ; 634 THE LORD'S SUPPER. and Dr. AVm. L. Beran's art. on \"AVine\" in \"Smith's Bible Diet.\"; and Dr. Ph. Schaff in Lan_ge's \"Com. on John,\" ch. ii. 1-11, note p. Ill; and Kev. Dr. T. Laurie, missionary, in the \"Bibhotheca Sacra,\" Jan., 1869; and Dr. Justin Perkins' \"Res- idence of\" Eight Years in Persia,\" p. 236; and Dr. Eli Smith in the \"Bib. Sacra,\" 1846, pp. 385, etc.; and Rev. J. H. Shedd (missionary), in \"Interior,\" of July 20, 1871. The Romish Church contends, on the authority of tradition, that water should be mingled with the wine (\"Cat. Cone. Tri- dent., Pt. II., Ch. iv., Ques. 16 and 17). But this has not been commanded, nor is it involved in any way in the symbolical significancy of the rite. That wine and no other liquid is to be used is clear from the record of the institution, Matt. xxvi. 26-29, and from the usage of the apostles. 8. How does it appear that hreahing the bread is an important part of the service ? 1st. The example of Christ in the act of institution, which is particularly noticed in each inspired record of the matter. Matt. xxvi. 2(3 ; Mark xiv. 22 ; Luke xxii. 19 ; 1 Cor. xi. 24. 2d. It is prominently set forth in the reference made by the apostles to the sacrament in the epistles. — 1 Cor. x. 16. The entire service is designated from this one action. 3d. It pertains to the symbolical significancy of the sacra- ment. (1.) It represents the breaking of Christ's body for us. 1 Cor. xi. 24. (2.) It represents the communion of believers, being many in one body. — 1 Cor. x. 17. This is denied by the Lutheran Church, which holds that the \"breaking \"is only a preparation for distribution (see Krauth's \" Conservative Ref- ormation,\" pp. 719-722). 9. What is tJie proper interpretation of 1 Cor. x. 16, and in what sense are tJw elements to he blessed or consea^ated ? The phrase to bless is used in Scriptin*e only in three senses, 1st. To bless God, i. c, to declare his praises, and to utter our gratitude to him. 2d. To confer blessing actually, as God does upon his creatures. 3d. To invoke the blessing of God upon any person or tiling. The \" cup of lilessing which Ave bless \" is the consecrated cup upon which the minister has invoked the divine blessing. As the blessing of God is invoked upon food, and it is thus consecrated unto the end of its natural use, 1 Tim. iv. 5, so the elements are set apart as sacramental signs of an invisible spir- itual grace, to the end of showing forth Christ's death, and of ministering grace to the believing recipient, by the invocation DISTRIBUTION OF THE ELEMENTS ESSENTIAL. 635 by the minister of God's blessing in the promised presence of Cln-ist through his Spirit. The Romish Church teaches that when the priest pro- nounces the words of consecration with the due intention, lie really effects the transubstantiation of the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ. The form to be used in the consecration of the bread is, \" This is my body.\" The form to be used in consecrating the wine is, \" For this is the chalice of my blood, of the new and eternal testament, the mystery of faith, which shall be shed for you and for many for the remis- sion of sins\" (\"Cat. Cone. Trident,\" Pt. II., Ch. iv., Ques. 19-26). 10. Show that the distribution of tJie elements to the people and their reception by them is an essential part of this sacramejit ? Since the Romish Church has perfectly developed the doc- trines of transubstantiation, and of the sacrifice of the mass, they have logically come to regard the essential design of the ordinance to be effected when the act of consecration has been performed, and hence the distribution of the elements to the people is considered non-essential. Hence they preserve the bread as the veritable body of the Lord shut up in the pyx, carry it about in processions and worship it. Hence they also maintain the right of the priest in the mass to communicate without the people, and to carry the wafer to the sick who are absent from the place of communion. — \"Cone. Trident.,\" Sess. 13, Ch. 6, and cans. 4-7, and Sess. 22, can. 8. Protestants, on the contrary, hold that it is of the essence of this holy ordinance that it is an action, beginning and ending in the appointed use of the elements. \" Take ecd\" said Christ. \" This do in remembrance of me.\" It is a \" breaking of bread,\" an \" eating and drinking \" in remembrance of Clirist, it is a \"communion.\" Protestants all hold, consequently, that tlie distribution and reception of the elements are essential parts of the service, and that when these are accomplished the sac- rament ends. The Lutherans hold that the presence of the flesh and blood of Christ in the sacrament is confined to the time of the sacramental use of the elements, that is to the time of their distribution and reception, and that what remains afterwards is common bread and wine. — \" Form. Concord.,\" Pt. 2, Ch. 7, 82, and 108; \" Conf Faith,\" Ch. 29, § 4. The Reformed Church holds that the elements should be put into the hands of the communicant, and not as Catholics, into his mouth. Christ said, \" take eat,\" and the act is sym- bolical of personal self-appropriation. Since this sacrament is a \" communion \" (1 Cor. x. 16, 17) of the members with one another and with Christ together, the 636 THE LORD'S SUPPER. rite is abused when the elements are sent to persons absent from the company among whom it is celebrated, and all pri- vate communion of ministers or laymen is absurd. In case of need all Reformed Churches allow the pastor and elders to go, with as many Christian friends as the case admits of, and hold a communion in the chamber of sick believers, who otherwise would be unable to attend (Gen. Assem. 0. S., 1863, \" Moore's Digest.,\" p. 668). 11. What should he the nature of the exercises during the distri- bution of the elements ? \"The Sacraments are seals of the Covenant of Grace\" formed between Christ and his people, and in the Lord's Supper \" the worthy receivers really and truly receive and apply unto them- selves Christ crucified,\" each believer being made \"a priest unto God\" (1 Pet. ii. 5; Rev. i. 6), \"having liberty to enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus\" (Heb. x. 19). From all this it necessarily follows that in this sacrament the communicants are to act immediately in their covenanting ivith the Lord. The minister ought never, therefore, to throw the commu- nicants into a passive attitude as the recipients of instructions or exhortations. All such didactic and hortatory exercises being assigned to the \"preparatory\" services, and to the ser- mon before communion, the minister should confine himself to leading the commimicants in the ait of communion in exe^xises of direct ivorshlp, such as suitable prayers and hymns. And all the prayers and hymns associated with this holy ordinance should be specifically appropriate to it, and not merely of a general religious character. The Relation of the Sign and the Grace Signified. 12. What is the Bomish doctrine on this subject? And hoiv is it expressed by the term Transubstantiation? The early fathers spoke of the presence of Christ in the Supper in indefinite language, and with a general tendency to exaggeration. Their metaphorical language tended to a con- fusion between the symbols of religious service and tlie spir- itual ideas represented. As the ministry came to be regarded as a priesthood, and the only channels of grace to the people, the sacraments were more and more exalted into the necessary instruments through which they acted. With the conception of a real priesthood necessarily emerged the need of a real sac- rifice; and for the reality of the sacrifice the real presence of a divine incarnate victim also was necessarily provided. ROMISH DOCTRINE OF TRANSUBSTANTIATION. 637 The doctrine in its present form was first brought out ex- plicitly by Paschasius Radbert, abbot of Corbet (a. d. 831). It was opposed b}^ Ratramnus, but gradually gained ground. The term transuhstantiatio., conversion of substance, was used to define it in the first instance by Hildebert of Tours (tll34). It was first decreed as an article of faith, at the instance of Innocent in., by the fourth \" Lateran Council,\" a. d. 1215. Their doctrine is that when the words of consecration are pronounced by the priest — 1st. The whole substance of the bread is changed into the very body of Christ which was born of the Virgin, and is now seated at the right hand of the Father in heaven, and the whole substance of the wine is changed into the blood of Christ. 2d. That as in his theanthropic person the soul is inseparable from the body, and the divinity from the soul, so in the sacrament the soul and body of the Re- deemer is present with his flesh and blood. 3d. That only the species, or sensible qualities of the bread and wine remain, accidentia sine subjecto, and that the substance of the flesh and blood is present without their accidents. 4th. This conversion of substance is permanent, so that the flesh and blood remain permanently and are to be preserved and adored as such. They rest their doctrine on Scripture (^Hic est corpus meum), tradition, and the authority of councils. 13. On what grounds does the Romish Church withhold the 2ise of the cup from all except the officiating priest ? and ivhat is their doctrine of ' concomitance ' ? The Eai'ly Church for ages, and the Greek and all Protestant Churches to the present time, follow the example of Christ and his apostles in distributing among all communicants both the bread and the wine, \".sm6 utraque forma.\" The Romish Church however, for fear that some portion of the Lord's person might be unintentionally desecrated, has restricted the cup to the offi- ciating minister alone. The only exception .allowed is when the cardinals receive the cup from the pope ofiiciating on Holy Thursday. The Hussite War had for its principal object the gaining for the people the privilege of communicating in both kinds. To defend their custom theologians advanced the doc- trine that the whole Christ is present in each of the elements, to which Thomas Aquinas first gave the name concomitantia. The body includes the nerves, sinews, and all else that is nec- essaiy to a complete body; and as the blood is inseparable from the flesh, and the soul from the body, and the divinity from the soul, it follows that the entire person of the Redeemer is present in each particle of both elements, separation having been made. He, therefore, who receives any fraction of the 638 THE LORD'S SUPPER. bread receives blood as well as flesh, because he receives the whole Christ. 14. Present the arguments proving the Romish doctrine of the relation of the sign to the thing signified to be unscriptural as well as irrational. 1st. The sole Scriptural argument of the Romanists is derived from the words of institution, \"This is my body\" (Matt. xxvi. 26). Protestants answer. This phrase in this place must mean, \" this bread represents, or symbolizes, my body.\" This is evi- dent— (1.) Because such language in Scripture must often be so interpreted, e. g., Gen. xli. 26, 27 — \"The seven good kine are seven j-ears: and the seven good ears are seven years.\" Dan. vii. 24 — \"And the ten horns are ten kings.\" Ex. xii. 11; Ezek. xxxvii. 11 — \"These bones are the whole house of Israel.\" Matt. xiii. 19, 37; Rev. i. 20 — \"The seven stars are the angels of the seven churches, and the seven candlesticks are the seven churches.\" (2.) In this case any other interpretation is ren- dered impossible by the fact that Christ was sitting present in the body when he spoke the words, and that he also eat the bread. (3.) Also by what Christ says of the cup. Matt., \"This cvp is my blood.\" Luke, \"This cup is the New Testament in my blood.\" Paul (1 Cor. x. 16) says the cup is the Hoivoovia of the blood, and the bread is the xotrcovia of the body of Christ. 2d. Paul calls one of the elements bread, as well after as before its consecration. — 1 Cor. x. 16; xi. 26-28. 3d. This doctrine is inconsistent with their own definition of a sacrament. They agree with Protestants and with the fathers in distinguishing, in every sacrament, two things, viz., the sign and the thing signified. See above. Chap. XLI., Ques- tion 2. But the doctrine of transubstantiation confounds these together. 4th. The senses, when exercised in their proper sphere, are as much a revelation from God as any other. No miracle re- corded in the Bible contradicted the senses, but, on the con- trary, the reality of the miracle was established by the testi- mony of the senses. See the transubstantiation of water into wine. — John ii. 1-10, and Luke xxiv. 36-43. But this doctrine flatly contradicts our senses, since we see, smell, taste, and touch the bread and wine as well after their consecration as before. 5th. Reason also, in its proper sphere, is a divine revelation, and though it may be transcended, never can be contradicted by any other revelation, supernatural or otherwise. See above, Chap. III., Question 14. But this doctrine contradicts the prin- ciples of reason (1) with respect to the nature of Christ's body, LUTHERAN VIEW OF THE LORD'S PRESENCE. 639 by supposing that, although it is material, it may be, without division, wholly present in heaven, and at many different places on earth at the same time. (2.) In maintaining that the body and blood of Christ are present in the sacrament, yet without any of their sensible qualities, and that all the sensible qualities of tlie bread and wine are present, while the bodies to which they belong are absent. But qualities have no existence apart from the substances to which they belong. 6th. This doctrine is an inseparable part of a system of priestcraft entirely anti-Christian, including the worship of the host, the sacrifice of the mass, and hence the entire substitu- tion of the priest and his work in the place of Christ and his work. It also blasphemously subjects the awful divinity of our Saviour to the control of his sinful creatures, wlio at their own will call him down from heaven, and withhold or commu- nicate him to the people. 15. Staie the LidJieran vieiv as to the nature of Christ's pres- ence in the Eucharist. The Lutherans hold — 1st. The communicatio idiomatum, or that the personal union of the divine and human natures involve the sharing of the humanity at least with the omnipres- ence of the divinity. The entire person of the incarnate God, body, soul, and divinity are everywhere. 2d. That the lan- guage of our Lord in the institution, \"This (bread) is my body,\" is to be understood literally. They, therefore, hold — 1st. That the entire person, body and blood of Christ are really and corporeally present in, Avith, and under the sensible elements. 2d. That they are received by the mouth. 3d. That they are received by the unbeliever as well as by the believer. But the unbeliever receives them to his own condemnation. On the other hand they deny — 1st. Transubstantiation ; hold- ing that the bread and wine remain (as to their substance) what they appear. 2d. That the pi-esence of Christ in the sacrament is effected by the officiating minister. 3d. That the presence of Christ in the elements is permanent; being sacramental, it ceases when the sacrament is over. 4th. That the bread and wine only represent Christ's body and blood. 5th. That the presence of the true body and blood is \" spiritual,\" in the sense of being mediated either (a) through the Holy Ghost, or (6) through the faith of the recipient. 16. State the doctrine of the Reformed Church. Luther's activity as a reformer extended from 1517 to 1546; Melanchthon's from 1521 to 1560; Zwingle's from his appear- 640 THE LORD'S SUPPER. ance at Zurich, 1518, to his death, 1531; Calvin's from 1536 to 1564 The Marburg Colloquy was held October, 1529; the Augsburg Confession published June, 1530; and the first edi- tion of \"Calvin's Institutes\" was published at Basle, 1536, and the finislied work Avas published by him in Geneva, 1559. I. Zwingle held that the bread and wine are mere memo- rials of the body of Christ absent in heaven. His view at first prevailed among the Eeformed churches, and was embodied in Zwingle's \"Fidei Ratio,\" sent to the diet at Augsburg, 1530; the \"Confessio Tetrapolitana,\" by Martin Bucer, 1530; the \"First Basle Confession,\" by Oswald Myconius, 1532; and the \"First Helvetic Confession,\" by Bullinger, Myconius, etc., 1536. II. Calvin occupied middle ground between the Zwinglians and Lutherans. He held — (1.) In common with Zwingle and all the Reformed that the words \"This is my body,\" means \"this bread represents my body.\" (2.) That God in this sacrament offers to all, and gives to all believing recipients, through the eating and drinking the bread and wine, all the sacrificial ben- efits of Christ's reden)ption. (3.) He also taught that besides this the very body and blood of Christ, though absent in heaven, communicate a life-giving influence to the believer in the act of receiving the elements. But that this influence though real and vital is (a) mystical not physical, {h) mediated through the Holy Ghost, (c) conditioned upon the act of faith by which the communicant receives them. This view is set forth chiefly in his \"Institutes,\" Bk. 4, Ch. 17, and in the \"Gallic Confession,\" Art. 36, prepared by a Synod in Paris, 1559; in the \"Scottish Confession,\" Art. 21, by John Knox, 1560; and the \"Belgic Confession,\" Art. 35, by Von Bres, 1561, III. After all hope of reconciling the Lutherans with the Reformed branches of the church on this subject was exhausted, Calvin drew up the Consensus Tigurimts in 1549 for the purpose of uniting the Zurich-Zwinglian with the Genevan-Calvinistic party in one doctrine of the Eucharist. It was accepted by both parties, and the doctrine it presents has ever since been received as the consensus of the Reformed churches. It pre- vails in the \"Second Helvetic Confession,\" by Bullinger, 1564; the \" Heidelberg Catechism,\" by Ursinus, a student of Me- lanchthon, 1562; the \"Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England,\" 1562; and the \"Westminster Confession of Faith,\" 1648. These all agree — 1st. As to the \"presence\" of the flesh and blood of Christ. (1.) His human nature is in heaven only. (2.) His Person as God-man is omnipresent everywhere and always, our communion is with his entire person rather than with his flesh and blood (see above, Ch. XIII., Ques. 13 and 16) EFFICACY OF THIS SACRAMENT. 641 (3.) The presence of his flesh and blood in the sacrament is neither physical nor local, but only through the Holy Spirit, affecting the soul graciously. 2d. As to iliat which the believer feeds upon, they agreed that it was not the \" substance \" but the virtue or efficacy of his body and blood, i. e., their sacrificial virtue, as broken and shed for sin. 3d. As to the \"feeding\" of believers upon this \"body and blood,\" they agreed — (1.) It Avas not with the mouth in any manner. (2.) It was by the soul alone. (3.) It was b}' faith, the mouth or hand of the soul. (4.) By or through the power of the Holy Ghost. (5.) It is not confined to the Lord's Supper. It takes place whenever faith in him is exercised. — \" Bib. Kef,\" April, 1848. The Efficacy of this Sacrament. 17. What is the Bomish doctrine as to the efficacy of the Eucha- rist, and in ivhat sense and on what ground do they hold that it is also a sacrifice ? They distinguish between the eucharist as a sacrament, and as a sacrifice. As a sacrament its effect is that ex opere operato the receiver who does not present an obstacle, is nourished spiritually, sanctified and replenished with merit by the actual substance of the Redeemer eaten or drunk. On the other hand — \" The sacrifice of tlie mass is an exter- nal oblation of the body and blood of Christ offered to God in recognition of his supreme Lordship, under the appearance of bread and wine visibly exhibited by a legitimate minister, with the addition of certain prayers and ceremonies prescribed by the church for the greater worship of God and edification of the people.\" — Dens, Vol. v., p. 358. With respect to its end it is to be distinguished into, 1st, Latreuticum, or an act of supreme worship offered to God. 2d. Eucharisticum, thanksgiving. 3d. Propitiatorium, atoning for sin, and propitiating God l)y the offering up of the body and blood of Cln-ist again. 4th. Imperatorium, since through it we attain to many spiritual and temporal blessings. — Dens, Vol. v., p. 368. The difference between the eucharist as a sacrament and a sacrifice is very great, and is twofold ; as a sacrament it is per- fected by consecration, as a sacrifice all its efficacy' consists in its oblation. As a sacrament it is to the worthy receiver a source of merit, as a sacrifice it is not only a source of merit, but also of satisfaction, expiating the sins of the living and the dead. — \"Cat. Rom.,\" Ft. II., Chap, iv., Q. 55; \"Council Trent,\" Sess. 22. 642 THE LORD'S SUPPER. They found this doctrine npon the authority of the church, and absurdly appeal to Mai. i. 11, as a prophecy of this perpet- ually recurrent sacrifice, and to the declaration, Heb. vii. 17, that Christ is \" a priest forever, after the order of Melchizedec,\" who, say they, discharged his priestly functions in offering bread and wine to Abraham. — Gen. xiv. 18.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "_source_title": "Outlines of Theology", "_author": "A. A. Hodge", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/download/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg/outlinesoftheolo1879hodg_djvu.txt", "document_id": "aa-hodge-outlines", "item_id": "232", "sort_key": 232, "group": "Chapter XXXIX", "question": "How  may  this doctrhie  he  refuted?", "answer": "1st. It has no foundation whatever in Scripture. Their appeal to the prophecy in Malachi, and to the typical relation of Melchizedec to Christ, is self-evidently absurd. 2d. It rests wholly upon the fiction of transubstantiation, which was disproved above. Question 14. 3d. The sacrifice of Christ on the cross was perfect, and from its essential nature excludes all others. — Heb. ix. 25-28; X. 10-14 and 18, 26, 27. 4th. It is inconsistent with the words of institution pro- nounced by Christ. — Luke xxii. 19, and 1 Cor. xi. 24-26. The sacrament commemorates the sacrifice of Christ upon the cross, and consequently can not be a new propitiatory sacrifice itself For the same reason the essence of a sacrament is different from that of a sacrifice. The two can not coexist in the same ordinance. 5th. It belonged to the very essence of all propitiatory sac- rifices, as well to the typical sacrifices of the Old Testament, as to the all-perfect one of Christ, that life should be taken, that blood should be shed, since it consisted in vicariously suffering the penalty of the law. — Heb. ix. 22. But the Papists them- selves call the mass a bloodless sacrifice, and it is wholly with- out pain or death. 6th. A sacrifice implies a priest to present it, but the Chris- tian ministry is not a priesthood. — See above, Chap. XXIV., Question 21. 19. What is the Lutheran vleio as to the efficacy of the sac- rament ? The Lutheran view on this point is that the efficacy of the sacrament resides not in the signs, but in the word of God con- nected Avith them, and that it is operative only when there is true faith in the receiver. This effect is identical with that of the word, and through faith includes the benefits of vital com- munion witli Christ and all the fruits thereof It, however, lays stress upon the virtue of the literal body and blood of Christ as present in, with, and imder, the bread and wine. This body and blood, being physically received equally by EFFICACY OF THIS SACRAMENT. 643 the believer and unbeliever, but being of gracious avail only in the case of the believer. — Luther's \" Small Cat.,\" Part V., Krauth's \" Conserv. Eeform.,' pp. 825-829. 20. What is the so-called Zwinglian and Remonstrant and So- cinian vieiv as to the efficacy of the Eucharist ? Zwingle died preraatiu-ely. He undoubtedly took too low a view of the sacraments. If he had lived he would, doubtless, have accompanied his disciples in their union with Calvin in the adoption of the Consensus Tigurinus. The doctrine ever since known by his name, and really held by the Socinians and Remonstrants, differs from the Reformed — 1st. In making the elements mere signs; and in denying that Christ is in any special sense present in the eucharist. 2d. In denying that they are means of grace, and holding that they are bare acts of commemoration and badges of profession. 21. What is the view of the Reformed churches upon this subject ? They rejected the Romish view which regards the efficacy of the sacrament as inhering in it physically as its intrinsic prop- erty, as heat inheres in fire. They rejected also the Lutheran view as far as it attributes to the sacrament an inherent super- natural power, due indeed not to the signs, but to the word of God wliich accompanies them, but which, nevertheless, is always operative, provided there be faith in the receiver. And, thirdly, they rejected the doctrine of the Socinians and others, that the sacrament is a mere badge of profession, or an empty sign of Christ and his benefits. They declared it to be an effica- cious means of grace ; but its efficacy, as such, is referred neither to any virtue in it, nor in him that administers it, but solely to the attending operation of the Holy Ghost (virtus Spiritus Sancti extrinsecus accedens), precisely as in the case of the word. It has indeed the moral objective power of a signifi- cant emblem, and as a seal it really conveys to every believer the grace of which it is a sign, and it is set apart with especial solemnity as a meeting point between Christ and his people ; but its power to convey grace depends entirely, as in the case of the word, on the co-operation of the Holy Ghost. Hence the power is in no way tied to the sacrament. It may be exerted without it. It does not always attend it, nor is it confined to the time, place, or service. — \"Bib. Ref,\" April, 1848; see \"Gal. Conf,\" Arts. 36 and 37; \" Helv.,\" ii., c. 21; \"Scotch Conf,\" Art. 21; 28th and 29th \"Articles of Church of Eng- land\"; also our own standards, \"Conf Faith,\" Chapter xxix., section 7. 644 THE LORD'S SUPPER, 22. What do 02(r standards teach as to the qualifications for admission to the Lord's Supper? 1st. Only those who are truly regenerated by the Holy Ghost are qualified, and only those who profess faith in Christ and walk consistently are to be admitted. 2d. Wicked and ignorant persons, and those who know themselves not to be regenerate, are not qualified, and ought not to be admitted by the church oflicers. — \" Conf. Faith,\" Ch. xxix., section 8; \" L. Cat.,\" Question 173. 3d. But since man}^ who doubt as to their being in Christ are nevertheless genuine Christians, so if one thus doubtiiig unfeignedly desires to be found in Christ, and to depart from iniquity, he ought to labor to have his doubts resolved, and, so doing, to come to the Lord's Supper, that he may be further strengthened. — \" L. Cat.,\" Question 172. 4tli. \"Children born within the pale of the visible chiu'ch, and dedicated to God in baptism, when they come to years of discretion, if they be free from scandal, appear sober and steady, and to have sufficient knowledge to discern the Lord's body, they ought to be informed it is their duty and their privilege to come to the Lord's Supper.\" \"The years of dis- cretion in young Christians can not be precisely fixed. This must be left to the prudence of the eldership.\" — \"Direct, for Worship,\" Chap. ix. 23. What is the practice which prevails in the different churches on this subject, and on lohat j^rinciples does such practice rest ? 1st. The Romanists make the condition of salvation to be union with and obedience to the church, and, consequently, admit all to the sacraments who express their desire to con- form and obey. \"No one,\" however, \"conscious of mortal sin, and having an opportunity of recurring to a confessor, however contrite he may deem himself, is to approach the holy eucha- rist, until he is purified by sacramental confession.\" — \"Coun. Trent,\" sess. 13, canon 11. The Lutherans agree with them in admitting all who conform to the external requirements of the church. 2d. High Church prelatists, and others who regard the sac- raments as in themselves effective means of grace, maintain that even those who, knowing themselves to be destitute of the fruits of the Spirit, nevertheless have speculative faith in the gospel, and are free from scandal, and desire to come, should be admitted. 3d. The faith and practice of all the evangelical churches is that the communion is designed only for believers, and there- QUALIFICATIONS FOR COMMUNION. 645 fore, that a credible profession of faith and obedience shonld be required of every applicant. (1.) The Baptist churches, denjnng; altogether the rig-lit of infant clrurch membership, receive all applicants for the communion as from the world, and therefore demand 2^o.s/^/t'e evidences of the new birth of all. (2.) All the Pedobaptist churches, maintaining that all children baptized in infancy are already members of the church, distinguish between the admission of the children of the church to the communion, and the admission de novo to the church of the unbaptized alien from the world. With regard to the former, the presumption is that they should come to the Lord's table when they arrive at \"years of discretion, if they be free from scandal, appear to be sober and steady, and to have sufficient knowledge to dis- cern the Lord's body.\" In the case of the unbaptized world- ling, the presumption is that they are aliens until they bring a credible profession of a change. 24. How may it he proved that the Lord's Supper is not designed for the unreneived ? It can, of course, be designed only for those who are spirit- ually qualified to do in reality what every recipient of the sac- rament does in form and professedly. But this ordinance is essentially — 1st. A profession of Christ. 2d. A solemn covenant to accept Christ and his gospel, and to fulfil the conditions of discipleship. 3d. An act of spiritual communion with Christ. The qualifications for acceptable communion, therefore, are such knowledge, and such a spiritual condition, as shall enable the recipient intelligently and honestly to discern in the em- blems the Lord's body as sacrificed for sin, to contract with him the gospel covenant, and to hold fellowship with him through the Spirit. 25. What have the church and its officers a right to require of those whom they admit to the Lord's Supper ? \"The officers of the church are the judges of the qualifica- tions of those to be admitted to sealing ordinances.\" \"And those so admitted shall be examined as to their knowledge and piety.\" — \"Direct, for Worsh.,\" Chap. ix. As God has not endowed any of these officers with the power of reading the heart, it follows that the qualifications of which they are the judges are simply those of competent knowledge, purity of life, and credible profession of faith. [By \"credible\" is meant not that which convinces, but that which can be believed to be genuine.] It is their duty to examine the applicant as to 646 THE LORD'S SUPPER. his knowledge, to watch and inquire concerning his Avalk and conversation, to set before him faithful!}^ the inward spiritual quahfications requisite for acceptable communion, and to hear his profession of that spiritual faith and purpose. The respon- sibility of the act then rests upon the individual professor, and not upon the session, wlio are never to be understood as passing judgment upon, or as indorsing the validity of his evidences. 26. What is the difference hetiveen the Presbyterian and the Congregational churches upon this point? There exists a difference between the traditionary views and practice of these two bodies of Christians with respect to the abihty, the right, and the duty of church officers, of form- ing and affirming a positive official judgment upon the in- ward spiritual character of applicants for church privileges. The Cougregationalists understand by \"credible profession\" the positive evidence of a religious experience which satisfies the official judges of the gracious state of the applicant. The Presbyterians understand by that phrase only an intelligent profession of true spiritual faith in Christ, which is not contra- dicted by the life. Dr. Candlish, in the \"Edinburgh Witness,\" June 8th, 1848, says, \"The principle (of communion), as it is notorious that the Presbyterian church has always held it, does not constitute the pastor, elders, or congregation, judges of the actual con- version of the applicant; but, on the contrary, lays much re- sponsibility upon the applicant himself The minister and kirk session must be satisfied as to his competent knowledge, cred- ible profession, and consistent walk. They must determine negatively that there is no reason for pronouncing him not to be a Christian, but they do not undertake the responsibility of p(3sitively judging of his conversion. This is the Presbyte- rian rule of discipline, be it right or wrong, differing materially from that of the Cougregationalists. In practice there is room for much dealing with the conscience under either rule, and persons destitute of knowledge and of a credible profession are excluded.\" AUTHOKITATIVE STATEMENTS OF ChURCH DoCTEINE. EOMISH DoCTEINE. — DOCTBINE OF THE EuCHAKIST BOTH AS A SaCKA- MENT AND AS A SaCBIFICE. ''Gone. Trident., \" Sess. 13, can. 1.— \"If any one deuieth, that, in the sacrament of the most holy Eucharist, are contained truly, really, and substantially, the hody and blood together with the soul and divinity of oiu- Lord Jesus Christ, and consequently the whole Christ ; but_ saith that he is only therein as in a sign, or in figure, or virttie; let him be anathema.\" AUTHORITATIVE STATEMENTS OF DOCTRINE. 647 Can. 2. — \"If aoy one saith, that, in tlie sacred and lioly sacrament of the Eucharist, the substance of the bread and wine remains conjointly with the body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, and denieth that wonderful and singular conversion of the whole substance of the bread into the body, and the whole substance of the wine into the blood — the si^ecies (accidents) of the bread and wine remaining — which conver- sion iudeed the Catholic Church most aptly calls Transubstantiation ; let him be anathema.\" Can. 3. — \"If any one denieth, that, in the venerable sacrament of the Eucharist, the whole Christ is contained under each species, and under every part of each species, when separation has been made; let him be anathema.\" Can. 4. — \"If any one saith, that, after the consecration has been completed, the body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ are not in the admirable sacrament of the Eucharist, but (are there) only during the use, whilst it is being taken, and not either before or after; and that in the host, or consecrated jjarticles, which are received or remain after communion, the true body remaineth not; let him be anathema.\" Can. 6. — \"If any one saith, that, in the holy sacrament of the Eucha- rist, Christ, the only begotten Sou of God, is not to be adored with the worship, even external, of latria; and is, consequently, neither to be venerated with special festive solemnity, nor to be solemnly borne about in processions, according to the laudable and universal rite and custom of holy church; or, is not to be exiJosed publicly to the people to be adored, and that the adorers thereof are idolaters; let him be anathema.\" Can. 7. — \"If any one shall say that it is not lawful for the sacred Eucharist to be reserved in the sacrtirium, but that immediately after consecration, it must necessarily be distributed amongst those present; or, that it is not lawful that it be carried with honor to the sick; let him be anathema.\" Can. 8. — \"If any one saith that Christ, given in the Eucharist, is eaten spiritually only, and not also sacramentally and really; let him be anathema.\" Can. 10. — \"If any one saith, that it is not lawful for the celebrating priest to communicate by himself; let him be anathema.\" Sess. 21, Can. 1. — \"If any one saith, that, by the precept of God, or by necessity of salvation, all and each of the faithful of Christ ought to receive both species of the most holy sacrament of the Eucharist; let him be anathema.\" Can. 2. — \"If any one saith that the holy Catholic Church was not induced, by just causes and reasons, to communicate under the species of bread only, laymen and also clerics when not consecrating; let him be anathema.\" Can. 3. — \" If any one denieth that Christ whole and entire — the foun- tain and author of all graces — is received under the one species of bread; because that — as some falsely assert — he is not received according to the institution of Christ himself under both sjjecies; let him be anathema.\" Sess. 22, Can. 1. — \"If any one saith, that in the mass, a true and proper sacrifice is not made to God; or, that to be otfered is nothing else but that Christ is given us to eat; let him be anathema.\" Can. 2. — \"If any one saith, that by those words. Do this for the com- memoration of me (Luke xxii. 19), Christ did not institute the apostles priests; or did not ordain that they and other priests should offer his own body and blood; let him be anathema.\" Can. 3. — \"If any one saith that the sacrifice of the mass is only a G48 THE LORD'S SUPPER. sacrifice of praise and of thanksgiving; or, that it is a bare commemora- tion of the sacrifice consummated on the cross, but not a propitiatoiy sacrifice; or, that it profits him only that receives; and that it ought not to be offered for the living and for the dead, for sins, i^ains, satisfactions, and other necessities; let him be anathema.\" Can. 8. — \"If any one saith, that masses, wherein the priest alone communicates sacrameutally, are unlawful , . let him be anathema.\" Chap. 2. — \"Forasmuch as in this divine sacrifice which is celebrated in the mass, that same Christ is contained and immolated in an unbloody manner, who once offered himself in a bloody manner on the altar of the cross . . . therefor, not only for the sins,' punishments, satisfactions, and other necessities of the faithful who are living, but also for those who are departed in Christ, and who are not as yet fully purified, is it rightly offered agreeably to a tradition of the apostles. \" Bellarmin, '■^ Controv. de Euchrir.\" y. 5.- — \"The sacrifice of the mass has not an efficacy ex opere o/ientto after the manner of a sacrament. The sacrifice does not operate efficiently and immediately, nor is it properly the instrument of God for making just. It does not make just imme- diately as baptism and absolution do, but it impetrates the gift of peni- tence, through which a sinner is made willing to api^roach the sacrament, and by this be justified. . . The sacrifice of the mass is the procurer not only of spiritual but also of temporal benefits, and therefore it can be offered for sins, for punishments, and for any other necessary uses. \" Lutheran Docteine. \"Aiu/shxrg Co/i/V.s.s-/o/t,\" Pars 1, Art. 10; \" Apol. A/ic/x. Co///.,\" p. 157 (Hase) ; '' Formuhi CitnconJui^'' Pars 1, ch. 7, | 1. — \"We believe, teach, and profess that in the Lord's Supper the body and blood of Christ are truly and substantially present, and that together with the bread and wine they are truly distributed and received, g 2. — The words of Christ (this is my body) are to be understood only in their strictly literal sense; so that neither the bread signifies the absent body of Christ, nor the wine the absent blood of Christ, but so that on account of the sacra- mental union the bread and wine truly are the body and blood of Christ. 'i 3. — As to what pertains to the consecration we believe, etc., that no human-act, nor any utterance of the minister of the church, is the cause of the presence of the body and blood of Christ in the Supj^er, but that this is to be attributed solely to the omnipotent power of our Lord Jesus Christ. I 5. — The grounds, however, on which, in this matter, we con- tend against the Sacramentarians, are these. . . Tlhe first ground is an article of our Christian faith, namely, Jesus Christ is true, essential, natural, perfect God and man, in unity of i^erson insei^arable and undi- vided. The second is that the right hand of God is everywhere; but there Christ has, truly and in very deed, been placed, in respect to his humanity, and therefoi-e being present he rules, and holds in his hands and under his feet all things which are in heaven and on earth. The Hard is that the word of God can not be false. The fourth is that God knows and has in his power various modes in which it is possible to be in a place (present), and he was not restricted to that single mode of presence which ijhilosophers have been accustomed to call local or cir- cumscribed. I 6. — We believe, etc., that the body and blood of Christ are received not only spiritually through faiih, but also by the mouth, not after a cai^ernaitish, but a suj)ernatural and celestial manner, by vii'tue of a sacramental union. . . | 7. — We believe, etc., that not only those who believe in Christ, and worthily approach the Lord's SupiJer, but also the unworthy and unbelievers receive the true body AUTHORITATIVE STATEMENTS OF DOCTRWE. G49 and blood of Christ, so that, however, they shall not thence derive either consolation or life, but rather that this receiving shall fall out to judg- ment to them, unless they be converted and exei'cise repentance.\" Doctrine of the Reformed Churches. \" Gdllic Cuiif.,'^ Ai't. 36. — -\"Although Christ is now in heaven, there also to remain till he shall come to judge the world, yet we believe that he, by the hidden and incomprehensible joower of his Spirit, nourishes and vivifies us with the substance of his body and blood, apj)rehended by faith.\" ^'■Scottish Conf.\" — \"And althovigh there is gTeat distance of place be- tween his now glorified body in heaven and us mortals now upon the earth, yet we nevertheless believe that the bread which we break is the communion of his body, alid the cup which we bless is the communion of his blood. . . So we confess that believers in the right use of the Lord's Supper do thus eat the body and di-ink the blood of Jesus Christ; and we surely believe that he remains in them and they in him, yea, so become flesh of his flesh and bone of his bones, that as the eternal divinity gives life and immortality to the flesh of Jesus Christ, so also, his flesh and blood, when eaten and di'unk by us, confer on us the same privileges.\" ''Behfic Gonf.;' Art. 35. Qdv'ia's ''Institutes;' Bk. iv., Ch. 17, g 10.— \"The sum is, that the flesh and blood of Christ feed our souls just as bread and wine maintain and support our corporeal life. . . But though it seems an incredible thing that the flesh and blood of Christ, while at such a distance from us in respect of place, should be food to us, let us remember how far the secret virtue of the Holy Si^mt surpasses all our conceptions, and how foolish it is to measure its immensity by our feeble capacity. Therefore what our mind does not comprehend, let faith conceive; viz., that the Sjiirit truly unites things separated by space. That sacred communion of flesh and blood whereby Christ transfuses his life into us, just as if it j)enetrated our bones and marrow, he testifies and seals iu his supjier, and that not by presenting a vain or empty sign, but by there exerting an efficacy of the Spirit by which he fulfils what he promises. And truly tlie thing there signified he exhibits and offers to all who sit down at that spiritual feast, although it is beneficially received by believers only.\" '■\"Thirty -nine Articles,\" Art. 28. — \"The Supj^er of the Lord is a sacra- ment of the redemption by Christ's death: insomuch that to such as rightly, worthily, and with faith receive the same, the bread which we break is a partaking of the body of Christ, and likewise the cup of bless- ing is a i^artaking of the blood of Christ. . . The body of Christ is given, taken, and eaten in the Supper only after an heavenly and spii-- itual manner. And the mean whereby the body of Christ is received and eaten in the Supper is faith. The sacrament of the Lord's Sup- per was not by Christ's ordinance reserved, carried about, lifted uji, or worshipjjed. \" \"Heidelberg Cat.,\" Ques. 76. — \"What is it to eat the crucified body of Christ and to drink his shed blood? It means, not only -ftdth thankful hearts to appropriate the passion of Christ, and thereby receive forgive- ness of sins and eternal life, but also and therein, through the Holy Gho.st who dwelleth in Christ and in us, to be more and more united to his blessed body, so that, although he is iu heaven, and we are upon earth, we nevertheless are flesh of his flesh, and bone of his bones, and live forever one spirit with him.\" 650 THE LORD'S SUFFER. \"West. Conf. Faith,\" Ch. 29, § 5.— \"The outward elements in this sacrament, duly set apart to the uses ordained by Christ, have such a relation to him crucified, as that truly, yet sacramentally only, they are sometimes called by the names of the things they i-epreseut, to wit, the body and blood of Christ, albeit in substance and nature they still remain truly and only bread and wine. ^ 7. — Worthy receivers, oiitwardly par- taking of the visible elements in this sacrament, do then also inwardly by faith, really and indeed, but not carnally and corporeally, but spir- itually receive and feed upon Christ crucified and all the benefits of his death : the body and blood of Christ being then not corporeally or car- nally in, with, or under the bread and wine; yet as really but spiritually present to the faith of believers in that ordinance, as the elements them- selves are to the outward senses.\" — See \" Consensus Tigurinus\" in Appendix. APPENDIX. THE CONSENSUS TIGURINUS AND THE FORMULA CONSENSUS HELVETICA. I. THE CONSENSUS TIGURINUS. WRITTEN BY CALVIN, 1549, FOR THE PURPOSE OF UNITING ALL BRANCHES OF THE REFORMED CHURCH IN A COMMON DOCTRINE AS TO THE LORd's SUPPER. HEADS OF CONSENT. TJie whole Spiritual regimen of the Church leads us to Christ. I. Since Christ is the end of the Law, and the knowledge of Him comprehends in itself the entire sum of the Gospel, there is no doubt but that the whole spiritual regimen of the Church is designed to lead us to Christ; as through Him alone we reach God, who is the ultimate end of a blessed (holy) life; and so whoever departs in the least from this truth will never speak rightly or fitly respecting any of the ordi- nances of God. A true Tcnowledge of the Sacraments from, a knowledge of Christ. n. Moreover since the Sacraments are auxiliaries (appendices) of the Gospel, he certainly will discuss both aptly and usefully their nature, theii* power, their office and their fruit, who weaves his discourse from Christ; not merely touching the name of Christ incidentally, but truth- fully holding forth the purj^ose for which He was given to us by the Father, and the benefits which He has conferred upon us. Knoivledge of Christ, what it involves. m. Accordingly it must be held, that Christ, being the eternal Son of God, of the same essence and glory with the Father, jDut on our flesh in order that, by right of adoption, He might communicate to us what by nature was solely His own, to wit, that we should be sons of God. This takes place when we, ingrafted through faith into the body of Christ, and this by the power of the Holy Spirit, are first justified by the gratuitous imputation of righteousness, and then regenerated into a new life, that, new-created in the image of the Heavenly Father, we may put off the old man. 652 APPENDIX. Christ, Priest and King. TV. We must therefore regard Christ in His flesh as a Priest, who has expiated our sins by His death, the only Sacritice, blotted out all our iniquities by His obedieuce, procured for us a perfect righteousness, and now intercedes for us that we may have access to God; as an expia- tory Sacrifice whereby God was reconciled to the world; as a Brut Iter, who from wretched sons of Adam has made us blessed sons of God; as a Restorer (Reparator) , who by the power of His Spirit transforms all that is corrupt [i-iliosum) in us, that we may no longer live unto the world and the flesh, and God himself may Live in us; as a King, who enriches us with every kind of good, governs and preserves us by His power, establishes us \"\\\\'ith spiritual arms, delivers us from every evil, and re- strains and directs us by the sceptre of His mouth; and He is to be so regarded, that He may lift us up to Himself, very God, and to the Father, until that shall be fulfilled which is to be at last, that God be all in ail. How Christ communicates Himself to us. V. Moreover in order that Christ may manifest Himself such a one to us and produce such effects in us, it behooves us to be made one with Him and grow together in His body. For He diifuses His life in us in no other way than by being our Head; \"from whom the whole body fitly joined together, and compacted by that which every joint supplieth, according to the eftectual working in the measure of every part, maketh increase of the body \" (Eph. iv. 16). Communion spiritual. Sacraments instituted. VI. This communion which we have with the Son of God, is spiritual; so that He, dAvelling in us by His Spirit, makes all of us who believe partakers of all the good that resides in Him. To bear witness of this, both the preaching of the Gospel and the use of the Sacraments, Holy Baptism and the Holy Supper were instituted. The Ends of the Sacraments. VII. The Sacraments, however, have also these ends: — to be marks and tokens of Christian profession and (Christian) association, or broth- erhood; to incite gratitude (thanksgiving), and to be exercises of faith and a jjious life, in short, bonds (sealed contracts) making these thmgs obligatory. But among other ends this one is chief, that by these Sacraments God attests, presents anew, and seals to ns His grace. For while they indeed signify nothing more than is declared in the word it- self, yet it is no small matter that they are presented to our eyes as lively symbols which better affect our feeling, leading us to the reality [in rem), while they recall to memory Christ's death and all the benefits thereof, in order that faith may have more vigorous exercise; and finally, it is of < no little moment that what was proclaimed to us by the mouth of God, is confirmed and sanctioned by seals. Thanksgiving. VIII. Moreover, since the testimonials and seals of His grace, which the Lord has given us, are verities, surely He himself will beyond all doubt make good to us inwardly, by His Spirit, what the Sacraments symbohze to our eyes and other senses, viz., possession of Christ as the CONSENSUS TIGURINUS. 653 fountain of all blessings, then reconciliation to Gocl by virtiTe of His death, restoration by the Spirit unto holiness of life, and finally attain- ment of righteousness and salvation; accompanied with thanksgiving for these mercies, which were formerly displayed on the cross, and through faith are daily received by us. 77^6 signs and the things signified are not separated, but distinct. IX. Wherefore, though we rightly make a distinction between the signs and the things signified, yet we do not separate the verity from the signs ; but we believe, that all who by faith embrace the jiromises therein oflfered, do spiritually receive Christ and His spiritual gifts, and so also they who have before been made jjartakers of Christ, do continue and renew their communion. Ill the Sacraments the promise is chiefly to he Tcept in view. X. For not to the bare signs, but rather to the i^romise which is annexed to them, it becomes us to look. As far then as our faith ad- vances in the j^romise offered in the Sacraments, so far will this power and efficacy of which we speak exert itself. Accordingly the matter [materia) of the water, bread or wine, by no means present Christ to us, nor makes us partakers of His spii'itual gifts; but we must look rather to the promise, whose office it is to lead us to Christ by the right way of faith, and this faith makes us partakers of Christ. Tlie Eleinents are not to be siipersiitiously worshipped. XI. Hence the error of those who superstitiously worship {obstxpe- scirni) the elements, and rest therein the assurance of their salvation, falls to the ground. For the Sacraments apart from Christ are nothing but emijty masks; and they themselves clearly declare to all this truth, that we must cKng to nothing else but Christ alone, and in nothing else must the free gift of salvation be sought. The Sacraments {per se) have no efficacy. XII. Furthermore, if any benefit is conferred upon us by the Sacra- ments, this does not proceed from any virtue of their own, even though the promise whereby they are distinguished be included. For it is God alone who works by His Spirit. And in using the instrumentality of the Sacraments, He thereby neither infuses into them His own power, nor abates in the least the efficiency of His Spirit; but in accordance with the capacity of our ignorance [ruditas) He uses them as instriiments in siich a way that the whole efficiency [facultas ageiidi) remains solely with HimseK. God uses the instrument but in such a loay that all the poioer [virtus) is His. Xiii. Therefore, as Paul advises us that \"neither is he that planteth any thing, neither he that watereth, but God that giveth the increase \" (1 Cor. iii. 7) ; so also it may be said of the Sacraments, that they are nothing, for they will be of no avail except God work the whole to com- pletion [in solii/um omnia etficint). They are indeed instruments with which God works efficiently, when it pleases Him, but in such a manner that the whole work of our salvation must be credited solely to Him. XIV. We have therefore decided that it is solely Christ who verily bai^tizes us within, who makes us partakers of Him in the Supper, who, 654 APPENDIX. in fine, fulfils what the Sacraments symbolize, and so uses indeed, these instruments, that the whole efficiency resides in His Spirit. How the Sacraments confirm. XV. So the Sacraments are sometimes called seals, are said to nour- ish, confirm, and promote faith; and yet the Spirit alone is properly the seal, and the same Spirit is the originator and perfecter of our faith. For all these attributes of the Sacraments occupy a subordinate place, so that not even the least portion of the work of our salvation is trans- ferred from its sole author to either the creature or the elements. Not all who jyarticipnte in the Sacraments partake also of the verity. XVI. Moreover, we sedulously teach that God does not exert His power promiscuously in all who receive the Sacraments, but only in the elect. For just as he enlightens unto faith none but those whom He has foreordained unto life, so by the hidden power of His spirit He causes only the elect to receive what the Sacraments offer. The Sacraments do not confer grace. XVII. This doctrine refutes that invention of sophists which teaches that the Sacraments of the New Covenant confer grace on all who do not interpose the impediment of a mortal sin. For besides the truth that nothing is received in the Sacraments except by faith, it is also to be held that God's grace is not in the least so linked to the Sacraments themselves that whoever has the sign possesses also the reality {res) ; for the signs are administered to the re^srobate as well as to the elect, but the verity of the signs comes only to the latter. GocVs gifts are offered to all; believers alone receive them,. XVHI. It is indeed certain that Christ and His gifts [dona) are offered to all alike, and that the verity of God is not so impaired by the unbelief of men that the Sacraments do not always retain their proper virtue {vim); but all persons are not capable of receiving Christ and His gifts (dona). Therefore on God's part there is no vai'iableness, but on the part of men each one receives according to the measure of his faith. Believers have communion with Christ, before and loitlwut the nse of the Sacraments. XIX. Moreover, as the use of the Sacraments confers on unbelievers nothing more than if they had abstained therefrom, indeed, is only per- nicious to them ; so without their use the verity which they symbolize endures to those who believe. Thus in Baptism were washed away Paul's sins, which had already been washed away before. Thus also BaiJtism was to Cornelius the washing of regeneration, and yet he had already received the gift of the Holy Spirit. So in the Supi^er Christ communicates himself to us, and yet He imparted himself to us before, and abides continually in us forever. For since each one is commanded to examine himself, it hence follows that faith is required of each before he comes to the Sa(^raments. And yet there is no faith without Christ; but in so far as in the Sacraments faith is confirmed and grows, God's gifts are confirmed in us, and so in a measure Christ grows in us and we in Him. CONSENSUS TIGURINUS. 655 Grace is not so joined to the act of the Sacraments, that their fruit is received immediately after the act. XX. The benefit also which we derive from the Sacraments should by no means be restricted to the time in which they are administered to us; just as if the visible sign when brought forward into view, did at the same moment with itself bring God's grace. For those who are baptized in early infancy, God regenerates in boyhood, in budding youth, and sometimes even in old age. So the benefit of Baptism lies oiien to the whole course of life; for the promise which it contains is i^erpetually valid. It may, also, sometimes happen, that a partaking of the Supper, which in the act itself brought us little good because of our inconsider- ateness or dullness, afterward brings forth its fruit. Local imagination should be suppressed. XXI. Especially should every conception of local (bodily) presence be suppressed. For while the signs are here in the world seen by the eyes, and felt by the hands, Christ, in so far as He is man, we must con- template as in no other place but heaven, and seek Him in no other way than with the mind and faith's understanding. Wherefore it is a pre- posterous and impious superstition to enclose Him under elements of this world. Exposition of the words of the Lord's Supper, \" Tliis is my body.\" XXn. We therefore repudiate as absurd interpreters, those who urge the precise literal sense, as they say, of the customary words in the Supper, \"This is my body,\" \"This is my blood.\" For we place it be- yond all controversy that these words are to be understood figuratively, so that the bread and the wine are said to be that which they signify. And verily it ought not to seem novel or unusual that the name of the thing signified be transferred by metonomy to the sign, for expressions of this kind are scattered throughout the Scriptures; and saying this we assert nothing that does not ijlainly appear in all the oldest and most approved writers of the Church. Concerning the eating of the body of Christ. XXm. Moreover, that Christ, through faith by the j)ower of His Holy Spirit, feeds our souls with the eating of His flesh and the drinking of His blood, is not to be understood as if any commingling or transfu- sion of substance occurred, but as meaning that from flesh once oiiered in sacrifice and blood once poured out in expiation we derive life. Against Transubstantiation and other silly conceits. XXTV. In this way not only is the invention of Papists about tran- siibstantiation refuted, but also all the gross fictions and futile subtleties which are either derogatory to His divine gloiy or inconsistent with the verity of His human nature. For we consider it no less absurd to locate Christ under the bread, or conjoin Him with the bread, than to transub- stantiate the bread into His body. Christ's body is in heaven as in a place. '**'^ XXV. But in order that no ambiguity may remain, when we say that Christ should be contemplated as in heaven, the phrase implies and ex- presses a difference of place (a distance between places). For though, G56 APPENDIX. philosophically speaking, \"above the heavens\" is not a locality, yet because the body of Christ — as the nature and the limitation of the human body show — is finite, and is contained in heaven as in a place, it is therefore necessarily separated from us by as great an interval as lies between heaven and earth. Christ is not to be ^i^orsliipped in the bread. XXVI. But if it is not right for us in imagination to affix Christ to the bread and wine, much less is it lawful to worship Him in the bread. For though the bread is presented to us as a symbol Snd pledge of our communion with Christ, yet because it is the sign, not the reality, neither has the reality enclosed in it or affixed to it, they therefore who bend their minds upon it to worship Christ, make it an idol. II. FORMULA CONSENSUS HELVETICA. COMPOSED AT ZURICH, A. D. 1675, BY JOHN HENRY HEIDEGGER, OF ZURICH, ASSISTED BY FRANCIS TURRETINE, OF GENEVA, AND LUKE GERNLER, OF BASLE, AND DESIGNED TO CONDEMN AND EXCLUDE THAT MODIFIED FORM OF CALVINISM, WHICH, IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY, EMA- NATED FROM THE THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL AT SAUMUR, REPRESENTED BYAMYRAULT, PLAC^US, AND DAILLE ; ENTITLED \"FORM OF AGREEMENT OF THE HELVETIC REFORMED CHURCHES RESPECTING THE DOCTRINE OP UNIVERSAL GRACE, THE DOCTRINES CONNECTED THEREWITH, AND SOME OTHER POINTS.\" CANONS. I. God, the Supreme Judge, not only took care to have His word, which is the \" power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth \" ^Kom. i. 16), committed to writing by Moses, the Prophets, and the Apostles, but has also watched and cherished it with j^aternal care ever since it was written up to the present time, so that it could not be cor- rupted by craft of Satan or fraud of man. Therefore the Church justly ascribes it to His singular grace and goodness that she has, and will have to the end of the world, a \" sure word of prophecy \" and \" Holy Script- ures\" (2 Tim. iii. 15), from which, though heaven and earth perish, \"one jot or one tittle shall in no Avise pass \" (Matt. v. 18). II. But, in particular, the Hebrew Original of the Old Testament, which we have received and to this day do retain as handed down by the Jewish Church, unto whom formerly \"were committed the oracles of God \" (Rom. iii. 2), is, not only in its consonants, but in its vowels — either the vowel points themselves, or at least the power of the points — not only in its matter, but in its words, inspired of God, thus foi-ming, FORMULA CONSENSUS HELVETICA. 657 together witli tlie Original of the New Testament, the sole and complete rule of our faith and life; and to its standard, as to a Lydian stone, all extant versions, oriental and occidental, ought to be apj)lied, and where- ever they differ, be conformed. III. Therefore we can by no means approve the opinion of those who declare that the text which the Hebrew Original exhibits was deter- mined by man's -will alone, and do not scruple at all to remodel a Hebrew reading which they consider unsuitable, and amend it from the Greek Versions of the LXX and others, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Chaldee Targums, or even from other sources, yea, sometimes from their own reason alone; and furthermore, they do not acknowledge any other read- ing to be genuine except that which can be educed by the critical power of the human judgment from the collation of editions with each other and with the various readings of the Hebrew Original itself — which, they maintain, has been corrupted in various ways; and finally, they affirm that besides the Hebrew edition of the present time, there are in the Versions of the ancient interjareters which differ from our Hebrew con- text other Hebrew Originals, since these Versions are also indicative of ancient Hebrew Originals differing from each other. Thus they bring the foundation of our faith and its in\\dolable authority into perilous hazard. IV. Before the foundation of the world God purposed in Christ Jesus, our Lord, an eternal purpose (Eph. iii. 11), in which, from the mere good pleasure of His own will, without any prevision of the merit of works or of faith, unto the praise of His glorious grace, out of the hiiman race lying in the same mass of corruption and of common blood, and, there- fore, corrupted by sin, He elected n certain and definite nnmher to be led, in time, unto salvation by Christ, their Surety and sole Mediator, and on account of His merit, by the mighty power of the regenerating Holy Spirit, to be effectually called, regenerated, and gifted with faith and repentance. So, indeed, God, determining to illustrate His glory, de- creed to create man perfect, in the first place, then, permit him to fall, and at length pity some of the fallen, and therefore elect those, but leave the rest in the corrupt mass, and finally give them over to eternal destruction. V. In that gi-acious decree of Divine Election, moreover, Christ him- self is also included, not as the meritorious cause, or foundation anterior to Election itself, but as being Himself also elect (1 Peter ii. 4, 6), fore- known before the foundation of the world, and accordingly, as the first requisite of the execution of the decree of Election, chosen Mediator, and our first born Brother, whose precious merit God determined to use for the purpose of conferring, without detriment to His own justice, salva- tion upon us. For the Holy Scriptiires not only declare that Election was made according to the mere good pleasure of the Divine counsel and will (Eph. i. 5, 9; Matt. xi. 26), but also make the appointment and giv- ing of Christ, our Mediator, to proceed from the strenuous love of God the Father toward tbe world of the elect. VI. Wherefore we can not give suffrage to the opinion of those who teach: — (1) that God, moved by philanthropy, or a sort of special love for the fallen human race, to previouii election, did, in a kind of condi- tioned willing — willingness — first moving of pity, as they call it — ineffi- cacious desire — jjurpose the salvation of all and each, at least, condition- ally, i. e., if they would believe; (2) that He appointed Christ Mediator for all and each of the fallen; and (3) that, at length, certain ones whom He regarded, not simply as sinners in the first Adam, but as redeemed 42 658 APPENDIX. in tlie second Adam, He elected, i. e., He determined to graciously be- stow on these, in time, the saving gift of faith; and in this sole act Elec- tion properly so called is complete. For these and all other kindred teachings are in no wise insignificant deviations from the form of sound words respecting Divine Election; because the Scriptures do not extend unto all and each God's purpose of showing mercy to man, but restrict it to the elect alone, the reprobate being excluded, even by name, as Esau, whom God hated with an eternal hatred (Rom. ix. 10-13). The same Holy Scrij^tures testify that the counsel and the will of God change not, but stand immovable, and God in the heavens doeth whatsoever he will (Ps. cxv. 3; Isa. xlvi. 10); for God is infinitely removed from all that human imperfection which characterizes inefficacious affections and de- sires, rashness, repentance, and change of purpose. The appointment, also, of Christ, as Mediator, equally with the salvation of those who were given to Him for a possession and an inheritance that can not be taken aAvay, proceeds from one and the same Election, and does not underly Election as its foundation. VII. As all His works were known unto God from eternity (Acts xv. 18), so in time, according to His infinite poAver, wisdom, and goodness, He made man, the glory and end of His works, in His own image, and, therefore, upright, wine, and just. Him, thus constituted. He put under the Covenant of Works, and in this Covenant freely promised him com- munion with God, favor, and life, if indeed he acted in obedience to His will. VIII. Moreover that promise annexed to the Covenant of Works was not a continuation only of earthly life and happiness, but the possession especially of life eternal and celestial, a life, namely, of both body and soul in heaven — if indeed man ran the course of perfect obedience — with unspeakable joy in communion with God. Eor not only did the Tree of Life prefigure this very thing unto Adam, but the power of the law, wliich, being fulfilled by Christ, who went tinder it in our stead, awards to us no other than celestial life in Christ who kept the righteousness of the law (Rom. ii. 26), manifestly proves the same, as also the opposite threatening of death Ijoth temporal and eternal. IX. Wherefore we can not assent to the opinion of those who deny that a reward of lieavenly bliss was proifered to Adam on condition of obedience to God, and do not admit that the promise of the Covenant of Works was any thing more than a promise of peri^etual life abound- ing in every kind of good that can be suited to the body and soul of man in a state of perfect nature, and the enjoyment thereof in an eartldy Paradise. For this also is contrary to the sound sense of the Divine Word, and weakens the power [potestas) of the law in itself considered. X. As, however, God entered into the Covenant of Works not only ■with Adam for himself, but also, in him as the head and root [sfirps), with the whole human race, who would, by virtue of, the blessing of the nature derived from him, inherit also the same perfection, provided he continued therein; so Adam by his mournful fall, not only for himself, but also for the whole human race that would be born of bloods and the will of the flesh, sinned and lost the benefits promised in the Covenant. We hold, therefore, that the sin of Adam is imputed by the mysterious and just judgment of God to all his posterity. For the Apostle testifies that ui Addni all sinned, by one man's disobedience VKtuy were made sinners (Rom. V. 12, 19), and in Adam all die (1 Cor. xv. 21, 22). But there appears no way in which here(.litary conniption could fall, as a sj)iritual FORMULA CONSENSUS HELVETICA. 659 death, upon the whole human race by the just judgment of God, unless some sin [delictum) of that race preceded, incurring {iitducens) the penalty [reatum, guilt) of that death. For God, the supremely just Judge of all the eai'th, punishes none bat the guilty. XL For a double reason, therefore, man, because of sin [pnttt ppccatnm) is by nature, and hence from his birth, before committing any actual sin, exposed to God's wrath and curse ; first, on account of the transgression and disobedience which he committed in the loins of Adam; and, sec- ondly, on account of the consequent hereditary coi-ruptiou implanted in his very conception, whereby his whole nature is depraved and spir- itually dead; so that original sin may rightly be regarded as twofold, viz., impided sill and iiiliereai liereditnri/ sia. XII. Accordingly we can not, without harm to Divine truth, give assent to those who deny that Adam represented his posterity by appoint- ment of God, and that his sin is imputed, therefore, hnviedidleli/ to his posterity; and under the term impufntinn medtdle and confte(p(pid not only destroy the imputation of the tirst sin, but also expose the doctrine [assertin) of hereditary corruption to great danger. XIII. As Christ was from eternity elected the Head, Prince, and Lord [Hfpres) of all who, in time, are saved by His grace, so also, in time, He was made Surety of the New Covenant only for those who, by the eternal Election, were given to Him as His own people (popnlas pecidii), His seed and inheritance. For according to the determinate counsel of the Father and His own intention. He encountered dreadful death instead of the elect alone, restored only these into the bosom of the Father's grace, and these only he reconciled to God, the offended Father, and delivered from the curse of the law. For our Jesus saves His people ivom their sins (Matt. i. 21), who gave His life a ransom for 7naat/ sheep (Matt. xx. 28; John x. 15), His own, who hear His voice (John X. 27, 28), and for these only He also intercedes, as a divinely appointed Priest, and not for the world (John xvii. 9). Accordingly in the death of Christ, only tlie elect, who in time are made new creatures (2 Cor. v. 17), and for whom Christ in His death was substituted as an expiatory sacrifice, are regarded as having died with Him and as being justified from sin; and thus, with the counsel of the Father who gave to Christ none but the elect to be redeemed, and also with the working of the Holy Spirit, who sanctifies and seals unto a living hoj)e of eternal life none but the elect, the Avill of Christ who died so agrees and ami- cably conspires in perfect harmony, that the sphere of the Father's election {Patris elif/entis), the Son's redemption [FUii redimerdis), and the Spirit's sanctification [Spiribis S. sdiidifivHidis) is one and the same [(cqwdis pateat). XIV. This very thing further appears in this also, that Christ merited for those in whose stead He died the means of snlv<(lion, especially the regenerating Spirit and the heavenly gift of fai<:h, as well as salvation itself, and actually confers these upon them. For the Scriptures testify that Chi'ist, the Lord, came U> sure die lost sheep of die house of Israel (Matt. XV. 24), and sends the same Holy Spirit, the fount of regenera- tion, as His own (John xvi. 7, 8) ; that among the better in-omises of the New Covenant of which He was made Mediator and Surety this one is pre-eminent, that He null irrite His law, i. e., the law of faith, in the hearts of his people (Heb. viii. 10); that whatsoever the Father has given to Christ will come to Him, by faith, surely; and finally, that we are chof^en in Christ to be holy and without blame, and, moreover, children hi/ Him (Eph. i. 4, 5); but our being holy and children of God proceeds only from faith and the Spirit of regeneration. 660 APPENDIX. XV. But hy the obedience of his death Christ instead of the elect so satisfied God the Father, that in the estimate, nevertheless, of His vica- rious righteousness and of that obedience, all of that Avhich He rendered to the law, as its just servant, during the whole course of His life, whether by doing or by suflering, ought to be called obedience. For Christ's Hfe, according to the Aj)ostle's testimony (Philip, ii. 7, 8), was nothing but a continuous emptying of self, submission and humiUatiou, descending step by step to the very lowest extreme, even the death of the Cross; and the Spirit of God plainly declares that Christ in our stead satisfied the law and Divine justice by His most holy life, and makes that ransom with which God has redeemed us to consist not in His suft'erings only, but in His whole life conformed to the law. The Spirit, however, ascribes our redemj^tion to the death, or the blood, of Christ, in no other sense than that it was consummated by sufferings; and from that last terminating and grandest act derives a name [denomirKdlnnpm facit) indeed, but in such a way as by no means to separate the life preceding from His death. XVI. Since all these things are entirely so, surely we can not approve the contrary doctrine of those who affirm that of His own intention, by His own counsel and that of the Father who sent Him, Christ died for all and each upon the impossible condition, provided they believe; that He obtained for all a salvation, which, nevertheless, is not ai3plied to all, and by His death merited salvation and faith for no one individually and certainly [proprie et adu), but only removed the obstacle of Divine justice, and acquired for the Father the liberty of entering into a new covenant of grace with all men; and finally, they so sejaarate the active and passive righteousness of Christ, as to assert that He claims His nctive righteoi;s- ness for himself as His own, but gives and imj^utes only His passive righteousness to the elect. All these opinions, and aU that are like these, are contrary to the plain Scriptures and the glory of Christ, who is Author and Fodslier oi our faith and salvation; they make His cross of none effect, and under the appearance of augmenting His merit, they reaUy diminish it. XVII. The call unto salvation was suited to its due time (1 Tim. ii. 6) ; since by God's will it was at one time more restricted, at another, more extended and general, but never absolutely universal. For, indeed, in the Old Testament God showed His u'ord unto Jacob, His statutes and His judfimeuts unto Israel ; He dealt not so with any nation (Ps. cxlvii. 19, 20). In the New Testament, ])eace being made in the blood of Christ and the inner wall of jjartition broken down, God so extended the limits [pomoeria) of Gospel preaching and the external call, that there is no longer any difference betu-een the Jew and die Greek ; for the same Lord over all is rich unto all that call vpon Him (Ptom. x. 12). But not even thus is the call universal; for Christ testifies that many are called (Matt. xx. 16), not all; and when Paul and Timothy essayed to go into Bithynia to preach the Gospel, the Spirit suffered them not (Acts xvi. 7); and there have ))een and there are to-day, as exjierience testifies, innumerable myriads of men to whom Christ is not known even by rumor. \" XVIIT. Meanwhile God left not himself icidtout vilncss (Acts xiv. 17) unto those whom He refused to call by His \"Word unto salvation. For He divided unto them the spectacle of the heavens and the stars (Deut. iv. 19), and that which may be known of God, even from the works of nature and Providence, He hath showed nnto them (Rom. i. 19), for the pui-jiose of attesting His long sufi\"eri]iig. Yet it is not to be affirmed that the works of nature and Divine Providence were means {organa), suffi- FORMULA CONSENSUS HELVETICA. 661 cient of themselves and fulfilling the function of the external call, where- by He Avould reveal unto them the mystery of the good pleasure or mercy of God in Christ. For the Apostle immediately adds (Rom. i. 20), \"The invisible things of Him from the creation are clearly seen, being under- stood by the things that are made, even His eter mil power and Godhead;'''' not His hidden good pleasure in Christ, and not even to the end that thence they might learn the mystery of salvation through Christ, but that they might be wilhoid excuse, because they did not use aright the knowledge that was left them, but when they knew God, they glorified Him not as God, neither were thankful. Wherefore also Christ glorifies God, His Father, because He had hidden these things from the wise and the pru- dent, and revealed them unto b(d)es (Matt. xi. 25); and the Apostle teaches, moreover, that God has made known unto us the mystery of His will according to His good pleasure which He hath purposed in Himself [in Christo), (Eph. i. 9). XIX. Likewise the external call itself, which is made by the i^reach- ing of the Gospel, is on the part of God also, who calls, earnest and sin- cere. For in His Word He unfolds earnestly and most truly, not, indeed. His secret intention respecting the salvation or destruction of each indi- vidual, but what belongs to our duty, and what remains for lis if we do or neglect this duty. Clearly it is the will of God who calls, that they who are called come to Him and not neglect so great salvation, and so He promises eternal life also in good earnest, to those who come to Him by faith; for, as the Apostle declares, \"it is a faithful saying: — For if we be dead with Him, we shall also live with Him; if we suifer, we shall also reign mth Him; if we deny Him, He also will deny us; if we believe not, yet He abideth faithful; He can not deny Himself.\" Nor in regard to those who do not obey the call is this will inefficacious; for God always attains that which He intends in His will (quod rolens inlendit), even the demonstration of duty, and following this, either the salvation of the elect who do their duty, or the inexcusableness of the rest who neglect the duty set before them. Surely the spiritual man in no way secures [conciliat) the internal jjurpose of God to produce faith {conceptum Dei internum, fidei analogum) along with the externally proifered, or written Word of God. Moreover, because God api^roved every verity which flows from His counsel, therefore it is rightly said to be His will, that all who see the Son and believe on Him inay have everlasting life (John vi. 40). Although these \" all \" are the elect alone, and God formed no i^lan of universal salvation without any selection of persons, and Christ there- fore died not for every one but for the elect only who were given tb Him; yet He intends this in any case to be universally true, which follows from His special and definite purpose. But that, by God's will, the elect alone believe in the external call thus universally profi'ered, while the repro- bate are hardened, proceeds solely from the discriminating grace of God: election by the same grace to them that believe; but their own native wickedness to the reprobate who remain in sin, and after their hard- ness and impenitent heart treasure up unto themselves wrath against the day of wrath, and revelation of the righteous judgment of God (Rom. ii. 5). XX. Accordingly we have no doubt that they err who hold that the call unto salvation is disclosed not by the i)reaching of the Gos]pel solely, but even by the works of nature and Providence without any further proclamation; adding, that the call unto salvation is so indefinite and universal that there is no mortal who is not, at least objectively, as they say, sufl&ciently called either med'tately, namely, in that God will further 662 APPENDIX. bestow the light of grace on hina who rightly uses the light of nature, or immedudfh/, unto Christ and salvation; and finally denying that the ex- ternal call can be said to be serious and true, or the candor and sincerity of God be defended, without asserting the absolute universality of grace. For such doctrines are contrary to the Holy Scrijitures and the experi- ence of all ages, and manifestly confound nature with grace, that wliich may be known of God with His hidden wisdom, the light of reason, in fine, with the light of Divine Revelation. XXI. They who are called unto salvation through the preaching of the Gospel can neither believe nor obey the call, unless they are raised up out of spiritual death by that vei*y power whereby God commanded the light to shine out of darkness, and God shines into their hearts with the soul-swaying grace of His Spirit, to give tlie liyht of the knoidedge of the glory of God hi thefice of Jesus Christ (2 Cor. iv. 6). For the natural man receiveth not tli.e tilings of the Spirit of God; for theii are foolishness unto him: neither can lie know them, because they are spiritually discerned (1 Cor. ii. 14) ; and this utter inability the Scripture demonstrates by so many direct testimonies and under so many emblems that scarcely in any other point is it surer [locupletior). This inability may, indeed, be called moral even in so far as it jjertains to a moral subject or object; but it ought at the same time to be also called natural, inasmuch as man by nature, and so by the law of his formation in the womb, and hence from his birth, is the child of disobedience (Eph. ii. 2); and has that inability so innate (con- genitam) that it can be shaken off in no way except by the omnipotent heart-turning grace of the Holy Sjjirit. XXII. We hold therefore that they sj^eak with too little accuracy and not without danger, who call this inability to believe moral inability, and do not hold it to be n<dural, adding that man in whatever condition he may be placed is able to believe if he will, and that faith in some way or other, indeed, is self-originated ; and yet the Apostle most distinctly calls it the gift of God (Eph. ii. 8). XXIII. There are two ways in which God, the just Judge, has jjrom- ised justification : either by one's own works or deeds in the law ; or by the obedience or righteousness of another, even of Christ our Surety, imputed by grace to him that believes in the Gospel. The former is the method of justifying man perfect ; but the latter, of justifying man a sinner and corrupt. In accordance with these two ways of justification the Scripture establishes two covenants: the Covenant of AVorks, entered into with Adam and A^-ith each one of his descendants in him, but made void by sin; and the Covenant of Grace, made with only the elect in Christ, the second Adam, eternal, and liable to no abrogation, as the former. XXIV. But this later Covenant of Grace according to the diversity of times had also diflerent dispensations. For when the Apostle speaks of the dispensation of the fulness of times, i. e. , the administration of the last time, he very clearly indicates that there had been another dispensa- tion and administration for the times which the TtpoOfu/iiai' (Gal. iv. 2), or appointed time. Yet in each dispensation of the Covenant of Grace the elect have not been saved in any other way than by the Ani/el at' his presence (Is. Ixiii. 9), the Lavd) slain from, tli.e foundation of the world (Rev. xiii. 8), Christ Jesus, through the knowledge of that just Servant and faith in Him and in the Father and His Spirit. For Christ is the same yf'sterday, to-day, ami forever (Heb. xiii. 8); and by His grace we believe that we are saved {servari) in the same manner as the Fathers also were saved {salvati sunt), and in both Testaments these statutes remain im- FORMULA CONSENSUS HELVETICA. 663 mutable: \"Blessed are all they that put their trust in Him,\" the Sou (Ps. ii. 12); \"He that believeth in Him is not condemned, but he that believeth not is condemned already\" (John iii. 18); \"Ye believe in God,\" even the Father, \"believe also in me \" (John xiv. 1). But if, moreover, the sainted Fathers believed in Christ as their Goel, it follows that they also believed in the Holy Spii'it, without whom no one can call Jesus Lord. Truly so many are the clearest exhibitions of this faith of the Fathers and of the necessity thereof in either Covenant, that they can not escape any one unless he wills it. But though this saving knowledge of Christ and the Holy Trinity was necessarily derived, according to the dispensation of that time, both from the promise and from shadows and figures and enigmas, with greater difficulty (operoslufi) than now in the New Testament; yet it was a true knowledge, and, in jjroportion to the measure of Divine Eevelation, was sufiicient to procure for the elect, by help of God's grace, salvation and jieace of conscience. XXV. We disapprove therefore of the doctrine of those who fabricate for us three Covenants, the Natural, the Legal, and the Gospel Covenant, dilferent in their whole nature and pith; and in explaining these and assigning their difi\"erences, so intricately entangle themselves that they obscure not a little, or even impair, the nucleus of solid trutli and piety; nor do they hesitate at all, with regard to the necessity, under the Old Testament dispensation, of knowledge of Christ and faith in Him and His satisfaction and in the whole sacred Trinity, to theologize much too loosely and not without danger. XXVI. Finally, both unto us, to whom in the Church, which is God's house, has been entrusted the dispensation for the present, and unto all our Nazarenes, and unto those who under the will and direction of God will at any time succeed us in our charge, in order to prevent the fearful enkindling of dissensions with which the Church of God in different places is disturbed [infesiatur) in terrible ways, we earnestly wish {volumus, will) this to be a law: — That in this corruption of the world, with the Apostle of the Gentiles as our faithful monitor, tve all keep faithfulhi thai which is committed to our trust, avoiding profane and vain babblings (1 Tim. vi. 20) ; and religiously guard the purity and simplicity of that knowledge which is according to piety, constantly cHnging to that beautiful pair, Charity and Faith, unstained. Moreover, in order that no one may be induced to projaose either publicly or privately some doubtful or new dogma of faith hitherto un- heard of in our churches, and contrary to God's Word, to our Helvetic Confession, our Symbolical Books, and to the Canons of the Synod of Dort, and not proved and sanctioned in a public assembly of brothers according to the Word of God, let it also be a law: — That we not only hand down sincerely in accordance with the Divine Word, the especial necessity of the sanctiflcation of the Lord's Day, but also impressively inculcate it and importunately urge its observation; and, in fine, that in our churches and schools, as often as occasion demands, we unanimously and faithfully hold, teach, and assert the truth of the Canons herein recorded, truth deduced from the indubitable Word of God. The very God of peace in truth sanctify us wholly, and preserve our whole spirit and soul and body blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ ! to whom, with the Father and the Holy Spiiit be eternal honor, praise and glory. Aimen ! INDEX. ABELARD, 422 ABILITY and Liberty distinguished, 339 ABSOLUTE, The, 130, 132, 133, 134 ADOPTION, 515-519 The word defined, 515, 516 The \"Ordo Salutis\" stated, 517, 518 Benefits of, 519 ADVENT, Second. (See Second Ad- vent. ) .ESTHETICS, 19 AGRICOLA, John, 404 A INS WORTH, 588 ALEXANDER, Dr. A., 61, 286, 379 ALEXANDER, Dr. J. A., 22, 28, 181, 182 ALEXANDER, Dr. Lindsay W., 633 ALOQL 196, 197 AMBROSE, 94 AMESIUS, 356, 516 AMYRANT, 231 ANGELS, 249-257 Their nature, characters, titles, offi- ces, orders, and power, 249-251 Archangel, 251 Their bodies, 252 Romish doctrine of worship of, 253 Guardian, 254 Evil, 254-256 Personality of Satan, 254 Deroouiacal possession, 256, 257 ANNIHILA TIONISM, 313 During Intermediate State, 554. 555 After final Judgment, 583 ANSELM, 46, 421, 423 ANTHROPOLOGY, 23, 101, 106, 108, 109, 280 Of Greek Church, 94 ANTHROPOMORPHISM, good and bad sense of, 131, 132 Scripture Passages explained, 132 ANTINOMIANISM. 404, 405, 526 ANTI-THEISTIC Theories, 46-52 APOLLINARIAN Heresies, 386 APOLLINARIS, 386 APOLOGETICS, 19 APOLOGY for Augsburg Conf., 123, 355, 480, 513, 540, 546, 590, 601, 628, 629 APOLOG Y for Conf. of Remonstrants, 337, 447, 456 APOSTLES' CREED. (See Creeds.) APOSTLES had no successors, 89 A PRIORI Argument. (See God.) AQUINAS, Tbomas, 99, 272, 403, 413, 512, 590, 637 ARCHANGEL. (See Angels.) - ARCHEOLOGY, 18 Biblical, 21 ARGYLL, Duke of, 270, 296, 298 ARIANS, 103, 167, 180, 196 ARISTOTELIAN V\\i\\ioiio^h.j, 63 ARIUS, 174 ARMINIUS, James, 104, 355, 303, 531 ARM INI AN Churches, 104 ARMINIANISM, 96, 98, 107-109, 151, 152, 202, 207, 223, 224, 231 Doctrine of will, 292-294 Of Original Righteousness, 302, 307 Of Perfection, 321 Of Original Sin, 334, 335 Of Inability, 339 Of Justice of God in the antenatal forfeiture of mankind, 352 Of Atonement, 413, 415 Of Eflfectual CalUng, 447, 451, 453, 455 Of Justifying Faith, 503 Of Justification, 508, 509, 514 Of Perseverance, 543 Of Future Punishment, 587 ARMSTRONG, Dr. Wm., 609, 614 ARNAULD, 100 AR TIC IE S, XXXIX of Church of Eng- land, 103, 113, 125, 235, 337, 346, 425, 541, 558, 589, 601. 630, 641, 649 Of Smaldcald, 102, 123, 558, 601, 630 A SC ENS ION of Christ. ( See Christ. ) ASSURANCE oi'EAeciion possible, 228 Of Faith, 477-479 A THAN A SI AN Creed. (See Creeds. ) ATHANASIUS, 423 6GG INDEX. A THEISM, 46 A TONEMENT, 401-425 Its Nature, 401-415 Terms deliued, 401-403 Active iiud Passive Obedience, 405 Doctrine stated, 405, 406 And proved, 406 Its Necessity, 411 Includes Active and Passive Obedi- ence, 412 Its Perfection, 412-414 Objections stated and answered, 414, 415 Its Design, 416-421 Doctrine stated, 416, 417 Arminian Doctrine, 417 Of \"Marrow Men,\" 417 Of French School and of Baxter, 418 Eeformed Doctrine of, proved, 418, 419 Objections stated and answered, 419-421 History of Theories which have prevailed, 421-423 Mystical, Moral Influence, Gov- ernmental Theories, 422 Satisfaction Theory, 423 Classical and Confessional Author- ities, 423-425 ATTRIBUTES, The Divine, 107, 129- 163 A VERROES, 52 BAPTISM, 603-630 Water the Symbol of Purification, 603 John's Baptism not Christian, 603, 604 The Baptism practised by the Dis- ciples before the Resurrection not this Sacrament, 604 The Ordinance is of perpetual ob- ligation, 604, 605 Defined as to its \"matter\" and \"form,\" 605, 606, and as to its \"design,\" 606, 607 Emblematic Import of, 607-609 The ''MODE\" of, 609-616 Classical and Scriptural usage of (ianri^oo, 609, 610 The position of Baptist Churches as to \"Mode\" stated, and that of all other Churches, 610, 611 Baptist Doctrine as to the Emblem- atic Import of Baptism, 607-609, and of \" Mode\" of Baptism, 609- 615 The Command to Baptize is a com- mand to Wash to effect Purifica- tion, 611, 612 BAPTISM {continued). The apphcation of Grace symbol- ized by sprinkling and pouring, 612 Old Testament modes of purifica- tion, 613 The Early Baptisms performed by John and the Apostles, 613-615 Historical Usage, SUBJECTS OE BAPTISM, 616- 625 Infant Baptism grounded on the constitution of human nature, 616 Visible Church, its nature and de- sign, 616-619 The Church one under both Dis- pensations, 619-621 Baptism takes the place of Cir- cumcision, 621 Church membership of Children recognized by Christ and his Apostles, 621, 622 Practice of Early Church, 622, 623 Objections stated and answered, 622-624 Whose Children should be bap- tized? 624, 625 The Eflicacy of Baptism (Roman, Lutheran, Zwinglian, and Re- formed doctrines), 625-628 Baptismal Regeneration, 627, 628 The Necessity of Baptism (Rom- ish, Lutheran, and Reformed doctrine), 628, 629 Authoritative Statements, 629, 630 BAPTISM A L RECEIVER A TIOiV, 627, 628 BAPTISTS, 103, 609, 610 BARCLA Y, Robert, 604 BARNABAS, 569 BARNES, Albert, 61 BARROW, Dr. Isaac, 403 BA UR, 58 BAXTER, Richard, 1(56, 403, 418 BEECHER, Dr. Edward, 351 BELLARM/X, 305, 307, 336, 354, 449, 451, 477, 479, 480, 510, 513, 524, 525, 540, 546, 558, 591, 594, 600, 629. 648 BERNARD of Clairvaux, 424 BERYL, 198 BEVAN 634 BEZA, 234, 355 BICKERSTETH, Rev. E. H., 554 BINGHAM, 615, 623 BISSEL, E. Cone, 62 BLUNT, 627 BOARDMIN, Dr. Wm. E., 194 BOLINGHROKE, 48 BOSSUET, 51 BOSTON, Thomas, 417 INDEX. 667 BRENTZ, John, 384 BRE TSCHNEIDER, 57 BROIVX, Dr. Johu, 417, 440 BROWN, Dr., 570 BRUCE, Dr. A. B., 384, 389 BRUNO, Giordano, 51 BUCER, Martin, G40 BUCHANAN, Dr. James, 47, 52 BULL, Unigenitus, 449 BULLLYGER, 640 BUSHNELL, 422 BUTLER, Bishop, 48 CALLLVG, Effectual, 445-455 External Call, 445, 446 Internal Call i^roved, 446 Views of difterent parties stated and compared, 447-449 Keformed Doctrine of, explained and proved, 449-452 Congruous to our nature, 452 How conditioned upon the truth, 453 Arminian Doctrine of, 453 Authoritative Statements of Church Doctrine, 454, 455 CALVIN, 100, 102, 166, 333, 354, 417, 439, 490, 507, 508, 599, 603, 624, 629, 630, 640, 649 CALVINISM, 109-111, 202 Doctrine of original righteousness, 302, 303, 307 Doctrine of Design of the Atone- ment, 416, 419 CAMBRIDGE, Platform, 127 CAMERON, J., 231, 341 CANDLISH, Dr. 423, 446 CARI YLE, 48 CARSON, Dr., A., 607, 609, 610 CATHERINUS, A., 357, 362 CA TECHISMS. Of Geneva, 592, 601, 630 Heidelberg, 103, 113, 124, 424, 480, 514, 540, 601, 640, 649 Luther's Larger and Smaller, 102, 123, 630 Of Council of Trent, 119, 306, 321, 456, 479, 480, 491, 492, 493, 499, 504, 557, 558, 591, 594, 597, 599, 600, 625, 629, 633, 635, 641 Eacovian, 104. 308, 337, 347, 400, 425, 503, 504, 514, 630 Russian of Philaret, 122 Longer, of Eastern Church, 558 Of Westminster Assembly, 103, 113, 116, 200, 245, 258, 263, 307, 310, 312, 316, 325, 356, 363, 371, 403, 440, 451, 487, 516, 518, 521, 558, 624, 632 CERINTHUS, 103 CHALCEDON, Creed of. (See Creeds. ) CHALMERS, Dr. Thos., 22, 61, 357 CHANCE, as the ultimate ground of the Evolution hyjiothesis shown to be absurd, 41 CHANNING, Dr. VVm., 104 CHARENTON. Synod of, 359 CHEMNITZ, 363, 384 CHERUBIM, 249, 250 CHILIANISM, 569-571 CHRIST, His DIVINITY, 169-173 CHRIST, PERSON oi, 378-390 Prophecies of Advent, 378-380 Doctrine stated, 380 And proved, 380, 381 Effects of union upon human na- ture, 382, 383 Lutheran Doctrine of \"Communi- catio Idiomatum,\" 384, 385 Heretical Opinions stated, 386-388 Doctrine of Kenosis, 388, 389 Authoritative Church Statements, 389 390 Christ] MEDIATORIAL office of, 391-400 The Christian Ministry not a Priest- hood, 398, 399 The Priesthood of Believers, 399 Authoritative Church Statements, 399, 400 CHRIST, INTERCESSION of, 426, 427 CHRIST, MEDIATORIAL KING- SHIP of, 428-444 Different aspects of, 428 Subjects of, 429 When assumed by him, 429 Usage of phrases, \"kingdom of God,\" \"kingdom of heaven,\" etc., 429, 430 Its nature and administration, 430, 431 Romish Doctrine of the relation of Church and State, 432, 433 Erastian view of same, 433 Doctrine of Reformed Churches, 433 Design of Church and of State, 433 American law on subject, 434-436 Relative jurisdiction of Sessions and Trustees, 437 CHRIST, His ESTATE of HUMIL- lA TION, 440-443 The Descent in Hell, 439 CHRIST, His ESTA TE of EXALTA- TION, 440-443 His resurrection, 441, 442 His ascension, 442 His sitting at the right hand of God, 443 Authoritative Church Statements, 443, 444 G68 INDEX. CHRIST, Union of belie vers with, 482- 486 Its nature, 482, 483 Ground, 484 Consequences, 484, 485 Communion of Saints, 485 CHRISTIAN Religion what? 15 CHRISTIANITY, Evidences of, 19 CHRISTIIEB, Dr., Gl CHRISTOIOGY, 101, 106, 109 CHURCH, Its idea, constitution, offi- cers, etc., 24, 25 Eomish Doctrine of Infallibility of, stated, 87, 88; and shown to be baseless, 88, 89 One under both Dispensations, 619-621 Visible 616-619 CHURCH and ST A TE, 432-438 CHURCH of England and Episcopal Church in U. S. A., Doctrine of as to the \"Descent into Hell, \"439 CLARKE, Dr. Sam., 46 CLARKE, 47 CLEMENTINE Homilies, 103 CLERK-MAXWELL, Prof. J., 24, 34 COCCEJUS, 362, 425 CCELESTIUS, 96 COLERIDGE, S. T., 58, 63 COMMUNION of saints, 485 COMMUNICA TIO IDIOM A TUM, 382, 384 COMPARA TIVE RELIGION, Science of, IS COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY, 18 COMPARISON of SYSTEMS, 94-111 CON A NT, Dr., 609 CONDITIONAL UNIVERSALISM, 418 CONFERENCE, Leipsic, 100 CONCOMITANCE, Roman doctrine of, 637, 647 CONFESSIONS. Augsburgh, 101, 102, 103, 113, 122, 123, 346, 490, 576, 600, 601, 628, 640, 648 Basle, 640 Belgic, 80, 103, 337, 576, 640, 649 Gallic, 103, 337, 354, 599, 640, 643, 649 English of Edward VI., 576 Helvetic I., 640 Helvetic II., 80, 103, 113, 124, 346, 354, 390, 399, 400, 541, 643 Scotch, 103, 113, 592, 640, 643, 644 Of the Remonstrants, 454, 543 Of Orthodox Greek Church, 122, 424 Tetrapolitana, 124, 640 Westminster, 81, 126, 182, 200, 233, 244, 245, 258, 263, 307, 310, CONFESSIONS {continued). 312, 316, 325, 347, 356, 363, 371, 390, 403, 416, 417, 424, 454, 480, 485, 487, 514, 521, 541, 542, 548, 552, 569, 576, 589, 591, 592, 599, 602, 605, 624, 626, 629, 630, 635, 643, 644, 650 CONSCIENCE, 282-285 CONSENSUS Genevensis, 127 Tigurinus, 127, 640, 641, 650, and in Appendix. CONSTABLE. Rev. Henry, 583 CQSMOLOGICAL Argument. (See God. ) COUNCILS. Carthage, 96 Chalcedon, 95, 385, 387, 388, 464 Constantinople I., 95, 174, 191, 387, 388 Constantinople VI., 95 Ephesus, 95, 96, 385, 387 Lateran IV., 637 Milevum, 96 Nice, 95, 115, 166, 173, 191, 385 Toledo, 95, 191 Trent, Decrees of, 80, 92, 119, 336, 346, 354, 399, 413, 424, 443, 449, 451, 456, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 499, 510, 511, 513, 527, 530, 531, 539, 540, 543, 546, 557, 589, 591, 592, 594, 599, 600, 603, 635, 640, 641, 644, 646, 647, 648 Vatican, Decrees of, 80, 92, 93, 121, 432 COUSIN, 52, 104 COVENANT of Works, 309-314 Different sense ot Word, 309 Doctrine defined, 309-312 And proved, 309-311 Parties and Conditions of, 311, 312 Adam represented the race, 311 Nature of the death threatened, 312, 313 The seal of the Covenant, 313 In what sense still in force, 314 COVENANT of Grace, 367-377 Usage of word Berith and 5 laOjjn?;, 367-369 Different views held by Calvinists, 369, 370 How is Christ Mediator of, 372, 373 Arminian view of, 374 How faith a condition of, 374 History of its administration, 375- 377 CREA TION of the World, 237-248 Doctrine of Absolute, 237, 238 CREA TIO PRIMA and SECUN- DA, 238, 239 Doctrine proved, 239-242 INDEX. 669 CREA TION {continued). Chief end the glory of God, 243- 245 The Mosaic record of and Science, 245-248 CREATION and Original State of Man, 296-308 CREA TIONISM 351, 352 CREEDS, Apostles', 113, 115 Athanasian, 113, 117, 118, 182 Chalcedon, 118, 119 Of Pope Pius IV., 119-121 CREEDS and CONFESSIONS, 112- 128 Why necessary, 112 How produced, 112, 113 Uses of, 114 Authority of, 114 CRELLIUS'.Z., 104 CRISP, Dr. Tobias, 404 CRITICISM, the Higher, 20 Textual, 20 CUNNINGHAM, Dr. Wm., 99, 125, 216, 218. 349, 357, 402 CURCELL.EUS, 105, 413 CYPRIAN, 623 CYRII, 387 DABNEY, Dr. Eobert L., 366 DATE, Dr. James W., 609 DAN^US, L., 355 DARWIN, Charles, 39, 47 DEA TH and the State of the Soul after Death, 548-558 Death defined, 548 How related to sin ? 548 Why the justified die, 549 Immortality of soul, 549-552 Old Testament doctrine of, 551, 552 Intermediate state, 552-558 New Testament doctrine of, 552 Biblical usage of Sheol, 551 Hades, 553 Paradise, 553, and Gehenna, 553 Anglican view of, 554 Romish view of, 556-558 Doctrine of Soul, Sleep, or Anni- hilation, 554, 555 Refuted, 555 No second probation, 555, 556 DECREES of God, 200-213 Difficulties involved, 201 Arminian view of, 202, 207 Calvinistic doctrine of, stated, 202, 203 One purpose, 203 Eternal, 203 Doctrine proved, 205, 206 Sovereign, 2o6 Unconditioned, 207, 208 DECREES {confimied). How far efficacious and how far permissive, 208 Not same as heathen doctrine of fate, 209 Consistent with free agency of man, 209, 210 With the holiness of God, 210, 211 With the use of means, 212 Practical effects of this doctrine, 213 Order of decrees, 230-234 DEISM, 48 DE MOOR, 352 DES CARTES, 46, 63, 260, 270 DEMONIA CAL POSSESSION. (See Angels. ) DENS, 593, 625, 641 DESCENT into Hell, 439 DESIGN, Argument from. (See God.) DICK, Dr. John, 372 DOCTRINE HISTORY, 23 DOCTRINAL STANDARDS. Of Church of Rome, 119-121 Of Greek, 121, 122 Of Lutheran Church, 122-124 Of Reformed Churches, 124-128 DOLLINGER, 52 DOMINICANS, 99, 100 DONA NATURALIA and Supernat- uralia, 305, 306 DORNER, Dr. J. A., 48, 358, 362, 517 DUALISM, 47 D WIGHT, 423 EBIONITES, 196, 386 EBRARD, Dr. 388 ECCLESIOLOGY, 23, 107, 108 EDWARDS, Jonathan, 51, 260, 289, 303, 320, 326, 341, 360, 458, 462 EFFECTUAL Calling. (See Calling. ) EG LIN, Raphael, 362 EICHORN, 48, 57 EMMONS, Dr., 270, 423, 457, 508, 521 ENCYCLOPAEDIA, 15 EPISCOPALIANS, 103 EPISCOPIUS, 105, 531 ERASTUS, 433 ERASTIANISM, 433 ERSKTNE, Ebenezer, 61, 417 ERSKTNE, Ralph, 417 ESCHATOLOGY, 23, 107, 548 ETHICS, Christian, 23 ETHNOLOGY, 18 EUCHARIST, 102 E USEE I US of CiEsarea, 27, 197 E USER lUS oimcomeAm, 197 EUTYCHES, 386, 387 EUTYCHIANISM 387 EVIDENCES oiG\\n:Mmxi\\ij, 19 EVOLUTION, theories of, 39, 40 G70 INDEX. EXALTATION, Estate of. (See Ghrist.') EXEGESIS, 21 EXEGETICAL THEOLOGY, 20 FABER, Stanley, 216 FAIKBAIRN, Dr. Patrick, 250, 398, 573, 578, 610 FAITH, 465-481 Defiued, 465, 466 Faith and knowledge, 467-469 Eomish distinction of \"Implicit\" and \"Explicit\" faith, 467, 468 Grounds of faith, 470 Temporary and living, 471 How related to trust, 472 Doctrine proved, 473 \"Fides informis\" and \"fides for mata,\" 474 Articles of faith and matters of opinion, 475 \"Fides specialis \" and its object, 476 Eelation of Faith and Assiirance, 477-479 Faith leads to works, 479 Authoritative Statements, 479-481 Kelation to Justification, 503, 504 FARKAR, A. S., 61 FARRAR, F. W., 48, 58, 61, 104 FEDERAL THEOLOGY, 362-366 FEUE REACH, 51 FICHTE, 57, 63 FINNEY, Prof., 534 FISHER, Dr. G. P., 62, 357, 361 FLETCHER, Zll FLA TT 423 FLINT, Prof. Robert, 32, 38, 46, 47 FOREORDINATION how far distin- guished from foreknowledge and how fiir equivalent, 203 FORMULA CONGO R DIE, 80, 100, 123, 235, 301, 336, 337, 346, 354, 389, 390, 424, 443, 448, 454, 464, 513, 540, 546, 635, 648 FORMULA CONSENSUS HEL- VETICA, 127, 128, 346, 356, 425, and Appendix FRANCISCANS, 99 FREDERICK t\\\\& Great. 57 FREE AGENCY, 280-295 Will defined, 282 Distinction between liberty and ability, 288, 289 Motives defined, 290 Consistent with certainty, 291 False theories of contingency, 291- 293 Arminian View inconsistent with gospel, 294, 295 FREE WILL, 97 FERGUSON 58 GERHARD, John, 166, 235, 241 GESS, Dr. W. F., 388, 389 GIBBON, 218 GLADSTONE, Hon. Wm. E., 433 GOD. His existence, 29-52 Origin of idea of, 29 Nominal definition of, 29 Real definition, 29, 30 Idea, how far due to tradition? 30 In what sense innate ? and in what sense intuitive, 30, 31 Formal arguments for existence of, their value and classification, 32 Cosmological Argument, 33 Objections to and answer, 33, 34 Teleological Argument, \" in two forms, 35, 36 Objections to and answers, 37-40 Moral Argument stated, 41 Objections and answers, 42, 43 Scrii^tural Argument, 44, 45 A priori Argument, 45, 46 Anti-Theistic theories, 46-52 GOD, his Attributes, 107, 109, 129-163 Method of determining them, 129 Objective reality of our knowledge of, 129-131 Names of, their etymology and meaning, 134, 135 The nature of these attributes, 135, 136, and their classification, 137, 138 His Simplicity, 136 Unity, 138, 168, 169 Spirituality, 139, 140 Relation to space, 140, 141 Relation to time, 142, 143 Immutability, 143, 144 Infinite Intelligence, 144-148 Wisdom, 148, 149 Infinite power, 149, 150 Will, 150, 153 Absolute Justice, 153-158 Goodness, 158-161 Truth, 161, 162 Sovereignty, 162 Holiness, 163 GOD, Decrees of (See Decrees.) GOD, his acts classified, 200 Not the author of sin, 211, 212 G OMAR US, 232, 349 Govei'nmeutal theory of Atone- ment, 422 GNOSTICS, 47, 193 GRACE, 97 GREEK' Church, Doctrine of, as to sin, 334, 335 As to Grace, 454 As to Intermediate State, 558 As to Mode of Baptism, 615 INDEX. 671 GREEN, Dr. Wm. H., 297 GREGOR V, the Great, 423 GROTIUS, 105, 156, 413, 423 HAGENBACH, 58, 164, 197, 198, 387, 388, 590 HALES 297 HAMILTON, Sir Wm., 49, 130, 133, 282, 292, 305, HARE, Julius C, 405 HARD WICK, 47 HARVEY, Keview of N. W. Taylor, 332 HASE, 423, 448 HAVEN, Prof., 319 HEA VEN and HeU, 577-587 Heaven, 577-580 Scriptural Terms, 577, 578 A place, 578 A condition, 578, 580 The State of the Reprobate, 580- 587 Scriptural Terms, 580 The nature of future punishment, 580, 581 It is endless, 581-583 Objections stated and refuted, 584- 587 Theory of Annihilation or Con- ditional Immortalitj', 583 Theory of Restoration, 583, 584 HEGEL, 51, 57, 63 HEIDEGGER, J. H., 127 HELL. (See Heaven and Hell.) HERBERT of Cherbiu-y, 48 HERMENEUTICS, 21 HERMES, 569 HERSCHELL, Sir John, 241 HETHERINGTON, 61 HILARY, 94 HILDEBERT of Tours, 637 HILL, 170, 185 HISTORICAL THEOLOGY, 26, 27 HISTORY, Biblical, 26 Ecclesiastical, 26 Sources of, 27 Of Doctrine, 28 HOBBES, 48 HODGE, Dr. Charles, 137, 159, 181, 230, 262, 272, 317, 344, 377, 420, 441, 442, 446, 459, 468, 469, 560, 567, 587 HOFFMAN, Dr., 388 HOGG, James, 417 HOLY GHOST, His divinity and per- sonality, 173-176 HOPKINS, Dr., 61, 351, 353 HORNE'S Introduction, 177 HUDSON, C. F., 313, 554, 583 HUMANITARIANS, 195 HUME, David, 37 HUMILIATION, Estate of. (See Christ. ) HURST, 48, 57, 58 HUTTER, 363 HUXLE Y, 40 HYPERIUS, 362 IDEALISM, 48, 49 INDULGENCES, 493 IMMORTALITY of the soul, 549-552 IMPUTATION of Adam's first sin, 348-366 Imputation defined, 357, 358 Mediate. 358 Of our sins to Christ, 407, 408 Of Christ's righteousness to us, 501, 502 INABILITY, 338-347 Pelagian view of, 338 Semipelagian, 338 Augnstinian, 339 Distinction of \"Liberty\" and \"Ability,\" 339 Doctrine stated, 339, 340 Distinction of \"Moral\" and \"Nat- ural \" Abihty, 341, 342 Doctrine proved, 340-343 Objections stated and answered, 343-345 Authoritative Church Statements, 346, 347 INDEPENDENT CHURCHES, 103 INFINITE, The, 130, 133 INFRA-LAPSARIANISM, 231 INNOCENT III., 637 INNER LIGHT, 55 INSPIRA TION, 21, 65, 81 Necessary presuppositions, 65 Church doctrine of, 66 Plenary what? 66 Verbal what ? 66 Doctrine proved, 67 God's Providential agency therein, 67 Nature and extent of Inspiration defined, 68 How dift'ers from revelation ? 68 From spiritual illumination, 68 Proof of Church doctrine of, 69-74 Objections stated and answered, 74-77 Defective statements of, 78 False doctrines of, 78, 79 Authoritative Creed statements of, 80, 81 INTERCESSION oi Chxifii, 626, 427 INTERPRETATION, History of, 21 Prophetical, 22 INTRODUCTION, general, 20 Special, 21 IREN^US, 421, 569, 623 672 INDEX. JACOB I, 51 JAMBLICUS, 51 JANSENIUS, 99 JANSENISTS, 100, 449 • JESUITS, 99, 271 JE IV S, future Conversion and Eestora- tion of, 571-573 JOHN Ascusnages, 197 JOHN Philoponus, 197 JOSEPHUS, 297 JOWETT, Prof., 58, 422 JUIIAN, 96 JUDGMENT, final, 573-576 JUSTIFICA TION, 496-514 New Testament usage of ^ixaiooa, etc., 496, 497 Doctrine defined and proved, 498- 502 Not grounded on ■works, 498, 499 But upon the righteousness, active and passive, of Christ, 500 Imputation of righteousness proved 501, 502 Kelation of Faith to, 503, 504 Specific object of justifying faith, 504 Its elfects, 505 Objections stated and answered, 505 Erroneous views of, 505-512 Piscator's view, 506 As modified by Governmental the- ory of the Atonement, 508, and by the Arininian theory, 508, 509 Calvin vindicated, 507, 508 Romish doctrine of Justification stated and refuted, 509-512 Authoritative Church statements, 513, 514 KAHNIS, 58 KANT, 63 KINGSHIP of Christ. (See Christ) KITTO, 249, 578, 580 KNOX, John, 640 KRAUTH, Dr., C. P., 49, 123, 362, 595, 626, 629, 634, 643 KURTZ, 27 LAMPE, 352 LEA TIIES, Stanley, 61 LE CLERC, 105 LEIBNITZ, 63, 244 LEIPSIC Conference, 448 LELAND, 48 LEO the Great, 388 LESSING, 48 LIMBORCH, 105, 307, 337, 347, 353, 413, 425, 447, 503, 509, 514, 587, 602 LOCKE, John, 63 LORD'S SUPPER, 631-650 Its institution and perpetual obli- gation, 631 Scriptural and Ecclesiastical desig- nations, 631, 632 Kind of bread and wine to be used, 633. 634 The breaking of bread, 634 Distribution of elements essential, 635, 636 Proper manner of conducting ser- vices, 636 Relation of the sign to the grace signified, 636-641 Romish view of (Transubstantia- tion) stated and refuted, 636, 639 Doctrine of \"Concomitance,\" 637 Reasons for withholding the cup, 637 Lutheran view of the presence of Christ in, 639 The Reformed view of same, 639- 641 Efficacy of, 641-647 Romish Doctrine of same as a Sac- rament and as a Sacrifice (Mass) stated and refuted, 641, 642 Lutheran view of same, 642, 643 Zwinglian view of, 643 Reformed view of, 643 Qualification for admission to, 644- 646 Authoritative Statements, 846-650 LOYOLA Ignatius, 99 LUTHER, 100, 102, 354, 384, 404, 405, 444, 625, 626, 639 LUTHERAN Churches, 102 L UTHERANISM, 100-102, 122, 123, 271 Of Original Sin, 336, 337 Of Predestination, 234, 235 Of Original Righteousness, 307 Of Inability, 346 Of Person of Christ, 384, 389, 390 Of the \"Descent into Hell,\" 439, 443, 444 Of Effectual Calling, 447 Of Regeneration, 464 Of Justification, 513 Of Perseverance, 546 Of Efficacy of Sacraments, 595, 600, 601 Of Necessity of Baptism, 625, 629 Of Christ's presence in the Eucha- rist, 639, 648, 649 Of Efficacy of same, 64, 643, 648, 649 M'CLINTOCK, Dr. John, 26, 27, 28, 494 MCOSH, Dr. James, 142, 283, 286, 315 MACEDONIUS, 174 INDEX. 673 MA HAN, Prof., 534 MALEBRAXCHE, 260 MAX, his CREATIOX, and ORIG- IX A L ST A TE, 296-308 Immediately created by God, 296 His antiquity, 297, 298 Unity of race proved, 298, 299 Trichotomy disproved, 299, 300 Created righteous, 300, 301 Pelagian view of original right- eousness, 302, 304 Arminian, 302 Kespousibility for innate disposi- tions, 302-305 Distinction between the image and likeness of God, 305 Eoiiiish doctrine of the original state of man, 305, 306 Authoritative Statements, 306-308 MAXES, 47, 350 MAXXIXG, Cardinal, 93, 432 MAXSEL, 130, 133 MARBURG, Colloquy, 640 MARROIV mexi, 417 MARTEXSEX, 388 MARTIXEAU, James, 104 MARTYR, Justin, 623 MARTYR, Peter, 355 MA SOX, Dr. John M., 621 MASS, doctrine of, 632, 641, 647, 648 AIA TERIALISM, modern, involves old doctrine of Chance, 41, 49, 50, 52 MA TTER not eternal, 241, 242 MA URICE, 58, 442, 448 MAX MULLER, 48 MEDIA TIOX THEOLOGY, 57 MEDIATORIAL Office of Christ. (See Christ.) MELAXCHTHOX, 100, 354, 362, 448, 639, 640 MERIT, Komish doctrine of, merit of congruity and of condignity, 527 True view of, 527, 528 METHODISTS, Wesleyan, 103, 105 Articles of religion of, 126 METHODOLOGY, 15 MILL, James, 43 MILL, J. S., 33, 34, 43, 47, 276 MILLER, Hugh, 331, 364 MILLEXXIUM, Scriptural doctrine of, 568, 569 MIRACLES, 274-279 Possible, 275, 276 How consistent with divine per- fections, 277, 278 How recognizable, 27^ 279 MOEHLER, 306 MOLIXA, Lewis, 99, 147 MOLIXISTS, 99, 100 MOXARCHIAXS, 174, 197, 198 MOXOPHYSITES, 387 MOXOTHELITES, 388 i]/6i^^Z Argument. (See (?od.) MORAL accountability, ultimate seat of, 293, 294 MORAL Influence Theory of Atone- ment, 422 MOORE, Dr. Wm. E., 436, 598, 625, 636 MOSHEIM, 164, 506 MULLER, Julius, 351 MYCOXIUS, Oswald, 640 MYSTICAL theory of Atonement, 422 XATURAL THEOLOGY, 19 XEAXDER, Augustus, 27, 47, 174, 197, 305, 387, 421, 615 XEO-PLATOXISTS, 51, C3 XESTORIUS, 387 XESTORIAX, Heresy, 387 XEWMAX, J. H., 62*5 XEWTOX, Sir Isaac, 142 A7C^7\\^A Creed. (See Creed) XICOLE, 100 XIE MEYER, Dr. H. A., 128 XOETUS, 198 NEW HAVEN doctrine of Original Sin, 335 OBERLIN&.o<iix\\a.% of Perfection, 533- 536 OCHINO, 104 OLEVIANUS, 362 ORIGEN, 197, 198, 421, 423, 555, 623 OSIANDER, 422 OUTRAM, 409, 421 OWEN, Dr. J., 362 PAINE, Thos., 48 PALEY, 61 PANTHEISM, 50 PA PI AS, 569 PA REUS, D., 351 PARK, Prof Ed. A., 154, 423 PARKER, Theodore, 48. 58 PARSONS, Dr. Theophilus, 565 PASCAL, 51, 100 PATRIPASSIANS, 174 PA UL of Samosata, 103 PAUL, Father, 357 PAUL US. 48, 57 PEARSON, Bishop, 61, 439 PECK, Dr. George, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 537 PELAGIUS, 96, 623 PELAGIANISM compared with Au- gustinianism, 96, 97 Doctrine of Original righteousness, 302, 304 Of sin, 320 Of original sin, 330, 331, 334 674 INDEX. PELAGIANISM, Doc. {continued.-) Of inability, 338 Of efi'ectual calling, 447 Of regeneration, 456 Of perfection, 529 PENANCE, (See Eepentmice.) PERFECTIONISM, 21. (See Sandi- ficution. ) PERA'LVS, Dr. Justin, 634 PERSE VERANCE of the Saints, 542- 547 Doctrine stated and proved, 542, 543 Objections stated and answered, 543-547 Romish view of, 543, 546 Arminian, 543_ Li;theran, 546 Authoritative Statements, 546, 547, PHILOLOGY, Biblical, 20 PHILOSOPHY, 18 Its relation to Theology, 63 PIGHIUS, Albertus, 357 RISC A TOR, 415, 506 PIUSl^., Pope, 432 PLAC/EUS, Joshua, 358, 359 PLOTINUS, 51 POLEMICS, 23 POL YTHELSM, 47 POPE Innocent, 96 Zosimus, 96 Innocent X., 100 Alexander II., 100 Clement XL, 100 Leo X., 495 POPE, Infallibihty and Authority of, 92, 93 PORPHYRY, 51 PRACTICAL THEOLOGY, 24 PR AXE AS, 198 PREDESTINATION, 98, 214-336 Different senses of word, 214 Theory of \"National Election,\" 215 Theory of \"Ecclesiastical Individ- ualism,\" 216 Armiiiian doctrine of, 216 Calvinis'tic doctrine of, 218 Not founded on works, 220, but on the sovereign will of God, 220 Doctrine proved, 218-223 Objections stated and answered, 223-229 PREMILLENNIAL Advent Theory, 569-571 PRESBYTERIAN G\\mvc'he%, 103, 104 PRESSENSE, Dr. Edward, 47, 103 PRIESTLEY, 104 PRIP'A TE JUDGMENT, 91 PROFESS 10 FID EI TR ID EN- TINE, 92 PROVIDENCE, 258-279 Preservation, 258 Deistical View, 259 Theory of continued creation, 260, 261 True doctrine of preservation sta- ted, 261 Scripture doctrine of Providential Government stated, 262, and proved, 263 266 Special providence, 266 Extends to free and to sinful acts, 267, 268 Mechanical theory of, 269, 270 Theory of occasional causes, 270, 271 Theories of concursus, 271-273 Characteristics set forth in Script- ure, 273, 274 Extraordinary providences and mir- acles, 274-279 PSYCHOLOGY, 18 PUNISHMENT, Future, Endless, 580-587 PURGA TOR Y, 556-558 PUSEY, Dr., 503 QUENSTEDT, Andrew, 239, 355, 360, 629 QUESNEL, 100, 449 RADBERT, Pascasius, 637 RATIONALISM, 55, 57 RATIONALIST.S, 174 RATRAMNUS, 637 RA WLINSON, 61 REALISM, 361-364 REASON, different senses of, 56 Not ultimate ground of religious truth, 58, 59 REDEMPTION, 98 REFORMED Churches, 102, 103 REFORMED doctrine, 103, 271, 272 Of Person of Christ, 390, etc., etc. REGENERA TION, 456-464 Erroneous Views, 456-458 True view stated and proved, 458- 461 Distinguished from Conversion, 460 Absolute necessity of, 463 Authoritative Statements, 464, 494, 495 REID, 63, 292 REIMARUS, 48, 57 RELIGION, what? 15 REMONSTRANCE, 105 REMONSTRANTS, 105, 271 REMONSTRANT Doctrine of Pre- destination, 236 Of original righteousness, 307 INDEX. 675 REMONS TRANT Doc. {continued. ) Of original sin, 337 Of Inability, 347 Confession of, 353 Of Atonement, 425 Of Efficacy of Sacraments, 595, 596, 602 RENAN, 58 REPENTANCE AND ROMISH DOCTRINE OF PENANCE, 487-495 A gift of God, 487 Its fruits, 488 Includes apprehension of God in Christ, 488 Its evidences, 489 Eomish doctrine of Penance, 490 Statement, 490 Of Confession, 491 Of Absolution, 492 Refutation of Romish doctrine, 492, 493 Doctrine of Indulgences, 493 Authoritative statements, 494, 495 RESURRECTION of Christ. (See Chr[st.^ RESURRECTION, 559-565 Simultaneous and general, 560, 565 Christ's resuiTection, 560, 561 Scientific objections stated and an- swered, 561, 563 Conditions of Personal Identity, 563 Doctrine of the Jews, 564 Heretical \\iews, 564, 565 REVELATION supernatural, neces- sary, possible, and probable, 59- 61 Its nature, 68 RIDGE LY, Dr. T., 352 RITSCHL, 423 RITTER, 52 ROBERTSON, Rev. Andrew, 418 ROBINSON, Dr. Ed., 408, 445, 465, 554 RODGERS, Judge, Supreme Court of Penna., 435 ROGERS, Henrv, 61 ROMAN CATHOLIC Doctrine. Of authority and infalUbiUty of the Pope, 92, 93 Of sin, 321 Original sin, 335, 336, 337 Of inability, 346 Of Christian priesthood, 399 Of Christ's \"descent into hell,\" 439, 443 Of grace, 454 Of regeneration, 490-495 Of faith, 472, 474, 476 Of justification, 491, 499, 509 ROMAN CA THOLIC Doc. {continued. ) Of counsels, 525, 540 Of merit of condignity and of con- gnaity, 527 Of perfection, 530-536 Of perseverance, 543, 546 Of purgatory, and the intermediate state, 556-558 Of sacraments, 590-600 Their efficacy, 596, 597 Of efficacy, and necessity of bap- tism, 625-630 Of transubstantiation, 634-639, 646- 648 Doctrine of the Mass, 641, 646-648 ROW, 61 RULE OF FAITH and PRACTICE, 82-93 Protestant Doctrine of, 55, 82 Roman Catholic Doctrine of, 82, 83 SABELLIUS, 198 SACRAMENTS, 588-602 Etymology and usage of the word, 588, 589 Definition of, 589, 590 Relation of sign to grace signified, 591, 592 Romish Doctrine of Efficacy of, 592-595 Protestant Doctrine of same, 595- 597 Necessity of, 597, 598 Validity of, 598, 599 Authentic Statements, 599 - 602. (See BajMsin and Lord's Sup- per.) SAISSET 52 SAMPSON, 165 SANCTIFICATION, 520-541 Difi'erent views of, 520, 521 Doctrine defined, 521, 522 Agency of the truth in, 523 Agency of the sacraments in, 524 And of Faith, 524 Good works, their nature and ne- cessity, 525, 526 Romish Doctrine of Precepts and Counsels, 525 Antinomian view of, 526 Merit of condignity, and merit of congruity, 527 True view of merit, 527, 528 Perfect sanctification, 529-541 Pelagian theorj' of, stated, 529, and refuted, 534-539 Romish theory of, stated, 530, 531, and refuted, 534-539 Arminian theory of, stated, 531-533, and refuted, 534-539 Authoritative Statements, 539-541 676 INDEX. SANDEMANIANS, 472 SATAN. (See Angels.) SA VO V DECLAKA TION, 126 SCHAFF, Dr. Philip, 27, 58, 112, 115, 117, 124, 128, 361, 364, 423, 615, 634 SCHELLING, 51, 57, 63 SCHLEIERiMACHER, 51, 54, 422 SCHOOLMEN, theology of, 99 SCHIVENKFELD, 422 SCIENCE and Revelation, 246-248 SCIENCES, physical, 19 ''SCIENTIA media;' 99, 147 SCOTUS, Erigena, 51, 422 SCOTUS, John Dims, 99, 412 SCRIPTURES, Inspiration of, 65-81 Only infallible rule of faith and practice, 84 Complete, 84, 85 Perspicuous, 85, 86 Accessible, 86 Judge of Controversy, 86, 89-91 Do not derive authority from the Church, 90 Nor to be authoritatively inter- preted by the Church, 90 Eomish Doctrine of the Interpre- tation of, 92 SECOND ADVENT AND GEN- ERAL yCDGMENT, 566-576 New Testament usage of the words, 566 A literal Advent still future, 5G6, 567 Various interpretations of Matthew xxiv. and xxv. , 567 The Apostles did not teach that the coming would be immediate, 568 Millennium, Scriptural Doctrine of, 568, 569 The Premillennial theory stated and refuted, 569, 570 The interpretation of Revelation XX. 1-lU, 570, 571 The future Conversion and Resto- ration of the Jews, 571, 572 The final judgment, 573-576 The Judge and the subjects of judg- ment, 573 How the Saints will judge the world, 574 The Principles of the Judgment, 574 The final Conflagration of the world, 575 Authoritative Statements, 576 SEM/AR/ANS, 167, 197 SEMITE LA GIAA'ISAI 96, 98, 99, 334 Doctrine of Inabilitv, 338 Of Effectual Calling, 447 SEMLER, 57 SERVETiJS, 104 SHAFTESBURY, 48 SHEDD, Rev. J. H., 634 SHEDD, Dr. Wm. G. T., 116, 196, 198, 362, 364, 365, 423 SIN, Its nature, 315-321 Its tests, 315 Its definition, 315 \"Want of conformity to law, 316, 317 Predicable of permanent states as well as of acts, 318, 319 Concupiscence sinful, 319 The Origin of sin, 317-322 Pelagian Doctrine of, 320 In what sense alwaj's voluntary, 320 SIN of Adam, 321-324 Its effect on himself, 323 Upon his posterity, 324 SIN, original, 97, 325-337 Doctrine of, defined, 325 It does not involve corruption of substance, 326 It is truly sin, 327 Not simply loss of original right- eousness, 327 It affects the entire man, 327, 328 In what sense \"total \" ? 328, 329 Doctrine proved, 329, 333 Sin against the Holy (Jhost, 333 Pelagian and Semipelagian Doc- ti-ine of, 333, 334 New Haven Doctrine of, 335 Authoritative Church Statements of, 336, 337 SIN, The IMTUTA TION of Adam's first, 348-366 The difficulty lies in the Facts, 348, 349 Self-evident principles to be re- membered, 349 Two qiiestions to be kept distinct, the How ? and the Why ? 350 Theories of the origination which ignore its Adamic origin, 350, 351 Different views as to the propaga- tion of sin, 351, 352 The Armiuian explanation of the justice of ante-natal forfeiture, 352 The New England view of same,'' 353 The Church view of same, 353 The general consensus of the Churches shown, 354-357 Imputation defined, 357, 358 Mediate Imputation, 358-360 The Church Doctrine proved, 360 Ground of the imputation, 361-366 The Augustinian view, 361-364 The Federal view, 362-366 INDEX. SM ALLEY, 423 SMITH, Dr. Henry B., 403 SMITLL Dr- Robertson, 58 SOCINUS, Faustus, 104, 174, 334, 414, 415 S0CINL4NS, 96, 103, 194, 271, 386 SOCINIANISM, 96, 106, 107, 202, 206, 334, 347 Doctrine of the Priesthood of Christ, 400 Of the Atonement, 414, 415, 422 Of Justifying Faith, 503, 504 Of Justification, 514 Of the Efficacy of Baptism, etc., 630 SOTEKIOLOGY, 23, 96, 106, 108, 110 SPENCER, Herbert, 47 SPINOZA, 51, 260, 270 STANLEY, Dean Edward, 58 STATISTICS, 19 STAUDLIN, 423 STEWART, Prof. B., 34 STORR, 423 STRAUSS, 47, 51, 58 STREITIVOLF, 423 STRONG, Justice Wm., 436 STUART, Dr. Moses, 581 SL'MNER, Ai-chbishop, 216 SUPRA LA PSA RIANS, 232, 233, 411 SIVEDENBORG, 564, 565 SYLLABUS, Papal, 432 SYMBOLLCS, 28 SYNERGISTS, 100 SYNERGISM, 448 SYNOD oiYioxi, 105, 417 Canons and Decrees of, 113, 126, 235, 346, 352, 356, 454, 546 SYNOD of Orange, 98 SYNOD of Valence, 98 SYSTEMATIC Theology, 22 TA YLOR, Isaac, 248, 555 TAYLOR, Dr. N. W., 160, 332, 457, 458, 459, 521 TELEOLOGLCAL Argument. (See (?oc/.) TENNEMANN, 47 TERTULLIAN, 94, 164, 569, 623 Til EO DICE, 243 THEODORE of Mopsuestia, 387 THEODOTUS, 103 THEOLOGY, What? 15 Three systems of, have always pre- vailed, 95, 9G How far possible? 16 Why desirable? 16 Upon what fundamental questions does it rest? 17 Its position in relation to other sciences, 17 THEOLOGY {continued. ) The main divisions in the proposed aiTangement stated, 17 Departments of human knowledge auxiliary to the studv of theol- ogy, 18, 19 THEOLOGY, Natural, 19, 53 Eevealed, 53 Exegetical, 20 Biblical. 22 Systematic, 22 Practical, 24 Historical, 26, 27 THEOLOGY, Sources of, 53, 54, etc. Reason not the ultimate source of, 58, 59 Relation of, to Philosophy, 63 THEOLOGY PROPER, \\^\\, 103 THOLUCK, Prof., 26 THOMASIUS, Dr. Gottfried, 388 THORNIVELL, Dr. James, 357 TILLEMONT, 100 TISCHENDORF, 62 TITCOMB, 61 T^A'^Z'/TYaV Romish doctrine stated, 82, 83, 92, and disproved, 83, 84 TRADUCIANISM, 351, 352 TRANS UBSTANTLA TION, Romish doctrine of, 635-639, 646-648 TRICHOTOMY, 299, 300 TRINITY, doctrine of, 164-199 Meaning of word, 164 Definition of terms, 164-167 The several propositions involved, 167, 168 The divinity and separate person- ahty of the Logos, 169-173 The divinity and personality of the Holy Ghost, 173-176 Doctrine directly taught in Script- ure, 176-178 The Eternal Generation of the Son, 178-188 The Eternal Procession of the Holy Ghost, 188-192 Heretical Opinions, 195-199 Doctrine essential to Christianity, 198, 199 TUBINGEN, 58 TULLOCH, 47, 58 TURRETIN, Francis, 127, 137, 145, 152, 164, 173, 182, 190, 258, 262, 268, 272, 289, 315, 356, 359, 360, 377, 402, 451, 460, 481, 497, 504, 515, 516, 527, 528, 592, 603, 632 TYLER, Prof., 48 TYNDAL, 50 TYPOLOGY, 21 TIVISSE, 349, 411 678 INDEX. ULRICT, 47 UNDERDONK, Bishop H. U., 457 ^7A7aV with Christ. (See C/iris?.) UNITARIAN Q,\\mxc\\^%, 104 UNITARIANS, 103, 174, 198 UNIVERSAL History, 18 UPDEGRAFF, case of, 435 URSINUS, 354, 380, 640 USSIIER, Archbishop James, 297, 417 UTILITARIAN TIIEOR Y OF MOR- ALS, 287 VALENSES, 424 VAN MILDERT, WiUiam, 48 VICTOR, St. Hugo, 587 VIRCHOW, 40 VIRTUE, 286 VIRTUOUS CHARACTER, 286, 287 The ultimate seat of moral respon- sibility, 293, 295 VITRINGA, 316 VOLTAIRE, 48 VON B RES, 640 VOSSIUS, G. J., 356 WAGE, 61 WALL, Dr. -William, 623 WALNUT STREET Church case, 439 WARDLA W, 61 WATSON, Kichard, 106, 303, 304, 377, 417, 418, 423, 538 WEEKS, Dr. W. B., 403 WEGSCHEIDER. 48, 57, 218 WESLEY, 106, 224, 303, 321, 532, 533 WESLEYANS, 106 WESSEL, Johu. 424 WESTCOTT, Rev. B. F., 61 WETSTEIN, 105 WHATELY, Ai-chbishop, 216, 227, 554, 583 WHEDON, Dr. D. D., 224, 293, 294, 302, 353 WHITE, Rev. Ed., 583 WIGGERS, Dr. G. F., 97, 334, 354, 529 WILLIAMS, 58 WISSOWATIUS, 104 WITHERSPOON, President, 356 WITSIUS, 314, 356, 377 WOLF, 57 WOLFENB UTTEL ERA G ME NTS, 57 WOOLSEY, President Theodore, 157, 158 WYCLIFFE, 424 YOUNG, Dr. John, 422 ZOROASTER, 47 ZW INGLE, 100, 639, 640 Z WING LI AN Doctrine of the Sacra- ments, 592, 595, 596 Of Baptism, its Efficacy, 626 Of Lord's Supper, its Efficacy, 643 v^ DATE DUE r \"\"^ ^ <%^ HIGHSMITH # -45220 Princeton Theological S em i nary -S peer Library 1 1012 0 016 7320", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "1", "sort_key": 1, "question": "Who made the world?", "answer": "God made the world.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST: ON THE END OF MAN", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "2", "sort_key": 2, "question": "Who is God?", "answer": "God is the Creator of heaven and earth, and of all things.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST: ON THE END OF MAN", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "3", "sort_key": 3, "question": "What is man?", "answer": "Man is a creature composed of body and soul, and made to the image and likeness of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST: ON THE END OF MAN", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "6", "sort_key": 4, "question": "Why did God make you?", "answer": "God made me to know Him, to love Him, and to serve Him in this world, and to be happy with Him forever in the next.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST: ON THE END OF MAN", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "9", "sort_key": 5, "question": "What must we do to save our souls?", "answer": "To save our souls, we must worship God by faith, hope, and charity; that is, we must believe in Him, hope in Him, and love Him with all our heart.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST: ON THE END OF MAN", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "10", "sort_key": 6, "question": "How shall we know the things which we are to believe?", "answer": "We shall know the things which we are to believe from the Catholic Church, through which God speaks to us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST: ON THE END OF MAN", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "11", "sort_key": 7, "question": "Where shall we find the chief truths which the Church teaches?", "answer": "We shall find the chief truths which the Church teaches in the Apostles' Creed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST: ON THE END OF MAN", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "12", "sort_key": 8, "question": "Say the Apostles' Creed.", "answer": "I believe in God, the Father Almighty, Creator of heaven and earth; and in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord; who was conceived by the Holy Ghost, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified; died, and was buried. He descended into hell: the third day He arose again from the dead: He ascended into heaven, and sitteth at the right hand of God, the Father Almighty; from thence He shall come to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Ghost, the Holy Catholic Church, the communion of Saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting. Amen.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST: ON THE END OF MAN", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "13", "sort_key": 9, "question": "What is God?", "answer": "God is a spirit infinitely perfect.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "14", "sort_key": 10, "question": "Had God a beginning?", "answer": "God had no beginning; He always was and He always will be.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "15", "sort_key": 11, "question": "Where is God?", "answer": "God is everywhere.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "16", "sort_key": 12, "question": "If God is everywhere, why do we not see Him?", "answer": "We do not see God, because He is a pure spirit and cannot be seen with bodily eyes.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "17", "sort_key": 13, "question": "Does God see us?", "answer": "God sees us and watches over us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "18", "sort_key": 14, "question": "Does God know all things?", "answer": "God knows all things, even our most secret thoughts, words, and actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "19", "sort_key": 15, "question": "Can God do all things?", "answer": "God can do all things, and nothing is hard or impossible to Him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "20", "sort_key": 16, "question": "Is God just, holy, and merciful?", "answer": "God is all just, all holy, all merciful, as He is infinitely perfect.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "21", "sort_key": 17, "question": "Is there but one God?", "answer": "Yes; there is but one God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "22", "sort_key": 18, "question": "Why can there be but one God?", "answer": "There can be but one God, because God, being supreme and infinite, cannot have an equal.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "23", "sort_key": 19, "question": "How many Persons are there in God?", "answer": "In God there are three Divine Persons, really distinct, and equal in all things--the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "24", "sort_key": 20, "question": "Is the Father God?", "answer": "The Father is God and the first Person of the Blessed Trinity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "25", "sort_key": 21, "question": "Is the Son God?", "answer": "The Son is God and the second Person of the Blessed Trinity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "26", "sort_key": 22, "question": "Is the Holy Ghost God?", "answer": "The Holy Ghost is God and the third Person of the Blessed Trinity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "27", "sort_key": 23, "question": "What is the Blessed Trinity?", "answer": "The Blessed Trinity is one God in three Divine Persons.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "29", "sort_key": 24, "question": "Are the three Divine Persons one and the same God?", "answer": "The three Divine Persons are one and the same God, having one and the same Divine nature.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "34", "sort_key": 25, "question": "Which are the chief creatures of God?", "answer": "The chief creatures of God are men and angels.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH: ON THE ANGELS AND OUR FIRST PARENTS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "35", "sort_key": 26, "question": "What are angels?", "answer": "Angels are bodiless spirits created to adore and enjoy God in heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH: ON THE ANGELS AND OUR FIRST PARENTS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "39", "sort_key": 27, "question": "Who were the first man and woman?", "answer": "The first man and woman were Adam and Eve.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH: ON THE ANGELS AND OUR FIRST PARENTS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "40", "sort_key": 28, "question": "Were Adam and Eve innocent and holy when they came from the hand of God?", "answer": "Adam and Eve were innocent and holy when they came from the hand of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH: ON THE ANGELS AND OUR FIRST PARENTS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "43", "sort_key": 29, "question": "Did Adam and Eve remain faithful to God?", "answer": "Adam and Eve did not remain faithful to God; but broke His command by eating the forbidden fruit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH: ON THE ANGELS AND OUR FIRST PARENTS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "44", "sort_key": 30, "question": "What befell Adam and Eve on account of their sin?", "answer": "Adam and Eve, on account of their sin, lost innocence and holiness, and were doomed to misery and death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH: ON THE ANGELS AND OUR FIRST PARENTS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "45", "sort_key": 31, "question": "What evil befell us through the disobedience of our first parents?", "answer": "Through the disobedience of our first parents we all inherit their sin and punishment, as we should have shared in their happiness if they had remained faithful.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH: ON THE ANGELS AND OUR FIRST PARENTS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "47", "sort_key": 32, "question": "What is the sin called which we inherit from our first parents?", "answer": "The sin which we inherit from our first parents is called original sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH: ON THE ANGELS AND OUR FIRST PARENTS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "50", "sort_key": 33, "question": "Was any one ever preserved from original sin?", "answer": "The Blessed Virgin Mary, through the merits of her Divine Son, was preserved free from the guilt of original sin, and this privilege is called her Immaculate Conception.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH: ON THE ANGELS AND OUR FIRST PARENTS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "51", "sort_key": 34, "question": "Is original sin the only kind of sin?", "answer": "Original sin is not the only kind of sin; there is another kind of sin, which we commit ourselves, called actual sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "52", "sort_key": 35, "question": "What is actual sin?", "answer": "Actual sin is any wilful thought, word, deed or omission contrary to the law of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "53", "sort_key": 36, "question": "How many kinds of actual sin are there?", "answer": "There are two kinds of actual sin--mortal and venial.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "54", "sort_key": 37, "question": "What is mortal sin?", "answer": "Mortal sin is a grievous offense against the law of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "57", "sort_key": 38, "question": "What is venial sin?", "answer": "Venial sin is a slight offense against the law of God in matters of less importance; or in matters of great importance it is an offense committed without sufficient reflection or full consent of the will.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "59", "sort_key": 39, "question": "Which are the chief sources of sin?", "answer": "The chief sources of sin are seven: Pride, Covetousness, Lust, Anger, Gluttony, Envy, and Sloth; and they are commonly called capital sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "60", "sort_key": 40, "question": "Did God abandon man after he fell into sin?", "answer": "God did not abandon man after he fell into sin, but promised him a Redeemer, who was to satisfy for man's sin and reopen to him the gates of heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "61", "sort_key": 41, "question": "Who is the Redeemer?", "answer": "Our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ is the Redeemer of mankind.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "62", "sort_key": 42, "question": "What do you believe of Jesus Christ?", "answer": "I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, the second Person of the Blessed Trinity, true God and true man.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "69", "sort_key": 43, "question": "What do you mean by the Incarnation?", "answer": "By the Incarnation I mean that the Son of God was made man.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "70", "sort_key": 44, "question": "How was the Son of God made man?", "answer": "The Son of God was conceived and made man by the power of the Holy Ghost, in the womb of the Blessed Virgin Mary.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "74", "sort_key": 45, "question": "On what day was the Son of God conceived and made man?", "answer": "The Son of God was conceived and made man on Annunciation day--the day on which the Angel Gabriel announced to the Blessed Virgin Mary that she was to be the Mother of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "75", "sort_key": 46, "question": "On what day was Christ born?", "answer": "Christ was born on Christmas day in a stable at Bethlehem, over nineteen hundred years ago.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "78", "sort_key": 47, "question": "What did Jesus Christ suffer?", "answer": "Jesus Christ suffered a bloody sweat, a cruel scourging, was crowned with thorns, and was crucified.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "79", "sort_key": 48, "question": "On what day did Christ die?", "answer": "Christ died on Good Friday.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "83", "sort_key": 49, "question": "Why did Christ suffer and die?", "answer": "Christ suffered and died for our sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "89", "sort_key": 50, "question": "On what day did Christ rise from the dead?", "answer": "Christ rose from the dead, glorious and immortal, on Easter Sunday, the third day after His death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "91", "sort_key": 51, "question": "After Christ had remained forty days on earth, whither did He go?", "answer": "After forty days Christ ascended into heaven, and the day on which He ascended into heaven is called Ascension day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "94", "sort_key": 52, "question": "Who is the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "The Holy Ghost is the third Person of the Blessed Trinity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "97", "sort_key": 53, "question": "On what day did the Holy Ghost come down upon the Apostles?", "answer": "The Holy Ghost came down upon the Apostles ten days after the Ascension of our Lord; and the day on which He came down upon the Apostles is called Whitsunday, or Pentecost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "99", "sort_key": 54, "question": "Who sent the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles?", "answer": "Our Lord Jesus Christ sent the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "100", "sort_key": 55, "question": "Why did Christ send the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "Christ sent the Holy Ghost to sanctify His Church, to enlighten and strengthen the Apostles, and to enable them to preach the Gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "102", "sort_key": 56, "question": "Which are the chief effects of the Redemption?", "answer": "The chief effects of the Redemption are two: The satisfaction of God's justice by Christ's sufferings and death, and the gaining of grace for men.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "103", "sort_key": 57, "question": "What do you mean by grace?", "answer": "By grace I mean a supernatural gift of God bestowed on us, through the merits of Jesus Christ, for our salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "104", "sort_key": 58, "question": "How many kinds of grace are there?", "answer": "There are two kinds of grace, sanctifying grace and actual grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "105", "sort_key": 59, "question": "What is sanctifying grace?", "answer": "Sanctifying grace is that grace which makes the soul holy and pleasing to God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "110", "sort_key": 60, "question": "What is actual grace?", "answer": "Actual grace is that help of God which enlightens our mind and moves our will to shun evil and do good.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "107", "sort_key": 61, "question": "What is Faith?", "answer": "Faith is a Divine virtue by which we firmly believe the truths which God has revealed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "108", "sort_key": 62, "question": "What is Hope?", "answer": "Hope is a Divine virtue by which we firmly trust that God will give us eternal life and the means to obtain it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "109", "sort_key": 63, "question": "What is Charity?", "answer": "Charity is a Divine virtue by which we love God above all things for His own sake, and our neighbor as ourselves for the love of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "114", "sort_key": 64, "question": "Which are the means instituted by our Lord to enable men at all times to share in the fruits of the Redemption?", "answer": "The means instituted by our Lord to enable men at all times to share in the fruits of His Redemption are the Church and the Sacraments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH: ON THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "115", "sort_key": 65, "question": "What is the Church?", "answer": "The Church is the congregation of all those who profess the faith of Christ, partake of the same Sacraments, and are governed by their lawful pastors under one visible Head.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH: ON THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "116", "sort_key": 66, "question": "Who is the invisible Head of the Church?", "answer": "Jesus Christ is the invisible Head of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH: ON THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "117", "sort_key": 67, "question": "Who is the visible Head of the Church?", "answer": "Our Holy Father the Pope, the Bishop of Rome, is the Vicar of Christ on earth, and the visible Head of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH: ON THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "128", "sort_key": 68, "question": "Has the Church any marks by which it may be known?", "answer": "The Church has four marks by which it may be known: it is One; it is Holy; it is Catholic; it is Apostolic.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH: ON THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "133", "sort_key": 69, "question": "In which Church are these marks found?", "answer": "These marks are found in the Holy Roman Catholic Church alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH: ON THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "136", "sort_key": 70, "question": "What is a Sacrament?", "answer": "A Sacrament is an outward sign instituted by Christ to give grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "137", "sort_key": 71, "question": "How many Sacraments are there?", "answer": "There are seven Sacraments: Baptism, Confirmation, Holy Eucharist, Penance, Extreme Unction, Holy Orders, and Matrimony.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "138", "sort_key": 72, "question": "Whence have the Sacraments the power of giving grace?", "answer": "The Sacraments have the power of giving grace from the merits of Jesus Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "147", "sort_key": 73, "question": "Do the Sacraments always give grace?", "answer": "The Sacraments always give grace, if we receive them with the right dispositions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "148", "sort_key": 74, "question": "Can we receive the Sacraments more than once?", "answer": "We can receive the Sacraments more than once, except Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Orders.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "152", "sort_key": 75, "question": "What is Baptism?", "answer": "Baptism is a Sacrament which cleanses us from original sin, makes us Christians, children of God, and heirs of heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH: ON BAPTISM", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "153", "sort_key": 76, "question": "Are actual sins ever remitted by Baptism?", "answer": "Actual sins and all the punishment due to them are remitted by Baptism, if the person baptized be guilty of any, and is rightly disposed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH: ON BAPTISM", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "154", "sort_key": 77, "question": "Is Baptism necessary to salvation?", "answer": "Baptism is necessary to salvation, because without it we cannot enter into the kingdom of heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH: ON BAPTISM", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "155", "sort_key": 78, "question": "Who can administer Baptism?", "answer": "The priest is the ordinary minister of Baptism; but in case of necessity any one who has the use of reason may baptize.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH: ON BAPTISM", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "156", "sort_key": 79, "question": "How is Baptism given?", "answer": "Whoever baptizes should pour water on the head of the person to be baptized, and say, while pouring the water: I baptize thee in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH: ON BAPTISM", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "166", "sort_key": 80, "question": "What is Confirmation?", "answer": "Confirmation is a Sacrament through which we receive the Holy Ghost to make us strong and perfect Christians and soldiers of Jesus Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON CONFIRMATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "167", "sort_key": 81, "question": "Who administers Confirmation?", "answer": "The bishop is the ordinary minister of Confirmation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON CONFIRMATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "168", "sort_key": 82, "question": "How does the bishop give Confirmation?", "answer": "The bishop extends his hands over those who are to be confirmed, prays that they may receive the Holy Ghost, and anoints the forehead of each with holy chrism in the form of a cross.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON CONFIRMATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "170", "sort_key": 83, "question": "What does the bishop say in anointing the person he confirms?", "answer": "In anointing the person he confirms the bishop says: I sign thee with the sign of the cross, and I confirm thee with the chrism of salvation, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON CONFIRMATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "173", "sort_key": 84, "question": "To receive Confirmation worthily is it necessary to be in the state of grace?", "answer": "To receive Confirmation worthily it is necessary to be in the state of grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON CONFIRMATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "175", "sort_key": 85, "question": "Is it a sin to neglect Confirmation?", "answer": "It is a sin to neglect Confirmation, especially in these evil days when faith and morals are exposed to so many and such violent temptations.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON CONFIRMATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "187", "sort_key": 86, "question": "What is the Sacrament of Penance?", "answer": "Penance is a Sacrament in which the sins committed after Baptism are forgiven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "191", "sort_key": 87, "question": "What must we do to receive the Sacrament of Penance worthily?", "answer": "To receive the Sacrament of Penance worthily we must do five things:", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "192", "sort_key": 88, "question": "What is the examination of conscience?", "answer": "The examination of conscience is an earnest effort to recall to mind all the sins we have committed since our last worthy confession.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "195", "sort_key": 89, "question": "What is contrition, or sorrow for sin?", "answer": "Contrition, or sorrow for sin, is a hatred of sin and a true grief of the soul for having offended God, with a firm purpose of sinning no more.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH: ON CONTRITION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "201", "sort_key": 90, "question": "Why should we be sorry for our sins?", "answer": "We should be sorry for our sins, because sin is the greatest of evils and an offense against God our Creator, Preserver, and Redeemer, and because mortal sin shuts us out of heaven and condemns us to the eternal pains of hell.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH: ON CONTRITION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "206", "sort_key": 91, "question": "What do you mean by a firm purpose of sinning no more?", "answer": "By a firm purpose of sinning no more I mean a fixed resolve not only to avoid all mortal sin, but also its near occasions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH: ON CONTRITION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "207", "sort_key": 92, "question": "What do you mean by the near occasions of sin?", "answer": "By the near occasions of sin I mean all the persons, places, and things that may easily lead us into sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH: ON CONTRITION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "208", "sort_key": 93, "question": "What is Confession?", "answer": "Confession is the telling of our sins to a duly authorized priest, for the purpose of obtaining forgiveness.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "209", "sort_key": 94, "question": "What sins are we bound to confess?", "answer": "We are bound to confess all our mortal sins, but it is well also to confess our venial sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "214", "sort_key": 95, "question": "What should we do if we cannot remember the number of our sins?", "answer": "If we cannot remember the number of our sins, we should tell the number as nearly as possible.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "216", "sort_key": 96, "question": "Is it a grievous offense wilfully to conceal a mortal sin in Confession?", "answer": "It is a grievous offense wilfully to conceal a mortal sin in Confession, because we thereby tell a lie to the Holy Ghost, and make our Confession worthless.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "217", "sort_key": 97, "question": "What must he do who has wilfully concealed a mortal sin in Confession?", "answer": "He who has wilfully concealed a mortal sin in Confession must not only confess it, but must also repeat all the sins he has committed since his last worthy Confession.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "218", "sort_key": 98, "question": "Why does the priest give us a penance after Confession?", "answer": "The priest gives us a penance after Confession that we may satisfy God for the temporal punishment due to our sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "231", "sort_key": 99, "question": "What is an Indulgence?", "answer": "An Indulgence is the remission in whole or in part of the temporal punishment due to sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH: ON INDULGENCES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "233", "sort_key": 100, "question": "How many kinds of Indulgences are there?", "answer": "There are two kinds of Indulgences--Plenary and Partial.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH: ON INDULGENCES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "234", "sort_key": 101, "question": "What is a Plenary Indulgence?", "answer": "A Plenary Indulgence is the full remission of the temporal punishment due to sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH: ON INDULGENCES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "235", "sort_key": 102, "question": "What is a Partial Indulgence?", "answer": "A Partial Indulgence is the remission of a part of the temporal punishment due to sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH: ON INDULGENCES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "237", "sort_key": 103, "question": "What must we do to gain an Indulgence?", "answer": "To gain an Indulgence we must be in the state of grace and perform the works enjoined.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH: ON INDULGENCES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "238", "sort_key": 104, "question": "What is the Holy Eucharist?", "answer": "The Holy Eucharist is the Sacrament which contains the body and blood, soul and divinity, of our Lord Jesus Christ under the appearances of bread and wine.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "245", "sort_key": 105, "question": "What do you mean by the appearances of bread and wine?", "answer": "By the appearances of bread and wine I mean the figure, the color, the taste, and whatever appears to the senses.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "249", "sort_key": 106, "question": "When did Christ give His priests the power to change bread and wine into His body and blood?", "answer": "Christ gave His priests the power to change bread and wine into His body and blood when He said to the Apostles, Do this for a commemoration of Me.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "250", "sort_key": 107, "question": "How do the priests exercise this power of changing bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ?", "answer": "The priests exercise this power of changing bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ through the words of consecration in the Mass, which are the words of Christ: This is My body; this is My blood.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "251", "sort_key": 108, "question": "Why did Christ institute the Holy Eucharist?", "answer": "Christ instituted the Holy Eucharist--", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "253", "sort_key": 109, "question": "What is Holy Communion?", "answer": "Holy Communion is the receiving of the body and blood of Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "254", "sort_key": 110, "question": "What is necessary to make a good Communion?", "answer": "To make a good Communion it is necessary to be in the state of grace and to be fasting for one hour from food and all drinks, except water.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "255", "sort_key": 111, "question": "Does he who receives Communion in mortal sin receive the body and blood of Christ?", "answer": "He who receives Communion in mortal sin receives the body and blood of Christ, but does not receive His grace, and he commits a great sacrilege.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "262", "sort_key": 112, "question": "When are the bread and wine changed into the body and blood of Christ?", "answer": "The bread and wine are changed into the body and blood of Christ at the consecration in the Mass.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "263", "sort_key": 113, "question": "What is the Mass?", "answer": "The Mass is the unbloody sacrifice of the body and blood of Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "265", "sort_key": 114, "question": "Is the Mass the same sacrifice as that of the cross?", "answer": "The Mass is the same sacrifice as that of the cross.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "269", "sort_key": 115, "question": "How should we assist at Mass?", "answer": "We should assist at Mass with great interior recollection and piety, and with every outward mark of respect and devotion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "271", "sort_key": 116, "question": "What is the Sacrament of Extreme Unction?", "answer": "Extreme Unction is the Sacrament which, through the anointing and prayer of the priest, gives health and strength to the soul, and sometimes to the body, when we are in danger of death from sickness.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "274", "sort_key": 117, "question": "Which are the effects of the Sacrament of Extreme Unction?", "answer": "The effects of Extreme Unction are: 1st, to comfort us in the pains of sickness and to strengthen us against temptation; 2d, to remit venial sins and to cleanse our soul from the remains of sin; 3d, to restore us to health, when God sees fit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "278", "sort_key": 118, "question": "What is the Sacrament of Holy Orders?", "answer": "Holy Orders is a Sacrament by which bishops, priests, and other ministers of the Church are ordained and receive the power and grace to perform their sacred duties.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "282", "sort_key": 119, "question": "What is the Sacrament of Matrimony?", "answer": "The Sacrament of Matrimony is the Sacrament which unites a Christian man and woman in lawful marriage.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND: ON MATRIMONY", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "285", "sort_key": 120, "question": "Which are the effects of the Sacrament of Matrimony?", "answer": "The effects of the Sacrament of Matrimony are: 1st, to sanctify the love of husband and wife; 2d, to give them grace to bear with each other's weaknesses; 3d, to enable them to bring up their children in the fear and love of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND: ON MATRIMONY", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "286", "sort_key": 121, "question": "To receive the Sacrament of matrimony worthily is it necessary to be in the state of grace?", "answer": "To receive the Sacrament of Matrimony worthily it is necessary to be in the state of grace, and it is necessary also to comply with the laws of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND: ON MATRIMONY", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "292", "sort_key": 122, "question": "What is a sacramental?", "answer": "A sacramental is anything set apart or blessed by the Church to excite good thoughts and to increase devotion, and through these movements of the heart to remit venial sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD: ON THE SACRAMENTALS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "294", "sort_key": 123, "question": "Which is the chief sacramental used in the Church?", "answer": "The chief sacramental used in the Church is the sign of the cross.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD: ON THE SACRAMENTALS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "295", "sort_key": 124, "question": "How do we make the sign of the cross?", "answer": "We make the sign of the cross by putting the right hand to the forehead, then on the breast, and then to the left and right shoulders, saying, In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD: ON THE SACRAMENTALS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "296", "sort_key": 125, "question": "Why do we make the sign of the cross?", "answer": "We make the sign of the cross to show that we are Christians and to profess our belief in the chief mysteries of our religion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD: ON THE SACRAMENTALS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "300", "sort_key": 126, "question": "What other sacramental is in very frequent use?", "answer": "Another sacramental in very frequent use is holy water.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD: ON THE SACRAMENTALS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "301", "sort_key": 127, "question": "What is holy water?", "answer": "Holy water is water blessed by the priest with solemn prayer to beg God's blessing on those who use it, and protection from the powers of darkness.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD: ON THE SACRAMENTALS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "302", "sort_key": 128, "question": "Are there other sacramentals besides the sign of the cross and holy water?", "answer": "Besides the sign of the cross and holy water there are many other sacramentals, such as blessed candles, ashes, palms, crucifixes, images of the Blessed Virgin and of the saints, rosaries and scapulars.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD: ON THE SACRAMENTALS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "303", "sort_key": 129, "question": "Is there any other means of obtaining God's grace than the Sacraments?", "answer": "There is another means of obtaining God's grace, and it is prayer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH: ON PRAYER", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "304", "sort_key": 130, "question": "What is prayer?", "answer": "Prayer is the lifting up of our minds and hearts to God to adore Him, to thank Him for His benefits, to ask His forgiveness, and to beg of Him all the graces we need, whether for soul or body.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH: ON PRAYER", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "305", "sort_key": 131, "question": "Is prayer necessary to salvation?", "answer": "Prayer is necessary to salvation, and without it no one having the use of reason can be saved.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH: ON PRAYER", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "306", "sort_key": 132, "question": "At what particular times should we pray?", "answer": "We should pray particularly on Sundays and holydays, every morning and night, in all dangers, temptations, and afflictions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH: ON PRAYER", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "308", "sort_key": 133, "question": "Which are the prayers most recommended to us?", "answer": "The prayers most recommended to us are the Lord's Prayer, the Hail Mary, the Apostles' Creed, the Confiteor, and the Acts of Faith, Hope, Love and Contrition.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH: ON PRAYER", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "309", "sort_key": 134, "question": "Are prayers said with distractions of any avail?", "answer": "Prayers said with wilful distractions are of no avail.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH: ON PRAYER", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "310", "sort_key": 135, "question": "Is it enough to belong to God's Church in order to be saved?", "answer": "It is not enough to belong to the Church in order to be saved, but we must also keep the Commandments of God and of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "313", "sort_key": 136, "question": "Which are the Commandments of God?", "answer": "The Commandments of God are these ten:", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "315", "sort_key": 137, "question": "What is the first Commandment?", "answer": "The first Commandment is: I am the Lord thy God: thou shalt not have strange gods before Me.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH: ON THE FIRST COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "317", "sort_key": 138, "question": "How do we adore God?", "answer": "We adore God by faith, hope, and love, by prayer and sacrifice.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH: ON THE FIRST COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "318", "sort_key": 139, "question": "How may the first Commandment be broken?", "answer": "The first Commandment may be broken by giving to a creature the honor which belongs to God alone; by false worship; and by attributing to a creature a perfection which belongs to God alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH: ON THE FIRST COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "320", "sort_key": 140, "question": "Are sins against faith, hope, and charity also sins against the first Commandment?", "answer": "Sins against faith, hope, and charity are also sins against the first Commandment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH: ON THE FIRST COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "321", "sort_key": 141, "question": "How does a person sin against faith?", "answer": "A person sins against faith: 1st, by not trying to know what God has taught; 2d, by refusing to believe all that God has taught; 3d, by neglecting to profess his belief in what God has taught.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH: ON THE FIRST COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "326", "sort_key": 142, "question": "Are we obliged to make open profession of our faith?", "answer": "We are obliged to make open profession of our faith as often as God's honor, our neighbor's spiritual good, or our own requires it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH: ON THE FIRST COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "327", "sort_key": 143, "question": "Which are the sins against hope?", "answer": "The sins against hope are presumption and despair.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH: ON THE FIRST COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "328", "sort_key": 144, "question": "What is presumption?", "answer": "Presumption is a rash expectation of salvation without making proper use of the necessary means to obtain it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH: ON THE FIRST COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "329", "sort_key": 145, "question": "What is despair?", "answer": "Despair is the loss of hope in God's mercy.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH: ON THE FIRST COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "331", "sort_key": 146, "question": "Does the first Commandment forbid the honoring of the saints?", "answer": "The first Commandment does not forbid the honoring of the saints, but rather approves of it, because by honoring the saints, who are the chosen friends of God, we honor God Himself.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH: THE FIRST COMMANDMENT--ON THE HONOR AND INVOCATION OF SAINTS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "332", "sort_key": 147, "question": "Does the first Commandment forbid us to pray to the saints?", "answer": "The first Commandment does not forbid us to pray to the saints.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH: THE FIRST COMMANDMENT--ON THE HONOR AND INVOCATION OF SAINTS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "333", "sort_key": 148, "question": "What do we mean by praying to the saints?", "answer": "By praying to the saints we mean the asking of their help and prayers.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH: THE FIRST COMMANDMENT--ON THE HONOR AND INVOCATION OF SAINTS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "340", "sort_key": 149, "question": "Does the first Commandment forbid us to honor relics?", "answer": "The first Commandment does not forbid us to honor relics, because relics are the bodies of the saints or objects directly connected with them or with our Lord.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH: THE FIRST COMMANDMENT--ON THE HONOR AND INVOCATION OF SAINTS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "341", "sort_key": 150, "question": "Does the first Commandment forbid the making of images?", "answer": "The first Commandment does forbid the making of images if they are made to be adored as gods, but it does not forbid the making of them to put us in mind of Jesus Christ, His Blessed Mother, and the saints.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH: THE FIRST COMMANDMENT--ON THE HONOR AND INVOCATION OF SAINTS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "342", "sort_key": 151, "question": "Is it right to show respect to the pictures and images of Christ and His saints?", "answer": "It is right to show respect to the pictures and images of Christ and His saints, because they are the representations and memorials of them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH: THE FIRST COMMANDMENT--ON THE HONOR AND INVOCATION OF SAINTS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "343", "sort_key": 152, "question": "Is it allowed to pray to the crucifix or to the images and relics of the saints?", "answer": "It is not allowed to pray to the crucifix or images and relics of the saints, for they have no life, nor power to help us, nor sense to hear us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH: THE FIRST COMMANDMENT--ON THE HONOR AND INVOCATION OF SAINTS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "344", "sort_key": 153, "question": "Why do we pray before the crucifix and the images and relics of the saints?", "answer": "We pray before the crucifix and images and relics of the saints because they enliven our devotion by exciting pious affections and desires, and by reminding us of Christ and of the saints, that we may imitate their virtues.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH: THE FIRST COMMANDMENT--ON THE HONOR AND INVOCATION OF SAINTS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "345", "sort_key": 154, "question": "What is the second Commandment?", "answer": "The second Commandment is: Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH: FROM THE SECOND TO THE FOURTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "346", "sort_key": 155, "question": "What are we commanded by the second Commandment?", "answer": "We are commanded by the second Commandment to speak with reverence of God and of the saints, and of all holy things, and to keep our lawful oaths and vows.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH: FROM THE SECOND TO THE FOURTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "347", "sort_key": 156, "question": "What is an oath?", "answer": "An oath is the calling upon God to witness the truth of what we say.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH: FROM THE SECOND TO THE FOURTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "350", "sort_key": 157, "question": "What is a vow?", "answer": "A vow is a deliberate promise made to God to do something that is pleasing to Him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH: FROM THE SECOND TO THE FOURTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "351", "sort_key": 158, "question": "Is it a sin not to fulfill our vows?", "answer": "Not to fulfill our vows is a sin, mortal or venial, according to the nature of the vow and the intention we had in making it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH: FROM THE SECOND TO THE FOURTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "352", "sort_key": 159, "question": "What is forbidden by the second Commandment?", "answer": "The second Commandment forbids all false, rash, unjust, and unnecessary oaths, blasphemy, cursing, and profane words.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH: FROM THE SECOND TO THE FOURTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "353", "sort_key": 160, "question": "What is the third Commandment?", "answer": "The third Commandment is: Remember thou keep holy the Sabbath day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH: FROM THE SECOND TO THE FOURTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "355", "sort_key": 161, "question": "How are we to worship God on Sundays and holydays of obligation?", "answer": "We are to worship God on Sundays and holydays of obligation by hearing Mass, by prayer, and by other good works.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH: FROM THE SECOND TO THE FOURTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "358", "sort_key": 162, "question": "What is forbidden by the third Commandment?", "answer": "The third Commandment forbids all unnecessary servile work and whatever else may hinder the due observance of the Lord's day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH: FROM THE SECOND TO THE FOURTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "359", "sort_key": 163, "question": "What are servile works?", "answer": "Servile works are those which require labor rather of body than of mind.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH: FROM THE SECOND TO THE FOURTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "360", "sort_key": 164, "question": "Are servile works on Sunday ever lawful?", "answer": "Servile works are lawful on Sunday when the honor of God, the good of our neighbor, or necessity requires them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH: FROM THE SECOND TO THE FOURTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "361", "sort_key": 165, "question": "What is the fourth Commandment?", "answer": "The fourth Commandment is: Honor thy father and thy mother.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "362", "sort_key": 166, "question": "What are we commanded by the fourth Commandment?", "answer": "We are commanded by the fourth Commandment to honor, love, and obey our parents in all that is not sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "363", "sort_key": 167, "question": "Are we bound to honor and obey others than our parents?", "answer": "We are also bound to honor and obey our bishops, pastors, magistrates, teachers, and other lawful superiors.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "365", "sort_key": 168, "question": "What is forbidden by the fourth Commandment?", "answer": "The fourth Commandment forbids all disobedience, contempt, and stubbornness towards our parents or lawful superiors.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "366", "sort_key": 169, "question": "What is the fifth Commandment?", "answer": "The fifth Commandment is: Thou shalt not kill.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "367", "sort_key": 170, "question": "What are we commanded by the fifth Commandment?", "answer": "We are commanded by the fifth Commandment to live in peace and union with our neighbor, to respect his rights, to seek his spiritual and bodily welfare, and to take proper care of our own life and health.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "368", "sort_key": 171, "question": "What is forbidden by the fifth Commandment?", "answer": "The fifth Commandment forbids all wilful murder, fighting, anger, hatred, revenge, and bad example.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "369", "sort_key": 172, "question": "What is the sixth Commandment?", "answer": "The sixth Commandment is: Thou shalt not commit adultery.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "370", "sort_key": 173, "question": "What are we commanded by the sixth Commandment?", "answer": "We are commanded by the sixth Commandment to be pure in thought and modest in all our looks, words, and actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "371", "sort_key": 174, "question": "What is forbidden by the sixth Commandment?", "answer": "The sixth commandment forbids all unchaste freedom with another's wife or husband; also all immodesty with ourselves or others in looks, dress, words, or actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "372", "sort_key": 175, "question": "Does the sixth Commandment forbid the reading of bad and immodest books and newspapers?", "answer": "The sixth Commandment does forbid the reading of bad and immodest books and newspapers.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "373", "sort_key": 176, "question": "What is the seventh Commandment?", "answer": "The seventh Commandment is: Thou shalt not steal.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "374", "sort_key": 177, "question": "What are we commanded by the seventh Commandment?", "answer": "By the seventh Commandment we are commanded to give to all men what belongs to them and to respect their property.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "375", "sort_key": 178, "question": "What is forbidden by the seventh Commandment?", "answer": "The seventh Commandment forbids all unjust taking or keeping what belongs to another.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "376", "sort_key": 179, "question": "Are we bound to restore ill-gotten goods?", "answer": "We are bound to restore ill-gotten goods, or the value of them, as far as we are able; otherwise we cannot be forgiven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "377", "sort_key": 180, "question": "Are we obliged to repair the damage we have unjustly caused?", "answer": "We are bound to repair the damage we have unjustly caused.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "378", "sort_key": 181, "question": "What is the eighth Commandment?", "answer": "The eighth Commandment is: Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "379", "sort_key": 182, "question": "What are we commanded by the eighth Commandment?", "answer": "We are commanded by the eighth Commandment to speak the truth in all things, and to be careful of the honor and reputation of every one.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "380", "sort_key": 183, "question": "What is forbidden by the eighth Commandment?", "answer": "The eighth Commandment forbids all rash judgments, backbiting, slanders, and lies.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "382", "sort_key": 184, "question": "What is the ninth Commandment?", "answer": "The ninth Commandment is: Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "383", "sort_key": 185, "question": "What are we commanded by the ninth Commandment?", "answer": "We are commanded by the ninth Commandment to keep ourselves pure in thought and desire.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "384", "sort_key": 186, "question": "What is forbidden by the ninth Commandment?", "answer": "The ninth Commandment forbids unchaste thoughts, desires of another's wife or husband, and all other unlawful impure thoughts and desires.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "386", "sort_key": 187, "question": "What is the tenth Commandment?", "answer": "The tenth Commandment is: Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's goods.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "387", "sort_key": 188, "question": "What are we commanded by the tenth Commandment?", "answer": "By the tenth Commandment we are commanded to be content with what we have, and to rejoice in our neighbor's welfare.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "388", "sort_key": 189, "question": "What is forbidden by the tenth Commandment?", "answer": "The tenth Commandment forbids all desires to take or keep wrongfully what belongs to another.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "389", "sort_key": 190, "question": "Which are the chief commandments of the Church?", "answer": "The chief commandments of the Church are six:", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "390", "sort_key": 191, "question": "Is it a mortal sin not to hear Mass on a Sunday or a holyday of obligation?", "answer": "It is a mortal sin not to hear Mass on a Sunday or a holyday of obligation unless we are excused for a serious reason. They also commit a mortal sin who, having others under their charge, hinder them from hearing Mass, without a sufficient reason.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "393", "sort_key": 192, "question": "What do you mean by fast-days?", "answer": "By fast-days I mean days on which we are allowed but one full meal.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "394", "sort_key": 193, "question": "What do you mean by days of abstinence?", "answer": "By days of abstinence, I mean days on which we are forbidden to eat flesh-meat, but are allowed the usual number of meals.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "395", "sort_key": 194, "question": "Why does the Church command us to fast and abstain?", "answer": "The Church commands us to fast and abstain in order that we may mortify our passions and satisfy for our sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "397", "sort_key": 195, "question": "What is meant by the command of confessing at least once a year?", "answer": "By the command of confessing at least once a year is meant that we are obliged, under pain of mortal sin, to go to Confession within the year.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "400", "sort_key": 196, "question": "What sin does he commit who neglects to receive Communion during the Easter time?", "answer": "He who neglects to receive Communion during the Easter time commits a mortal sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "401", "sort_key": 197, "question": "What is the Easter time?", "answer": "The Easter time is, in this country, the time between the first Sunday of Lent and Trinity Sunday.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "402", "sort_key": 198, "question": "Are we obliged to contribute to the support of our pastors?", "answer": "We are obliged to contribute to the support of our pastors, and to bear our share in the expenses of the Church and school.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "408", "sort_key": 199, "question": "When will Christ judge us?", "answer": "Christ will judge us immediately after our death, and on the last day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "409", "sort_key": 200, "question": "What is the judgment called which we have to undergo immediately after death?", "answer": "The judgment we have to undergo immediately after death is called the Particular Judgment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "410", "sort_key": 201, "question": "What is the judgment called which all men have to undergo on the last day?", "answer": "The judgment which all men have to undergo on the last day is called the General Judgment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "412", "sort_key": 202, "question": "What are the rewards or punishments appointed for men's souls after the Particular Judgment?", "answer": "The rewards or punishments appointed for men's souls after the Particular Judgment are Heaven, Purgatory, and Hell.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "413", "sort_key": 203, "question": "What is Hell?", "answer": "Hell is a state to which the wicked are condemned, and in which they are deprived of the sight of God for all eternity, and are in dreadful torments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "414", "sort_key": 204, "question": "What is Purgatory?", "answer": "Purgatory is a state in which those suffer for a time who die guilty of venial sins, or without having satisfied for the punishment due to their sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "417", "sort_key": 205, "question": "Will our bodies share in the reward or punishment of our souls?", "answer": "Our bodies will share in the reward or punishment of our souls, because through the resurrection they will again be united to them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 1", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14551/pg14551.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-1", "item_id": "420", "sort_key": 206, "question": "What is Heaven?", "answer": "Heaven is the state of everlasting life in which we see God face to face, are made like unto Him in glory, and enjoy eternal happiness.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "1", "sort_key": 1, "question": "Who made the world?", "answer": "God made the world.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST: ON THE END OF MAN", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "2", "sort_key": 2, "question": "Who is God?", "answer": "God is the Creator of heaven and earth, and of all things.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST: ON THE END OF MAN", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "3", "sort_key": 3, "question": "What is man?", "answer": "Man is a creature composed of body and soul, and made to the image and likeness of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST: ON THE END OF MAN", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "4", "sort_key": 4, "question": "Is this likeness in the body or in the soul?", "answer": "This likeness is chiefly in the soul.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST: ON THE END OF MAN", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "5", "sort_key": 5, "question": "How is the soul like to God?", "answer": "The soul is like God because it is a spirit that will never die, and has understanding and free will.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST: ON THE END OF MAN", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "6", "sort_key": 6, "question": "Why did God make you?", "answer": "God made me to know Him, to love Him, and to serve Him in this world, and to be happy with Him forever in the next.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST: ON THE END OF MAN", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "7", "sort_key": 7, "question": "Of which must we take more care, our soul or our body?", "answer": "We must take more care of our soul than of our body.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST: ON THE END OF MAN", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "8", "sort_key": 8, "question": "Why must we take more care of our soul than of our body?", "answer": "We must take more care of our soul than of our body, because in losing our soul we lose God and everlasting happiness.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST: ON THE END OF MAN", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "9", "sort_key": 9, "question": "What must we do to save our souls?", "answer": "To save our souls we must worship God by faith, hope, and charity; that is, we must believe in Him, hope in Him, and love Him with all our heart.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST: ON THE END OF MAN", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "10", "sort_key": 10, "question": "How shall we know the things which we are to believe?", "answer": "We shall know the things which we are to believe from the Catholic Church, through which God speaks to us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST: ON THE END OF MAN", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "11", "sort_key": 11, "question": "Where shall we find the chief truths which the Church teaches?", "answer": "We shall find the chief truths which the Church teaches in the Apostles' Creed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST: ON THE END OF MAN", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "12", "sort_key": 12, "question": "Say the Apostles' Creed.", "answer": "I believe in God, the Father Almighty, Creator of heaven and earth; and in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord; who was conceived by the Holy Ghost, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified; died, and was buried. He descended into hell: the third day He arose again from the dead: He ascended into heaven, and sitteth at the right hand of God, the Father Almighty; from thence He shall come to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Ghost, the Holy Catholic Church, the communion of Saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting. Amen.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST: ON THE END OF MAN", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "13", "sort_key": 13, "question": "What is God?", "answer": "God is a spirit infinitely perfect.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "14", "sort_key": 14, "question": "Had God a beginning?", "answer": "God had no beginning; He always was and He always will be.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "15", "sort_key": 15, "question": "Where is God?", "answer": "God is everywhere.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "16", "sort_key": 16, "question": "If God is everywhere, why do we not see Him?", "answer": "We do not see God, because He is a pure spirit and cannot be seen with bodily eyes.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "17", "sort_key": 17, "question": "Does God see us?", "answer": "God sees us and watches over us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "18", "sort_key": 18, "question": "Does God know all things?", "answer": "God knows all things, even our most secret thoughts, words, and actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "19", "sort_key": 19, "question": "Can God do all things?", "answer": "God can do all things, and nothing is hard or impossible to Him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "20", "sort_key": 20, "question": "Is God just, holy, and merciful?", "answer": "God is all just, all holy, all merciful, as He is infinitely perfect.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "21", "sort_key": 21, "question": "Is there but one God?", "answer": "Yes; there is but one God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "22", "sort_key": 22, "question": "Why can there be but one God?", "answer": "There can be but one God, because God, being supreme and infinite, cannot have an equal.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "23", "sort_key": 23, "question": "How many Persons are there in God?", "answer": "In God there are three Divine Persons, really distinct, and equal in all things--the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "24", "sort_key": 24, "question": "Is the Father God?", "answer": "The Father is God and the first Person of the Blessed Trinity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "25", "sort_key": 25, "question": "Is the Son God?", "answer": "The Son is God and the second Person of the Blessed Trinity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "26", "sort_key": 26, "question": "Is the Holy Ghost God?", "answer": "The Holy Ghost is God and the third Person of the Blessed Trinity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "27", "sort_key": 27, "question": "What do you mean by the Blessed Trinity?", "answer": "By the Blessed Trinity I mean one God in three Divine Persons.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "28", "sort_key": 28, "question": "Are the three Divine Persons equal in all things?", "answer": "The three Divine Persons are equal in all things.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "29", "sort_key": 29, "question": "Are the three Divine Persons one and the same God?", "answer": "The three Divine Persons are one and the same God, having one and the same Divine nature and substance.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "30", "sort_key": 30, "question": "Can we fully understand how the three Divine Persons are one and the same God?", "answer": "We cannot fully understand how the three Divine Persons are one and the same God, because this is a mystery.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "31", "sort_key": 31, "question": "What is a mystery?", "answer": "A mystery is a truth which we cannot fully understand.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "32", "sort_key": 32, "question": "Who created heaven and earth, and all things?", "answer": "God created heaven and earth, and all things.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH: ON CREATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "33", "sort_key": 33, "question": "How did God create heaven and earth?", "answer": "God created heaven and earth from nothing by His word only; that is, by a single act of His all-powerful will.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH: ON CREATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "34", "sort_key": 34, "question": "Which are the chief creatures of God?", "answer": "The chief creatures of God are angels and men.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH: ON CREATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "35", "sort_key": 35, "question": "What are angels?", "answer": "Angels are pure spirits without a body, created to adore and enjoy God in heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH: ON CREATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "36", "sort_key": 36, "question": "Were the angels created for any other purpose?", "answer": "The angels were also created to assist before the throne of God and to minister unto Him; they have often been sent as messengers from God to man; and are also appointed our guardians.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH: ON CREATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "37", "sort_key": 37, "question": "Were the angels, as God created them, good and happy?", "answer": "The angels, as God created them, were good and happy.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH: ON CREATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "38", "sort_key": 38, "question": "Did all the angels remain good and happy?", "answer": "All the angels did not remain good and happy; many of them sinned and were cast into hell, and these are called devils or bad angels.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH: ON CREATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "39", "sort_key": 39, "question": "Who were the first man and woman?", "answer": "The first man and woman were Adam and Eve.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "40", "sort_key": 40, "question": "Were Adam and Eve innocent and holy when they came from the hand of God?", "answer": "Adam and Eve were innocent and holy when they came from the hand of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "41", "sort_key": 41, "question": "Did God give any command to Adam and Eve?", "answer": "To try their obedience God commanded Adam and Eve not to eat of a certain fruit which grew in the garden of Paradise.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "42", "sort_key": 42, "question": "Which were the chief blessings intended for Adam and Eve had they remained faithful to God?", "answer": "The chief blessings intended for Adam and Eve, had they remained faithful to God, were a constant state of happiness in this life and everlasting glory in the next.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "43", "sort_key": 43, "question": "Did Adam and Eve remain faithful to God?", "answer": "Adam and Eve did not remain faithful to God; but broke His command by eating the forbidden fruit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "44", "sort_key": 44, "question": "What befell Adam and Eve on account of their sin?", "answer": "Adam and Eve, on account of their sin, lost innocence and holiness, and were doomed to sickness and death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "45", "sort_key": 45, "question": "What evil befell us on account of the disobedience of our first parents?", "answer": "On account of the disobedience of our first parents, we all share in their sin and punishment, as we should have shared in their happiness if they had remained faithful.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "46", "sort_key": 46, "question": "What other effects followed from the sin of our first parents?", "answer": "Our nature was corrupted by the sin of our first parents, which darkened our understanding, weakened our will, and left in us a strong inclination to evil.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "47", "sort_key": 47, "question": "What is the sin called which we inherit from our first parents?", "answer": "The sin which we inherit from our first parents is called original sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "48", "sort_key": 48, "question": "Why is this sin called original?", "answer": "This sin is called original because it comes down to us from our first parents, and we are brought into the world with its guilt on our soul.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "49", "sort_key": 49, "question": "Does this corruption of our nature remain in us after original sin is forgiven?", "answer": "This corruption of our nature and other punishments remain in us after original sin is forgiven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "50", "sort_key": 50, "question": "Was any one ever preserved from original sin?", "answer": "The Blessed Virgin Mary, through the merits of her Divine Son, was preserved free from the guilt of original sin, and this privilege is called her Immaculate Conception.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "51", "sort_key": 51, "question": "Is original sin the only kind of sin?", "answer": "Original sin is not the only kind of sin; there is another kind of sin, which we commit ourselves, called actual sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "52", "sort_key": 52, "question": "What is actual sin?", "answer": "Actual sin is any wilful thought, word, deed, or omission contrary to the law of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "53", "sort_key": 53, "question": "How many kinds of actual sin are there?", "answer": "There are two kinds of actual sin--mortal and venial.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "54", "sort_key": 54, "question": "What is mortal sin?", "answer": "Mortal sin is a grievous offense against the law of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "55", "sort_key": 55, "question": "Why is this sin called mortal?", "answer": "This sin is called mortal because it deprives us of spiritual life, which is sanctifying grace, and brings everlasting death and damnation on the soul.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "56", "sort_key": 56, "question": "How many things are necessary to make a sin mortal?", "answer": "To make a sin mortal three things are necessary: a grievous matter, sufficient reflection, and full consent of the will.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "57", "sort_key": 57, "question": "What is venial sin?", "answer": "Venial sin is a slight offense against the law of God in matters of less importance, or in matters of great importance it is an offense committed without sufficient reflection or full consent of the will.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "58", "sort_key": 58, "question": "Which are the effects of venial sin?", "answer": "The effects of venial sin are the lessening of the love of God in our heart, the making us less worthy of His help, and the weakening of the power to resist mortal sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "59", "sort_key": 59, "question": "Which are the chief sources of sin?", "answer": "The chief sources of sin are seven: Pride, Covetousness, Lust, Anger, Gluttony, Envy, and Sloth; and they are commonly called capital sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "60", "sort_key": 60, "question": "Did God abandon man after he fell into sin?", "answer": "God did not abandon man after he fell into sin, but promised him a Redeemer, who was to satisfy for man's sin and reopen to him the gates of heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "61", "sort_key": 61, "question": "Who is the Redeemer?", "answer": "Our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ is the Redeemer of mankind.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "62", "sort_key": 62, "question": "What do you believe of Jesus Christ?", "answer": "I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, the second Person of the Blessed Trinity, true God and true man.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "63", "sort_key": 63, "question": "Why is Jesus Christ true God?", "answer": "Jesus Christ is true God because He is the true and only Son of God the Father.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "64", "sort_key": 64, "question": "Why is Jesus Christ true man?", "answer": "Jesus Christ is true man because He is the Son of the Blessed Virgin Mary and has a body and soul like ours.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "65", "sort_key": 65, "question": "How many natures are there in Jesus Christ?", "answer": "In Jesus Christ there are two natures, the nature of God and the nature of man.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "66", "sort_key": 66, "question": "Is Jesus Christ more than one person?", "answer": "No, Jesus Christ is but one Divine Person.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "67", "sort_key": 67, "question": "Was Jesus Christ always God?", "answer": "Jesus Christ was always God, as He is the second Person of the Blessed Trinity, equal to His Father from all eternity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "68", "sort_key": 68, "question": "Was Jesus Christ always man?", "answer": "Jesus Christ was not always man, but became man at the time of His Incarnation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "69", "sort_key": 69, "question": "What do you mean by the Incarnation?", "answer": "By the Incarnation I mean that the Son of God was made man.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "70", "sort_key": 70, "question": "How was the Son of God made man?", "answer": "The Son of God was conceived and made man by the power of the Holy Ghost, in the womb of the Blessed Virgin Mary.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "71", "sort_key": 71, "question": "Is the Blessed Virgin Mary truly the Mother of God?", "answer": "The Blessed Virgin Mary is truly the Mother of God, because the same Divine Person who is the Son of God is also the Son of the Blessed Virgin Mary.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "72", "sort_key": 72, "question": "Did the Son of God become man immediately after the sin of our first parents?", "answer": "The Son of God did not become man immediately after the sin of our first parents, but was promised to them as a Redeemer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "73", "sort_key": 73, "question": "How could they be saved who lived before the Son of God became man?", "answer": "They who lived before the Son of God became man could be saved by believing in a Redeemer to come, and by keeping the commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "74", "sort_key": 74, "question": "On what day was the Son of God conceived and made man?", "answer": "The Son of God was conceived and made man on Annunciation day--the day on which the Angel Gabriel announced to the Blessed Virgin Mary that she was to be the Mother of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "75", "sort_key": 75, "question": "On what day was Christ born?", "answer": "Christ was born on Christmas day in a stable at Bethlehem, over nineteen hundred years ago.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "76", "sort_key": 76, "question": "How long did Christ live on earth?", "answer": "Christ lived on earth about thirty-three years, and led a most holy life in poverty and suffering.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "77", "sort_key": 77, "question": "Why did Christ live so long on earth?", "answer": "Christ lived so long on earth to show us the way to heaven by His teachings and example.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "78", "sort_key": 78, "question": "What did Jesus Christ suffer?", "answer": "Jesus Christ suffered a bloody sweat, a cruel scourging, was crowned with thorns, and was crucified.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "79", "sort_key": 79, "question": "On what day did Christ die?", "answer": "Christ died on Good Friday.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "80", "sort_key": 80, "question": "Why do you call that day \"good\" on which Christ died so sorrowful a death?", "answer": "We call that day \"good\" on which Christ died because by His death He showed His great love for man, and purchased for him every blessing.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "81", "sort_key": 81, "question": "Where did Christ die?", "answer": "Christ died on Mount Calvary.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "82", "sort_key": 82, "question": "How did Christ die?", "answer": "Christ was nailed to the Cross and died on it between two thieves.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "83", "sort_key": 83, "question": "Why did Christ suffer and die?", "answer": "Christ suffered and died for our sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "84", "sort_key": 84, "question": "What lessons do we learn from the sufferings and death of Christ?", "answer": "From the sufferings and death of Christ we learn the great evil of sin, the hatred God bears to it, and the necessity of satisfying for it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "85", "sort_key": 85, "question": "Where did Christ's soul go after His death?", "answer": "After Christ's death His soul descended into hell.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "86", "sort_key": 86, "question": "Did Christ's soul descend into the hell of the damned?", "answer": "The hell into which Christ's soul descended was not the hell of the damned, but a place or state of rest called Limbo, where the souls of the just were waiting for Him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "87", "sort_key": 87, "question": "Why did Christ descend into Limbo?", "answer": "Christ descended into Limbo to preach to the souls who were in prison--that is, to announce to them the joyful tidings of their redemption.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "88", "sort_key": 88, "question": "Where was Christ's body while His soul was in Limbo?", "answer": "While Christ's soul was in Limbo His body was in the holy sepulchre.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "89", "sort_key": 89, "question": "On what day did Christ rise from the dead?", "answer": "Christ rose from the dead, glorious and immortal, on Easter Sunday, the third day after His death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "90", "sort_key": 90, "question": "How long did Christ stay on earth after His resurrection?", "answer": "Christ stayed on earth forty days after His resurrection to show that He was truly risen from the dead, and to instruct His Apostles.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "91", "sort_key": 91, "question": "After Christ had remained forty days on earth whither did He go?", "answer": "After forty days Christ ascended into heaven, and the day on which He ascended into heaven is called Ascension day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "92", "sort_key": 92, "question": "Where is Christ in heaven?", "answer": "In heaven Christ sits at the right hand of God the Father Almighty.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "93", "sort_key": 93, "question": "What do you mean by saying that Christ sits at the right hand Of God?", "answer": "When I say that Christ sits at the right hand of God I mean that Christ as God is equal to His Father in all things, and that as man He is in the highest place in heaven next to God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "94", "sort_key": 94, "question": "Who is the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "The Holy Ghost is the third Person of the Blessed Trinity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "95", "sort_key": 95, "question": "From whom does the Holy Ghost proceed?", "answer": "The Holy Ghost proceeds from the Father and the Son.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "96", "sort_key": 96, "question": "Is the Holy Ghost equal to the Father and the Son?", "answer": "The Holy Ghost is equal to the Father and the Son, being the same Lord and God as They are.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "97", "sort_key": 97, "question": "On what day did the Holy Ghost come down upon the Apostles?", "answer": "The Holy Ghost came down upon the Apostles ten days after the Ascension of our Lord; and the day on which He came down upon the Apostles is called Whitsunday, or Pentecost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "98", "sort_key": 98, "question": "How did the Holy Ghost come down upon the Apostles?", "answer": "The Holy Ghost came down upon the Apostles in the form of tongues of fire.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "99", "sort_key": 99, "question": "Who sent the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles?", "answer": "Our Lord Jesus Christ sent the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "100", "sort_key": 100, "question": "Why did Christ send the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "Christ sent the Holy Ghost to sanctify His Church, to enlighten and strengthen the Apostles, and to enable them to preach the Gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "101", "sort_key": 101, "question": "Will the Holy Ghost abide with the Church forever?", "answer": "The Holy Ghost will abide with the Church forever, and guide it in the way of holiness and truth.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "102", "sort_key": 102, "question": "Which are the chief effects of the Redemption?", "answer": "The chief effects of the Redemption are two: The satisfaction of God's justice by Christ's sufferings and death, and the gaining of grace for men.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "103", "sort_key": 103, "question": "What do you mean by grace?", "answer": "By grace I mean a supernatural gift of God bestowed on us, through the merits of Jesus Christ, for our salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "104", "sort_key": 104, "question": "How many kinds of grace are there?", "answer": "There are two kinds of grace, sanctifying grace and actual grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "105", "sort_key": 105, "question": "What is sanctifying grace?", "answer": "Sanctifying grace is that grace which makes the soul holy and pleasing to God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "106", "sort_key": 106, "question": "What do you call those graces or gifts of God by which we believe in Him, hope in Him, and love Him?", "answer": "Those graces or gifts of God by which we believe in Him, and hope in Him, and love Him, are called the Divine virtues of Faith, Hope, and Charity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "107", "sort_key": 107, "question": "What is Faith?", "answer": "Faith is a Divine virtue by which we firmly believe the truths which God has revealed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "108", "sort_key": 108, "question": "What is Hope?", "answer": "Hope is a Divine virtue by which we firmly trust that God will give us eternal life and the means to obtain it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "109", "sort_key": 109, "question": "What is Charity?", "answer": "Charity is a Divine virtue by which we love God above all things for His own sake, and our neighbor as ourselves for the love of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "110", "sort_key": 110, "question": "What is actual grace?", "answer": "Actual grace is that help of God which enlightens our mind and moves our will to shun evil and do good.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "111", "sort_key": 111, "question": "Is grace necessary to salvation?", "answer": "Grace is necessary to salvation, because without grace we can do nothing to merit heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "112", "sort_key": 112, "question": "Can we resist the grace of God?", "answer": "We can and unfortunately often do resist the grace of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "113", "sort_key": 113, "question": "What is the grace of perseverance?", "answer": "The grace of perseverance is a particular gift of God which enables us to continue in the state of grace till death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "114", "sort_key": 114, "question": "Which are the means instituted by our Lord to enable men at all times to share in the fruits of the Redemption?", "answer": "The means instituted by our Lord to enable men at all times to share in the fruits of His Redemption are the Church and the Sacraments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH: ON THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "115", "sort_key": 115, "question": "What is the Church?", "answer": "The Church is the congregation of all those who profess the faith of Christ, partake of the same Sacraments, and are governed by their lawful pastors under one visible head.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH: ON THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "116", "sort_key": 116, "question": "Who is the invisible Head of the Church?", "answer": "Jesus Christ is the invisible Head of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH: ON THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "117", "sort_key": 117, "question": "Who is the visible Head of the Church?", "answer": "Our Holy Father the Pope, the Bishop of Rome, is the Vicar of Christ on earth and the visible Head of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH: ON THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "118", "sort_key": 118, "question": "Why is the Pope, the Bishop of Rome, the visible Head of the Church?", "answer": "The Pope, the Bishop of Rome, is the visible Head of the Church because he is the successor of St. Peter, whom Christ made the chief of the Apostles and the visible Head of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH: ON THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "119", "sort_key": 119, "question": "Who are the successors of the other Apostles?", "answer": "The successors of the other Apostles are the bishops of the Holy Catholic Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH: ON THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "120", "sort_key": 120, "question": "Why did Christ found the Church?", "answer": "Christ founded the Church to teach, govern, sanctify, and save all men.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH: ON THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "121", "sort_key": 121, "question": "Are all bound to belong to the Church?", "answer": "All are bound to belong to the Church, and he who knows the Church to be the true Church and remains out of it cannot be saved.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH: ON THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "122", "sort_key": 122, "question": "Which are the attributes of the Church?", "answer": "The attributes of the Church are three: authority infallibility, and indefectibility.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "123", "sort_key": 123, "question": "What do you mean by the authority of the Church?", "answer": "By the authority of the Church I mean the right and power which the Pope and the bishops, as the successors of the Apostles, have to teach and to govern the faithful.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "124", "sort_key": 124, "question": "What do you mean by the infallibility of the Church?", "answer": "By the infallibility of the Church I mean that the Church cannot err when it teaches a doctrine of faith or morals.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "125", "sort_key": 125, "question": "When does the Church teach infallibly?", "answer": "The Church teaches infallibly when it speaks through the Pope and the bishops, united in general council, or through the Pope alone when he proclaims to all the faithful a doctrine of faith or morals.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "126", "sort_key": 126, "question": "What do you mean by the indefectibility of the Church?", "answer": "By the indefectibility of the Church I mean that the Church, as Christ founded it, will last till the end of time.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "127", "sort_key": 127, "question": "In whom are these attributes found in their fullness?", "answer": "These attributes are found in their fullness in the Pope, the visible Head of the Church, whose infallible authority to teach bishops, priests, and people in matters of faith or morals will last till the end of the world.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "128", "sort_key": 128, "question": "Has the Church any marks by which it may be known?", "answer": "The Church has four marks by which it may be known: it is One; it is Holy; it is Catholic; it is Apostolic.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "129", "sort_key": 129, "question": "How is the Church One?", "answer": "The Church is One because all its members agree in one faith, are all in one communion, and are all under one Head.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "130", "sort_key": 130, "question": "How is the Church Holy?", "answer": "The Church is Holy because its founder, Jesus Christ, is holy; because it teaches a holy doctrine; invites all to a holy life; and because of the eminent holiness of so many thousands of its children.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "131", "sort_key": 131, "question": "How is the Church Catholic or universal?", "answer": "The Church is Catholic or universal because it subsists in all ages, teaches all nations, and maintains all truth.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "132", "sort_key": 132, "question": "How is the Church Apostolic?", "answer": "The Church is Apostolic because it was founded by Christ on His Apostles, and is governed by their lawful successors, and because it has never ceased, and never will cease, to teach their doctrine.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "133", "sort_key": 133, "question": "In which Church are these attributes and marks found?", "answer": "These attributes and marks are found in the Holy Roman Catholic Church alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "134", "sort_key": 134, "question": "From whom does the Church derive its undying life and infallible authority?", "answer": "The Church derives its undying life and infallible authority from the Holy Ghost, the spirit of truth, who abides with it forever.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "135", "sort_key": 135, "question": "By whom is the Church made and kept One, Holy, and Catholic?", "answer": "The Church is made and kept One, Holy, and Catholic by the Holy Ghost, the spirit of love and holiness, who unites and sanctifies its members throughout the world.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "136", "sort_key": 136, "question": "What is a Sacrament?", "answer": "A Sacrament is an outward sign instituted by Christ to give grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "137", "sort_key": 137, "question": "How many Sacraments are there?", "answer": "There are seven Sacraments: Baptism, Confirmation, Holy Eucharist, Penance, Extreme Unction, Holy Orders, and Matrimony.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "138", "sort_key": 138, "question": "Whence have the Sacraments the power of giving grace?", "answer": "The Sacraments have the power of giving grace from the merits of Jesus Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "139", "sort_key": 139, "question": "What grace do the Sacraments give?", "answer": "Some of the Sacraments give sanctifying grace, and others increase it in our souls.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "140", "sort_key": 140, "question": "Which are the Sacraments that give sanctifying grace?", "answer": "The Sacraments that give sanctifying grace are Baptism and Penance; and they are called Sacraments of the dead.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "141", "sort_key": 141, "question": "Why are Baptism and Penance called Sacraments of the dead?", "answer": "Baptism and Penance are called Sacraments of the dead, because they take away sin, which is the death of the soul, and give grace, which is its life.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "142", "sort_key": 142, "question": "Which are the Sacraments that increase sanctifying grace in our soul?", "answer": "The Sacraments that increase sanctifying grace in our soul are: Confirmation, Holy Eucharist, Extreme Unction, Holy Orders, and Matrimony; and they are called Sacraments of the living.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "143", "sort_key": 143, "question": "Why are Confirmation, Holy Eucharist, Extreme Unction, Holy Orders, and Matrimony called Sacraments of the living?", "answer": "Confirmation, Holy Eucharist, Extreme Unction, Holy Orders, and Matrimony are called Sacraments of the living, because those who receive them worthily are already living the life of grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "144", "sort_key": 144, "question": "What sin does he commit who receives the Sacraments of the living in mortal sin?", "answer": "He who receives the Sacraments of the living in mortal sin commits a sacrilege, which is a great sin, because it is an abuse of a sacred thing.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "145", "sort_key": 145, "question": "Besides sanctifying grace do the Sacraments give any other grace?", "answer": "Besides sanctifying grace the Sacraments give another grace, called sacramental.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "146", "sort_key": 146, "question": "What is sacramental grace?", "answer": "Sacramental grace is a special help which God gives, to attain the end for which He instituted each Sacrament.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "147", "sort_key": 147, "question": "Do the Sacraments always give grace?", "answer": "The Sacraments always give grace, if we receive them with the right dispositions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "148", "sort_key": 148, "question": "Can we receive the Sacraments more than once?", "answer": "We can receive the Sacraments more than once, except Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Orders.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "149", "sort_key": 149, "question": "Why can we not receive Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Orders more than once?", "answer": "We cannot receive Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Orders more than once, because they imprint a character in the soul.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "150", "sort_key": 150, "question": "What is the character which these Sacraments imprint in the soul?", "answer": "The character which these Sacraments imprint in the soul is a spiritual mark which remains forever.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "151", "sort_key": 151, "question": "Does this character remain in the soul even after death?", "answer": "This character remains in the soul even after death: for the honor and glory of those who are saved; for the shame and punishment of those who are lost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "152", "sort_key": 152, "question": "What is Baptism?", "answer": "Baptism is a Sacrament which cleanses us from original sin, makes us Christians, children of God, and heirs of heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH: ON BAPTISM", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "153", "sort_key": 153, "question": "Are actual sins ever remitted by Baptism?", "answer": "Actual sins and all the punishment due to them are remitted by Baptism, if the person baptized be guilty of any.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH: ON BAPTISM", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "154", "sort_key": 154, "question": "Is Baptism necessary to salvation?", "answer": "Baptism is necessary to salvation, because without it we cannot enter into the kingdom of heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH: ON BAPTISM", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "155", "sort_key": 155, "question": "Who can administer Baptism?", "answer": "The priest is the ordinary minister of Baptism; but in case of necessity any one who has the use of reason may baptize.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH: ON BAPTISM", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "156", "sort_key": 156, "question": "How is Baptism given?", "answer": "Whoever baptizes should pour water on the head of the person to be baptized, and say, while pouring the water: I baptize thee in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH: ON BAPTISM", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "157", "sort_key": 157, "question": "How many kinds of Baptism are there?", "answer": "There are three kinds of Baptism: Baptism of water, of desire, and of blood.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH: ON BAPTISM", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "158", "sort_key": 158, "question": "What is Baptism of water?", "answer": "Baptism of water is that which is given by pouring water on the head of the person to be baptized, and saying at the same time: I baptize thee in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH: ON BAPTISM", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "159", "sort_key": 159, "question": "What is Baptism of desire?", "answer": "Baptism of desire is an ardent wish to receive Baptism, and to do all that God has ordained for our salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH: ON BAPTISM", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "160", "sort_key": 160, "question": "What is Baptism of blood?", "answer": "Baptism of blood is the shedding of one's blood for the faith of Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH: ON BAPTISM", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "161", "sort_key": 161, "question": "Is Baptism of desire or of blood sufficient to produce the effects of Baptism of water?", "answer": "Baptism of desire or of blood is sufficient to produce the effects of the Baptism of water, if it is impossible to receive the Baptism of water.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH: ON BAPTISM", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "162", "sort_key": 162, "question": "What do we promise in Baptism?", "answer": "In Baptism we promise to renounce the devil with all his works and pomps.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH: ON BAPTISM", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "163", "sort_key": 163, "question": "Why is the name of a saint given in Baptism?", "answer": "The name of a saint is given in Baptism in order that the person baptized may imitate his virtues and have him for a protector.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH: ON BAPTISM", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "164", "sort_key": 164, "question": "Why are godfathers and godmothers given in Baptism?", "answer": "Godfathers and godmothers are given in Baptism in order that they may promise, in the name of the child, what the child itself would promise if it had the use of reason.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH: ON BAPTISM", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "165", "sort_key": 165, "question": "What is the obligation of a godfather and a godmother?", "answer": "The obligation of a godfather and a godmother is to instruct the child in its religious duties, if the parents neglect to do so or die.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH: ON BAPTISM", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "166", "sort_key": 166, "question": "What is Confirmation?", "answer": "Confirmation is a Sacrament through which we receive the Holy Ghost to make us strong and perfect Christians and soldiers of Jesus Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH: ON CONFIRMATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "167", "sort_key": 167, "question": "Who administers Confirmation?", "answer": "The bishop is the ordinary minister of Confirmation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH: ON CONFIRMATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "168", "sort_key": 168, "question": "How does the bishop give Confirmation?", "answer": "The bishop extends his hands over those who are to be confirmed, prays that they may receive the Holy Ghost, and anoints the forehead of each with holy chrism in the form of a cross.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH: ON CONFIRMATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "169", "sort_key": 169, "question": "What is holy chrism?", "answer": "Holy chrism is a mixture of olive-oil and balm, consecrated by the bishop.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH: ON CONFIRMATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "170", "sort_key": 170, "question": "What does the bishop say in anointing the person he confirms?", "answer": "In anointing the person he confirms the bishop says: I sign thee with the sign of the cross, and I confirm thee with the chrism of salvation, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH: ON CONFIRMATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "171", "sort_key": 171, "question": "What is meant by anointing the forehead with chrism in the form of a cross?", "answer": "By anointing the forehead with chrism in the form of a cross is meant, that the Christian who is confirmed must openly profess and practice his faith, never be ashamed of it, and rather die than deny it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH: ON CONFIRMATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "172", "sort_key": 172, "question": "Why does the bishop give the person he confirms a slight blow on the cheek?", "answer": "The bishop gives the person he confirms a slight blow on the cheek, to put him in mind that he must be ready to suffer everything, even death, for the sake of Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH: ON CONFIRMATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "173", "sort_key": 173, "question": "To receive Confirmation worthily is it necessary to be in the state of grace?", "answer": "To receive Confirmation worthily it is necessary to be in the state of grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH: ON CONFIRMATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "174", "sort_key": 174, "question": "What special preparation should be made to receive Confirmation?", "answer": "Persons of an age to learn should know the chief mysteries of faith and the duties of a Christian, and be instructed in the nature and effects of this Sacrament.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH: ON CONFIRMATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "175", "sort_key": 175, "question": "Is it a sin to neglect Confirmation?", "answer": "It is a sin to neglect Confirmation, especially in these evil days when faith and morals are exposed to so many and such violent temptations.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH: ON CONFIRMATION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "176", "sort_key": 176, "question": "Which are the effects of Confirmation?", "answer": "The effects of Confirmation are an increase of sanctifying grace, the strengthening of our faith, and the gifts of the Holy Ghost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "177", "sort_key": 177, "question": "Which are the gifts of the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "The gifts of the Holy Ghost are Wisdom, Understanding, Counsel, Fortitude, Knowledge, Piety and Fear of the Lord.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "178", "sort_key": 178, "question": "Why do we receive the gift of Fear of the Lord?", "answer": "We receive the gift of Fear of the Lord to fill us with a dread of sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "179", "sort_key": 179, "question": "Why do we receive the gift of Piety?", "answer": "We receive the gift of Piety to make us love God as a Father and obey Him because we love Him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "180", "sort_key": 180, "question": "Why do we receive the gift of Knowledge?", "answer": "We receive the gift of Knowledge to enable us to discover the will of God in all things.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "181", "sort_key": 181, "question": "Why do we receive the gift of Fortitude?", "answer": "We receive the gift of Fortitude to strengthen us to do the will of God in all things.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "182", "sort_key": 182, "question": "Why do we receive the gift of Counsel?", "answer": "We receive the gift of Counsel to warn us of the deceits of the devil, and of the dangers to salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "183", "sort_key": 183, "question": "Why do we receive the gift of Understanding?", "answer": "We receive the gift of Understanding to enable us to know more clearly the mysteries of faith.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "184", "sort_key": 184, "question": "Why do we receive the gift of Wisdom?", "answer": "We receive the gift of Wisdom to give us a relish for the things of God, and to direct our whole life and all our actions to His honor and glory.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "185", "sort_key": 185, "question": "Which are the Beatitudes?", "answer": "The Beatitudes are:", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "186", "sort_key": 186, "question": "Which are the twelve fruits of the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "The twelve fruits of the Holy Ghost are Charity, Joy, Peace, Patience, Benignity, Goodness, Long-suffering, Mildness, Faith, Modesty, Continency, and Chastity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "187", "sort_key": 187, "question": "What is the Sacrament of Penance?", "answer": "Penance is a Sacrament in which the sins committed after Baptism are forgiven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "188", "sort_key": 188, "question": "How does the Sacrament of Penance remit sin, and restore to the soul the friendship of God?", "answer": "The Sacrament of Penance remits sins and restores the friendship of God to the soul by means of the absolution of the priest.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "189", "sort_key": 189, "question": "How do you know that the priest has the power of absolving from the sins committed after Baptism?", "answer": "I know that the priest has the power of absolving from the sins committed after Baptism, because Jesus Christ granted that power to the priests of His Church when He said: \"Receive ye the Holy Ghost. Whose sins you shall forgive, they are forgiven them; whose sins you shall retain, they are retained.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "190", "sort_key": 190, "question": "How do the priests of the Church exercise the power of forgiving sins?", "answer": "The priests of the Church exercise the power of forgiving sins by hearing the confession of sins, and granting pardon for them as ministers of God and in His name.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "191", "sort_key": 191, "question": "What must we do to receive the Sacrament of Penance worthily?", "answer": "To receive the Sacrament of Penance worthily we must do five things:", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "192", "sort_key": 192, "question": "What is the examination of conscience?", "answer": "The examination of conscience is an earnest effort to recall to mind all the sins we have committed since our last worthy confession.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "193", "sort_key": 193, "question": "How can we make a good examination of conscience?", "answer": "We can make a good examination of conscience by calling to memory the commandments of God, the precepts of the Church, the seven capital sins, and the particular duties of our state in life, to find out the sins we have committed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "194", "sort_key": 194, "question": "What should we do before beginning the examination of conscience?", "answer": "Before beginning the examination of conscience we should pray to God to give us light to know our sins and grace to detest them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "195", "sort_key": 195, "question": "What is contrition, or sorrow for sin?", "answer": "Contrition, or sorrow for sin, is a hatred of sin and a true grief of the soul for having offended God, with a firm purpose of sinning no more.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON CONTRITION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "196", "sort_key": 196, "question": "What kind of sorrow should we have for our sins?", "answer": "The sorrow we should have for our sins should be interior, supernatural, universal, and sovereign.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON CONTRITION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "197", "sort_key": 197, "question": "What do you mean by saying that our sorrow should be interior?", "answer": "When I say that our sorrow should be interior, I mean that it should come from the heart, and not merely from the lips.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON CONTRITION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "198", "sort_key": 198, "question": "What do you mean by saying that our sorrow should be supernatural?", "answer": "When I say that our sorrow should be supernatural, I mean that it should be prompted by the grace of God, and excited by motives which spring from faith, and not by merely natural motives.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON CONTRITION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "199", "sort_key": 199, "question": "What do you mean by saying that our sorrow should be universal?", "answer": "When I say that our sorrow should be universal, I mean that we should be sorry for all our mortal sins without exception.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON CONTRITION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "200", "sort_key": 200, "question": "What do you mean when you say that our sorrow should be sovereign?", "answer": "When I say that our sorrow should be sovereign, I mean that we should grieve more for having offended God than for any other evil that can befall us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON CONTRITION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "201", "sort_key": 201, "question": "Why should we be sorry for our sins?", "answer": "We should be sorry for our sins, because sin is the greatest of evils and an offense against God our Creator, Preserver, and Redeemer, and because it shuts us out of heaven and condemns us to the eternal pains of hell.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON CONTRITION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "202", "sort_key": 202, "question": "How many kinds of contrition are there?", "answer": "There are two kinds of contrition: perfect contrition and imperfect contrition.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON CONTRITION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "203", "sort_key": 203, "question": "What is perfect contrition?", "answer": "Perfect contrition is that which fills us with sorrow and hatred for sin, because it offends God, who is infinitely good in Himself and worthy of all love.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON CONTRITION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "204", "sort_key": 204, "question": "What is imperfect contrition?", "answer": "Imperfect contrition is that by which we hate what offends God, because by it we lose heaven and deserve hell; or because sin is so hateful in itself.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON CONTRITION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "205", "sort_key": 205, "question": "Is imperfect contrition sufficient for a worthy confession?", "answer": "Imperfect contrition is sufficient for a worthy confession, but we should endeavor to have perfect contrition.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON CONTRITION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "206", "sort_key": 206, "question": "What do you mean by a firm purpose of sinning no more?", "answer": "By a firm purpose of sinning no more I mean a fixed resolve not only to avoid all mortal sin, but also its near occasions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON CONTRITION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "207", "sort_key": 207, "question": "What do you mean by the near occasions of sin?", "answer": "By the near occasions of sin I mean all the persons, places, and things that may easily lead us into sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH: ON CONTRITION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "208", "sort_key": 208, "question": "What is Confession?", "answer": "Confession is the telling of our sins to a duly authorized priest, for the purpose of obtaining forgiveness.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "209", "sort_key": 209, "question": "What sins are we bound to confess?", "answer": "We are bound to confess all our mortal sins, but it is well also to confess our venial sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "210", "sort_key": 210, "question": "Which are the chief qualities of a good Confession?", "answer": "The chief qualities of a good Confession are three: it must be humble, sincere, and entire.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "211", "sort_key": 211, "question": "When is our Confession humble?", "answer": "Our Confession is humble, when we accuse our selves of our sins, with a deep sense of shame and sorrow for having offended God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "212", "sort_key": 212, "question": "When is our Confession sincere?", "answer": "Our Confession is sincere, when we tell our sins honestly and truthfully, neither exaggerating nor excusing them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "213", "sort_key": 213, "question": "When is our Confession entire?", "answer": "Our Confession is entire, when we tell the number and kinds of our sins and the circumstances which change their nature.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "214", "sort_key": 214, "question": "What should we do if we cannot remember the number of our sins?", "answer": "If we cannot remember the number of our sins, we should tell the number as nearly as possible, and say how often we may have sinned in a day, a week, or a month, and how long the habit or practice has lasted.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "215", "sort_key": 215, "question": "Is our Confession worthy if, without our fault, we forget to confess a mortal sin?", "answer": "If without our fault we forget to confess a mortal sin, our Confession is worthy, and the sin is forgiven; but it must be told in Confession if it again comes to our mind.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "216", "sort_key": 216, "question": "Is it a grievous offense wilfully to conceal a mortal sin in Confession?", "answer": "It is a grievous offense wilfully to conceal a mortal sin in Confession, because we thereby tell a lie to the Holy Ghost, and make our Confession worthless.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "217", "sort_key": 217, "question": "What must he do who has wilfully concealed a mortal sin in Confession?", "answer": "He who has wilfully concealed a mortal sin in Confession must not only confess it, but must also repeat all the sins he has committed since his last worthy Confession.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "218", "sort_key": 218, "question": "Why does the priest give us a penance after Confession?", "answer": "The priest gives us a penance after Confession, that we may satisfy God for the temporal punishment due to our sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "219", "sort_key": 219, "question": "Does not the Sacrament of Penance remit all punishment due to sin?", "answer": "The Sacrament of Penance remits the eternal punishment due to sin, but it does not always remit the temporal punishment which God requires as satisfaction for our sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "220", "sort_key": 220, "question": "Why does God require a temporal punishment as a satisfaction for sin?", "answer": "God requires a temporal punishment as a satisfaction for sin, to teach us the great evil of sin and to prevent us from falling again.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "221", "sort_key": 221, "question": "Which are the chief means by which we satisfy God for the temporal punishment due to sin?", "answer": "The chief means by which we satisfy God for the temporal punishment due to sin are: Prayer, Fasting, Almsgiving, all spiritual and corporal works of mercy, and the patient suffering of the ills of life.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "222", "sort_key": 222, "question": "Which are the chief spiritual works of mercy?", "answer": "The chief spiritual works of mercy are seven: To admonish the sinner, to instruct the ignorant, to counsel the doubtful, to comfort the sorrowful, to bear wrongs patiently, to forgive all injuries, and to pray for the living and the dead.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "223", "sort_key": 223, "question": "Which are the chief corporal works of mercy?", "answer": "The chief corporal works of mercy are seven: To feed the hungry, to give drink to the thirsty, to clothe the naked, to ransom the captive, to harbor the harborless, to visit the sick, and to bury the dead.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH: ON CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "224", "sort_key": 224, "question": "What should we do on entering the confessional?", "answer": "On entering the confessional we should kneel, make the sign of the Cross, and say to the priest, Bless me, Father; then add, I confess to Almighty God and to you, Father, that I have sinned.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "225", "sort_key": 225, "question": "Which are the first things we should tell the priest in Confession?", "answer": "The first things we should tell the priest in Confession are the time of our last Confession, and whether we said the penance and went to Holy Communion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "226", "sort_key": 226, "question": "After telling the time of our last Confession and Communion what should we do?", "answer": "After telling the time of our last Confession and Communion we should confess all the mortal sins we have since committed, and all the venial sins we may wish to mention.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "227", "sort_key": 227, "question": "What must we do when the confessor asks us questions?", "answer": "When the confessor asks us questions we must answer them truthfully and clearly.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "228", "sort_key": 228, "question": "What should we do after telling our sins?", "answer": "After telling our sins we should listen with attention to the advice which the confessor may think proper to give.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "229", "sort_key": 229, "question": "How should we end our Confession?", "answer": "We should end our Confession by saying, I also accuse myself of all the sins of my past life, telling, if we choose, one or several of our past sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "230", "sort_key": 230, "question": "What should we do while the priest is giving us absolution?", "answer": "While the priest is giving us absolution we should from our heart renew the Act of Contrition.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "231", "sort_key": 231, "question": "What is an Indulgence?", "answer": "An Indulgence is the remission in whole or in part of the temporal punishment due to sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST: ON INDULGENCES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "232", "sort_key": 232, "question": "Is an Indulgence a pardon of sin, or a license to commit sin?", "answer": "An Indulgence is not a pardon of sin, nor a license to commit sin, and one who is in a state of mortal sin cannot gain an Indulgence.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST: ON INDULGENCES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "233", "sort_key": 233, "question": "How many kinds of Indulgences are there?", "answer": "There are two kinds of Indulgences--Plenary and Partial.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST: ON INDULGENCES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "234", "sort_key": 234, "question": "What is a Plenary Indulgence?", "answer": "A Plenary Indulgence is the full remission of the temporal punishment due to sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST: ON INDULGENCES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "235", "sort_key": 235, "question": "What is a Partial Indulgence?", "answer": "A Partial Indulgence is the remission of a part of the temporal punishment due to sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST: ON INDULGENCES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "236", "sort_key": 236, "question": "How does the Church by means of Indulgences remit the temporal punishment due to sin?", "answer": "The Church by means of Indulgences remits the temporal punishment due to sin by applying to us the merits of Jesus Christ, and the superabundant satisfactions of the Blessed Virgin Mary and of the saints; which merits and satisfactions are its spiritual treasury.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST: ON INDULGENCES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "237", "sort_key": 237, "question": "What must we do to gain an Indulgence?", "answer": "To gain an Indulgence we must be in the state of grace and perform the works enjoined.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST: ON INDULGENCES", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "238", "sort_key": 238, "question": "What is the Holy Eucharist?", "answer": "The Holy Eucharist is the Sacrament which contains the body and blood, soul and divinity, of our Lord Jesus Christ under the appearances of bread and wine.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "239", "sort_key": 239, "question": "When did Christ institute the Holy Eucharist?", "answer": "Christ instituted the Holy Eucharist at the Last Supper, the night before He died.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "240", "sort_key": 240, "question": "Who were present when our Lord instituted the Holy Eucharist?", "answer": "When our Lord instituted the Holy Eucharist the twelve Apostles were present.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "241", "sort_key": 241, "question": "How did our Lord institute the Holy Eucharist?", "answer": "Our Lord instituted the Holy Eucharist by taking bread, blessing, breaking, and giving to His Apostles, saying: Take ye and eat. This is My body; and then by taking the cup of wine, blessing and giving it, saying to them: Drink ye all of this. This is My blood which shall be shed for the remission of sins. Do this for a commemoration of Me.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "242", "sort_key": 242, "question": "What happened when our Lord said, This is My body; this is My blood?", "answer": "When our Lord said, This is My body, the substance of the bread was changed into the substance of His body; when He said, This is My blood, the substance of the wine was changed into the substance of His blood.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "243", "sort_key": 243, "question": "Is Jesus Christ whole and entire both under the form of bread and under the form of wine?", "answer": "Jesus Christ is whole and entire both under the form of bread and under the form of wine.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "244", "sort_key": 244, "question": "Did anything remain of the bread and wine after their substance had been changed into the substance of the body and blood of our Lord?", "answer": "After the substance of the bread and wine had been changed into the substance of the body and blood of our Lord there remained only the appearances of bread and wine.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "245", "sort_key": 245, "question": "What do you mean by the appearances of bread and wine?", "answer": "By the appearances of bread and wine I mean the figure, the color, the taste, and whatever appears to the senses.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "246", "sort_key": 246, "question": "What is this change of the bread and wine into the body and blood of our Lord called?", "answer": "This change of the bread and wine into the body and blood of our Lord is called Transubstantiation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "247", "sort_key": 247, "question": "How was the substance of the bread and wine changed into the substance of the body and blood of Christ?", "answer": "The substance of the bread and wine was changed into the substance of the body and blood of Christ by His almighty power.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "248", "sort_key": 248, "question": "Does this change of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ continue to be made in the Church?", "answer": "This change of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ continues to be made in the Church by Jesus Christ through the ministry of His priests.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "249", "sort_key": 249, "question": "When did Christ give His priests the power to change bread and wine into His body and blood?", "answer": "Christ gave His priests the power to change bread and wine into His body and blood when He said to the Apostles, Do this in commemoration of Me.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "250", "sort_key": 250, "question": "How do the priests exercise this power of changing bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ?", "answer": "The priests exercise this power of changing bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ through the words of consecration in the Mass, which are the words of Christ: This is My body; this is My blood.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "251", "sort_key": 251, "question": "Why did Christ institute the Holy Eucharist?", "answer": "Christ instituted the Holy Eucharist--", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "252", "sort_key": 252, "question": "How are we united to Jesus Christ in the Holy Eucharist?", "answer": "We are united to Jesus Christ in the Holy Eucharist by means of Holy Communion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "253", "sort_key": 253, "question": "What is Holy Communion?", "answer": "Holy Communion is the receiving of the body and blood of Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "254", "sort_key": 254, "question": "What is necessary to make a good Communion?", "answer": "To make a good Communion it is necessary to be in the state of sanctifying grace, to have a right intention, and to obey the laws of fasting. (See Q. 257.)", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "255", "sort_key": 255, "question": "Does he who receives Communion in mortal sin receive the body and blood of Christ?", "answer": "He who receives Communion in mortal sin receives the body and blood of Christ, but does not receive His grace, and he commits a great sacrilege.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "256", "sort_key": 256, "question": "Is it enough to be free from mortal sin to receive plentifully the graces of Holy Communion?", "answer": "To receive plentifully the graces of Holy Communion it is not enough to be free from mortal sin, but we should be free from all affection to venial sin, and should make acts of faith, hope, and love.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "257", "sort_key": 257, "question": "What is the fast necessary for Holy Communion?", "answer": "The fast necessary for Holy Communion is to abstain from all food, beverages, and alcoholic drinks for one hour before Holy Communion. Water may be taken at any time. The sick may take food, non-alcoholic drinks, and any medicine up to Communion time.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "258", "sort_key": 258, "question": "Is any one ever allowed to receive Holy Communion when not fasting?", "answer": "Any one in danger of death is allowed to receive Holy Communion when not fasting or when it is necessary to save the Blessed Sacrament from insult or injury.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "259", "sort_key": 259, "question": "When are we bound to receive Holy Communion?", "answer": "We are bound to receive Holy Communion, under pain of mortal sin, during the Easter time and when in danger of death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "260", "sort_key": 260, "question": "Is it well to receive Holy Communion often?", "answer": "It is well to receive Holy Communion often, as nothing is a greater aid to a holy life than often to receive the Author of all grace and the Source of all good.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "261", "sort_key": 261, "question": "What should we do after Holy Communion?", "answer": "After Holy Communion we should spend some time in adoring our Lord, in thanking Him for the grace we have received, and in asking Him for the blessings we need.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "262", "sort_key": 262, "question": "When and where are the bread and wine changed into the body and blood of Christ?", "answer": "The bread and wine are changed into the body and blood of Christ at the Consecration in the Mass.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "263", "sort_key": 263, "question": "What is the Mass?", "answer": "The Mass is the unbloody sacrifice of the body and blood of Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "264", "sort_key": 264, "question": "What is a sacrifice?", "answer": "A sacrifice is the offering of an object by a priest to God alone, and the consuming of it to acknowledge that He is the Creator and Lord of all things.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "265", "sort_key": 265, "question": "Is the Mass the same sacrifice as that of the Cross?", "answer": "The Mass is the same sacrifice as that of the Cross.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "266", "sort_key": 266, "question": "How is the Mass the same sacrifice as that of the Cross?", "answer": "The Mass is the same sacrifice as that of the Cross because the offering and the priest are the same--Christ our Blessed Lord; and the ends for which the sacrifice of the Mass is offered are the same as those of the sacrifice of the Cross.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "267", "sort_key": 267, "question": "What were the ends for which the sacrifice of the Cross was offered?", "answer": "The ends for which the sacrifice of the Cross was offered were: 1st, To honor and glorify God; 2d, To thank Him for all the graces bestowed on the whole world; 3d, To satisfy God's justice for the sins of men; 4th, To obtain all graces and blessings.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "268", "sort_key": 268, "question": "Is there any difference between the sacrifice of the Cross and the sacrifice of the Mass?", "answer": "Yes; the manner in which the sacrifice is offered is different. On the Cross Christ really shed His blood and was really slain; in the Mass there is no real shedding of blood nor real death, because Christ can die no more; but the sacrifice of the Mass, through the separate consecration of the bread and the wine, represents His death on the Cross.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "269", "sort_key": 269, "question": "How should we assist at Mass?", "answer": "We should assist at Mass with great interior recollection and piety and with every outward mark of respect and devotion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "270", "sort_key": 270, "question": "Which is the best manner of hearing Mass?", "answer": "The best manner of hearing Mass is to offer it to God with the priest for the same purpose for which it is said, to meditate on Christ's sufferings and death, and to go to Holy Communion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "271", "sort_key": 271, "question": "What is the Sacrament of Extreme Unction?", "answer": "Extreme Unction is the Sacrament which, through the anointing and prayer of the priest, gives health and strength to the soul, and sometimes to the body, when we are in danger of death from sickness.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "272", "sort_key": 272, "question": "When should we receive Extreme Unction?", "answer": "We should receive Extreme Unction when we are in danger of death from sickness, or from a wound or accident.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "273", "sort_key": 273, "question": "Should we wait until we are in extreme danger before we receive Extreme Unction?", "answer": "We should not wait until we are in extreme danger before we receive Extreme Unction, but if possible we should receive it whilst we have the use of our senses.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "274", "sort_key": 274, "question": "Which are the effects of the Sacrament of Extreme Unction?", "answer": "The effects of Extreme Unction are: 1st, To comfort us in the pains of sickness and to strengthen us against temptation; 2d, To remit venial sins and to cleanse our soul from the remains of sin; 3d, To restore us to health, when God sees fit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "275", "sort_key": 275, "question": "What do you mean by the remains of sin?", "answer": "By the remains of sin I mean the inclination to evil and the weakness of the will which are the result of our sins, and which remain after our sins have been forgiven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "276", "sort_key": 276, "question": "How should we receive the Sacrament of Extreme Unction?", "answer": "We should receive the Sacrament of Extreme Unction in the state of grace, and with lively faith and resignation to the will of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "277", "sort_key": 277, "question": "Who is the minister of the Sacrament of Extreme Unction?", "answer": "The priest is the minister of the Sacrament of Extreme Unction.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "278", "sort_key": 278, "question": "What is the Sacrament of Holy Orders?", "answer": "Holy Orders is a Sacrament by which bishops, priests, and other ministers of the Church are ordained and receive the power and grace to perform their sacred duties.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "279", "sort_key": 279, "question": "What is necessary to receive Holy Orders worthily?", "answer": "To receive Holy Orders worthily it is necessary to be in the state of grace, to have the necessary knowledge and a divine call to this sacred office.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "280", "sort_key": 280, "question": "How should Christians look upon the priests of the Church?", "answer": "Christians should look upon the priests of the Church as the messengers of God and the dispensers of His mysteries.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "281", "sort_key": 281, "question": "Who can confer the Sacrament of Holy Orders?", "answer": "Bishops can confer the Sacrament of Holy Orders.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "282", "sort_key": 282, "question": "What is the Sacrament of Matrimony?", "answer": "The Sacrament of Matrimony is the Sacrament which unites a Christian man and woman in lawful marriage.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH: ON MATRIMONY", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "283", "sort_key": 283, "question": "Can a Christian man and woman be united in lawful marriage in any other way than by the Sacrament of Matrimony?", "answer": "A Christian man and woman cannot be united in lawful marriage in any other way than by the Sacrament of Matrimony, because Christ raised marriage to the dignity of a Sacrament.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH: ON MATRIMONY", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "284", "sort_key": 284, "question": "Can the bond of Christian marriage be dissolved by any human power?", "answer": "The bond of Christian marriage cannot be dissolved by any human power.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH: ON MATRIMONY", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "285", "sort_key": 285, "question": "Which are the effects of the Sacrament of Matrimony?", "answer": "The effects of the Sacrament of Matrimony are: 1st, To sanctify the love of husband and wife; 2d, To give them grace to bear with each other's weaknesses; 3d, To enable them to bring up their children in the fear and love of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH: ON MATRIMONY", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "286", "sort_key": 286, "question": "To receive the Sacrament of matrimony worthily is it necessary to be in the state of grace?", "answer": "To receive the Sacrament of Matrimony worthily it is necessary to be in the state of grace, and it is necessary also to comply with the laws of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH: ON MATRIMONY", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "287", "sort_key": 287, "question": "Who has the right to make laws concerning the Sacrament of marriage?", "answer": "The Church alone has the right to make laws concerning the Sacrament of marriage, though the state also has the right to make laws concerning the civil effects of the marriage contract.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH: ON MATRIMONY", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "288", "sort_key": 288, "question": "Does the Church forbid the marriage of Catholics with persons who have a different religion or no religion at all?", "answer": "The Church does forbid the marriage of Catholics with persons who have a different religion or no religion at all.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH: ON MATRIMONY", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "289", "sort_key": 289, "question": "Why does the Church forbid the marriage of Catholics with persons who have a different religion or no religion at all?", "answer": "The Church forbids the marriage of Catholics with persons who have a different religion or no religion at all, because such marriages generally lead to indifference, loss of faith, and to the neglect of the religious education of the children.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH: ON MATRIMONY", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "290", "sort_key": 290, "question": "Why do many marriages prove unhappy?", "answer": "Many marriages prove unhappy because they are entered into hastily and without worthy motives.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH: ON MATRIMONY", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "291", "sort_key": 291, "question": "How should Christians prepare for a holy and happy marriage?", "answer": "Christians should prepare for a holy and happy marriage by receiving the Sacraments of Penance and Holy Eucharist; by begging God to grant them a pure intention and to direct their choice; and by seeking the advice of their parents and the blessing of their pastors.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH: ON MATRIMONY", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "292", "sort_key": 292, "question": "What is a sacramental?", "answer": "A sacramental is anything set apart or blessed by the Church to excite good thoughts and to increase devotion, and through these movements of the heart to remit venial sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTALS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "293", "sort_key": 293, "question": "What is the difference between the Sacraments and the sacramentals?", "answer": "The difference between the Sacraments and the sacramentals is: 1st, The Sacraments were instituted by Jesus Christ and the sacramentals were instituted by the Church; 2d, The Sacraments give grace of themselves when we place no obstacle in the way; the sacramentals excite in us pious dispositions, by means of which we may obtain grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTALS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "294", "sort_key": 294, "question": "Which is the chief sacramental used in the Church?", "answer": "The chief sacramental used in the Church is the sign of the Cross.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTALS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "295", "sort_key": 295, "question": "How do we make the sign of the Cross?", "answer": "We make the sign of the Cross by putting the right hand to the forehead, then on the breast, and then to the left and right shoulders, saying, In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTALS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "296", "sort_key": 296, "question": "Why do we make the sign of the Cross?", "answer": "We make the sign of the Cross to show that we are Christians and to profess our belief in the chief mysteries of our religion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTALS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "297", "sort_key": 297, "question": "How is the sign of the Cross a profession of faith in the chief mysteries of our religion?", "answer": "The sign of the Cross is a profession of faith in the chief mysteries of our religion because it expresses the mysteries of the Unity and Trinity of God and of the Incarnation and death of our Lord.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTALS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "298", "sort_key": 298, "question": "How does the sign of the Cross express the mystery of the Unity and Trinity of God?", "answer": "The words, In the name, express the Unity of God; the words that follow, of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, express the mystery of the Trinity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTALS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "299", "sort_key": 299, "question": "How does the sign of the Cross express the mystery of the Incarnation and death of our Lord?", "answer": "The sign of the Cross expresses the mystery of the Incarnation by reminding us that the Son of God, having become man, suffered death on the cross.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTALS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "300", "sort_key": 300, "question": "What other sacramental is in very frequent use?", "answer": "Another sacramental in very frequent use is holy water.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTALS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "301", "sort_key": 301, "question": "What is holy water?", "answer": "Holy water is water blessed by the priest with solemn prayer to beg God's blessing on those who use it, and protection from the powers of darkness.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTALS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "302", "sort_key": 302, "question": "Are there other sacramentals besides the sign of the Cross and holy water?", "answer": "Besides the sign of the Cross and holy water there are many other sacramentals, such as blessed candles, ashes, palms, crucifixes, images of the Blessed Virgin and of the saints, rosaries, and scapulars.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH: ON THE SACRAMENTALS", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "303", "sort_key": 303, "question": "Is there any other means of obtaining God's grace than the Sacraments?", "answer": "There is another means of obtaining God's grace, and it is prayer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH: ON PRAYER", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "304", "sort_key": 304, "question": "What is prayer?", "answer": "Prayer is the lifting up of our minds and hearts to God to adore Him, to thank Him for His benefits, to ask His forgiveness, and to beg of Him all the graces we need whether for soul or body.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH: ON PRAYER", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "305", "sort_key": 305, "question": "Is prayer necessary to salvation?", "answer": "Prayer is necessary to salvation, and without it no one having the use of reason can be saved.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH: ON PRAYER", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "306", "sort_key": 306, "question": "At what particular times should we pray?", "answer": "We should pray particularly on Sundays and holydays, every morning and night, in all dangers, temptations, and afflictions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH: ON PRAYER", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "307", "sort_key": 307, "question": "How should we pray?", "answer": "We should pray: 1st, With attention; 2d, With a sense of our own helplessness and dependence upon God; 3d, With a great desire for the graces we beg of God; 4th, With trust in God's goodness; 5th, With perseverance.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH: ON PRAYER", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "308", "sort_key": 308, "question": "Which are the prayers most recommended to us?", "answer": "The prayers most recommended to us are the Lord's Prayer, the Hail Mary, the Apostles' Creed, the Confiteor, and the Acts of Faith, Hope, Love, and Contrition.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH: ON PRAYER", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "309", "sort_key": 309, "question": "Are prayers said with distractions of any avail?", "answer": "Prayers said with wilful distractions are of no avail.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH: ON PRAYER", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "310", "sort_key": 310, "question": "Is it enough to belong to God's Church in order to be saved?", "answer": "It is not enough to belong to the Church in order to be saved, but we must also keep the Commandments of God and of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "311", "sort_key": 311, "question": "Which are the Commandments that contain the whole law of God?", "answer": "The Commandments which contain the whole law of God are these two: 1st, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with thy whole heart, with thy whole soul, with thy whole strength, and with thy whole mind; 2d, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "312", "sort_key": 312, "question": "Why do these two Commandments of the love of God and of our neighbor contain the whole law of God?", "answer": "These two Commandments of the love of God and of our neighbor contain the whole law of God because all the other Commandments are given either to help us to keep these two, or to direct us how to shun what is opposed to them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "313", "sort_key": 313, "question": "Which are the Commandments of God?", "answer": "The Commandments of God are these ten.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "314", "sort_key": 314, "question": "Who gave the Ten Commandments?", "answer": "God Himself gave the Ten Commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai, and Christ our Lord confirmed them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "315", "sort_key": 315, "question": "What is the first Commandment?", "answer": "The first Commandment is: I am the Lord thy God: thou shalt not have strange gods before Me.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "316", "sort_key": 316, "question": "How does the first Commandment help us to keep the great Commandment of the love of God?", "answer": "The first Commandment helps us to keep the great Commandment of the love of God because it commands us to adore God alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "317", "sort_key": 317, "question": "How do we adore God?", "answer": "We adore God by faith, hope, and charity, by prayer and sacrifice.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "318", "sort_key": 318, "question": "How may the first Commandment be broken?", "answer": "The first Commandment may be broken by giving to a creature the honor which belongs to God alone; by false worship; and by attributing to a creature a perfection which belongs to God alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "319", "sort_key": 319, "question": "Do those who make use of spells and charms, or who believe in dreams, in mediums, spiritists, fortune-tellers, and the like, sin against the first Commandment?", "answer": "Those who make use of spells and charms, or who believe in dreams, in mediums, spiritists, fortunetellers and the like, sin against the first Commandment, because they attribute to creatures perfections which belong to God alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "320", "sort_key": 320, "question": "Are sins against faith, hope and charity also sins against the first Commandment?", "answer": "Sins against faith, hope, and charity are also sins against the first Commandment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "321", "sort_key": 321, "question": "How does a person sin against faith?", "answer": "A person sins against faith: 1st, by not trying to know what God has taught; 2d, by refusing to believe all that God has taught; 3d, by neglecting to profess his belief in what God has taught.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "322", "sort_key": 322, "question": "How do we fail to try to know what God has taught?", "answer": "We fail to try to know what God has taught by neglecting to learn the Christian doctrine.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "323", "sort_key": 323, "question": "Who are they who do not believe all that God has taught?", "answer": "They who do not believe all that God has taught are the heretics and infidels.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "324", "sort_key": 324, "question": "Who are they who neglect to profess their belief in what God has taught?", "answer": "They who neglect to profess their belief in what God has taught are all those who fail to acknowledge the true Church in which they really believe.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "325", "sort_key": 325, "question": "Can they who fail to profess their faith in the true Church in which they believe expect to be saved while in that state?", "answer": "They who fail to profess their faith in the true Church in which they believe cannot expect to be saved while in that state, for Christ has said: \"Whoever shall deny Me before men, I will also deny him before My Father who is in heaven.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "326", "sort_key": 326, "question": "Are we obliged to make open profession of our faith?", "answer": "We are obliged to make open profession of our faith as often as God's honor, our neighbor's spiritual good, or our own requires it. \"Whosoever,\" says Christ, \"shall confess Me before men, I will also confess him before My Father who is in heaven.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "327", "sort_key": 327, "question": "Which are the sins against hope?", "answer": "The sins against hope are presumption and despair.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "328", "sort_key": 328, "question": "What is presumption?", "answer": "Presumption is a rash expectation of salvation without making proper use of the necessary means to obtain it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "329", "sort_key": 329, "question": "What is despair?", "answer": "Despair is the loss of hope in God's mercy.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "330", "sort_key": 330, "question": "How do we sin against the love of God?", "answer": "We sin against the love of God by all sin, but particularly by mortal sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "331", "sort_key": 331, "question": "Does the first Commandment forbid the honoring of the saints?", "answer": "The first Commandment does not forbid the honoring of the saints, but rather approves of it; because by honoring the saints, who are the chosen friends of God, we honor God Himself.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "332", "sort_key": 332, "question": "Does the first Commandment forbid us to pray to the saints?", "answer": "The first Commandment does not forbid us to pray to the saints.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "333", "sort_key": 333, "question": "What do we mean by praying to the saints?", "answer": "By praying to the saints we mean the asking of their help and prayers.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "334", "sort_key": 334, "question": "How do we know that the saints hear us?", "answer": "We know that the saints hear us, because they are with God, who makes our prayers known to them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "335", "sort_key": 335, "question": "Why do we believe that the saints will help us?", "answer": "We believe that the saints will help us because both they and we are members of the same Church, and they love us as their brethren.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "336", "sort_key": 336, "question": "How are the saints and we members of the same Church?", "answer": "The saints and we are members of the same Church, because the Church in heaven and the Church on earth are one and the same Church, and all its members are in communion with one another.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "337", "sort_key": 337, "question": "What is the communion of the members of the Church called?", "answer": "The communion of the members of the Church is called the communion of saints.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "338", "sort_key": 338, "question": "What does the communion of saints mean?", "answer": "The communion of saints means the union which exists between the members of the Church on earth with one another, and with the blessed in heaven and with the suffering souls in purgatory.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "339", "sort_key": 339, "question": "What benefits are derived from the communion of saints?", "answer": "The following benefits are derived from the communion of saints:--the faithful on earth assist one another by their prayers and good works, and they are aided by the intercession of the saints in heaven, while both the saints in heaven and the faithful on earth help the souls in purgatory.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "340", "sort_key": 340, "question": "Does the first Commandment forbid us to honor relics?", "answer": "The first Commandment does not forbid us to honor relics, because relics are the bodies of the saints, or objects directly connected with them or with our Lord.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "341", "sort_key": 341, "question": "Does the first Commandment forbid the making of images?", "answer": "The first Commandment does forbid the making of images if they are made to be adored as gods, but it does not forbid the making of them to put us in mind of Jesus Christ, His Blessed Mother, and the saints.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "342", "sort_key": 342, "question": "Is it right to show respect to the pictures and images of Christ and His saints?", "answer": "It is right to show respect to the pictures and images of Christ and His saints, because they are the representations and memorials of them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "343", "sort_key": 343, "question": "Is it allowed to pray to the crucifix or to the images and relics of the saints?", "answer": "It is not allowed to pray to the crucifix or images and relics of the saints, for they have no life, nor power to help us, nor sense to hear us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "344", "sort_key": 344, "question": "Why do we pray before the crucifix and the images and relics of the saints?", "answer": "We pray before the crucifix and images and relics of the saints because they enliven our devotion by exciting pious affections and desires, and by reminding us of Christ and of the saints, that we may imitate their virtues.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "345", "sort_key": 345, "question": "What is the second Commandment?", "answer": "The second Commandment is: Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "346", "sort_key": 346, "question": "What are we commanded by the second Commandment?", "answer": "We are commanded by the second Commandment to speak with reverence of God and of the saints, and of all holy things, and to keep our lawful oaths and vows.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "347", "sort_key": 347, "question": "What is an oath?", "answer": "An oath is the calling upon God to witness the truth of what we say.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "348", "sort_key": 348, "question": "When may we take an oath?", "answer": "We may take an oath when it is ordered by lawful authority or required for God's honor or for our own or our neighbor's good.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "349", "sort_key": 349, "question": "What is necessary to make an oath lawful?", "answer": "To make an oath lawful it is necessary that what we swear to, be true, and that there be a sufficient cause for taking an oath.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "350", "sort_key": 350, "question": "What is a vow?", "answer": "A vow is a deliberate promise made to God to do something that is pleasing to Him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "351", "sort_key": 351, "question": "Is it a sin not to fulfill our vows?", "answer": "Not to fulfill our vows is a sin, mortal or venial, according to the nature of the vow and the intention we had in making it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "352", "sort_key": 352, "question": "What is forbidden by the second Commandment?", "answer": "The second Commandment forbids all false, rash, unjust, and unnecessary oaths, blasphemy, cursing, and profane words.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "353", "sort_key": 353, "question": "What is the third Commandment?", "answer": "The third Commandment is: Remember thou keep holy the Sabbath day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "354", "sort_key": 354, "question": "What are we commanded by the third Commandment?", "answer": "By the third Commandment we are commanded to keep holy the Lord's day and the holydays of obligation, on which we are to give our time to the service and worship of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "355", "sort_key": 355, "question": "How are we to worship God on Sundays and holydays of obligation?", "answer": "We are to worship God on Sundays and holydays of obligation by hearing Mass, by prayer, and by other good works.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "356", "sort_key": 356, "question": "Are the Sabbath day and the Sunday the same?", "answer": "The Sabbath day and the Sunday are not the same. The Sabbath is the seventh day of the week, and is the day which was kept holy in the Old Law; the Sunday is the first day of the week, and is the day which is kept holy in the New Law.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "357", "sort_key": 357, "question": "Why does the Church command us to keep the Sunday holy instead of the Sabbath?", "answer": "The Church commands us to keep the Sunday holy instead of the Sabbath because on Sunday Christ rose from the dead, and on Sunday He sent the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "358", "sort_key": 358, "question": "What is forbidden by the third Commandment?", "answer": "The third Commandment forbids all unnecessary servile work and whatever else may hinder the due observance of the Lord's day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "359", "sort_key": 359, "question": "What are servile works?", "answer": "Servile works are those which require labor rather of body than of mind.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "360", "sort_key": 360, "question": "Are servile works on Sunday ever lawful?", "answer": "Servile works are lawful on Sunday when the honor of God, the good of our neighbor, or necessity requires them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "361", "sort_key": 361, "question": "What is the fourth Commandment?", "answer": "The fourth Commandment is: Honor thy father and thy mother.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "362", "sort_key": 362, "question": "What are we commanded by the fourth Commandment?", "answer": "We are commanded by the fourth Commandment to honor, love, and obey our parents in all that is not sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "363", "sort_key": 363, "question": "Are we bound to honor and obey others than our parents?", "answer": "We are also bound to honor and obey our bishops, pastors, magistrates, teachers, and other lawful superiors.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "364", "sort_key": 364, "question": "Have parents and superiors any duties towards those who are under their charge?", "answer": "It is the duty of parents and superiors to take good care of all under their charge and give them proper direction and example.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "365", "sort_key": 365, "question": "What is forbidden by the fourth Commandment?", "answer": "The fourth Commandment forbids all disobedience, contempt, and stubbornness towards our parents or lawful superiors.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "366", "sort_key": 366, "question": "What is the fifth Commandment?", "answer": "The fifth Commandment is: Thou shalt not kill.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "367", "sort_key": 367, "question": "What are we commanded by the fifth Commandment?", "answer": "We are commanded by the fifth Commandment to live in peace and union with our neighbor, to respect his rights, to seek his spiritual and bodily welfare, and to take proper care of our own life and health.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "368", "sort_key": 368, "question": "What is forbidden by the fifth Commandment?", "answer": "The fifth Commandment forbids all wilful murder, fighting, anger, hatred, revenge, and bad example.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "369", "sort_key": 369, "question": "What is the sixth Commandment?", "answer": "The sixth Commandment is: Thou shalt not commit adultery.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "370", "sort_key": 370, "question": "What are we commanded by the sixth Commandment?", "answer": "We are commanded by the sixth Commandment to be pure in thought and modest in all our looks, words, and actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "371", "sort_key": 371, "question": "What is forbidden by the sixth Commandment?", "answer": "The sixth commandment forbids all unchaste freedom with another's wife or husband; also all immodesty with ourselves or others in looks, dress, words, or actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "372", "sort_key": 372, "question": "Does the sixth Commandment forbid the reading of bad and immodest books and newspapers?", "answer": "The sixth Commandment does forbid the reading of bad and immodest books and newspapers.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "373", "sort_key": 373, "question": "What is the seventh Commandment?", "answer": "The seventh Commandment is: Thou shalt not steal.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "374", "sort_key": 374, "question": "What are we commanded by the seventh Commandment?", "answer": "By the seventh Commandment we are commanded to give to all men what belongs to them and to respect their property.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "375", "sort_key": 375, "question": "What is forbidden by the seventh Commandment?", "answer": "The seventh Commandment forbids all unjust taking or keeping what belongs to another.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "376", "sort_key": 376, "question": "Are we bound to restore ill-gotten goods?", "answer": "We are bound to restore ill-gotten goods, or the value of them, as far as we are able; otherwise we cannot be forgiven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "377", "sort_key": 377, "question": "Are we obliged to repair the damage we have unjustly caused?", "answer": "We are bound to repair the damage we have unjustly caused.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "378", "sort_key": 378, "question": "What is the eighth Commandment?", "answer": "The eighth Commandment is: Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "379", "sort_key": 379, "question": "What are we commanded by the eighth Commandment?", "answer": "We are commanded by the eighth Commandment to speak the truth in all things and to be careful of the honor and reputation of every one.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "380", "sort_key": 380, "question": "What is forbidden by the eighth Commandment?", "answer": "The eighth Commandment forbids all rash judgments, backbiting, slanders, and lies.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "381", "sort_key": 381, "question": "What must they do who have lied about their neighbor and seriously injured his character?", "answer": "They who have lied about their neighbor and seriously injured his character must repair the injury done as far as they are able, otherwise they will not be forgiven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "382", "sort_key": 382, "question": "What is the ninth Commandment?", "answer": "The ninth Commandment is: Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "383", "sort_key": 383, "question": "What are we commanded by the ninth Commandment?", "answer": "We are commanded by the ninth Commandment to keep ourselves pure in thought and desire.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "384", "sort_key": 384, "question": "What is forbidden by the ninth Commandment?", "answer": "The ninth Commandment forbids unchaste thoughts, desires of another's wife or husband, and all other unlawful impure thoughts and desires.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "385", "sort_key": 385, "question": "Are impure thoughts and desires always sins?", "answer": "Impure thoughts and desires are always sins, unless they displease us and we try to banish them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "386", "sort_key": 386, "question": "What is the tenth Commandment?", "answer": "The tenth Commandment is: Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's goods.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "387", "sort_key": 387, "question": "What are we commanded by the tenth Commandment?", "answer": "By the tenth Commandment we are commanded to be content with what we have, and to rejoice in our neighbor's welfare.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "388", "sort_key": 388, "question": "What is forbidden by the tenth Commandment?", "answer": "The tenth Commandment forbids all desires to take or keep wrongfully what belongs to another.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "389", "sort_key": 389, "question": "Which are the chief commandments of the Church?", "answer": "The chief commandments of the Church are six:", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "390", "sort_key": 390, "question": "Is it a mortal sin not to hear Mass on a Sunday or a holyday of obligation?", "answer": "It is a mortal sin not to hear Mass on a Sunday or a holyday of obligation, unless we are excused for a serious reason. They also commit a mortal sin who, having others under their charge, hinder them from hearing Mass, without a sufficient reason.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "391", "sort_key": 391, "question": "Why were holydays instituted by the Church?", "answer": "Holydays were instituted by the Church to recall to our minds the great mysteries of religion and the virtues and rewards of the saints.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "392", "sort_key": 392, "question": "How should we keep the holydays of obligation?", "answer": "We should keep the holydays of obligation as we should keep the Sunday.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "393", "sort_key": 393, "question": "What do you mean by fast-days?", "answer": "By fast-days I mean days on which we are allowed but one full meal.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "394", "sort_key": 394, "question": "What do you mean by days of abstinence?", "answer": "By days of abstinence I mean days on which we are forbidden to eat flesh-meat, but are allowed the usual number of meals.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "395", "sort_key": 395, "question": "Why does the Church command us to fast and abstain?", "answer": "The Church commands us to fast and abstain, in order that we may mortify our passions and satisfy for our sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "396", "sort_key": 396, "question": "Why does the Church command us to abstain from flesh-meat on Fridays?", "answer": "The Church commands us to abstain from flesh-meat on Fridays, in honor of the day on which our Saviour died.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "397", "sort_key": 397, "question": "What is meant by the command of confessing at least once a year?", "answer": "By the command of confessing at least once a year is meant that we are obliged, under pain of mortal sin, to go to confession within the year.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "398", "sort_key": 398, "question": "Should we confess only once a year?", "answer": "We should confess frequently, if we wish to lead a good life.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "399", "sort_key": 399, "question": "Should children go to Confession?", "answer": "Children should go to Confession when they are old enough to commit sin, which is commonly about the age of seven years.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "400", "sort_key": 400, "question": "What sin does he commit who neglects to receive Communion during the Easter time?", "answer": "He who neglects to receive Communion during the Easter time commits a mortal sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "401", "sort_key": 401, "question": "What is the Easter time?", "answer": "The Easter time is, in this country, the time between the first Sunday of Lent and Trinity Sunday.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "402", "sort_key": 402, "question": "Are we obliged to contribute to the support of our pastors?", "answer": "We are obliged to contribute to the support of our pastors, and to bear our share in the expenses of the church and school.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "403", "sort_key": 403, "question": "What is the meaning of the commandment not to marry within the third degree of kindred?", "answer": "The meaning of the commandment not to marry within the third degree of kindred is that no one is allowed to marry another within the third degree of blood relationship.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "404", "sort_key": 404, "question": "What is the meaning of the command not to marry privately?", "answer": "The command not to marry privately means that none should marry without the blessing of God's priests or without witnesses.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "405", "sort_key": 405, "question": "What is the meaning of the precept not to solemnize marriage at forbidden times?", "answer": "The meaning of the precept not to solemnize marriage at forbidden times is that during Lent and Advent the marriage ceremony should not be performed with pomp or a nuptial Mass.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "406", "sort_key": 406, "question": "What is the nuptial Mass?", "answer": "A nuptial Mass is a Mass appointed by the Church to invoke a special blessing upon the married couple.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "407", "sort_key": 407, "question": "Should Catholics be married at a nuptial Mass?", "answer": "Catholics should be married at a nuptial Mass, because they thereby show greater reverence for the holy Sacrament and bring richer blessings upon their wedded life.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "408", "sort_key": 408, "question": "When will Christ judge us?", "answer": "Christ will judge us immediately after our death, and on the last day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "409", "sort_key": 409, "question": "What is the judgment called which we have to undergo immediately after death?", "answer": "The judgment we have to undergo immediately after death is called the Particular Judgment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "410", "sort_key": 410, "question": "What is the judgment called which all men have to undergo on the last day?", "answer": "The judgment which all men have to undergo on the last day is called the General Judgment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "411", "sort_key": 411, "question": "Why does Christ judge men immediately after death?", "answer": "Christ judges men immediately after death to reward or punish them according to their deeds.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "412", "sort_key": 412, "question": "What are the rewards or punishments appointed for men's souls after the Particular Judgment?", "answer": "The rewards or punishments appointed for men's souls after the Particular Judgment are Heaven, Purgatory, and Hell.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "413", "sort_key": 413, "question": "What is Hell?", "answer": "Hell is a state to which the wicked are condemned, and in which they are deprived of the sight of God for all eternity, and are in dreadful torments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "414", "sort_key": 414, "question": "What is Purgatory?", "answer": "Purgatory is a state in which those suffer for a time who die guilty of venial sins, or without having satisfied for the punishment due to their sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "415", "sort_key": 415, "question": "Can the faithful on earth help the souls in Purgatory?", "answer": "The faithful on earth can help the souls in Purgatory by their prayers, fasts, alms-deeds; by indulgences, and by having Masses said for them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "416", "sort_key": 416, "question": "If every one is judged immediately after death, what need is there of a General Judgment?", "answer": "There is need of a General Judgment, though every one is judged immediately after death, that the providence of God, which, on earth, often permits the good to suffer and the wicked to prosper, may in the end appear just before all men.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "417", "sort_key": 417, "question": "Will our bodies share in the reward or punishment of our souls?", "answer": "Our bodies will share in the reward or punishment of our souls, because through the resurrection they will again be united to them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "418", "sort_key": 418, "question": "In what state will the bodies of the just rise?", "answer": "The bodies of the just will rise glorious and immortal.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "419", "sort_key": 419, "question": "Will the bodies of the damned also rise?", "answer": "The bodies of the damned will also rise, but they will be condemned to eternal punishment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "420", "sort_key": 420, "question": "What is Heaven?", "answer": "Heaven is the state of everlasting life in which we see God face to face, are made like unto Him in glory, and enjoy eternal happiness.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 2", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14552/pg14552.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-2", "item_id": "421", "sort_key": 421, "question": "What words should we bear always in mind?", "answer": "We should bear always in mind these words of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ: \"What doth it profit a man if he gain the whole world and suffer the loss of his own soul, or what exchange shall a man give for his soul? For the Son of man shall come in the glory of His Father with His angels; and then will He render to every man according to his works.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1", "sort_key": 1, "question": "Say the Lord's Prayer.", "answer": "Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name; Thy kingdom come; Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread; and forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us; and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "2", "sort_key": 2, "question": "Who made the Lord's Prayer?", "answer": "Our Lord Himself made the Lord's Prayer for the use of His disciples and of all the faithful.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "3", "sort_key": 3, "question": "Why is the \"Our Father\" the most excellent of all Prayers?", "answer": "The \"Our Father\" is the most excellent of all prayers because Our Lord Himself made it and because its petitions ask for all we can need for soul or body.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "4", "sort_key": 4, "question": "How is the Lord's Prayer divided?", "answer": "The Lord's Prayer is divided into seven requests or petitions. Three of these petitions refer to God's honor and glory, and the remaining four to our corporeal or spiritual wants.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "5", "sort_key": 5, "question": "Whom do we address as \"Our Father\" when we say the Lord's Prayer?", "answer": "When we say \"Our Father\" in the Lord's Prayer we address Almighty God, Father, Son and Holy Ghost united in the adorable Trinity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "6", "sort_key": 6, "question": "Why do we say \"our\" and not \"my\" Father?", "answer": "We say \"our\" and not \"my\" Father to remind us that through our creation and redemption, we are all members of the great human family of which God is the Father; and that we should pray for and help one another.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "7", "sort_key": 7, "question": "Why do we call God Father?", "answer": "We call God Father because He does for us what a good father should do for his children. He gives us our existence; He protects us; He provides for us and teaches us; and because the name of \"Father\" fills us with love and reverence for him, and with confidence in Him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "8", "sort_key": 8, "question": "Why do we say \"Who art in heaven\" if God be everywhere?", "answer": "We say \"who art in heaven\" to put us in mind (1) that heaven is our true home for which we were created; (2) that in heaven we shall see God face to face as He is; (3) that heaven is the place where God will be for all eternity, with the blessed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "9", "sort_key": 9, "question": "What does \"Hallowed be Thy Name\" mean?", "answer": "Hallowed means set apart for a holy or sacred use, and thus comes to mean treated or praised as holy or sacred. \"Thy name\" means God Himself and all relating to Him, and by this petition we ask that God may be known, loved and served by all.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "10", "sort_key": 10, "question": "What do we ask for in the petition: \"Thy kingdom come\"?", "answer": "In the petition \"Thy kingdom come\" we ask (1) that God may reign in the souls of all men by His grace, so that they may attain eternal salvation; (2) that the true Church--Christ's kingdom--may spread upon earth till all men embrace the true religion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "11", "sort_key": 11, "question": "Who do God's Will in heaven?", "answer": "In heaven the Angels and Saints do God's Will perfectly. They never disobey, or even wish to disobey Him. In the petition, \"Thy Will be done on earth as it is in heaven,\" we pray that all God's creatures may imitate the Angels and Saints in heaven by never offending Him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "12", "sort_key": 12, "question": "What do we ask for by \"our daily bread\"?", "answer": "In the petition for \"our daily bread\" we ask not merely for bread, but for all that we need for the good of our body or soul.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "13", "sort_key": 13, "question": "Why do we say \"daily\"?", "answer": "We say \"daily\" to teach us that we are not to be avaricious but only prudent in providing for our wants; and that we are to have great confidence in the providence of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "14", "sort_key": 14, "question": "What do \"trespasses\" mean?", "answer": "\"Trespasses\" mean here injuries done or offenses given to another, and when God is the person offended, \"trespasses\" mean sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "15", "sort_key": 15, "question": "What do you mean by \"forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us\"?", "answer": "In this petition we declare to God that we have forgiven all who have injured or offended us, and ask Him to reward us by pardoning our sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "16", "sort_key": 16, "question": "When may we be said to forgive those who trespass against us?", "answer": "We may be said to forgive our enemies when we act, and, as far as possible, feel toward them as if they had never injured us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "17", "sort_key": 17, "question": "What is temptation?", "answer": "A temptation is anything that incites, provokes, or urges us to offend God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "18", "sort_key": 18, "question": "What is the best means of overcoming temptation?", "answer": "The best means of overcoming temptation is to resist its very beginning, by turning our attention from it; by praying for help to resist it; and by doing the opposite of what we are tempted to do.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "19", "sort_key": 19, "question": "Does God tempt us to sin?", "answer": "God does not tempt us to sin; but He permits us to be tempted to try our fidelity or punish our pride; and to give us an opportunity of meriting rewards for ourselves by overcoming the temptations.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "20", "sort_key": 20, "question": "Can we always resist temptation?", "answer": "We can always resist temptation if we wish, for God always gives us sufficient grace and never permits us to be tempted above our strength.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "21", "sort_key": 21, "question": "Is it a sin to be tempted?", "answer": "It is not a sin to be tempted, because we cannot prevent it. It is sinful only to consent or yield to the temptation or needlessly expose ourselves to it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "22", "sort_key": 22, "question": "From what do our temptations come?", "answer": "Our temptations come either from the devil, our spiritual enemy, or from the world; that is, the wicked persons, places, or things in the world; or from the flesh; that is, our body with its strong passions and evil inclinations.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "23", "sort_key": 23, "question": "Should we seek temptation for the sake of overcoming it?", "answer": "We must not expose ourselves to temptation, but, on the contrary, carefully avoid it, yet resist it bravely when it assails us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "24", "sort_key": 24, "question": "From what evil do we ask to be delivered?", "answer": "We ask to be delivered from every evil of body and mind, but particularly to be delivered from sin, which is the greatest of all evils.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "25", "sort_key": 25, "question": "What does \"Amen\" mean?", "answer": "\"Amen\" means so be it; and expresses a desire that the petition may be granted.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "26", "sort_key": 26, "question": "What does Christian mean?", "answer": "A Christian is a baptized person who professes to believe all that Christ has taught, and to do all that He has commanded as necessary for our salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "27", "sort_key": 27, "question": "Say the Angelical Salutation.", "answer": "Hail Mary, full of grace! the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou amongst women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "28", "sort_key": 28, "question": "What is a salutation?", "answer": "A salutation is the customary words or actions by which the people of a country greet one another.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "29", "sort_key": 29, "question": "Why is this salutation called Angelical?", "answer": "This salutation is called Angelical because it was given by an angel.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "30", "sort_key": 30, "question": "What does \"hail\" mean?", "answer": "\"Hail\" means, I wish you health. It is an exclamation of respectful greeting.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "31", "sort_key": 31, "question": "How is the \"Hail Mary\" divided?", "answer": "The \"Hail Mary\" is divided into two parts. The first part, made by the Angel Gabriel and St. Elizabeth, contains the praises of the Mother of God; and the second part, added by the Church, begs her intercession for sinners.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "32", "sort_key": 32, "question": "Why is the \"Hail Mary\" usually placed after the Lord's Prayer?", "answer": "The \"Hail Mary\" is usually placed after the Our Father because it is an inspired prayer, the most excellent after the Lord's Prayer, and also that the Blessed Mother may, by her powerful intercession, aid us in obtaining what we ask.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "33", "sort_key": 33, "question": "Who was St. Elizabeth?", "answer": "St. Elizabeth was the mother of St. John the Baptist and the cousin of the Blessed Virgin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "34", "sort_key": 34, "question": "What answer did the Blessed Virgin make to the words of St. Elizabeth?", "answer": "The Blessed Virgin answered St. Elizabeth in the words of the beautiful Magnificat.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "35", "sort_key": 35, "question": "What is the Magnificat?", "answer": "The Magnificat is the splendid canticle or hymn in which the Blessed Virgin praises God and returns Him thanks for the great things He has done for her. It is usually sung at Vespers in the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "36", "sort_key": 36, "question": "Why do we address Mary as \"full of grace\"?", "answer": "We address Mary as \"full of grace\" because she was never guilty of the slightest sin; was endowed with every virtue, and blessed with a constant increase of grace in her soul.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "37", "sort_key": 37, "question": "Why do we say \"the Lord is with thee\"?", "answer": "We say \"the Lord is with thee,\" for besides being with her as He is with all His creatures on account of His presence everywhere; and as He is with the good on account of their virtue, He is with Mary in a very special manner on account of her dignity as Mother of His Son.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "38", "sort_key": 38, "question": "Why is Mary called \"blessed amongst women\"?", "answer": "Mary is called \"blessed amongst women\" on account of her personal holiness, her great dignity as Mother of God, and her freedom from original sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "39", "sort_key": 39, "question": "Why is Mary called \"holy\"?", "answer": "Mary is called \"holy\" because one full of grace and endowed with every virtue must be holy.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "40", "sort_key": 40, "question": "Why do we need Mary's prayers at the hour of death?", "answer": "We need Mary's prayers at the hour of death because at that time our salvation is in greatest danger, and our spiritual enemies most anxious to overcome us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "41", "sort_key": 41, "question": "Why do we say the \"Hail Mary\"?", "answer": "We say the \"Hail Mary\" to put us in mind of the Incarnation, and to show our devotion to the Mother of God, and our confidence in her assistance.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "42", "sort_key": 42, "question": "In what form of prayer is the \"Hail Mary\" most frequently repeated?", "answer": "The \"Hail Mary\" is most frequently repeated in the recitation of the rosary or beads.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "43", "sort_key": 43, "question": "What is the Angelus?", "answer": "The Angelus is a prayer giving a brief history of the Incarnation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "44", "sort_key": 44, "question": "Say the Angelus.", "answer": "The Angel of the Lord declared unto Mary. And she conceived of the Holy Ghost. Hail Mary, &c. Behold the handmaid of the Lord. Be it done unto me according to Thy Word. Hail Mary, &c. And the Word was made flesh. And dwelt among us. Hail Mary, &c. Pray for us, O Holy Mother of God! That we may be made worthy of the promises of Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "45", "sort_key": 45, "question": "At what time is the Angelus usually said?", "answer": "The Angelus is said in the evening, it memory of the Incarnation; in the morning, in memory of the Resurrection, and at noon in memory of the Passion of Our Lord.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "46", "sort_key": 46, "question": "What does \"the Word was made flesh\" mean in the Angelus?", "answer": "\"The Word\" means the second person of the Blessed Trinity, and \"made flesh\" means became man.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "47", "sort_key": 47, "question": "What is the Litany of the Blessed Virgin?", "answer": "The Litany is a form of prayer in which we address our Blessed Lady by many beautiful titles, such as Mother of God, Virgin Most Pure, Refuge of Sinners, &c., asking her after each to pray for us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "48", "sort_key": 48, "question": "Are there any other Litanies in use besides the Litany of the Blessed Virgin?", "answer": "Besides the Litany of the Blessed Virgin there are other Litanies in use, especially the Litany of the Saints, the Litany of the Holy Name of Jesus, the Litany of the Sacred Heart, &c.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "49", "sort_key": 49, "question": "Say the Apostles' Creed.", "answer": "I believe in God, the Father Almighty, Creator of heaven and earth; and in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord; who was conceived by the Holy Ghost, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified; died, and was buried. He descended into hell: the third day He arose again from the dead: He ascended into heaven, sitteth at the right hand of God, the Father Almighty; from thence He shall come to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Ghost, the Holy Catholic Church, the communion of Saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting. Amen.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "50", "sort_key": 50, "question": "What is a creed?", "answer": "A creed is a summary or list of the chief truths we believe or profess to believe. It is a compendium of doctrine.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "51", "sort_key": 51, "question": "Why is this creed called the Apostles'?", "answer": "This creed is called the Apostles' because it came down to us from the Apostles, and also to distinguish it from longer creeds in use in the Church, such as the Nicene Creed, which is said in the Mass; the Athanasian Creed, which is said in the priests' divine Office, and the Creed of Pope Pius IV, which is used on solemn occasions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "52", "sort_key": 52, "question": "Do all these creeds teach the same doctrines?", "answer": "All these creeds teach the same doctrines, for the longer creeds are only a fuller explanation of the truths contained in the Apostles' Creed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "54", "sort_key": 53, "question": "How do you know the Apostles were bishops?", "answer": "I know the Apostles were bishops because they could administer the Sacraments of Confirmation and Holy Orders and make laws for the Church, as we learn from Holy Scripture, and these powers belong to bishops alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "55", "sort_key": 54, "question": "Who were the disciples of Our Lord?", "answer": "The disciples were the seventy-two chosen followers of Our Lord, whom He sent to preach and perform good works in every city and place whither He Himself was to come. The Apostles also are frequently called \"the disciples.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "56", "sort_key": 55, "question": "Why did the Apostles leave us a creed?", "answer": "The Apostles left us a creed that all who wished to become Christians might have a standard of the truths they must know and believe before receiving Baptism.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "57", "sort_key": 56, "question": "How many articles or parts in the Apostles' Creed?", "answer": "There are twelve articles or parts in the Apostles' Creed. They refer to God the Father in the works of creation; to God the Son in the works of redemption; to God the Holy Ghost in the works of sanctification; and each article contradicts one or more false doctrines on these subjects.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "58", "sort_key": 57, "question": "What does Creation mean?", "answer": "To create means to produce out of nothing. God alone has this power, and He alone can be called \"Creator.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "59", "sort_key": 58, "question": "Had Jesus Christ more than one Father?", "answer": "God the Father, the First Person of the Blessed Trinity, is the only real and true Father of Jesus Christ, as the Blessed Virgin is His true Mother. St. Joseph, whom we also call His father, was only His foster-father or guardian upon earth.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "60", "sort_key": 59, "question": "By what names is Our Lord called?", "answer": "Our Lord is called by many names, such as Our Saviour, Our Redeemer, Jesus Christ, Son of God; Second Person of the Blessed Trinity, the Messias, Son of David, Lamb of God and others to be found in the litanies. Each name recalls to our mind some benefit received or prophesy fulfilled.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "61", "sort_key": 60, "question": "Of what religion was Pontius Pilate?", "answer": "Pontius Pilate was a pagan; that is, a worshiper of false gods.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "62", "sort_key": 61, "question": "Why do we say \"died\" instead of \"was put to death\"?", "answer": "We say \"died\" to show that Our Lord gave up His life willingly; for how could He be put to death against His will, who could always restore His life as He did at His resurrection?", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "63", "sort_key": 62, "question": "What is death?", "answer": "Death in man is caused by the separation of the soul from the body, for Adam was made a living being by the union of his soul and body.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "64", "sort_key": 63, "question": "Why do we say of Christ \"He was buried\"?", "answer": "We say that \"He was buried\" to show that He was really dead.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "65", "sort_key": 64, "question": "Did \"hell\" always mean only that state in which the damned are punished?", "answer": "The word \"hell\" was sometimes used to signify the grave or a low place. In the Apostles' Creed it means Limbo.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "66", "sort_key": 65, "question": "Is Limbo the same place as Purgatory?", "answer": "Limbo is not the same place as Purgatory, because the souls in Purgatory suffer, while those in Limbo do not.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "67", "sort_key": 66, "question": "Who were in Limbo when Our Lord descended into it?", "answer": "There were in Limbo when Our Lord descended into it the souls of all those who died the friends of God, but could not enter heaven till the Ascension of Our Lord.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "68", "sort_key": 67, "question": "Name some holy persons who died before Christ ascended into heaven.", "answer": "Among the holy persons who died before Christ ascended into heaven, we may mention: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, David, the Prophets, St. Ann, St. John the Baptist, and St. Joseph.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "69", "sort_key": 68, "question": "What do we mean by \"Judge the living and the dead\"?", "answer": "By the \"living\" we mean all those who shall be alive upon the earth at the last day, and by the \"dead\" those who have died before that time. Or the \"living\" may also mean those who are in a state of grace; and the \"dead\" those who are in mortal sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "70", "sort_key": 69, "question": "How many branches or parts of the Church are there?", "answer": "There are three branches or parts of the Church, called the Church Militant, the Church Suffering, and the Church Triumphant.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "71", "sort_key": 70, "question": "What do we mean by the \"Church Militant\"?", "answer": "By the \"Church Militant\" or \"fighting Church\" we mean all the faithful who are still upon earth struggling for their salvation by warring against their spiritual enemies.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "72", "sort_key": 71, "question": "What do we mean by the \"Church Suffering\"?", "answer": "By the \"Church Suffering\" we mean the faithful in Purgatory, who are being purified from the last stains and consequences of their sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "73", "sort_key": 72, "question": "What do we mean by the \"Church Triumphant\"?", "answer": "By the \"Church Triumphant\" we mean all the faithful now in heaven, rejoicing with God that they have defeated their spiritual enemies and attained their salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "75", "sort_key": 73, "question": "Does the \"Communion of Saints\" mean anything else?", "answer": "The \"Communion of Saints\" means also that we all share in the merits of Our Lord and in the superabundant satisfaction of the Blessed Virgin and of the Saints, as well as in the prayers and good works of the Church and of the faithful.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "76", "sort_key": 74, "question": "Have the Saints their bodies in heaven?", "answer": "The Saints have not yet their bodies in heaven, as they will have them after the resurrection on the last day. Our Divine Lord and His blessed Mother are the only persons whose bodies are now in heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "77", "sort_key": 75, "question": "Are there Saints in heaven whose names we do not know?", "answer": "There are many Saints in heaven whose names we do not know, because all who are admitted into heaven are truly Saints.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "78", "sort_key": 76, "question": "To whom do we usually give the name of \"Saints\"?", "answer": "We usually apply the name of \"Saints\" to those only whom the Church has Canonized.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "79", "sort_key": 77, "question": "What is the Canonization of a Saint?", "answer": "Canonization is a solemn ceremony by which the Church declares that a certain person, now dead, was remarkable for extraordinary holiness while on earth, and is now in heaven worthy of our veneration.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "80", "sort_key": 78, "question": "How does the Canonization of a Saint take place?", "answer": "In the Canonization of a Saint (1) the accounts of the person's holy life, heroic virtue, and miracles are collected and sent to the Holy See; (2) those accounts are examined by the Holy Father or his cardinals, and, if found to be true and sufficient, (3) the Saint is Canonized or perhaps only beatified.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "81", "sort_key": 79, "question": "What is the difference between the honors conferred on a person by beatification and Canonization?", "answer": "Beatification limits the honor to be given to the beatified by restricting it to certain places or persons; whereas Canonization is the highest honor and permits all to venerate the Saint everywhere.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "82", "sort_key": 80, "question": "Why does the Church Canonize Saints?", "answer": "The Church Canonizes Saints (1) to honor them, and (2) to make us certain that they are in heaven, and may, therefore, be invoked in our prayers.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "83", "sort_key": 81, "question": "Can the Church err in the Canonization of a Saint?", "answer": "The Church cannot err in matters of faith or morals, and the Canonization of a Saint is a matter of faith and morals.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "84", "sort_key": 82, "question": "What is the difference between a Saint and an Angel?", "answer": "The Saints lived upon the earth in bodies like our own. The Angels never inhabited the earth, though they visit it and remain for a time with us. They have not now and never will have bodies.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "85", "sort_key": 83, "question": "Through what means may we obtain the \"forgiveness of sins\"?", "answer": "We may obtain the \"forgiveness of sins\" especially through the Sacraments of Baptism and Penance.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "86", "sort_key": 84, "question": "What do we mean by the \"resurrection of the body\"?", "answer": "By the \"resurrection of the body\" we mean that the bodies of the dead shall be restored to life, rise again on the last day, and be united to the souls from which they were separated by death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "87", "sort_key": 85, "question": "How is the resurrection possible when the bodies are reduced to ashes and mingled with the soil?", "answer": "The resurrection is possible to God, who can do all things, and who, having created the bodies out of nothing in the beginning, can easily collect and put together their scattered parts by an act of His all-powerful will.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "88", "sort_key": 86, "question": "What does \"life everlasting\" mean?", "answer": "\"Life everlasting\" means endless happiness in heaven; as endless misery in hell may be called \"everlasting death.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "89", "sort_key": 87, "question": "Is the Apostles' Creed an act of faith?", "answer": "The Apostles' Creed is an act of faith, because by it we profess our belief in the truths it contains.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "90", "sort_key": 88, "question": "Say the Confiteor and verses after it.", "answer": "I confess to Almighty God, to blessed Mary, ever Virgin, to blessed Michael the Archangel, to blessed John the Baptist, to the holy Apostles Peter and Paul, and to all the Saints, that I have sinned exceedingly in thought, word and deed, through my fault, through my fault, through my most grievous fault. Therefore, I beseech blessed Mary, ever Virgin, blessed Michael the Archangel, blessed John the Baptist, the holy Apostles Peter and Paul, and all the Saints, to pray to the Lord our God for me.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "91", "sort_key": 89, "question": "What does \"Confiteor\" mean?", "answer": "\"Confiteor\" is the first word of this prayer in Latin, and means \"I Confess.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "92", "sort_key": 90, "question": "How is the Confiteor divided?", "answer": "The Confiteor is divided into two parts. In the first part we acknowledge our sins in the presence of God and of His Saints and Angels. In the second part we beg the Saints and Angels to aid us in obtaining forgiveness.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "93", "sort_key": 91, "question": "What should we bear in mind in saying any prayer, and especially the Confiteor?", "answer": "While saying any prayer, and especially the Confiteor, we should bear in mind that we are in the presence of God, and of His Saints and Angels, who see us and hear us, though we can not see or hear them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "94", "sort_key": 92, "question": "Say the Act of Faith.", "answer": "O my God! I firmly believe that Thou art one God in three Divine persons, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost; I believe that Thy Divine Son became man, and died for our sins, and that He will come to judge the living and the dead. I believe these and all the truths which the Holy Catholic Church teaches, because Thou hast revealed them, who canst neither deceive nor be deceived.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "95", "sort_key": 93, "question": "Give the substance of an Act of Faith.", "answer": "The substance of an Act of Faith is: I believe all that God has revealed and the Catholic Church teaches.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "96", "sort_key": 94, "question": "Why do we find Acts of Faith of different lengths?", "answer": "We find Acts of Faith of different lengths, because some state more fully than others what God has revealed and the Church teaches.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "97", "sort_key": 95, "question": "Say the Act of Hope.", "answer": "O my God! relying on Thy infinite goodness and promises, I hope to obtain pardon of my sins, the help of Thy grace, and life ever-lasting, through the merits of Jesus Christ, my Lord and Redeemer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "98", "sort_key": 96, "question": "Give the substance of an Act of Hope.", "answer": "The substance of an Act of Hope is: I hope for heaven and the means to obtain it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "99", "sort_key": 97, "question": "Say the Act of Love.", "answer": "O my God! I love Thee above all things, with my whole heart and soul, because Thou art all-good and worthy of all love. I love my neighbor as myself for the love of Thee. I forgive all who have injured me, and ask pardon of all whom I have injured.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "100", "sort_key": 98, "question": "Give the substance of an Act of Love.", "answer": "The substance of an Act of Love is: I love God above all things for His own sake, and my neighbor as myself for the love of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "101", "sort_key": 99, "question": "How do we show that we love God above all things?", "answer": "We show that we love God above all things by keeping His commandments and by never offending Him for any person or thing.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "102", "sort_key": 100, "question": "What does loving your neighbor as yourself mean?", "answer": "Loving my neighbor as myself does not mean that I must love him as much as myself; but that I must love him with the same kind of love, that is, I must never do to my neighbor what I would not wish my neighbor to do to me; but, on the contrary, do unto others as I would have others do unto me.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "103", "sort_key": 101, "question": "Do an \"Act of Love\" and an \"Act of Charity\" mean the same thing?", "answer": "An \"Act of Love\" and \"Act of Charity\" do mean the same thing, because Charity means love, or it means an act of kindness that comes from love.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "104", "sort_key": 102, "question": "How may all persons show Charity to their neighbor?", "answer": "All persons may show Charity to their neighbor by never injuring his character and by always speaking well of him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "105", "sort_key": 103, "question": "Are we bound to make Acts of Faith, Hope and Love?", "answer": "We are bound from time to time during our lives to make Acts of Faith, Hope and Love; otherwise we risk our salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "106", "sort_key": 104, "question": "What does \"Contrition\" mean?", "answer": "\"Contrition\" means a state of grief or deep sorrow for our sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "107", "sort_key": 105, "question": "Say the Act of Contrition.", "answer": "O my God! I am heartily sorry for having offended Thee, and I detest all my sins, because I dread the loss of heaven and the pains of hell, but most of all because they offend Thee, my God, who art all-good and deserving of all my love. I firmly resolve, with the help of Thy grace, to confess my sins, to do penance, and to amend my life.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "108", "sort_key": 106, "question": "Give the substance of an Act of Contrition.", "answer": "The substance of an Act of Contrition is: I am sorry for my sins, because they have offended God, and I will never sin again.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "109", "sort_key": 107, "question": "Why do we find Acts of Hope, Love, and Contrition of different lengths?", "answer": "We find Acts of Hope, Love, and Contrition of different lengths, because some explain more fully than others what we hope for, why we love God and why we are sorry for our sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "110", "sort_key": 108, "question": "Say the Blessing before Meals.", "answer": "Bless us, O Lord! and these Thy gifts, which we are about to receive from Thy bounty, through Christ Our Lord. Amen.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "111", "sort_key": 109, "question": "Say the Grace after Meals.", "answer": "We give Thee thanks for all Thy benefits, O Almighty God, who livest and reignest for ever; and may the souls of the faithful departed, through the mercy of God, rest in peace. Amen.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "112", "sort_key": 110, "question": "What does \"Grace\" at meals mean?", "answer": "\"Grace\" at meals means the thanks we offer God for the food we are about to receive or have just taken.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "113", "sort_key": 111, "question": "Why should we say \"Grace\" at meals.", "answer": "We should say \"Grace\" at meals to show our gratitude to God, who has given us all we possess and daily supplies our wants.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "114", "sort_key": 112, "question": "Is it wrong to despise or waste our food?", "answer": "It is wrong to despise or waste our food, because we thereby slight the goodness of God, who owes us nothing.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "115", "sort_key": 113, "question": "Is it a sin to neglect \"Grace\" at meals?", "answer": "It is not a sin to neglect \"Grace\" at meals, but only a mark of our ingratitude; for if we are to thank God for all His gifts we should do so especially at the time they are given.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "116", "sort_key": 114, "question": "What do you mean here by a \"lay person\"?", "answer": "By a \"lay person\" I mean here any one who is not a priest.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "117", "sort_key": 115, "question": "What is meant by \"in case of necessity?\"", "answer": "In \"case of necessity\" means here that a person not baptized is in danger of death and there is no priest present to administer the Sacrament.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "118", "sort_key": 116, "question": "How is Baptism given by a \"lay person\"?", "answer": "Whoever baptizes must:--", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "119", "sort_key": 117, "question": "What else is to be observed?", "answer": "In baptizing: (1) The water must touch the skin and flow; (2) the same person who pours the water must say the words; (3) parents should not baptize their own children, if there be any other person present who knows how to baptize; (4) a man, if he be present and knows how to administer the Sacrament, should baptize in preference to a woman; (5) the person baptizing must have the intention of doing what the Church does; (6) he must not repeat the baptism after giving it once correctly.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "120", "sort_key": 118, "question": "What is this baptism called?", "answer": "The baptism given in case of necessity is called private baptism to distinguish it from solemn baptism, which is given in the church with all the ceremonies proper to it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "121", "sort_key": 119, "question": "What do you mean by either sex?", "answer": "\"Either sex\" means man or woman; boy or girl; any person competent to baptize.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "122", "sort_key": 120, "question": "When may we say one \"has reached the use of reason\"?", "answer": "We may say one \"has reached the use of reason\" when he knows the difference between good and bad or right and wrong. Persons acquire this knowledge at about the age of seven years.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "123", "sort_key": 121, "question": "What is a Catechism?", "answer": "A Catechism is a book in the form of questions and answers treating of any subject, especially of religion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "124", "sort_key": 122, "question": "Of what subject does our Catechism treat?", "answer": "Our Catechism treats of religion; that is, of the truths we must believe and of the things we must do to serve God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "125", "sort_key": 123, "question": "Why is it important for us to learn the Catechism?", "answer": "It is important for us to learn the Catechism because it teaches us how to serve God: and unless we serve God in this world we can not be saved in the next; therefore, our knowledge of the Catechism affects our whole existence.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "Lesson TWENTY-NINTH--On the Commandments of God", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "126", "sort_key": 124, "question": "What do we mean by the \"end of man\"?", "answer": "By the \"end of man\" we mean the purpose for which he was created: namely, to know, love, and serve God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "127", "sort_key": 125, "question": "How do you know that man was created for God alone?", "answer": "I know that man was created for God alone because everything in the world was created for something more perfect than itself: but there is nothing in the world more perfect than man; therefore, he was created for something outside this world, and since he was not created for the Angels, he must have been created for God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "128", "sort_key": 126, "question": "In what respect are all men equal?", "answer": "All men are equal in whatever is necessary for their nature and end. They are all composed of a body and soul; they are all created to the image and likeness of God; they are all gifted with understanding and free will; and they have all been created for the same end--God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "129", "sort_key": 127, "question": "Do not men differ in many things?", "answer": "Men differ in many things, such as learning, wealth, power, etc.; but these things belong to the world and not man's nature. He came into this world without them and he will leave it without them. Only the consequences of good or evil done in this world will accompany men to the next.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "130", "sort_key": 128, "question": "{1} Who made the world?", "answer": "God made the world.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "131", "sort_key": 129, "question": "What does \"world\" mean in this question?", "answer": "In this question \"world\" means the universe; that is, the whole creation; all that we now see or may hereafter see.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "132", "sort_key": 130, "question": "{2} Who is God?", "answer": "God is the Creator of heaven and earth, and of all things.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "133", "sort_key": 131, "question": "{3} What is man?", "answer": "Man is a creature composed of body and soul, and made to the image and likeness of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "134", "sort_key": 132, "question": "Does \"man\" in the Catechism mean all human beings?", "answer": "\"Man\" in the Catechism means all human beings, either men or women, boys, girls, or children.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "135", "sort_key": 133, "question": "What is a creature?", "answer": "A creature is anything created, whether it has life or not; body or no body. Every being, person, or thing except God Himself may be called a creature.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "136", "sort_key": 134, "question": "{4} Is this likeness in the body or in the soul?", "answer": "This likeness is chiefly in the soul.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "137", "sort_key": 135, "question": "{5} How is the soul like to God?", "answer": "The soul is like to God because it is a spirit that will never die, and has understanding and free will.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "138", "sort_key": 136, "question": "Is every invisible thing a spirit?", "answer": "Every spirit is invisible--which means can not be seen; but every invisible thing is not a spirit. The wind is invisible, and it is not a spirit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "139", "sort_key": 137, "question": "Has a spirit any other quality?", "answer": "A spirit is also indivisible; that is, it can not be divided into parts, as we divide material things.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "140", "sort_key": 138, "question": "What do the words \"will never die\" mean?", "answer": "By the words \"will never die\" we mean that the soul, when once created, will never cease to exist, whatever be its condition in the next world. Hence we say the soul is immortal or gifted with immortality.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "141", "sort_key": 139, "question": "Why then do we say a soul is dead while in a state of mortal sin?", "answer": "We say a soul is dead while in a state of mortal sin, because in that state it is as helpless as a dead body, and can merit nothing for itself.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "142", "sort_key": 140, "question": "What does our \"understanding\" mean?", "answer": "Our \"understanding\" means the \"gift of reason,\" by which man is distinguished from all other animals, and by which he is enabled to think and thus acquire knowledge and regulate his actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "143", "sort_key": 141, "question": "Can we learn all truths by our reason alone?", "answer": "We can not learn all truths by our reason alone, for some truths are beyond the power of our reason and must be taught to us by God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "144", "sort_key": 142, "question": "What do we call the truths God teaches us?", "answer": "Taken together, we call the truths God teaches us revelation, and we call the manner by which He teaches them also revelation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "145", "sort_key": 143, "question": "What is \"Free Will\"?", "answer": "\"Free Will\" is that gift of God by which we are enabled to choose between one thing and another; and to do good or evil in spite of reward or punishment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "146", "sort_key": 144, "question": "Have brute animals \"understanding\" and \"free will\"?", "answer": "Brute animals have not \"understanding\" and \"free will.\" They have not \"understanding\" because they never change their habits or better their condition. They have not \"free will\" because they never show it in their actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "147", "sort_key": 145, "question": "What gift in animals supplies the place of reason?", "answer": "In animals the gift of \"instinct\" supplies the place of reason in guiding their actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "148", "sort_key": 146, "question": "What is instinct?", "answer": "\"Instinct\" is a gift by which all animals are impelled to follow the laws and habits that God has given to their nature.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "149", "sort_key": 147, "question": "Have men as well as brutes \"instinct\"?", "answer": "Men have \"instinct,\" and they show it when placed in sudden danger, when they have not time to use their reason. A falling man instantly grasps for something to support him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "150", "sort_key": 148, "question": "{6} Why did God make you?", "answer": "God made me to know Him, to love Him, and to serve Him in this world, and to be happy with Him forever in the next.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "151", "sort_key": 149, "question": "Why is it necessary to know God?", "answer": "It is necessary to know God because without knowing Him we cannot love Him; and without loving Him we cannot be saved. We should know Him because He is infinitely true; love Him because He is infinitely beautiful; and serve Him because He is infinitely good.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "152", "sort_key": 150, "question": "{7} Of which must we take more care, our soul or our body?", "answer": "We must take more care of our soul than of our body.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "153", "sort_key": 151, "question": "{8} Why must we take more care of our soul than of our body?", "answer": "We must take more care of our soul than of our body, because in losing our soul we lose God and everlasting happiness.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "154", "sort_key": 152, "question": "{9} What must we do to save our souls?", "answer": "To save our souls, we must worship God by faith, hope, and charity; that is, we must believe in Him, hope in Him, and love Him with all our heart.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "155", "sort_key": 153, "question": "What does \"worship\" mean?", "answer": "\"Worship\" means to give divine honor by acts such as the offering of prayer or sacrifice.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "156", "sort_key": 154, "question": "{10} How shall we know the things which we are to believe?", "answer": "We shall know the things which we are to believe from the Catholic Church, through which God speaks to us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "157", "sort_key": 155, "question": "What do we mean by the \"Church, through which God speaks to us\"?", "answer": "By the \"Church, through which God speaks to us,\" we mean the \"teaching Church\"; that is, the Pope, Bishops, and priests, whose duty it is to instruct us in the truths and practices of our religion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "158", "sort_key": 156, "question": "{11} Where shall we find the chief truths which the Church teaches?", "answer": "We shall find the chief truths which the Church teaches in the Apostles' Creed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "159", "sort_key": 157, "question": "If we shall find only the \"chief truths\" in the Apostles' Creed, where shall we find the remaining truths?", "answer": "We shall find the remaining truths of our Faith in the religious writings and preachings that have been sanctioned by the authority of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "160", "sort_key": 158, "question": "Name some sacred truths not mentioned in the Apostles' Creed.", "answer": "In the Apostles' Creed there is no mention of the Real Presence of Our Lord in the Holy Eucharist, nor of the Infallibility of the Pope, nor of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, nor of some other truths that we are bound to believe.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "161", "sort_key": 159, "question": "{12} Say the Apostles' Creed.", "answer": "I believe in God, the Father Almighty, Creator of heaven and earth; and in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord; who was conceived by the Holy Ghost, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified; died, and was buried. He descended into hell: the third day He arose again from the dead: He ascended into heaven, sitteth at the right hand of God, the Father Almighty: from thence He shall come to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Ghost, the Holy Catholic Church, the communion of Saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting. Amen.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIRST.: ON THE END OF MAN.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "162", "sort_key": 160, "question": "What is a perfection?", "answer": "A perfection is any good quality a thing should have. A thing is perfect when it has all the good qualities it should have.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND.: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "163", "sort_key": 161, "question": "{13} What is God?", "answer": "God is a spirit infinitely perfect.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND.: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "164", "sort_key": 162, "question": "What do we mean when we say God is \"infinitely perfect\"?", "answer": "When we say God is \"infinitely perfect\" we mean there is no limit or bounds to His perfection; for He possesses all good qualities in the highest possible degree and He alone is \"infinitely perfect.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND.: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "165", "sort_key": 163, "question": "{14} Had God a beginning?", "answer": "God had no beginning; He always was and He always will be.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND.: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "166", "sort_key": 164, "question": "{15} Where is God?", "answer": "God is everywhere.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND.: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "167", "sort_key": 165, "question": "How is God everywhere?", "answer": "God is everywhere whole and entire as He is in any one place. This is true and we must believe it, though we cannot understand it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND.: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "168", "sort_key": 166, "question": "{16} If God is everywhere, why do we not see Him?", "answer": "We do not see God, because He is a pure spirit and cannot be seen with bodily eyes.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND.: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "169", "sort_key": 167, "question": "Why do we call God a \"pure spirit\"?", "answer": "We call God a pure spirit because He has no body. Our soul is a spirit, but not a \"pure\" spirit, because it was created for union with our body.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND.: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "170", "sort_key": 168, "question": "Why can we not see God with the eyes of our body?", "answer": "We cannot see God with the eyes of our body because they are created to see only material things, and God is not material but spiritual.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND.: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "171", "sort_key": 169, "question": "{17} Does God see us?", "answer": "God sees us and watches over us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND.: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "172", "sort_key": 170, "question": "Is it necessary for God to watch over us?", "answer": "It is necessary for God to watch over us, for without His constant care we could not exist.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND.: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "173", "sort_key": 171, "question": "{18} Does God know all things?", "answer": "God knows all things, even our most secret thoughts, words, and actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND.: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "174", "sort_key": 172, "question": "{19} Can God do all things?", "answer": "God can do all things, and nothing is hard or impossible to Him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND.: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "175", "sort_key": 173, "question": "When is a thing said to be \"impossible\"?", "answer": "A thing is said to be \"impossible\" when it cannot be done. Many things that are impossible for creatures are possible for God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND.: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "176", "sort_key": 174, "question": "{20} Is God just, holy, and merciful?", "answer": "God is all just, all holy, all merciful, as He is infinitely perfect.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND.: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "177", "sort_key": 175, "question": "Why must God be \"just\" as well as \"merciful\"?", "answer": "God must be just as well as merciful because He must fulfill His promise to punish those who merit punishment, and because He cannot be infinite in one perfection without being infinite in all.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND.: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "178", "sort_key": 176, "question": "Into what sins will the forgetfulness of God's justice lead us?", "answer": "The forgetfulness of God's justice will lead us into sins of presumption.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND.: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "179", "sort_key": 177, "question": "Into what sins will the forgetfulness of God's mercy lead us?", "answer": "The forgetfulness of God's mercy will lead us into sins of despair.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SECOND.: ON GOD AND HIS PERFECTIONS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "180", "sort_key": 178, "question": "What does \"unity,\" and what does \"trinity\" mean?", "answer": "\"Unity\" means being one, and \"trinity\" means three-fold or three in one.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "181", "sort_key": 179, "question": "Can we find an example to fully illustrate the mystery of the Blessed Trinity?", "answer": "We cannot find an example to fully illustrate the mystery of the Blessed Trinity, because the mysteries of our holy religion are beyond comparison.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "182", "sort_key": 180, "question": "{21} Is there but one God?", "answer": "Yes; there is but one God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "183", "sort_key": 181, "question": "{22} Why can there be but one God?", "answer": "There can be but one God because God, being supreme and infinite, cannot have an equal.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "184", "sort_key": 182, "question": "What does \"supreme\" mean?", "answer": "\"Supreme\" means the highest in authority; also the most excellent or greatest possible in anything. Thus in all things God is supreme, and in the Church the Pope is supreme.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "185", "sort_key": 183, "question": "When are two persons said to be equal?", "answer": "Two persons are said to be equal when one is in no way greater than or inferior to the other.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "186", "sort_key": 184, "question": "{23} How many persons are there in God?", "answer": "In God there are three Divine persons, really distinct, and equal in all things--the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "187", "sort_key": 185, "question": "What do \"divine\" and \"distinct\" mean?", "answer": "\"Divine\" means pertaining to God, and \"distinct\" means separate; that is, not confounded or mixed with any other thing.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "188", "sort_key": 186, "question": "{24} Is the Father God?", "answer": "The Father is God and the first Person of the Blessed Trinity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "189", "sort_key": 187, "question": "{25} Is the Son God?", "answer": "The Son is God and the second Person of the Blessed Trinity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "190", "sort_key": 188, "question": "{26} Is the Holy Ghost God?", "answer": "The Holy Ghost is God and the third Person of the Blessed Trinity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "191", "sort_key": 189, "question": "Do \"first,\" \"second,\" and \"third\" with regard to the persons of the Blessed Trinity mean that one person existed before the other or that one is greater than the other?", "answer": "\"First,\" \"second,\" and \"third\" with regard to the persons of the Blessed Trinity do not mean that one person was before the other or that one is greater than the other; for all the persons of the Trinity are eternal and equal in every respect. These numbers are used to mark the distinction between the persons, and they show the order in which the one proceeded from the other.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "192", "sort_key": 190, "question": "{27} What do you mean by the Blessed Trinity?", "answer": "By the Blessed Trinity I mean one God in three Divine Persons.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "193", "sort_key": 191, "question": "{28} Are the three Divine Persons equal in all things?", "answer": "The three Divine Persons are equal in all things.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "194", "sort_key": 192, "question": "{29} Are the three Divine Persons one and the same God?", "answer": "The three Divine Persons are one and the same God, having one and the same Divine nature and substance.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "195", "sort_key": 193, "question": "What do we mean by the \"nature\" and \"substance\" of a thing?", "answer": "By the \"nature\" of a thing we mean the combination of all the qualities that make the thing what it is. By the \"substance\" of a thing we mean the part that never changes, and which cannot be changed without destroying the nature of the thing.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "196", "sort_key": 194, "question": "{30} Can we fully understand how the three Divine Persons are one and the same God?", "answer": "We cannot fully understand how the three Divine Persons are one and the same God, because this is a mystery.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "197", "sort_key": 195, "question": "{31} What is a mystery?", "answer": "A mystery is a truth which we cannot fully understand.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "198", "sort_key": 196, "question": "Is every truth which we cannot understand a mystery?", "answer": "Every truth which we cannot understand is not a mystery; but every revealed truth which no one can understand is a mystery.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "199", "sort_key": 197, "question": "Should we believe truths which we cannot understand?", "answer": "We should and often do believe truths which we cannot understand when we have proof of their existence.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "200", "sort_key": 198, "question": "Give an example of truths which all believe, though many do not understand them.", "answer": "All believe that the earth is round and moving, though many do not understand it. All believe that a seed planted in the ground will produce a flower or tree often with more than a thousand other seeds equal to itself, though many cannot understand how this is done.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "201", "sort_key": 199, "question": "Why must a divine religion have mysteries?", "answer": "A divine religion must have mysteries because it must have supernatural truths and God Himself must teach them. A religion that has only natural truths, such as man can know by reason alone, fully understand and teach, is only a human religion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "202", "sort_key": 200, "question": "Why does God require us to believe mysteries?", "answer": "God requires us to believe mysteries that we may submit our understanding to Him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "203", "sort_key": 201, "question": "By what form of prayer do we praise the Holy Trinity?", "answer": "We praise the Holy Trinity by a form of prayer called the Doxology, which has come down to us almost from the time of the Apostles.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "204", "sort_key": 202, "question": "Say the Doxology.", "answer": "The Doxology is: \"Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost. As it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "205", "sort_key": 203, "question": "Is there any other form of the Doxology?", "answer": "There is another form of the Doxology, which is said in the celebration of the Mass. It is called the \"Gloria in excelsis\" or \"Glory be to God on high,\" &c., the words sung by the Angels at the birth of Our Lord.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRD.: ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "206", "sort_key": 204, "question": "What is the difference between making and creating?", "answer": "\"Making\" means bringing forth or forming out of some material already existing, as workmen do. \"Creating\" means bringing forth out of nothing, as God alone can do.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "207", "sort_key": 205, "question": "Has everything that exists been created?", "answer": "Everything that exists except God Himself has been created.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "208", "sort_key": 206, "question": "{32} Who created heaven and earth, and all things?", "answer": "God created heaven and earth, and all things.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "209", "sort_key": 207, "question": "From what do we learn that God created heaven and earth and all things?", "answer": "We learn that God created heaven and earth and all things from the Bible or Holy Scripture, in which the account of the Creation is given.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "210", "sort_key": 208, "question": "Why did God create all things?", "answer": "God created all things for His own glory and for their or our good.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "211", "sort_key": 209, "question": "Did God leave all things to themselves after He had created them?", "answer": "God did not leave all things to themselves after He had created them; He continues to preserve and govern them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "212", "sort_key": 210, "question": "What do we call the care by which God preserves and governs the world and all it contains?", "answer": "We call the care by which God preserves and governs the world and all it contains His providence.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "213", "sort_key": 211, "question": "{33} How did God create heaven and earth?", "answer": "God created heaven and earth from nothing by His word only; that is, by a single act of His all-powerful will.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "214", "sort_key": 212, "question": "{34} Which are the chief creatures of God?", "answer": "The chief creatures of God are angels and men.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "215", "sort_key": 213, "question": "How may God's creatures on earth be divided?", "answer": "God's creatures on earth may be divided into four classes: (1) Things that exist, as air; (2) Things that exist, grow and live, as plants and trees; (3) Things that exist, grow, live and feel, as animals; (4) Things that exist, grow, live, feel and understand, as man.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "216", "sort_key": 214, "question": "{35} What are angels?", "answer": "Angels are pure spirits without a body, created to adore and enjoy God in heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "217", "sort_key": 215, "question": "If Angels have no bodies, how could they appear?", "answer": "Angels could appear by taking bodies to render themselves visible for a time; just as the Holy Ghost took the form of a dove and the devil took the form of a serpent.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "218", "sort_key": 216, "question": "Name some persons to whom Angels appeared.", "answer": "Angels appeared to the Blessed Virgin and St. Joseph; also to Abraham, Lot, Jacob, Tobias and others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "219", "sort_key": 217, "question": "{36} Were the angels created for any other purpose?", "answer": "The angels were also created to assist before the throne of God and to minister unto Him; they have often been sent as messengers from God to man; and are also appointed our guardians.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "220", "sort_key": 218, "question": "Are all the Angels equal in dignity?", "answer": "All the Angels are not equal in dignity. There are nine choirs or classes mentioned in the Holy Scripture. The highest are called Seraphim and the lowest simply Angels. The Archangels are one class higher than ordinary Angels.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "221", "sort_key": 219, "question": "Mention some Archangels and tell what they did.", "answer": "The Archangel Michael drove Satan out of heaven; the Archangel Gabriel announced to the Blessed Virgin that she was to become the Mother of God. The Archangel Raphael guided and protected Tobias.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "222", "sort_key": 220, "question": "Were Angels ever sent to punish men?", "answer": "Angels were sometimes sent to punish men. An Angel killed 185,000 men in the army of a wicked king who had blasphemed God; an Angel also slew the first-born in the families of the Egyptians who had persecuted God's people.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "223", "sort_key": 221, "question": "What do our guardian Angels do for us?", "answer": "Our guardian Angels pray for us, protect and guide us, and offer our prayers, good works and desires to God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "224", "sort_key": 222, "question": "How do we know that Angels offer our prayers and good works to God?", "answer": "We know that Angels offer our prayers and good works to God because it is so stated in Holy Scripture, and Holy Scripture is the Word of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "225", "sort_key": 223, "question": "Why did God appoint guardian Angels if He watches over us Himself?", "answer": "God appointed guardian Angels to secure for us their help and prayers, and also to show His great love for us in giving us these special servants and faithful friends.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "226", "sort_key": 224, "question": "{37} Were the angels, as God created them, good and happy?", "answer": "The angels, as God created them, were good and happy.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "227", "sort_key": 225, "question": "{38} Did all the angels remain good and happy?", "answer": "All the angels did not remain good and happy; many of them sinned and were cast into hell, and these are called devils or bad angels.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "228", "sort_key": 226, "question": "Do we know the number of good and bad Angels?", "answer": "We do not know the number of the good or bad Angels, but we know it is very great.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "229", "sort_key": 227, "question": "What was the devil's name before he fell, and why was he cast out of heaven?", "answer": "Before he fell, Satan, or the devil, was called Lucifer, or light-bearer, a name which indicates great beauty. He was cast out of heaven because through pride he rebelled against God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "230", "sort_key": 228, "question": "How do the bad Angels act toward us?", "answer": "The bad Angels try by every means to lead us into sin. The efforts they make are called temptations of the devil.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "231", "sort_key": 229, "question": "Why does the devil tempt us?", "answer": "The devil tempts us because he hates goodness, and does not wish us to enjoy the happiness which he himself has lost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "232", "sort_key": 230, "question": "Can we by our own power overcome the temptations of the devil?", "answer": "We cannot by our own power overcome the temptations of the devil, because the devil is wiser than we are; for, being an Angel, he is more intelligent, and he did not lose his intelligence by falling into sin any more than we do now. Therefore, to overcome his temptations we need the help of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTH.: ON CREATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "233", "sort_key": 231, "question": "{39} Who were the first man and woman?", "answer": "The first man and woman were Adam and Eve.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "234", "sort_key": 232, "question": "Are there any persons in the world who are not the descendants of Adam and Eve?", "answer": "There are no persons in the world now, and there never have been any, who are not the descendants of Adam and Eve, because the whole human race had but one origin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "235", "sort_key": 233, "question": "Do not the differences in color, figure, &c., which we find in distinct races indicate a difference in first parents?", "answer": "The differences in color, figure, &c., which we find in distinct races do not indicate a difference in first parents, for these differences have been brought about in the lapse of time by other causes, such as climate, habits, etc.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "236", "sort_key": 234, "question": "{40} Were Adam and Eve innocent and holy when they came from the hand of God?", "answer": "Adam and Eve were innocent and holy when they came from the hand of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "237", "sort_key": 235, "question": "What do we mean by saying Adam and Eve \"were innocent\" when they came from the hand of God?", "answer": "When we say Adam and Eve \"were innocent\" when they came from the hand of God we mean they were in the state of original justice; that is, they were gifted with every virtue and free from every sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "238", "sort_key": 236, "question": "How was Adam's body formed?", "answer": "God formed Adam's body out of the clay of the earth and then breathed into it a living soul.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "239", "sort_key": 237, "question": "How was Eve's body formed?", "answer": "Eve's body was formed from a rib taken from Adam's side during a deep sleep which God caused to come upon him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "240", "sort_key": 238, "question": "Why did God make Eve from one of Adam's ribs?", "answer": "God made Eve from one of Adam's ribs to show the close relationship existing between husband and wife in their marriage union which God then instituted.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "241", "sort_key": 239, "question": "Could man's body be developed from the body of an inferior animal?", "answer": "Man's body could be developed from the body of an inferior animal if God so willed; but science does not prove that man's body was thus formed, while revelation teaches that it was formed directly by God from the clay of the earth.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "242", "sort_key": 240, "question": "Could man's soul and intelligence be formed by the development of animal life and instinct?", "answer": "Man's soul could not be formed by the development of animal instinct; for, being entirely spiritual, it must be created by God, and it is united to the body as soon as the body is prepared to receive it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "243", "sort_key": 241, "question": "{41} Did God give any command to Adam and Eve?", "answer": "To try their obedience, God commanded Adam and Eve not to eat of a certain fruit which grew in the garden of Paradise.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "244", "sort_key": 242, "question": "What was the Garden of Paradise?", "answer": "The Garden of Paradise was a large and beautiful place prepared for man's habitation upon earth. It was supplied with every species of plant and animal and with everything that could contribute to man's happiness.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "245", "sort_key": 243, "question": "Where was the Garden of Paradise situated?", "answer": "The exact place in which the Garden of Paradise--called also the Garden of Eden--was situated is not known, for the deluge may have so changed the surface of the earth that old landmarks were wiped out. It was probably some place in Asia, not far from the river Euphrates.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "246", "sort_key": 244, "question": "What was the tree bearing the forbidden fruit called?", "answer": "The tree bearing the forbidden fruit was called \"the tree of knowledge of good and evil.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "247", "sort_key": 245, "question": "Do we know the name of any other tree in the garden?", "answer": "We know the name of another tree in the Garden called the \"tree of life.\" Its fruit kept the bodies of our first parents in a state of perfect health.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "248", "sort_key": 246, "question": "{42} Which were the chief blessings intended for Adam and Eve had they remained faithful to God?", "answer": "The chief blessings intended for Adam and Eve, had they remained faithful to God, were a constant state of happiness in this life and everlasting glory in the next.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "249", "sort_key": 247, "question": "{43} Did Adam and Eve remain faithful to God?", "answer": "Adam and Eve did not remain faithful to God, but broke His command by eating the forbidden fruit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "250", "sort_key": 248, "question": "Who was the first to disobey God?", "answer": "Eve was the first to disobey God, and she induced Adam to do likewise.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "251", "sort_key": 249, "question": "How was Eve tempted to sin?", "answer": "Eve was tempted to sin by the devil, who came in the form of a serpent and persuaded her to break God's command.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "252", "sort_key": 250, "question": "Which were the chief causes that led Eve into sin?", "answer": "The chief causes that led Eve into sin were: (1) She went into the danger of sinning by admiring what was forbidden, instead of avoiding it; (2) She did not fly from the temptation at once, but debated about yielding to it. Similar conduct on our part will lead us also into sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "253", "sort_key": 251, "question": "{44} What befell Adam and Eve on account of their sin?", "answer": "Adam and Eve, on account of their sin, lost innocence and holiness, and were doomed to sickness and death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "254", "sort_key": 252, "question": "What other evils befell Adam and Eve on account of their sin?", "answer": "Many other evils befell Adam and Eve on account of their sin. They were driven out of Paradise and condemned to toil. God also ordained that henceforth the earth should yield no crops without cultivation, and that the beasts, man's former friends, should become his savage enemies.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "255", "sort_key": 253, "question": "Were we to remain in the Garden of Paradise forever if Adam had not sinned?", "answer": "We were not to remain in the Garden of Paradise forever even if Adam had not sinned, but after passing through the years of our probation or trial upon earth we were to be taken, body and soul, into heaven without suffering death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "256", "sort_key": 254, "question": "{45} What evil befell us on account of the disobedience of our first parents?", "answer": "On account of the disobedience of our first parents, we all share in their sin and punishment, as we should have shared in their happiness if they had remained faithful.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "257", "sort_key": 255, "question": "Is it not unjust to punish us for the sin of our first parents?", "answer": "It is not unjust to punish us for the sin of our first parents, because their punishment consisted in being deprived of a free gift of God; that is, of the gift of original justice to which they had no strict right and which they wilfully forfeited by their act of disobedience.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "258", "sort_key": 256, "question": "But how did the loss of the gift of original justice leave our first parents and us in mortal sin?", "answer": "The loss of the gift of original justice left our first parents and us in mortal sin because it deprived them of the Grace of God, and to be without this gift of Grace which they should have had was to be in mortal sin. As all their children are deprived of the same gift, they, too, come into the world in a state of mortal sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "259", "sort_key": 257, "question": "{46} What other effects followed from the sin of our first parents?", "answer": "Our nature was corrupted by the sin of our first parents, which darkened our understanding, weakened our will, and left in us a strong inclination to evil.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "260", "sort_key": 258, "question": "What do we mean by \"our nature was corrupted\"?", "answer": "When we say \"our nature was corrupted\" we mean that our whole being, body and soul, was injured in all its parts and powers.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "261", "sort_key": 259, "question": "Why do we say our understanding was darkened?", "answer": "We say our understanding was darkened because even with much learning we have not the clear knowledge, quick perception and retentive memory that Adam had before his fall from grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "262", "sort_key": 260, "question": "Why do we say our will was weakened?", "answer": "We say our will was weakened to show that our free will was not entirely taken away by Adam's sin, and that we have it still in our power to use our free will in doing good or evil.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "263", "sort_key": 261, "question": "In what does the strong inclination to evil that is left in us consist?", "answer": "This strong inclination to evil that is left in us consists in the continual efforts our senses and appetites make to lead our souls into sin. The body is inclined to rebel against the soul, and the soul itself to rebel against God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "264", "sort_key": 262, "question": "What is this strong inclination to evil called, and why did God permit it to remain in us?", "answer": "This strong inclination to evil is called concupiscence, and God permits it to remain in us that by His grace we may resist it and thus increase our merits.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "265", "sort_key": 263, "question": "{47} What is the sin called which we inherit from our first parents?", "answer": "The sin which we inherit from our first parents is called original sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "266", "sort_key": 264, "question": "{48} Why is this sin called original?", "answer": "This sin is called original because it comes down to us from our first parents, and we are brought into the world with its guilt on our soul.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "267", "sort_key": 265, "question": "{49} Does this corruption of our nature remain in us after original sin is forgiven?", "answer": "This corruption of our nature and other punishments remain in us after original sin is forgiven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "268", "sort_key": 266, "question": "{50} Was any one ever preserved from original sin?", "answer": "The Blessed Virgin Mary, through the merits of her Divine Son, was preserved free from the guilt of original sin, and this privilege is called her Immaculate Conception.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "269", "sort_key": 267, "question": "Why was the Blessed Virgin preserved from original sin?", "answer": "The Blessed Virgin was preserved from original sin because it would not be consistent with the dignity of the Son of God to have His Mother, even for an instant, in the power of the devil and an enemy of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "270", "sort_key": 268, "question": "How could the Blessed Virgin be preserved from sin by her Divine Son, before her Son was born?", "answer": "The Blessed Virgin could be preserved from sin by her Divine Son before He was born as man, for He always existed as God and foresaw His own future merits and the dignity of His Mother. He therefore by His future merits provided for her privilege of exemption from original sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "271", "sort_key": 269, "question": "What does the \"Immaculate Conception\" mean?", "answer": "The Immaculate Conception means the Blessed Virgin's own exclusive privilege of coming into existence, through the merits of Jesus Christ, without the stain of original sin. It does not mean, therefore, her sinless life, perpetual virginity or the miraculous conception of Our Divine Lord by the power of the Holy Ghost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "272", "sort_key": 270, "question": "What has always been the belief of the Church concerning this truth?", "answer": "The Church has always believed in the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin and to place this truth beyond doubt has declared it an Article of Faith.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "273", "sort_key": 271, "question": "To what should the thoughts of the Immaculate Conception lead us?", "answer": "The thoughts of the Immaculate Conception should lead us to a great love of purity and to a desire of imitating the Blessed Virgin in the practice of that holy virtue.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTH.: ON OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE FALL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "274", "sort_key": 272, "question": "How is sin divided?", "answer": "(1) Sin is divided into the sin we inherit called original sin, and the sin we commit ourselves, called actual sin. (2) Actual sin is sub-divided into greater sins, called mortal, and lesser sins, called venial.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "275", "sort_key": 273, "question": "In how many ways may actual sin be committed?", "answer": "Actual sin may be committed in two ways: namely, by wilfully doing things forbidden, or by wilfully neglecting things commanded.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "276", "sort_key": 274, "question": "What is our sin called when we neglect things commanded?", "answer": "When we neglect things commanded our sin is called a sin of omission. Such sins as wilfully neglecting to hear Mass on Sundays, or neglecting to go to Confession at least once a year, are sins of omission.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "277", "sort_key": 275, "question": "{51} Is original sin the only kind of sin?", "answer": "Original sin is not the only kind of sin; there is another kind of sin, which we commit ourselves, called actual sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "278", "sort_key": 276, "question": "{52} What is actual sin?", "answer": "Actual sin is any wilful thought, word, deed, or omission contrary to the law of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "279", "sort_key": 277, "question": "{53} How many kinds of actual sin are there?", "answer": "There are two kinds of actual sin--mortal and venial.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "280", "sort_key": 278, "question": "{54} What is mortal sin?", "answer": "Mortal sin is a grievous offense against the law of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "281", "sort_key": 279, "question": "{55} Why is this sin called mortal?", "answer": "This sin is called mortal because it deprives us of spiritual life, which is sanctifying grace, and brings everlasting death and damnation on the soul.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "282", "sort_key": 280, "question": "{56} How many things are necessary to make a sin mortal?", "answer": "To make a sin mortal, three things are necessary: a grievous matter, sufficient reflection, and full consent of the will.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "283", "sort_key": 281, "question": "What do we mean by \"grievous matter\" with regard to sin?", "answer": "By \"grievous matter\" with regard to sin we mean that the thought, word or deed by which mortal sin is committed must be either very bad in itself or severely prohibited, and therefore sufficient to make a mortal sin if we deliberately yield to it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "284", "sort_key": 282, "question": "What does \"sufficient reflection and full consent of the will\" mean?", "answer": "\"Sufficient reflection\" means that we must know the thought, word or deed to be sinful at the time we are guilty of it; and \"full consent of the will\" means that we must fully and wilfully yield to it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "285", "sort_key": 283, "question": "What are sins committed without reflection or consent called?", "answer": "Sins committed without reflection or consent are called material sins; that is, they would be formal or real sins if we knew their sinfulness at the time we committed them. Thus to eat flesh meat on a day of abstinence without knowing it to be a day of abstinence or without thinking of the prohibition, would be a material sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "286", "sort_key": 284, "question": "Do past material sins become real sins as soon as we discover their sinfulness?", "answer": "Past material sins do not become real sins as soon as we discover their sinfulness, unless we again repeat them with full knowledge and consent.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "287", "sort_key": 285, "question": "How can we know what sins are considered mortal?", "answer": "We can know what sins are considered mortal from Holy Scripture; from the teaching of the Church, and from the writings of the Fathers and Doctors of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "288", "sort_key": 286, "question": "Why is it wrong to judge others guilty of sin?", "answer": "It is wrong to judge others guilty of sin because we cannot know for certain that their sinful act was committed with sufficient reflection and full consent of the will.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "289", "sort_key": 287, "question": "What sin does he commit who without sufficient reason believes another guilty of sin?", "answer": "He who without sufficient reason believes another guilty of sin commits a sin of rash judgment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "290", "sort_key": 288, "question": "{57} What is venial sin?", "answer": "Venial sin is a slight offense against the law of God in matters of less importance, or in matters of great importance it is an offense committed without sufficient reflection or full consent of the will.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "291", "sort_key": 289, "question": "Can we always distinguish venial from mortal sin?", "answer": "We cannot always distinguish venial from mortal sin, and in such cases we must leave the decision to our confessor.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "292", "sort_key": 290, "question": "Can slight offenses ever become mortal sins?", "answer": "Slight offenses can become mortal sins if we commit them through defiant contempt for God or His law; and also when they are followed by very evil consequences, which we foresee in committing them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "293", "sort_key": 291, "question": "{58} Which are the effects of venial sin?", "answer": "The effects of venial sin are the lessening of the love of God in our heart, the making us less worthy of His help, and the weakening of the power to resist mortal sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "294", "sort_key": 292, "question": "How can we know a thought, word or deed to be sinful?", "answer": "We can know a thought, word or deed to be sinful if it, or the neglect of it, is forbidden by any law of God or of His Church, or if it is opposed to any supernatural virtue.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "295", "sort_key": 293, "question": "{59} Which are the chief sources of sin?", "answer": "The chief sources of sin are seven: Pride, Covetousness, Lust, Anger, Gluttony, Envy, and Sloth, and they are commonly called capital sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "296", "sort_key": 294, "question": "What is pride?", "answer": "Pride is an excessive love of our own ability; so that we would rather sinfully disobey than humble ourselves.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "297", "sort_key": 295, "question": "What effect has pride on our souls?", "answer": "Pride begets in our souls sinful ambition, vainglory, presumption and hypocrisy.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "298", "sort_key": 296, "question": "What is covetousness?", "answer": "Covetousness is an excessive desire for worldly things.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "299", "sort_key": 297, "question": "What effect has covetousness on our souls?", "answer": "Covetousness begets in our souls unkindness, dishonesty, deceit and want of charity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "300", "sort_key": 298, "question": "What is lust?", "answer": "Lust is an excessive desire for the sinful pleasures forbidden by the Sixth Commandment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "301", "sort_key": 299, "question": "What effect has lust on our souls?", "answer": "Lust begets in our souls a distaste for holy things, a perverted conscience, a hatred for God, and it very frequently leads to a complete loss of faith.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "302", "sort_key": 300, "question": "What is anger?", "answer": "Anger is an excessive emotion of the mind excited against any person or thing, or it is an excessive desire for revenge.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "303", "sort_key": 301, "question": "What effect has anger on our soul?", "answer": "Anger begets in our souls impatience, hatred, irreverence, and too often the habit of cursing.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "304", "sort_key": 302, "question": "What is gluttony?", "answer": "Gluttony is an excessive desire for food or drink.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "305", "sort_key": 303, "question": "What kind of a sin is drunkenness?", "answer": "Drunkenness is a sin of gluttony by which a person deprives himself of the use of his reason by the excessive taking of intoxicating drink.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "306", "sort_key": 304, "question": "Is drunkenness always a mortal sin?", "answer": "Deliberate drunkenness is always a mortal sin if the person be completely deprived of the use of reason by it, but drunkenness that is not intended or desired may be excused from mortal sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "307", "sort_key": 305, "question": "What are the chief effects of habitual drunkenness?", "answer": "Habitual drunkenness injures the body, weakens the mind, leads its victim into many vices and exposes him to the danger of dying in a state of mortal sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "308", "sort_key": 306, "question": "What three sins seem to cause most evil in the world?", "answer": "Drunkenness, dishonesty and impurity seem to cause most evil in the world, and they are therefore to be carefully avoided at all times.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "309", "sort_key": 307, "question": "What is envy?", "answer": "Envy is a feeling of sorrow at another's good fortune and joy at the evil which befalls him; as if we ourselves were injured by the good and benefited by the evil that comes to him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "310", "sort_key": 308, "question": "What effect has envy on the soul?", "answer": "Envy begets in the soul a want of charity for our neighbor and produces a spirit of detraction, back-biting and slander.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "311", "sort_key": 309, "question": "What is sloth?", "answer": "Sloth is a laziness of the mind and body, through which we neglect our duties on account of the labor they require.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "312", "sort_key": 310, "question": "What effect has sloth upon the soul?", "answer": "Sloth begets in the soul a spirit of indifference in our spiritual duties and a disgust for prayer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "313", "sort_key": 311, "question": "Why are the seven sources of sin called capital sins?", "answer": "The seven sources of sin are called capital sins because they rule over our other sins and are the causes of them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "314", "sort_key": 312, "question": "What do we mean by our predominant sin or ruling passion?", "answer": "By our predominant sin, or ruling passion, we mean the sin into which we fall most frequently and which we find it hardest to resist.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "315", "sort_key": 313, "question": "How can we best overcome our sins?", "answer": "We can best overcome our sins by guarding against our predominant or ruling sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "316", "sort_key": 314, "question": "Should we give up trying to be good when we seem not to succeed in overcoming our faults?", "answer": "We should not give up trying to be good when we seem not to succeed in overcoming our faults, because our efforts to be good will keep us from becoming worse than we are.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "317", "sort_key": 315, "question": "What virtues are opposed to the seven capital sins?", "answer": "Humility is opposed to pride; generosity to covetousness; chastity to lust; meekness to anger; temperance to gluttony; brotherly love to envy, and diligence to sloth.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTH.: ON SIN AND ITS KINDS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "318", "sort_key": 316, "question": "What does \"incarnation\" mean, and what does \"redemption\" mean?", "answer": "\"Incarnation\" means the act of clothing with flesh. Thus Our Lord clothed His divinity with a human body. \"Redemption\" means to buy back again.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "319", "sort_key": 317, "question": "{60} Did God abandon man after he fell into sin?", "answer": "God did not abandon man after he fell into sin, but promised him a Redeemer, who was to satisfy for man's sin and reopen to him the gates of heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "320", "sort_key": 318, "question": "What do we mean by the \"gates of heaven\"?", "answer": "By the \"gates of heaven\" we mean the divine power by which God keeps us out of heaven or admits us into it, at His pleasure.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "321", "sort_key": 319, "question": "{61} Who is the Redeemer?", "answer": "Our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ is the Redeemer of mankind.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "322", "sort_key": 320, "question": "What does the name \"Jesus\" signify and how was this name given to Our Lord?", "answer": "The name \"Jesus\" signifies Saviour or Redeemer, and this name was given to Our Lord by an Angel who appeared to Joseph and said: \"Mary shall bring forth a Son; and thou shalt call His name Jesus.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "323", "sort_key": 321, "question": "What does the name \"Christ\" signify?", "answer": "The name \"Christ\" means the same as Messias, and signifies Anointed; because, as in the Old Law, Prophets, High Priests and Kings were anointed with oil; so Jesus, the Great Prophet, High Priest and King of the New Law, was anointed as man with the fullness of divine power.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "324", "sort_key": 322, "question": "How did Christ show and prove His divine power?", "answer": "Christ showed and proved His divine power chiefly by His miracles, which are extraordinary works that can be performed only by power received from God, and which have, therefore, His sanction and authority.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "325", "sort_key": 323, "question": "What, then, did the miracles of Jesus Christ prove?", "answer": "The miracles of Jesus Christ proved that whatever He said was true, and that when He declared Himself to be the Son of God He really was what He claimed to be.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "326", "sort_key": 324, "question": "Could not men have been deceived in the miracles of Christ?", "answer": "Men could not have been deceived in the miracles of Christ because they were performed in the most open manner and usually in the presence of great multitudes of people, among whom were many of Christ's enemies, ever ready to expose any deceit. And if Christ performed no real miracles, how, then, could He have converted the world and have persuaded sinful men to give up what they loved and do the difficult things that the Christian religion imposes?", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "327", "sort_key": 325, "question": "Could not false accounts of these miracles have been written after the death of Our Lord?", "answer": "False accounts of these miracles could not have been written after the death of Our Lord; for then neither His friends nor His enemies would have believed them without proof. Moreover, the enemies of Christ did not deny the miracles, but tried to explain them by attributing them to the power of the devil or other causes. Again, the Apostles and the Evangelists who wrote the accounts suffered death to testify their belief in the words and works of Our Lord.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "328", "sort_key": 326, "question": "Did Jesus Christ die to redeem all men of every age and race without exception?", "answer": "Jesus Christ died to redeem all men of every age and race without exception; and every person born into the world should share in His merits, without which no one can be saved.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "329", "sort_key": 327, "question": "How are the merits of Jesus Christ applied to our souls?", "answer": "The merits of Jesus Christ are applied to our souls through the Sacraments, and especially through Baptism and Penance, which restore us to the friendship of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "330", "sort_key": 328, "question": "{62} What do you believe of Jesus Christ?", "answer": "I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, the second Person of the Blessed Trinity, true God and true man.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "331", "sort_key": 329, "question": "Cannot we also be called the Children of God, and therefore His sons and daughters?", "answer": "We can be called the Children of God because He has adopted us by His grace or because He is the Father who has created us; but we are not, therefore, His real Children; whereas, Jesus Christ, His only real and true Son, was neither adopted nor created, but was begotten of His Father from all eternity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "332", "sort_key": 330, "question": "{63} Why is Jesus Christ true God?", "answer": "Jesus Christ is true God because He is the true and only Son of God the Father.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "333", "sort_key": 331, "question": "{64} Why is Jesus Christ true man?", "answer": "Jesus Christ is true man because He is the Son of the Blessed Virgin Mary and has a body and soul like ours.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "334", "sort_key": 332, "question": "Who was the foster father or guardian of Our Lord while on earth?", "answer": "St. Joseph, the husband of the Blessed Virgin, was the foster-father or guardian of Our Lord while on earth.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "335", "sort_key": 333, "question": "Is Jesus Christ in heaven as God or as man?", "answer": "Since His Ascension Jesus Christ is in heaven both as God and as man.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "336", "sort_key": 334, "question": "{65} How many natures are there in Jesus Christ?", "answer": "In Jesus Christ there are two natures, the nature of God and the nature of man.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "337", "sort_key": 335, "question": "{66} Is Jesus Christ more than one person?", "answer": "No. Jesus Christ is but one Divine Person.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "338", "sort_key": 336, "question": "From what do we learn that Jesus Christ is but one person?", "answer": "We learn that Jesus Christ is but one person from Holy Scripture and from the constant teaching of the Church, which has condemned all those who teach the contrary.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "339", "sort_key": 337, "question": "{67} Was Jesus Christ always God?", "answer": "Jesus Christ was always God, as He is the second person of the Blessed Trinity, equal to His Father from all eternity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "340", "sort_key": 338, "question": "{68} Was Jesus Christ always man?", "answer": "Jesus Christ was not always man, but became man at the time of His Incarnation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "341", "sort_key": 339, "question": "{69} What do you mean by the Incarnation?", "answer": "By the Incarnation I mean that the Son of God was made man.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "342", "sort_key": 340, "question": "{70} How was the Son of God made man?", "answer": "The Son of God was conceived and made man by the power of the Holy Ghost, in the womb of the Blessed Virgin Mary.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "343", "sort_key": 341, "question": "{71} Is the Blessed Virgin Mary truly the Mother of God?", "answer": "The Blessed Virgin Mary is truly the Mother of God, because the same Divine Person who is the Son of God is also the Son of the Blessed Virgin Mary.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "344", "sort_key": 342, "question": "{72} Did the Son of God become man immediately after the sin of our first parents?", "answer": "The Son of God did not become man immediately after the sin of our first parents, but was promised to them as a Redeemer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "345", "sort_key": 343, "question": "How many years passed from the time Adam sinned till the time the Redeemer came?", "answer": "About 4,000 years passed from the time Adam sinned till the time the Redeemer came.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "346", "sort_key": 344, "question": "What was the moral condition of the world just before the coming of Our Lord?", "answer": "Just before the coming of Our Lord the moral condition of the world was very bad. Idolatry, injustice, cruelty, immorality and horrid vices were common almost everywhere.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "347", "sort_key": 345, "question": "Why was the coming of the Redeemer so long delayed?", "answer": "The coming of the Redeemer was so long delayed that the world--suffering from every misery--might learn the great evil of sin and know that God alone could help fallen man.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "348", "sort_key": 346, "question": "When was the Redeemer promised to mankind?", "answer": "The Redeemer was first promised to mankind in the Garden of Paradise, and often afterward through Abraham and his descendants, the patriarchs, and through numerous prophets.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "349", "sort_key": 347, "question": "Who were the prophets?", "answer": "The prophets were inspired men to whom God revealed the future, that they might with absolute certainty make it known to the people.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "350", "sort_key": 348, "question": "What did the prophets foretell concerning the Redeemer?", "answer": "The prophets, taken together, foretold so accurately all the circumstances of the birth, life, death, resurrection and glory of the Redeemer that no one who carefully studied their writings could fail to recognize Him when He came.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "351", "sort_key": 349, "question": "Have all these prophecies concerning the Redeemer been fulfilled?", "answer": "All the prophecies concerning the Redeemer have been fulfilled in every point by the circumstances of Christ's birth, life, death, resurrection and glory; and He is, therefore, the Redeemer promised to mankind from the time of Adam.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "352", "sort_key": 350, "question": "Where shall we find these prophecies concerning the Redeemer?", "answer": "We shall find these prophecies concerning the Redeemer in the prophetic books of the Bible or Holy Scripture.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "353", "sort_key": 351, "question": "If the Redeemer's coming was so clearly foretold, why did not all recognize Him when He came?", "answer": "All did not recognize the Redeemer when He came, because many knew only part of the prophecies; and taking those concerning His glory and omitting those concerning His suffering, they could not understand His life.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "354", "sort_key": 352, "question": "{73} How could they be saved who lived before the Son of God became man?", "answer": "They who lived before the Son of God became man could be saved by believing in a Redeemer to come, and by keeping the Commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "355", "sort_key": 353, "question": "{74} On what day was the Son of God conceived and made man?", "answer": "The Son of God was conceived and made man on Annunciation Day--the day on which the Angel Gabriel announced to the Blessed Virgin Mary that she was to be the Mother of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "356", "sort_key": 354, "question": "{75} On what day was Christ born?", "answer": "Christ was born on Christmas Day, in a stable at Bethlehem, over nineteen hundred years ago.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "357", "sort_key": 355, "question": "Why did the Blessed Virgin and St. Joseph go to Bethlehem just before the birth of Our Lord?", "answer": "The Blessed Virgin and St. Joseph went to Bethlehem in obedience to the Roman Emperor, who ordered all his subjects to register their names in the towns or cities of their ancestors. Bethlehem was the City of David, the royal ancestor of Mary and Joseph, hence they had to register there. All this was done by the Will of God, that the prophecies concerning the birth of His Divine Son might be fulfilled.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "358", "sort_key": 356, "question": "Why was Christ born in a stable?", "answer": "Christ was born in a stable because Joseph and Mary were poor and strangers in Bethlehem, and without money they could find no other shelter. This was permitted by Our Lord that we might learn a lesson from His great humility.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "359", "sort_key": 357, "question": "In giving the ancestors or forefathers of Our Lord, why do the Gospels give the ancestors of Joseph, who was only Christ's foster-father, and not the ancestors of Mary, who was Christ's real parent?", "answer": "In giving the ancestors of Our Lord, the Gospels give the ancestors of Joseph: (1) Because the ancestors of women were not usually recorded by the Jews; and (2) Because Mary and Joseph were members of the same tribe, and had, therefore, the same ancestors; so that, in giving the ancestors of Joseph, the Gospels give also those of Mary; and this was understood by those for whom the Gospels were intended.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "360", "sort_key": 358, "question": "Had Our Lord any brothers or sisters?", "answer": "Our Lord had no brothers or sisters. When the Gospels speak of His brethren they mean only His near relations. His Blessed Mother Mary was always a Virgin as well before and at His birth as after it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "361", "sort_key": 359, "question": "Who were among the first to adore the Infant Jesus?", "answer": "The shepherds of Bethlehem, to whom His birth was announced by Angels; and the Magi or three wise men, who were guided to His crib by a miraculous star, were among the first to adore the Infant Jesus. We recall the adoration of the Magi on the feast of the Epiphany, which means appearance or manifestation, namely, of Our Saviour.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "362", "sort_key": 360, "question": "Who sought to kill the Infant Jesus?", "answer": "Herod sought to kill the Infant Jesus because he thought the influence of Christ--the new-born King--would deprive him of his throne.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "363", "sort_key": 361, "question": "How was the Holy Infant rescued from the power of Herod?", "answer": "The Holy Infant was rescued from the power of Herod by the flight into Egypt, when St. Joseph--warned by an Angel--fled hastily into that country with Jesus and Mary.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "364", "sort_key": 362, "question": "How did Herod hope to accomplish his wicked designs?", "answer": "Herod hoped to accomplish his wicked designs by murdering all the infants in and near Bethlehem. The day on which we commemorate the death of these first little martyrs, who shed their blood for Christ's sake, is called the feast of Holy Innocents.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "365", "sort_key": 363, "question": "How may the years of Christ's life be divided?", "answer": "The years of Christ's life may be divided into three parts: (1) His childhood, extending from His birth to His twelfth year, when He went with his parents to worship in the Temple of Jerusalem. (2) His hidden life, which extends from His twelfth to His thirtieth year, during which time He dwelt with His parents at Nazareth. (3) His public life, extending from His thirtieth year--or from His baptism by St. John the Baptist to His death; during which time He taught His doctrines and established His Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "366", "sort_key": 364, "question": "Why is Christ's life thus divided?", "answer": "Christ's life is thus divided to show that all classes find in Him their model. In childhood He gave an example to the young; in His hidden life an example to those who consecrate themselves to the service of God in a religious state; and in His public life an example to all Christians without exception.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "367", "sort_key": 365, "question": "{76} How long did Christ live on earth?", "answer": "Christ lived on earth about thirty-three years, and led a most holy life in poverty and suffering.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "368", "sort_key": 366, "question": "{77} Why did Christ live so long on earth?", "answer": "Christ lived so long on earth to show us the way to heaven by His teachings and example.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTH.: ON THE INCARNATION AND REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "369", "sort_key": 367, "question": "What do we mean by Our Lord's Passion?", "answer": "By Our Lord's Passion we mean His dreadful sufferings from His agony in the garden till the moment of His death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "370", "sort_key": 368, "question": "{78} What did Jesus Christ suffer?", "answer": "Jesus Christ suffered a bloody sweat, a cruel scourging, was crowned with thorns, and was crucified.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "371", "sort_key": 369, "question": "When did Our Lord suffer the \"bloody sweat\"?", "answer": "Our Lord suffered the \"bloody sweat\" while drops of blood came forth from every pore of His body, during His agony in the Garden of Olives, near Jerusalem, where He went to pray on the night His Passion began.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "372", "sort_key": 370, "question": "Who accompanied Our Lord to the Garden of Olives on the night of His Agony?", "answer": "The Apostles Peter, James and John, the same who had witnessed His transfiguration on the mount, accompanied Our Lord to the Garden of Olives, to watch and pray with Him on the night of His agony.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "373", "sort_key": 371, "question": "What do we mean by the transfiguration of Our Lord?", "answer": "By the transfiguration of Our Lord we mean the supernatural change in His appearance when He showed Himself to His Apostles in great glory and brilliancy in which \"His face did shine as the sun and His garments became white as snow.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "374", "sort_key": 372, "question": "Who were present at the transfiguration?", "answer": "There were present at the transfiguration--besides the Apostles Peter, James and John, who witnessed it--the two great and holy men of the Old Law, Moses and Elias, talking with Our Lord.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "375", "sort_key": 373, "question": "What caused Our Lord's agony in the garden?", "answer": "It is believed Our Lord's agony in the garden was caused: (1) By his clear knowledge of all He was soon to endure; (2) by the sight of the many offenses committed against His Father by the sins of the whole world; (3) by His knowledge of men's ingratitude for the blessings of redemption.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "376", "sort_key": 374, "question": "Why was Christ cruelly scourged?", "answer": "Christ was cruelly scourged by Pilate's orders, that the sight of His bleeding body might move His enemies to spare His life.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "377", "sort_key": 375, "question": "Why was Christ crowned with thorns?", "answer": "Christ was crowned with thorns in mockery because He had said He was a King.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "378", "sort_key": 376, "question": "Could Christ, if He pleased, have escaped the tortures of His Passion?", "answer": "Christ could, if He pleased, have escaped the tortures of His Passion, because He foresaw them and had it in His power to overcome His enemies.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "379", "sort_key": 377, "question": "Was it necessary for Christ to suffer so much in order to redeem us?", "answer": "It was not necessary for Christ to suffer so much in order to redeem us, for the least of His sufferings was more than sufficient to atone for all the sins of mankind. By suffering so much He showed His great love for us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "380", "sort_key": 378, "question": "Who betrayed Our Lord?", "answer": "Judas, one of His Apostles, betrayed Our Lord, and from His sin we may learn that even the good may become very wicked by the abuse of their free will.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "381", "sort_key": 379, "question": "How was Christ condemned to death?", "answer": "Through the influence of those who hated Him, Christ was condemned to death, after an unjust trial, at which false witnesses were induced to testify against Him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "382", "sort_key": 380, "question": "{79} On what day did Christ die?", "answer": "Christ died on Good Friday.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "383", "sort_key": 381, "question": "{80} Why do you call that day \"good\" on which Christ died so sorrowful a death?", "answer": "We call that day good on which Christ died because by His death He showed His great love for man, and purchased for him every blessing.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "384", "sort_key": 382, "question": "How long was Our Lord hanging on the cross before He died?", "answer": "Our Lord was hanging on the Cross about three hours before He died. While thus suffering, His enemies stood around blaspheming and mocking Him. By His death He proved Himself a real mortal man, for He could not die in His divine nature.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "385", "sort_key": 383, "question": "What do we call the words Christ spoke while hanging on the Cross?", "answer": "We call the words Christ spoke while hanging on the Cross \"the seven last words of Jesus on the Cross.\" They teach us the dispositions we should have at the hour of death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "386", "sort_key": 384, "question": "Repeat the seven last words or sayings of Jesus on the Cross.", "answer": "The seven last words or sayings of Jesus on the Cross are: (1) \"Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do,\" in which He forgives and prays for His enemies. (2) \"Amen, I say to thee, this day thou shalt be with Me in Paradise,\" in which He pardons the penitent sinner. (3) \"Woman, behold thy Son\"--\"Behold thy Mother,\" in which He gave up what was dearest to Him on earth, and gave us Mary for our Mother. (4) \"My God, my God, why hast Thou forsaken Me?\" from which we learn the suffering of His mind. (5) \"I thirst,\" from which we learn the suffering of His body. (6) \"All is consummated,\" by which He showed the fulfillment of all the prophecies concerning Him and the completion of the work of our redemption. (7) \"Father, into Thy hands I commend my spirit,\" by which He showed His perfect resignation to the Will of His Eternal Father.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "387", "sort_key": 385, "question": "What happened at the death of Our Lord?", "answer": "At the death of Our Lord there were darkness and earthquake; many holy dead came forth from their graves, and the veil concealing the Holy of Holies, in the Temple of Jerusalem, was torn asunder.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "388", "sort_key": 386, "question": "What was the Holy of Holies in the temple?", "answer": "The Holy of Holies was the sacred part of the Temple, in which the Ark of the Covenant was kept, and where the high priest consulted the Will of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "389", "sort_key": 387, "question": "What was the \"Ark of the Covenant\"?", "answer": "The Ark of the Covenant was a precious box in which were kept the tablets of stone bearing the written Commandments of God, the rod which Aaron changed into a serpent before King Pharao, and a portion of the manna with which the Israelites were miraculously fed in the desert. The Ark of the Covenant was a figure of the Tabernacle in which we keep the Holy Eucharist.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "390", "sort_key": 388, "question": "Why was the veil of the Temple torn asunder at the death of Christ?", "answer": "The veil of the Temple was torn asunder at the death of Christ because at His death the Jewish religion ceased to be the true religion, and God no longer manifested His presence in the Temple.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "391", "sort_key": 389, "question": "Why did the Jewish religion, which up to the death of Christ had been the true religion, cease at that time to be the true religion?", "answer": "The Jewish religion, which, up to the death of Christ, had been the true religion, ceased at that time to be the true religion, because it was only a promise of the redemption and figure of the Christian religion, and when the redemption was accomplished and the Christian religion established by the death of Christ, the promise and the figure were no longer necessary.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "392", "sort_key": 390, "question": "Were all the laws of the Jewish religion abolished by the establishment of Christianity?", "answer": "The moral laws of the Jewish religion were not abolished by the establishment of Christianity, for Christ came not to destroy these laws, but to make them more perfect. Its ceremonial laws were abolished when the Temple of Jerusalem ceased to be the House of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "393", "sort_key": 391, "question": "What do we mean by moral and ceremonial laws?", "answer": "By \"moral\" laws we mean laws regarding good and evil. By \"ceremonial\" laws we mean laws regulating the manner of worshipping God in Temple or Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "394", "sort_key": 392, "question": "{81} Where did Christ die?", "answer": "Christ died on Mount Calvary.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "395", "sort_key": 393, "question": "Where was Mount Calvary, and what does the name signify?", "answer": "Mount Calvary was the place of execution, not far from Jerusalem; and the name signifies the \"place of skulls.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "396", "sort_key": 394, "question": "{82} How did Christ die?", "answer": "Christ was nailed to the Cross, and died on it between two thieves.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "397", "sort_key": 395, "question": "Why was Our Lord crucified between thieves?", "answer": "Our Lord was crucified between thieves that His enemies might thus add to His disgrace by making Him equal to the worst criminals.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "398", "sort_key": 396, "question": "{83} Why did Christ suffer and die?", "answer": "Christ suffered and died for our sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "399", "sort_key": 397, "question": "How was Our Lord's body buried?", "answer": "Our Lord's body was wrapped in a clean linen cloth and laid in a new sepulchre or tomb cut in a rock, by Joseph of Arimathea and other pious persons who believed in Our Divine Lord.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "400", "sort_key": 398, "question": "{84} What lessons do we learn from the sufferings and death of Christ?", "answer": "From the sufferings and death of Christ we learn the great evil of sin, the hatred God bears to it, and the necessity of satisfying for it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "401", "sort_key": 399, "question": "{85} Whither did Christ's soul go after His death?", "answer": "After Christ's death His soul descended into hell.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "402", "sort_key": 400, "question": "{86} Did Christ's soul descend into the hell of the damned?", "answer": "The hell into which Christ's soul descended was not the hell of the dammed, but a place or state of rest called Limbo, where the souls of the just were waiting for Him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "403", "sort_key": 401, "question": "{87} Why did Christ descend into Limbo?", "answer": "Christ descended into Limbo to preach to the souls who were in prison--that is, to announce to them the joyful tidings of their redemption.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "404", "sort_key": 402, "question": "{88} Where was Christ's body while His soul was in Limbo?", "answer": "While Christ's soul was in Limbo His body was in the holy sepulchre.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "405", "sort_key": 403, "question": "{89} On what day did Christ rise from the dead?", "answer": "Christ rose from the dead, glorious and immortal, on Easter Sunday, the third day after His death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "406", "sort_key": 404, "question": "Why is the Resurrection the greatest of Christ's miracles?", "answer": "The Resurrection is the greatest of Christ's miracles because all He taught and did is confirmed by it and depends upon it. He promised to rise from the dead and without the fulfillment of that promise we could not believe in Him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "407", "sort_key": 405, "question": "Has any one ever tried to disprove the miracle of the resurrection?", "answer": "Unbelievers in Christ have tried to disprove the miracle of the resurrection as they have tried to disprove all His other miracles; but the explanations they give to prove Christ's miracles false are far more unlikely and harder to believe than the miracles themselves.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "408", "sort_key": 406, "question": "What do we mean when we say Christ rose \"glorious\" from the dead?", "answer": "When we say Christ rose \"glorious\" from the dead we mean that His body was in a glorified state; that is, gifted with the qualities of a glorified body.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "409", "sort_key": 407, "question": "What are the qualities of a glorified body?", "answer": "The qualities of a glorified body are: (1) Brilliancy, by which it gives forth light; (2) Agility, by which it moves from place to place as rapidly as an angel; (3) Subtility, by which material things cannot shut it out; (4) Impassibility, by which it is made incapable of suffering.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "410", "sort_key": 408, "question": "Was Christ three full days in the tomb?", "answer": "Christ was not three full days, but only parts of three days in the tomb.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "411", "sort_key": 409, "question": "{90} How long did Christ stay on earth after His resurrection?", "answer": "Christ stayed on earth forty days after His resurrection, to show that He was truly risen from the dead, and to instruct His apostles.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "412", "sort_key": 410, "question": "Was Christ visible to all and at all times during the forty days He remained on earth after His resurrection?", "answer": "Christ was not visible to all nor at all times during the forty days He remained on earth after His resurrection. We know that He appeared to His apostles and others at least nine times, though He may have appeared oftener.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "413", "sort_key": 411, "question": "How did Christ show that He was truly risen from the dead?", "answer": "Christ showed that He was truly risen from the dead by eating and conversing with His Apostles and others to whom He appeared. He showed the wounds in His hands, feet and side, and it was after His resurrection that He gave to His Apostles the power to forgive sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "414", "sort_key": 412, "question": "{91} After Christ had remained forty days on earth, whither did He go?", "answer": "After forty days Christ ascended into heaven, and the day on which he ascended into heaven is called Ascension Day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "415", "sort_key": 413, "question": "Where did the ascension of Our Lord take place?", "answer": "Christ ascended into heaven from Mount Olivet, the place made sacred by His agony on the night before His death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "416", "sort_key": 414, "question": "Who were present at the ascension and who ascended with Christ?", "answer": "From various parts of Scripture we may conclude there were about 125 persons--though traditions tell us there was a greater number--present at the Ascension. They were the Apostles, the Disciples, the pious women and others who had followed Our Blessed Lord. The souls of the just who were waiting in Limbo for the redemption ascended with Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "417", "sort_key": 415, "question": "Why is the paschal candle which is lighted on Easter morning extinguished at the Mass on Ascension Day?", "answer": "The paschal candle which is lighted on Easter morning signifies Christ's visible presence on earth, and it is extinguished on Ascension Day to show that He, having fulfilled all the prophecies concerning Himself and having accomplished the work of redemption, has transferred the visible care of His Church to His Apostles and returned in His body to heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "418", "sort_key": 416, "question": "{92} Where is Christ in heaven?", "answer": "In heaven Christ sits at the right hand of God the Father Almighty.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "419", "sort_key": 417, "question": "{93} What do you mean by saying that Christ sits at the right hand of God?", "answer": "When I say that Christ sits at the right hand of God I mean that Christ as God is equal to His Father in all things, and that as man He is in the highest place in heaven next to God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTH.: ON OUR LORD'S PASSION, DEATH, RESURRECTION, AND ASCENSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "420", "sort_key": 418, "question": "{94} Who is the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "The Holy Ghost is the third Person of the Blessed Trinity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "421", "sort_key": 419, "question": "Did the Holy Ghost ever appear?", "answer": "The Holy Ghost appeared at times under the form of a dove, and again under the form of tongues of fire; for, being a pure spirit without a body, He can take any form.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "422", "sort_key": 420, "question": "Is the Holy Ghost called by other names?", "answer": "The Holy Ghost is called also the Holy Spirit, the Paraclete, the Spirit of Truth and other names given in Holy Scripture.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "423", "sort_key": 421, "question": "{95} From whom does the Holy Ghost proceed?", "answer": "The Holy Ghost proceeds from the Father and the Son.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "424", "sort_key": 422, "question": "{96} Is the Holy Ghost equal to the Father and the Son?", "answer": "The Holy Ghost is equal to the Father and the Son, being the same Lord and God as they are.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "425", "sort_key": 423, "question": "{97} On what day did the Holy Ghost come down upon the Apostles?", "answer": "The Holy Ghost came down upon the Apostles ten days after the Ascension of our Lord; and the day on which He came down upon the Apostles is called Whitsunday, or Pentecost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "426", "sort_key": 424, "question": "Why is the day on which the Holy Ghost came down upon the Apostles called Whitsunday?", "answer": "The day on which the Holy Ghost came down upon the Apostles is called Whitsunday or White Sunday, probably because the Christians who were baptized on the eve of Pentecost wore white garments for some time afterward, as a mark of the purity bestowed upon their souls by the Sacrament of Baptism.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "427", "sort_key": 425, "question": "Why is this feast called also Pentecost?", "answer": "This feast is called also Pentecost because Pentecost means the fiftieth; and the Holy Ghost came down upon the Apostles fifty days after the resurrection of Our Lord.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "428", "sort_key": 426, "question": "{98} How did the Holy Ghost come down upon the Apostles?", "answer": "The Holy Ghost came down upon the Apostles in the form of tongues of fire.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "429", "sort_key": 427, "question": "What did the form of tongues of fire denote?", "answer": "The form of tongues of fire denoted the sacred character and divine authority of the preaching and teaching of the Apostles, by whose words and fervor all men were to be converted to the love of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "430", "sort_key": 428, "question": "{99} Who sent the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles?", "answer": "Our Lord Jesus Christ sent the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "431", "sort_key": 429, "question": "Did the Apostles know that the Holy Ghost would come down upon them?", "answer": "The Apostles knew that the Holy Ghost would come down upon them; for Christ promised His Apostles that after His Ascension He would send the Holy Ghost, the Spirit of Truth, to teach them all truths and to abide with them forever.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "432", "sort_key": 430, "question": "Has any one ever denied the existence of the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "Some persons have denied the existence of the Holy Ghost; others have denied that He is a real person equal to the Father and the Son; but all these assertions are shown to be false by the words of Holy Scripture and the infallible teaching of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "433", "sort_key": 431, "question": "What are the sins against the Holy Ghost which Our Lord said will not be forgiven either in this world or in the next?", "answer": "The sins against the Holy Ghost which Our Lord said will not be forgiven either in this world or in the next, are sins committed out of pure malice, and greatly opposed to the mercy of God, and are, therefore, seldom forgiven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "434", "sort_key": 432, "question": "{100} Why did Christ send the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "Christ sent the Holy Ghost to sanctify His Church, to enlighten and strengthen the Apostles, and to enable them to preach the Gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "435", "sort_key": 433, "question": "How was the Church sanctified through the coming of the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "The Church was sanctified through the coming of the Holy Ghost by receiving those graces which Christ had merited for His ministers, the bishops and priests, and for the souls of all those committed to their care.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "436", "sort_key": 434, "question": "How were the Apostles enlightened through the coming of the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "The Apostles were enlightened through the coming of the Holy Ghost by receiving the grace to remember and understand in its true meaning all that Christ had said and done in their presence.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "437", "sort_key": 435, "question": "How were the Apostles strengthened through the coming of the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "The Apostles were strengthened through the coming of the Holy Ghost by receiving the grace to brave every danger, even death itself, in the performance of their sacred duties.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "438", "sort_key": 436, "question": "What does \"Apostle,\" and what does \"Gospel\" mean?", "answer": "\"Apostle\" means a person sent, and \"Gospel\" means good tidings or news. Hence the name \"Gospel\" is given to the inspired history of Our Lord's life and works upon earth.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "439", "sort_key": 437, "question": "Name the Apostles.", "answer": "The Apostles were: Peter, Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James, Thaddeus, Simon, and Judas Iscariot, in whose place Mathias was chosen.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "440", "sort_key": 438, "question": "Was St. Paul an Apostle?", "answer": "St. Paul was an Apostle, but as he was not called till after the Ascension of Our Lord he is not numbered among the twelve. He is called the Apostle of the Gentiles; that is, of all those who were not of the Jewish religion or members of the Church of the Old Law.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "441", "sort_key": 439, "question": "How did St. Paul become an Apostle?", "answer": "While on his way to persecute the Christians St. Paul was miraculously converted and called to be an Apostle by Our Lord Himself, who spoke to him. St. Paul was called Saul before his conversion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "442", "sort_key": 440, "question": "Who were the Evangelists?", "answer": "St. Matthew, St. Mark, St. Luke and St. John are called Evangelists, because they wrote the four Gospels bearing their names, and Evangelia is the Latin name for Gospels. St. Mark and St. Luke were not Apostles, but St. Matthew and St. John were both Apostles and Evangelists.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "443", "sort_key": 441, "question": "Why did not the Apostles fully understand when Christ Himself taught them?", "answer": "The Apostles did not fully understand when Christ Himself taught them because during His stay with them on earth they were only preparing to become Apostles; and their minds were yet filled with many worldly thoughts and desires that were to be removed at the coming of the Holy Ghost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "444", "sort_key": 442, "question": "{101} Will the Holy Ghost abide with the Church forever?", "answer": "The Holy Ghost will abide with the Church forever, and guide it in the way of holiness and truth.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "445", "sort_key": 443, "question": "What benefit do we derive from the knowledge that the Holy Ghost will abide with the Church forever?", "answer": "From the knowledge that the Holy Ghost will abide with the Church forever we are made certain that the Church can never teach us falsehood, and can never be destroyed by the enemies of Our Faith.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "446", "sort_key": 444, "question": "What visible power was given to the Apostles through the coming of the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "Through the coming of the Holy Ghost the Apostles received the \"gift of tongues,\" by which they could be understood in every language, though they preached in only one.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "447", "sort_key": 445, "question": "Why did such wonderful gifts accompany Confirmation, or the coming of the Holy Ghost, in the first ages of the Church?", "answer": "Such wonderful gifts accompanied Confirmation in the first ages of the Church to prove the power, truth and divine character of Christianity to those who otherwise might not believe, and to draw the attention of all to the establishment of the Christian Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "448", "sort_key": 446, "question": "Why are these signs not continued everywhere at the present time?", "answer": "These signs are not continued everywhere at the present time, because now that the Church is fully established and its divine character and power proved in other ways, such signs are no longer necessary.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "449", "sort_key": 447, "question": "Were such powers as the \"gift of tongues\" a part of the Sacrament of Confirmation?", "answer": "Such powers as the \"gift of tongues\" were not a part of the Sacrament of Confirmation, but they were added to it by the Holy Ghost when necessary for the good of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINTH.: ON THE HOLY GHOST AND HIS DESCENT UPON THE APOSTLES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "450", "sort_key": 448, "question": "What is an effect?", "answer": "An effect is that which is caused by something else, as smoke, for example, is an effect of fire.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "451", "sort_key": 449, "question": "What does redemption mean?", "answer": "Redemption means the buying back of a thing that was given away or sold.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "452", "sort_key": 450, "question": "What did Adam give away by his sin, and what did Our Lord buy back for him and us?", "answer": "By his sin Adam gave away all right to God's promised gifts of grace in this world and of glory in the next, and Our Lord bought back the right that Adam threw away.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "453", "sort_key": 451, "question": "{102} Which are the chief effects of the Redemption?", "answer": "The chief effects of the Redemption are two: The satisfaction of God's justice by Christ's sufferings and death, and the gaining of grace for men.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "454", "sort_key": 452, "question": "Why do we say \"chief effects\"?", "answer": "We say \"chief effects\" to show that these are the most important but not the only effects of the Redemption--for all the benefits of our holy religion and of its influence upon the world are the effects of the redemption.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "455", "sort_key": 453, "question": "Why did God's justice require satisfaction?", "answer": "God's justice required satisfaction because it is infinite and demands reparation for every fault. Man in his state of sin could not make the necessary reparation, so Christ became man and made it for him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "456", "sort_key": 454, "question": "{103} What do you mean by grace?", "answer": "By grace I mean a supernatural gift of God bestowed on us, through the merits of Jesus Christ, for our salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "457", "sort_key": 455, "question": "What does \"supernatural\" mean?", "answer": "Supernatural means above or greater than nature. All gifts such as health, learning or the comforts of life, that affect our happiness chiefly in this world, are called natural gifts, and all gifts such as blessings that affect our happiness chiefly in the next world are called supernatural or spiritual gifts.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "458", "sort_key": 456, "question": "What do you mean by \"merit\"?", "answer": "Merit means the quality of deserving well or ill for our actions. In the question above it means a right to reward for good deeds done.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "459", "sort_key": 457, "question": "{104} How many kinds of grace are there?", "answer": "There are two kinds of grace, sanctifying grace and actual grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "460", "sort_key": 458, "question": "What is the difference between sanctifying grace and actual grace?", "answer": "Sanctifying grace remains with us as long as we are not guilty of mortal sin; and hence, it is often called habitual grace; but actual grace comes to us only when we need its help in doing or avoiding an action, and it remains with us only while we are doing or avoiding the action.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "461", "sort_key": 459, "question": "{105} What is sanctifying grace?", "answer": "Sanctifying grace is that grace which makes the soul holy and pleasing to God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "462", "sort_key": 460, "question": "{106} What do you call those graces or gifts of God by which we believe in Him, hope in Him, and love Him?", "answer": "Those graces or gifts of God by which we believe in Him, and hope in Him, and love Him, are called the Divine virtues of Faith, Hope, and Charity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "463", "sort_key": 461, "question": "What do you mean by virtue and vice?", "answer": "Virtue is the habit of doing good, and vice is the habit of doing evil. An act, good or bad, does not form a habit; and hence, a virtue or a vice is the result of repeated acts of the same kind.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "464", "sort_key": 462, "question": "Does habit excuse us from the sins committed through it?", "answer": "Habit does not excuse us from the sins committed through it, but rather makes us more guilty by showing how often we must have committed the sin to acquire the habit. If, however, we are seriously trying to overcome a bad habit, and through forgetfulness yield to it, the habit may sometimes excuse us from the sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "465", "sort_key": 463, "question": "{107} What is Faith?", "answer": "Faith is a Divine virtue by which we firmly believe the truths which God has revealed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "466", "sort_key": 464, "question": "{108} What is Hope?", "answer": "Hope is a Divine virtue by which we firmly trust that God will give us eternal life and the means to obtain it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "467", "sort_key": 465, "question": "{109} What is Charity?", "answer": "Charity is a Divine virtue by which we love God above all things for His own sake, and our neighbor as ourselves for the love of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "468", "sort_key": 466, "question": "Why are Faith, Hope and Charity called virtues?", "answer": "Faith, Hope and Charity are called virtues because they are not mere acts, but habits by which we always and in all things believe God, hope in Him, and love Him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "469", "sort_key": 467, "question": "What kind of virtues are Faith, Hope and Charity?", "answer": "Faith, Hope and Charity are called infused theological virtues to distinguish them from the four moral virtues--Prudence, Justice, Fortitude and Temperance.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "470", "sort_key": 468, "question": "Why do we say the three theological virtues are infused and the four moral virtues acquired?", "answer": "We say the three theological virtues are infused; that is, poured into our souls, because they are strictly gifts of God and do not depend upon our efforts to obtain them, while the four moral virtues--Prudence, Justice, Fortitude and Temperance--though also gifts of God, may, as natural virtues, be acquired by our own efforts.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "471", "sort_key": 469, "question": "Why do we believe God, hope in Him, and love Him?", "answer": "We believe God and hope in Him because He is infinitely true and cannot deceive us. We love Him because He is infinitely good and beautiful and worthy of all love.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "472", "sort_key": 470, "question": "What mortal sins are opposed to Faith?", "answer": "Atheism, which is a denial of all revealed truths, and heresy, which is a denial of some revealed truths, and superstition, which is a misuse of religion, are opposed to Faith.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "473", "sort_key": 471, "question": "Who is our neighbor?", "answer": "Every human being capable of salvation of every age, country, race or condition, especially if he needs our help, is our neighbor in the sense of the Catechism.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "474", "sort_key": 472, "question": "Why should we love our neighbor?", "answer": "We should love our neighbor because he is a child of God, redeemed by Jesus Christ, and because he is our brother created to dwell in heaven with us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "475", "sort_key": 473, "question": "{110} What is actual grace?", "answer": "Actual grace is that help of God which enlightens our mind and moves our will to shun evil and do good.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "476", "sort_key": 474, "question": "{111} Is grace necessary to salvation?", "answer": "Grace is necessary to salvation, because without grace we can do nothing to merit heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "477", "sort_key": 475, "question": "{112} Can we resist the grace of God?", "answer": "We can, and unfortunately often do, resist the grace of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "478", "sort_key": 476, "question": "Is it a sin knowingly to resist the grace of God?", "answer": "It is a sin, knowingly, to resist the grace of God, because we thereby insult Him and reject His gifts without which we cannot be saved.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "479", "sort_key": 477, "question": "Does God give His grace to every one?", "answer": "God gives to everyone He creates sufficient grace to save his soul; and if persons do not save their souls, it is because they have not used the grace given.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "480", "sort_key": 478, "question": "{113} What is the grace of perseverance?", "answer": "The grace of perseverance is a particular gift of God which enables us to continue in the state of grace till death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "481", "sort_key": 479, "question": "Can we merit the grace of final perseverance or know when we possess it?", "answer": "We cannot merit the grace of final perseverance, or know when we possess it, because it depends entirely upon God's mercy and not upon our actions. To imagine we possess it would lead us into the sin of presumption.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "482", "sort_key": 480, "question": "Can a person merit any supernatural reward for good deeds performed while he is in mortal sin?", "answer": "A person cannot merit any supernatural reward for good deeds performed while he is in mortal sin; nevertheless, God rewards such good deeds by giving the grace of repentance; and, therefore, all persons, even those in mortal sin, should ever strive to do good.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "483", "sort_key": 481, "question": "Does God reward anything but our good works?", "answer": "God rewards our good intention and desire to serve Him, even when our works are not successful. We should make this good intention often during the day, and especially in the morning.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TENTH.: ON THE EFFECTS OF THE REDEMPTION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "484", "sort_key": 482, "question": "How was the true religion preserved from Adam till the coming of Christ?", "answer": "The true religion was preserved from Adam till the coming of Christ by the patriarchs, prophets and other holy men whom God appointed and inspired to teach His Will and Revelations to the people, and to remind them of the promised Redeemer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "485", "sort_key": 483, "question": "Who were the prophets, and what was their chief duty?", "answer": "The prophets were men to whom God gave a knowledge of future events connected with religion, that they might foretell them to His people and thus give proof that the message came from God. Their chief duty was to foretell the time, place and circumstances of Our Saviour's coming into the world, that men might know when and where to look for Him, and might recognize Him when He came.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "486", "sort_key": 484, "question": "How could they be saved who lived before Christ became man?", "answer": "They who lived before Christ became man could be saved by belief in the Redeemer to come and by keeping the Commandments of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "487", "sort_key": 485, "question": "Was the true religion universal before the coming of Christ?", "answer": "The true religion was not universal before the coming of Christ. It was confined to one people--the descendants of Abraham. All other nations worshipped false gods.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "488", "sort_key": 486, "question": "{114} Which are the means instituted by Our Lord to enable men at all times to share in the fruits of the Redemption?", "answer": "The means instituted by Our Lord to enable men at all times to share in the fruits of His Redemption are the Church and the Sacraments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "489", "sort_key": 487, "question": "{115} What is the Church?", "answer": "The Church is the congregation of all those who profess the faith of Christ, partake of the same Sacraments, and are governed by their lawful pastors under one visible Head.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "490", "sort_key": 488, "question": "How may the members of the Church on earth be divided?", "answer": "The members of the Church on earth may be divided into those who teach and those who are taught. Those who teach, namely, the Pope, bishops and priests, are called the Teaching Church, or simply the Church. Those who are taught are called the Believing Church, or simply the faithful.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "491", "sort_key": 489, "question": "What is the duty of the Teaching Church?", "answer": "The duty of the Teaching Church is to continue the work Our Lord began upon earth, namely, to teach revealed truth, to administer the Sacraments and to labor for the salvation of souls.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "492", "sort_key": 490, "question": "What is the duty of the faithful?", "answer": "The duty of the faithful is to learn the revealed truths taught; to receive the Sacraments, and to aid in saving souls by their prayers, good works and alms.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "493", "sort_key": 491, "question": "What do you mean by \"profess the faith of Christ\"?", "answer": "By \"profess the faith of Christ\" we mean, believe all the truths and practice the religion He has taught.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "494", "sort_key": 492, "question": "What do we mean by \"lawful pastors\"?", "answer": "By \"lawful pastors\" we mean those in the Church who have been appointed by lawful authority and who have, therefore, a right to rule us. The lawful pastors in the Church are: Every priest in his own parish; every bishop in his own diocese, and the Pope in the whole Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "495", "sort_key": 493, "question": "{116} Who is the invisible Head of the Church?", "answer": "Jesus Christ is the invisible Head of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "496", "sort_key": 494, "question": "{117} Who is the visible Head of the Church?", "answer": "Our Holy Father the Pope, the Bishop of Rome, is the Vicar of Christ on earth and the visible Head of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "497", "sort_key": 495, "question": "What does \"vicar\" mean?", "answer": "Vicar is a name used in the Church to designate a person who acts in the name and authority of another. Thus a Vicar Apostolic is one who acts in the name of the Pope, and a Vicar General is one who acts in the name of the bishop.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "498", "sort_key": 496, "question": "Could any one be Pope without being Bishop of Rome?", "answer": "One could not be Pope without being Bishop of Rome, and whoever is elected Pope must give up his title to any other diocese and take the title of Bishop of Rome.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "499", "sort_key": 497, "question": "{118} Why is the Pope, the Bishop of Rome, the visible Head of the Church?", "answer": "The Pope, the Bishop of Rome, is the visible Head of the Church because he is the successor of St. Peter, whom Christ made the chief of the Apostles and the visible Head of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "500", "sort_key": 498, "question": "Why are Catholics called \"Roman\"?", "answer": "Catholics are called Roman to show that they are in union with the true Church founded by Christ and governed by the Apostles under the direction of St. Peter, by divine appointment the Chief of the Apostles, who founded the Church of Rome and was its first bishop.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "501", "sort_key": 499, "question": "By what name is a bishop's diocese sometimes called?", "answer": "A bishop's diocese is sometimes called his see. The diocese of Rome, on account of its authority and dignity, is called the Holy See, and its bishop is called the Holy Father or Pope. Pope means father.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "502", "sort_key": 500, "question": "What do we call the right by which St. Peter or his successor has always been the head of the Church and of all its bishops?", "answer": "We call the right by which St. Peter or his successor has always been the head of the Church, and of all its bishops, the Primacy of St. Peter or of the Pope. Primacy means holding first place.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "503", "sort_key": 501, "question": "How is it shown that St. Peter or his successor has always been the head of the Church?", "answer": "It is shown that St. Peter or his successor has always been the head of the Church: (1) From the words of Holy Scripture, which tell how Christ appointed Peter Chief of the Apostles and head of the Church. (2) From the history of the Church, which shows that Peter and his successors have always acted and have always been recognized as the head of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "504", "sort_key": 502, "question": "How do we know that the rights and privileges bestowed on St. Peter were given also to his successors--the Popes?", "answer": "We know that the rights and privileges bestowed on St. Peter were given also to his successors, the Popes, because the promises made to St. Peter by Our Lord were to be fulfilled in the Church till the end of time, and as Peter was not to live till the end of time, they are fulfilled in his successors.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "505", "sort_key": 503, "question": "Did St. Peter establish any Church before he came to Rome?", "answer": "Before he came to Rome, St. Peter established a Church at Antioch and ruled over it for several years.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "506", "sort_key": 504, "question": "{119} Who are the successors of the other Apostles?", "answer": "The successors of the other Apostles are the Bishops of the Holy Catholic Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "507", "sort_key": 505, "question": "How do we know that the bishops of the Church are the successors of the Apostles?", "answer": "We know that the bishops of the Church are the successors of the Apostles because they continue the work of the Apostles and give proof of the same authority. They have always exercised the rights and powers that belonged to the Apostles in making laws for the Church, in consecrating bishops and ordaining priests.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "508", "sort_key": 506, "question": "{120} Why did Christ found the Church?", "answer": "Christ founded the Church to teach, govern, sanctify, and save all men.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "509", "sort_key": 507, "question": "{121} Are all bound to belong to the Church?", "answer": "All are bound to belong to the Church, and he who knows the Church to be the true Church and remains out of it cannot be saved.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "510", "sort_key": 508, "question": "Is it ever possible for one to be saved who does not know the Catholic Church to be the true Church?", "answer": "It is possible for one to be saved who does not know the Catholic Church to be the true Church, provided that person: (1) has been validly baptized; (2) firmly believes the religion he professes and practices to be the true religion, and (3) dies without the guilt of mortal sin on his soul.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "511", "sort_key": 509, "question": "Why do we say it is only possible for a person to be saved who does not know the Catholic Church to be the true Church?", "answer": "We say it is only possible for a person to be saved who does not know the Catholic Church to be the true Church, because the necessary conditions are not often found, especially that of dying in a state of grace without making use of the Sacrament of Penance.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "512", "sort_key": 510, "question": "How are such persons said to belong to the Church?", "answer": "Such persons are said to belong to the \"soul of the church\"; that is, they are really members of the Church without knowing it. Those who share in its Sacraments and worship are said to belong to the body or visible part of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "513", "sort_key": 511, "question": "Why must the true Church be visible?", "answer": "The true Church must be visible because its founder, Jesus Christ, commanded us under pain of condemnation to hear the Church; and He could not in justice command us to hear a Church that could not be seen and known.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "514", "sort_key": 512, "question": "What excuses do some give for not becoming members of the true Church?", "answer": "The excuses some give for not becoming members of the true church are: (1) They do not wish to leave the religion in which they were born; (2) There are too many poor and ignorant people in the Catholic Church; (3) One religion is as good as another if we try to serve God in it, and be upright and honest in our lives.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "515", "sort_key": 513, "question": "How do you answer such excuses?", "answer": "(1) To say that we should remain in a false religion because we were born in it is as untrue as to say we should not heal our bodily diseases because we were born with them; (2) To say there are too many poor and ignorant in the Catholic Church is to declare that it is Christ's Church; for He always taught the poor and ignorant and instructed His Church to continue the work; (3) To say that one religion is as good as another is to assert that Christ labored uselessly and taught falsely; for He came to abolish the old religion and found the new in which alone we can be saved as He Himself declared.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "516", "sort_key": 514, "question": "Why can there be only one true religion?", "answer": "There can be only one true religion, because a thing cannot be false and true at the same time, and, therefore, all religions that contradict the teaching of the true Church must teach falsehood. If all religions in which men seek to serve God are equally good and true, why did Christ disturb the Jewish religion and the Apostles condemn heretics?", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON ELEVENTH.: ON THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "517", "sort_key": 515, "question": "What is an attribute?", "answer": "An attribute is any characteristic or quality that a person or thing may be said to have. All perfections or imperfections are attributes.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "518", "sort_key": 516, "question": "What is a mark?", "answer": "A mark is a given and known sign by which a thing can be distinguished from all others of its kind. Thus a trademark is used to distinguish the article bearing it from all imitations of the same article.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "519", "sort_key": 517, "question": "How do we know that the Church must have the four marks and three attributes usually ascribed or given to it?", "answer": "We know that the Church must have the four marks and three attributes usually ascribed or given to it from the words of Christ given in the Holy Scripture and in the teaching of the Church from its beginning.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "520", "sort_key": 518, "question": "Can the Church have the four marks without the three attributes?", "answer": "The Church cannot have the four marks without the three attributes, because the three attributes necessarily come with the marks and without them the marks could not exist.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "521", "sort_key": 519, "question": "Why are both marks and attributes necessary in the Church?", "answer": "Both marks and attributes are necessary in the Church, for the marks teach us its external or visible qualities, while the attributes teach us its internal or invisible qualities. It is easier to discover the marks than the attributes; for it is easier to see that the Church is one than that it is infallible.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "522", "sort_key": 520, "question": "{122} Which are the attributes of the Church?", "answer": "The attributes of the Church are three: authority, infallibility, and indefectibility.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "523", "sort_key": 521, "question": "What is authority?", "answer": "Authority is the power which one person has over another so as to be able to justly exact obedience. Rulers have authority over their subjects, parents over their children, and teachers over their scholars.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "524", "sort_key": 522, "question": "From whom must all persons derive whatever lawful authority they possess?", "answer": "All persons must derive whatever lawful authority they possess from God Himself, from whom they receive it directly or indirectly. Therefore, to disobey our lawful superiors is to disobey God Himself, and hence such disobedience is always sinful.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "525", "sort_key": 523, "question": "{123} What do you mean by the authority of the Church?", "answer": "By the authority of the Church I mean the right and power which the Pope and the Bishops, as the successors of the Apostles, have to teach and to govern the faithful.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "526", "sort_key": 524, "question": "{124} What do you mean by the infallibility of the Church?", "answer": "By the infallibility of the Church I mean that the Church can not err when it teaches a doctrine of faith or morals.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "527", "sort_key": 525, "question": "What do we mean by a \"doctrine of faith or morals\"?", "answer": "By a doctrine of faith or morals we mean the revealed teaching that refers to whatever we must believe and do in order to be saved.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "528", "sort_key": 526, "question": "How do you know that the Church can not err?", "answer": "I know that the Church can not err because Christ promised that the Holy Ghost would remain with it forever and save it from error. If, therefore, the Church has erred, the Holy Ghost must have abandoned it and Christ has failed to keep His promise, which is a thing impossible.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "529", "sort_key": 527, "question": "Since the Church can not err, could it ever be reformed in its teaching of faith or morals?", "answer": "Since the Church can not err, it could never be reformed in its teaching of faith or morals. Those who say the Church needed reformation in faith or morals accuse Our Lord of falsehood and deception.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "530", "sort_key": 528, "question": "{125} When does the Church teach infallibly?", "answer": "The Church teaches infallibly when it speaks through the Pope and Bishops united in general council, or through the Pope alone when he proclaims to all the faithful a doctrine of faith or morals.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "531", "sort_key": 529, "question": "What is necessary that the Pope may speak infallibly or ex-cathedra?", "answer": "That the Pope may speak infallibly, or ex-cathedra, (1) He must speak on a subject of faith or morals; (2) He must speak as the Vicar of Christ and to the whole Church; (3) He must indicate by certain words, such as, we define, we proclaim, &c., that he intends to speak infallibly.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "532", "sort_key": 530, "question": "Is the Pope infallible in everything he says and does?", "answer": "The Pope is not infallible in everything he says and does, because the Holy Ghost was not promised to make him infallible in everything, but only in matters of faith and morals for the whole Church. Nevertheless, the Pope's opinion on any subject deserves our greatest respect on account of his learning, experience and dignity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "533", "sort_key": 531, "question": "Can the Pope commit sin?", "answer": "The Pope can commit sin and he must seek forgiveness in the Sacrament of Penance as others do. Infallibility does not prevent him from sinning, but from teaching falsehood when he speaks ex-cathedra.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "534", "sort_key": 532, "question": "What does ex-cathedra mean?", "answer": "\"Cathedra\" means a seat, and \"ex\" means out of. Therefore, ex-cathedra means speaking from the seat or official place held by St. Peter and his successors as the head of the whole Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "535", "sort_key": 533, "question": "Why is the chief Church in a diocese called a Cathedral?", "answer": "The chief Church in a diocese is called a Cathedral because the bishop's cathedra, that is, his seat or throne, is erected in it, and because he celebrates all important feasts and performs all his special duties in it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "536", "sort_key": 534, "question": "How many Popes have governed the Church from St. Peter to Pius XI.?", "answer": "From St. Peter to Pius XI., 261 Popes have governed the Church; and many of them have been remarkable for their zeal, prudence, learning and sanctity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "537", "sort_key": 535, "question": "What does anti-pope mean, and who were the anti-popes?", "answer": "Anti-pope means a pretended pope. The anti-popes were men who by the aid of faithless Christians or others unlawfully seized and claimed the papal power while the lawful pope was in prison or exile.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "538", "sort_key": 536, "question": "Why must the Pope sometimes warn us on political and other matters?", "answer": "The Pope must sometimes warn us on political and other matters, because whatever nations or men do is either good or bad, just or unjust, and wherever the Pope discovers falsehood, wickedness or injustice he must speak against it and defend the truths of faith and morals. He must protect also the temporal rights and property of the Church committed to his care.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "539", "sort_key": 537, "question": "What do we mean by the \"temporal power\" of the Pope?", "answer": "By the temporal power of the Pope we mean the right which the Pope has as a temporal or ordinary ruler to govern the states and manage the properties that have rightfully come into the possession of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "540", "sort_key": 538, "question": "How did the Pope acquire and how was he deprived of the temporal power?", "answer": "The Pope acquired the temporal power in a just manner by the consent of those who had a right to bestow it. He was deprived of it in an unjust manner by political changes.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "541", "sort_key": 539, "question": "How was the temporal power useful to the Church?", "answer": "The temporal power was useful to the Church (1) because it gave the Pope the complete independence necessary for the government of the Church and for the defense of truth and virtue. (2) It enabled him to do much for the spread of the true religion by giving alms for the establishment and support of Churches and schools in poor or pagan countries.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "542", "sort_key": 540, "question": "What name do we give to the offerings made yearly by the faithful for the support of the Pope and the government of the Church?", "answer": "We call the offerings made yearly by the faithful for the support of the Pope and government of the Church \"Peter's pence.\" It derives its name from the early custom of sending yearly a penny from every house to the successor of St. Peter, as a mark of respect or as an alms for some charity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "543", "sort_key": 541, "question": "{126} What do you mean by the indefectibility of the Church?", "answer": "By the indefectibility of the Church I mean that the Church, as Christ founded it, will last till the end of time.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "544", "sort_key": 542, "question": "What is the difference between the infallibility and indefectibility of the Church?", "answer": "When we say the Church is infallible we mean that it can never teach error while it lasts; but when we say the Church is indefectible, we mean that it will last forever and be infallible forever; that it will always remain as Our Lord founded it and never change the doctrines He taught.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "545", "sort_key": 543, "question": "Did Our Lord Himself make all the laws of the Church?", "answer": "Our Lord Himself did not make all the laws of the Church. He gave the Church also power to make laws to suit the needs of the times, places or persons as it judged necessary.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "546", "sort_key": 544, "question": "Can the Church change its laws?", "answer": "The Church can, when necessary, change the laws it has itself made, but it cannot change the laws that Christ has made. Neither can the Church change any doctrine of faith or morals.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "547", "sort_key": 545, "question": "{127} In whom are these attributes found in their fullness?", "answer": "These attributes are found in their fullness in the Pope, the visible Head of the Church, whose infallible authority to teach bishops, priests, and people in matters of faith or morals will last to the end of the world.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "548", "sort_key": 546, "question": "{128} Has the Church any marks by which it may be known?", "answer": "The Church has four marks by which it may be known: it is One; it is Holy; it is Catholic; it is Apostolic.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "549", "sort_key": 547, "question": "{129} How is the Church One?", "answer": "The Church is One because all its members agree in one faith, are all in one communion, and are all under one head.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "550", "sort_key": 548, "question": "How is it evident that the Church is one in government?", "answer": "It is evident that the Church is one in government, for the faithful in a parish are subject to their pastors, the pastors are subject to the bishops of their dioceses, and the bishops of the world are subject to the Pope.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "551", "sort_key": 549, "question": "What is meant by the Hierarchy of the Church?", "answer": "By the Hierarchy of the Church is meant the sacred body of clerical rules who govern the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "552", "sort_key": 550, "question": "How is it evident that the Church is one in worship?", "answer": "It is evident that the Church is one in worship because all its members make use of the same sacrifice and receive the same Sacraments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "553", "sort_key": 551, "question": "How is it evident that the Church is one in faith?", "answer": "It is evident the Church is one in faith because all Catholics throughout the world believe each and every article of faith proposed by the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "554", "sort_key": 552, "question": "Could a person who denies only one article of our faith be a Catholic?", "answer": "A person who denies even one article of our faith could not be a Catholic; for truth is one and we must accept it whole and entire or not at all.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "555", "sort_key": 553, "question": "Are there any pious beliefs and practices in the Church that are not articles of faith?", "answer": "There are many pious beliefs and practices in the Church that are not articles of faith; that is, we are not bound under pain of sin to believe in them; yet we will often find them useful aids to holiness, and hence they are recommended by our pastors.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "556", "sort_key": 554, "question": "Of what sin are persons guilty who put firm belief in religious or other practices that are either forbidden or useless?", "answer": "Persons who put a firm belief in religious or other practices that are forbidden or useless are guilty of the sin of superstition.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "557", "sort_key": 555, "question": "Where does the Church find the revealed truths it is bound to teach?", "answer": "The Church finds the revealed truths it is bound to teach in the Holy Scripture and revealed traditions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "558", "sort_key": 556, "question": "What is the Holy Scripture or Bible?", "answer": "The Holy Scripture or Bible is the collection of sacred, inspired writings through which God has made known to us many revealed truths. Some call them letters from Heaven to earth, that is, from God to man.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "559", "sort_key": 557, "question": "What is meant by the Canon of the Sacred Scriptures?", "answer": "The Canon of Sacred Scriptures means the list the Church has prepared to teach us what sacred writings are Holy Scripture and contain the inspired word of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "560", "sort_key": 558, "question": "Where does the Church find the revealed traditions?", "answer": "The Church finds the revealed traditions in the decrees of its councils; in its books of worship; in its paintings and inscriptions on tombs and monuments; in the lives of its Saints; the writings of its Fathers, and in its own history.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "561", "sort_key": 559, "question": "Must we ourselves seek in the Scriptures and traditions for what we are to believe?", "answer": "We ourselves need not seek in the Scriptures and traditions for what we are to believe. God has appointed the Church to be our guide to salvation and we must accept its teaching us our infallible rule of faith.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "562", "sort_key": 560, "question": "How do we show that the Holy Scriptures alone could not be our guide to salvation and infallible rule of faith?", "answer": "We show that the Holy Scripture alone could not be our guide to salvation and infallible rule of faith: (1) Because all men cannot examine or understand the Holy Scripture; but all can listen to the teaching of the Church; (2) Because the New Testament or Christian part of the Scripture was not written at the beginning of the Church's existence, and, therefore, could not have been used as the rule of faith by the first Christians; (3) Because there are many things in the Holy Scripture that cannot be understood without the explanation given by tradition, and hence those who take the Scripture alone for their rule of faith are constantly disputing about its meaning and what they are to believe.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "563", "sort_key": 561, "question": "{130} How is the Church Holy?", "answer": "The Church is Holy because its founder, Jesus Christ, is holy; because it teaches a holy doctrine; invites all to a holy life; and because of the eminent holiness of so many thousands of its children.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "564", "sort_key": 562, "question": "{131} How is the Church Catholic or universal?", "answer": "The Church is Catholic or universal because it subsists in all ages, teaches all nations, and maintains all truth.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "565", "sort_key": 563, "question": "How do you show that the Catholic Church is universal in time, in place, and in doctrine?", "answer": "(1) The Catholic Church is universal in time, for from the time of the Apostles to the present it has existed, taught and labored in every age; (2) It is universal in place, for it has taught throughout the whole world; (3) It is universal in doctrine, for it teaches the same everywhere, and its doctrines are suited to all classes of persons. It has converted all the pagan nations that have ever been converted.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "566", "sort_key": 564, "question": "Why does the Church use the Latin language instead of the national language of its children?", "answer": "The Church uses the Latin language instead of the national language of its children: (1) To avoid the danger of changing any part of its teaching in using different languages; (2) That all its rulers may be perfectly united and understood in their communications; (3) To show that the Church is not an institute of any particular nation, but the guide of all nations.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "567", "sort_key": 565, "question": "{132} How is the Church Apostolic?", "answer": "The Church is Apostolic because it was founded by Christ on His Apostles, and is governed by their lawful successors, and because it has never ceased, and never will cease, to teach their doctrine.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "568", "sort_key": 566, "question": "Does the Church, by defining certain truths, thereby make new doctrines?", "answer": "The Church, by defining, that is, by proclaiming certain truths, articles of faith, does not make new doctrines, but simply teaches more clearly and with greater effort truths that have always been believed and held by the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "569", "sort_key": 567, "question": "What, then, is the use of defining or declaring a truth an article of faith if it has always been believed?", "answer": "The use of defining or declaring a truth an article of faith, even when it has always been believed, is: (1) To clearly contradict those who deny it and show their teaching false; (2) To remove all doubt about the exact teaching of the Church, and to put an end to all discussion about the truth defined.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "570", "sort_key": 568, "question": "{133} In which Church are these attributes and marks found?", "answer": "These attributes and marks are found in the Holy Roman Catholic Church alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "571", "sort_key": 569, "question": "How do you show that Protestant Churches have not the marks of the true Church?", "answer": "Protestant Churches have not the marks of the true Church, because:", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "572", "sort_key": 570, "question": "{134} From whom does the Church derive its undying life and infallible authority?", "answer": "The Church derives its undying life and infallible authority from the Holy Ghost, the spirit of truth, who abides with it forever.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "573", "sort_key": 571, "question": "{135} By whom is the Church made and kept One, Holy, and Catholic?", "answer": "The Church is made and kept One, Holy, and Catholic by the Holy Ghost, the spirit of love and holiness, who unites and sanctifies its members throughout the world.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWELFTH.: ON THE ATTRIBUTES AND MARKS OF THE CHURCH.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "574", "sort_key": 572, "question": "{136} What is a Sacrament?", "answer": "A Sacrament is an outward sign instituted by Christ to give grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "575", "sort_key": 573, "question": "Are these three things, namely: An outward or visible sign, the institution of that sign by Christ, and the giving of grace through the use of that sign, always necessary for the existence of a Sacrament?", "answer": "These three things, namely: An outward or visible sign, the institution of that sign by Christ, and the giving of grace through the use of that sign, are always necessary for the existence of a Sacrament, and if any of the three be wanting there can be no Sacrament.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "576", "sort_key": 574, "question": "Why does the Church use numerous ceremonies or actions in applying the outward signs of the Sacraments?", "answer": "The Church uses numerous ceremonies or actions in applying the outward signs of the Sacraments to increase our reverence and devotion for the Sacraments, and to explain their meaning and effects.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "577", "sort_key": 575, "question": "{137} How many Sacraments are there?", "answer": "There are seven Sacraments: Baptism, Confirmation, Holy Eucharist, Penance, Extreme Unction, Holy Orders, and Matrimony.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "578", "sort_key": 576, "question": "Were all the Sacraments instituted by Our Lord?", "answer": "All the Sacraments were instituted by Our Lord, for God alone has power to attach the gift of grace to the use of an outward or visible sign. The Church, however, can institute the ceremonies to be used in administering or giving the Sacraments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "579", "sort_key": 577, "question": "How do we know there are seven Sacraments and no more or less?", "answer": "We know there are seven Sacraments and no more or less because the Church always taught that truth. The number of the Sacraments is a matter of faith, and the Church cannot be mistaken in matters of faith.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "580", "sort_key": 578, "question": "Why have the Sacraments been instituted?", "answer": "The Sacraments have been instituted as a special means through which we are to receive the grace merited for us by Christ. As Christ is the giver of the grace, He has the right to determine the manner in which it shall be given, and one who refuses to make use of the Sacraments will not receive God's grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "581", "sort_key": 579, "question": "Do the Sacraments recall in any way the means by which Our Lord merited the graces we receive through them?", "answer": "The Sacraments recall in many ways the means by which Our Lord merited the graces we receive through them. Baptism recalls His profound humility; Confirmation His ceaseless prayer; Holy Eucharist His care of the needy; Penance His mortified life; Extreme Unction His model death; Holy Orders His establishment of the priesthood, and Matrimony His close union with the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "582", "sort_key": 580, "question": "Give, for example, the outward sign in Baptism and Confirmation.", "answer": "The outward sign in Baptism is the pouring of the water and the saying of the words of Baptism. The outward sign in Confirmation is the anointing with oil, the saying of the words of Confirmation and the placing of the bishop's hands over the person he confirms.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "583", "sort_key": 581, "question": "What is the use of the outward signs in the Sacraments?", "answer": "Without the outward signs in the Sacraments we could not know when or with what effect the grace of the Sacraments enters into our souls.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "584", "sort_key": 582, "question": "Does the outward sign merely indicate that grace has been given, or does the use of the outward sign with the proper intention also give the grace of the Sacrament?", "answer": "The outward sign is not used merely to indicate that grace has been given, for the use of the outward sign with the proper intention also gives the grace of the Sacrament. Hence the right application of the outward sign is always followed by the gift of internal grace if the Sacrament be administered with the right intention and received with the right dispositions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "585", "sort_key": 583, "question": "What do we mean by the \"right intention\" for the administration of the Sacraments?", "answer": "By the right intention for the administration of the Sacraments we mean that whoever administers a Sacrament must have the intention of doing what Christ intended when He instituted the Sacrament and what the Church intends when it administers the Sacrament.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "586", "sort_key": 584, "question": "Is there any likeness between the thing used in the outward sign and the grace given in each Sacrament?", "answer": "There is a great likeness between the thing used in the outward sign and the grace given in each Sacrament; thus water is used for cleansing; Baptism cleanses the soul; Oil gives strength and light; Confirmation strengthens and enlightens the soul; Bread and wine nourish; the Holy Eucharist nourishes the soul.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "587", "sort_key": 585, "question": "What do we mean by the \"matter and form\" of the Sacraments?", "answer": "By the \"matter\" of the Sacraments we mean the visible things, such as water, oil, bread, wine, &c., used for the Sacraments. By the \"form\" we mean the words, such as \"I baptize thee,\" \"I confirm thee,\" &c., used in giving or administering the Sacraments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "588", "sort_key": 586, "question": "Do the needs of the soul resemble the needs of the body?", "answer": "The needs of the soul do resemble the needs of the body; for the body must be born, strengthened, nourished, healed in affliction, helped at the hour of death, guided by authority, and given a place in which to dwell. The soul is brought into spiritual life by Baptism; it is strengthened by Confirmation; nourished by the Holy Eucharist; healed by Penance; helped at the hour of our death by Extreme Unction; guided by God's ministers through the Sacrament of Holy Orders, and it is given a body in which to dwell by the Sacrament of Matrimony.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "589", "sort_key": 587, "question": "{138} Whence have the Sacraments the power of giving grace?", "answer": "The Sacraments have the power of giving grace from the merits of Jesus Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "590", "sort_key": 588, "question": "Does the effect of the Sacraments depend on the worthiness or unworthiness of the one who administers them?", "answer": "The effect of the Sacraments does not depend on the worthiness or unworthiness of the one who administers them, but on the merits of Jesus Christ, who instituted them, and on the worthy dispositions of those who receive them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "591", "sort_key": 589, "question": "{139} What grace do the Sacraments give?", "answer": "Some of the Sacraments give sanctifying grace, and others increase it in our souls.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "592", "sort_key": 590, "question": "When is a Sacrament said to give, and when is it said to increase, grace in our souls?", "answer": "A Sacrament is said to give grace when there is no grace whatever in the soul, or in other words, when the soul is in mortal sin. A Sacrament is said to increase grace when there is already grace in the soul, to which more is added by the Sacrament received.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "593", "sort_key": 591, "question": "{140} Which are the Sacraments that give sanctifying grace?", "answer": "The Sacraments that give sanctifying grace are Baptism and Penance; and they are called Sacraments of the dead.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "594", "sort_key": 592, "question": "{141} Why are Baptism and Penance called Sacraments of the dead?", "answer": "Baptism and Penance are called Sacraments of the dead because they take away sin, which is the death of the soul, and give grace, which is its life.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "595", "sort_key": 593, "question": "May not the Sacrament of Penance be received by one who is in a state of grace?", "answer": "The Sacrament of Penance may be and very often is received by one who is in a state of grace, and when thus received it increases--as the Sacraments of the living do--the grace already in the soul.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "596", "sort_key": 594, "question": "{142} Which are the Sacraments that increase sanctifying grace in our soul?", "answer": "The Sacraments that increase sanctifying grace in our souls are: Confirmation, Holy Eucharist, Extreme Unction, Holy Orders, and Matrimony; and they are called Sacraments of the living.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "597", "sort_key": 595, "question": "What do we mean by Sacraments of the dead and Sacraments of the living?", "answer": "By the Sacraments of the dead we mean those Sacraments that may be lawfully received while the soul is in a state of mortal sin. By the Sacraments of the living we mean those Sacraments that can be lawfully received only while the soul is in a state of grace--i.e., free from mortal sin. Living and dead do not refer here to the persons, but to the condition of the souls; for none of the Sacraments can be given to a dead person.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "598", "sort_key": 596, "question": "{143} Why are Confirmation, Holy Eucharist, Extreme Unction, Holy Orders, and Matrimony called Sacraments of the living?", "answer": "Confirmation, Holy Eucharist, Extreme Unction, Holy Orders, and Matrimony are called Sacraments of the living because those who receive them worthily are already living the life of grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "599", "sort_key": 597, "question": "{144} What sin does he commit who receives the Sacraments of the living in mortal sin?", "answer": "He who receives the Sacraments of the living in mortal sin commits a sacrilege, which is a great sin, because it is an abuse of a sacred thing.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "600", "sort_key": 598, "question": "In what other ways besides the unworthy reception of the Sacraments may persons commit sacrilege?", "answer": "Besides the unworthy reception of the Sacraments, persons may commit sacrilege by the abuse of a sacred person, place or thing; for example, by wilfully wounding a person consecrated to God; by robbing or destroying a Church; by using the sacred vessels of the Altar for unlawful purposes, &c.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "601", "sort_key": 599, "question": "{145} Besides sanctifying grace do the Sacraments give any other grace?", "answer": "Besides sanctifying grace the Sacraments give another grace, called sacramental grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "602", "sort_key": 600, "question": "{146} What is sacramental grace?", "answer": "Sacramental grace is a special help which God gives, to attain the end for which He instituted each Sacrament.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "603", "sort_key": 601, "question": "Is the Sacramental grace independent of the sanctifying grace given in the Sacraments?", "answer": "The Sacramental grace is not independent of the sanctifying grace given in the Sacraments; for it is the sanctifying grace that gives us a certain right to special helps--called Sacramental grace--in each Sacrament, as often as we have to fulfill the end of the Sacrament or are tempted against it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "604", "sort_key": 602, "question": "Give an example of how the Sacramental grace aids us, for instance, in Confirmation and Penance.", "answer": "The end of Confirmation is to strengthen us in our faith. When we are tempted to deny our religion by word or deed, the Sacramental Grace of Confirmation is given to us and helps us to cling to our faith and firmly profess it. The end of Penance is to destroy actual sin. When we are tempted to sin, the Sacramental Grace of Penance is given to us and helps us to overcome the temptation and persevere in a state of grace. The sacramental grace in each of the other Sacraments is given in the same manner, and aids us in attaining the end for which each Sacrament was instituted and for which we receive it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "605", "sort_key": 603, "question": "{147} Do the Sacraments always give grace?", "answer": "The Sacraments always give grace, if we receive them with the right dispositions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "606", "sort_key": 604, "question": "What do we mean by the \"right dispositions\" for the reception of the Sacraments?", "answer": "By the right dispositions for the reception of the Sacraments we mean the proper motives and the fulfillment of all the conditions required by God and the Church for the worthy reception of the Sacraments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "607", "sort_key": 605, "question": "Give an example of the \"right dispositions\" for Penance and for the Holy Eucharist.", "answer": "The right dispositions for Penance are: (1) To confess all our mortal sins as we know them; (2) To be sorry for them, and (3) To have the determination never to commit them or others again. The right dispositions for the Holy Eucharist are: (1) To know what the Holy Eucharist is; (2) To be in a state of grace, and (3)--except in special cases of sickness--to be fasting from midnight.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "608", "sort_key": 606, "question": "{148} Can we receive the Sacraments more than once?", "answer": "We can receive the Sacraments more than once, except Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Orders.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "609", "sort_key": 607, "question": "{149} Why can we not receive Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Orders more than once?", "answer": "We cannot receive Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Orders more than once, because they imprint a character in the soul.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "610", "sort_key": 608, "question": "{150} What is the character which these Sacraments imprint in the soul?", "answer": "The character which these Sacraments imprint in the soul is a spiritual mark which remains forever.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "611", "sort_key": 609, "question": "{151} Does this character remain in the soul even after death?", "answer": "This character remains in the soul even after death; for the honor and glory of those who are saved; for the shame and punishment of those who are lost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "612", "sort_key": 610, "question": "Can the Sacraments be given conditionally?", "answer": "The Sacraments can be given conditionally as often as we doubt whether they were properly given before, or whether they can be validly given now.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "613", "sort_key": 611, "question": "What do we mean by giving a Sacrament conditionally?", "answer": "By giving a Sacrament conditionally we mean that the person administering the Sacrament intends to give it only in case it has not been given already or in case the person has the right dispositions for receiving it, though the dispositions cannot be discovered.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "614", "sort_key": 612, "question": "Give an example of how a Sacrament is given conditionally.", "answer": "In giving Baptism, for instance, conditionally--or what we call conditional Baptism--the priest, instead of saying absolutely, as he does in ordinary Baptism: \"I baptize thee,\" &c., says: \"If you are not already baptized, or if you are capable of being baptized, I baptize thee,\" &c., thus stating the sole condition on which he intends to administer the Sacrament.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "615", "sort_key": 613, "question": "Which of the Sacraments are most frequently given conditionally?", "answer": "The Sacraments most frequently given conditionally are Baptism, Penance and Extreme Unction; because in some cases it is difficult to ascertain whether these Sacraments have been given before or whether they have been validly given, or whether the person about to receive them has the right dispositions for them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "616", "sort_key": 614, "question": "Name some of the more common circumstances in which a priest is obliged to administer the Sacraments conditionally.", "answer": "Some of the more common circumstances in which a priest is obliged to administer the Sacraments conditionally are: (1) When he receives converts into the Church and is not certain of their previous baptism, he must baptize them conditionally. (2) When he is called--as in cases of accident or sudden illness--and doubts whether the person be alive or dead, or whether he should be given the Sacraments, he must give absolution and administer Extreme Unction conditionally.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "617", "sort_key": 615, "question": "What is the use and effect of giving the Sacraments conditionally?", "answer": "The use of giving the Sacraments conditionally is that there may be no irreverence to the Sacraments in giving them to persons incapable or unworthy of receiving them; and yet that no one who is capable or worthy may be deprived of them. The effect is to supply the Sacrament where it is needed or can be given, and to withhold it where it is not needed or cannot be given.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "618", "sort_key": 616, "question": "What is the difference between the powers of a bishop and of a priest with regard to the administration of the Sacraments?", "answer": "The difference between the powers of a bishop and of a priest with regard to the administration of the Sacraments is that a bishop can give all the Sacraments, while a priest cannot give Confirmation or Holy Orders.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "619", "sort_key": 617, "question": "Can a person receive all the Sacraments?", "answer": "A person cannot, as a rule, receive all the Sacraments; for a woman cannot receive Holy Orders, and a man who receives priesthood is forbidden to receive the Sacrament of Matrimony.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON THIRTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "620", "sort_key": 618, "question": "When was baptism instituted?", "answer": "Baptism was instituted, very probably, about the time Our Lord was baptized by St. John, and its reception was commanded when after His resurrection Our Lord said to His Apostles: \"All power is given to Me in heaven and in earth. Going, therefore, teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "621", "sort_key": 619, "question": "{152} What is Baptism?", "answer": "Baptism is a Sacrament which cleanses us from original sin, makes us Christians, children of God, and heirs of heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "622", "sort_key": 620, "question": "What were persons called in the first ages of the Church who were being instructed and prepared for baptism?", "answer": "Persons who were being instructed and prepared for baptism, in the first ages of the Church, were called catechumens, and they are frequently mentioned in Church history.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "623", "sort_key": 621, "question": "What persons are called heirs?", "answer": "All persons who inherit or come lawfully into the possession of property or goods at the death of another, are called heirs.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "624", "sort_key": 622, "question": "Why, then, are we the heirs of Christ?", "answer": "We are the heirs of Christ because at His death we came into the possession of God's friendship, of grace, and of the right to enter heaven, provided we comply with the conditions Our Lord has laid down for the gaining of this inheritance.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "625", "sort_key": 623, "question": "What conditions has Our Lord laid down for the gaining of this inheritance?", "answer": "The conditions Our Lord has laid down for the gaining of this inheritance are: (1) That we receive, when possible, the Sacraments He has instituted; and (2) That we believe and practice all He has taught.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "626", "sort_key": 624, "question": "Did not St. John the Baptist institute the Sacrament of Baptism?", "answer": "St. John the Baptist did not institute the Sacrament of Baptism, for Christ alone could institute a Sacrament. The baptism given by St. John had the effect of a Sacramental; that is, it did not of itself give grace, but prepared the way for it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "627", "sort_key": 625, "question": "{153} Are actual sins ever remitted by Baptism?", "answer": "Actual sins and all the punishment due to them are remitted by Baptism, if the person baptized be guilty of any.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "628", "sort_key": 626, "question": "That actual sins may be remitted by baptism, is it necessary to be sorry for them?", "answer": "That actual sins may be remitted by baptism it is necessary to be sorry for them, just as we must be when they are remitted by the Sacrament of Penance.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "629", "sort_key": 627, "question": "What punishments are due to actual sins?", "answer": "Two punishments are due to actual sins: one, called the eternal, is inflicted in hell; and the other, called the temporal, is inflicted in this world or in purgatory. The Sacrament of Penance remits or frees us from the eternal punishment and generally only from part of the temporal. Prayer, good works and indulgences in this world and the sufferings of purgatory in the next remit the remainder of the temporal punishment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "630", "sort_key": 628, "question": "Why is there a double punishment attached to actual sins? There is a double punishment attached to actual sins, because in their commission there is a double guilt: (1) Of insulting God and of turning away from Him; (2) Of depriving Him of the honor we owe Him, and of turning to His enemies.", "answer": null, "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "631", "sort_key": 629, "question": "{154} Is Baptism necessary to salvation?", "answer": "Baptism is necessary to salvation, because without it we cannot enter into the kingdom of heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "632", "sort_key": 630, "question": "Where will persons go who--such as infants--have not committed actual sin and who, through no fault of theirs, die without baptism?", "answer": "Persons, such as infants, who have not committed actual sin and who, through no fault of theirs, die without baptism, cannot enter heaven; but it is the common belief they will go to some place similar to Limbo, where they will be free from suffering, though deprived of the happiness of heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "633", "sort_key": 631, "question": "{155} Who can administer Baptism?", "answer": "A priest is the ordinary minister of baptism; but in case of necessity anyone who has the use of reason may baptize.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "634", "sort_key": 632, "question": "What do we mean by the \"ordinary minister\" of a Sacrament?", "answer": "By the \"ordinary minister\" of a Sacrament we mean the one who usually does administer the Sacrament, and who has always the right to do so.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "635", "sort_key": 633, "question": "Can a person who has not himself been baptized, and who does not even believe in the Sacrament of baptism, give it validly to another in case of necessity?", "answer": "A person who has not himself been baptized, and who does not even believe in the Sacrament of baptism, can give it validly to another in case of necessity, provided: (1) He has the use of reason; (2) Knows how to give baptism, and (3) Intends to do what the Church intends in the giving of the Sacrament. Baptism is so necessary that God affords every opportunity for its reception.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "636", "sort_key": 634, "question": "Why do the consequences of original sin, such as suffering, temptation, sickness, and death, remain after the sin has been forgiven in baptism?", "answer": "The consequences of original sin, such as suffering, temptation, sickness and death, remain after the sin has been forgiven in baptism: (1) To remind us of the misery that always follows sin; and (2) To afford us an opportunity of increasing our merit by bearing these hardships patiently.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "637", "sort_key": 635, "question": "Can a person ever receive any of the other Sacraments without first receiving baptism?", "answer": "A person can never receive any of the other Sacraments without first receiving baptism, because baptism makes us members of Christ's Church, and unless we are members of His Church we cannot receive His Sacraments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "638", "sort_key": 636, "question": "{156} How is Baptism given?", "answer": "Whoever baptizes should pour water on the head of the person to be baptized, and say, while pouring the water: \"I baptize thee in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "639", "sort_key": 637, "question": "If water cannot be had, in case of necessity, may any other liquid be used for baptism?", "answer": "If water cannot be had, in case of necessity or in any case, no other liquid can be used, and the baptism cannot be given.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "640", "sort_key": 638, "question": "If it is impossible, in case of necessity, to reach the head, may the water be poured on any other part of the body?", "answer": "If it is impossible, in case of necessity, to reach the head, the water should be poured on whatever part of the body can be reached; but then the baptism must be given conditionally; that is, before pronouncing the words of baptism, you must say: \"If I can baptize thee in this way, I baptize thee in the name of the Father,\" &c. If the head can afterward be reached, the water must be poured on the head and the baptism repeated conditionally by saying: \"If you are not already baptized, I baptize thee in the name,\" &c.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "641", "sort_key": 639, "question": "Is the baptism valid if we say: \"I baptize thee in the name of the Holy Trinity,\" without naming the Persons of the Trinity?", "answer": "The baptism is not valid if we say: \"I baptize thee in the name of the Holy Trinity,\" without naming the Persons of the Trinity; for we must use the exact words instituted by Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "642", "sort_key": 640, "question": "Is it wrong to defer the baptism of an infant?", "answer": "It is wrong to defer the baptism of an infant, because we thereby expose the child to the danger of dying without the Sacrament.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "643", "sort_key": 641, "question": "Can we baptize a child against the wishes of its parents?", "answer": "We cannot baptize a child against the wishes of its parents; and if the parents are not Catholics, they must not only consent to the baptism, but also agree to bring the child up in the Catholic religion. But if a child is surely dying, we may baptize it without either the consent or permission of its parents.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "644", "sort_key": 642, "question": "{157} How many kinds of Baptism are there?", "answer": "There are three kinds of Baptism: Baptism of water, of desire, and of blood.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "645", "sort_key": 643, "question": "{158} What is Baptism of water?", "answer": "Baptism of water is that which is given by pouring water on the head of the person to be baptized, and saying at the same time, \"I baptize thee in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "646", "sort_key": 644, "question": "In how many ways was the baptism of water given in the first ages of the Church?", "answer": "In the first ages of the Church, baptism of water was given in three ways, namely, by immersion or dipping, by aspersion or sprinkling, and by infusion or pouring. Although any of these methods would be valid, only the method of infusion or pouring is now allowed in the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "647", "sort_key": 645, "question": "What are the chief ceremonies used in solemn baptism, and what do they signify?", "answer": "The chief ceremonies used in solemn baptism are: (1) A profession of faith and renouncement of the devil to signify our worthiness; (2) The placing of salt in the mouth to signify the wisdom imparted by faith; (3) The holding of the priest's stole to signify our reception into the Church; (4) The anointing to signify the strength given by the Sacrament; (5) The giving of the white garment or cloth to signify our sinless state after baptism; and (6) The giving of the lighted candle to signify the light of faith and fire of love that should dwell in our souls.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "648", "sort_key": 646, "question": "Should one who, in case of necessity, has been baptized with private baptism, be afterwards brought to the Church to have the ceremonies of solemn baptism completed?", "answer": "One who, in case of necessity, has been baptized with private baptism should afterwards be brought to the Church to have the ceremonies of solemn baptism completed, because these ceremonies are commanded by the Church and bring down blessings upon us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "649", "sort_key": 647, "question": "Is solemn baptism given with any special kind of water?", "answer": "Solemn baptism is given with consecrated water; that is, water mixed with holy oil and blessed for baptism on Holy Saturday and on the Saturday before Pentecost. It is always kept in the baptismal font in the baptistry--a place near the door of the Church set apart for baptism.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "650", "sort_key": 648, "question": "{159} What is Baptism of desire?", "answer": "Baptism of desire is an ardent wish to receive Baptism, and to do all that God has ordained for our salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "651", "sort_key": 649, "question": "{160} What is Baptism of blood?", "answer": "Baptism of blood is the shedding of one's blood for the faith of Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "652", "sort_key": 650, "question": "What is the baptism of blood most commonly called?", "answer": "The baptism of blood is most commonly called martyrdom, and those who receive it are called martyrs. It is the death one patiently suffers from the enemies of our religion, rather than give up Catholic faith or virtue. We must not seek martyrdom, though we must endure it when it comes.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "653", "sort_key": 651, "question": "{161} Is Baptism of desire or of blood sufficient to produce the effects of Baptism of water?", "answer": "Baptism of desire or of blood is sufficient to produce the effects of the Baptism of water, if it is impossible to receive the Baptism of water.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "654", "sort_key": 652, "question": "How do we know that the baptism of desire or of blood will save us when it is impossible to receive the baptism of water?", "answer": "We know that baptism of desire or of blood will save us when it is impossible to receive the baptism of water, from Holy Scripture, which teaches that love of God and perfect contrition can secure the remission of sins; and also that Our Lord promises salvation to those who lay down their life for His sake or for His teaching.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "655", "sort_key": 653, "question": "{162} What do we promise in Baptism?", "answer": "In Baptism we promise to renounce the devil, with all his works and pomps.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "656", "sort_key": 654, "question": "What do we mean by the \"pomps\" of the devil?", "answer": "By the pomps of the devil we mean all worldly pride, vanities and vain shows by which people are enticed into sin, and all foolish or sinful display of ourselves or of what we possess.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "657", "sort_key": 655, "question": "{163} Why is the name of a saint given in Baptism?", "answer": "The name of a saint is given in Baptism in order that the person baptized may imitate his virtues and have him for a protector.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "658", "sort_key": 656, "question": "What is the Saint whose name we bear called?", "answer": "The saint whose name we bear is called our patron saint--to whom we should have great devotion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "659", "sort_key": 657, "question": "What names should never be given in baptism?", "answer": "These and similar names should never be given in baptism: (1) The names of noted unbelievers, heretics or enemies of religion and virtue; (2) the names of heathen gods, and (3) nick-names.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "660", "sort_key": 658, "question": "{164} Why are godfathers and godmothers given in Baptism?", "answer": "Godfathers and godmothers are given in Baptism in order that they may promise, in the name of the child, what the child itself would promise if it had the use of reason.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "661", "sort_key": 659, "question": "By what other name are godfathers and godmothers called?", "answer": "Godfathers and godmothers are usually called sponsors. Sponsors are not necessary at private baptism.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "662", "sort_key": 660, "question": "Can a person ever be sponsor when absent from the baptism?", "answer": "A person can be sponsor even when absent from the baptism, provided he has been asked and has consented to be sponsor, and provided also some one answers the questions and touches the person to be baptized in his name. The absent godfather or godmother is then said to be sponsor by proxy and becomes the real godparent of the one baptized.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "663", "sort_key": 661, "question": "With whom do godparents, as well as the one baptizing, contract a relationship?", "answer": "Godparents, as well as the one baptizing, contract a spiritual relationship with the person baptized (not with his parents), and this relationship is an impediment to marriage that must be made known to the priest in case of their future marriage with one another. The godfather and godmother contract no relationship with each other.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "664", "sort_key": 662, "question": "What questions should persons who bring a child for baptism be able to answer?", "answer": "Persons who bring a child for baptism should be able to tell: (1) The exact place where the child lives; (2) The full name of its parents, and, in particular, the maiden name, or name before her marriage, of its mother; (3) The exact day of the month on which it was born; (4) Whether or not it has received private baptism, and (5) Whether its parents be Catholics. Sponsors must know also the chief truths of our religion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "665", "sort_key": 663, "question": "{165} What is the obligation of a godfather and a godmother?", "answer": "The obligation of a godfather and a godmother is to instruct the child in its religious duties, if the parents neglect to do so or die.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "666", "sort_key": 664, "question": "Can persons who are not Catholics be sponsors for Catholic children?", "answer": "Persons who are not Catholics cannot be sponsors for Catholic children, because they cannot perform the duties of sponsors; for if they do not know and profess the Catholic religion themselves, how can they teach it to their godchildren? Moreover, they must answer the questions asked at baptism and declare that they believe in the Holy Catholic Church and in all it teaches; which would be a falsehood on their part.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "667", "sort_key": 665, "question": "What should parents chiefly consider in the selection of sponsors for their children?", "answer": "In the selection of sponsors for their children parents should chiefly consider the good character and virtue of the sponsors, selecting model Catholics to whom they would be willing at the hour of death to entrust the care and training of their children.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "668", "sort_key": 666, "question": "What dispositions must adults or grown persons, have that they may worthily receive baptism?", "answer": "That adults may worthily receive baptism: (1) They must be willing to receive it; (2) they must have faith in Christ; (3) they must have true sorrow for their sins, and (4) they must solemnly renounce the devil and all his works; that is, all sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "669", "sort_key": 667, "question": "What is the ceremony of churching?", "answer": "The ceremony of churching is a particular blessing which a mother receives at the Altar, as soon as she is able to present herself in the Church after the birth of her child. In this ceremony the priest invokes God's blessing on the mother and child, while she on her part returns thanks to God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FOURTEENTH.: ON BAPTISM.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "670", "sort_key": 668, "question": "{166} What is Confirmation?", "answer": "Confirmation is a Sacrament through which we receive the Holy Ghost to make us strong and perfect Christians and soldiers of Jesus Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "671", "sort_key": 669, "question": "When was Confirmation instituted?", "answer": "The exact time at which Confirmation was instituted is not known. But as this Sacrament was administered by the Apostles and numbered with the other Sacraments instituted by Our Lord, it is certain that He instituted this Sacrament also and instructed His Apostles in its use, at some time before His ascension into heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "672", "sort_key": 670, "question": "Why is Confirmation so called?", "answer": "Confirmation is so called from its chief effect, which is to strengthen or render us more firm in whatever belongs to our faith and religious duties.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "673", "sort_key": 671, "question": "Why are we called soldiers of Jesus Christ?", "answer": "We are called soldiers of Jesus Christ to indicate how we must resist the attacks of our spiritual enemies and secure our victory over them by following and obeying Our Lord.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "674", "sort_key": 672, "question": "May one add a new name to his own at Confirmation?", "answer": "One may and should add a new name to his own at Confirmation, especially when the name of a saint has not been given in Baptism.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "675", "sort_key": 673, "question": "{167} Who administers Confirmation?", "answer": "The bishop is the ordinary minister of Confirmation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "676", "sort_key": 674, "question": "Why do we say the bishop is the \"ordinary minister\" of Confirmation?", "answer": "We say the bishop is the ordinary minister of Confirmation because in some foreign missions, where bishops have not yet been appointed, the Holy Father permits one of the priests to administer Confirmation with the Holy Oil blessed by the bishop.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "677", "sort_key": 675, "question": "{168} How does the bishop give Confirmation?", "answer": "The bishop extends his hands over those who are to be confirmed, prays that they may receive the Holy Ghost, and anoints the forehead of each with holy chrism in the form of a cross.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "678", "sort_key": 676, "question": "In Confirmation, what does the extending of the bishop's hands over us signify?", "answer": "In Confirmation, the extending of the bishop's hands over us signifies the descent of the Holy Ghost upon us and the special protection of God through the grace of Confirmation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "679", "sort_key": 677, "question": "{169} What is holy chrism?", "answer": "Holy chrism is a mixture of olive-oil and balm, consecrated by the bishop.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "680", "sort_key": 678, "question": "What do the oil and balm in Holy Chrism signify?", "answer": "In Holy Chrism, the oil signifies strength, and the balm signifies the freedom from corruption and the sweetness which virtue must give to our lives.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "681", "sort_key": 679, "question": "How many holy oils are used in the Church?", "answer": "Three holy oils are used in the Church, namely, the oil of the sick, the oil of catechumens, and holy chrism.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "682", "sort_key": 680, "question": "What constitutes the difference between these oils?", "answer": "The form of prayer or blessing alone constitutes the difference between these oils; for they are all olive oil, but in the Holy Chrism, balm is mixed with the oil.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "683", "sort_key": 681, "question": "When and by whom are the holy oils blessed?", "answer": "The holy oils are blessed at the Mass on Holy Thursday by the bishop, who alone has the right to bless them. After the blessing they are distributed to the priests of the diocese, who must then burn what remains of the old oils and use the newly blessed oils for the coming year.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "684", "sort_key": 682, "question": "For what are the holy oils used?", "answer": "The holy oils are used as follows: The oil of the sick is used for Extreme Unction and for some blessings; the oil of catechumens is used for Baptism and Holy Orders. Holy Chrism is used at Baptism and for the blessing of some sacred things, such as altars, chalices, church-bells, &c., which are usually blessed by a bishop.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "685", "sort_key": 683, "question": "{170} What does the bishop say in anointing the person he confirms?", "answer": "In anointing the person he confirms the bishop says: \"I sign thee with the sign of the cross, and I confirm thee with the chrism of salvation, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "686", "sort_key": 684, "question": "{171} What is meant by anointing the forehead with chrism in the form of a cross?", "answer": "By anointing the forehead with chrism in the form of a cross is meant that the Christian who is confirmed must openly profess and practice his faith, never be ashamed of it; and rather die than deny it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "687", "sort_key": 685, "question": "When must we openly profess and practice our religion?", "answer": "We must openly profess and practice our religion as often as we cannot do otherwise without violating some law of God or of His Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "688", "sort_key": 686, "question": "Why have we good reason never to be ashamed of the Catholic faith?", "answer": "We have good reason never to be ashamed of the Catholic Faith because it is the Old Faith established by Christ and taught by His Apostles; it is the Faith for which countless Holy Martyrs suffered and died; it is the Faith that has brought true civilization, with all its benefits, into the world, and it is the only Faith that can truly reform and preserve public and private morals.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "689", "sort_key": 687, "question": "{172} Why does the bishop give the person he confirms a slight blow on the cheek?", "answer": "The bishop gives the person he confirms a slight blow on the cheek, to put him in mind that he must be ready to suffer everything, even death, for the sake of Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "690", "sort_key": 688, "question": "Is it right to test ourselves through our imagination of what we would be willing to suffer for the sake of Christ?", "answer": "It is not right to test ourselves through our imagination of what we would be willing to suffer for the sake of Christ, for such tests may lead us into sin. When a real test comes we are assured God will give to us, as He did to the Holy Martyrs, sufficient grace to endure it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "691", "sort_key": 689, "question": "{173} To receive Confirmation worthily is it necessary to be in the state of grace?", "answer": "To receive Confirmation worthily it is necessary to be in the state of grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "692", "sort_key": 690, "question": "{174} What special preparation should be made to receive Confirmation?", "answer": "Persons of an age to learn should know the chief mysteries of faith and the duties of a Christian, and be instructed in the nature and effects of this Sacrament.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "693", "sort_key": 691, "question": "Why should we know the chief mysteries of faith and the duties of a Christian before receiving Confirmation?", "answer": "We should know the Chief Mysteries of Faith and the duties of a Christian before receiving Confirmation because as one cannot be a good soldier without knowing the rules of the army to which he belongs and understanding the commands of his leader, so one cannot be a good Christian without knowing the laws of the Church and understanding the commands of Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "694", "sort_key": 692, "question": "{175} Is it a sin to neglect Confirmation?", "answer": "It is a sin to neglect Confirmation, especially in these evil days when faith and morals are exposed to so many and such violent temptations.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "695", "sort_key": 693, "question": "What do we mean by \"these evil days\"?", "answer": "By \"these evil days\" we mean the present age or century in which we are living, surrounded on all sides by unbelief, false doctrines, bad books, bad example and temptation in every form.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "696", "sort_key": 694, "question": "Is Confirmation necessary for salvation?", "answer": "Confirmation is not so necessary for salvation that we could not be saved without it, for it is not given to infants even in danger of death; nevertheless, there is a divine command obliging all to receive it, if possible. Persons who have not been confirmed in youth should make every effort to be confirmed later in life.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "697", "sort_key": 695, "question": "Are sponsors necessary in Confirmation?", "answer": "Sponsors are necessary in Confirmation, and they must be of the same good character as those required at Baptism, for they take upon themselves the same duties and responsibilities. They also contract a spiritual relationship, which, however, unlike that in Baptism, is not an impediment to marriage.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON FIFTEENTH.: ON CONFIRMATION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "698", "sort_key": 696, "question": "{176} Which are the effects of Confirmation?", "answer": "The effects of Confirmation are an increase of sanctifying grace, the strengthening of our faith, and the gifts of the Holy Ghost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "699", "sort_key": 697, "question": "{177} Which are the gifts of the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "The gifts of the Holy Ghost are Wisdom, Understanding, Counsel, Fortitude, Knowledge, Piety, and Fear of the Lord.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "700", "sort_key": 698, "question": "{178} Why do we receive the gift of Fear of the Lord?", "answer": "We receive the gift of Fear of the Lord to fill us with a dread of sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "701", "sort_key": 699, "question": "{179} Why do we receive the gift of Piety?", "answer": "We receive the gift of Piety to make us love God as a Father, and obey Him because we love Him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "702", "sort_key": 700, "question": "{180} Why do we receive the gift of Knowledge?", "answer": "We receive the gift of Knowledge to enable us to discover the will of God in all things.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "703", "sort_key": 701, "question": "{181} Why do we receive the gift of Fortitude?", "answer": "We receive the gift of Fortitude to strengthen us to do the will of God in all things.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "704", "sort_key": 702, "question": "{182} Why do we receive the gift of Counsel?", "answer": "We receive the gift of Counsel to warn us of the deceits of the devil, and of the dangers to salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "705", "sort_key": 703, "question": "How is it clear that the devil could easily deceive us if the Holy Ghost did not aid us?", "answer": "It is clear that the devil could easily deceive us if the Holy Ghost did not aid us, for just as our sins do not deprive us of our knowledge, so the devil's sin did not deprive him of the great intelligence and power which he possessed as an angel. Moreover, his experience in the world extends over all ages and places, while ours is confined to a few years and to a limited number of places.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "706", "sort_key": 704, "question": "{183} Why do we receive the gift of Understanding?", "answer": "We receive the gift of Understanding to enable us to know more clearly the mysteries of faith.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "707", "sort_key": 705, "question": "{184} Why do we receive the gift of Wisdom?", "answer": "We receive the gift of Wisdom to give us a relish for the things of God, and to direct our whole life and all our actions to His honor and glory.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "708", "sort_key": 706, "question": "{185} Which are the Beatitudes?", "answer": "The Beatitudes are:", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "709", "sort_key": 707, "question": "What are the Beatitudes and why are they so called?", "answer": "The Beatitudes are a portion of Our Lord's Sermon on the Mount, and they are so called because each of them holds out a promised reward to those who practice the virtues they recommend.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "710", "sort_key": 708, "question": "Where did Our Lord usually preach?", "answer": "Our Lord usually preached wherever an opportunity of doing good by His Words presented itself. He preached at times in the synagogues or meeting-houses but more frequently in the open air--by the seashore or on the mountain, and often by the wayside.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "711", "sort_key": 709, "question": "What is the meaning and use of the Beatitudes in general?", "answer": "(1) In general the Beatitudes embrace whatever pertains to the perfection of Christian life, and they invite us to the practice of the highest Christian virtues; (2) In different forms they all promise the same reward, namely, sanctifying grace in this life and eternal glory in the next; (3) They offer us encouragement and consolation for every trial and affliction.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "712", "sort_key": 710, "question": "What does the first Beatitude mean by the \"poor in spirit\"?", "answer": "The first Beatitude means by the \"poor in spirit\" all persons, rich or poor, who would not offend God to possess or retain anything that this world can give; and who, when necessity or charity requires it, give willingly for the glory of God. It includes also those who humbly submit to their condition in life when it cannot be improved by lawful means.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "713", "sort_key": 711, "question": "Who are the mourners who deserve the consolation promised in the third Beatitude?", "answer": "The mourners who deserve the consolation promised in the third Beatitude are they who, out of love for God, bewail their own sins and those of the world; and they who patiently endure all trials that come from God or for His sake.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "714", "sort_key": 712, "question": "What lessons do the other Beatitudes convey?", "answer": "The other Beatitudes convey these lessons: The meek suppress all feelings of anger and humbly submit to whatever befalls them by the Will of God; and they never desire to do evil for evil. The justice after which we should seek is every Christian virtue included under that name, and we are told that if we earnestly desire and seek it we shall obtain it. The persecuted for justice' sake are they who will not abandon their faith or virtue for any cause.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "715", "sort_key": 713, "question": "Who may be rightly called merciful?", "answer": "The merciful are they who practice the corporal and spiritual works of mercy, and who aid by word or deed those who need their help for soul or body.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "716", "sort_key": 714, "question": "Why are the clean of heart promised so great a reward?", "answer": "The clean of heart, that is, the truly virtuous, whose thoughts, desires, words and works are pure and modest, are promised so great a reward because the chaste and sinless have always been the most intimate friends of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "717", "sort_key": 715, "question": "What is the duty of a peacemaker?", "answer": "It is the duty of a peacemaker to avoid and prevent quarrels, reconcile enemies, and to put an end to all evil reports of others or evil speaking against them. As peacemakers are called the children of God, disturbers of peace should be called the children of the devil.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "718", "sort_key": 716, "question": "Why does Our Lord speak in particular of poverty, meekness, sorrow, desire for virtue, mercy, purity, peace and suffering?", "answer": "Our Lord speaks in particular of poverty, meekness, sorrow, desire for virtue, mercy, purity, peace and suffering because these are the chief features in His own earthly life; poverty in His birth, life and death; meekness in His teaching; sorrow at all times. He eagerly sought to do good, showed mercy to all, recommended chastity, brought peace, and patiently endured suffering.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "719", "sort_key": 717, "question": "{186} Which are the twelve fruits of the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "The twelve fruits of the Holy Ghost are Charity, Joy, Peace, Patience, Benignity, Goodness, Long-suffering, Mildness, Faith, Modesty, Continency, and Chastity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "720", "sort_key": 718, "question": "Why are charity, joy, peace, &c., called fruits of the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "Charity, joy, peace, &c., are called fruits of the Holy Ghost because they grow in our souls out of the seven gifts of the Holy Ghost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SIXTEENTH.: ON THE GIFTS AND FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "721", "sort_key": 719, "question": "{187} What is the Sacrament of Penance?", "answer": "Penance is a Sacrament in which the sins committed after Baptism are forgiven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "722", "sort_key": 720, "question": "Has the word Penance any other meaning?", "answer": "The word Penance has other meanings. It means also those punishments we inflict upon ourselves as a means of atoning for our past sins; it means likewise that disposition of the heart in which we detest and bewail our sins because they were offensive to God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "723", "sort_key": 721, "question": "How does the institution of the Sacrament of Penance show the goodness of Our Lord?", "answer": "The institution of the Sacrament of Penance shows the goodness of Our Lord, because having once saved us through Baptism, He might have left us to perish if we again committed sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "724", "sort_key": 722, "question": "What are the natural benefits of the Sacrament of Penance?", "answer": "The natural benefits of the Sacrament of Penance are: It gives us in our confessor a true friend, to whom we can go in all our trials and to whom we can confide our secrets with the hope of obtaining advice and relief.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "725", "sort_key": 723, "question": "{188} How does the Sacrament of Penance remit sin, and restore to the soul the friendship of God?", "answer": "The Sacrament of Penance remits sin and restores the friendship of God to the soul by means of the absolution of the priest.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "726", "sort_key": 724, "question": "What is Absolution?", "answer": "Absolution is the form of prayer or words the priest pronounces over us with uplifted hand when he forgives the sins we have confessed. It is given while we are saying the Act of Contrition after receiving our Penance.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "727", "sort_key": 725, "question": "Does the priest ever refuse absolution to a penitent?", "answer": "The priest must and does refuse absolution to a penitent when he thinks the penitent is not rightly disposed for the Sacrament. He sometimes postpones the absolution till the next confession, either for the good of the penitent or for the sake of better preparation--especially when the person has been a long time from confession.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "728", "sort_key": 726, "question": "What should a person do when the priest has refused or postponed absolution?", "answer": "When the priest has refused or postponed absolution, the penitent should humbly submit to his decision, follow his instructions, and endeavor to remove whatever prevented the giving of the absolution and return to the same confessor with the necessary dispositions and resolution of amendment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "729", "sort_key": 727, "question": "Can the priest forgive all sins in the Sacrament of Penance?", "answer": "The priest has the power to forgive all sins in the Sacrament of Penance, but he may not have the authority to forgive all. To forgive sins validly in the Sacrament of Penance, two things are required: (1) The power to forgive sins which every priest receives at his ordination, and (2) the right to use that power which must be given by the bishop, who authorizes the priest to hear confessions and pass judgment on the sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "730", "sort_key": 728, "question": "What are the sins called which the priest has no authority to absolve?", "answer": "The sins which the priest has no authority to absolve are called reserved sins. Absolution from these sins can be obtained only from the bishop, and sometimes only from the Pope, or by his special permission. Persons having a reserved sin to confess cannot be absolved from any of their sins till the priest receives faculties or authority to absolve the reserved sin also.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "731", "sort_key": 729, "question": "Why is the absolution from some sins reserved to the Pope or bishop?", "answer": "The absolution from some sins is reserved to the Pope or bishop to deter or prevent, by this special restriction, persons from committing them, either on account of the greatness of the sin itself or on account of its evil consequences.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "732", "sort_key": 730, "question": "Can any priest absolve a person in danger of death from reserved sins without the permission of the bishop?", "answer": "Any priest can absolve a person in danger of death from reserved sins without the permission of the bishop, because at the hour of death the Church removes these restrictions in order to save, if possible, the soul of the dying.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "733", "sort_key": 731, "question": "{189} How do you know that the priest has the power of absolving from the sins committed after Baptism?", "answer": "I know that the priest has the power of absolving from the sins committed after Baptism, because Jesus Christ granted that power to the priests of His Church when He said: \"Receive ye the Holy Ghost. Whose sins you shall forgive, they are forgiven them; whose sins you shall retain, they are retained.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "734", "sort_key": 732, "question": "How do we know that Our Lord, while on earth, had the power to forgive sins?", "answer": "We know that Our Lord, while on earth, had the power to forgive sins: (1) because He was always God, and; (2) because He frequently did forgive sins and proved their forgiveness by miracles. Since He had the power Himself, He could give it to His Apostles.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "735", "sort_key": 733, "question": "Was the power to forgive sins given to the apostles alone?", "answer": "The power to forgive sins was not given to the apostles alone, because it was not given for the benefit merely of those who lived at the time of the apostles, but for all who, having grievously sinned, after Baptism, should need forgiveness. Since, therefore, Baptism will be given till the end of time, and since the danger of sinning after it always remains the power to absolve from such sins must also remain in the Church till the end of time.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "736", "sort_key": 734, "question": "When was the Sacrament of Penance instituted?", "answer": "The Sacrament of Penance was instituted after the resurrection of Our Lord, when He gave to His apostles the power to forgive sins, which He had promised to them before His death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "737", "sort_key": 735, "question": "Are the enemies of our religion right when they say man cannot forgive sins?", "answer": "The enemies of our religion are right when they say man cannot forgive sins if they mean that he cannot forgive them by his own power, but they are certainly wrong if they mean that he cannot forgive them even by the power of God, for man can do anything if God gives him the power. The priest does not forgive sins by his own power as man, but by the authority he receives as the minister of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "738", "sort_key": 736, "question": "{190} How do the priests of the Church exercise the power of forgiving sins?", "answer": "The priests of the Church exercise the power of forgiving sins by hearing the confession of sins, and granting pardon for them as ministers of God and in His name.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "739", "sort_key": 737, "question": "How does the power to forgive sins imply the obligation of going to confession?", "answer": "The power to forgive sins implies the obligation of going to confession because as sins are usually committed secretly, the priest could never know what sins to forgive and what not to forgive, unless the sins committed were made known to him by the persons guilty of them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "740", "sort_key": 738, "question": "Could God not forgive our sins if we confessed them to Himself in secret?", "answer": "Certainly, God could forgive our sins if we confessed them to Himself in secret, but He has not promised to do so; whereas He has promised to pardon them if we confess them to His priests. Since He is free to pardon or not to pardon, He has the right to establish a Sacrament through which alone He will pardon.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "741", "sort_key": 739, "question": "{191} What must we do to receive the Sacrament of Penance worthily?", "answer": "To receive the Sacrament of Penance worthily we must do five things:", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "742", "sort_key": 740, "question": "What should we pray for in preparing for confession?", "answer": "In preparing for confession we should pray to the Holy Ghost to give us light to know our sins and to understand their guilt; for grace to detest them; for courage to confess them and for strength to keep our resolutions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "743", "sort_key": 741, "question": "What faults do many commit in preparing for confession?", "answer": "In preparing for confession many commit the faults: (1) of giving too much time to the examination of conscience and little or none in exciting themselves to true sorrow for the sins discovered; (2) of trying to recall every trifling circumstance, instead of thinking of the means by which they will avoid their sins for the future.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "744", "sort_key": 742, "question": "What, then, is the most important part of the preparation for confession?", "answer": "The most important part of the preparation for confession is sincere sorrow for the sins committed and the firm determination to avoid them for the future.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "745", "sort_key": 743, "question": "What is the chief reason that our confessions do not always amend our way of living?", "answer": "The chief reason that our confessions do not always amend our way of living is our want of real earnest preparation for them and the fact that we have not truly convinced ourselves of the need of amendment. We often confess our sins more from habit, necessity or fear than from a real desire of receiving grace and of being restored to the friendship of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "746", "sort_key": 744, "question": "What faults are to be avoided in making our confession?", "answer": "In making our confession we are to avoid: (1) Telling useless details, the sins of others, or the name of any person; (2) Confessing sins we are not sure of having committed; exaggerating our sins or their number; multiplying the number of times a day by the number of days to get the exact number of habitual sins; (3) Giving a vague answer, such as \"sometimes,\" when asked how often; waiting after each sin to be asked for the next; (4) Hesitating over sins through pretented modesty and thus delaying the priests and others; telling the exact words in each when we have committed several sins of the same kind, cursing, for example; and, lastly, leaving the confessional before the priest gives us a sign to go.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "747", "sort_key": 745, "question": "Is it wrong to go to confession out of your turn against the will of others waiting with you?", "answer": "It is wrong to go to confession out of our turn against the will of others waiting with us, because (1) it causes disorder, quarreling and scandalous conduct in the Church; (2) it is unjust, makes others angry and lessens their good dispositions for confession; (3) it annoys and distracts the priest by the confusion and disorder it creates. It is better to wait than go to confession in an excited and disorderly manner.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "748", "sort_key": 746, "question": "What should a penitent do who knows he cannot perform the penance given?", "answer": "A penitent who knows he cannot perform the penance given should ask the priest for one that he can perform. When we forget the penance given we must ask for it again, for we cannot fulfill our duty by giving ourselves a penance. The penance must be performed at the time and in the manner the confessor directs.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "749", "sort_key": 747, "question": "{192} What is the examination of conscience?", "answer": "The examination of conscience is an earnest effort to recall to mind all the sins we have committed since our last worthy confession.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "750", "sort_key": 748, "question": "When is our confession worthy?", "answer": "Our confession is worthy when we have done all that is required for a good confession, and when, through the absolution, our sins are really forgiven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "751", "sort_key": 749, "question": "{193} How can we make a good examination of conscience?", "answer": "We can make a good examination of conscience by calling to memory the commandments of God, the precepts of the Church, the seven capital sins, and the particular duties of our state in life, to find out the sins we have committed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "752", "sort_key": 750, "question": "{194} What should we do before beginning the examination of conscience?", "answer": "Before beginning the examination of conscience we should pray to God to give us light to know our sins and grace to detest them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON SEVENTEENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "753", "sort_key": 751, "question": "{195} What is contrition, or sorrow for sin?", "answer": "Contrition, or sorrow for sin, is a hatred of sin and a true grief of the soul for having offended God, with a firm purpose of sinning no more.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "754", "sort_key": 752, "question": "Give an example of how we should hate and avoid sin.", "answer": "We should hate and avoid sin as one hates and avoids a poison that almost caused his death. We may not grieve over the death of our soul as we do over the death of a friend, and yet our sorrow may be true; because the sorrow for sin comes more from our reason than from our feelings.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "755", "sort_key": 753, "question": "{196} What kind of sorrow should we have for our sins?", "answer": "The sorrow we should have for our sins should be interior, supernatural, universal, and sovereign.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "756", "sort_key": 754, "question": "{197} What do you mean by saying that our sorrow should be interior?", "answer": "When I say that our sorrow should be interior, I mean that it should come from the heart, and not merely from the lips.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "757", "sort_key": 755, "question": "{198} What do you mean by saying that our sorrow should be supernatural?", "answer": "When I say that our sorrow should be supernatural, I mean that it should be prompted by the grace of God, and excited by motives which spring from faith, and not by merely natural motives.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "758", "sort_key": 756, "question": "What do we mean by \"motives that spring from faith\" and by \"merely natural motives\" with regard to sorrow for sin?", "answer": "By sorrow for sin from \"motives that spring from faith,\" we mean sorrow for reasons that God has made known to us, such as the loss of heaven, the fear of hell or purgatory, or the dread of afflictions that come from God in punishment for sin. By \"merely natural motives\" we mean sorrow for reasons made known to us by our own experience or by the experience of others, such as loss of character, goods or health. A motive is whatever moves our will to do or avoid anything.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "759", "sort_key": 757, "question": "{199} What do you mean by saying that our sorrow should be universal?", "answer": "When I say that our sorrow should be universal, I mean that we should be sorry for all our mortal sins without exception.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "760", "sort_key": 758, "question": "Why cannot some of our mortal sins be forgiven while the rest remain on our souls?", "answer": "It is impossible for any of our mortal sins to be forgiven unless they are all forgiven, because as light and darkness cannot be together in the same place, so sanctifying grace and mortal sin cannot dwell together. If there be grace in the soul, there can be no mortal sin, and if there be mortal sin, there can be no grace, for one mortal sin expels all grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "761", "sort_key": 759, "question": "{200} What do you mean when you say that our sorrow should be sovereign?", "answer": "When I say that our sorrow should be sovereign, I mean that we should grieve more for having offended God than for any other evil that can befall us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "762", "sort_key": 760, "question": "{201} Why should we be sorry for our sins?", "answer": "We should be sorry for our sins because sin is the greatest of evils and an offense against God our Creator, Preserver, and Redeemer, and because it shuts us out of heaven and condemns us to the eternal pains of hell.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "763", "sort_key": 761, "question": "How do we show that sin is the greatest of all evils?", "answer": "We show that sin is the greatest of evils because its effects last the longest and have the most terrible consequences. All the misfortunes of this world can last only for a time, and we escape them at death, whereas the evils caused by sin keep with us for all eternity and are only increased at death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "764", "sort_key": 762, "question": "{202} How many kinds of contrition are there?", "answer": "There are two kinds of contrition; perfect contrition and imperfect contrition.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "765", "sort_key": 763, "question": "{203} What is perfect contrition?", "answer": "Perfect contrition is that which fills us with sorrow and hatred for sin, because it offends God, who is infinitely good in Himself and worthy of all love.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "766", "sort_key": 764, "question": "When will perfect contrition obtain pardon for mortal sin without the Sacrament of Penance?", "answer": "Perfect contrition will obtain pardon for mortal sin without the Sacrament of Penance when we cannot go to confession, but with the perfect contrition we must have the intention of going to confession as soon as possible, if we again have the opportunity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "767", "sort_key": 765, "question": "{204} What is imperfect contrition?", "answer": "Imperfect contrition is that by which we hate what offends God because by it we lose heaven and deserve hell; or because sin is so hateful in itself.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "768", "sort_key": 766, "question": "What other name is given to imperfect contrition and why is it called imperfect?", "answer": "Imperfect contrition is called attrition. It is called imperfect only because it is less perfect than the highest grade of contrition by which we are sorry for sin out of pure love of God's own goodness and without any consideration of what befalls ourselves.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "769", "sort_key": 767, "question": "{205} Is imperfect contrition sufficient for a worthy confession?", "answer": "Imperfect contrition is sufficient for a worthy confession, but we should endeavor to have perfect contrition.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "770", "sort_key": 768, "question": "{206} What do you mean by a firm purpose of sinning no more?", "answer": "By a firm purpose of sinning no more I mean a fixed resolve not only to avoid all mortal sin, but also its near occasions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "771", "sort_key": 769, "question": "{207} What do you mean by the near occasions of sin?", "answer": "By the near occasions of sin I mean all the persons, places and things that may easily lead us into sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "772", "sort_key": 770, "question": "Why are we bound to avoid occasions of sin?", "answer": "We are bound to avoid occasions of sin because Our Lord has said: \"He who loves the danger will perish in it\"; and as we are bound to avoid the loss of our souls, so we are bound to avoid the danger of their loss. The occasion is the cause of sin, and you cannot take away the evil without removing its cause.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "773", "sort_key": 771, "question": "Is a person who is determined to avoid the sin, but who is unwilling to give up its near occasion when it is possible to do so, rightly disposed for confession?", "answer": "A person who is determined to avoid the sin, but who is unwilling to give up its near occasion when it is possible to do so, is not rightly disposed for confession, and he will not be absolved if he makes known to the priest the true state of his conscience.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "774", "sort_key": 772, "question": "How many kinds of occasions of sin are there?", "answer": "There are four kinds of occasions of sin: (1) Near occasions, through which we always fall; (2) remote occasions, through which we sometimes fall; (3) voluntary occasions or those we can avoid; and (4) involuntary occasions or those we cannot avoid. A person who lives in a near and voluntary occasion of sin need not expect forgiveness while he continues in that state.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "775", "sort_key": 773, "question": "What persons, places and things are usually occasions of sin?", "answer": "(1) The persons who are occasions of sin are all those in whose company we sin, whether they be bad of themselves or bad only while in our company, in which case we also become occasions of sin for them; (2) the places are usually liquor saloons, low theaters, indecent dances, entertainments, amusements, exhibitions, and all immoral resorts of any kind, whether we sin in them or not; (3) the things are all bad books, indecent pictures, songs, jokes and the like, even when they are tolerated by public opinion and found in public places.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON EIGHTEENTH.: ON CONTRITION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "776", "sort_key": 774, "question": "{208} What is Confession?", "answer": "Confession is the telling of our sins to a duly authorized priest, for the purpose of obtaining forgiveness.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "777", "sort_key": 775, "question": "Who is a duly authorized priest?", "answer": "A duly authorized priest is one sent to hear confessions by the lawful bishop of the diocese in which we are at the time of our confession.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "778", "sort_key": 776, "question": "Is it ever allowed to write our sins and read them to the priest in the confessional or give them to him to read?", "answer": "It is allowed, when necessary, to write our sins and read them to the priest, as persons do who have almost entirely lost their memory. It is also allowed to give the paper to the priest, as persons do who have lost the use of their speech. In such cases the paper must, after the confession, be carefully destroyed either by the priest or the penitent.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "779", "sort_key": 777, "question": "What is to be done when persons must make their confession and cannot find a priest who understands their language?", "answer": "Persons who must make their confession and who cannot find a priest who understands their language, must confess as best they can by some signs, showing what sins they wish to confess and how they are sorry for them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "780", "sort_key": 778, "question": "{209} What sins are we bound to confess?", "answer": "We are bound to confess all our mortal sins, but it is well also to confess our venial sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "781", "sort_key": 779, "question": "Why is it well to confess also the venial sins we remember?", "answer": "It is well to confess also the venial sins we remember (1) because it shows our hatred of all sin, and (2) because it is sometimes difficult to determine just when a sin is venial and when mortal.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "782", "sort_key": 780, "question": "What should one do who has only venial sins to confess?", "answer": "One who has only venial sins to confess should tell also some sin already confessed in his past life for which he knows he is truly sorry; because it is not easy to be truly sorry for slight sins and imperfections, and yet we must be sorry for the sins confessed that our confession may be valid--hence we add some past sin for which we are truly sorry to those for which we may not be sufficiently sorry.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "783", "sort_key": 781, "question": "Should a person stay from confession because he thinks he has no sin to confess?", "answer": "A person should not stay from confession because he thinks he has no sin to confess, for the Sacrament of Penance, besides forgiving sin, gives an increase of sanctifying grace, and of this we have always need, especially to resist temptation. The Saints, who were almost without imperfection, went to confession frequently.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "784", "sort_key": 782, "question": "Should a person go to Communion after confession even when the confessor does not bid him go?", "answer": "A person should go to Communion after confession even when the confessor does not bid him go, because the confessor so intends unless he positively forbids his penitent to receive Communion. However, one who has not yet received his first Communion should not go to Communion after confession, even if the confessor by mistake should bid him go.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "785", "sort_key": 783, "question": "{210} Which are the chief qualities of a good Confession?", "answer": "The chief qualities of a good Confession are three: it must be humble, sincere, and entire.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "786", "sort_key": 784, "question": "{211} When is our Confession humble?", "answer": "Our Confession is humble when we accuse ourselves of our sins, with a deep sense of shame and sorrow for having offended God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "787", "sort_key": 785, "question": "{212} When is our Confession sincere?", "answer": "Our Confession is sincere when we tell our sins honestly and truthfully, neither exaggerating nor excusing them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "788", "sort_key": 786, "question": "Why is it wrong to accuse ourselves of sins we have not committed?", "answer": "It is wrong to accuse ourselves of sins we have not committed, because, by our so doing, the priest cannot know the true state of our souls, as he must do before giving us absolution.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "789", "sort_key": 787, "question": "{213} When is our Confession entire?", "answer": "Our Confession is entire when we tell the number and kinds of our sins and the circumstances which change their nature.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "790", "sort_key": 788, "question": "What do you mean by the \"kinds of sin?\"", "answer": "By the \"kinds of sin,\" we mean the particular division or class to which the sins belong; that is, whether they be sins of blasphemy, disobedience, anger, impurity, dishonesty, &c. We can determine the kind of sin by discovering the commandment or precept of the Church we have broken or the virtue against which we have acted.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "791", "sort_key": 789, "question": "What do we mean by \"circumstances which change the nature of sins?\"", "answer": "By \"circumstances which change the nature of sins\" we mean anything that makes it another kind of sin. Thus to steal is a sin, but to steal from the Church makes our theft sacrilegious. Again, impure actions are sins, but a person must say whether they were committed alone or with others, with relatives or strangers, with persons married or single, &c., because these circumstances change them from one kind of impurity to another.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "792", "sort_key": 790, "question": "{214} What should we do if we cannot remember the number of our sins?", "answer": "If we cannot remember the number of our sins, we should tell the number as nearly as possible, and say how often we may have sinned in a day, a week, or a month, and how long the habit or practice has lasted.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "793", "sort_key": 791, "question": "{215} Is our Confession worthy if, without our fault, we forget to confess a mortal sin?", "answer": "If without our fault we forget to confess a mortal sin, our Confession is worthy, and the sin is forgiven; but it must be told in Confession if it again comes to our mind.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "794", "sort_key": 792, "question": "May a person who has forgotten to tell a mortal sin in confession go to Holy Communion before going again to confession?", "answer": "A person who has forgotten to tell a mortal sin in confession may go to communion before again going to confession, because the forgotten sin was forgiven with those confessed, and the confession was good and worthy.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "795", "sort_key": 793, "question": "{216} Is it a grievous offense wilfully to conceal a mortal sin in Confession?", "answer": "It is a grievous offense wilfully to conceal a mortal sin in Confession, because we thereby tell a lie to the Holy Ghost, and make our Confession worthless.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "796", "sort_key": 794, "question": "How is concealing a sin telling a lie to the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "Concealing a sin is telling a lie to the Holy Ghost, because he who conceals the sin declares in confession to God and the priest that he committed no sins but what he has confessed, while the Holy Ghost, the Spirit of Truth, saw him committing the sin he now conceals and still sees it in his soul while he denies it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "797", "sort_key": 795, "question": "Why is it foolish to conceal sins in confession?", "answer": "It is foolish to conceal sins in confession: (1) Because we thereby make our spiritual condition worse; (2) We must tell the sin sometime if we ever hope to be saved; (3) It will be made known on the day of judgment, before the world, whether we conceal it now or confess it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "798", "sort_key": 796, "question": "{217} What must he do who has wilfully concealed a mortal sin in Confession?", "answer": "He who has wilfully concealed a mortal sin in Confession must not only confess it, but must also repeat all the sins he has committed since his last worthy Confession.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "799", "sort_key": 797, "question": "Must one who has wilfully concealed a mortal sin in confession do more than repeat the sins committed since his last worthy confession?", "answer": "One who has wilfully concealed a mortal sin in confession must, besides repeating all the sins he has committed since his last worthy confession, tell also how often he has unworthily received absolution and Holy Communion during the same time.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "800", "sort_key": 798, "question": "{218} Why does the priest give us a penance after Confession?", "answer": "The priest gives us a penance after Confession, that we may satisfy God for the temporal punishment due to our sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "801", "sort_key": 799, "question": "Why should we have to satisfy for our sins if Christ has fully satisfied for them?", "answer": "Christ has fully satisfied for our sins and after our baptism we were free from all guilt and had no satisfaction to make. But when we wilfully sinned after baptism, it is but just that we should be obliged to make some satisfaction.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "802", "sort_key": 800, "question": "Is the slight penance the priest gives us sufficient to satisfy for all the sins confessed?", "answer": "The slight penance the priest gives us is not sufficient to satisfy for all the sins confessed: (1) Because there is no real equality between the slight penance given and the punishment deserved for sin; (2) Because we are all obliged to do penance for sins committed, and this would not be necessary if the penance given in confession satisfied for all. The penance is given and accepted in confession chiefly to show our willingness to do penance and make amends for our sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "803", "sort_key": 801, "question": "{219} Does not the Sacrament of Penance remit all punishment due to sin?", "answer": "The Sacrament of Penance remits the eternal punishment due to sin, but it does not always remit the temporal punishment which God requires as satisfaction for our sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "804", "sort_key": 802, "question": "{220} Why does God require a temporal punishment as a satisfaction for sin?", "answer": "God requires a temporal punishment as a satisfaction for sin to teach us the great evil of sin and to prevent us from falling again.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "805", "sort_key": 803, "question": "{221} Which are the chief means by which we satisfy God for the temporal punishment due to sin?", "answer": "The chief means by which we satisfy God for the temporal punishment due to sin are: Prayer, Fasting, Almsgiving; all spiritual and corporal works of mercy, and the patient suffering of the ills of life.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "806", "sort_key": 804, "question": "What fasting has the greatest merit?", "answer": "The fasting imposed by the Church on certain days of the year, and particularly during Lent, has the greatest merit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "807", "sort_key": 805, "question": "What is Lent?", "answer": "Lent is the forty days before Easter Sunday, during which we do penance, fast and pray to prepare ourselves for the resurrection of Our Lord; and also to remind us of His own fast of forty days before His Passion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "808", "sort_key": 806, "question": "What do we mean by \"almsgiving\"?", "answer": "By almsgiving we mean money, goods, or assistance given to the poor or to charitable purposes. The law of God requires all persons to give alms in proportion to their means.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "809", "sort_key": 807, "question": "What \"ills of life\" help to satisfy God for sin?", "answer": "The ills of life that help to satisfy God for sin are sickness, poverty, misfortune, trial, affliction, &c., especially, when we have not brought them upon ourselves by sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "810", "sort_key": 808, "question": "How did the Christians in the first ages of the Church do Penance?", "answer": "The Christians in the first ages of the Church did public penance, especially for the sins of which they were publicly known to be guilty. Penitents were excluded for a certain time from Mass or the Sacrament, and some were obliged to stand at the door of the Church begging the prayers of those who entered.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "811", "sort_key": 809, "question": "What were these severe Penances of the First Ages of the Church called?", "answer": "These severe penances of the first ages of the Church were called canonical penances, because their kind and duration were regulated by the Canons or laws of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "812", "sort_key": 810, "question": "How can we know spiritual from corporal works of mercy?", "answer": "We can know spiritual from corporal works of mercy, for whatever we do for the soul is a spiritual work, and whatever we do for the body is a corporal work.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "813", "sort_key": 811, "question": "{222} Which are the chief spiritual works of mercy?", "answer": "The chief spiritual works of mercy are seven: To admonish the sinner, to instruct the ignorant, to counsel the doubtful, to comfort the sorrowful, to bear wrongs patiently, to forgive all injuries, and to pray for the living and the dead.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "814", "sort_key": 812, "question": "When are we bound to admonish the sinner?", "answer": "We are bound to admonish the sinner when the following conditions are fulfilled: (1) When his fault is a mortal sin; (2) When we have authority or influence over him, and (3) When there is reason to believe that our warning will not make him worse instead of better.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "815", "sort_key": 813, "question": "Who are meant by the \"ignorant\" we are to instruct, and the \"doubtful\" we are to counsel?", "answer": "By the ignorant we are to instruct and the doubtful we are to counsel, are meant those particularly who are ignorant of the truths of religion and those who are in doubt about matters of faith. We must aid such persons as far as we can to know and believe the truths necessary for salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "816", "sort_key": 814, "question": "Why are we advised to bear wrong patiently and to forgive all injuries?", "answer": "We are advised to bear wrongs patiently and to forgive all injuries, because, being Christians, we should imitate the example of Our Divine Lord, who endured wrongs patiently and who not only pardoned but prayed for those who injured Him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "817", "sort_key": 815, "question": "If, then, it be a Christian virtue to forgive all injuries, why do Christians establish courts and prisons to punish wrongdoers?", "answer": "Christians establish courts and prisons to punish wrongdoers, because the preservation of lawful authority, good order in society, the protection of others, and sometimes even the good of the guilty one himself, require that crimes be justly punished. As God Himself punishes crime and as lawful authority comes from Him, such authority has the right to punish, though individuals should forgive the injuries done to themselves personally.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "818", "sort_key": 816, "question": "Why is it a work of mercy to pray for the living and the dead?", "answer": "It is a work of mercy to aid those who are unable to aid themselves. The living are exposed to temptations, and while in mortal sin they are deprived of the merit of their good works and need our prayers. The dead can in no way help themselves and depend on us for assistance.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "819", "sort_key": 817, "question": "{223} Which are the chief corporal works of mercy?", "answer": "The chief corporal works of mercy are seven: To feed the hungry, to give drink to the thirsty, to clothe the naked, to ransom the captive, to harbor the harborless, to visit the sick, and to bury the dead.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "820", "sort_key": 818, "question": "How may we briefly state the corporal works of mercy?", "answer": "We may briefly state the corporal works of mercy by saying that we are obliged to help the poor in all their forms of want.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "821", "sort_key": 819, "question": "How are Christians aided in the performance of works of mercy?", "answer": "Christians are aided in the performance of works of mercy through the establishment of charitable institutions where religious communities of holy men or women perform these duties for us, provided we supply the necessary means by our almsgiving and good works.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "822", "sort_key": 820, "question": "Who are religious?", "answer": "Religious are self-sacrificing men and women who, wishing to follow more closely the teachings of Our Lord, dedicate their lives to the service of God and religion. They live together in societies approved by the Church, under a rule and guidance of a superior. They keep the vows of chastity, poverty and obedience, and divide their time between prayer and good works. The houses in which they dwell are called convents or monasteries, and the societies in which they live are called religious orders, communities or congregations.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "823", "sort_key": 821, "question": "Are there any religious communities of priests?", "answer": "There are many religious communities of priests, who, besides living according to the general laws of the Church, as all priests do, follow certain rules laid down for their community. Such priests are called the regular clergy, because living by rules to distinguish them from the secular clergy who live in their parishes under no special rule. The chief work of the regular clergy is to teach in colleges and give missions and retreats.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "824", "sort_key": 822, "question": "Why are there so many different religious communities?", "answer": "There are many different religious communities (1) because all religious are not fitted for the same work, and (2) because they desire to imitate Our Lord's life on earth as perfectly as possible; and when each community takes one of Christ's works and seeks to become perfect in it, the union of all their works continues as perfectly as we can the works He began upon earth.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON NINETEENTH.: ON CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "825", "sort_key": 823, "question": "{224} What should we do on entering the confessional?", "answer": "On entering the confessional we should kneel, make the sign of the Cross, and say to the priest, \"Bless me, father\"; then add, \"I confess to Almighty God and to you, father, that I have sinned.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH.: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "826", "sort_key": 824, "question": "{225} Which are the first things we should tell the priest in Confession?", "answer": "The first things we should tell the priest in Confession are the time of our last Confession, and whether we said the penance and went to Holy Communion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH.: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "827", "sort_key": 825, "question": "Should we tell anything else in connection with our last confession?", "answer": "In connection with our last confession we should tell also what restrictions--if any--were placed upon us with regard to our occasions of sin, and what obligations with regard to the payment of debts, restitution, injuries done to others and the like, we were commanded to fulfill.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH.: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "828", "sort_key": 826, "question": "{226} After telling the time of our last Confession and Communion what should we do?", "answer": "After telling the time of our last Confession and Communion we should confess all the mortal sins we have since committed, and all the venial sins we may wish to mention.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH.: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "829", "sort_key": 827, "question": "What is a general confession?", "answer": "A general confession is the telling of the sins of our whole life or a great part of it. It is made in the same manner as an ordinary confession, except that it requires more time and longer preparation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH.: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "830", "sort_key": 828, "question": "When should a General Confession be made?", "answer": "A general confession (1) is necessary when we are certain that our past confessions were bad; (2) it is useful on special occasions in our lives when some change in our way of living is about to take place; (3) it is hurtful and must not be made when persons are scrupulous.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH.: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "831", "sort_key": 829, "question": "What are the signs of scruples and the remedy against them?", "answer": "The signs of scruples are chiefly: (1) To be always dissatisfied with our confessions; (2) To be self-willed in deciding what is sinful and what is not. The chief remedy against them is to follow exactly the advice of the confessor without questioning the reason or utility of his advice.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH.: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "832", "sort_key": 830, "question": "{227} What must we do when the confessor asks us questions?", "answer": "When the confessor asks us questions we must answer them truthfully and clearly.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH.: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "833", "sort_key": 831, "question": "{228} What should we do after telling our sins?", "answer": "After telling our sins we should listen with attention to the advice which the confessor may think proper to give.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH.: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "834", "sort_key": 832, "question": "What duties does the priest perform in the confessional?", "answer": "In the confessional the priest performs the duties (1) of a judge, by listening to our self-accusations and passing sentence upon our guilt or innocence; (2) Of a father, by the good advice and encouragement he gives us; (3) Of a teacher, by his instructions, and (4) Of a physician, by discovering the afflictions of our soul and giving us the remedies to restore it to spiritual health.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH.: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "835", "sort_key": 833, "question": "Why is it beneficial to go always if possible to the same confessor?", "answer": "It is beneficial to go always, if possible, to the same confessor, because our continued confessions enable him to see more clearly the true state of our soul and to understand better our occasions of sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH.: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "836", "sort_key": 834, "question": "Should we remain away from confession because we cannot go to our usual confessor?", "answer": "We should not remain away from confession because we cannot go to our usual confessor, for though it is well to confess to the same priest, it is not necessary to do so. One should never become so attached to a confessor that his absence or the great inconvenience of going to him would become an excuse for neglecting the Sacraments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH.: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "837", "sort_key": 835, "question": "{229} How should we end our Confession?", "answer": "We should end our Confession by saying, \"I also accuse myself of all the sins of my past life,\" telling, if we choose, one or several of our past sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH.: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "838", "sort_key": 836, "question": "{230} What should we do while the priest is giving us absolution?", "answer": "While the priest is giving us absolution we should from our heart renew the Act of Contrition.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTIETH.: ON THE MANNER OF MAKING A GOOD CONFESSION.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "839", "sort_key": 837, "question": "{231} What is an Indulgence?", "answer": "An Indulgence is the remission in whole or in part of the temporal punishment due to sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "840", "sort_key": 838, "question": "What does the word \"indulgence\" mean?", "answer": "The word indulgence means a favor or concession. An indulgence obtains by a very slight penance the remission of penalties that would otherwise be severe.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "841", "sort_key": 839, "question": "{232} Is an Indulgence a pardon of sin, or a license to commit sin?", "answer": "An Indulgence is not a pardon of sin, nor a license to commit sin, and one who is in a state of mortal sin cannot gain an Indulgence.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "842", "sort_key": 840, "question": "How do good works done in mortal sin profit us?", "answer": "Good works done in mortal sin profit us by obtaining for us the grace to repent and sometimes temporal blessings. Mortal sin deprives us of all our merit, nevertheless God will bestow gifts for every good deed as He will punish every evil deed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "843", "sort_key": 841, "question": "{233} How many kinds of Indulgences are there?", "answer": "There are two kinds of Indulgences--Plenary and Partial.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "844", "sort_key": 842, "question": "{234} What is Plenary Indulgence?", "answer": "A Plenary Indulgence is the full remission of the temporal punishment due to sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "845", "sort_key": 843, "question": "Is it easy to gain a Plenary Indulgence?", "answer": "It is not easy to gain a Plenary Indulgence, as we may understand from its great privilege. To gain a Plenary Indulgence, we must hate sin, be heartily sorry for even our venial sins, and have no desire for even the slightest sin. Though we may not gain entirely each Plenary Indulgence we seek, we always gain a part of each; that is, a partial indulgence, greater or less in proportion to our good dispositions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "846", "sort_key": 844, "question": "Which are the most important Plenary Indulgences granted by the Church?", "answer": "The most important Plenary Indulgences granted by the Church are (1) The Indulgences of a jubilee which the Pope grants every twenty-five years or on great occasions by which he gives special faculties to confessors for the absolution of reserved sins; (2) The Indulgence granted to the dying in their last agony.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "847", "sort_key": 845, "question": "{235} What is a Partial Indulgence?", "answer": "A Partial Indulgence is the remission of part of the temporal punishment due to sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "848", "sort_key": 846, "question": "How long has the practice of granting Indulgences been in use in the Church, and what was its origin?", "answer": "The practice of granting Indulgences has been in use in the Church since the time of the apostles. It had its origin in the earnest prayers of holy persons, and especially of the martyrs begging the Church for their sake to shorten the severe penances of sinners, or to change them into lighter penances. The request was frequently granted and the penance remitted, shortened or changed, and with the penance remitted the temporal punishment corresponding to it was blotted out.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "849", "sort_key": 847, "question": "How do we show that the Church has the power to grant Indulgences?", "answer": "We show that the Church has the power to grant Indulgences, because Christ has given it power to remit all guilt without restriction, and if the Church has power, in the Sacrament of penance, to remit the eternal punishment--which is the greatest--it must have power to remit the temporal or lesser punishment, even outside the Sacrament of Penance.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "850", "sort_key": 848, "question": "How do we know that these Indulgences have their effect?", "answer": "We know that these Indulgences have their effect, because the Church, through her councils, declares Indulgences useful, and if they have no effect they would be useless, and the Church would teach error in spite of Christ's promise to guide it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "851", "sort_key": 849, "question": "Have there ever existed abuses among the faithful in the manner of using Indulgences?", "answer": "There have existed, in past ages, some abuses among the faithful in the manner of using Indulgences, and the Church has always labored to correct such abuses as soon as possible. In the use of pious practices we must be always guided by our lawful superiors.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "852", "sort_key": 850, "question": "How have the enemies of the Church made use of the abuse of Indulgences?", "answer": "The enemies of the Church have made use of the abuse of Indulgences to deny the doctrine of Indulgences, and to break down the teaching and limit the power of the Church. Not to be deceived in matters of faith, we must always distinguish very carefully between the abuses to which a devotion may lead and the truths upon which the devotion rests.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "853", "sort_key": 851, "question": "{236} How does the Church by means of Indulgences remit the temporal punishment due to sin?", "answer": "The Church, by means of Indulgences, remits the temporal punishment due to sin by applying to us the merits of Jesus Christ, and the superabundant satisfactions of the Blessed Virgin Mary and of the saints; which merits and satisfactions are its spiritual treasury.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "854", "sort_key": 852, "question": "What do we mean by the \"superabundant satisfaction of the Blessed Virgin and the Saints\"?", "answer": "By the superabundant satisfaction of the Blessed Virgin and the saints, we mean all the satisfaction over and above what was necessary to satisfy for their own sins. As their good works were many and their sins few--the Blessed Virgin being sinless--the satisfaction not needed for themselves is kept by the Church in a spiritual treasury to be used for our benefit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "855", "sort_key": 853, "question": "Does the Church, by granting Indulgences, free us from doing Penance?", "answer": "The Church, by granting Indulgences, does not free us from doing penance, but simply makes our penance lighter that we may more easily satisfy for our sins and escape the punishments they deserve.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "856", "sort_key": 854, "question": "Who has the power to grant Indulgences?", "answer": "The Pope alone has the power to grant Indulgences for the whole Church; but the bishops have power to grant partial Indulgences in their own diocese. Cardinals and some others, by the special permission of the Pope, have the right to grant certain Indulgences.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "857", "sort_key": 855, "question": "Where shall we find the Indulgences granted by the Church?", "answer": "We shall find the Indulgences granted by the Church in the declarations of the Pope and of the Sacred Congregation of Cardinals. These declarations are usually put into prayer books and books of devotion or instruction.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "858", "sort_key": 856, "question": "{237} What must we do to gain an Indulgence?", "answer": "To gain an Indulgence we must be in the state of grace and perform the works enjoined.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "859", "sort_key": 857, "question": "Besides being in a state of grace and performing the works enjoined, what else is necessary for the gaining of an Indulgence?", "answer": "Besides being in a state of grace and performing the works enjoined, it is necessary for the gaining of an Indulgence to have at least the general intention of gaining it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "860", "sort_key": 858, "question": "How and why should we make a general intention to gain all possible Indulgences each day?", "answer": "We should make a general intention at our morning prayers to gain all possible Indulgences each day, because several of the prayers we say and good works we perform may have Indulgences attached to them, though we are not aware of it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "861", "sort_key": 859, "question": "What works are generally enjoined for the gaining of Indulgences?", "answer": "The works generally enjoined for the gaining of Indulgences are: The saying of certain prayers, fasting, and the use of certain articles of devotion; visits to Churches or altars, and the giving of alms. For the gaining of Plenary Indulgences it is generally required to go to confession and Holy Communion and pray for the intention of the Pope.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "862", "sort_key": 860, "question": "What does praying for a person's intention mean?", "answer": "Praying for a person's intention means praying for whatever he prays for or desires to obtain through prayer--some spiritual or temporal favors.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "863", "sort_key": 861, "question": "What does an Indulgence of forty days mean?", "answer": "An Indulgence of forty days means that for the prayer or work to which an Indulgence of forty days is attached, God remits as much of our temporal punishment as He remitted for forty days' canonical penance. We do not know just how much temporal punishment God remitted for forty days' public penance, but whatever it was, He remits the same now when we gain an Indulgence of forty days. The same rule applies to Indulgences of a year or any length of time.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "864", "sort_key": 862, "question": "Why did the Church moderate its severe penances?", "answer": "The Church moderated its severe penances, because when Christians--terrified by persecution--grew weaker in their faith, there was danger of some abandoning their religion rather than submit to the penances imposed. The Church, therefore, wishing to save as many as possible, made the sinner's penance as light as possible.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "865", "sort_key": 863, "question": "To what things may Indulgences be attached?", "answer": "Plenary or Partial Indulgences may be attached to prayers and solid articles of devotion; to places such as churches, altars, shrines, &c., to be visited; and by a special privilege they are sometimes attached to the good works of certain persons.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "866", "sort_key": 864, "question": "When do things lose the Indulgences attached to them?", "answer": "Things lose the Indulgences attached to them: (1) When they are so changed at once as to be no longer what they were; (2) When they are sold. Rosaries and other indulgenced articles do not lose their indulgences, when they are loaned or given away, for the indulgence is not personal but attached to the article itself.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "867", "sort_key": 865, "question": "Will a weekly Confession suffice to gain during the week all Indulgences to which Confession is enjoined as one of the works?", "answer": "Weekly confession will suffice to gain during the week all Indulgences to which confession is enjoined as one of the works, provided we continue in a state of grace, perform the other works enjoined and have the intention of gaining these Indulgences.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "868", "sort_key": 866, "question": "How and when may we apply Indulgences for the benefit of the souls in Purgatory?", "answer": "We may apply Indulgences for the benefit of the souls in Purgatory by way of intercession; whenever this application is mentioned and permitted by the Church in granting the Indulgence; that is, when the Church declares that the Indulgence granted is applicable to the souls of the living or the souls in Purgatory; so that we may gain it for the benefit of either.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIRST.: ON INDULGENCES.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "869", "sort_key": 867, "question": "What does the word Eucharist strictly mean?", "answer": "The word Eucharist strictly means pleasing, and this Sacrament is so called because it renders us most pleasing to God by the grace it imparts, and it gives us the best means of thanking Him for all His blessings.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "870", "sort_key": 868, "question": "{238} What is the Holy Eucharist?", "answer": "The Holy Eucharist is the Sacrament which contains the body and blood, soul and divinity, of our Lord Jesus Christ under the appearances of bread and wine.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "871", "sort_key": 869, "question": "What do we mean when we say the Sacrament which contains the Body and Blood?", "answer": "When we say the Sacrament which contains the Body and Blood, we mean the Sacrament which is the Body and Blood, for after the Consecration there is no other substance present in the Eucharist.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "872", "sort_key": 870, "question": "When is the Holy Eucharist a Sacrament, and when is it a sacrifice?", "answer": "The Holy Eucharist is a Sacrament when we receive it in Holy Communion and when it remains in the Tabernacle of the Altar. It is a sacrifice when it is offered up at Mass by the separate Consecration of the bread and wine, which signifies the separation of Our Lord's blood from His body when He died on the Cross.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "873", "sort_key": 871, "question": "{239} When did Christ institute the Holy Eucharist?", "answer": "Christ instituted the Holy Eucharist at the Last Supper, the night before He died.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "874", "sort_key": 872, "question": "{240} Who were present when our Lord instituted the Holy Eucharist?", "answer": "When Our Lord instituted the Holy Eucharist, the twelve Apostles were present.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "875", "sort_key": 873, "question": "{241} How did our Lord institute the Holy Eucharist?", "answer": "Our Lord instituted the Holy Eucharist by taking bread, blessing, breaking, and giving to His Apostles, saying: \"Take ye and eat. This is my body\"; and then, by taking the cup of wine, blessing and giving it, saying to them: \"Drink ye all of this. This is my blood which shall be shed for the remission of sins. Do this for a commemoration of me.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "876", "sort_key": 874, "question": "{242} What happened when our Lord said, \"This is my body; this is my blood\"?", "answer": "When Our Lord said, \"This is my body,\" the substance of the bread was changed into the substance of His body; when He said, \"This is my blood,\" the substance of the wine was changed into the substance of His blood.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "877", "sort_key": 875, "question": "How do we prove the Real Presence, that is, that Our Lord is really and truly present in the Holy Eucharist?", "answer": "We prove the Real Presence--that is, that Our Lord is really and truly present in the Holy Eucharist--(1) By showing that it is possible to change one substance into another; (2) By showing that Christ did change the substance of bread and wine into the substance of His body and blood; (3) By showing that He gave this power also to His Apostles and to the priests of His Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "878", "sort_key": 876, "question": "How do we know that it is possible to change one substance into another?", "answer": "We know that it is possible to change one substance into another, because (1) God changed water into blood during the plagues of Egypt; (2) Christ changed water into wine at the marriage of Cana; (3) Our own food is daily changed into the substance of our flesh and blood; and what God does gradually, He can also do instantly by an act of His will.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "879", "sort_key": 877, "question": "Are these changes exactly the same as the changes that take place in the Holy Eucharist?", "answer": "These changes are not exactly the same as the changes that take place in the Holy Eucharist, for in these changes the appearance also is changed, but in the Holy Eucharist only the substance is changed while the appearance remains the same.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "880", "sort_key": 878, "question": "How do we show that Christ did change bread and wine into the substance of His body and blood?", "answer": "We show that Christ did change bread and wine into the substance of His body and blood: (1) From the words by which He promised the Holy Eucharist; (2) From the words by which He instituted the Holy Eucharist; (3) From the constant use of the Holy Eucharist in the Church since the time of the Apostles; (4) From the impossibility of denying the Real Presence in the Holy Eucharist, without likewise denying all that Christ has taught and done; for we have stronger proofs for the Holy Eucharist than for any other Christian truth.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "881", "sort_key": 879, "question": "{243} Is Jesus Christ whole and entire both under the form of bread and under the form of wine?", "answer": "Jesus Christ is whole and entire both under the form of bread and under the form of wine.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "882", "sort_key": 880, "question": "How do we know that under the appearance of bread we receive also Christ's blood; and under the appearance of wine we receive also Christ's body?", "answer": "We know that under the appearance of bread we receive also Christ's blood, and under the appearance of wine we receive also Christ's body; because in the Holy Eucharist we receive the living body of Our Lord, and a living body cannot exist without blood, nor can living blood exist without a body.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "883", "sort_key": 881, "question": "Is Jesus Christ present whole and entire in the smallest portion of the Holy Eucharist, under the form of either bread or wine?", "answer": "Jesus Christ is present whole and entire in the smallest portion of the Holy Eucharist under the form of either bread or wine; for His body in the Eucharist is in a glorified state, and as it partakes of the character of a spiritual substance, it requires no definite size or shape.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "884", "sort_key": 882, "question": "{244} Did anything remain of the bread and wine after their substance had been changed into the substance of the body and blood of our Lord?", "answer": "After the substance of the bread and wine had been changed into the substance of the body and blood of Our Lord, there remained only the appearances of bread and wine.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "885", "sort_key": 883, "question": "{245} What do you mean by the appearances of bread and wine?", "answer": "By the appearances of bread and wine I mean the figure, the color, the taste, and whatever appears to the senses.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "886", "sort_key": 884, "question": "{246} What is this change of the bread and wine into the body and blood of our Lord called?", "answer": "This change of the bread and wine into the body and blood of Our Lord is called Transubstantiation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "887", "sort_key": 885, "question": "What is the second great miracle in the Holy Eucharist?", "answer": "The second great miracle in the Holy Eucharist is the multiplication of the presence of Our Lord's body in so many places at the same time, while the body itself is not multiplied--for there is but one body of Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "888", "sort_key": 886, "question": "Are there not, then, as many bodies of Christ as there are tabernacles in the world, or as there are Masses being said at the same time?", "answer": "There are not as many bodies of Christ as there are tabernacles in the world, or as there are Masses being said at the same time; but only one body of Christ, which is everywhere present whole and entire in the Holy Eucharist, as God is everywhere present, while He is but one God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "889", "sort_key": 887, "question": "{247} How was the substance of the bread and wine changed into the substance of the body and blood of Christ?", "answer": "The substance of the bread and wine was changed into the substance of the body and blood of Christ by His almighty power.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "890", "sort_key": 888, "question": "{248} Does this change of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ continue to be made in the Church?", "answer": "This change of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ continues to be made in the Church by Jesus Christ through the ministry of His priests.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "891", "sort_key": 889, "question": "{249} When did Christ give His priests the power to change bread and wine into His body and blood?", "answer": "Christ gave His priests the power to change bread and wine into His body and blood when He said to the Apostles, \"Do this in commemoration of Me.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "892", "sort_key": 890, "question": "What do the words \"Do this in commemoration of Me\" mean?", "answer": "The words \"Do this in commemoration of Me\" mean: Do what I, Christ, am doing at My last supper, namely, changing the substance of bread and wine into the substance of My body and blood; and do it in remembrance of Me.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "893", "sort_key": 891, "question": "{250} How do the priests exercise this power of changing bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ?", "answer": "The priests exercise this power of changing bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ through the words of consecration in the Mass, which are words of Christ: \"This is my body; this is my blood.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "894", "sort_key": 892, "question": "At what part of the Mass does the Consecration take place?", "answer": "The Consecration in the Mass takes place immediately before the elevation of the Host and Chalice, which are raised above the head of the priest that the people may adore Our Lord who has just come to the altar at the words of Consecration.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SECOND.: ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "895", "sort_key": 893, "question": "{251} Why did Christ institute the Holy Eucharist?", "answer": "Christ instituted the Holy Eucharist--", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "896", "sort_key": 894, "question": "Has the Holy Eucharist any other effect?", "answer": "The Holy Eucharist remits venial sins by disposing us to perform acts of love and contrition. It preserves us from mortal sin by exciting us to greater fervor and strengthening us against temptation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "897", "sort_key": 895, "question": "{252} How are we united to Jesus Christ in the Holy Eucharist?", "answer": "We are united to Jesus Christ in the Holy Eucharist by means of Holy Communion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "898", "sort_key": 896, "question": "{253} What is Holy Communion?", "answer": "Holy Communion is the receiving of the body and blood of Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "899", "sort_key": 897, "question": "Is it not beneath the dignity of Our Lord to enter our bodies under the appearance of ordinary food?", "answer": "It is not beneath the dignity of Our Lord to enter our bodies under the appearance of ordinary food any more than it was beneath His dignity to enter the body of His Blessed Mother and remain there as an ordinary child for nine months. Christ's dignity, being infinite, can never be diminished by any act on His own or on our part.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "900", "sort_key": 898, "question": "Why does not the Church give Holy Communion to the people as it does to the priest under the appearance of wine also?", "answer": "The Church does not give Holy Communion to the people as it does to the priest under the appearance of wine also, to avoid the danger of spilling the Precious Blood; to prevent the irreverence some might show if compelled to drink out of a chalice used by all, and lastly, to refute those who denied that Our Lord's blood is present under the appearance of bread also.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "901", "sort_key": 899, "question": "{254} What is necessary to make a good Communion?", "answer": "To make a good Communion it is necessary to be in the state of sanctifying grace and to fast according to the laws of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "902", "sort_key": 900, "question": "What should a person do who, through forgetfulness or any other cause, has broken the fast necessary for Holy Communion?", "answer": "A person who through forgetfulness or any other cause has broken the fast necessary for Holy Communion, should again fast and receive Holy Communion the following morning if possible, without returning to confession. It is not a sin to break one's fast, but it would be a mortal sin to receive Holy Communion after knowingly breaking the fast necessary for it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "903", "sort_key": 901, "question": "{255} Does he who receives Communion in mortal sin receive the body and blood of Christ?", "answer": "He who receives Communion in mortal sin receives the body and blood of Christ, but does not receive His grace, and he commits a great sacrilege.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "904", "sort_key": 902, "question": "{256} Is it enough to be free from mortal sin to receive plentifully the graces of Holy Communion?", "answer": "To receive plentifully the graces of Holy Communion it is not enough to be free from mortal sin, but we should be free from all affection to venial sin, and should make acts of lively faith, of firm hope, and ardent love.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "905", "sort_key": 903, "question": "{257} What is the fast necessary for Holy Communion?", "answer": "The fast necessary for Holy Communion is the abstaining from food, alcoholic drinks and non-alcoholic drinks for one hour before Holy Communion. Water does not break the fast.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "906", "sort_key": 904, "question": "Does medicine taken by necessity or food taken by accident break the fast for Holy Communion?", "answer": "Medicine does not break the fast; food taken by accident within one hour before Communion breaks the fast.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "907", "sort_key": 905, "question": "{258} Is any one ever allowed to receive Holy Communion when not fasting?", "answer": "To protect the Blessed Sacrament from insult or injury, or when in danger of death, Holy Communion may be received without fasting.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "908", "sort_key": 906, "question": "Is the Holy Communion called by any other name when given to one in danger of death?", "answer": "When the Holy Communion is given to one in danger of death, it is called Viaticum, and is given with its own form of prayer. In giving Holy Communion the priest says: \"May the body of Our Lord Jesus Christ guard your soul to eternal life.\" In giving Holy Viaticum he says: \"Receive, brother (or sister), the Viaticum of the body of Our Lord Jesus Christ, which will guard you from the wicked enemy and lead you into eternal life.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "909", "sort_key": 907, "question": "{259} When are we bound to receive Holy Communion?", "answer": "We are bound to receive Holy Communion, under pain of mortal sin, during the Easter time and when in danger of death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "910", "sort_key": 908, "question": "{260} Is it well to receive Holy Communion often?", "answer": "It is well to receive Holy Communion often, as nothing is a greater aid to a holy life than often to receive the Author of all grace and the Source of all good.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "911", "sort_key": 909, "question": "How shall we know how often we should receive Holy Communion?", "answer": "We shall know how often we shall receive Holy Communion only from the advice of our confessor, by whom we must be guided, and whom we must strictly obey in this as well as in all matters concerning the state of our soul.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "912", "sort_key": 910, "question": "What is a spiritual Communion?", "answer": "A spiritual communion is an earnest desire to receive Communion in reality, by which desire we make all preparations and thanksgivings that we would make in case we really received the Holy Eucharist. Spiritual Communion is an act of devotion that must be pleasing to God and bring us blessings from Him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "913", "sort_key": 911, "question": "{261} What should we do after Holy Communion?", "answer": "After Holy Communion we should spend some time in adoring Our Lord, in thanking Him for the grace we have received, and in asking Him for the blessings we need.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "914", "sort_key": 912, "question": "What length of time should we spend in thanksgiving after Holy Communion?", "answer": "We should spend sufficient time in Thanksgiving after Holy Communion to show due reverence to the Blessed Sacrament; for Our Lord is personally with us as long as the appearance of bread and wine remains.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "915", "sort_key": 913, "question": "What should we be particular about when receiving Holy Communion?", "answer": "When receiving Holy Communion we should be particular: (1) About the respectful manner in which we approach and return from the altar; (2) About our personal appearance, especially neatness and cleanliness; (3) About raising our head, opening our mouth and putting forth the tongue in the proper manner; (4) About swallowing the Sacred Host; (5) About removing it carefully with the tongue, in case it should stick to the mouth, but never with the finger under any circumstances.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-THIRD.: ON THE ENDS FOR WHICH THE HOLY EUCHARIST WAS INSTITUTED.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "916", "sort_key": 914, "question": "{262} When and where are the bread and wine changed into the body and blood of Christ?", "answer": "The bread and wine are changed into the body and blood of Christ at the Consecration in the Mass.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "917", "sort_key": 915, "question": "{263} What is the Mass?", "answer": "The Mass is the unbloody sacrifice of the body and blood of Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "918", "sort_key": 916, "question": "Why is this Sacrifice called the Mass?", "answer": "This Sacrifice is called the \"Mass\" very probably from the words \"Ite Missa est,\" used by the priest as he tells the people to depart when the Holy Sacrifice is ended.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "919", "sort_key": 917, "question": "{264} What is a sacrifice?", "answer": "A sacrifice is the offering of an object by a priest to God alone, and the consuming of it to acknowledge that He is the Creator and Lord of all things.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "920", "sort_key": 918, "question": "{265} Is the Mass the same sacrifice as that of the Cross?", "answer": "The Mass is the same sacrifice as that of the Cross.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "921", "sort_key": 919, "question": "{266} How is the Mass the same sacrifice as that of the Cross?", "answer": "The Mass is the same sacrifice as that of the Cross because the offering and the priest are the same--Christ our Blessed Lord; and the ends for which the sacrifice of the Mass is offered are the same as those of the sacrifice of the Cross.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "922", "sort_key": 920, "question": "{267} What were the ends for which the sacrifice of the Cross was offered?", "answer": "The ends for which the sacrifice of the Cross was offered were: 1st, To honor and glorify God; 2nd, To thank Him for all the graces bestowed on the whole world; 3rd, To satisfy God's justice for the sins of men; 4th, To obtain all graces and blessings.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "923", "sort_key": 921, "question": "How are the fruits of the Mass distributed?", "answer": "The fruits of the Mass are distributed thus: The first benefit is bestowed on the priest who says the Mass; the second on the person for whom the Mass is said, or for the intention for which it is said; the third on those who are present at the Mass, and particularly on those who serve it, and the fourth on all the faithful who are in communion with the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "924", "sort_key": 922, "question": "Are all Masses of equal value in themselves or do they differ in worth?", "answer": "All Masses are equal in value in themselves and do not differ in worth, but only in the solemnity with which they are celebrated or in the end for which they are offered.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "925", "sort_key": 923, "question": "How are Masses distinguished?", "answer": "Masses are distinguished thus: (1) When the Mass is sung by a bishop, assisted by a deacon and sub-deacon, it is called a Pontifical Mass; (2) When it is sung by a priest, assisted by a deacon and sub-deacon, it is called a Solemn Mass; (3) When sung by a priest without deacon and sub-deacon, it is called a Missa Cantata or High Mass; (4) When the Mass is only read in a low tone it is called a low or private Mass.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "926", "sort_key": 924, "question": "For what end or intention may Mass be offered?", "answer": "Mass may be offered for any end or intention that tends to the honor and glory of God, to the good of the Church or the welfare of man; but never for any object that is bad in itself, or in its aims; neither can it be offered publicly for persons who are not members of the true Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "927", "sort_key": 925, "question": "Explain what is meant by Requiem, Nuptial and Votive Masses.", "answer": "A Requiem Mass is one said in black vestments and with special prayers for the dead. A Nuptial Mass is one said at the marriage of two Catholics, and it has special prayers for their benefit. A Votive Mass is one said in honor of some particular mystery or saint, on a day not set apart by the Church for the honor of that mystery or saint.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "928", "sort_key": 926, "question": "From what may we learn that we are to offer up the Holy Sacrifice with the priest?", "answer": "We may learn that we are to offer up the Holy Sacrifice with the priest from the words used in the Mass itself; for the priest, after offering up the bread and wine for the Sacrifice, turns to the people and says: \"Orate Fratres,\" &c., which means: \"Pray, brethren, that my sacrifice and yours may be acceptable to God the Father Almighty,\" and the server answers in our name: \"May the Lord receive the sacrifice from thy hands to the praise and glory of His own name, and to our benefit and that of all His Holy Church.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "929", "sort_key": 927, "question": "From what did the custom of making an offering to the priest for saying Mass arise?", "answer": "The custom of making an offering to the priest for saying Mass arose from the old custom of bringing to the priest the bread and wine necessary for the celebration of Mass.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "930", "sort_key": 928, "question": "Is it not simony, or the buying of a sacred thing, to offer the priest money for saying Mass for your intention?", "answer": "It is not simony, or the buying of a sacred thing, to offer the priest money for saying Mass for our intention, because the priest does not take the money for the Mass itself, but for the purpose of supplying the things necessary for Mass and for his own support.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "931", "sort_key": 929, "question": "{268} Is there any difference between the sacrifice of the Cross and the sacrifice of the Mass?", "answer": "Yes; the manner in which the sacrifice is offered is different. On the Cross Christ really shed His blood and was really slain; in the Mass there is no real shedding of blood nor real death, because Christ can die no more; but the sacrifice of the Mass, through the separate consecration of the bread and the wine, represents His death on the Cross.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "932", "sort_key": 930, "question": "What are the chief parts of the Mass?", "answer": "The chief parts of the Mass are: (1) The Offertory, at which the priests offers to God the bread and wine to be changed at the Consecration; (2) The Consecration, at which the substance of the bread and wine are changed into the substance of Christ's body and blood; (3) The Communion, at which the priest receives into his own body the Holy Eucharist under the appearance of both bread and wine.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "933", "sort_key": 931, "question": "At what part of the Mass does the Offertory take place, and what parts of the Mass are said before it?", "answer": "The Offertory takes place immediately after the uncovering of the chalice. The parts of the Mass said before it are: The Introit, Kyrie, Gloria, Prayers, Epistle, Gospel and Creed. The Introit, Prayers, Epistle and Gospel change in each Mass to correspond with the feast celebrated.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "934", "sort_key": 932, "question": "What is the part of the Mass called in which the Words of Consecration are found?", "answer": "The part of the Mass in which the words of Consecration are found is called the Canon. This is the most solemn part of the Mass, and is rarely and but slightly changed in any Mass.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "935", "sort_key": 933, "question": "What follows the Communion of the Mass?", "answer": "Following the Communion of Mass, there are prayers of thanksgiving, the blessing of the people, and the saying of the last Gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "936", "sort_key": 934, "question": "What things are necessary for Mass?", "answer": "The things necessary for Mass are: (1) An altar with linen covers, candles, crucifix, altar stone and Mass book; (2) A Chalice with all needed in its use, and bread of flour from wheat and wine from the grape; (3) Vestments for the priest, and (4) An acolyte or server.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "937", "sort_key": 935, "question": "What is the altar stone, and of what does it remind us?", "answer": "The altar stone is that part of the altar upon which the priest rests the Chalice during Mass. This stone contains some holy relics sealed up in it by the bishop, and if the altar is of wood this stone is inserted just in front of the Tabernacle. The altar stone reminds us of the early history of the Church, when the martyrs' tombs were used for altars by the persecuted Christians.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "938", "sort_key": 936, "question": "What lesson do we learn from the practice of using martyrs' tombs for altars?", "answer": "From the practice of using martyrs' tombs for altars we learn the inconvenience, sufferings and dangers the early Christians willingly underwent for the sake of hearing Mass. Since the Mass is the same now as it was then, we should suffer every inconvenience rather than be absent from Mass on Sundays or holy days.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "939", "sort_key": 937, "question": "What things are used with the chalice during Mass?", "answer": "The things used with the chalice during Mass are: (1) The purificator or cloth for wiping the inside; (2) The paten or small silver plate used in handling the host; (3) The pall or white card used for covering the chalice at Mass; (4) The corporal or linen cloth on which the chalice and host rest.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "940", "sort_key": 938, "question": "What is the host?", "answer": "The host is the name given to the thin wafer of bread used at Mass. This name is generally applied before and after Consecration to the large particle of bread used by the priest, though the small particles given to the people are also called by the same name.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "941", "sort_key": 939, "question": "Are large and small hosts consecrated at every Mass?", "answer": "A large host is consecrated at every Mass, but small hosts are consecrated only at some Masses at which they are to be given to the people or placed in the Tabernacle for the Holy Communion of the faithful.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "942", "sort_key": 940, "question": "What vestments does the priest use at Mass and what do they signify?", "answer": "The vestments used by the priest at Mass are: (1) The Amice, a white cloth around the shoulders to signify resistance to temptation; (2) The Alb, a long white garment to signify innocence; (3) The Cincture, a cord about the waist, to signify chastity; (4) The Maniple or hanging vestment on the left arm, to signify penance; (5) The Stole or long vestment about the neck, to signify immortality; (6) The Chasuble or long vestment over all, to signify love and remind the priest, by its cross on front and back, of the Passion of Our Lord.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "943", "sort_key": 941, "question": "How many colors of vestments are used, and what do the colors signify?", "answer": "Five colors of vestments are used, namely, white, red, green, violet or purple, and black. White signifies innocence and is used on the feasts of Our Blessed Lord, of the Blessed Virgin, and of some saints. Red signifies love, and is used on the feasts of the Holy Ghost, and of martyrs. Green signifies hope, and is generally used on Sundays from Epiphany to Pentecost. Violet signifies penance, and is used in Lent and Advent. Black signifies sorrow, and is used on Good Friday and at Masses for the dead. Gold is often used for white on great feasts.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "944", "sort_key": 942, "question": "What is the Tabernacle and what is the Ciborium?", "answer": "The Tabernacle is the house-shaped part of the altar where the sacred vessels containing the Blessed Sacrament are kept. The Ciborium is the large silver or gold vessel which contains the Blessed Sacrament while in the Tabernacle, and from which the priest gives Holy Communion to the people.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "945", "sort_key": 943, "question": "What is the Ostensorium or Monstrance?", "answer": "The Ostensorium or Monstrance is the beautiful wheel-like vessel in which the Blessed Sacrament is exposed and kept during the Benediction.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "946", "sort_key": 944, "question": "{269} How should we assist at Mass?", "answer": "We should assist at Mass with great interior recollection and piety and with every outward mark of respect and devotion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "947", "sort_key": 945, "question": "{270} Which is the best manner of hearing Mass?", "answer": "The best manner of hearing Mass is to offer it to God with the priest for the same purpose for which it is said, to meditate on Christ's sufferings and death, and to go to Holy Communion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "948", "sort_key": 946, "question": "What is important for the proper and respectful hearing of Mass?", "answer": "For the proper and respectful hearing of Mass it is important to be in our place before the priest comes to the altar and not to leave it before the priest leaves the altar. Thus we prevent the confusion and distraction caused by late coming and too early leaving. Standing in the doorways, blocking up passages and disputing about places should, out of respect for the Holy Sacrifice, be most carefully avoided.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "949", "sort_key": 947, "question": "What is Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament, and what vestments are used at it?", "answer": "Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament is an act of divine worship in which the Blessed Sacrament, placed in the ostensorium, is exposed for the adoration of the people and is lifted up to bless them. The vestments used at Benediction are: A cope or large silk cloak and a humeral or shoulder veil.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "950", "sort_key": 948, "question": "Why does the priest wear special vestments and use certain ceremonies while performing his sacred duties?", "answer": "The priest wears special vestments and uses certain ceremonies while performing his sacred duties: (1) To give greater solemnity and to command more attention and respect at divine worship; (2) To instruct the people in the things that these vestments and ceremonies signify; (3) To remind the priest himself of the importance and sacred character of the work in which he is the representative of Our Lord Himself. Hence we should learn the meaning of the ceremonies of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "951", "sort_key": 949, "question": "How do we show that the ceremonies of the Church are reasonable and proper?", "answer": "We show that the ceremonies of the Church are reasonable and proper from the fact that all persons in authority, rulers, judges and masters, require certain acts of respect from their subjects, and as we know Our Lord is present on the altar, the Church requires definite acts of reverence and respect at the services held in His honor and in His presence.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "952", "sort_key": 950, "question": "Are there other reasons for the use of ceremonies?", "answer": "There are other reasons for the use of ceremonies: (1) God commanded ceremonies to be used in the old law, and (2) Our Blessed Lord Himself made use of ceremonies in performing some of His miracles.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "953", "sort_key": 951, "question": "How are the persons who take part in a Solemn Mass or Vespers named?", "answer": "The persons who take part in a Solemn Mass or Vespers are named as follows: The priest who says or celebrates the Mass is called the celebrant; those who assist him as deacon and sub-deacon are called the ministers; those who serve are called acolytes, and the one who directs the ceremonies is called the master of ceremonies. If the celebrant be a bishop, the Mass or Vespers is called Pontifical Mass or Pontifical Vespers.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "954", "sort_key": 952, "question": "What is Vespers?", "answer": "Vespers is a portion of the divine office or daily prayer of the Church. It is sung in Churches generally on Sunday afternoon or evening, and is usually followed by Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "955", "sort_key": 953, "question": "Can one satisfy for neglecting Mass on Sunday by hearing Vespers on the same day?", "answer": "One cannot satisfy for neglecting Mass on Sunday by hearing Vespers on the same day, because there is no law of the Church obliging us under pain of sin to attend Vespers, while there is a law obliging us under pain of mortal sin to hear Mass.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH.: ON THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "956", "sort_key": 954, "question": "{271} What is the Sacrament of Extreme Unction?", "answer": "Extreme Unction is the Sacrament which, through the anointing and prayer of the priest, gives health and strength to the soul, and sometimes to the body, when we are in danger of death from sickness.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "957", "sort_key": 955, "question": "Why is this Sacrament called Extreme Unction?", "answer": "Extreme means last, and Unction means an anointing or rubbing with oil, and because Catholics are anointed with oil at Baptism, Confirmation and Holy Orders, the last Sacrament in, which oil is used is called Extreme Unction, or the last Unction or anointing.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "958", "sort_key": 956, "question": "Is this Sacrament called Extreme Unction if the person recovers after receiving it?", "answer": "This Sacrament is always called Extreme Unction, even if it must be given several times to the same person, for Extreme Unction is the proper name of the Sacrament, and it may be given as often as a person recovering from one attack of sickness is in danger of death by another. In a lingering illness it may be repeated after a month or six weeks, if the person slightly recovers and again relapses into a dangerous condition.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "959", "sort_key": 957, "question": "To whom may Extreme Unction be given?", "answer": "Extreme Unction may be given to all Christians dangerously ill, who have ever been capable of committing sin after baptism and who have the right dispositions for the Sacrament. Hence it is never given to children who have not reached the use of reason, nor to persons who have always been insane.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "960", "sort_key": 958, "question": "What are the right dispositions for Extreme Unction?", "answer": "The right dispositions for Extreme Unction are: (1) Resignation to the Will of God with regard to our recovery; (2) A state of grace or at least contrition for sins committed, and (3) A general intention or desire to receive the Sacrament. This Sacrament is never given to heretics in danger of death, because they cannot be supposed to have the intention necessary for receiving it, nor the desire to make use of the Sacrament of Penance in putting themselves in a state of grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "961", "sort_key": 959, "question": "When and by whom was Extreme Unction instituted?", "answer": "Extreme Unction was instituted at the time of the apostles, for James the Apostle exhorts the sick to receive it. It was instituted by Our Lord Himself--though we do not know at what particular time--for He alone can make a visible act a means of grace, and the apostles and their successors could never have believed Extreme Unction a Sacrament and used it as such unless they had Our Lord's authority for so doing.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "962", "sort_key": 960, "question": "{272} When should we receive Extreme Unction?", "answer": "We should receive Extreme Unction when we are in danger of death from sickness, or from a wound or accident.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "963", "sort_key": 961, "question": "What parts of the body are anointed in Extreme Unction?", "answer": "The parts of the body anointed in Extreme Unction are: The eyes, the ears, the nose or nostrils, the lips, the hands and the feet, because these represent our senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch, which are the means through which we have committed most of our sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "964", "sort_key": 962, "question": "What things should be prepared in the sick-room when the priest is coming to give the last Sacraments?", "answer": "When the priest is coming to give the last Sacraments, the following things should be prepared: A table covered with a white cloth; a crucifix; two lighted candles in candlesticks; holy water in a small vessel, with a small piece of palm for a sprinkler; a glass of clean water; a tablespoon and a napkin or cloth, to be placed under the chin of the one receiving the Viaticum. Besides these, if Extreme Unction also is to be given, there should be some cotton and a small piece of bread or lemon to purify the priest's fingers.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "965", "sort_key": 963, "question": "What seems most proper with regard to the things necessary for the last Sacraments?", "answer": "It seems most proper that the things necessary for the last Sacraments should be carefully kept in every Catholic family, and should never, if possible, be used for any other purpose.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "966", "sort_key": 964, "question": "What else is to be observed about the preparation for the administration of the last Sacraments?", "answer": "The further preparation for the administration of the last Sacraments requires that out of respect for the Sacraments, and in particular for the presence of Our Lord, everything about the sick-room, the sick person and even the attendants, should be made as neat and clean as possible. Especially should the face, hands and feet of the one to be anointed be thoroughly clean.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "967", "sort_key": 965, "question": "{273} Should we wait until we are in extreme danger before we receive Extreme Unction?", "answer": "We should not wait until we are in extreme danger before we receive Extreme Unction, but if possible we should receive it whilst we have the use of our senses.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "968", "sort_key": 966, "question": "What should we do in case of serious illness if the sick person will not consent or is afraid to receive the Sacraments, or, at least, wishes to put off their reception?", "answer": "In case of serious illness, if the sick person will not consent, or is afraid to receive the Sacraments, or, at least, wishes to put off their reception, we should send for the priest at once and let him do what he thinks best in the case, and thus we will free ourselves from the responsibility of letting a Catholic die without the last Sacraments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "969", "sort_key": 967, "question": "{274} Which are the effects of the Sacrament of Extreme Unction?", "answer": "The effects of Extreme Unction are: 1st, To comfort us in the pains of sickness and to strengthen us against temptations; 2d, To remit venial sins and to cleanse our soul from the remains of sin; 3d, To restore us to health, when God sees fit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "970", "sort_key": 968, "question": "Will Extreme Unction take away mortal sin if the dying person is no longer able to confess?", "answer": "Extreme Unction will take away mortal sin if the dying person is no longer able to confess, provided he has the sorrow for his sins that would be necessary for the worthy reception of the Sacrament of Penance.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "971", "sort_key": 969, "question": "How do we know that this Sacrament, more than any other, was instituted to benefit the body?", "answer": "We know that this Sacrament more than any other was instituted to benefit the body (1) From the words of St. James exhorting us to receive it; (2) It is given when the soul is already purified by the graces of Penance and Holy Viaticum; (3) One of its chief objects is to restore us to health if it be for our spiritual good, as most of the prayers said in giving this Sacrament indicate.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "972", "sort_key": 970, "question": "Since Extreme Unction may restore us to health, should we not be glad to receive it?", "answer": "Since Extreme Unction may restore us to health, we should be glad to receive it, and we should not delay its reception till we are so near death that God could restore us only by a miracle. Again, this Sacrament, like the others, gives sanctifying and sacramental grace, which we should be eager to obtain as soon as our sickness is sufficient to give us the privilege of receiving the last Sacraments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "973", "sort_key": 971, "question": "{275} What do you mean by the remains of sin?", "answer": "By the remains of sin I mean the inclination to evil and the weakness of the will which are the result of our sins, and which remain after our sins have been forgiven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "974", "sort_key": 972, "question": "{276} How should we receive the Sacrament of Extreme Unction?", "answer": "We should receive the Sacrament of Extreme Unction in the state of grace, and with lively faith and resignation to the will of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "975", "sort_key": 973, "question": "{277} Who is the minister of the Sacrament of Extreme Unction?", "answer": "The priest is the minister of the Sacrament of Extreme Unction.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "976", "sort_key": 974, "question": "What is the final preparation we should make for the reception of the last Sacraments?", "answer": "The final preparation we should make for the reception of the last Sacraments consists in an earnest effort to be resigned to God's Holy Will, to excite ourselves to true sorrow for our sins, to profit by the graces given us, to keep worldly thoughts from the mind, and to dispose ourselves as best we can for the worthy reception of the Sacraments and the blessings of a good death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "977", "sort_key": 975, "question": "At what time should persons dangerously ill attend to the final arrangement of their temporal or worldly affairs?", "answer": "Persons dangerously ill should attend to the final arrangement of their temporal or worldly affairs at the very beginning of their illness, that these things may not distract them at the hour of death, and that they may give the last hours of their life entirely to the care of their soul.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "978", "sort_key": 976, "question": "{278} What is the Sacrament of Holy Orders?", "answer": "Holy Orders is a Sacrament by which bishops, priests, and other ministers of the Church are ordained and receive the power and grace to perform their sacred duties.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "979", "sort_key": 977, "question": "Besides bishops and priests, who are the other ministers of the Church?", "answer": "Besides bishops and priests, the other ministers of the Church are deacons and sub-deacons, who, while preparing for the priesthood, have received some of the Holy Orders, but who have not been ordained to the full powers of the priest.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "980", "sort_key": 978, "question": "Why is this Sacrament called Holy Orders?", "answer": "This Sacrament is called Holy Orders because it is conferred by seven different grades or steps following one another in fixed order by which the sacred powers of the priesthood are gradually given to the one admitted to that holy state.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "981", "sort_key": 979, "question": "What are the grades by which one ascends to the priesthood?", "answer": "The grades by which one ascends to the priesthood are (1) Tonsure, or the clipping of the hair by the bishop, by which the candidate for priesthood dedicates himself to the service of the altar; (2) The four minor orders, Porter, Reader, Exorcist, and Acolyte, by which he is permitted to perform certain duties that laymen should not perform; (3) Sub-deaconship, by which he takes upon himself the obligation of leading a life of perpetual chastity and of saying daily the divine office; (4) Deaconship, by which he receives power to preach, baptize, and give Holy Communion. The next step, priesthood, gives him power to offer the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass and forgive sins. These orders are not all given at once, but at times fixed by the laws of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "982", "sort_key": 980, "question": "Are not the different orders separate Sacraments?", "answer": "These different orders are not separate Sacraments. Taken all together, some are a preparation for the Sacrament and the rest are but the one Sacrament of Holy Orders; as the roots, trunk and branches form but one tree.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "983", "sort_key": 981, "question": "What name is given to sub-deaconship, deaconship and priesthood?", "answer": "Sub-deaconship, deaconship and priesthood are called major or greater orders, because those who receive them are bound for life to the service of the altar and they cannot return to the service of the world to live as ordinary laymen.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "984", "sort_key": 982, "question": "What double power does the Church possess and confer on her pastors?", "answer": "The Church possesses and confers on her pastor, the power of orders and the power of jurisdiction; that is, the power to administer the Sacraments and sanctify the faithful, and the power to teach and make laws that direct the faithful to their spiritual good. A bishop has the full power of orders and the Pope alone has the full power of jurisdiction.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "985", "sort_key": 983, "question": "How do the pastors of the Church rank according to authority?", "answer": "The pastors of the Church rank according to authority as follows: (1) Priests, who govern parishes or congregations in the name of their bishop; (2) Bishops, who rule over a number of parishes or a diocese; (3) Archbishops, who have authority over a number of dioceses or a province; (4) Primates, who have authority over the ecclesiastical or Church provinces of a nation; (5) Patriarchs, who have authority over a whole country; and last and highest, the Pope, who rules the Church throughout the world.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "986", "sort_key": 984, "question": "How do the prelates or higher officers of the Church rank in dignity?", "answer": "The prelates or higher officers of the Church rank in dignity as they rank in authority, except that in dignity Cardinals are next to the Pope, and Vicars Apostolic, Monsignori, and others having titles follow bishops. Papal delegates and those specially appointed by the Pope rank according to the powers he has given them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "987", "sort_key": 985, "question": "Who are Cardinals, what are their duties and how are they divided?", "answer": "Cardinals are the members of the Supreme Council or Senate of the Church. Their duties are to advise and aid the Pope in the government of the Church, and to elect a new Pope when the reigning Pope dies. They are divided into committees called sacred congregations, each having, its special work to perform. All these congregations taken together are called the Sacred College of Cardinals, of which the whole number is seventy.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "988", "sort_key": 986, "question": "Who is a Monsignor?", "answer": "A Monsignor is a worthy priest upon whom the Pope confers this title as a mark of esteem. It gives certain privileges and the right to wear purple like a bishop.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "989", "sort_key": 987, "question": "Who is a Vicar-General?", "answer": "A Vicar-General is one who is appointed by the bishop to aid him in the government of his diocese. He shares the bishop's power and in the bishop's absence he acts for the bishop and with his authority.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "990", "sort_key": 988, "question": "Who is an Abbot?", "answer": "An Abbot is one who exercises over a religious community of men authority similar in many things to that exercised by a bishop over his diocese. He has also certain privileges usually granted to bishops.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "991", "sort_key": 989, "question": "What is the pallium?", "answer": "The pallium is a white woolen vestment worn by the Pope and sent by him to patriarchs, primates and archbishops. It is the symbol of the fullness of pastoral power, and reminds the wearer of the Good Shepherd, whose example he must follow.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "992", "sort_key": 990, "question": "{279} What is necessary to receive Holy Orders worthily?", "answer": "To receive Holy Orders worthily it is necessary to be in the state of grace, to have the necessary knowledge and a divine call to this sacred office.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "993", "sort_key": 991, "question": "What name is given to this divine call and how can we discover this call?", "answer": "This divine call is named a vocation to the priestly or religious life. We can discover it in our constant inclination to such a life from the pure and holy motive of serving God better in it, together with our fitness for it, or, at least, our ability to prepare for it, also in our true piety and mastery over our sinful passions and unlawful desires.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "994", "sort_key": 992, "question": "How should we finally determine our vocation?", "answer": "We should finally determine our vocation: (1) By leading a holy life that we may be more worthy of it; (2) By praying to the Holy Ghost for light on the subject; (3) By seeking the advice of holy and prudent persons and above all of our confessor.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "995", "sort_key": 993, "question": "What should parents and guardians bear in mind with regard to their children's vocations?", "answer": "Parents and guardians should bear in mind with regard to their children's vocations: (1) That it is their duty to aid their children to discover their vocation; (2) That it is sinful for them to resist the Will of God by endeavoring to turn their children from their true vocation or to prevent them from following it by placing obstacles in their way, and, worst of all, to urge them to enter a state of life to which they have not been divinely called; (3) That in giving their advice they should be guided only by the future good and happiness of their children and not by any selfish or worldly motive which may lead to the loss of souls.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "996", "sort_key": 994, "question": "{280} How should Christians look upon the priests of the Church?", "answer": "Christians should look upon the priests of the Church as the messengers of God and the dispensers of His mysteries.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "997", "sort_key": 995, "question": "How do we know that the priests of the Church are the messengers of God?", "answer": "We know that the priests of the Church are the messengers of God, because Christ said to His apostles, and through them to their successors: \"As the Father hath sent Me, I also send you\"; that is to say, to preach the true religion, to administer the Sacraments, to offer Sacrifice, and to do all manner of good for the salvation of souls.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "998", "sort_key": 996, "question": "When did the priests of the Church receive this threefold power to preach, to forgive sins and to consecrate bread and wine?", "answer": "The priests of the Church received this three-fold power to preach, to forgive sins and to consecrate bread and wine, when Christ said to them, through the apostles: \"Go teach all nations\"; \"Whose sins you shall forgive they are forgiven,\" and \"Do this for a commemoration of Me.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "999", "sort_key": 997, "question": "Why should we show great respect to the priests and bishops of the Church?", "answer": "We should show great respect to the priests and bishops of the Church: (1) Because they are the representatives of Christ upon earth, and (2) Because they administer the Sacraments without which we cannot be saved. Therefore, we should be most careful in what we do, say or think concerning God's ministers. To show our respect in proportion to their dignity, we address the priest as Reverend, the bishop as Right Reverend, the archbishop as Most Reverend, and the Pope as Holy Father.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1000", "sort_key": 998, "question": "Should we do more than merely respect the ministers of God?", "answer": "We should do more than merely respect the ministers of God. We should earnestly and frequently pray for them, that they may be enabled to perform the difficult and important duties of their holy state in a manner pleasing to God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1001", "sort_key": 999, "question": "{281} Who can confer the Sacrament of Holy Orders?", "answer": "Bishops can confer the Sacrament of Holy Orders.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1002", "sort_key": 1000, "question": "How do we know that there is a true priesthood in the Church?", "answer": "We know that there is a true priesthood in the Church: (1) Because in the Jewish religion, which was only a figure of the Christian religion, there was a true priesthood established by God; (2) Because Christ conferred on His apostles and not on all the faithful the power to offer Sacrifice, distribute the Holy Eucharist and forgive sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1003", "sort_key": 1001, "question": "But is there need of a special Sacrament of Holy Orders to confer these powers?", "answer": "There is need of a special Sacrament of Holy Orders to confer these powers: (1) Because the priesthood which is to continue the work of the apostles must be visible in the Church, and it must therefore be conferred by some visible ceremony or outward sign; (2) because this outward sign called Holy Orders gives not only power but grace and was instituted by Christ, Holy Orders must be a Sacrament.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1004", "sort_key": 1002, "question": "Can bishops, priests and other ministers of the Church always exercise the power they have received in Holy Orders?", "answer": "Bishops, priests and other ministers of the Church cannot exercise the power they have received in Holy Orders unless authorized and sent to do so by their lawful superiors. The power can never be taken from them, but the right to use it may be withdrawn for causes laid down in the laws of the Church, or for reasons that seem good to those in authority over them. Any use of sacred power without authority is sinful, and all who take part in such ceremonies are guilty of sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH.: ON EXTREME UNCTION AND HOLY ORDERS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1005", "sort_key": 1003, "question": "{282} What is the Sacrament of Matrimony?", "answer": "The Sacrament of Matrimony is the Sacrament which unites a Christian man and woman in lawful marriage.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1006", "sort_key": 1004, "question": "When are persons lawfully married?", "answer": "Persons are lawfully married when they comply with all the laws of God and of the Church relating to marriage. To marry unlawfully is a mortal sin, and it deprives the souls of the grace of the Sacrament.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1007", "sort_key": 1005, "question": "When was marriage first instituted?", "answer": "Marriage was first instituted in the Garden of Eden, when God created Adam and Eve and made them husband and wife, but it was not then a Sacrament, for their union did not confer any special grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1008", "sort_key": 1006, "question": "When was the contract of marriage raised to the dignity of a Sacrament?", "answer": "The exact time at which the contract of marriages was raised to the dignity of a Sacrament is not known, but the fact that it was thus raised is certain from passages in the New Testament and from the constant teaching of the Church ever since the time of the apostles. Our Lord did not merely add grace to the contract, but He made the very contract a Sacrament, so that Christians cannot make this contract without receiving the Sacrament.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1009", "sort_key": 1007, "question": "What is the outward sign in the Sacrament of Matrimony, and in what does the whole essence of the marriage contract consist?", "answer": "The outward sign in the Sacrament of matrimony is the mutual consent of the persons, expressed by words or signs in accordance with the laws of the Church. The whole essence of the marriage contract consists in the surrender by the persons of their bodies to each other and in declaring by word or sign that they make this surrender and take each other for husband and wife now and for life.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1010", "sort_key": 1008, "question": "What are the chief ends of the Sacrament of Matrimony?", "answer": "The chief ends of the Sacrament of matrimony are: (1) To enable the husband and wife to aid each other in securing the salvation of their souls; (2) To propagate or keep up the existence of the human race by bringing children into the world to serve God; (3) To prevent sins against the holy virtue of purity by faithfully obeying the laws of the marriage state.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1011", "sort_key": 1009, "question": "{283} Can a Christian man and woman be united in lawful marriage in any other way than by the Sacrament of Matrimony?", "answer": "A Christian man and woman cannot be united in lawful marriage in any other way than by the Sacrament of Matrimony, because Christ raised marriage to the dignity of a sacrament.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1012", "sort_key": 1010, "question": "Were, then, all marriages before the coming of Christ unlawful and invalid?", "answer": "All marriages before the coming of Christ were not unlawful and invalid. They were both lawful and valid when the persons contracting them followed the dictates of their conscience and the laws of God as they knew them; but such marriages were only contracts. Through their evil inclinations many forgot or neglected the true character of marriage till Our Lord restored it to its former unity and purity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1013", "sort_key": 1011, "question": "What do we mean by impediments to marriage?", "answer": "By impediments to marriage we mean certain restrictions, imposed by the law of God or of the Church, that render the marriage invalid or unlawful when they are violated in entering into it. These restrictions regard age, health, relationship, intention, religion and other matters affecting the good of the Sacrament.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1014", "sort_key": 1012, "question": "Can the Church dispense from or remove these impediments to marriage?", "answer": "The Church can dispense from or remove the impediments to marriage that arise from its own laws; but it cannot dispense from impediments that arise from the laws of God and nature. Every lawmaker can change or excuse from the laws made by himself or his equals, but he cannot, of his own authority, change or excuse from laws made by a higher power.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1015", "sort_key": 1013, "question": "What is required that the Church may grant, when it is able, dispensations from the impediments to marriage or from other laws?", "answer": "That the Church may grant dispensations from the impediments to marriage or from other laws, there must be a good and urgent reason for granting such dispensations. The Church does not grant dispensations without cause and merely to satisfy the wishes of those who ask for them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1016", "sort_key": 1014, "question": "Why does the Church sometimes require the persons to whom dispensations are granted to pay a tax or fee for the privilege?", "answer": "The Church sometimes requires the persons to whom dispensations are granted to pay a tax or fee for the privilege: (1) That persons on account of this tax be restrained from asking for dispensations and may comply with the general laws; (2) That the Church may not have to bear the expense of supporting an office for granting privileges to a few.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1017", "sort_key": 1015, "question": "What should persons who are about to get married do?", "answer": "Persons who are about to get married should give their pastor timely notice of their intention, make known to him privately whatever they suspect might be an impediment to the marriage, and make sure of all arrangements before inviting their friends.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1018", "sort_key": 1016, "question": "What timely notice of marriage should be given to the priest, and why?", "answer": "At least three weeks notice of marriage should be given to the priest, because, according to the laws of the Church, the names of the persons about to get married must be announced and their intended marriage published at the principal Mass in their parish for three successive Sundays.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1019", "sort_key": 1017, "question": "Why are the banns of matrimony published in the Church?", "answer": "The banns of matrimony are published in the Church that any person who might know of any impediment to the marriage may have an opportunity to declare it privately to the priest before the marriage takes place and thus prevent an invalid or unlawful marriage. Persons who know of such impediments and fail to declare them in due time are guilty of sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1020", "sort_key": 1018, "question": "What things in particular should persons arranging for their marriage make known to the priest?", "answer": "Persons arranging for their marriage should make known to the priest whether both are Christians and Catholics; whether either has been solemnly engaged to another person; whether they have ever made any vow to God with regard to chastity or the like; whether they are related and in what degree; whether either was ever married to any member of the other's family and whether either was ever godparent in baptism for the other.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1021", "sort_key": 1019, "question": "What else must they make known?", "answer": "They must also make known whether either was married before and what proof can be given of the death of the former husband or wife; whether they really intend to get married, and do so of their own will; whether they are of lawful age; whether they are sound in body or suffering from any deformity that might prevent their marriage, and lastly, whether they live in the parish in which they ask to be married, and if so, how long they have lived in it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1022", "sort_key": 1020, "question": "What is particularly necessary that persons may do their duty in the marriage state?", "answer": "That persons may do their duty in the marriage state, it is particularly necessary that they should be well instructed, before entering it, in the truths and duties of their religion for how will they teach their children these things if they are ignorant of them themselves?", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1023", "sort_key": 1021, "question": "{284} Can the bond of Christian marriage be dissolved by any human power?", "answer": "The bond of Christian marriage cannot be dissolved by any human power.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1024", "sort_key": 1022, "question": "Does not a divorce granted by courts of justice break the bond of marriage?", "answer": "Divorce granted by courts of justice or by any human power does not break the bond of marriage, and one who makes use of such a divorce to marry again while the former husband or wife lives commits a sacrilege and lives in the sin of adultery. A civil divorce may give a sufficient reason for the persons to live apart and it may determine their rights with regard to support, the control of the children and other temporal things, but it has no effect whatever upon the bond and spiritual nature of the Sacrament.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1025", "sort_key": 1023, "question": "Does not the Church sometimes allow husband and wife to separate and live apart?", "answer": "The Church sometimes, for very good reasons, does allow husband and wife to separate and live apart; but that is not dissolving the bond of marriage, or divorce as it is called, for though separated they are still husband and wife, and neither can marry again till the other dies.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1026", "sort_key": 1024, "question": "Has not the Church sometimes allowed Catholics once married to separate and marry again?", "answer": "The Church has never allowed Catholics once really married to separate and marry again, but it has sometimes declared persons apparently married free to marry again, because their first marriage was null; that is, no marriage on account of some impediment not discovered till after the ceremony.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1027", "sort_key": 1025, "question": "What evils follow divorce so commonly claimed by those outside the true Church and granted by civil authority?", "answer": "The evils that follow divorce so commonly claimed by those outside the true Church and granted by civil authority are very many; but chiefly (1) A disregard for the sacred character of the Sacrament and for the spiritual welfare of the children; (2) The loss of the true idea of home and family followed by bad morals and sinful living.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1028", "sort_key": 1026, "question": "{285} Which are the effects of the Sacrament of Matrimony?", "answer": "The effects of the Sacrament of Matrimony are 1st, To sanctify the love of husband and wife; 2nd, To give them grace to bear with each other's weaknesses; 3d, To enable them to bring up their children in the fear and love of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1029", "sort_key": 1027, "question": "What do we mean by bearing with each other's weaknesses?", "answer": "By bearing with each other's weaknesses we mean that the husband and wife must be patient with each other's faults, bad habits or dispositions, pardon them easily, and aid each other in overcoming them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1030", "sort_key": 1028, "question": "How are parents specially fitted to bring up their children in the fear and love of God?", "answer": "Parents are specially fitted to bring up their children in the fear and love of God (1) By the special grace they receive to advise and direct their children and to warn them against evil; (2) By the experience they have acquired in passing through life from childhood to the position of parents. Children should, therefore, conscientiously seek and accept the direction of good parents.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1031", "sort_key": 1029, "question": "{286} To receive the Sacrament of Matrimony worthily is it necessary to be in the state of grace?", "answer": "To receive the Sacrament of Matrimony worthily it is necessary to be in the state of grace, and it is necessary also to comply with the laws of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1032", "sort_key": 1030, "question": "With what laws of the Church are we bound to comply in receiving the Sacrament of Matrimony?", "answer": "In receiving the Sacrament of matrimony we are bound to comply with whatever laws of the Church concern Matrimony; such as laws forbidding solemn marriage in Lent and Advent; or marriage with relatives or with persons of a different religion, and in general all laws that refer to any impediment to marriage.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1033", "sort_key": 1031, "question": "In how many ways may persons be related?", "answer": "Persons may be related in four ways. When they are related by blood their relationship is called consanguinity; when they are related by marriage it is called affinity; when they are related by being god-parents in Baptism or Confirmation, it is called spiritual affinity; when they are related by adoption, it is called legal affinity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1034", "sort_key": 1032, "question": "{287} Who has the right to make laws concerning the Sacrament of marriage?", "answer": "The Church alone has the right to make laws concerning the Sacrament of marriage, though the state also has the right to make laws concerning the civil effects of the marriage contract.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1035", "sort_key": 1033, "question": "What do we mean by laws concerning the civil effects of the marriage contract?", "answer": "By laws concerning the civil effects of the marriage contract we mean laws with regard to the property or debts of the husband and wife, the inheritance of their children, or whatever pertains to their temporal affairs. All persons are bound to obey the laws of their country when these laws are not opposed to the laws of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1036", "sort_key": 1034, "question": "{288} Does the Church forbid the marriage of Catholics with persons who have a different religion or no religion at all?", "answer": "The Church does forbid the marriage of Catholics with persons who have a different religion or no religion at all.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1037", "sort_key": 1035, "question": "{289} Why does the Church forbid the marriage of Catholics with persons who have a different religion or no religion at all?", "answer": "The Church forbids the marriage of Catholics with persons who have a different religion, or no religion at all, because such marriages generally lead to indifference, loss of faith, and to the neglect of the religious education of the children.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1038", "sort_key": 1036, "question": "What are the marriages of Catholics with persons of a different religion called, and when does the Church permit them by dispensation?", "answer": "The marriages of Catholics with persons of a different religion are called mixed marriages. The Church permits them by dispensation only under certain conditions and for urgent reasons; chiefly to prevent a greater evil.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1039", "sort_key": 1037, "question": "What are the conditions upon which the Church will permit a Catholic to marry one who is not a Catholic?", "answer": "The conditions upon which the Church will permit a Catholic to marry one who is not a Catholic are: (1) That the Catholic be allowed the free exercise of his or her religion; (2) that the Catholic shall try by teaching and good example to lead the one who is not a Catholic to embrace the true faith; (3) that all the children born of the marriage shall be brought up in the Catholic religion. The marriage ceremony must not be repeated before a heretical minister. Without these promises, the Church will not consent to a mixed marriage, and if the Church does not consent the marriage is unlawful.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1040", "sort_key": 1038, "question": "What penalty does the Church impose on Catholics who marry before a Protestant minister?", "answer": "Catholics who marry before a Protestant minister incur excommunication; that is, a censure of the Church or spiritual penalty which prevents them from receiving the Sacrament of Penance till the priest who hears their confession gets special faculties or permission from the bishop; because by such a marriage they make profession of a false religion in acknowledging as a priest one who has neither sacred power nor authority.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1041", "sort_key": 1039, "question": "How does the Church show its displeasure at mixed marriages?", "answer": "The Church shows its displeasure at mixed marriages by the coldness with which it sanctions them, prohibiting all religious ceremony at them by forbidding the priest to use any sacred vestments, holy water or blessing of the ring at such marriages; by prohibiting them also from taking place in the Church or even in the sacristy. On the other hand, the Church shows its joy and approval at a true Catholic marriage by the Nuptial Mass and solemn ceremonies.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1042", "sort_key": 1040, "question": "Why should Catholics avoid mixed marriages?", "answer": "Catholics should avoid mixed marriages (1) Because they are displeasing to the Church and cannot bring with them the full measure of God's grace and blessing; (2) because the children should have the good example of both parents in the practice of their religion; (3) because such marriages give rise to frequent disputes on religious questions between husband and wife and between their relatives; (4) because the one not a Catholic, disregarding the sacred character of the Sacrament, may claim a divorce and marry again, leaving the Catholic married and abandoned.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1043", "sort_key": 1041, "question": "Does the Church seek to make converts by its laws concerning mixed marriages?", "answer": "The Church does not seek to make converts by its laws concerning mixed marriages, but seeks only to keep its children from losing their faith and becoming perverts by constant company with persons not Catholics. The Church does not wish persons to become Catholics merely for the sake of marrying Catholics. Such conversions are, as a rule, not sincere, do no good, but rather make such converts hypocrites and guilty of greater sins, especially sins of sacrilege.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1044", "sort_key": 1042, "question": "{290} Why do many marriages prove unhappy?", "answer": "Many marriages prove unhappy because they are entered into hastily and without worthy motives.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1045", "sort_key": 1043, "question": "When are marriages entered into hastily?", "answer": "Marriages are entered into hastily when persons do not sufficiently consider and investigate the character, habits and dispositions of the one they intend to marry. It is wise to look for lasting qualities and solid virtues in a life-long companion and not to be carried away with characteristics that please only for a time.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1046", "sort_key": 1044, "question": "When are motives for marriage worthy?", "answer": "Motives for marriage are worthy when persons enter it for the sake of doing God's will and fulfilling the end for which He instituted the Sacrament. Whatever is opposed to the true object of the Sacrament and the sanctification of the husband and wife must be an unworthy motive.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1047", "sort_key": 1045, "question": "{291} How should Christians prepare for a holy and happy marriage?", "answer": "Christians should prepare for a holy and happy marriage by receiving the Sacraments of Penance and Holy Eucharist; by begging God to grant them a pure intention and to direct their choice; and by seeking the advice of their parents and the blessing of their pastors.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1048", "sort_key": 1046, "question": "How may parents be guilty of great injustice to their children in case of marriage?", "answer": "Parents may be guilty of great injustice to their children in case of marriage by seeking the gratification of their own aims and desires, rather than the good of their children, and thus for selfish and unreasonable motives forcing their children to marry persons they dislike or preventing them from marrying the persons chosen by the dictates of their conscience, or compelling them to marry when they have no vocation for such a life or no true knowledge of its obligations.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1049", "sort_key": 1047, "question": "May persons receive the Sacrament of Matrimony more than once?", "answer": "Persons may receive the sacrament of Matrimony more than once, provided they are certain of the death of the former husband or wife and comply with the laws of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1050", "sort_key": 1048, "question": "Where and at what time of the day should Catholics be married?", "answer": "Catholics should be married before the altar in the Church. They should be married in the morning, and with a Nuptial Mass if possible.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1051", "sort_key": 1049, "question": "What must never be forgotten by those who attend a marriage ceremony in the Church?", "answer": "They who attend a marriage ceremony in the Church must never forget the presence of the Blessed Sacrament, and that all laughing, talking, or irreverence is forbidden then as at other times. Women must never enter into the presence of the Blessed Sacrament with uncovered heads, and their dress must be in keeping with the strict modesty that Our Lord's presence demands, no matter what worldly vanity or social manners may require.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SIXTH.: ON MATRIMONY.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1052", "sort_key": 1050, "question": "{292} What is a sacramental?", "answer": "A sacramental is anything set apart or blessed by the Church to excite good thoughts and to increase devotion, and through these movements of the heart to remit venial sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1053", "sort_key": 1051, "question": "How do the Sacramentals excite good thoughts and increase devotion?", "answer": "The Sacramentals excite good thoughts by recalling to our minds some special reason for doing good and avoiding evil; especially by reminding us of some holy person, event or thing through which blessings have come to us. They increase devotion by fixing our minds on particular virtues and by helping us to understand and desire them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1054", "sort_key": 1052, "question": "Do the Sacramentals of themselves remit venial sins?", "answer": "The Sacramentals of themselves do not remit venial sins, but they move us to truer devotion, to greater love for God and greater sorrow for our sins, and this devotion, love and sorrow bring us grace, and the grace remits venial sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1055", "sort_key": 1053, "question": "Why does the Church use Sacramentals?", "answer": "The Church uses Sacramentals to teach the faithful of every class the truths of religion, which they may learn as well by their sight as by their hearing; for God wishes us to learn His laws by every possible means, by every power of soul and body.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1056", "sort_key": 1054, "question": "Show by an example how Sacramentals aid the ignorant in learning the truths of faith.", "answer": "Sacramentals aid the ignorant in learning the truths of faith as children learn from pictures before they are able to read. Thus one who cannot read the account of Our Lord's passion may learn it from the Stations of the Cross, and one who kneels before a crucifix and looks on the bleeding head, pierced hands and wounded side, is better able to understand Christ's sufferings than one without a crucifix before him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1057", "sort_key": 1055, "question": "What are the Stations or Way of the Cross?", "answer": "The Stations or Way of the Cross is a devotion instituted by the Church to aid us in meditating on Christ's passion and death. Fourteen crosses or stations, each with a picture of some scene in the passion, are arranged at distances apart. By passing from one station to another and praying before each while we meditate upon the scene it represents, we make the Way of the Cross in memory of Christ's painful journey during His passion, and we gain the indulgence granted for this pious exercise.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1058", "sort_key": 1056, "question": "Are prayers and ceremonies of the Church also Sacramentals?", "answer": "Prayers and ceremonies of the Church are also Sacramentals because they excite good thoughts and increase devotion. Whatever the Church dedicates to a pious use or devotes to the worship of God may be called a Sacramental.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1059", "sort_key": 1057, "question": "On what ground does the Church make use of ceremonies?", "answer": "The Church makes use of ceremonies (1) After the example of the Old Law, in which God described and commanded ceremonies; (2) after the example of Our Lord, who rubbed clay on the eyes of the blind to whom He wished to restore sight, though He might have performed the miracle without any external act; (3) on the authority of the Church itself, to whom Christ gave power to do whatever was necessary for the instruction of all men; (4) to add solemnity to religious acts.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1060", "sort_key": 1058, "question": "How may persons sin in using Sacramentals?", "answer": "Persons may sin in using Sacramentals by using them in a way or for a purpose prohibited by the Church; also by believing that the use of Sacramentals will save us in spite of our sinful lives. We must remember that Sacramentals can aid us only through the blessing the Church gives them and through the good dispositions they excite in us. They have, therefore, no power in themselves, and to put too much confidence in their use leads to superstition.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1061", "sort_key": 1059, "question": "{293} What is the difference between the Sacraments and the sacramentals?", "answer": "The difference between the Sacraments and the sacramentals is: 1st. The Sacraments were instituted by Jesus Christ and the sacramentals were instituted by the Church; 2d. The Sacraments give grace of themselves when we place no obstacle in the way; the sacramentals excite in us pious dispositions, by means of which we may obtain grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1062", "sort_key": 1060, "question": "May the Church increase or diminish the number of Sacraments and Sacramentals?", "answer": "The Church can never increase nor diminish the number of Sacraments, for as Christ Himself instituted them, He alone has power to change their number; but the Church may increase or diminish the number of the Sacramentals as the devotion of its people or the circumstances of the time and place require, for since the Church instituted them they must depend entirely upon its laws.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1063", "sort_key": 1061, "question": "{294} Which is the chief sacramental used in the Church?", "answer": "The chief sacramental used in the Church is the sign of the cross.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1064", "sort_key": 1062, "question": "{295} How do we make the sign of the cross?", "answer": "We make the sign of the cross by putting the right hand to the forehead, then on the breast, and then to the left and right shoulders, saying, \"In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, Amen.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1065", "sort_key": 1063, "question": "What is a common fault with many in blessing themselves?", "answer": "A common fault with many in blessing themselves is to make a hurried motion with the hand which is in no way a sign of the cross. They perform this act of devotion without thought or intention, forgetting that the Church grants an indulgence to all who bless themselves properly while they have sorrow for their sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1066", "sort_key": 1064, "question": "{296} Why do we make the sign of the cross?", "answer": "We make the sign of the cross to show that we are Christians and to profess our belief in the chief mysteries of our religion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1067", "sort_key": 1065, "question": "{297} How is the sign of the cross a profession of faith in the chief mysteries of our religion?", "answer": "The sign of the cross is a profession of faith in the chief mysteries of our religion because it expresses the mysteries of the Unity and Trinity of God and of the Incarnation and death of our Lord.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1068", "sort_key": 1066, "question": "{298} How does the sign of the cross express the mystery of the Unity and Trinity of God?", "answer": "The words, \"In the name,\" express the Unity of God; the words that follow, \"of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost,\" express the mystery of the Trinity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1069", "sort_key": 1067, "question": "{299} How does the sign of the cross express the mystery of the Incarnation and death of our Lord?", "answer": "The sign of the cross expresses the mystery of the Incarnation by reminding us that the Son of God, having become man, suffered death on the cross.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1070", "sort_key": 1068, "question": "{300} What other sacramental is in very frequent use?", "answer": "Another sacramental in very frequent use is holy water.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1071", "sort_key": 1069, "question": "{301} What is holy water?", "answer": "Holy water is water blessed by the priest with solemn prayer to beg God's blessing on those who use it, and protection from the powers of darkness.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1072", "sort_key": 1070, "question": "How does the water blessed on Holy Saturday, or Easter Water, as it is called, differ from the holy water blessed at other times?", "answer": "The water blessed on Holy Saturday, or Easter Water, as it is called, differs from the holy water blessed at other times in this, that the Easter water is blessed with greater solemnity, the paschal candle, which represents Our Lord risen from the dead, having been dipped into it with a special prayer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1073", "sort_key": 1071, "question": "Is water ever blessed in honor of certain saints?", "answer": "Water is sometimes blessed in honor of certain saints and for special purposes. The form of prayer to be used in such blessings is found in the Roman Ritual--the book containing prayers and ceremonies for the administration of the Sacraments and of blessings authorized by the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1074", "sort_key": 1072, "question": "{302} Are there other sacramentals besides the sign of the cross and holy water?", "answer": "Beside the sign of the cross and holy water there are many other sacramentals, such as blessed candles, ashes, palms, crucifixes, images of the Blessed Virgin and of the saints, rosaries, and scapulars.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1075", "sort_key": 1073, "question": "When are candles blessed in the Church and why are they used?", "answer": "Candles are blessed in the Church on the feast of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin--February 2nd. They are used chiefly to illuminate and ornament our altars, as a mark of reverence for the presence of Our Lord and of joy at His coming.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1076", "sort_key": 1074, "question": "What praiseworthy custom is now in use in many places?", "answer": "A praiseworthy custom now in use in many places is the offering by the faithful on the feast of the Purification of candles for the use of the altar during the year. It is pleasing to think we have candles burning in our name on the altar of God, and if the Jewish people yearly made offerings to their temple, faithful Christians should not neglect their altars and churches where God Himself dwells.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1077", "sort_key": 1075, "question": "When are ashes blessed in the Church and why are they used?", "answer": "Ashes are blessed in the Church on Ash Wednesday. They are used to keep us in mind of our humble origin, and of how the body of Adam, our forefather, was formed out of the slime or clay of the earth; also to remind us of death, when our bodies will return to dust, and of the necessity of doing penance for our sins. These ashes are obtained by burning the blessed palms of the previous year.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1078", "sort_key": 1076, "question": "When are palms blessed and of what do they remind us?", "answer": "Palms are blessed on Palm Sunday. They remind us of Our Lord's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, when the people, wishing to honor Him and make Him king, strewed palm branches and even their own garments in His path, singing: Hosanna to the Son of David.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1079", "sort_key": 1077, "question": "What is the difference between a cross and a crucifix?", "answer": "A cross has no figure on it and a crucifix has a figure of Our Lord. The word crucifix means fixed or nailed to the cross.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1080", "sort_key": 1078, "question": "What is the Rosary?", "answer": "The Rosary is a form of prayer in which we say a certain number of Our Fathers and Hail Marys, meditating or thinking for a short time before each decade; that is, before each Our Father and ten Hail Marys, on some particular event in the life of Our Lord. These events are called mysteries of the Rosary. The string of beads on which these prayers are said is also called a Rosary. The ordinary beads are of five decades, or one-third of the whole Rosary.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1081", "sort_key": 1079, "question": "Who taught the use of the Rosary in its present form?", "answer": "St. Dominic taught the use of the Rosary in its present form. By it he instructed his hearers in the chief truths of our holy religion and converted many to the true faith.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1082", "sort_key": 1080, "question": "How do we say the Rosary, or beads?", "answer": "To say the Rosary or beads we bless ourselves with the cross, then say the Apostles' Creed and the Our Father on the first large bead, then the Hail Mary on each of the three small beads, and then Glory be to the Father, &c. Then we mention or think of the first mystery we wish to honor, and say an Our Father on the large bead and a Hail Mary on each small bead of the ten that follow. At the end of every decade, or ten Hail Marys, we say \"Glory be to the Father;\" &c. Then we mention the next mystery and do as before, and so on to the end.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1083", "sort_key": 1081, "question": "How many mysteries of the Rosary are there?", "answer": "There are fifteen mysteries of the Rosary arranged in the order in which these events occurred in the life of Our Lord, and divided into five joyful, five sorrowful, and five glorious mysteries.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1084", "sort_key": 1082, "question": "Say the five joyful mysteries of the Rosary.", "answer": "The five joyful mysteries of the Rosary are: (1) The Annunciation--the Angel Gabriel telling the Blessed Virgin that she is to be the Mother of God; (2) the Visitation--the Blessed Virgin goes to visit her cousin, St. Elizabeth, the mother of St. John the Baptist; (3) the Nativity, or birth, of Our Lord; (4) the Presentation of the Child Jesus in the temple--His parents offered Him to God; (5) the finding of the Child Jesus in the temple--His parents had lost Him in Jerusalem for three days.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1085", "sort_key": 1083, "question": "Say the five sorrowful mysteries of the Rosary.", "answer": "The five sorrowful mysteries of the Rosary are: (1) The Agony in the Garden--Our Lord was in dreadful anguish and bathed in a bloody sweat; (2) the Scourging at the Pillar--Christ was stripped of His garments and lashed in a cruel manner; (3) the Crowning with Thorns--He was mocked as a king by heartless men; (4) the Carriage of the Cross--from the place He was condemned to Calvary, the place of Crucifixion; (5) the Crucifixion--He was nailed to the cross amid the jeers and blasphemies of His enemies.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1086", "sort_key": 1084, "question": "Say the five glorious mysteries of the Rosary.", "answer": "The five glorious mysteries of the Rosary are: (1) The Resurrection of Our Lord; (2) the Ascension of Our Lord; (3) The Coming of the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles; (4) the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin--after death she was taken body and soul into heaven; (5) the Coronation of the Blessed Virgin--on entering heaven she was made queen of all the Angels and Saints and placed in dignity next to her Divine Son, Our Blessed Lord.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1087", "sort_key": 1085, "question": "On what days, according to the pious custom of the faithful, are the different mysteries of the Rosary usually said?", "answer": "According to the pious custom of the faithful, the different mysteries of the Rosary are usually said on the following days, namely: the joyful on Mondays and Thursdays, the sorrowful on Tuesdays and Fridays, and the glorious on Sundays, Wednesdays and Saturdays.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1088", "sort_key": 1086, "question": "What do the letters I.N.R.I. over the crucifix mean?", "answer": "The letters I.N.R.I. over the crucifix are the first letters of four Latin words that mean Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews. Our Lord did say He was king of the Jews, but He also said that He was not their temporal or earthly king, but their spiritual and heavenly king.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1089", "sort_key": 1087, "question": "To what may we attribute the desire of the Jews to put Christ to death?", "answer": "We may attribute the desire of the Jews to put Christ to death to the jealously, hatred and ill-will of their priests and the Pharisees, whose faults He rebuked and whose hypocrisy He exposed. By their slanders and lies they induced the people to follow them in demanding Our Lord's crucifixion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1090", "sort_key": 1088, "question": "With whom did the Blessed Virgin live after the death of Our Lord?", "answer": "After the death of Our Lord the Blessed Virgin lived for about eleven years with the Apostle St. John the Evangelist, called also the Beloved Disciple. He wrote one of the four Gospels, three Epistles, and the Apocalypse, or Book of Revelations--the last book of the Bible. He lived to the age of a hundred years or more and died last of all the apostles.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1091", "sort_key": 1089, "question": "What do we mean by the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, and why do we believe in it?", "answer": "By the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin we mean that her body was taken up into heaven after her death. We believe in it: (1) Because the Church cannot teach error, and yet from an early age the Church has celebrated the Feast of the Assumption; (2) because no one ever claimed to have a relic of our Blessed Mother's body, and surely the apostles, who knew and loved her, would have secured some relic had her body remained upon earth.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1092", "sort_key": 1090, "question": "What do the letters I.H.S. on an altar or sacred things mean?", "answer": "The letters I.H.S. on an altar or sacred things mean the name Jesus; for it is in that way the Holy Name is written in the Greek language when some of the letters are left out.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1093", "sort_key": 1091, "question": "What is the scapular, and why is it worn?", "answer": "The scapular is a long, broad piece of woolen cloth forming a part of the religious dress of monks, priests and sisters of some religious orders. It is worn over the shoulders and extends from the shoulders to the feet. The small scapular made in imitation of it, and consisting of two small pieces of cloth fastened together by strings, is worn by the faithful as a promise or proof of their willingness to practice some particular devotion, indicated by the kind of scapular they wear.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1094", "sort_key": 1092, "question": "How many kinds of scapulars are there in use among the faithful?", "answer": "Among the faithful there are many kinds of scapulars in use, such as the brown scapular or scapular of Mount Carmel worn in honor of Our Lord's passion; the white, in honor of the Holy Trinity; the blue, in honor of the Immaculate Conception; and the black, in honor of the seven dolors of the Blessed Virgin. When these are joined together and worn as one they are called the five scapulars. The brown scapular is best known and entitles its wearer to the greatest privileges and indulgences.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1095", "sort_key": 1093, "question": "What are the seven dolors of the Blessed Virgin?", "answer": "The seven dolors of the Blessed Virgin are the chief sorrowful events in the life of Our Blessed Lady. They are (1) The Circumcision of Our Lord--when she saw His blood shed for the first time; (2) her flight into Egypt--to save the life of the Infant Jesus, when Herod sought to kill Him; (3) the three days she lost her Son in Jerusalem; (4) when she saw Him carrying the cross; (5) when she saw Him die; (6) when His dead body was taken down from the cross; (7) when it was laid in the sepulchre or tomb.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1096", "sort_key": 1094, "question": "What are the seven dolor beads, and how do we say them?", "answer": "Seven dolor beads are beads constructed with seven medals, each bearing a representation of one of the seven dolors, and seven beads between each medal and the next. At each medal we meditate on the proper dolor and the say a Hail Mary on each of the bead following it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1097", "sort_key": 1095, "question": "What is an Agnus Dei?", "answer": "An Agnus Dei is a small piece of beeswax stamped with the image of a lamb and cross. It is solemnly blessed by the Pope with special prayers for those who carry it about their person in honor of Our Blessed Redeemer, whom we call the Lamb of God, Who taketh away the sins of the world. The wax is usually covered with silk or some fine material.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH.: ON THE SACRAMENTALS.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1098", "sort_key": 1096, "question": "{303} Is there any other means of obtaining God's grace than the Sacraments?", "answer": "There is another means of obtaining God's grace, and it is prayer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1099", "sort_key": 1097, "question": "{304} What is prayer?", "answer": "Prayer is the lifting up of our minds and hearts to God, to adore Him, to thank Him for His benefits, to ask His forgiveness, and to beg of Him all the graces we need whether for soul or body.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1100", "sort_key": 1098, "question": "How many kinds of prayer are there?", "answer": "There are two kinds of prayer: (1) Mental prayer, called meditation, in which we spend the time thinking of God or of one or more of the truths He has revealed, that by these thoughts we may be persuaded to lead holier lives; (2) vocal prayer, in which we express these pious thoughts in words.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1101", "sort_key": 1099, "question": "Why is mental prayer most useful to us?", "answer": "Mental prayer is most useful to us because it compels us, while we are engaged in it, to keep our attention fixed on God and His holy laws and to keep our hearts and minds lifted up to Him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1102", "sort_key": 1100, "question": "How can we make a meditation?", "answer": "We can make a meditation (1) By remembering that we are in the presence of God; (2) by asking the Holy Ghost to give us grace to benefit by the meditation; (3) by reflecting seriously on some sacred truth regarding our salvation; (4) by drawing some good resolution from the thoughts we have had; and (5) by thanking God for the knowledge and grace bestowed on us through the meditation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1103", "sort_key": 1101, "question": "Where may we find subjects or points for meditation?", "answer": "We may find the subjects or points for meditation in the words of the Our Father, Hail Mary or Apostles' Creed; also in the questions and answers of our Catechism, in the Holy Bible, and in books of meditation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1104", "sort_key": 1102, "question": "{305} Is prayer necessary to salvation?", "answer": "Prayer is necessary to salvation, and without it no one having the use of reason can be saved.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1105", "sort_key": 1103, "question": "{306} At what particular times should we pray?", "answer": "We should pray particularly on Sundays and holy days, every morning and night, in all dangers, temptations, and afflictions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1106", "sort_key": 1104, "question": "{307} How should we pray?", "answer": "We should pray: 1st. With attention; 2d. With a sense of our own helplessness and dependence upon God; 3d. With a great desire for the graces we beg of God; 4th. With trust in God's goodness; 5th. With perseverance.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1107", "sort_key": 1105, "question": "What should our attention at prayer be?", "answer": "Our attention at prayer should be threefold, namely, attention to the words, that we may say them correctly and distinctly; attention to their meaning, if we understand it, and attention to God, to whom the words are addressed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1108", "sort_key": 1106, "question": "What should be the position of the body when we pray?", "answer": "At prayer the most becoming position of the body is kneeling upright, but whether we pray kneeling, standing or sitting, the position of the body should always be one indicating reverence, respect and devotion. We may pray even lying down or walking, for Our Lord Himself says we should pray at all times.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1109", "sort_key": 1107, "question": "What should we do that we may pray well?", "answer": "That we may pray well we should make a preparation before prayer: (1) By calling to mind the dignity of God, to whom we are about to speak, and our own unworthiness to appear in His presence; (2) by fixing upon the precise grace or blessing for which we intend to ask; (3) by remembering God's power and willingness to give if we truly need and earnestly, humbly and confidently ask.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1110", "sort_key": 1108, "question": "Why does God not always grant our prayers?", "answer": "God does not always grant our prayers for these and other reasons: (1) Because we may not pray in the proper manner; (2) that we may learn our dependence on Him, prove our confidence in Him, and merit rewards by our patience and perseverance in prayer. Prudent persons do not grant every request; why, then, should God do so?", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1111", "sort_key": 1109, "question": "What assurance have we that God always hears and rewards our prayers, though He may not grant what we ask?", "answer": "We have the assurance of Our Lord Himself that God always hears and rewards our prayers, though He may not grant what we ask; for Christ said: \"Ask and it shall be given you,\" and \"if you ask the Father anything in My name, He will give it to you.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1112", "sort_key": 1110, "question": "{308} Which are the prayers most recommended to us?", "answer": "The prayers most recommended to us are the Lord's Prayer, the Hail Mary, the Apostles' Creed, the Confiteor, and the Acts of Faith, Hope, Love, and Contrition.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1113", "sort_key": 1111, "question": "{309} Are prayers said with distractions of any avail?", "answer": "Prayers said with wilful distraction are of no avail.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1114", "sort_key": 1112, "question": "Why are prayers said with wilful distraction of no avail?", "answer": "Prayers said with wilful distraction are of no avail because they are mere words, such as a machine might utter, and since there is no lifting up of the mind or heart with them they cannot be prayer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1115", "sort_key": 1113, "question": "Do, then, the distractions which we often have at prayer deprive our prayers of all merit?", "answer": "The distractions which we often have at prayer do not deprive our prayers of all merit, because they are not wilful when we try to keep them away, for God rewards our good intentions and the efforts we make to pray well.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1116", "sort_key": 1114, "question": "What, then, is a distraction?", "answer": "A distraction is any thought that, during prayer, enters our mind to turn our thoughts and hearts from God and from the sacred duty we are performing.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1117", "sort_key": 1115, "question": "What are the fruits of prayer?", "answer": "The fruits of prayer are: It strengthens our faith, nourishes our hope, increases our love for God, keeps us humble, merits grace and atones for sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1118", "sort_key": 1116, "question": "Why should we pray when God knows our needs?", "answer": "We pray not to remind God or tell Him of what we need, but to acknowledge that He is the Supreme Giver, to adore and worship Him by showing our entire dependence upon Him for every gift to soul or body.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1119", "sort_key": 1117, "question": "What little prayers may we say even at work?", "answer": "Even at work we may say little aspirations such as \"My God, pardon my sins; Blessed be the Holy Name of Jesus; Holy Spirit, enlighten me; Holy Mary, pray for me,\" &c.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1120", "sort_key": 1118, "question": "Did Our Lord Himself pray, and why?", "answer": "Our Lord Himself very frequently prayed, often spending the whole night in prayer. He prayed before every important action, not that He needed to pray, but to set us an example of how and when we should pray.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1121", "sort_key": 1119, "question": "Why does the Church conclude most of its prayers with the words \"through Jesus Christ Our Lord\"?", "answer": "The Church concludes most of its prayers with the words \"through Jesus Christ Our Lord\" because it is only through His merits that we can obtain grace, and because \"there is no other name given to men whereby we must be saved.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1122", "sort_key": 1120, "question": "Was any special promise made in favor of the united prayers of two or more persons?", "answer": "A special promise was made in favor of the united prayers of two or more persons when Our Lord said: \"Where there are two or three gathered together in My name, there am I in the midst of them.\" Therefore, the united prayers of a congregation, sodality or family, and, above all, the public prayers of the whole Church, have great influence with God. We should join in public prayers out of true devotion, and not from habit, or, worse, to display our piety.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1123", "sort_key": 1121, "question": "What is the most suitable place for prayer?", "answer": "The most suitable place for prayer is in the Church--the house of prayer--made holy by special blessings and, above all, by the Real Presence of Jesus dwelling in the Tabernacle. Still, Our Lord exhorts us to pray also in secret, for His Father, who seeth in secret, will repay us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1124", "sort_key": 1122, "question": "For what should we pray?", "answer": "We should pray (1) For ourselves, for the blessings of soul and body that we may be devoted servants of God; (2) for the Church, for all spiritual and temporal wants, that the true faith may be everywhere known and professed; (3) for our relatives, friends and benefactors, particularly for those we may in any way have injured; (4) for all men, for the protection of the good and conversion of the wicked, that virtue may flourish and vice disappear; (5) for our spiritual rulers, the Pope, our bishops, priests and religious communities, that they may faithfully perform their sacred duties; (6) for our country and temporal rulers, that they may use their power for the good of their subjects and for the honor and glory of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-EIGHTH.: ON PRAYER.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1125", "sort_key": 1123, "question": "{310} Is it enough to belong to God's Church in order to be saved?", "answer": "It is not enough to belong to the Church in order to be saved, but we must also keep the Commandments of God and of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1126", "sort_key": 1124, "question": "Are not the commandments of the Church also commandments of God?", "answer": "The commandments of the Church are also commandments of God, for they are made by His authority and under the guidance of the Holy Ghost; nevertheless, the Church can change or abolish its own commandments, while it cannot change or abolish the commandments given directly by God Himself.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1127", "sort_key": 1125, "question": "{311} Which are the Commandments that contain the whole law of God?", "answer": "The Commandments which contain the whole law of God are these two: 1st. Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with thy whole heart, with thy whole soul, with thy whole strength, and with thy whole mind; 2. Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1128", "sort_key": 1126, "question": "{312} Why do these two Commandments of the love of God and of our neighbor contain the whole law of God?", "answer": "These two Commandments of the love of God and of our neighbor contain the whole law of God because all the other Commandments are given either to help us to keep these two, or to direct us how to shun what is opposed to them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1129", "sort_key": 1127, "question": "Explain further how the two commandments of the love of God and of our neighbor contain the teaching of the whole ten commandments.", "answer": "The two commandments of the love of God and of our neighbor contain the teaching of the whole ten commandments because the first three of the ten commandments refer to God and oblige us to worship Him alone, respect His name and serve Him as He wills, and these things we will do if we love Him; secondly, the last seven of the ten commandments refer to our neighbor and forbid us to injure him in body, soul, goods or reputation, and if we love him we will do him no injury in any of these, but, on the contrary, aid him as far as we can.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1130", "sort_key": 1128, "question": "{313} Which are the Commandments of God?", "answer": "The Commandments of God are these ten:", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1131", "sort_key": 1129, "question": "What does the first commandment mean by a \"graven thing\" or \"the likeness of anything\" in heaven, in the earth or in the waters?", "answer": "The first commandment means by a \"graven thing\" or \"the likeness of anything\" in heaven, in the earth or in the waters, the statue, picture or image of any creature in heaven or of any animal on land or in water intended for an idol and to be worshipped as a god.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1132", "sort_key": 1130, "question": "{314} Who gave the Ten Commandments?", "answer": "God Himself gave the Ten Commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai, and Christ our Lord confirmed them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1133", "sort_key": 1131, "question": "How and when were the Commandments given to Moses?", "answer": "The Commandments, written on two tables of stone, were given to Moses in the midst of fire and smoke, thunder and lightning, from which God spoke to him on the mountain, about fifty days after the Israelites were delivered from the bondage of Egypt and while they were on their journey through the desert to the Promised Land.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1134", "sort_key": 1132, "question": "What do we mean when we say Christ confirmed the Commandments?", "answer": "When we say Christ confirmed the Commandments we mean that He strongly approved them, and gave us by His teaching a fuller and clearer knowledge of their meaning and importance.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1135", "sort_key": 1133, "question": "Was anyone obliged to keep the Commandments before they were given to Moses?", "answer": "All persons, from the beginning of the world, were obliged to keep the Commandments, for it was always sinful to blaspheme God, murder, steal or violate any of the Commandments, though they were not written till the time of Moses.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1136", "sort_key": 1134, "question": "How many kinds of laws had the Jews before the coming of Our Lord?", "answer": "Before the coming of Our Lord the Jews had three kinds of laws: (1) Civil laws, regulating the affairs of their nation; (2) ceremonial laws, governing their worship in the temple; (3) moral laws, guiding their religious belief and actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1137", "sort_key": 1135, "question": "To which of these laws did the Ten Commandments belong?", "answer": "The Ten Commandments belong to the moral law, because they are a compendium or short account of what we must do in order to save our souls; just as the Apostles' Creed is a compendium of what we must believe.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1138", "sort_key": 1136, "question": "When did the civil and ceremonial laws of the Jews cease to exist?", "answer": "The civil laws of the Jews ceased to exist when the Jewish people, shortly before the coming of Christ, ceased to be an independent nation. The ceremonial laws ceased to exist when the Jewish religion ceased to be the true religion; that is, when Christ established the Christian religion, of which the Jewish religion was only a figure or promise.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1139", "sort_key": 1137, "question": "Why were not also the moral laws of the Jews abolished when the Christian religion was established?", "answer": "The moral laws of the Jews could not be abolished by the establishment of the Christian religion because they regard truth and virtue and have been revealed by God, and whatever God has revealed as true must be always true, and whatever He has condemned as bad in itself must be always bad.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1140", "sort_key": 1138, "question": "{315} What is the first Commandment?", "answer": "The first Commandment is: I am the Lord thy God: thou shalt not have strange gods before me.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1141", "sort_key": 1139, "question": "What does the commandment mean by \"strange gods\"?", "answer": "By strange gods the commandment means idols or false gods, which the Israelites frequently worshipped when, through their sins, they had abandoned the true God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1142", "sort_key": 1140, "question": "How may we, in a sense, worship strange gods?", "answer": "We, in a sense, may worship strange gods by giving up the salvation of our souls for wealth, honors, society, worldly pleasures, &c., so that we would offend God, renounce our faith or give up the practice of our religion for their sake.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1143", "sort_key": 1141, "question": "{316} How does the first Commandment help us to keep the great Commandment of the love of God?", "answer": "The first Commandment helps us to keep the great Commandment of the love of God because it commands us to adore God alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1144", "sort_key": 1142, "question": "{317} How do we adore God?", "answer": "We adore God by faith, hope, and charity, by prayer and sacrifice.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1145", "sort_key": 1143, "question": "By what prayers do we adore God?", "answer": "We adore God by all our prayers, but in particular by the public prayers of the Church, and, above all, by the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1146", "sort_key": 1144, "question": "{318} How may the first Commandment be broken?", "answer": "The first Commandment make be broken by giving to a creature the honor which belongs to God alone; by false worship; and by attributing to a creature a perfection which belongs to God alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1147", "sort_key": 1145, "question": "What is the honor which belongs to God alone?", "answer": "The honor which belongs to God alone is a divine honor, in which we offer Him sacrifice, incense or prayer, solely for His own sake and for His own glory. To give such honor to any creature, however holy, would be idolatry.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1148", "sort_key": 1146, "question": "How do we offer God false worship?", "answer": "We offer God false worship by rejecting the religion He has instituted and following one pleasing to ourselves, with a form of worship He has never authorized, approved or sanctioned.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1149", "sort_key": 1147, "question": "Why must we serve God in the form of religion He has instituted and in no other?", "answer": "We must serve God in the form of religion He has instituted and in no other, because heaven is not a right, but a promised reward, a free gift of God, which we must merit in the manner He directs and pleases.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1150", "sort_key": 1148, "question": "When do we attribute to a creature a perfection which belongs to God alone?", "answer": "We attribute to a creature a perfection which belongs to God alone when we believe it possesses knowledge or power independently of God, so that it may, without His aid, make known the future or perform miracles.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1151", "sort_key": 1149, "question": "{319} Do those who make use of spells and charms, or who believe in dreams, in mediums, spiritists, fortune-tellers, and the like, sin against the first Commandment?", "answer": "Those who make use of spells and charms, or who believe in dreams, in mediums, spiritists, fortune-tellers, and the like, sin against the first Commandment, because they attribute to creatures perfections which belong to God alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1152", "sort_key": 1150, "question": "What are spells and charms?", "answer": "Spells and charms are certain words, by the saying of which superstitious persons believe they can avert evil, bring good fortune or produce some supernatural or wonderful effect. They may be also objects or articles worn about the body for the same purpose.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1153", "sort_key": 1151, "question": "Are not Agnus Deis, medals, scapulars, &c., which we wear about our bodies also charms?", "answer": "Agnus Deis, medals, scapulars, &c., which we wear about our bodies, are not charms, for we do not expect any help from these things themselves, but, through the blessing they have received from the Church, we expect help from God, the Blessed Mother, or the Saint in whose honor we wear them. On the contrary, they who wear charms expect help from the charms themselves, or from some evil spirit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1154", "sort_key": 1152, "question": "What must we carefully guard against in all our devotions and religious practices?", "answer": "In all our devotions and religious practices we must carefully guard against expecting God to perform miracles when natural causes may bring about what we hope for. God will sometimes miraculously help us, but, as a rule, only when all natural means have failed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1155", "sort_key": 1153, "question": "What are dreams and why is it forbidden to believe in them?", "answer": "Dreams are the thoughts we have in sleep, when our will is unable to guide them. It is forbidden to believe in them, because they are often ridiculous, unreasonable, or wicked, and are not governed by either reason or faith.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1156", "sort_key": 1154, "question": "Are bad dreams sinful in themselves?", "answer": "Bad dreams are not sinful in themselves, because we cannot prevent them, but we may make them sinful (1) By taking pleasure in them when we awake, and (2) by bad reading or immodest books, thoughts, word or actions before going to sleep; for by any of these things we may make ourselves responsible for the bad dreams.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1157", "sort_key": 1155, "question": "Did not God frequently in the Old Law make use of dreams as a means of making known His will?", "answer": "God did frequently in the Old Law make use of dreams as a means of making known His Will; but on such occasions He always gave proof that what He made known was not a mere dream, but rather a revelation or inspiration. He no longer makes use of such means, for He now makes known His will through the inspiration of His Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1158", "sort_key": 1156, "question": "What are mediums and spiritists?", "answer": "Mediums and spiritists are persons who pretend to converse with the dead or with spirits of the other world. They pretend also to give this power to others, that they may know what is going on in heaven, purgatory or hell.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1159", "sort_key": 1157, "question": "What other practice is very dangerous to faith and morals?", "answer": "Another practice very dangerous to faith and morals is the use of mesmerism or hypnotism, because it is liable to sinful abuses, for it deprives a person for a time of the control of his reason and will and places his body and mind entirely in the power of another.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1160", "sort_key": 1158, "question": "What are fortune tellers?", "answer": "Fortune tellers are imposters who, learning the past, or guessing at it, pretend to know also the future and to be able to reveal it to anyone who pays for the knowledge. They pretend also to know whatever concerns things lost or stolen, and the secret thoughts, actions or intentions of others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1161", "sort_key": 1159, "question": "How do we, by believing in spells, charms, mediums, spiritists and fortune tellers, attribute to creatures the perfections of God?", "answer": "By believing in spells, charms, mediums, spiritists and fortune tellers we attribute to creatures the perfections of God because we expect these creatures to perform miracles, reveal the hidden judgments of God, and make known His designs for the future with regard to His creatures, things that only God Himself may do.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1162", "sort_key": 1160, "question": "Is it sinful to consult mediums, spiritists, fortune tellers and the like when we do not believe in them, but through mere curiosity to hear what they may say?", "answer": "It is sinful to consult mediums, spiritists, fortune tellers and the like even when we do not believe in them, but through mere curiosity, to hear what they may say, (1) Because it is wrong to expose ourselves to the danger of sinning even though we do not sin; (2) because we may give scandal to others who are not certain that we go through mere curiosity; (3) because by our pretended belief we encourage these impostors to continue their wicked practices.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1163", "sort_key": 1161, "question": "{320} Are sins against faith, hope, and charity also sins against the first Commandment?", "answer": "Sins against faith, hope and charity are also sins against the first Commandment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1164", "sort_key": 1162, "question": "{321} How does a person sin against faith?", "answer": "A person sins against faith: 1st, By not trying to know what God has taught; 2d, by refusing to believe all that God has taught; 3d, by neglecting to profess his belief in what God has taught.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1165", "sort_key": 1163, "question": "{322} How do we fail to try to know what God has taught?", "answer": "We fail to try to know what God has taught by neglecting to learn the Christian doctrine.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1166", "sort_key": 1164, "question": "What means have we of learning the Christian doctrine?", "answer": "We have many means of learning the Christian doctrine: In youth we have Catechism and special instructions suited to our age; later we have sermons, missions, retreats, religious sodalities and societies through which we may learn. At all times, we have books of instruction, and, above all, the priests of the Church, ever ready to teach us. God will not excuse our ignorance if we neglect to learn our religion when He has given us the means.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1167", "sort_key": 1165, "question": "Should we learn the Christian doctrine merely for our own sake?", "answer": "We should learn the Christian doctrine not merely for our own sake, but for the sake also of others who may sincerely wish to learn from us the truths of our holy faith.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1168", "sort_key": 1166, "question": "How should such instruction be given to those who ask it of us?", "answer": "Such instruction should be given to those who ask it of us in a kind and Christian spirit, without dispute or bitterness. We should never attempt to explain the truths of our religion unless we are certain of what we say. When we are unable to answer what is asked we should send those who inquire to the priest or to others better instructed than ourselves.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1169", "sort_key": 1167, "question": "{323} Who are they who do not believe all that God has taught?", "answer": "They who do not believe all that God has taught are the heretics and infidels.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1170", "sort_key": 1168, "question": "Name the different classes of unbelievers and tell what they are.", "answer": "The different classes of unbelievers are (1) Atheists, who deny there is a God; (2) Deists, who admit there is a God, but deny that He revealed a religion; (3) Agnostics, who will neither admit nor deny the existence of God; (4) Infidels, who have never been baptized, and who, through want of faith, refuse to be baptized; (5) Heretics, who have been baptized Christians, but do not believe all the articles of faith; (6) Schismatics, who have been baptized and believe all the articles of faith, but do not submit to the authority of the Pope; (7) Apostates, who have rejected the true religion, in which they formerly believed, to join a false religion; (8) Rationalists and Materialists, who believe only in material things.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1171", "sort_key": 1169, "question": "Will the denial of only one article of faith make a person a heretic?", "answer": "The denial of only one article of faith will make a person a heretic and guilty of mortal sin, because the Holy Scripture says: \"Whosoever shall keep the whole law but offend in one point is become guilty of all.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1172", "sort_key": 1170, "question": "What is an article of faith?", "answer": "An article of faith is a revealed truth so important and so certain that no one can deny or doubt it without rejecting the testimony of God. The Church very clearly points out what truths are articles of faith that we may distinguish them from pious beliefs and traditions, so that no one can be guilty of the sin of heresy without knowing it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1173", "sort_key": 1171, "question": "{324} Who are they who neglect to profess their belief in what God has taught?", "answer": "They who neglect to profess their belief in what God has taught are all those who fail to acknowledge the true Church in which they really believe.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1174", "sort_key": 1172, "question": "How do persons who are members of the Church neglect to profess their belief?", "answer": "Persons who are members of the Church neglect to profess their belief by living contrary to the teachings of the Church: that is, by neglecting Mass or the Sacraments, doing injury to their neighbor, and disgracing their religion by sinful and scandalous lives.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1175", "sort_key": 1173, "question": "What chiefly prevents persons who believe in the Church from becoming members of it?", "answer": "A want of Christian courage chiefly prevents persons who believe in the Church from becoming members of it. They fear too much the opinion or displeasure of others, the loss of position or wealth, and, in general, the trials they may have to suffer for the sake of the true faith.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1176", "sort_key": 1174, "question": "What does Our Lord say of those who neglect the true religion for the sake of relatives or friends, or from fear of suffering?", "answer": "Our Lord says of those who neglect the true religion for the sake of relatives or friends, or from fear of suffering: \"He that loveth father or mother more than Me, is not worthy of Me; and he that loveth son or daughter more than Me, is not worthy of Me\"; also: \"And whosoever does not carry his cross and come after Me cannot be My disciple.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1177", "sort_key": 1175, "question": "What excuse do some give for neglecting to seek and embrace the true religion?", "answer": "Some give as an excuse for neglecting to seek and embrace the true religion that we should live in the religion in which we were born, and that one religion is as good as another if we believe we are serving God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1178", "sort_key": 1176, "question": "How do we show that such an excuse is false and absurd?", "answer": "We show that such an excuse is false and absurd because (1) It is false and absurd to say that we should remain in error after we have discovered it; (2) because if one religion is as good as another, Our Lord would not have abolished the Jewish religion, nor the apostles have preached against heresy.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1179", "sort_key": 1177, "question": "{325} Can they who fail to profess their faith in the true Church in which they believe expect to be saved while in that state?", "answer": "They who fail to profess their faith in the true Church in which they believe cannot expect to be saved while in that state, for Christ has said: \"Whosoever shall deny me before men, I will also deny him before my Father who is in heaven.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1180", "sort_key": 1178, "question": "{326} Are we obliged to make open profession of our faith?", "answer": "We are obliged to make open profession of our faith as often as God's honor, our neighbor's spiritual good or our own requires it. \"Whosoever,\" says Christ, \"shall confess me before men, I will also confess him before my Father who is in heaven.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1181", "sort_key": 1179, "question": "When does God's honor, our neighbor's spiritual good, or our own good require us to make an open profession of our faith?", "answer": "God's honor, our neighbor's spiritual good, or our own good requires us to make an open profession of our faith as often as we cannot conceal our religion without violating some law of God or of His Church, or without giving scandal to others or exposing ourselves to the danger of sinning. Pious practices not commanded may often be omitted without any denial of faith.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1182", "sort_key": 1180, "question": "{327} Which are the sins against hope?", "answer": "The sins against hope are presumption and despair.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1183", "sort_key": 1181, "question": "{328} What is presumption?", "answer": "Presumption is a rash expectation of salvation without making proper use of the necessary means to obtain it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1184", "sort_key": 1182, "question": "How may we be guilty of presumption?", "answer": "We may be guilty of presumption (1) By putting off confession when in a state of mortal sin; (2) by delaying the amendment of our lives and repentance for past sins; (3) by being indifferent about the number of times we yield to any temptation after we have once yielded and broken our resolution to resist it; (4) by thinking we can avoid sin without avoiding its near occasion; (5) by relying too much on ourselves and neglecting to follow the advice of our confessor in regard to the sins we confess.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1185", "sort_key": 1183, "question": "{329} What is despair?", "answer": "Despair is the loss of hope in God's mercy.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1186", "sort_key": 1184, "question": "How may we be guilty of despair?", "answer": "We may be guilty of despair by believing that we cannot resist certain temptations, overcome certain sins or amend our lives so as to be pleasing to God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1187", "sort_key": 1185, "question": "Are all sins of presumption and despair equally great?", "answer": "All sins of presumption and despair are not equally great. They may be very slight or very great in proportion to the degree in which we deny the justice or mercy of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1188", "sort_key": 1186, "question": "{330} How do we sin against the love of God?", "answer": "We sin against the love of God by all sin, but particularly by mortal sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1189", "sort_key": 1187, "question": "{331} Does the first Commandment forbid the honoring of the saints?", "answer": "The first Commandment does not forbid the honoring of the saints, but rather approves of it; because by honoring the saints, who are the chosen friends of God, we honor God Himself.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1190", "sort_key": 1188, "question": "What does \"invocation\" mean?", "answer": "Invocation means calling upon another for help or protection, particularly when we are in need or danger. It is used specially with regard to calling upon God or the saints, and hence it means prayer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1191", "sort_key": 1189, "question": "How do we show that by honoring the Saints we honor God Himself?", "answer": "We honor the Saints because they honor God. Therefore, it is for His sake that we honor them, and hence by honoring them we honor Him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1192", "sort_key": 1190, "question": "Give another reason why we honor God by honoring the Saints.", "answer": "Another reason why we honor God by honoring the Saints is this: As we honor our country by honoring its heroes, so do we honor our religion by honoring its Saints. By honoring our religion we honor God, who taught it. Therefore, by honoring the Saints we honor God, for love of whom they became religious heroes in their faith.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1193", "sort_key": 1191, "question": "{332} Does the first Commandment forbid us to pray to the saints?", "answer": "The first Commandment does not forbid us to pray to the saints.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1194", "sort_key": 1192, "question": "Why does the first commandment not forbid us to pray to the Saints?", "answer": "The first commandment does not forbid us to pray to the Saints, because if we are allowed to ask the prayers of our fellow-creatures upon earth we should be allowed also to ask the prayers of our fellow-creatures in heaven. Moreover, the Saints must have an interest in our welfare, because whatever tends to make us good, tends also to the glory of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1195", "sort_key": 1193, "question": "{333} What do we mean by praying to the saints?", "answer": "By praying to the saints we mean the asking of their help and prayers.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1196", "sort_key": 1194, "question": "Do we not slight God Himself by addressing our prayers to saints?", "answer": "We do not slight God Himself by addressing our prayers to saints, but, on the contrary, show a greater respect for His majesty and sanctity, acknowledging, by our prayers to the saints, that we are unworthy to address Him for ourselves, and that we, therefore, ask His holy friends to obtain for us what we ourselves are not worthy to ask.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1197", "sort_key": 1195, "question": "{334} How do we know that the saints hear us?", "answer": "We know that the saints hear us, because they are with God, who makes our prayers known to them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1198", "sort_key": 1196, "question": "{335} Why do we believe that the saints will help us?", "answer": "We believe that the saints will help us because both they and we are members of the same Church, and they love us as their brethren.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1199", "sort_key": 1197, "question": "{336} How are the saints and we members of the same Church?", "answer": "The saints and we are members of the same Church, because the Church in heaven and the Church on earth are one and the same Church, and all its members are in communion with one another.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1200", "sort_key": 1198, "question": "{337} What is the communion of the members of the Church called?", "answer": "The communion of the members of the Church is called the Communion of Saints.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1201", "sort_key": 1199, "question": "{338} What does the communion of saints mean?", "answer": "The communion of saints means the union which exists between the members of the Church on earth with one another, and with the blessed in Heaven, and with the suffering souls in Purgatory.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1202", "sort_key": 1200, "question": "{339} What benefits are derived from the communion of saints?", "answer": "The following benefits are derived from the communion of saints: the faithful on earth assist one another by their prayers and good works, and they are aided by the intercession of the saints in Heaven, while both the saints in Heaven and the faithful on earth help the souls in Purgatory.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1203", "sort_key": 1201, "question": "How can we best honor the Saints, and where shall we learn their virtues?", "answer": "We can best honor the Saints by imitating their virtues, and we shall learn their virtues from the written accounts of their lives. Among the Saints we shall find models for every age, condition or state of life.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1204", "sort_key": 1202, "question": "{340} Does the first Commandment forbid us to honor relics?", "answer": "The first Commandment does not forbid us to honor relics, because relics are the bodies of the saints or objects directly connected with them or with our Lord.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1205", "sort_key": 1203, "question": "How many kinds or classes of relics are there?", "answer": "There are three kinds or classes of relics: (1) The body or part of the body of a saint; (2) articles, such as clothing or books, used by the saint; (3) articles that have touched a relic of the body or other relic.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1206", "sort_key": 1204, "question": "What is there special about a relic of the true cross on which Our Lord Died, and also about the instruments of His Passion?", "answer": "The relics of the true Cross and relics of the thorns, nails, &c., used in the Passion are entitled to a very special veneration, and they have certain privileges with regard to their use and the manner of keeping them that other relics have not. A relic of the true Cross is never kept or carried with other relics.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1207", "sort_key": 1205, "question": "What veneration does the Church permit us to give to relics?", "answer": "The Church permits us to give relics a veneration similar to that we give images. We do not venerate the relics for their own sake, but for the sake of the persons they represent. The souls of canonized saints are certainly in heaven, and we are certain that their bodies also will be there. Therefore, we may honor their bodies because they are to be glorified in heaven and were sanctified upon earth.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1208", "sort_key": 1206, "question": "What care does the Church take in the examination and distribution of relics?", "answer": "The Church takes the greatest care in the examination and distribution of relics. (1) The canonization or beatification of the person whose relic we receive must be certain; (2) the relics are sent in sealed packets, that must be opened only by the bishop of the diocese to which the relics are sent, and each relic or packet must be accompanied by a document or written paper proving its genuineness; (3) the relics cannot be exposed for public veneration until the bishop examines them and pronounces them authentic; that is, that they are what they are claimed to be.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1209", "sort_key": 1207, "question": "What should we be certain of before using any relic or giving it to another?", "answer": "Before using any relic or giving it to another we should be certain that all the requirements of the Church concerning it have been fulfilled, and that the relic really is, as far as it is possible for any one to know, what we believe it to be.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1210", "sort_key": 1208, "question": "Has God Himself honored relics?", "answer": "God Himself has frequently honored relics by permitting miracles to be wrought through them. There is an example given in the Bible, in the IV Book of Kings, where it is related that a dead man was restored to life when his body touched the bones, that is, the relics of the holy prophet Eliseus.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1211", "sort_key": 1209, "question": "{341} Does the first Commandment forbid the making of images?", "answer": "The first Commandment does forbid the making of images if they are made to be adored as gods, but it does not forbid the making of them to put us in mind of Jesus Christ, His Blessed Mother, and the saints.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1212", "sort_key": 1210, "question": "How do we show that it is only the worship and not the making of images that is forbidden by the first commandment?", "answer": "We show that it is only the worship and not the making of images that is forbidden by the first commandment, (1) Because no one thinks it sinful to carve statues or make photographs or paintings of relatives or friends; (2) because God Himself commanded the making of images for the temple after He had given the first commandment, and God never contradicts Himself.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1213", "sort_key": 1211, "question": "{342} Is it right to show respect to the pictures and images of Christ and His saints?", "answer": "It is right to show respect to the pictures and images of Christ and His saints, because they are the representations and memorials of them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1214", "sort_key": 1212, "question": "Have we in this country any civil custom similar to that of honoring the pictures and images of saints?", "answer": "We have, in this country, a civil custom similar to that of honoring pictures and images of saints, for, on Decoration or Memorial Day, patriotic citizens place flowers, flags, or emblems about the statues of our deceased civil heroes, to honor the persons these statues represent; for just as we can dishonor a man by abusing his image, so we can honor him by treating it with respect and reverence.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1215", "sort_key": 1213, "question": "{343} Is it allowed to pray to the crucifix or to the images and relics of the saints?", "answer": "It is not allowed to pray to the crucifix or images and relics of the saints, for they have no life, nor power to help us, nor sense to hear us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1216", "sort_key": 1214, "question": "{344} Why do we pray before the crucifix and the images and relics of the saints?", "answer": "We pray before the crucifix and the images and relics of the saints because they enliven our devotion by exciting pious affections and desires, and by reminding us of Christ and of the saints, that we may imitate their virtues.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1217", "sort_key": 1215, "question": "{345} What is the second Commandment?", "answer": "The second Commandment is: Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1218", "sort_key": 1216, "question": "What do you mean by taking God's name in vain?", "answer": "By taking God's name in vain I mean taking it without reverence, as in cursing or using in a light and careless manner, as in exclamation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1219", "sort_key": 1217, "question": "{346} What are we commanded by the second Commandment?", "answer": "We are commanded by the second Commandment to speak with reverence of God and of the saints, and of all holy things, and to keep our lawful oaths and vows.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1220", "sort_key": 1218, "question": "Is it sinful to use the words of Holy Scripture in a bad or worldly sense?", "answer": "It is sinful to use the words of Holy Scripture in a bad or worldly sense, to joke in them or ridicule their sacred meaning, or in general to give them any meaning but the one we believe God has intended them to convey.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1221", "sort_key": 1219, "question": "{347} What is an oath?", "answer": "An oath is the calling upon God to witness the truth of what we say.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1222", "sort_key": 1220, "question": "How is an oath usually taken?", "answer": "An oath is usually taken by laying the hand on the Bible or by lifting the hand towards heaven as a sign that we call God to witness that what we are saying is under oath and to the best of our knowledge really true.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1223", "sort_key": 1221, "question": "What is perjury?", "answer": "Perjury is the sin one commits who knowingly takes a false oath; that is, swears to the truth of what he knows to be false. Perjury is a crime against the law of our country and a mortal sin before God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1224", "sort_key": 1222, "question": "Who have the right to make us take an oath?", "answer": "All persons to whom the law of our country has given such authority have the right to make us take an oath. They are chiefly judges, magistrates and public officials, whose duty it is to enforce the laws. In religious matters bishops and others to whom authority is given have also the right to make us take an oath.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1225", "sort_key": 1223, "question": "{348} When may we take an oath?", "answer": "We may take an oath when it is ordered by lawful authority or required for God's honor or for our own or our neighbor's good.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1226", "sort_key": 1224, "question": "When may an oath be required for God's honor or for our own or our neighbor's good?", "answer": "An oath may be required for God's honor or for our own or our neighbor's good when we are called upon to defend our religion against false charges; or to protect our own or our neighbor's property or good name; or when we are required to give testimony that will enable the lawful authorities to discover the guilt or innocence of a person accused.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1227", "sort_key": 1225, "question": "Is it ever allowed to promise under oath, in secret societies or elsewhere, to obey another in whatever good or evil he commands?", "answer": "It is never allowed to promise under oath, in secret societies or elsewhere, to obey another in whatever good or evil he commands, for by such an oath we would declare ourselves ready and willing to commit sin, if ordered to do so, while God commands us to avoid even the danger of sinning. Hence the Church forbids us to join any society in which such oaths are taken by its members.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1228", "sort_key": 1226, "question": "What societies in general are we forbidden to join?", "answer": "In general we are forbidden to join (1) All societies condemned by the Church; (2) all societies of which the object is unlawful and the means used sinful; (3) societies in which the rights and freedom of our conscience are violated by rash or dangerous oaths; (4) societies in which any false religious ceremony or form of worship is used.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1229", "sort_key": 1227, "question": "Are trades unions and benefit societies forbidden?", "answer": "Trades unions and benefit societies are not in themselves forbidden because they have lawful ends, which they can secure by lawful means. The Church encourages every society that lawfully aids its members spiritually or temporally, and censures or disowns every society that uses sinful or unlawful means to secure even a good end; for the Church can never permit anyone to do evil that good may come of it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1230", "sort_key": 1228, "question": "Is it lawful to vow or promise strict obedience to a religious superior?", "answer": "It is lawful to vow or promise strict obedience to a religious superior, because such superior can exact obedience only in things that have the sanction of God or of His Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1231", "sort_key": 1229, "question": "{349} What is necessary to make an oath lawful?", "answer": "To make an oath lawful it is necessary that what we swear to be true, and that there be a sufficient cause for taking an oath.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1232", "sort_key": 1230, "question": "{350} What is a vow?", "answer": "A vow is a deliberate promise made to God to do something that is pleasing to Him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1233", "sort_key": 1231, "question": "Which are the vows most frequently made?", "answer": "The vows most frequently made are the three vows of poverty, chastity and obedience, taken by persons living in religious communities or consecrated to God. Persons living in the world are sometimes permitted to make such vows privately, but this should never be done without the advice and consent of their confessor.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1234", "sort_key": 1232, "question": "What do the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience require?", "answer": "The vows of poverty, chastity and obedience require that those who make them shall not possess or keep any property or goods for themselves alone; that they shall not marry or be guilty of any immodest acts, and that they shall strictly obey their lawful superiors.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1235", "sort_key": 1233, "question": "Has it always been a custom with pious Christians to make vows and promises to God?", "answer": "It has always been a custom with pious Christians to make vows and promises to God; to beg His help for some special end, or to thank Him for some benefit received. They have promised pilgrimages, good works or alms and they have vowed to erect churches, convents, hospitals or schools.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1236", "sort_key": 1234, "question": "What is a pilgrimage?", "answer": "A pilgrimage is a journey to a holy place made in a religious manner and for a religious purpose.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1237", "sort_key": 1235, "question": "{351} Is it a sin not to fulfill our vows?", "answer": "Not to fulfill our vows is a sin, mortal or venial, according to the nature of the vow and the intention we had in making it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1238", "sort_key": 1236, "question": "Are we bound to keep an unlawful oath or vow?", "answer": "We are not bound, but, on the contrary, positively forbidden to keep an unlawful oath or vow. We are guilty of sin in taking such an oath or making such a vow, and we would be guilty of still greater sin by keeping them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1239", "sort_key": 1237, "question": "{352} What is forbidden by the second Commandment?", "answer": "The second Commandment forbids all false, rash, unjust, and unnecessary oaths, blasphemy, cursing, and profane words.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1240", "sort_key": 1238, "question": "When is an oath rash, unjust or unnecessary?", "answer": "An oath is rash when we are not sure of the truth of what we swear; it is unjust when it injures another unlawfully; and it is unnecessary when there is no good reason for taking it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1241", "sort_key": 1239, "question": "What is blasphemy, and what are profane words?", "answer": "Blasphemy is any word or action intended as an insult to God. To say He is cruel or find fault with His works is blasphemy. It is a much greater sin than cursing or taking God's name in vain. Profane words mean here bad, irreverent or irreligious words.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1242", "sort_key": 1240, "question": "{353} What is the third Commandment?", "answer": "The third Commandment is: Remember thou keep holy the Sabbath day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1243", "sort_key": 1241, "question": "{354} What are we commanded by the third Commandment?", "answer": "By the third Commandment we are commanded to keep holy the Lord's day and the holydays of obligation, on which we are to give our time to the service and worship of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1244", "sort_key": 1242, "question": "What are holydays of obligation?", "answer": "Holydays of obligation are special feasts of the Church on which we are bound, under pain of mortal sin, to hear Mass and to keep from servile or bodily labors when it can be done without great loss or inconvenience. Whoever, on account of their circumstances, cannot give up work on holydays of obligation should make every effort to hear Mass and should also explain in confession the necessity of working on holydays.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1245", "sort_key": 1243, "question": "{355} How are we to worship God on Sundays and holydays of obligation?", "answer": "We are to worship God on Sundays and holydays of obligation by hearing Mass, by prayer, and by other good works.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1246", "sort_key": 1244, "question": "Name some of the good works recommended for Sunday.", "answer": "Some of the good works recommended for Sunday are: The reading of religious books or papers, teaching Catechism, bringing relief to the poor or sick, visiting the Blessed Sacrament, attending Vespers, Rosary or other devotions in the Church; also attending the meetings of religious sodalities or societies. It is not necessary to spend the whole Sunday in such good works, but we should give some time to them, that for the love of God we may do a little more than what is strictly commanded.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1247", "sort_key": 1245, "question": "Is it forbidden, then, to seek any pleasure or enjoyment on Sunday?", "answer": "It is not forbidden to seek lawful pleasure or enjoyment on Sunday, especially to those who are occupied during the week, for God did not intend the keeping of the Sunday to be a punishment, but a benefit to us. Therefore, after hearing Mass we may take such recreation as is necessary or useful for us; but we should avoid any vulgar, noisy or disgraceful amusements that turn the day of rest and prayer into a day of scandal and sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1248", "sort_key": 1246, "question": "{356} Are the Sabbath day and the Sunday the same?", "answer": "The Sabbath day and the Sunday are not the same. The Sabbath is the seventh day of the week, and is the day which was kept holy in the old law; the Sunday is the first day of the week, and is the day which is kept holy in the new law.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1249", "sort_key": 1247, "question": "What is meant by the Old and New Law?", "answer": "The Old Law means the law or religion given to the Jews; the New Law means the law or religion given to Christians.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1250", "sort_key": 1248, "question": "{357} Why does the Church command us to keep the Sunday holy instead of the Sabbath?", "answer": "The Church commands us to keep the Sunday holy instead of the Sabbath because on Sunday Christ rose from the dead, and on Sunday He sent the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1251", "sort_key": 1249, "question": "Do we keep Sunday instead of Saturday holy for any other reason?", "answer": "We keep Sunday instead of Saturday holy also to teach that the Old Law is not now binding upon us, but that we must keep the New Law, which takes its place.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1252", "sort_key": 1250, "question": "{358} What is forbidden by the third Commandment?", "answer": "The third Commandment forbids all unnecessary servile work and whatever else may hinder the due observance of the Lord's day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1253", "sort_key": 1251, "question": "{359} What are servile works?", "answer": "Servile works are those which require labor rather of body than of mind.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1254", "sort_key": 1252, "question": "From what do servile works derive their name?", "answer": "Servile works derive their name from the fact that such works were formerly done by slaves. Therefore, reading, writing, studying and, in general, all works that slaves did not perform are not considered servile works.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1255", "sort_key": 1253, "question": "{360} Are servile works on Sunday ever lawful?", "answer": "Servile works are lawful on Sundays when the honor of God, the good of our neighbor, or necessity requires them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1256", "sort_key": 1254, "question": "Give some examples of when the honor of God, the good of our neighbor or necessity may require servile works on Sunday.", "answer": "The honor of God, the good of our neighbor or necessity may require servile works on Sunday, in such cases as the preparation of a place for Holy Mass, the saving of property in storms or accidents, the cooking of meals and similar works.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1257", "sort_key": 1255, "question": "{361} What is the fourth Commandment?", "answer": "The fourth Commandment is: Honor thy father and thy mother.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1258", "sort_key": 1256, "question": "What does the word \"honor\" in this commandment include?", "answer": "The word \"honor\" in this commandment includes the doing of everything necessary for our parents' spiritual and temporal welfare, the showing of proper respect, and the fulfillment of all our duties to them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1259", "sort_key": 1257, "question": "{362} What are we commanded by the fourth Commandment?", "answer": "We are commanded by the fourth Commandment to honor, love and obey our parents in all that is not sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1260", "sort_key": 1258, "question": "Why should we refuse to obey parents or superiors who command us to sin?", "answer": "We should refuse to obey parents or superiors who command us to sin because they are not then acting with God's authority, but contrary to it and in violation of His laws.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1261", "sort_key": 1259, "question": "{363} Are we bound to honor and obey others than our parents?", "answer": "We are also bound to honor and obey our bishops, pastors, magistrates, teachers, and other lawful superiors.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1262", "sort_key": 1260, "question": "Who are meant by magistrates?", "answer": "By magistrates are meant all officials of whatever rank who have a lawful right to rule over us and our temporal possessions or affairs.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1263", "sort_key": 1261, "question": "Who are meant by lawful superiors?", "answer": "By lawful superiors are meant all persons to whom we are in any way subject, such as employers or others under whose authority we live or work.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1264", "sort_key": 1262, "question": "What is the duty of servants or workmen to their employers?", "answer": "The duty of servants or workmen to their employers is to serve them faithfully and honestly, according to their agreement, and to guard against injuring their property or reputation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1265", "sort_key": 1263, "question": "{364} Have parents and superiors any duties toward those who are under their charge?", "answer": "It is the duty of parents and superiors to take good care of all under their charge and give them proper direction and example.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1266", "sort_key": 1264, "question": "If parents or superiors neglect their duty or abuse their authority in any particular, should we follow their direction and example in that particular?", "answer": "If parents or superiors neglect their duty or abuse their authority in any particular we should not follow their direction or example in that particular, but follow the dictates of our conscience in the performance of our duty.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1267", "sort_key": 1265, "question": "What is the duty of employers to their servants or workmen?", "answer": "The duty of employers to their servants or workmen is to see that they are kindly and fairly treated and provided for, according to their agreement, and that they are justly paid their wages at the proper time.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1268", "sort_key": 1266, "question": "{365} What is forbidden by the fourth Commandment?", "answer": "The fourth Commandment forbids all disobedience, contempt, and stubbornness towards our parents or lawful superiors.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1269", "sort_key": 1267, "question": "What is meant by contempt and stubbornness?", "answer": "By contempt is meant wilful disrespect for lawful authority, and by stubbornness is meant wilful determination not to yield to lawful authority.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1270", "sort_key": 1268, "question": "{366} What is the fifth Commandment?", "answer": "The fifth Commandment is: Thou shalt not kill.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1271", "sort_key": 1269, "question": "What killing does this commandment forbid?", "answer": "This commandment forbids the killing only of human beings.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1272", "sort_key": 1270, "question": "How do we know that this commandment forbids the killing only of human beings?", "answer": "We know that this commandment forbids the killing only of human beings because, after giving this commandment, God commanded that animals be killed for sacrifice in the temple of Jerusalem, and God never contradicts Himself.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1273", "sort_key": 1271, "question": "{367} What are we commanded by the fifth Commandment?", "answer": "We are commanded by the fifth Commandment to live in peace and union with our neighbor, to respect his rights, to seek his spiritual and bodily welfare, and to take proper care of our own life and health.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1274", "sort_key": 1272, "question": "What sin is it to destroy one's own life, or commit suicide, as this act is called?", "answer": "It is a mortal sin to destroy one's own life or commit suicide, as this act is called, and persons who wilfully and knowingly commit such an act die in a state of mortal sin and are deprived of Christian burial. It is also wrong to expose one's self unnecessarily to the danger of death by rash or foolhardy feats of daring.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1275", "sort_key": 1273, "question": "Is it ever lawful for any cause to deliberately and intentionally take away the life of an innocent person?", "answer": "It is never lawful for any cause to deliberately and intentionally take away the life of an innocent person. Such deeds are always murder, and can never be excused for any reason, however important or necessary.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1276", "sort_key": 1274, "question": "Under what circumstances may human life be lawfully taken?", "answer": "Human life may be lawfully taken (1) In self-defense, when we are unjustly attacked and have no other means of saving our own lives; (2) in a just war, when the safety or rights of the nation require it; (3) by the lawful execution of a criminal, fairly tried and found guilty of a crime punishable by death when the preservation of law and order and the good of the community require such execution.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1277", "sort_key": 1275, "question": "{368} What is forbidden by the fifth Commandment?", "answer": "The fifth Commandment forbids all wilful murder, fighting, anger, hatred, revenge, and bad example.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1278", "sort_key": 1276, "question": "Can the fifth commandment be broken by giving scandal or bad example and by inducing others to sin?", "answer": "The fifth commandment can be broken by giving scandal or bad example and inducing others to sin, because such acts may destroy the life of the soul by leading it into mortal sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1279", "sort_key": 1277, "question": "What is scandal?", "answer": "Scandal is any sinful word, deed or omission that disposes others to sin, or lessens their respect for God and holy religion.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1280", "sort_key": 1278, "question": "Why are fighting, anger, hatred and revenge forbidden by the fifth commandment?", "answer": "Fighting, anger, hatred and revenge are forbidden by the fifth commandment because they are sinful in themselves and may lead to murder. The commandments forbid not only whatever violates them, but also whatever may lead to their violation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1281", "sort_key": 1279, "question": "{369} What is the sixth Commandment?", "answer": "The sixth Commandment is: Thou shalt not commit adultery.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1282", "sort_key": 1280, "question": "{370} What are we commanded by the sixth Commandment?", "answer": "We are commanded by the sixth Commandment to be pure in thought and modest in all our looks, words, and actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1283", "sort_key": 1281, "question": "It is a sin to listen to immodest conversation, songs or jokes?", "answer": "It is a sin to listen to immodest conversation, songs or jokes when we can avoid it, or to show in any way that we take pleasure in such things.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1284", "sort_key": 1282, "question": "{371} What is forbidden by the sixth Commandment?", "answer": "The sixth Commandment forbids all unchaste freedom with another's wife or husband; also all immodesty with ourselves or others in looks, dress, words, and actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1285", "sort_key": 1283, "question": "Why are sins of impurity the most dangerous?", "answer": "Sins of impurity are the most dangerous (1) Because they have the most numerous temptations; (2) because, if deliberate, they are always mortal, and (3) because, more than other sins, they lead to the loss of faith.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1286", "sort_key": 1284, "question": "{372} Does the sixth Commandment forbid the reading of bad and immodest books and newspapers?", "answer": "The sixth Commandment does forbid the reading of bad and immodest books and newspapers.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1287", "sort_key": 1285, "question": "What should be done with immodest book and newspapers?", "answer": "Immodest books and newspapers should be destroyed as soon as possible, and if we cannot destroy them ourselves we should induce their owners to do so.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1288", "sort_key": 1286, "question": "What books does the Church consider bad?", "answer": "The Church considers bad all books containing teaching contrary to faith or morals, or that wilfully misrepresent Catholic doctrine and practice.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1289", "sort_key": 1287, "question": "What places are dangerous to the virtue of purity?", "answer": "Indecent theaters and similar places of amusement are dangerous to the virtue of purity, because their entertainments are frequently intended to suggest immodest things.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1290", "sort_key": 1288, "question": "{373} What is the seventh Commandment?", "answer": "The seventh Commandment is: Thou shalt not steal.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1291", "sort_key": 1289, "question": "What sin is it to steal?", "answer": "To steal is a mortal or venial sin, according to the amount stolen either at once or at different times. Circumstances may make the sin greater or less, and they should be explained in confession.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1292", "sort_key": 1290, "question": "Is stealing ever a sacrilege?", "answer": "Stealing is a sacrilege when the thing stolen belongs to the Church and when the stealing takes place in the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1293", "sort_key": 1291, "question": "What sins are equivalent to stealing?", "answer": "All sins of cheating, defrauding or wronging others of their property; also all sins of borrowing or buying with the intention of never repaying are equivalent to stealing.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1294", "sort_key": 1292, "question": "In what other ways may persons sin against honesty?", "answer": "Persons may sin against honesty also by knowingly receiving, buying or sharing in stolen goods; likewise by giving or taking bribes for dishonest purposes.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1295", "sort_key": 1293, "question": "{374} What are we commanded by the seventh Commandment?", "answer": "By the seventh Commandment we are commanded to give to all men what belongs to them and to respect their property.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1296", "sort_key": 1294, "question": "How may persons working for others be guilty of dishonesty?", "answer": "Persons working for others may be guilty of dishonesty by idling the time for which they are paid; also by doing bad work or supplying bad material without their employer's knowledge.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1297", "sort_key": 1295, "question": "In what other way may a person be guilty of dishonesty?", "answer": "A person may be guilty of dishonesty in getting money or goods by false pretenses and by using either for purposes for which they were not given.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1298", "sort_key": 1296, "question": "{375} What is forbidden by the seventh Commandment?", "answer": "The seventh Commandment forbids all unjust taking or keeping what belongs to another.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1299", "sort_key": 1297, "question": "What must we do with things found?", "answer": "We must return things found to their lawful owners as soon as possible, and we must also use reasonable means to find the owners if they are unknown to us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1300", "sort_key": 1298, "question": "What must we do if we discover we have bought stolen goods?", "answer": "If we discover we have bought stolen goods and know their lawful owners we must return the goods to them as soon as possible without demanding compensation from the owner for what we paid for the goods.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1301", "sort_key": 1299, "question": "{376} Are we bound to restore ill-gotten goods?", "answer": "We are bound to restore ill-gotten goods, or the value of them, as far as we are able; otherwise we cannot be forgiven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1302", "sort_key": 1300, "question": "What must we do if we cannot restore all we owe, or if the person to whom we should restore be dead?", "answer": "If we cannot restore all we owe, we must restore as much as we can, and if the person to whom we should restore be dead we must restore to his children or heirs, and if these cannot be found we may give alms to the poor.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1303", "sort_key": 1301, "question": "What must one do who cannot pay his debts and yet wishes to receive the Sacraments?", "answer": "One who cannot pay his debts and yet wishes to receive the Sacraments must sincerely promise and intend to pay them as soon as possible, and must without delay make every effort to do so.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1304", "sort_key": 1302, "question": "{377} Are we obliged to repair the damage we have unjustly caused?", "answer": "We are bound to repair the damage we have unjustly caused.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1305", "sort_key": 1303, "question": "{378} What is the eighth Commandment?", "answer": "The eighth Commandment is: Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1306", "sort_key": 1304, "question": "{379} What are we commanded by the eighth Commandment?", "answer": "We are commanded by the eighth Commandment to speak the truth in all things, and to be careful of the honor and reputation of every one.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1307", "sort_key": 1305, "question": "What is a lie?", "answer": "A lie is a sin committed by knowingly saying what is untrue with the intention of deceiving. To swear to a lie makes the sin greater, and such swearing is called perjury. Pretense, hypocrisy, false praise, boasting, &c., are similar to lies.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1308", "sort_key": 1306, "question": "How can we know the degree of sinfulness in a lie?", "answer": "We can know the degree of sinfulness in a lie by the amount of harm it does and from the intention we had in telling it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1309", "sort_key": 1307, "question": "Will a good reason for telling a lie excuse it?", "answer": "No reason, however good, will excuse the telling of a lie, because a lie is always bad in itself. It is never allowed, even for a good intention to do a thing that is bad in itself.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1310", "sort_key": 1308, "question": "{380} What is forbidden by the eighth Commandment?", "answer": "The eighth Commandment forbids all rash judgments, backbiting, slanders, and lies.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1311", "sort_key": 1309, "question": "What are rash judgment, backbiting, slander and detraction?", "answer": "Rash judgment is believing a person guilty of sin without a sufficient cause. Backbiting is saying evil things of another in his absence. Slander is telling lies about another with the intention of injuring him. Detraction is revealing the sins of another without necessity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1312", "sort_key": 1310, "question": "Is it ever allowed to tell the faults of another?", "answer": "It is allowed to tell the faults of another when it is necessary to make them known to his parents or superiors, that the faults may be corrected and the wrong doer prevented from greater sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1313", "sort_key": 1311, "question": "What is tale-bearing, and why is it wrong?", "answer": "Tale-bearing is the act of telling persons what others have said about them, especially if the things said be evil. It is wrong, because it gives rise to anger, hatred and ill-will, and is often the cause of greater sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1314", "sort_key": 1312, "question": "{381} What must they do who have lied about their neighbor and seriously injured his character?", "answer": "They who have lied about their neighbor and seriously injured his character must repair the injury done as far as they are able, otherwise they will not be forgiven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1315", "sort_key": 1313, "question": "{382} What is the ninth Commandment?", "answer": "The ninth Commandment is: Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1316", "sort_key": 1314, "question": "{383} What are we commanded by the ninth Commandment?", "answer": "We are commanded by the ninth Commandment to keep ourselves pure in thought and desire.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1317", "sort_key": 1315, "question": "{384} What is forbidden by the ninth Commandment?", "answer": "The ninth Commandment forbids unchaste thoughts, desires of another's wife or husband, and all other unlawful impure thoughts and desires.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1318", "sort_key": 1316, "question": "{385} Are impure thoughts and desires always sins?", "answer": "Impure thoughts and desires are always sins, unless they displease us and we try to banish them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1319", "sort_key": 1317, "question": "{386} What is the tenth Commandment?", "answer": "The tenth Commandment is: Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's goods.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1320", "sort_key": 1318, "question": "What does covet mean?", "answer": "Covet means to wish to get wrongfully what another possesses or to begrudge his own to him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1321", "sort_key": 1319, "question": "{387} What are we commanded by the tenth Commandment?", "answer": "By the tenth Commandment we are commanded to be content with what we have, and to rejoice in our neighbor's welfare.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1322", "sort_key": 1320, "question": "Should we not, then, try to improve our position in the world?", "answer": "We should try to improve our position in the world, provided we can do so honestly and without exposing ourselves to greater temptation or sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1323", "sort_key": 1321, "question": "{388} What is forbidden by the tenth Commandment?", "answer": "The tenth Commandment forbids all desires to take or keep wrongfully what belongs to another.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1324", "sort_key": 1322, "question": "In what does the sixth commandment differ from the ninth, and the seventh differ from the tenth?", "answer": "The sixth commandment differs from the ninth in this, that the sixth refers chiefly to external acts of impurity, while the ninth refers more to sins of thought against purity. The seventh commandment refers chiefly to external acts of dishonesty, while the tenth refers more to thoughts against honesty.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1325", "sort_key": 1323, "question": "Are not the commandments of the Church also commandments of God?", "answer": "The commandments of the Church are also commandments of God, because they are made by His authority, and we are bound under pain of sin to observe them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1326", "sort_key": 1324, "question": "What is the difference between the commandments of God and the Commandments of the Church?", "answer": "The commandments of God were given by God Himself to Moses on Mount Sinai; the commandments of the Church were given on different occasions by the lawful authorities of the Church. The Commandments given by God Himself cannot be changed by the Church; but the commandments made by the Church itself may be changed by its authority as necessity requires.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1327", "sort_key": 1325, "question": "{389} Which are the chief commandments of the Church?", "answer": "The chief commandments of the Church are six:", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1328", "sort_key": 1326, "question": "Why has the Church made commandments?", "answer": "The Church has made commandments to teach the faithful how to worship God and to guard them from the neglect of their religious duties.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1329", "sort_key": 1327, "question": "{390} Is it a mortal sin not to hear Mass on a Sunday or a holyday of obligation?", "answer": "It is a mortal sin not to hear Mass on a Sunday or a holyday of obligation, unless we are excused for a serious reason. They also commit a mortal sin who, having others under their charge, hinder them from hearing Mass, without a sufficient reason.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1330", "sort_key": 1328, "question": "What is a \"serious reason\" excusing one from the obligation of hearing Mass?", "answer": "A \"serious reason\" excusing one from the obligation of hearing Mass is any reason that makes it impossible or very difficult to attend Mass, such as severe illness, great distance from the Church, or the need of certain works that cannot be neglected or postponed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1331", "sort_key": 1329, "question": "Are children obliged, under pain of mortal sin, the same as grown persons, to hear Mass on Sundays and holydays of obligation?", "answer": "Children who have reached the use of reason are obliged under pain of mortal sin, the same as grown persons, to hear Mass on Sundays and holydays of obligation; but if they are prevented from so doing by parents, or others, then the sin falls on those who prevent them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1332", "sort_key": 1330, "question": "{391} Why were holydays instituted by the church?", "answer": "Holydays were instituted by the Church to recall to our minds the great mysteries of religion and the virtues and rewards of the saints.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1333", "sort_key": 1331, "question": "How many holydays of obligation are there in this country?", "answer": "In this country there are six holydays of obligation, namely, (1) Feast of the Immaculate Conception (Dec. 8th); (2) Christmas (Dec. 25th); (3) Feast of the Circumcision of Our Lord (Jan. 1st); (4) Feast of the Ascension of Our Lord (forty days after Easter); (5) Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin (Aug. 15th); and (6) Feast of All Saints (Nov. 1st).", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1334", "sort_key": 1332, "question": "{392} How should we keep the holydays of obligation?", "answer": "We should keep the holydays of obligation as we should keep the Sunday.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1335", "sort_key": 1333, "question": "Why are certain holydays called holydays of obligation?", "answer": "Certain holydays are called holydays of obligation because on such days we are obliged under pain of mortal sin to hear Mass and keep from servile works as we do on Sundays.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1336", "sort_key": 1334, "question": "What should one do who is obliged to work on a holyday of obligation?", "answer": "One who is obliged to work on a holyday of obligation should, if possible, hear Mass before going to work, and should also explain this necessity in confession, so as to obtain the confessor's advice on the subject.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1337", "sort_key": 1335, "question": "{393} What do you mean by fast-days?", "answer": "By fast-days I mean days on which we are allowed but one full meal.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1338", "sort_key": 1336, "question": "Is it permitted on fast days to take any food besides the one full meal?", "answer": "It is permitted on fast days, besides the one full meal, to take two other meatless meals, to maintain strength, according to each one's needs. But together these two meatless meals should not equal another full meal.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1339", "sort_key": 1337, "question": "Who are obliged to fast?", "answer": "All persons over 21 and under 59 years of age, and whose health and occupation will permit them to fast.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1340", "sort_key": 1338, "question": "Does the Church excuse any classes of persons from the obligation of fasting?", "answer": "The Church does excuse certain classes of persons from the obligation of fasting on account of their age, the condition of their health, the nature of their work, or the circumstances in which they live. These things are explained in the Regulations for Lent, read publicly in the Churches each year.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1341", "sort_key": 1339, "question": "What should one do who doubts whether or not he is obliged to fast?", "answer": "In doubt concerning fast, a parish priest or confessor should be consulted.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1342", "sort_key": 1340, "question": "When do fast days chiefly occur in the year?", "answer": "Fast days chiefly occur in the year during Lent and Advent, on the Ember days and on the vigils or eves of some great feasts. A vigil falling on a Sunday is not observed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1343", "sort_key": 1341, "question": "What do you mean by Lent, Advent, Ember days and the vigils of great feasts?", "answer": "Lent is the seven weeks of penance preceding Easter. Advent is the four weeks of preparation preceding Christmas. Ember days are three days set apart in each of the four seasons of the year as special days of prayer and thanksgiving. Vigils are the days immediately preceding great feasts and spent in spiritual preparation for them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1344", "sort_key": 1342, "question": "{394} What do you mean by days of abstinence?", "answer": "By days of abstinence I mean days on which no meat at all may be taken (complete abstinence) or on which meat may be taken only once a day (partial abstinence). This is explained in the regulations for Lent. All the Fridays of the year are days of abstinence except when a Holyday of obligation falls on a Friday outside of Lent.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1345", "sort_key": 1343, "question": "Are children and persons unable to fast bound to abstain on days of abstinence?", "answer": "Children, from the age of seven years, and persons who are unable to fast are bound to abstain on days of abstinence, unless they are excused for sufficient reason.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1346", "sort_key": 1344, "question": "{395} Why does the Church command us to fast and abstain?", "answer": "The Church commands us to fast and abstain, in order that we may mortify our passions and satisfy for our sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1347", "sort_key": 1345, "question": "What is meant by our passions and what by mortifying them?", "answer": "By our passions are meant our sinful desires and inclinations. Mortifying them means restraining them and overcoming them so that they have less power to lead us into sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1348", "sort_key": 1346, "question": "{396} Why does the Church command us to abstain from flesh-meat on Fridays?", "answer": "The Church commands us to abstain from flesh-meat on Fridays in honor of the day on which our Saviour died.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1349", "sort_key": 1347, "question": "{397} What is meant by the command of confessing at least once a year?", "answer": "By the command of confessing at least once a year is meant that we are obliged, under pain of mortal sin, to go to confession within the year.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1350", "sort_key": 1348, "question": "{398} Should we confess only once a year?", "answer": "We should confess frequently, if we wish to lead a good life.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1351", "sort_key": 1349, "question": "Should we go to confession at our usual time even if we think we have not committed sin since our last confession?", "answer": "We should go to confession at our usual time even if we think we have not committed sin since our last confession, because the Sacrament of Penance has for its object not only to forgive sins, but also to bestow grace and strengthen the soul against temptation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1352", "sort_key": 1350, "question": "{399} Should children go to confession?", "answer": "Children should go to confession when they are old enough to commit sin, which is commonly about the age of seven years.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1353", "sort_key": 1351, "question": "{400} What sin does he commit who neglects to receive Communion during the Easter time?", "answer": "He who neglects to receive Communion during the Easter time commits a mortal sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1354", "sort_key": 1352, "question": "{401} What is the Easter time?", "answer": "The Easter time is, in this country, the time between the first Sunday of Lent and Trinity Sunday.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1355", "sort_key": 1353, "question": "When is Trinity Sunday?", "answer": "Trinity Sunday is the Sunday after Pentecost, or eight weeks after Easter Sunday; so that there are fourteen weeks in which one may comply with the command of the Church to receive Holy Communion between the first Sunday of Lent and Trinity Sunday.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1356", "sort_key": 1354, "question": "{402} Are we obliged to contribute to the support of our pastors?", "answer": "We are obliged to contribute to the support of our pastors, and to bear our share in the expense of the Church and school.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1357", "sort_key": 1355, "question": "Where did the duty of contributing to the support of the Church and clergy originate?", "answer": "The duty of contributing to the support of the Church and clergy originated in the Old Law, when God commanded all the people to contribute to the support of the temple and of its priests.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1358", "sort_key": 1356, "question": "What does the obligation of supporting the Church and school imply?", "answer": "The obligation of supporting the Church and school implies the duty of making use of the Church and school by attending religious worship in the one and by giving Catholic education in the other; because if the Church and school were not necessary for our spiritual welfare we would not be commanded to support them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1359", "sort_key": 1357, "question": "Does the fifth commandment of the Church include the support only of our pastors and the Church and school?", "answer": "The fifth commandment of the Church includes the support also of our holy father, the Pope, bishops, priests, missions, religious institutions and religion in general.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1360", "sort_key": 1358, "question": "{403} What is the meaning of the commandment not to marry within the third degree of kindred?", "answer": "The meaning of the commandment not to marry within the third degree of kindred is that no one is allowed to marry another within the third degree of blood relationship.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1361", "sort_key": 1359, "question": "Who are in the third degree of blood relationship?", "answer": "Second cousins are in the third degree of blood relationship, and persons whose relationship is nearer than second cousins are in closer degrees of kindred. It is unlawful for persons thus related to marry without a dispensation or special permission of the Church.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1362", "sort_key": 1360, "question": "Are there other relationships besides blood relationship that render marriage unlawful without a dispensation?", "answer": "There are other relationships besides blood relationship that render marriage unlawful without a dispensation, namely, the relationships contracted by marriage, which are called degrees of affinity, and the relationship contracted by being sponsors at Baptism, which is called spiritual affinity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1363", "sort_key": 1361, "question": "What should persons about to marry do, if they suspect they are related to each other?", "answer": "Persons about to marry, if they suspect they are related to each other, should make known the facts to the priest, that he may examine the degree of relationship and procure a dispensation if necessary.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1364", "sort_key": 1362, "question": "{404} What is the meaning of the command not to marry privately?", "answer": "The command not to marry privately means that none should marry without the blessing of God's priests or without witnesses.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1365", "sort_key": 1363, "question": "What sin is it for Catholics to be married before the minister of another religion?", "answer": "It is a mortal sin for Catholics to be married before the minister of another religion, and they who attempt to do so incur excommunication, and absolution from their sin is reserved to the bishop.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1366", "sort_key": 1364, "question": "{405} What is the meaning of the precept not to solemnize marriage at forbidden times?", "answer": "The meaning of the precept not to solemnize marriage at forbidden times is that during Lent and Advent the marriage ceremony should not be performed with pomp or a nuptial Mass.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1367", "sort_key": 1365, "question": "{406} What is the nuptial Mass?", "answer": "The nuptial Mass is a Mass appointed by the Church to invoke a special blessing upon the married couple.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1368", "sort_key": 1366, "question": "{407} Should Catholics be married at a nuptial Mass?", "answer": "Catholics should be married at a nuptial Mass, because they thereby show greater reverence for the holy Sacrament and bring richer blessings upon their wedded life.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1369", "sort_key": 1367, "question": "What restrictions does the Church place on the ceremonies of marriage when one of the persons is not a Catholic?", "answer": "The Church places several restrictions on the ceremonies of marriage when one of the persons is not a Catholic. The marriage cannot take place in the church; the priest cannot wear his sacred vestments nor use holy water nor bless the ring nor the marriage itself. The Church places these restrictions to show her dislike for such marriages, commonly called mixed marriages.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1370", "sort_key": 1368, "question": "Why does the Church dislike mixed marriages?", "answer": "The Church dislikes mixed marriages because such marriages are frequently unhappy, give rise to many disputes, endanger the faith of the Catholic member of the family, and prevent the religious education of the children.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1371", "sort_key": 1369, "question": "{408} When will Christ judge us?", "answer": "Christ will judge us immediately after our death, and on the last day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1372", "sort_key": 1370, "question": "{409} What is the judgment called which we have to undergo immediately after death?", "answer": "The judgment we have to undergo immediately after death is called the Particular Judgment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1373", "sort_key": 1371, "question": "Where will the particular judgment be held?", "answer": "The particular judgment will be held in the place where each person dies, and the soul will go immediately to its reward or punishment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1374", "sort_key": 1372, "question": "{410} What is the judgment called which all men have to undergo on the last day?", "answer": "The judgment which all men have to undergo on the last day is called the General Judgment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1375", "sort_key": 1373, "question": "Will the sentence given at the particular judgment be changed at the general judgment?", "answer": "The sentence given at the particular judgment will not be changed at the general judgment, but it will be repeated and made public to all.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1376", "sort_key": 1374, "question": "{411} Why does Christ judge men immediately after death?", "answer": "Christ judges men immediately after death to reward or punish them according to their deeds.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1377", "sort_key": 1375, "question": "How may we daily prepare for our judgment?", "answer": "We may daily prepare for our judgment by a good examination of conscience, in which we will discover our sins and learn to fear the punishment they deserve.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1378", "sort_key": 1376, "question": "{412} What are the rewards or punishments appointed for men's souls after the Particular Judgment?", "answer": "The rewards or punishments appointed for men's souls after the Particular Judgment are Heaven, Purgatory, and Hell.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1379", "sort_key": 1377, "question": "{413} What is Hell?", "answer": "Hell is a state to which the wicked are condemned, and in which they are deprived of the sight of God for all eternity, and are in dreadful torments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1380", "sort_key": 1378, "question": "Will the damned suffer in both mind and body?", "answer": "The damned will suffer in both mind and body, because both mind and body had a share in their sins. The mind suffers the \"pain of loss\" in which it is tortured by the thought of having lost God forever, and the body suffers the \"pain of sense\" by which it is tortured in all its members and senses.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1381", "sort_key": 1379, "question": "{414} What is Purgatory?", "answer": "Purgatory is the state in which those suffer for a time who die guilty of venial sins, or without having satisfied for the punishment due to their sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1382", "sort_key": 1380, "question": "Why is this state called Purgatory?", "answer": "This state is called Purgatory because in it the souls are purged or purified from all their stains; and it is not, therefore, a permanent or lasting state for the soul.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1383", "sort_key": 1381, "question": "Are the souls in Purgatory sure of their salvation?", "answer": "The souls in Purgatory are sure of their salvation, and they will enter heaven as soon as they are completely purified and made worthy to enjoy that presence of God which is called the Beatific Vision.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1384", "sort_key": 1382, "question": "Do we know what souls are in Purgatory, and how long they have to remain there?", "answer": "We do not know what souls are in Purgatory nor how long they have to remain there; hence we continue to pray for all persons who have died apparently in the true faith and free from mortal sin. They are called the faithful departed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1385", "sort_key": 1383, "question": "{415} Can the faithful on earth help the souls in Purgatory?", "answer": "The faithful on earth can help the souls in Purgatory by their prayers, fasts, alms, deeds; by indulgences, and by having Masses said for them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1386", "sort_key": 1384, "question": "Since God loves the souls in Purgatory, why does He punish them?", "answer": "Though God loves the souls in Purgatory, He punishes them because His holiness requires that nothing defiled may enter heaven and His justice requires that everyone be punished or rewarded according to what he deserves.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1387", "sort_key": 1385, "question": "{416} If every one is judged immediately after death, what need is there of a general judgment?", "answer": "There is need of a general judgment, though every one is judged immediately after death, that the providence of God, which, on earth, often permits the good to suffer and the wicked to prosper, may in the end appear just before all men.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1388", "sort_key": 1386, "question": "What is meant by \"the Providence of God\"?", "answer": "By \"the Providence of God\" is meant the manner in which He preserves, provides for, rules and governs the world and directs all things by His infinite Will.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1389", "sort_key": 1387, "question": "Are there other reasons for the general judgment?", "answer": "There are other reasons for the general judgment, and especially that Christ Our Lord may receive from the whole world the honor denied Him at His first coming, and that all may be forced to acknowledge Him their God and Redeemer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1390", "sort_key": 1388, "question": "{417} Will our bodies share in the reward or punishment of our souls?", "answer": "Our bodies will share in the reward or punishment of our souls, because through the resurrection they will again be united to them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1391", "sort_key": 1389, "question": "When will the general resurrection or rising of all the dead take place?", "answer": "The general resurrection or rising of all the dead will take place at the general judgment, when the same bodies in which we lived on earth will come forth from the grave and be united to our souls and remain united with them forever either in heaven or in hell.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1392", "sort_key": 1390, "question": "{418} In what state will the bodies of the just rise?", "answer": "The bodies of the just will rise glorious and immortal.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1393", "sort_key": 1391, "question": "{419} Will the bodies of the damned also rise?", "answer": "The bodies of the damned will also rise, but they will be condemned to eternal punishment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1394", "sort_key": 1392, "question": "Why do we show respect for the bodies of the dead?", "answer": "We show respect for the bodies of the dead because they were the dwelling-place of the soul, the medium through which it received the Sacraments, and because they were created to occupy a place in heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1395", "sort_key": 1393, "question": "{420} What is Heaven?", "answer": "Heaven is the state of everlasting life in which we see God face to face, are made like unto Him in glory, and enjoy eternal happiness.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1396", "sort_key": 1394, "question": "In what does the happiness in heaven consist?", "answer": "The happiness in heaven consists in seeing the beauty of God, in knowing Him as He is, and in having every desire fully satisfied.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1397", "sort_key": 1395, "question": "What does St. Paul say of heaven?", "answer": "St. Paul says of heaven, \"That eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither hath it entered into the heart of man what things God hath prepared for them that love Him.\" (I. Cor. ii., 9.)", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1398", "sort_key": 1396, "question": "Are the rewards in heaven and the punishments in hell the same for all who enter into either of these states?", "answer": "The rewards of heaven and the punishments in hell are not the same for all who enter into either of these states, because each one's reward or punishment is in proportion to the amount of good or evil he has done in this world. But as heaven and hell are everlasting, each one will enjoy his reward or suffer his punishment forever.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1399", "sort_key": 1397, "question": "{421} What words should we bear always in mind?", "answer": "We should bear always in mind these words of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ: \"What doth it profit a man if he gain the whole world and suffer the loss of his own soul, or what exchange shall a man give for his soul? For the Son of man shall come in the glory of His Father with His angels; and then will He render to every man according to his works.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "_source_title": "Baltimore Catechism No. 3", "_author": "Third Plenary Council of Baltimore", "_contributors": [{"name": "Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (supplementer)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14553/pg14553.txt", "document_id": "baltimore-catechism-no-3", "item_id": "1400", "sort_key": 1398, "question": "Name some of the more essential religious truths we must know and believe.", "answer": "Some of the more essential religious truths we must know and believe are:", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "LESSON TWENTY-NINTH.: ON THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "1", "sort_key": 1, "question": "Who made you?", "answer": "God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "2", "sort_key": 2, "question": "What else did God make?", "answer": "God made all things.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "3", "sort_key": 3, "question": "Why did God make you and all things?", "answer": "For his own glory.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "4", "sort_key": 4, "question": "How can you glorify God?", "answer": "By loving him and doing what he commands.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "5", "sort_key": 5, "question": "Why ought you to glorify God?", "answer": "Because he made me and takes care of me.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "6", "sort_key": 6, "question": "Are there more gods than one?", "answer": "There is only one God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "7", "sort_key": 7, "question": "In how many persons does this one God exist?", "answer": "In three persons.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "8", "sort_key": 8, "question": "What are they?", "answer": "The Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "9", "sort_key": 9, "question": "What is God?", "answer": "God is a Spirit, and has not a body like men.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "10", "sort_key": 10, "question": "Where is God?", "answer": "God is everywhere.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "11", "sort_key": 11, "question": "Can you see God?", "answer": "No; I cannot see God, but he always sees me.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "12", "sort_key": 12, "question": "Does God know all things?", "answer": "Yes; nothing can be hid from God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "13", "sort_key": 13, "question": "Can God do all things?", "answer": "Yes; God can do all his holy will.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "14", "sort_key": 14, "question": "Where do you learn how to love and obey God?", "answer": "In the Bible alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "15", "sort_key": 15, "question": "Who wrote the Bible?", "answer": "Holy men who were taught by the Holy Ghost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "16", "sort_key": 16, "question": "Who were our first parents?", "answer": "Adam and Eve.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "17", "sort_key": 17, "question": "Of what were our first parents made?", "answer": "God made the body of Adam out of the ground, and formed Eve from the body of Adam.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "18", "sort_key": 18, "question": "What did God give Adam and Eve besides bodies?", "answer": "He gave them souls that could never die.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "19", "sort_key": 19, "question": "Have you a soul as well as a body?", "answer": "Yes; I have a soul that can never die.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "20", "sort_key": 20, "question": "How do you know that you have a soul?", "answer": "Because I can think about God and the world to come.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "21", "sort_key": 21, "question": "In what condition did God make Adam and Eve?", "answer": "He made them holy and happy.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "22", "sort_key": 22, "question": "What is a covenant?", "answer": "An agreement between two or more persons.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "23", "sort_key": 23, "question": "What covenant did God make with Adam?", "answer": "The covenant of works.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "24", "sort_key": 24, "question": "What was Adam bound to do by the covenant of works?", "answer": "To obey God perfectly.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "25", "sort_key": 25, "question": "What did God promise in the covenant of works?", "answer": "To reward Adam with life if he obeyed him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "26", "sort_key": 26, "question": "What did God threaten in the covenant of works?", "answer": "To punish Adam with death if he disobeyed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "27", "sort_key": 27, "question": "Did Adam keep the covenant of works?", "answer": "No; he sinned against God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "28", "sort_key": 28, "question": "What is sin?", "answer": "Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of, the law of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "29", "sort_key": 29, "question": "What is meant by want of conformity?", "answer": "Not being or doing what God requires.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "30", "sort_key": 30, "question": "What is meant by transgression?", "answer": "Doing what God forbids.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "31", "sort_key": 31, "question": "What was the sin of our first parents?", "answer": "Eating the forbidden fruit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "32", "sort_key": 32, "question": "Who tempted them to this sin?", "answer": "The devil tempted Eve, and she gave the fruit to Adam.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "33", "sort_key": 33, "question": "What befell our first parents when they had sinned?", "answer": "Instead of being holy and happy, they became sinful and miserable.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "34", "sort_key": 34, "question": "Did Adam act for himself alone in the covenant of works?", "answer": "No; he represented all his posterity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "35", "sort_key": 35, "question": "What effect had the sin of Adam on all mankind?", "answer": "All mankind are born in a state of sin and misery.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "36", "sort_key": 36, "question": "What is that sinful nature which we inherit from Adam called?", "answer": "Original sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "37", "sort_key": 37, "question": "What does every sin deserve?", "answer": "The wrath and curse of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "38", "sort_key": 38, "question": "Can any one go to heaven with this sinful nature?", "answer": "No, our hearts must be changed before we can be fit for heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "39", "sort_key": 39, "question": "What is a change of heart called?", "answer": "Regeneration.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "40", "sort_key": 40, "question": "Who can change a sinner's heart?", "answer": "The Holy Spirit alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "41", "sort_key": 41, "question": "Can any one be saved through the covenant of works?", "answer": "None can be saved through the covenant of works.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "42", "sort_key": 42, "question": "Why can none be saved through the covenant of works?", "answer": "Because all have broken it, and are condemned by it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "43", "sort_key": 43, "question": "With whom did God the Father make the covenant of grace?", "answer": "With Christ, his eternal Son.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "44", "sort_key": 44, "question": "Whom did Christ represent in the covenant of grace?", "answer": "His elect people.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "45", "sort_key": 45, "question": "What did Christ undertake in the covenant of grace?", "answer": "To keep the whole law for his people, and to suffer the punishment due to their sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "46", "sort_key": 46, "question": "Did our Lord Jesus Christ ever commit the least sin?", "answer": "No; he was holy, harmless and undefiled.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "47", "sort_key": 47, "question": "How could the Son of God suffer?", "answer": "Christ, the Son of God, became man that he might obey and suffer in our nature.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "48", "sort_key": 48, "question": "What is meant by the Atonement?", "answer": "Christ's satisfying divine justice, by his sufferings and death, in the place of sinners.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "49", "sort_key": 49, "question": "What did God the Father undertake in the covenant of grace?", "answer": "To justify and sanctify those for whom Christ should die.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "50", "sort_key": 50, "question": "What is justification?", "answer": "It is God's forgiving sinners, and treating them as if they had never sinned.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "51", "sort_key": 51, "question": "What is sanctification?", "answer": "It is God's making sinners holy in heart and conduct.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "52", "sort_key": 52, "question": "For whom did Christ obey and suffer?", "answer": "For those whom the Father had given him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "53", "sort_key": 53, "question": "What kind of life did Christ live on earth?", "answer": "A life of poverty and suffering.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "54", "sort_key": 54, "question": "What kind of death did Christ die?", "answer": "The painful and shameful death of the cross.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "55", "sort_key": 55, "question": "Who will be saved?", "answer": "Only those who repent of sin, believe in Christ and lead holy lives.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "56", "sort_key": 56, "question": "What is it to repent?", "answer": "To be sorry for sin, and to hate and forsake it because it is displeasing to God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "57", "sort_key": 57, "question": "What is it to believe or have faith in Christ?", "answer": "To trust in Christ alone for salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "58", "sort_key": 58, "question": "Can you repent and believe in Christ by your own power?", "answer": "No; I can do nothing good without the help of God's Holy Spirit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "59", "sort_key": 59, "question": "How can you get the help of the Holy Spirit?", "answer": "God has told us that we must pray to him for the Holy Spirit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "60", "sort_key": 60, "question": "How long ago is it since Christ died?", "answer": "More than eighteen hundred years.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "61", "sort_key": 61, "question": "How were pious persons saved before the coming of Christ if", "answer": "By believing in a Saviour to come.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "62", "sort_key": 62, "question": "How did they show their faith?", "answer": "By offering sacrifices on God's altar.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "63", "sort_key": 63, "question": "What did these sacrifices represent?", "answer": "Christ, the Lamb of God, who was to die for sinners.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "64", "sort_key": 64, "question": "What offices has Christ?", "answer": "Christ has three offices.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "65", "sort_key": 65, "question": "What are they?", "answer": "The offices of a prophet, of a priest, and of a king.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "66", "sort_key": 66, "question": "How is Christ a prophet?", "answer": "Because he teaches us the will of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "67", "sort_key": 67, "question": "How is Christ a priest?", "answer": "Because he died for our sins and pleads with God for us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "68", "sort_key": 68, "question": "How is Christ a king?", "answer": "Because he rules over us and defends us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "69", "sort_key": 69, "question": "Why do you need Christ as a prophet?", "answer": "Because I am ignorant.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "70", "sort_key": 70, "question": "Why do you need Christ as a priest?", "answer": "Because I am guilty.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "71", "sort_key": 71, "question": "Why do you need Christ as a king?", "answer": "Because I am weak and helpless.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "72", "sort_key": 72, "question": "How many commandments did God give on Mount Sinai?", "answer": "Ten commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "73", "sort_key": 73, "question": "What are the ten commandments sometimes called?", "answer": "The Decalogue.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "74", "sort_key": 74, "question": "What do the first four commandments teach?", "answer": "Our duty to God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "75", "sort_key": 75, "question": "What do the last six commandments teach?", "answer": "Our duty to our fellow-men.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "76", "sort_key": 76, "question": "What is the sum of the ten commandments?", "answer": "To love God with all my heart, and my neighbor as myself.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "77", "sort_key": 77, "question": "Who is your neighbor?", "answer": "All my fellow-men are my neighbors.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "78", "sort_key": 78, "question": "Is God pleased with those who love and obey him?", "answer": "Yes; he says, 'I love them that love me.'", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "79", "sort_key": 79, "question": "Is God displeased with those who do not love and obey him?", "answer": "Yes; 'God is angry with the wicked every day.'", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "80", "sort_key": 80, "question": "What is the first commandment?", "answer": "The first commandment is, Thou shalt have no other gods before me.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "81", "sort_key": 81, "question": "What does the first commandment teach us?", "answer": "To worship God alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "82", "sort_key": 82, "question": "What is the second commandment?", "answer": "The second commandment is, Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them; for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "83", "sort_key": 83, "question": "What does the second commandment teach us?", "answer": "To worship God in a proper manner, and to avoid idolatry.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "84", "sort_key": 84, "question": "What is the third commandment?", "answer": "The third commandment is, Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "85", "sort_key": 85, "question": "What does the third commandment teach us?", "answer": "To reverence God's name, word, and works.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "86", "sort_key": 86, "question": "What is the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The fourth commandment is, Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labor and do all thy work; but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: for in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested on the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day, and hallowed it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "87", "sort_key": 87, "question": "What does the fourth commandment teach us?", "answer": "To keep the Sabbath holy.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "88", "sort_key": 88, "question": "What day of the week is the Christian Sabbath?", "answer": "The first day of the week, called the Lord's day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "89", "sort_key": 89, "question": "Why is it called the Lord's day?", "answer": "Because on that day Christ rose from the dead.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "90", "sort_key": 90, "question": "How should the Sabbath be spent?", "answer": "In prayer and praise, in hearing and reading God's word, and in doing good to our fellow-men.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "91", "sort_key": 91, "question": "What is the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The fifth commandment is, Honor thy father and thy mother, that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "92", "sort_key": 92, "question": "What does the fifth commandment teach us?", "answer": "To love and obey our parents and teachers.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "93", "sort_key": 93, "question": "What is the sixth commandment?", "answer": "The sixth commandment is, Thou shalt not kill.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "94", "sort_key": 94, "question": "What does the sixth commandment teach us?", "answer": "To avoid angry passions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "95", "sort_key": 95, "question": "What is the seventh commandment?", "answer": "The seventh commandment is, Thou shalt not commit adultery.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "96", "sort_key": 96, "question": "What does the seventh commandment teach us?", "answer": "To be pure in heart, language, and conduct.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "97", "sort_key": 97, "question": "What is the eighth commandment?", "answer": "The eighth commandment is, Thou shalt not steal.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "98", "sort_key": 98, "question": "What does the eighth commandment teach us?", "answer": "To be honest and industrious.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "99", "sort_key": 99, "question": "What is the ninth commandment?", "answer": "The ninth commandment is, Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "100", "sort_key": 100, "question": "What does the ninth commandment teach us?", "answer": "To tell the truth.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "101", "sort_key": 101, "question": "What is the tenth commandment?", "answer": "The tenth commandment is, Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his man-servant, nor his maid-servant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbor's.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "102", "sort_key": 102, "question": "What does the tenth commandment teach us?", "answer": "To be content with our lot.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "103", "sort_key": 103, "question": "Can any man keep these ten commandments perfectly?", "answer": "No mere man, since the fall of Adam, ever did or can keep the ten commandments perfectly.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "104", "sort_key": 104, "question": "Of what use are the ten commandments to us?", "answer": "They teach us our duty, and show our need of a Saviour.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "105", "sort_key": 105, "question": "What is prayer?", "answer": "Prayer is asking God for things which he has promised to give.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "106", "sort_key": 106, "question": "In whose name should we pray?", "answer": "Only in the name of Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "107", "sort_key": 107, "question": "What has Christ given us to teach us how to pray?", "answer": "The Lord's Prayer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "108", "sort_key": 108, "question": "Repeat the Lord's Prayer.", "answer": "OUR FATHER WHICH ART IN HEAVEN, HALLOWED BE THY NAME. THY KINGDOM COME. THY WILL BE DONE IN EARTH, AS IT IS IN HEAVEN. GIVE US THIS DAY OUR DAILY BREAD; AND FORGIVE US OUR DEBTS, AS WE FORGIVE OUR DEBTORS; AND LEAD US NOT INTO TEMPTATION, BUT DELIVER US FROM EVIL. FOR THINE IS THE KINGDOM, AND THE POWER, AND THE GLORY, FOR EVER. AMEN.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "109", "sort_key": 109, "question": "How many petitions are there in the Lord's Prayer?", "answer": "Six.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "110", "sort_key": 110, "question": "What is the first petition?", "answer": "'Hallowed be thy name.'", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "111", "sort_key": 111, "question": "What do we pray for in the first petition?", "answer": "That God's name may be honored by us and all men.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "112", "sort_key": 112, "question": "What is the second petition?", "answer": "'Thy kingdom come.'", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "113", "sort_key": 113, "question": "What do we pray for in the second petition?", "answer": "That the gospel may be preached in all the world, and believed and obeyed by us and all men.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "114", "sort_key": 114, "question": "What is the third petition?", "answer": "'Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven.'", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "115", "sort_key": 115, "question": "What do we pray for in the third petition?", "answer": "That men on earth may serve God as the angels do in heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "116", "sort_key": 116, "question": "What is the fourth petition?", "answer": "'Give us this day our daily bread.'", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "117", "sort_key": 117, "question": "What do we pray for in the fourth petition?", "answer": "That God would give us all things needful for our bodies and souls.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "118", "sort_key": 118, "question": "What is the fifth petition?", "answer": "'And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors.'", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "119", "sort_key": 119, "question": "What do we pray for in the fifth petition?", "answer": "That God would pardon our sins for Christ's sake, and enable us to forgive those who have injured us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "120", "sort_key": 120, "question": "What is the sixth petition?", "answer": "'And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil.'", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "121", "sort_key": 121, "question": "What do we pray for in the sixth petition?", "answer": "That God would keep us from sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "122", "sort_key": 122, "question": "How many sacraments are there?", "answer": "Two.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "123", "sort_key": 123, "question": "What are they?", "answer": "Baptism and the Lord's Supper.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "124", "sort_key": 124, "question": "Who appointed these sacraments?", "answer": "The Lord Jesus Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "125", "sort_key": 125, "question": "Why did Christ appoint these sacraments?", "answer": "To distinguish his disciples from the world, and to comfort and strengthen them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "126", "sort_key": 126, "question": "What sign is used in baptism?", "answer": "The washing with water.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "127", "sort_key": 127, "question": "What does this signify?", "answer": "That we are cleansed from sin by the blood of Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "128", "sort_key": 128, "question": "In whose name are we baptized?", "answer": "In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "129", "sort_key": 129, "question": "Who are to be baptized?", "answer": "Believers and their children.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "130", "sort_key": 130, "question": "Why should infants be baptized?", "answer": "Because they have a sinful nature and need a Saviour.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "131", "sort_key": 131, "question": "Does Christ care for little children?", "answer": "Yes; for he says, SUFFER THE LITTLE CHILDREN TO COME UNTO ME, AND FORBID THEM NOT, FOR OF SUCH IS THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "132", "sort_key": 132, "question": "To what does your baptism bind you?", "answer": "To be a true follower of Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "133", "sort_key": 133, "question": "What is the Lord's Supper?", "answer": "The eating of bread and drinking of wine in remembrance of the sufferings and death of Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "134", "sort_key": 134, "question": "What does the bread represent?", "answer": "The body of Christ, broken for our sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "135", "sort_key": 135, "question": "What does the wine represent?", "answer": "The blood of Christ, shed for our salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "136", "sort_key": 136, "question": "Who should partake of the Lord's Supper?", "answer": "Only those who repent of their sins, believe in Christ for salvation, and love their fellow-men.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "137", "sort_key": 137, "question": "Did Christ remain in the tomb after his crucifixion?", "answer": "No; he rose from the tomb on the third day after his death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "138", "sort_key": 138, "question": "Where is Christ now?", "answer": "In heaven, interceding for sinners.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "139", "sort_key": 139, "question": "Will he come again?", "answer": "Yes; at the last day Christ will come to judge the world.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "140", "sort_key": 140, "question": "What becomes of men at death?", "answer": "The body returns to dust, and the soul goes into the world of spirits.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "141", "sort_key": 141, "question": "Will the bodies of the dead be raised to life again?", "answer": "Yes; 'the trumpet shall sound and the dead shall be raised.'", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "142", "sort_key": 142, "question": "What will become of the wicked in the day of judgment?", "answer": "They shall be cast into hell.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "143", "sort_key": 143, "question": "What is hell?", "answer": "A place of dreadful and endless torment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "144", "sort_key": 144, "question": "What will become of the righteous?", "answer": "They shall be taken to heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "_source_title": "Catechism For Young Children", "_author": "Joseph Engles", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/590be125ff7c502a07752a5b/t/5a84cca971c10b7697dda564/1518652588323/Engles%2C+Joseph+Patterson%2C+Catechism+for+Young+Children.pdf", "document_id": "catechism-for-young-children", "item_id": "145", "sort_key": 145, "question": "What is heaven?", "answer": "A glorious and happy place, where the righteous shall be for ever with the LORD.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "1", "sort_key": 1, "question": "WHAT is the chief end of man?", "answer": "Man's chief end is to glorify God, and to enjoy him forever.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Seeing a chief supposes an inferior end; what is that inferior end for which man was made?", "answer": "It is prudently, soberly, and mercifully, to govern, use, and dispose of other creatures in the earth, sea, and air, over which God gave man the dominion; Genesis 1:26. And God said let us make man in our own image, after our likeness: and let him have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the bird of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth. So Psalm 8:6. You made him to have dominion over the works of your hands; you have put all things under his feet."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What then is to be thought of those men, who being wholly intent upon inferior things, forget and neglect their principal end?", "answer": "They are dead while they live; 1 Timothy 5:6. But she that lives in pleasure, is dead while she lives: They have their portion in this life; Psalm 17:14. From men of the world, which have their portion in this life, and their end is destruction, Philippians 3:19. Whose end is destruction."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How can a man glorify God, seeing he is perfectly glorious in himself?", "answer": "Man cannot glorify God by adding any new degree of glory to him; Job 35:7. If you be righteous, what give you him, but by manifesting his glory with the lips? Psalm 50:23. Whoever offers praise, glorifies me; or with the life; Matthew 5:16. Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father which is in Heaven."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Wherein consists the enjoyment of God?", "answer": "It consists, first, in the facial vision of him in Heaven. SECONDLY, in full conformity to him; 1 John 3:2. But we know, that when he shall appear, we shall be like him, for we shall see him as he is. THIRDLY, in that full satisfaction which results from both the former; Psalm 17:15. I shall be satisfied when I awake with your likeness."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Can none enjoy him in Heaven, who do not glorify him on earth?", "answer": "No adult person can scripturally expect happiness in Heaven without holiness on earth; Hebrews 12:14. And holiness, without which no man shall see the Lord. Romans 8:30. Whom he justified, them he also glorified."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "How comes the glory and enjoyment of God our chief end?", "answer": "He is our Master, and rightful Owner and Benefactor; we receive our being and preservation from him, of him, and through him, and therefore to him be all things, Romans 11:36."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Do all men make God their chief end?", "answer": "No, they do not; some make their sensual pleasure their chief end: Philippians 3:19. Whose God is their belly: and some the world, Colossians 3:5. Mortify therefore your members which are upon the earth, and covetousness, which is idolatry."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What are the signs of a man's making himself his chief end?", "answer": "Those make themselves their chief end, who ascribe the glory of what they have, or do, to themselves, and not to God; Daniel 4:30. The king spoke, and said, Is not this great Babylon which I have built? Isaiah 10:18. For he says, by the strength of my hand have I done it; and by my wisdom, for I am prudent; therefore they sacrifice to their own net, and burn incense unto their drag, Habakkuk 1:16."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Why are the glorifying and enjoying of God put together, as making up our chief end?", "answer": "Because no man can glorify God, that takes him not for his God; and none takes him for his God, that takes him not for his supreme good; and both these being essentially included in this notion of the chief end, are therefore justly put together."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the first truth inferred hence?", "answer": "That God has dignified man above all other creatures on earth, in giving him a capacity of glorifying God here, and of enjoying him hereafter."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the second truth inferred hence?", "answer": "That the soul of man is not annihilated by death, but advanced by it; Philippians 1:21. To die is gain, verse 23. Having a desire to depart, and to be with Christ, which is far better."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the third truth inferred hence?", "answer": "That it is the duty and wisdom of every Christian to renounce, deny, and forsake all inferior interests and enjoyments, when they come in competition with the glory of God, and our enjoyment of him: Luke 14:33. So likewise whoever he be of you, that forsakes not all that he has, he cannot be my disciple."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the fourth inference hence?", "answer": "That we are to abhor and renounce all those doctrines and practices, that debase the glory of God, and exalt and magnify the creature. Of the Scriptures as our Rule"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "2", "sort_key": 2, "question": "WHAT rule has God given to direct us how we may glorify and enjoy him?", "answer": "The word of God, which is contained in the Scriptures of the Old and new Testament, is the only rule to direct us how we may glorify and enjoy him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How can the Scriptures be called the word of God, seeing the things contained there were spoken and written by men?", "answer": "They are truly and properly called the word of God, because they came not by the will of man; but holy men of God spoke as they were moved by the Holy Spirit, 2 Peter 1:21."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What are the principal arguments to persuade us that the scriptures are of Divine authority and inspiration?", "answer": "Three things especially convince us: FIRST, The holiness of the doctrine therein contained. SECONDLY, The awful efficacy thereof on the soul. THIRDLY, The uncontrollable miracles by which they are sealed, put it beyond all rational doubt that they are the very words of God."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the holiness of the scriptures; and how does that prove them to be God's word?.", "answer": "The holiness of the scriptures does appear in two things: FIRST, In commanding and encouraging whatever is pure, and holy; Philippians 4:8. Whatever things are pure. SECONDLY, In forbidding all unholiness, under pain of damnation; 2 Corinthians 6:9. Know you not, that the unrighteous shall not inherit the kingdom of God, etc. This shows that they came not from Satan, being cross to his design; nor from man, it being against his corrupt nature; and therefore from God only."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is their authority and efficacy on the soul? and how does that prove them divine?", "answer": "Their authority, and efficacy on the soul, consists in three things: FIRST, In the power they have to search and discover the secrets of men; Hebrews 12:4. The word of God is quick and powerful, and sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow; and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart. SECONDLY, In their converting efficacy, changing and renewing the soul; Psalm 19:7. The law of the Lord is perfect, converting the soul. THIRDLY, In their cheering and restoring efficacy, when the soul is cast down under any inward or outward trouble; Psalm 19:8. The statutes of the Lord are right, rejoicing the heart. No human power can do such things as these; John 17:17. Sanctify them through your truth; your word is truth."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How do miracles confirm it?", "answer": "Because all proper miracles are wrought only by the hand of God: John 3:2. And no man can do these miracles that you do, except God be with him: and so are his seal to whatever he affixes them, and it consists not with his truth, and holiness to set it to a forgery."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What was the end of writing the word?", "answer": "That the church to the end of the world might have a sure, known, standing-rule, to try and judge all things by, and not be left to the uncertainty of traditions; John 5:39. Search the scriptures, for in them you think you have eternal life, and they are they which testify of me."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Does not the authority of the scriptures depend on the church, fathers, and councils?", "answer": "No, the scriptures are not built on the authority of the church, but the church on them; Ephesians 2:20. And are built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner-stone. And as for councils and fathers, the scriptures are not to be tried by them; but they by the scriptures; Isaiah 8:20. To the law and to the testimony; if they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What may be fairly inferred from this proposition, that the scriptures are the word of God?", "answer": "Three things may be hence inferred. FIRST, The perfection of the scriptures, which being the only rule given by God, must therefore be perfect. SECONDLY, That it is the right of common people to read them; John 5:39. Search the scriptures, Acts 17:11. These were more noble than those of Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so. THIRDLY, That we owe no obedience to the injunctions of men farther than they are sufficiently warranted by the written word; Matthew 15:9. But in vain do they worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men. Of Faith and Obedience"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "3", "sort_key": 3, "question": "WHAT do the scriptures principally teach?", "answer": "The scriptures principally teach what man is to believe concerning God, and what duty God requires of man.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Why is faith conjoined with obedience, and put before it?", "answer": "Because faith is the principle from whence all obedience flows; and no man can perform any duty aright in the estate of unbelief; Hebrews 11:6. But without faith it is impossible to please him; for he who comes to God, must believe that he is."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Can there be no saving faith where the scriptures are not known and preached?", "answer": "No; for the apostle says, Romans 10:14, 15. How then shall they call on him in whom they have not believed? and how shall they believe in him of whom they have not heard? and how shall they hear without a preacher? and how shall they preach except they be sent? And verse 17. So then, faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of God."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Are not we bound to believe what learned men teach us, as points of faith, though the things they teach be not contained in the word of God?", "answer": "No; if the things they teach be not contained expressly, or by necessary consequence in the word of God, we are not obliged to believe them as points of faith; Isaiah 8:20. To the law, and to the testimony, if they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them: Galatians 1:8. Though we, or an angel from Heaven, preach any other gospel unto you than that which we have preached unto you, let him be accursed. And Christ has charged us, Matthew 23:10. To call no man master, for one is your master, even Christ."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Are there some things in scripture more excellent than others; because it is said, the scriptures principally teach matters of faith and duty?", "answer": "Every part of scripture is alike pure; Proverbs 30:5. Every word of God is pure, and of equal authority, but not of equal weight; as several pieces of gold are alike pure, and of the same stamp, but not of equal value."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What may be inferred hence for use?", "answer": "FIRST, Hence it is our duty to examine what we hear, by the word; and not receive any doctrine because men confidently affirm it, but because the scriptures require it; Acts 17:11. These were more noble than those of Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily, whether these things were so. SECONDLY, That the Christian religion is not notional, but practical; and that impractical faith saves no man; James 2:20. Faith without works is dead. God is a Spirit"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "4", "sort_key": 4, "question": "WHAT is God?", "answer": "God is a Spirit, infinite, eternal, and unchangeable in his being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness, and truth.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Can the nature of God be defined, so as men may express properly and strictly what God is?", "answer": "No; Job 11:7. Can you by searching find out God? can you find out the Almighty unto perfection? We do then conceive most rightly of God, when we acknowledge him to be inconceivable; and therefore, one being asked the question, what God is? answered rightly; If I fully knew that, I should be a God myself; for God only knows his own essence."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How many ways are there by which men may know and describe the nature of God, though still with imperfect knowledge?", "answer": "There are two ways of knowing God in this life. FIRST, By way of affirmation; affirming that of God by way of eminence, which is excellent in the creature; as when we affirm him to be wise, good, merciful, etc. SECONDLY, By way of negation, when we remove from God, in our conceptions, all that is imperfect in the creature; so we say, God is immense, infinite, immutable; and in this sense we also call him a Spirit, that is he is not a gross corporeal substance."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How many sorts of spirits are there? and of which sort is God?", "answer": "There be two sorts of spirits, created and finite, as angels and the souls of men are. SECONDLY, Uncreated, and infinite; and such a Spirit God only is, infinitely above all other spirits."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "If God be a Spirit, in what sense are we to understand all those scriptures which speak of the eyes of the Lord, the ears and hands of God?", "answer": "We are to understand them as expressions of God, in condescension to the weakness of our understanding; even as the glory of Heaven is expressed to us in scripture by a city, and the royal feast. These shadows are useful to us while we are in the body; but we shall know him in Heaven after a more perfect manner."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What may be inferred from the spiritual nature of God?", "answer": "Hence learn, that it is both sinful and dangerous to frame an image or picture of God. Who can make an image of his soul, which yet is not so perfect a spirit as God is? And as it is sinful to attempt it, so it is impossible to do it; Deuteronomy 4:15, 16. Take you therefore good heed unto yourselves; for you saw no manner of similitude on the day that the Lord spoke to you in Horeb, out of the midst of the fire; lest you corrupt yourselves, and make you a graven image, the similitude of any figure, etc."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What else may be inferred from thence?", "answer": "That our souls are the most noble and excellent part of us, which most resembles God; and therefore our chief regard and care should be for them, whatever becomes of the vile body; Matthew 16:26. For what is a man profited, if he gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? Or what shall a man give in exchange for his soul?"}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What further truth may be inferred hence?", "answer": "That men should beware of spiritual sins, as well as of gross and outward sins; for there is a faithfulness of the spirit, as well as of the flesh; 2 Corinthians 7:1. Let us cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of flesh and spirit; and as God sees them, so he greatly abhors them, as sins that defile the noblest part of man, on which he stamped his own image."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What also may be inferred from hence?", "answer": "Hence we learn, that spiritual worship is most agreeable to his nature and will; and the more spiritual it is, the more acceptable it will be to him; John 4:24. God is a Spirit, and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth. Externals in worship are of little regard with God; as places, habits, gestures, etc. Apply this, FIRST, To superstitious men, Isaiah 66:1, 2, 3. SECONDLY, To children, that say a prayer, but mind not to whom, nor what they say, Of God's Infinity"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "5", "sort_key": 5, "question": "ARE there more gods than one?", "answer": "There is but one only, the living and true God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How does it appear that there is but one God?", "answer": "It is evident from scripture there is but one God; Deuteronomy 6:4. Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God is one Lord. Jeremiah 10:10 but the Lord is the true God; he is the living God, and an everlasting King: and as scripture reveals no more, so reason will allow no more."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Why will reason allow no more but one God?", "answer": "Because God is the first being; Revelation 1:11. Saying, I am Alpha and Omega, the first and the last; and there can be but one first being, and God is the most perfect and excellent being; Psalm 71:19. Your righteousness, also, O God, is very high, who has done great things: O God, who is like unto you? And there can be but one most perfect and excellent being."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "But does not the scriptures say, in 1 Corinthians 8:5 that there are gods many, and lords many?", "answer": "Yes; there are many in title, and many in opinion, but one only in truth; Jeremiah 10:10. But the Lord is the true God, he is the living God, and an everlasting King."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "why is he called the true God?", "answer": "To distinguish him from the idols and false gods of the heathens; 1 Thessalonians 1:9. How you turned to God from idols, to serve the living and true God. Acts 14:15. We preach unto you, that you should turn from these vanities unto the living God, which made Heaven and earth, and the sea, and all things that are therein."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Why is he called the living God?", "answer": "Because all life, natural, spiritual, and eternal, is in him, and from him only. FIRST, Natural life; Acts 17:28. For in him we live, and move, and have our being. SECONDLY, Spiritual life; Ephesians 2:1. You has he quickened who were dead in trespasses and sins. THIRDLY, Eternal life in glory; Colossians 3:4. When Christ who is our life, shall appear, then shall you also appear with him in glory."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the first instruction from hence?", "answer": "If but one God, then all his children should be of one heart, having one and the same Father; Ephesians 4:5, 6. One Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, who is above all, and through all, and in you all."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the second inference from hence?", "answer": "That it is idolatry to perform worship to any other but God only; Psalm 86:9, 10. All nations whom you have made, shall come and worship before you, O Lord, and shall glorify your name, for you are great, and do wondrous things, you are God alone."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the third inference from it?", "answer": "That our supreme love is due to God only, and it is very sinful to place it in any other; Deuteronomy 6:4, 5. Hear, O Israel. The Lord our God is one Lord; and you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the fourth inference from God's unity?", "answer": "That God only must have the reliance and dependence of our souls; Jeremiah 17:5, 7. Thus says the Lord, cursed be the man that trusts in man, that makes flesh his arm, and whose heart departs from the Lord. Blessed is the man that trusts in the Lord, and whose hope the Lord is."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the last inference from it?", "answer": "That we have great cause to be thankful for the gospel, which discovers the only true God to us; and that we are not as the heathens, worshiping many and false gods; 1 Corinthians 8:5, 6. For though there be that are called gods, whether in Heaven or in earth, as there be gods many, and lords many; but to us there is but one God, the Father, of whom are all things, and we in him; and one Lord, Jesus Christ, by whom are all things, and we by him. Of three Persons in the Godhead"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "6", "sort_key": 6, "question": "HOW many persons are there in the godhead?", "answer": "There are three persons in the godhead, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, and these three are one God, the same in substance, equal in power and glory.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What mean you by the word, godhead?", "answer": "It is the nature, essence, or being of God, as the apostle speaks, Acts 17:29. Forasmuch then as we are the offspring of God, we ought not to think that the godhead is like unto gold, or silver, or stone, graven by are, and man's device."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "what is a person in the godhead?", "answer": "It is the godhead distinguished by personal properties; each person having his distinct personal properties; Hebrews 1:3. Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, upholding all things by the word of his power."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How does it appear there are three persons, and no more?", "answer": "FIRST, From Christ's baptism; Matthew 3:16, 17. And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up immediately out of the water, and lo, the heavens were opened unto him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending, like a dove, and lighting upon him; and lo, a voice from Heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son in whom I am well pleased."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "How else in the second place, does it appear?", "answer": "From the institution of our baptism; Matthew 28:19 Go you, therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is the third proof from scripture?", "answer": "From the apostolical blessing; 2 Corinthians 13:14. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the fellowship of the holy Spirit, be with you all, Amen: Where the three distinct blessings are wished from the three divine persons in the godhead, grace from Christ, love from the Father, and communion with the Spirit."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What farther evidence is there of it in scripture?", "answer": "From plain positive assertions of the scripture, asserting, FIRST, A trinity of persons SECONDLY, A unity of essence? 1 John 5:7. For there are three that bear record in Heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit, and these three are one."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the first instruction from the trinity?", "answer": "That the doctrine of the gospel concerning Christ, is fully confirmed and ratified by three witnesses from Heaven, who are above all exceptions; 1 John 5:7. For there are three that bear record in Heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the second instruction from the trinity?", "answer": "Hence we learn the true order and manner of worshiping God, in the Son; John 16:23. Whatever you shall ask the Father in my name, he shall give it you. And by the Spirit; Ephesians 6:18 Praying always, with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the third instruction from the trinity?", "answer": "That the covenant of grace conveys a rich portion to believers in making over all three persons to them; Jeremiah 31:33. But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the Lord; I will put my law into their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the fourth instruction from the trinity?", "answer": "That as it is the duty of all the saints to give distinct glory to the three persons in the Godhead; so it will be a special part of their blessedness in Heaven, to contemplate the distinct benefits received from them all; Revelation 1:5. And from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, and the first begotten of the dead, and the prince of the kings of the earth; unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood. Of God's decrees"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "7", "sort_key": 7, "question": "WHAT are the decrees of God?", "answer": "The decrees of God are his eternal purpose, according to the council of his will, whereby for his own glory he has fore-ordained whatever comes to pass.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What things are decreed of God?", "answer": "All things whatever come to pass, even the smallest; Ephesians 1:11. In whom also we have obtained an inheritance, being predestined according to the purpose of him who works all things after the counsel of his own will."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the end of God's decrees?", "answer": "The glory of his own name; Ephesians 1:11, 12. Who works all things according to the counsel of his own will, that we should be to the praise of his glory, who first trusted in Christ."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "But there are some evil things done in the world; Do they fall under God's decree?", "answer": "Though God does neither approve them, nor necessitate men to commit them, yet he does permit and allow them to be done, and will turn them to his own glory; Acts 4:27, 28. For of a truth, against your holy child Jesus, whom you have anointed, both Herod, and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles, and the people of Israel are gathered together, for to do whatever your hand and your counsel determined before to be done."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Who are the objects of God's special decrees?", "answer": "Angels and men are the objects of God's special decrees; 1 Timothy 5:21. I charge you before God, and the Lord Jesus Christ, and the elect angels, that you observe these things, etc. Romans 8:33. Who shall lay anything to the charge of God's elect?"}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is the first property of God's decrees?", "answer": "That they are most wise acts of God, laid in the depth of wisdom and counsel; Romans 11:33. O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways are past finding out!"}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the second property of God's decrees?", "answer": "The decrees of God are most free, all flowing from the mere pleasure of his will; Romans 9:18. Therefore has he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardens."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the third property of God's decrees?", "answer": "They are most firm and stable; 2 Timothy 2:19. Nevertheless, the foundation of God stands sure; having this seal, The Lord knows them that are his; Zechariah 6:1."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the fourth property of God's decrees?", "answer": "They are eternal, and before all time; Acts 15:18. Known unto God are all his works, from the beginning of the world."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the fifth property of God's decrees?", "answer": "They are most pure, and altogether unspotted of sin; 1 John 1:5. This is the message which we have heard of him, and declare unto you, That God is light, and in him is no darkness at all."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the first instruction from God's decrees?", "answer": "That we ought to ascribe nothing to chance, but to the appointment or providence of God; Proverbs 16:33. The lot is cast into the lap; but the whole disposing thereof is of the Lord."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the second instruction from God's decrees?", "answer": "That God's hand is to be acknowledged in the greatest afflictions that befall us; 2 Samuel 16:11. And David said to Abishai, and to all his servants, behold my son, which came forth of my affections, seeks my life; how much more now may this Benjamite do it? Let him alone, and let him curse, for the Lord has bidden him."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the last instruction from God's decrees?", "answer": "That we ought to be thankful to God for all the good, and patient under all the evils that befall us; Job 2:10. Shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil?"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "8", "sort_key": 8, "question": "HOW does God execute his decrees?", "answer": "God executes his decrees in the works of creation and providence.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "9", "sort_key": 9, "question": "WHAT are the works of creation?", "answer": "The work of creation is, God's making all things of nothing, by the word of his power, in the space of six days, and all very good.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is it to create?", "answer": "To create, is to give a being to that which had no being; or to bring something out of nothing; Hebrews 11:3. Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God; so that things which are seen were not made of things that do appear."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How did God create the world?", "answer": "By his infinite power, executed in his word of command; Psalm 33:6, 9. By the word of the Lord were the heavens made, and all the host of them by the breath of his mouth; for he spoke, and it was done; he commanded, and it stood fast."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What attributes of God shine forth in the creation?", "answer": "The wisdom of God shines forth gloriously, not only in their formation, but dependence one upon another; Psalm 104:24. O Lord, how manifold are your works! In wisdom have you made them all. The earth is full of your riches."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What may we learn from the creation?", "answer": "That God perfectly knows all that is in the creature, be it never so secret; Psalm 94:8, 9. Understand, O you brutish among the people; and you fools, when will you be wise? He who planted the ear, shall he not hear: He who formed the eye, shall he not see?"}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is the second instruction from the creation?", "answer": "That God is the rightful owner of us all, and may do what he will with us? Romans 9:20. Nay but, O man, who are you that replies against God! shall the thing formed say to him that formed it, why have you made me thus? Has not the potter power over the clay of the same lump to make one vessel to honor, and another to dishonor?"}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the third instruction from the creation?", "answer": "That God only is the proper object of worship; Jeremiah 10:11. Thus shall he say unto them, The gods that have not made the heavens, and the earth, even they shall perish from the earth, and from under these heavens."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the fourth instruction from hence?", "answer": "That Christians should not fear the power of creatures, since they derive their being and power from God; Isaiah 54:16, 17. Behold, I have created the smith that blows the coals in the fire, that brings forth an instrument for his work; and I have created the waster to destroy; no weapon that is formed against you shall prosper."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the fifth instruction from hence?", "answer": "That Atheism is a sin against natural light and reason; Romans 1:20. For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and godhead; so that they are without excuse."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the sixth instruction from hence?", "answer": "That God's glory is the end of all being; Colossians 1:16. For by him were all things created, that are in Heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created by him and for him."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the seventh instruction from hence?", "answer": "That there is an unnatural rebellion in sin, smiting at him that made and preserves our being; Isaiah 1:6. I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against me."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the eighth instruction from hence?", "answer": "That God can in a moment revive and save the church when at the lowest ebb; Isaiah 65:18. Behold, I create Jerusalem a rejoicing, and her people a joy."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the last instruction from hence?", "answer": "That it is easy with God to revive a dejected soul; Isaiah 57:19. I create the fruit of the lips: Peace, peace to him that is far off, and to him that is near, says the Lord; and I will heal him, Of Man's Creation"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "10", "sort_key": 10, "question": "HOW did God create man?", "answer": "God created man male and female, after his own image, in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness, with doninion over the creatures.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How did God create man?", "answer": "God created man in his own image; Genesis 1:27. So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him, male and female created he them."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is meant by the image of God?", "answer": "Not a resemblance of God in any bodily shape or figure, but in holiness; Ephesians 4:24. And that you put on the new man, which after God is created in righteousness and true holiness."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "In what graces did man resemble God?", "answer": "In such a knowledge of God himself, and the creatures, which made him happy; Colossians 3:10, And have put on the new man, which is renewed in knowledge, after the image of him that created him."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "In what other graces did this image consist?", "answer": "In righteousness as well as holiness; Ephesians 4:24. And that you put on the new man, which after God is created in righteousness and true holiness."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is the first inference from hence?", "answer": "The deplorable misery of the fall; Romans 5:12. Wherefore as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin, and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the second instruction from hence?", "answer": "The beauty of holiness, which is the image of God, and the excellency of man; Psalm 16:3. But to the saints that are in the earth, and to the excellent, in whom is all my delight."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the third instruction from hence?", "answer": "We have infinite cause to bless God for Christ, who repairs this lost image in his people; Ephesians 4:23. And be renewed in the spirit of your mind."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the fourth instruction from hence?", "answer": "That the despisers of holiness are the despisers of God; for holiness is God's image."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the fifth instruction from hence?", "answer": "The excellency of sanctification, which defaces the image of Satan, and draws the image of God upon the soul of man. Of Divine Providence"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "11", "sort_key": 11, "question": "WHAT are God's works of providence?", "answer": "God's works of providence are his most holy, wise, and powerful preserving and governing all his creatures, and all their actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How does it appear that there is a Divine Providence?", "answer": "It appears by plain scripture testimonies. Hebrews 1:3. Upholding all things by the word of his power. Colossians 1:17. By him all things consist. Luke. 12:6, 7. Are not five sparrows sold for two farthings, and not one of them is forgotten before God; but even the very hairs of your head are all numbered."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How else is providence evinced?", "answer": "By scripture emblems; as Jacob's ladder, Genesis 28:12, 13. And he dreamed, and behold a ladder set upon the earth, and the top of it reached to Heaven; behold the angels of God ascended and descended on it: And Ezekiel's wheels, Ezekiel 1:20. Wherever the spirit was to go, they went, thither was their spirit to go, and the wheels were lifted up over against them, for the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What farther scripture evidence is there?", "answer": "The sure accomplishment of scripture predictions; as Israel's captivity, and deliverance from Egypt and Babylon; Christ's incarnation; the rise and ruin of the four monarchies; Daniel 2:31. You, O king, saw, and behold a great image, whose brightness was excellent, stood before you, and the form thereof was terrible. Daniel 7:3. And four great beasts came up from the sea, diverse one from the other."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is its first act about the creatures?", "answer": "It sustains, preserves, provides for them; Psalm 145:15, 16. The eyes of all wait upon you, and you give them their meat in due season; you open your hand, and satisfied the desire of every living thing, and defend them from danger. Psalm 36:6. Your righteousness is like the great mountains, your judgments are a great deep; O Lord, you preserve man and beast."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is the second act of providence about the creatures?", "answer": "It rules and governs the creatures and their actions; Psalm 66:7. He rules by his power forever, his eyes behold the nations; let not the rebellious exalt themselves."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "How manifold is Divine Providence?", "answer": "It is common and general over all, or special and peculiar to some men; 1 Timothy 4:10. Who is the Savior of all men, especially of those that believe."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "How is providence exercised about sinful actions?", "answer": "In permitting them; Acts 4:16. In restraining them; Psalm 76:10. Surely the wrath of man shall praise you, and the remainder of wrath shall you restrain. And over-ruling them to good; Genesis 50:20. But as for you, you thought evil against me, but God meant it unto good, to bring to pass, as it is this day, to save much people alive."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What are the properties of providence?", "answer": "It is (1.) Holy; Psalm 145:17. The Lord is righteous in all his ways, and holy in all his works. (2.) Wise; Psalm 104:24. O Lord, how manifold are all your works! in wisdom have you made them all. (3.) Powerful? Daniel 4:35. And all the inhabitants of the earth are reputed as nothing, and he does according to his will, in the armies of Heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth, and none can stay his hand, or say unto him, What do you?"}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the first instruction from it?", "answer": "That God's people are safe amidst all their enemies and dangers; 2 Chronicles 16:9. For the eyes of the Lord run to and fro throughout the whole earth, to show himself strong in the behalf of them whose hearts are perfect toward him."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the second instruction from it.", "answer": "That prayer is the best expedient to prosperity and success of our lawful affairs; Psalm 145:18. The Lord is near unto all them that call upon him, to all that call upon him in truth."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the third instruction from it?", "answer": "That God's people should rest quietly in the care of his providence for them in all their straits; Matthew 6:26. Behold the birds of the air, for they sow not, neither do they reap, nor gather into barns; yet our heavenly Father feeds them: are not you much better than they?"}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the last instruction from it?", "answer": "That it is no small privilege to be adopted children of God, and the members of Christ; for all is ordered for their eternal good; Ephesians 1:22, 23. And has put all things under his feet, and gave him to be head over all things to the church, which is his body, the fullness of him that fills all in all. Of the Covenant of Works"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "12", "sort_key": 12, "question": "WHAT special act of providence did God exercise towards man, in the estate wherein he was created?", "answer": "When God created man, he entered into a covenant of life with him, upon condition of perfect obedience, forbidding him to eat of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, upon pain of death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What was God's covenant with Adam before the fall?", "answer": "It was to give life and happiness upon condition of perfect personal obedience; Galatians 3:12. The law is not of faith; but the man that does them shall live in them."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Was this covenant made only with Adam, or with him and his posterity?", "answer": "It was made with him, and all his natural posterity, descending in the ordinary way of generation from him; Romans 5:12. Wherefore as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin, and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned. Verse 14 and 18. Nevertheless, death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression, who is the figure of him that was to come: Therefore as by the offence of one, judgment came upon all men to condemnation; even so by the righteousness of one, the free gift came upon all men unto justification of life."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Was Adam able to perform the obedience required of him in this covenant?", "answer": "Yes; for he was made upright; Ecclesiastes 7:29. God made man upright; but they have sought out many inventions."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Had this covenant any Mediator?", "answer": "No; he neither had, nor needed any Mediator for satisfaction, because no sin was in him; nor intercession, for he wanted nothing."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Did this covenant admit of no repentance, nor accept any shorter endeavors?", "answer": "No, it did not; but sentences and curses the transgressors of it, for the least breach; Galatians 3:10. Cursed is every one that continues not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "How was this threatening fulfilled, of dying the day he eat, seeing he lived 930 years?", "answer": "He died spiritually that day: and though the sentence on his body was respited in order to posterity, yet then his body received the death's wound, of which afterward he died."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the first inference from Adam's covenant?", "answer": "Miserable are all they that grow on the natural root of the first Adam: Galatians 4:21, 22. Tell me, you that desire to be under the law, do you not hear the law? For it is written, that Abraham had two sons, the one by a bond-maid, the other by a free-woman."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the second inference?", "answer": "That God is just in all the punishments and miseries that come upon man; yes, infants that never sinned after his similitude; Romans 5:14. Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the third inference?", "answer": "The glorious privilege of believers who are under a better covenant, established upon better promises; Hebrews 8:6. But now has he obtained a more excellent ministry, by how much also he is the Mediator of a better covenant, which is established upon better promises."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the last inference?", "answer": "That we should pity the unregenerate, especially our own among them; and labor to plant them in the second Adam. Of the Fall of Man"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "13", "sort_key": 13, "question": "DID our first parents continue in the estate wherein they were created?", "answer": "Our first parents being left to the freedom of their own will, fell from the estate wherein they were created, by sinning against God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How does it appear that man is fallen?", "answer": "By the scripture history: An account of it is in Genesis 3:6, 7. And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her, and he did eat. And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked, and they sewed fig-leaves together, and made themselves aprons? and they heard the voice of the Lord God walking in the garden in the cool of the day; and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the Lord God, among the trees of the garden. And the sad experience we all have of it in ourselves; Romans 5:12. Therefore as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin, and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How could man fall, since he was made upright?", "answer": "Though he was upright, yet his will was mutable; and by abusing that liberty, he fell; Ecclesiastes 7:29. Lo, this only have I found, that God has made man upright, but they have sought out-many inventions."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How did God leave him to abuse the freedom of his will?", "answer": "Not by inclining him to abuse it; but by withholding that further grace which he was no way obliged to continue to him."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Did the will of man lose its liberty to good by the Fall?", "answer": "Yes, it did, and is so wounded, that it cannot, without your preventing and regenerating grace, put forth one spiritual and saving act; Ephesians 2:8, 9, 10. For by grace are you saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God. Not of works, least any man should boast; for we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good works, etc."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What was the aggravation of Adam's sin?", "answer": "It was aggravated in his being a public innocent person, so newly placed in a state of happiness and liberty."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the first inference from the fall?", "answer": "That the best creature left to himself, cannot be long safe; as the angels, and Adam; Psalm 49:12. Nevertheless, man being in honor abides not; he is like the beasts that perish."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the second inference?", "answer": "That since man could not be his own keeper, he can be much less his own Savior; 2 Corinthians 3:5. Not that we are sufficient of our selves to think anything as of ourselves; but our sufficiency is of God."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the third inference?", "answer": "That it is impossible for the covenant of works to justify any one; Romans 3:20. Therefore by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight; Romans 8:3. For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh; God sending his own Son, in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin condemned sin in the flesh."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the last inference?", "answer": "What cause have we to bless God for Christ, who recovered us when the fall left us helpless? Romans 5:6. For when we were yet without strength, in due time Christ died for the ungodly. Of Sin"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "14", "sort_key": 14, "question": "WHAT is sin?", "answer": "Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of the law of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is meant by the law?", "answer": "The commands and rules flowing from God's sovereignty, whereby his will is manifested, and the creature bound to obedience."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Where is this law written?", "answer": "It is written either in the heart; Romans 2:25. Which shows the work of the law written in their hearts, (which we call the law; of nature;) or in the Bible, which we call the written moral law."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What conformity is due to the law of God?", "answer": "A twofold conformity is due to it: FIRST, Internal, in our hearts. SECONDLY, External, in our lives; and the want of either is sin; 1 John 3:4. Whoever commits sin, transgresses also the law; for sin is the transgression of the law."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "How does it appear that the want of internal conformity is sin?", "answer": "Because the law requires it; Mark 12:30. And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind, and with all your strength; for this is the first Commandment: And condemns the want of it? Romans 7:7. What shall we say then? Is the law sin? God forbid! nay, I had not known sin but by the law; for I had not known lust except the law had said, You shall not covet."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Is nothing a sin but what is against God's law?", "answer": "No, nothing can be a sin but what God has either expressly, or by consequence, forbidden in his word."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Wherein lies the evil of transgressing God's law?", "answer": "The evil of sin principally lies in the offence and wrong done to God, whose sovereignty it labors to shake off, and despises his will; Psalm 51:4. Against you, you only have I sinned, and done this evil in your sight."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What further evil is in sin?", "answer": "It highly wrongs the sinner's soul by defacing, defiling, and damning it; Proverbs 8:36. But he who sins against me, wrongs his own soul: all they that hate me, love death."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Wherein is the evil of sin manifested?", "answer": "It is manifested in the death of Christ, the terrors of conscience, and torments of Hell."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What course must the sinner take to recover himself out of his misery?", "answer": "Repentance towards God, faith towards Christ, and both evidenced by new obedience; Acts 20:21. Testifying both to the Jews, and also to the Greeks, repentance towards God, and faith towards our Lord Jesus Christ."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What may we infer from hence?", "answer": "That we have infinite cause to bless God for Christ's satisfaction of the law for our sins. Of the Tree of Knowledge"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "15", "sort_key": 15, "question": "WHAT was the sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created?", "answer": "The sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created, was their eating the forbidden fruit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Why was this tree called the tree of knowledge?", "answer": "Not from any natural efficacy it had to give knowledge, but the knowledge he should have by eating, or not eating, was experimental knowledge, that is Knowledge to his sorrow."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Why did God forbid him this tree?", "answer": "FIRST, For the discovery of his dominion over man. SECONDLY, For the trial of his subjection and obedience. THIRDLY, For the aggravation of his sin, if he should eat."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What evil was there in eating of it?", "answer": "There was a twofold evil, the evil of sin, and the evil of punishment, both very great."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What was the evil of sin?", "answer": "A threefold evil of sin. FIRST, Against God, called disobedience; Romans 5:19. For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners. SECONDLY, Against himself, soul, body, and estate. THIRDLY, Against his posterity; Romans 5:12. Wherefore as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What was the evil of punishment?", "answer": "FIRST, Loss of God's image. SECONDLY, Horror of conscience. THIRDLY, Sorrow on the female gender. FOURTHLY, Curse on the creature. FIFTHLY, Expulsion from paradise. SIXTHLY, Death both of body and soul."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the first instruction from it?", "answer": "To take heed of small beginnings of temptations, and to resist it in the first motions; James 3:5. Behold how great a matter a little fire kindles."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the second inference?", "answer": "Not to hold a parley with the tempter; see 2 Corinthians 11:3. But I fear lest by any means, as the serpent beguiled Eve, through his subtlety, so your minds should be corrupted from the simplicity that is in Christ."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the third inference?", "answer": "That Satan's policy lies much in the choice of his tempting instruments; as Eve and Peter, etc."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the fourth inference?", "answer": "A necessity of keeping strong guards on our senses; Isaiah 33:15. That stops his ears from hearing of blood, and shuts his eyes from seeing evil, he shall dwell on high, his place of defense shall be the munition of rocks."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the fifth inference?", "answer": "That covenant-breaking is a heinous sin, which God will punish; Hosea 8:1. He shall come as an eagle against the house of the Lord, because they have transgressed my covenant, and transgressed against my laws."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the last inference?", "answer": "That the corruption of our nature is much seen in desiring forbidden things; Romans 7:7. What shall we say then? Is the law sin? God forbid; Nay, I had not known sin, but by the law; for I had not known lust, except the law had said, You shall not covet. Of the Fall of Adam, and ours in him"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "16", "sort_key": 16, "question": "DID all mankind fall in Adam's first transgression?", "answer": "The covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself, but for his posterity, all mankind descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him in his first transgression.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Did no man ever escape the sin of Adam?", "answer": "Yes, the man Christ Jesus did, and he only; Hebrews 7:26. For such an High Priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefined, separate from sinners."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Why was not Christ tainted with it?", "answer": "Because he came into the world in an extraordinary way; Matthew 1:18. Now the birth of Jesus Christ was on this wise: When as his mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Spirit."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How does it appear all others are tainted with it?", "answer": "It appears by scripture testimony, Romans 5:12. Wherefore as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin, and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned; and experience of the best men, Romans 7:21. I find then a law, that when I would do good, evil is present with me."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "How came all men to fall with Adam?", "answer": "Because all were included in Adam's covenant, as a man's covenant includes his children before they be born, or the treason of the father affects his posterity."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What infer you from hence?", "answer": "The stupendous wisdom of God in sending Christ in our nature, and yet without the sin and taint of it; 1 Corinthians 1:24. Christ the wisdom of God."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the second inference?", "answer": "Hence we learn the admirable love of Christ in taking our nature, with all the sinless infirmities thereof; Romans 8:3. For what the law could not do, in that it was weak, through the flesh, God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin condemned sin in the flesh."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the third inference?", "answer": "The necessity of our union with Christ, in order to our participation of his righteousness and redemption; 1 Corinthians 15:22. For as in Adam all die, so in Christ shall all be made alive."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the fourth inference?", "answer": "Hence we learn the malignant and mortal nature of sin, inasmuch as one sin defiled and destroyed a whole world."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the fifth inference?", "answer": "That though all be not equally sensible of their need, yet one sinner needs Christ as much as another."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the last inference?", "answer": "That no man has any cause or reason to boast of the goodness, of his nature, since the best were by nature under the same sin and misery as the worst; Ephesians 2:3. Among whom also, we all had our conversation in times past, in the lusts of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh, and of the mind, and were by nature the children of wrath even as others. Of Original Sin"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "17", "sort_key": 17, "question": "INTO what estate did the fall bring mankind?", "answer": "The fall brought mankind into a state of sin and misery.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "18", "sort_key": 18, "question": "WHEREIN consists the sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell?", "answer": "The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam's first sin, the want of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called original sin, together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How many sorts of sins are all men under?", "answer": "All men are guilty before God of two sorts of sin; of original, and of actual; Psalm 51:5. Behold I was shaped in iniquity, and in sin did my mother conceive me. Ecclesiastes 7:20. For there is not a just man upon earth, that does good, and sins not."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How can we be guilty of Adam's first sin?", "answer": "We are guilty of it, because Adam sinned not only as a single, but also as a public person, and representative of all mankind: Romans 5:15, 16, 17. But not as the offence, so also is the free gift: for if through the offence of one many be dead; much more the grace of God, and the gift by grace, which is by one man, Jesus Christ, has abounded unto many: And not as it was by one that sinned, so is the gift; for the judgment was by one to condemnation."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How else came we under his guilt?", "answer": "We are guilty of his sin by generation; for we were in his loins, as treason stains the blood of the posterity, or parents leprosy the children: Psalm. 51:5. Behold, I was shaped in iniquity, and in sin did my mother conceive me."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Wherein does it consist?", "answer": "It consists in two things. FIRST, In our aversion and enmity to that which is good; Romans 7:18. In me, that is, in my flesh, there dwells no good thing, SECONDLY, In proneness to that which is evil; Romans 7:14. But I am carnal, sold under sin."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Is this corruption of nature in all men?", "answer": "Yes; in all mere men, and women, none exempted; Rom 3:10 and 23. As it is written, there is none righteous, no not one for all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "In what part of our nature does this sin abide?", "answer": "It abides in the whole man, in every part of man, both soul and body; Genesis 6:5. God saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually; 1 Thessalonians 5:23. Now the God of peace sanctify you wholly; and I pray God your whole spirit, and soul, and body, be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "How is the body infected by it?", "answer": "In the readiness of the bodily members to further sin, and its temptations in the soul; Romans 3:13, 14, 15. Their throat is an open sepulcher, with their tongues they have used deceit, the poison of asps is under their lips, whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness, their feet are swift to shed blood."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What learn we from original sin!", "answer": "To bear patiently the miseries we see on our children, and their death also without murmuring; Romans 5:14. Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the second instruction?", "answer": "It teaches us humility, and should be matter of confession and humiliation, when we sin actually; Psalm 51:5. Behold I was shaped in iniquity, and in sin did my mother conceive me."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the third instruction?", "answer": "It should provoke parents to use their utmost diligence for the conversion of their children who draw sin from them."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the last instruction?", "answer": "It teaches us the necessity of regeneration, and should provoke us greatly to desire it. Of Man's Misery"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "19", "sort_key": 19, "question": "WHAT is the misery of that estate whereinto man fell?", "answer": "All mankind by their Jail lost communion with God, are under his wrath and curse; and so made liable to all the miseries in this life, to death itself, and to the pains of Hell forever.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What communion had God with man before the fall?", "answer": "Man that enjoyed the gracious presence and favor of God with him, which was better than life."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How does it appear this was lost by the fall?", "answer": "It appears by scripture-testimony, that Adam lost it as to himself; Genesis 3:8. And Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the Lord God, among the trees of the garden. And we in him; Ephesians 2:12. At that time you were without Christ, being aliens from the common-wealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenant of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Was this the only misery that came by the fall?", "answer": "No; man did not only lose communion with God, but fell under his wrath and curse; Ephesians 2:3. And were by nature children of wrath, even as others."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Does the wrath and curse of God then lie on all men?", "answer": "It lies on all the unregenerate in the world; Galatians 3:10. Cursed is every one that continues not in all things which are written in the book of the law, to do them: But believers are delivered from it by Christ; 1 Thessalonians 1:10. Even Jesus, which delivered us from the wrath to come."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How are the miseries of man by the fall divided?", "answer": "They are divided into the miseries of this world, and of the World to come."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What are the miseries that come on them in this world?", "answer": "The miseries of life, as sickness, pain, poverty on the body; fear, trouble, sorrow on the mind, and at last death itself; Romans 6 ult. The wages of sin is death."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What are the miseries after this life?", "answer": "The pains and torments of Hell forever; Psalm 9:17. The wicked shall be turned into Hell."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What are the torments of Hell?", "answer": "Pain of loss and pain of sense; Matthew 25:41. Depart from me, you cursed into everlasting fire."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What learn you from hence?", "answer": "The woeful state of the unconverted; miserable here, and miserable to eternity."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What else learn we hence?", "answer": "The great salvation believers have by Christ from all this misery; Hebrews 2:3. How shall we escape, if we neglect so great salvation, which at the first began to be spoken by the Lord, and was confirmed unto us by them that heard him. Of the Salvation of God's Elect, and of the Covenant of Grace"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "20", "sort_key": 20, "question": "DID God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery?", "answer": "God having out of his mere good pleasure, from all eternity, elected some to everlasting life, did enter into a covenant of grace, to deliver them out of the estate of sin and misery; and to bring them into an estate of salvation by a Redeemer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Are some persons chosen to salvation, and others left?", "answer": "Yes: God has chosen some to salvation, and passed by others; as the Scriptures speak; See Romans 8:30. Moreover whom he did predestine, them he also called. And Jude 4. For there are certain men crept in unawares, who were before of old ordained to this condemnation, ungodly men, etc."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Did God chose some, because he foresaw they would be better than others;", "answer": "No: God's choice was not on foreseen works, but merely of his grace, and good pleasure of his will; Ephesians 1:5, 6. Having predestined us unto the adoption of children by Jesus Christ to himself, according to the good pleasure of his will, to the praise of the glory of his grace."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Is this election of God made in time, and that according as men use their free-will, or from eternity?", "answer": "Election is an eternal act of God before the world was, and depends not on man's using his free-will; as appears from Ephesians 1:4, According as he has chosen us in him, before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy, and without blame before him in love."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Shall all that are elected be called and saved?", "answer": "Yes, the scripture is full and plain for it; Acts 13:48. And when the Gentiles heard this, they were glad, and glorified the word of the Lord; and as many as were ordained to eternal life believed. Romans 8:30. Moreover, whom he did predestine, them he also called, etc."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "By whom are the elect saved?", "answer": "By Christ, the only Redeemer; Titus 3:4, 5, 6. But after that the kindness and love of God our Savior towards man appeared not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy, he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Spirit, which he shed on us abundantly through Jesus Christ our Savior."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Is there no other way of salvation but by Christ?", "answer": "No; no other way is revealed in scripture; Acts 4:12. Neither is there salvation in any other: for there is no other name under Heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What learn you from God's election?", "answer": "What cause we have to admire free-grace in our choice, who were no better than others; Ephesians 2:3. And were by nature children of wrath even as others."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the second instruction?", "answer": "It teaches us humility; we made not ourselves to differ, but the free-grace of God made the difference; 1 Corinthians 4:7. For who makes you to differ from another?"}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the third instruction?", "answer": "It teaches us diligence to make our election sure to ourselves, by our calling; 2 Peter 1:10. Wherefore the rather, brethren, give diligence to make your calling and election sure."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the fourth instruction?", "answer": "It is matter of comfort to God's elect, amidst all dangers in the world; 2. Timothy 2:19. Nevertheless, the foundation of God stands sure, having this seal, The Lord knows them that are his. Of the Covenant of Grace"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "21", "sort_key": 21, "question": "WHO is the Redeemer of God's elect?", "answer": "The only Redeemer of God's elect is the Lord Jesus Christ, who, being the eternal Son of God, became man, and so teas, and continues to be God and man, in two distinct natures, and one person forever.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What does the name Redeemer signify?", "answer": "It signifies one that frees another out of captivity and bondage, as Christ did us; Matthew 20:28. And to give his life a ransom for many."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What was the misery from which Christ delivered us?", "answer": "A twofold misery, namely, Sin and Hell. FIRST, Sin; Matthew 1:21. You shall call his name JESUS, for he shall save his people from their sins. SECONDLY, Hell; 1 Thessalonians 1:10. Even Jesus, who delivered us from the wrath to come."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How did Christ deliver us from this misery?", "answer": "FIRST, by price. SECONDLY, By power. By price; 1 Peter 1:18, 19. You are not redeemed with silver and gold from your vain conversation, received by tradition from your fathers; but with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish, and without spot. By power; Colossians 1:13. Who has delivered us from the power of darkness, and has translated us into the kingdom of his dear Son."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "When was the redemption wrought by Christ?", "answer": "It was decreed from eternity; it was actually wrought on the cross; Colossians 1:20. And (having made peace through the blood of his cross) by him to reconcile all things unto himself, by him, I say, whether they be things in earth, or things in Heaven."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How then could they be redeemed that died before?", "answer": "Though Christ's blood was actually shed after the Old Testament believers died: yet the virtue of Christ's death extends to them, as well as us; Hebrews 11:39, 40. And these all, having obtained a good report through faith, received not the promise, God having provided some better things for us, that they without us should not be made perfect."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Why would not God deliver us without such a Redeemer?", "answer": "Because it was not so much for the honor of his justice; Romans 3:25, 26. Whom God has set forth to be a atoning sacrifice through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God. To declare, I say, at this time, his righteousness, that he might be just and the justifier of him who believes in Jesus."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the first instruction from hence?", "answer": "That all that are out of Christ are in a miserable bondage and captivity; John 8:36. If the Son therefore shall make you free, you shall be free indeed."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the second instruction?", "answer": "Hence see the heinous nature of sin, which required such a price to satisfy for it; 1 Peter 1:18, 19. We were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, but with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish, and without spot."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the third instruction from hence?", "answer": "The wonderful love of Christ in redeeming us at such a rate; Revelation 1:5. Who loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the last instruction?", "answer": "This strongly obliges us to a universal holiness; 1 Corinthians 6:20. For you are bought with a price; therefore glorify God in your body, and in your spirit, which are God's. Of Christ's Incarnation"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "22", "sort_key": 22, "question": "HOW did Christ, being the Son of God, become man?", "answer": "Christ the Son of God became man by taking to himself a true body and a reasonable soul, being conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit in the womb of the Virgin Mary, and born of her, yet without sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Who is the only Redeemer of God's elect?", "answer": "The Lord Jesus Christ is their only Redeemer, and there is no other Redeemer besides him; Acts 4:12. Neither is there salvation in any other; for there is none other name under Heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How is he the Son of God, or can be, as no other is so?", "answer": "He is the Son of God by nature, from all eternity, and so no angel or saint is; Hebrews 1:5. For unto which of the angels said he at any time, You are my Son, this day have I begotten you?"}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Why was it necessary he should become man?", "answer": "That he might be capable to suffer death in our room; Hebrews 2:15, 16, 17. For truly he took not on him the nature of angels, but he took on him the seed of Abraham; wherefore in all things it behooved him to be made like unto his brethren, that he might be a merciful and faithful high priest, in things pertaining to God, to make reconciliation for the sins of the people."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Why must the Redeemer be God as well as man?", "answer": "Because the blood of a mere man could not satisfy and redeem us; Acts 20:28. Feed the church of God, which he has purchased with his own blood."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Do these two natures make two persons?", "answer": "No, the human nature is united to the second person, and exists in union with it; John 1:14. And the word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Was the union only for a time?", "answer": "No, it continues and abides forever; Hebrews 7:24. But this man, because he continues ever, has an unchangeable priesthood."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the first instruction from hence?", "answer": "Hence we learn the transcendent love of God to poor sinners; John 3:16. God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whoever believes on him should not perish, but have everlasting life."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the second instruction?", "answer": "Hence we learn the matchless love of Christ, that he should stoop to such a condition for us; 2 Corinthians 8:9. For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though he was rich, yet for your sakes he became poor, that you through his poverty might be made rich."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the third instruction?", "answer": "That the greatest sins are capable of remission to believers; John 1:29. Behold the Lamb of God which takes away the sins of the world."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the fourth instruction?", "answer": "That those that be in Christ need not fear the denial or want of any other mercy; Romans 8:32. He who spared not his own Son, but delivered him up for us all; how shall he not with him also freely give us all things?"}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the fifth instruction;", "answer": "Hence we learn how impious it is to ascribe any part of the glory of redemption to any other besides Christ."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the sixth instruction;", "answer": "This teaches us the miserable condition of all that are out of Christ, and the necessity of their damnation, he being the only Redeemer. Of the Manner of Christ's Incarnation"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "23", "sort_key": 23, "question": "WHAT offices does Christ execute as our Redeemer?", "answer": "Christ, as our Redeemer, does execute the office of a prophet, of a priest, and of a king, both in his estate of humiliation and exaltation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What are the states and conditions of our Redeemer?", "answer": "Christ's states are twofold; namely, his state of humiliation, and his state of exaltation; Philippians 2:8, 9. And being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross: Wherefore God also has highly exalted him, and given him a name above every name."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How many offices belong to Christ in these states?", "answer": "Christ has a threefold office; namely, of a prophet, of a priest, and of a king."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Why does Christ take all these three offices?", "answer": "Because they are all necessary for our salvation, and we have the benefit of them all; 1 Corinthians 1:30. Who of God is made unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Can no man take Christ in one office, and not in another?", "answer": "No; whoever will have the benefit of any one, must receive him in all; Acts 5:31. Him has God exalted with his right hand to be a Prince, and a Savior, for to give repentance unto Israel, and forgiveness of sins."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What respect have the offices of Christ to the promises?", "answer": "The promises flow out of them as out of their fountain; 2 Corinthians 1:20. For all the promises of God in him, are yes, and in him, Amen."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What promises flow out of the prophetic office?", "answer": "All promises of illumination, guidance, and direction flow out of Christ's prophetic office?"}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What promises flow out of the priestly office?", "answer": "All the promises of a pardon and peace flow out of it."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What promises flow out of the kingly office?", "answer": "All the promises of defense, protection, and deliverances."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the first instruction?", "answer": "Hence we learn the completeness of Christ for all the wants of his people; Colossians 2:10. And you are complete in him."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the second instruction?", "answer": "Hence we learn the folly and misery of all those hypocrites that close partially with Christ."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the third instruction?", "answer": "Hence we learn the singular dignity of the Lord Jesus: None ever having had all those offices but Christ."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the last instruction?", "answer": "That faith is a considerate act; and requires much deliberation. Of Christ's Prophetic Office"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "24", "sort_key": 24, "question": "HOW does Christ execute the office of a prophet?", "answer": "Christ executes the office of a prophet, in revealing to us by his word and Spirit, the will of God for our salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What does Christ's prophetic office imply?", "answer": "It implies man's natural blindness and ignorance; 1 Corinthians 2:14. But the natural man receives not the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness unto him; neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What else does it imply?", "answer": "That Christ is the original and fountain of all that light which guides us to salvation; 2 Corinthians 4:6, 7. For God who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, has shined in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How does Christ teach men the will of God?", "answer": "He does it by external revelation of it; Acts 3:22. For Moses truly said to the fathers, A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto me, him shall you hear, in all things, whatever he shall say unto you. And by internal illumination; Luke 24:45. Then opened he their understanding, that they might understand the scripture."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What need then of man's ministry?", "answer": "Very much; for Christ has instituted ministers as instruments, by whom he will teach us; Ephesians 4:11, 12. And he gave some apostles, and some prophets, and some evangelists and some pastors, and teachers, for the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ. Acts 26:18. To open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Can no man savingly know the will of God without the teachings of Christ?", "answer": "No; though common knowledge may be obtained in a natural way, yet not saving; Matthew 11:25. At that time Jesus answered, and said, I thank you, O Father, Lord, of Heaven and earth, because you have hidden these things from the wise and prudent, and have revealed them unto babes."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "How appears it that Christ is appointed to this offiice?", "answer": "We have the written word for it; Acts 3:22. For Moses truly said unto the fathers, A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto me, him shall you hear in all things, whatever he shall say unto you."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the first instruction from hence?", "answer": "None need be discouraged at their natural weakness, if Christ be their teacher; Matthew 11:25. At that time Jesus answered and said, I thank you, O Father, Lord of Heaven and earth, because you have hidden these things from the wise and prudent, and have revealed them unto babes. Psalm. 19:7. The testimonies of the Lord are sure, making wise the simple."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the second instruction?", "answer": "That it is a dreadful judgment to be spiritually blinded under the gospel; 2 Corinthians 4:3, 4. But if our gospel be hiden, it is hidden to them that are lost; in whom the God of this world has blinded the minds of them which believe not, lest the light of the glorious gospel of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine unto them."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the third instruction?", "answer": "That prayer is the best expedient to obtain saving knowledge; James 1:5. If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, that gives to all men liberally, and upbraids not; and it shall be given him."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the last instruction?", "answer": "Learn hence the transcendent excellency of the knowledge of Christ above all other knowledge; Philippians 3:8. Yes, doubtless, I count all things but loss, for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord. Of Christ's Priesthood"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "25", "sort_key": 25, "question": "HOW does Christ execute the office of a priest?", "answer": "Christ executes the office of a priest, in his once offering up of himself a sacrifice to satisfy divine justice, and reconcile us to God, and in making continual intercession for us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the priesthood of Christ in general?", "answer": "It is his expiation of our sins by the sacrifice of himself, and obtaining God's favor for us; Colossians 1:20. And (having made peace through the blood of his cross) by him to reconcile all things unto himself; by him, I say, whether they be things in earth, or things in Heaven."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What are the parts of Christ's priestly office?", "answer": "It has two parts. FIRST, Oblation, or offering of himself; Hebrews 9:14. How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your consciences from dead works, to serve the living God? SECONDLY, Intercession for us; Hebrews 7:25. Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost, that come unto God by him, seeing he ever lives to make intercession for them."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the end of Christ's oblation?", "answer": "The end of it, as to God, was to satisfy his incensed justice; Romans 3:25. Whom God has set forth to be a atoning sacrifice , through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God. And as to men, to put away their sins; Hebrews 9:26. For then must he often have suffered since the foundation of the world; but how once in the end of the world, has he appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is the first difference between Christ and other priests?", "answer": "Other priests offered the blood of beasts; Christ his own blood; Hebrews 9:12. Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood, he entered once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is the second difference?", "answer": "They offered many sacrifices; Christ perfected all by one offering, Hebrews 10:14. For by one offering he has perfected forever them that are sanctified."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What was the sacrifice Christ offered to God?", "answer": "His body; Hebrews 10:10. By the which will we are sanctified, through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. And his soul; Isaiah 53:10. When you shall make his soul an offering for sin."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Whence is the efficacy of this sacrifice?", "answer": "From the divine Person to whom that soul and body was united; Acts 15:28. Feed the church of God, which he has purchased with his own blood."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the first inference from hence?", "answer": "That believers are discharged by Christ from all their sins and debts; Acts 13:39. And by him, all that believe are justified from all things."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the second inference?", "answer": "That it is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of an absolute God; Luke 23:31. For if they do these things in a green tree, what shall be done in the dry?"}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the third inference?", "answer": "That it is impossible for man to satisfy God for his own sins; Psalm 130:3. If you, Lord, should mark iniquities, O Lord, who shall stand?"}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the last inference?", "answer": "That the Christian religion only settles the conscience in peace; Hebrews 9:14. How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your consciences from dead works to serve the living God? Of Christ's Kingly Office"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "26", "sort_key": 26, "question": "HOW does Christ execute the office of a king?", "answer": "Christ executes the office of a king, in subduing us to himself, in ruling and defending us, and in restraining and conquering all his and our enemies.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How manifold is Christ's kingdom?", "answer": "Twofold. FIRST, Internal in men's souls; Luke 17:21. Behold, the kingdom of God is within you. SECONDLY, External, over all the world; Ephesians 1:22. And has put all things under his feet, and gave him to be Head over all things to the church."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the end of Christ's providential kingdom?", "answer": "The good and salvation of the church; John 17:2. As you have given him power over all flesh, that he should give eternal life to as many as you have given him."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Wherein does he exercise his kingly power?", "answer": "In restraining his, and his people's enemies; Psalm 76:10. Surely the wrath of man shall praise you; the remainder of wrath shall you restrain."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "How else is it exercised?", "answer": "In protecting his church amidst all enemies; Exodus 3:3. And Moses said, I will now turn aside, and see this great sight, why the bush is not burnt."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What instruments does Christ use?", "answer": "Angels are ministering spirits to him; Hebrews 1:14. Are they not all ministering spirits, sent forth to minister for them who shall be heirs of salvation; And men, yes, the worst of men; Revelation 12:16. And the earth helped the woman, and the earth opened her mouth, and swallowed up the flood which the dragon cast out of his mouth."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "In what manner does Christ rule the world?", "answer": "By supreme power; Revelation 19:16. He has on his vesture, and on his thigh a name written, King of kings, and Lord of lords. And perfect wisdom; Ephesians 1:11. In whom also we have obtained an inheritance, being predestined according to the purpose of him who works all things after the counsel of his own will."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What learn we from hence?", "answer": "That the church is saved amidst all dangers; Jeremiah 30:11. For I am with you, says the Lord, to save you; though I make a full end of all nations, where I have scattered you, yet will I not make a full end of you."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the second instruction?", "answer": "That the godly may safely trust to Christ's care; 2 Chronicles 16:9. For the eyes of the Lord run to and fro throughout the whole earth, to show himself strong in the behalf of them whose heart is perfect towards him."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the third instruction?", "answer": "That all plots against the church shall surely be defeated; Isaiah 54:17. No weapon that is formed against you shall prosper."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the fourth instruction?", "answer": "It gives the saints full satisfaction in all conditions; Romans 8:28. And we know that all things work together, for good to them that love God, to them that are the called according to his purpose."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the last inference?", "answer": "We should not stand in a slavish fear of men; Isaiah 51:12. I, even I am he who comforts you; who are you, that you should be afraid of a man that shall die, and of the son of man, which shall be made as grass. Of Christ's Humiliation"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "27", "sort_key": 27, "question": "WHEREIN did Christ's humiliation consist?", "answer": "Christ's humiliation consisted in his being born, and that in a low condition, made under the law, undergoing the miseries of this life' the wrath of God, and the cursed death of the cross; in being buried, and continuing under the power of death for a time.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What does Christ's humbling of himself import?", "answer": "His voluntariness in the deepest point of self-denial? Psalm 40:7. Then said I, Lo, I come; in the volume of the book it is written of me."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What was the first act of Christ's humiliation?", "answer": "His taking man's nature on him, with all its sinless infirmities; Romans 8:3. God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin condemned sin in the flesh."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the second part of his humiliation?", "answer": "That mean life he lived in this world, which obscured, his divine glory? Mark 6:3. Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary?"}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What was the first thing in Christ's life that humbled him?", "answer": "The poverty of it; Matthew 7:20. And Jesus says unto him, the foxes have holes, and the birds of the air have nests; but the Son of man has not where to lay his head."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What was the second thing in his life that humbled him?", "answer": "The temptations of Satan, to which he was subject; Matthew 4:1. Then was Jesus led up of the Spirit into the wilderness, to be tempted of the devil, and that for our sakes. Hebrews 2:17. Wherefore in all things it behooved him to be made like unto his brethren, verse 18. For in that he himself has suffered, being tempted, he is able to support them that are tempted."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What was the third thing in Christ's life that humbled him?", "answer": "His subjection to the law; Galatians 1:4. But when the fullness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What was the fourth thing in Christ's life that humbled him?", "answer": "The revilings and contradictions of sinners; Hebrews 12:3. For consider him that endures such contradiction of sinners against himself."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Wherein was Christ humbled in his death?", "answer": "His death was painful and ignominious; Galatians 3:13. Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us: For it is written, cursed is every one that hangs on a tree. Made a curse for us, and deserted in it; Matthew 27:46. And about the ninth hour, Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani; that is to say, My God, My God, why have you forsaken me?"}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the first inference from hence?", "answer": "That lowliness and humility becomes Christ's followers; Matthew 11:29. Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me, for I am meek and lowly in heart."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the second inference?", "answer": "That Christ's love to sinners is astonishingly great; 2 Corinthians 8:9. For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though he was rich, yet for our sakes he became poor, that you through his poverty might be made rich."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the third inference?", "answer": "Christians should be ready to suffer for Christ; 1 Peter 4:1. Forasmuch as Christ has suffered for us in the flesh, arm yourselves likewise with the same mind: for he who has suffered in the flesh has ceased from sin."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the last inference?", "answer": "That humiliation is the true way to exaltation; Matthew 23:12. And whoever shall exalt himself, shall be abased; and he who shall humble himself, shall be exalted. Of Christ's Exaltation"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "28", "sort_key": 28, "question": "WHEREIN consists Christ's exaltation?", "answer": "Christ's exaltation consists in his rising again from the dead on the third day; in ascending up into Heaven, in sitting at the right hand of God the Father, and in coming to judge the world at the last day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the first step of Christ's exaltation?", "answer": "His resurrection from the dead."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How does his resurrection appear?", "answer": "By the scripture prophecies accomplished in him; 1 Corinthians 15:4. And that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day, according to the scriptures."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Why did Christ rise again?", "answer": "To establish our faith, and abolish our sins; 1 Corinthians 15:17. And if Christ be not risen, your faith is vain; you are yet in your sins."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What other end was there of Christ's resurrection?", "answer": "To declare his divine power; Romans 1:4 and declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the Spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead. And to evidence the fullness of his satisfaction; John 16:10. Of righteousness, because I go to my Father, and you see me no more."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Did Christ rise in the same body he laid down?", "answer": "It was substantially the same; John 20:27. Then says he to Thomas, Reach hither your finger, and behold my hands; and reach hither your hand, and thrust it into my side, and be not faithless, but believing."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What does Christ's resurrection teach us?", "answer": "The certainty of our resurrection after death; 1 Corinthians 15:20. But now is Christ risen from the dead, and become the first fruits of them that slept."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the second step of Christ's exaltation?", "answer": "His ascension after forty days into Heaven; Acts 1:2, 3. Until the day in which he was taken up, after that he through the Holy Spirit, had given commandment unto the apostles, whom he had chosen: To whom also he showed himself alive after his passion, by many infallible proofs, being seen of them forty days, and speaking of the things pertaining to the kingdom of God."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Why did Christ stay so long on earth?", "answer": "To assure the truth of his resurrection, and to settle the due government of his church, Acts 1:2, 3."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "For what end did he ascend?", "answer": "To take possession of his glory; John 17:5. And now, Question Father, glorify you me with your own self, with the glory which I had with you before the world was. And that as our fore-runner, Hebrews 6:20. Where the Fore-runner is for us entered, even Jesus, etc."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "In what manner did Christ ascend?", "answer": "Triumphantly, and magnificently; Psalm 47:5. God is gone up with a shout, the Lord with the sound of a trumpet."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What does his ascension teach us?", "answer": "Heavenly-mindedness; Colossians 3:1, 2. If you then be risen with Christ, seek those things which are above, where Christ sits at the right-hand of God; set your affections on things above, and not on things on the earth. And an encouragement in our Christian race; Hebrews 12:1, 2. Wherefore, seeing we also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which does so easily beset us, and let us run with patience the race that is set before us, looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith; who for the joy that was set before him, endured the cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right-hand of the throne of God."}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "29", "sort_key": 29, "question": "HOW are we made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ?", "answer": "We are made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ, by the effectual application of it to us by his Holy Spirit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What did our redemption cost Christ?", "answer": "It cost him his own blood to obtain it; Hebrews 9:12. Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood, he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Can none have the benefit of it, except it be applied to them?", "answer": "No, if Christ be not applied, we cannot be saved; John 1:12. But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Whose work or office is it to apply Christ to us?", "answer": "It is the office and work of God's Spirit; Titus 3:4, 5. But after that the kindness and love of God our Savior towards man appeared, not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Spirit."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What means does the Spirit use in applying Christ?", "answer": "The external means he makes use of, is the ministry of the gospel; 1 Corinthians 3:5. Who then is Paul, and who is Apollos, but ministers by whom you believed?"}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Is this sufficient of itself?", "answer": "No, the blessing and power of the Spirit must accompany it, or Christ cannot be applied; 1 Thessalonians 1:5, 6. For our gospel came not unto you in word only, but also in power, and in the Holy Spirit, and in much assurance, as you know what manner of men we were among you for your sake. And you became followers of us, and of the Lord, having received the word in much affliction, with joy of the Holy Spirit."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "To whom does the Spirit apply Christ?", "answer": "To those that were given him of the Father before the world was; Acts 13:48. And as many as were ordained to eternal life believed. John 14:17. Even the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it sees him not, neither knows him; but you know him, for he dwells with you, and shall be in you."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Is the application of Christ to a soul finished at once?", "answer": "Though the first act of faith unites the soul to Christ, yet it is a continued act; 1 Peter 2:4. To whom coming, as unto a living stone."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What learn we from hence?", "answer": "What a destitute thing the soul is that is out of Christ; Revelation 3:18. Because you say I am rich, and increased with goods, and have need of nothing; and know not that you are wretched and miserable, and poor, and blind, and naked."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What else does it teach us?", "answer": "The riches and dignity of believers. Christ and all his purchases are theirs; 1 Corinthians 3:22, 23. Whether Paul, or Apollos, or Cephas, or the world, or life, or death, or things present, or things to come; all are yours, and you are Christ's, and Christ is God's."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What else does it teach us?", "answer": "The righteousness of God in the destruction of all unbelievers; John 5:40. Mark 16:16. He who believes, and is baptized, shall be saved; but he who believes not shall be damned. Of our Union with Christ"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "30", "sort_key": 30, "question": "HOW does the Spirit apply to us the redemption purchased by Christ?", "answer": "By working faith in us, and thereby uniting us to Christ in our effectual calling.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Can none have saving benefit by Christ, but such as are united to him?", "answer": "No, for as Adam's sin could not hurt us, except we had been in him; so Christ's redemption cannot profit us, except we are in him; 1 Corinthians 1:30. But of him are you in Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What are the bonds of this union?", "answer": "The Spirit on God's part; 1 John 3:24. And he who keeps his commandments, dwells in him, and he in him; and hereby we know that he abides in us, by the Spirit which he has given us. And faith on our part: Ephesians 3:17. That Christ may dwell in your hearts by faith."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the first property of this union?", "answer": "It is an intimate union; Ephesians 5:30. For we are members of his body, of his flesh, and of his bones."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is the second property?", "answer": "It is a union never to be dissolved; Romans 8:35, 38. Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword? For I am persuaded, that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come, nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of God which is in Christ Jesus our Lord."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is the third property of this union?", "answer": "It makes Christ, and all that he has purchased, become ours; 1 Corinthians 3:22, 23. All are yours, and you are Christ's; and Christ is God's."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the fourth property of this union?", "answer": "It is the foundation and root of all our spiritual and acceptable obedience; John 15:4. Abide in me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself, except it abide in the vine; no more can you, except you abide in me."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the first inference from hence?", "answer": "That saving grace in the saints is immortal, being secured to them in and by Christ; Colossians 3:3. Your life is hidden with Christ in God."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the second inference?", "answer": "That the relation between Christ and believers is very near and intimate; Ephesians 5:30. For we are members of his body, of his, flesh, and of his bones."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the third inference?", "answer": "That believers need not be afraid to go down to the grave; Romans 8:38, 39. For I am persuaded, that neither death nor life,-nor any other creature shall be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord. And this union holds after death; Matthew 22:31, 32. But as touching the resurrection of the dead, have you not read that which was spoken unto you by God, saying, I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob? God is not the God of the dead, but the God of the living."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the fourth inference?", "answer": "That in wronging and persecuting the saints, men wrong and persecute Christ himself; Acts 9:4. And he fell to the earth, and heard a voice saying unto him, Saul, Saul, why persecute you me?"}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the fifth inference?", "answer": "That in relieving and refreshing the saints, we relieve and refresh Christ himself; Matthew 25:35, 36. For I was an hungered, and you gave me meat; and I was thirsty, and you gave me drink; I. was a stranger, and you took me in; naked, and you clothed me; I was sick, and you visited me; I was in prison, and you came unto me. Verse 40. Inasmuch as you have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, you have done it unto me."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the last inference?", "answer": "That there is a sympathy in Christ, under all the pressures and grievances of his people; Hebrews 4:15. We have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities, but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin. Of Effectual Calling"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "31", "sort_key": 31, "question": "WHAT is effectual calling?", "answer": "Effectual calling is the work of God's Spirit, whereby convincing us of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, he does persuade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ, freely offered to us in the gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What makes the difference between effectual and ineffectual calling?", "answer": "Ineffectual calling is, when men have nothing but the external sound of the gospel; Matthew 20:16. For many be called, but few chosen. Effectual is, when the Spirit works in conjunction with the word; John 6:45. It is written in the prophets, And they shall be all taught of God; every man therefore that has heard, and has learned of the Father, comes unto me."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the first act of the Spirit in effectual calling?", "answer": "Conviction of sin; John 16:8. And when he is come, he will reprove the world of sin."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Do the called of God hear any voice from Heaven?", "answer": "Ordinarily it is a call without sound, yet as efficacious as an audible voice from Heaven."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is the second act of the Spirit in our effectual calling?", "answer": "The illumination of the mind in the knowledge of Christ; Acts 26:18. To open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "In what things does it enlighten them?", "answer": "In this; That Christ is their only remedy; Acts 4:12. Neither is there salvation in any other; for there is none other name under Heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved. And their all-sufficient remedy; Hebrews 7:25. Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the third act?", "answer": "His renewing of the sinner's will, and making it flexible; Psalm 110:3. Your people shall be willing in the day of your power. Ezekiel 36:26. A new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you, and I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you an heart of flesh."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Can no man come to Christ until thus enabled?", "answer": "No; it is not in the power of man's nature or will, until thus renewed and enabled; Ephesians 1:19, 20. And what is the exceeding greatness of his power to us-ward, who believe, according to the working of his mighty power, which he wrought in Christ, when he raised him from the dead, and set him on his own right-hand in the heavenly places. John 6:44. No man can come to me except the Father, which has sent me, draw him."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What sort of men are most ordinarily called?", "answer": "The poor and mean ones in the world; 1 Corinthians 1:26. For you see your calling, brethren, how that not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, are called; but God has chosen the foolish things of the world to confound the wise; and God has chosen the weak things of the world to confound the things which are mighty."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the first instruction from it?", "answer": "Souls effectually called are never lost; Romans 11:29. For the gifts and calling of God are without repentance."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the second instruction?", "answer": "All things co-operate to their good; Romans 8:28. For we know that all things work together for good to them that love God, to them who are called according to his purpose."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the third instruction?", "answer": "It is dangerous to refuse God's call; Proverbs 1:24. Because I have called, and you have refused, I have stretched out my hand, and no man regarded."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the last instruction?", "answer": "That Christians are obliged to walk suitably to their heavenly calling; 1 Thessalonians 2:12. That you would walk worthy of God, who has called you into his kingdom and glory. Of the Concomitants of Effectual Calling"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "32", "sort_key": 32, "question": "WHAT benefits do they that are effectually called partake of in this life?", "answer": "They that are effectually called do in this life partake of justification, adoption, and sanctification, and the several benefits which in this life do either accompany or flow from them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Are all that be effectually called, justified?", "answer": "Yes; God justifies all, and every soul that obeys and answers his call; Romans 8:30. Whom he called, them he also justified."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What other benefits have the called in this life?", "answer": "They are all the adopted children of God; Ephesians 1:5. Having predestined us unto the adoption of children, by Jesus Christ, unto himself, according to the good pleasure of his will."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Are those all the benefits the called receive?", "answer": "No; they are not only justified and adopted, but also sanctified; 1 Corinthians 1:30. But of him are you in Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us wisdom, righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Do these three blessings come singly to the called?", "answer": "No; they are all accompanied with multitudes of other blessings flowing from them; Ephesians 1:3. Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us with all spiritual blessings, in heavenly places in Christ."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What are the mercies flowing from justification?", "answer": "They are great and manifold; Romans 5:1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom also we have access by faith into this grace wherein we stand, and rejoice in hope of the glory of God."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What are the benefits flowing from adoption?", "answer": "Free access to God; Ephesians 3:12. In whom we have boldness and access with confidence by the faith of him. And a title to Heaven; Romans 8:17. If children, then heirs."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What blessings accompany sanctification?", "answer": "Union with Christ; Hebrews 2:11. For both he who sanctifies, and those who are sanctified, are all of one. And right to the inheritance; Acts 20:32. And now, brethren, I commend you to God, and to the word of his grace, which is able to build you up, and to give you an inheritance among all them which are sanctified."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the first lesson from hence?", "answer": "That they are enemies to their own souls, who obey not the gospel call; 2 Thessalonians 1:8. In flaming fire, taking vengeance on them that know not God, and that obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the second lesson from hence?", "answer": "That the estate of believers abounds with spiritual privileges; 1 Corinthians 3:22, 23. Whether Paul, or Apollos, or Cephas, or the world, or life or death, or things present, or things to come, all are yours, and you are Christ's, and Christ is God's."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the third lesson from hence?", "answer": "That all the believer's privileges are not in hope, but some in hand; 1 John 3:1. Behold what manner of love the Father has bestowed upon us, that we should be called the sons of God."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the fourth lesson from hence?", "answer": "The greatest sufferers for Christ have no reason to repent their call; Romans 8:18. For I reckon, that the sufferings of this present. time are not worthy to be compared with the glory that shall be revealed in us."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the last lesson from hence?", "answer": "That we have infinite reason to bless God for the gospel, by which we are called; 2 Thessalonians 2:14. Whereunto he called you by our gospel. Of Justification"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "33", "sort_key": 33, "question": "WHAT is justification?", "answer": "Justification is an act of God's free grace, wherein he pardons all our sins, and accepts us as righteous in his sight, only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us, and received by faith alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What are the parts of justification?", "answer": "It consists of two parts. FIRST, The pardon of sin; Acts 13:39. And by him all that believe are justified from all things, from which you could not be justified by the law of Moses. SECONDLY, The acceptance of our persons as righteous; Romans 5:1, 2, 3. Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God, through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom also we have access by faith into this grace wherein we stand, and rejoice in hope of the glory of God."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Whose act is it to justify sinners?", "answer": "It is the act of God alone; Romans 8:33. It is God that justifies. Man's justifying of himself is nothing: Luke 16:15. And he said unto them, You are they which justify yourselves before men, but God knows your hearts; for that which is highly esteemed among men, is abomination in the sight of God. Nor other men's justifying of us; Revelation 3:1. I know your works, that you have a name to live, and are dead."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Is there anything in man to merit his justification?", "answer": "No; it is an act of free grace in God; Romans 3:24. Being justified freely by his grace, through the redemption which is in Jesus Christ."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "If it be not for any inherent righteousness; how then?", "answer": "It is for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us; Romans 4:6. Even as David also describes the blessedness of the man unto whom God imputes righteousness without works."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How is Christ's righteousness made ours?", "answer": "By application of it to us by faith; Galatians 2:16. Knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Jesus Christ, that we might be justified by faith in Christ, and not by the works of the law; for by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Is it not partly by Christ's righteousness made ours, and partly our own?", "answer": "No; by Christ's righteousness, without any mixture of ours; Romans 3:28. Therefore we conclude, that a man is justified by faith without the deeds of the law."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "But does not James say otherwise, James 2:14. What does it profit, my brethren, though a man say he has faith and have not works; Can faith save him?", "answer": "The two apostles contradict not one another; Paul speaks of justification before God; and James of justifying our faith before men."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Is no regard then to be had to good works?", "answer": "Yes, very great; they that believe must be careful to maintain good works; Titus 3:8. That they which have believed in God might be careful to maintain good works. These things are good and profitable unto men."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Why can none be justified by works?", "answer": "Because all are guilty before God; Romans 3:29. Is he the God of the Jews only? Is he not also of the Gentiles? Yes, of the Gentiles also. And the law curses all that are under guilt; Galatians 3:10. Cursed is every one that continues not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the first inference from hence?", "answer": "The happy state of believers who are now at peace with God; Romans 5:1. Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ. And whom he justifies he glorificth. Romans 8:30. Whom he justified, them he also glorified."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the second inference from hence?", "answer": "The excellency and necessity of faith; Romans 3:30. The circumcision is justified by faith, and the uncircumcision through faith."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the third inference?", "answer": "That the greatness of sin is no bar to faith, since it is the righteousness of Christ that justifies; 2 Corinthians 5:21. For he has made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin, that we may be made the righteousness of God in him."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the last inference?", "answer": "That believers ought to be exceeding humble, and far from boasting. The law of faith excludes boasting; Romans 3:27. Where is boasting then? It is excluded: By what law? of works? nay, but by the law of faith. Of Adoption"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "34", "sort_key": 34, "question": "WHAT is adoption?", "answer": "Adoption is an act of God's free grace, whereby we are received into the number, and have a right to all the privileges of the sons of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How many sorts of sons are there?", "answer": "There is one by generation, and another by adoption; John 1:12, 13. But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe in his name; which were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What moves God to adopt any man?", "answer": "Nothing but his free love; 1 John 3:1. Behold what manner of love the Father has bestowed on us, that we should be called the sons of God."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Is this privilege common to all men?", "answer": "No; it is peculiar to them that receive him; John 1:12. But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is the first property of adoption?", "answer": "It is a costly relation; Galatians 4:4. When the fullness of time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law, to redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of sons."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is the second property of adoption?", "answer": "It is an high and honorable relation; 1 John 3:1. Behold what manner of love the Father has bestowed on us, that we should be called the sons of God."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the third property of adoption?", "answer": "It is a free relation on God's part; Ephesians 1:4, 5. According as he has chosen us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love. Having predestined us unto the adoption of children, by Jesus Christ to himself, according to the good pleasure of his will. And it makes us free; John 8:36. If the Son therefore shall make you free, you shall be free indeed."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the fourth property of adoption?", "answer": "It is a permanent relation; John 8:35. The Son abides in the house forever."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the first privilege of the adoption?", "answer": "They have a saving interest in God, as children in a father; 2 Corinthians 6:18. And I will be a Father unto you, and you shall be my sons and daughters, says the Lord Almighty."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the second privilege?", "answer": "Being God's sons, they are heirs of God, and joint heirs with Christ; Romans 8:17. And if children, then heirs, heirs of God, and joint heirs with Christ."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What was the third privilege?", "answer": "Seasonable and sanctified afflictions; Hebrews 12:6. He scourges every son whom he receives."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the fourth privilege?", "answer": "The attendance and ministry of angels; Hebrews 1:14. Are they not all ministering spirits, sent forth to minister for them who shall be heirs of salvation?"}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the fifth privilege?", "answer": "The assistance of the Spirit in prayer; Romans 8:15. For we have not received the spirit of bondage again to fear, but you have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba, Father. And God's audience of their prayers; 1 John 5:14. And this is the confidence that we have in him, That if we ask anything according to his will, he hears us."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What use should we make of this?", "answer": "It teaches us to carry ourselves as children to our heavenly Father. FIRST, In our imitation of him; Ephesians 5:1. be therefore followers of God, as dear children. SECONDLY, In our submission to him; Hebrews 12:9. Furthermore, we have had fathers of our flesh, who corrected us, and we gave them reverence; shall we not much rather be in subjection to the Father of spirits, and live? THIRDLY, In our dependence on him; Matthew 5:32. For your heavenly Father knows that you have need of all these things. Of Sanctification"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "35", "sort_key": 35, "question": "WHAT is sanctification?", "answer": "Sanctification is the work of God's free grace, whereby we are renewed in the whole man after the image of God, and are enabled more and more to die unto sin, and live unto righteousness.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What are the parts of sanctification?", "answer": "Dying unto sin, and living unto God; Romans 6:11. Likewise reckon you also yourselves to be dead indeed unto sin, but alive unto God, through Jesus Christ our Lord."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Who is the Author of sanctification?", "answer": "God only; Jude verse 1. To them that are sanctified by God the Father."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the instrument of it?", "answer": "The word of God; John 17:17. sanctify them through your truth; your word is truth."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What part of man is sanctified?", "answer": "Every part, both of soul and body; 1 Thessalonians 5:23. And the very God of peace sanctify you wholly; and I pray God your whole spirit, soul, and body be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Is sanctification perfected at once?", "answer": "No; but by degrees; 2 Peter 3:18. But grow in grace, and in the knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "When will it be made perfect?", "answer": "When we come to Heaven, and not before; 1 Corinthians 13:10, 11. But when that which is perfect is come, then that which is in part shall be done away."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What are the signs of true sanctification?", "answer": "When it runs into all parts of our conversation; 1 Peter 1:15. But as he which has called you is holy, so be holy in all manner of conversation. SECONDLY, And continues to the end; Revelation 22:11. Let him that is holy be holy still."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the inseparable companion of sanctification?", "answer": "Righteousness towards men; Luke 1:74, 75. That he would grant unto us, that we being delivered out of the hands of our enemies, might serve him without fear, in holiness, and righteousness before him all the days of our life."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is opposite to sanctification?", "answer": "All filthiness of flesh and spirit; 2 Corinthians 7:1. Having therefore these promises, dearly beloved, let us cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of flesh and spirit."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the privilege of the sanctified?", "answer": "They are all elected, and shall be glorified; 1 Peter 1:2, 4. Elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through sanctification of the Spirit-to an inheritance incorruptible and undefiled, and that fades not away, reserved in Heaven for you."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the case of them who live and die unsanctified?", "answer": "They shall never see God; Hebrews 12:14. Follow peace with all men, and holiness; without which no man shall see the Lord."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What differences true from pretended sanctification?", "answer": "True sanctification purges the heart from the love of sin; Romans 7:15. For that which I do, I allow not. And the life from the dominion of sin; Romans 6:19. As you have yielded your members servants to impurity, and to iniquity unto iniquity; even so now yield your members servants to righteousness, unto holiness."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "May great sinners be sanctified?", "answer": "Yes; the Spirit of God can sanctify the vilest heart; 1 Corinthians 6:11. And such were some of you; but you are washed, but you are sanctified. Of Assurance, the Fruit of Justification"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "36", "sort_key": 36, "question": "WHAT are the benefits which in this life do either accompany or flow from justification, adoption, and sanctification?", "answer": "The benefits which in this life do either accompany, or flow from justification, adoption, and sanctification, are assurance of God's love, peace of conscience, joy in the Holy Spirit, increase of grace, and perseverance therein to the end.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Is assurance possible to be attained in this life?", "answer": "Yes; for some have had it; Canticles 6:3. I am my beloved's, and my beloved is mine. And all Christians are commanded to strive for it; 2 Peter 1:10. Wherefore the rather, brethren, give diligence, to make your calling and election sure."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How many sorts of assurance are there?", "answer": "There is an objective assurance; 2 Timothy 2:19. Nevertheless, the foundation of God stands sure, having this seal, The Lord knows them that are his. And a subjective or personal assurance; Galatians 2:20. Who loved me, and gave himself for me."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Is personal assurance perfect in this life?", "answer": "No; It admits of doubts and fears, which interrupts it, and it is not always at one height; 1 Corinthians 13:10. When that which is perfect is come, then that which is in part shall be done away."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "On what testimony is personal assurance built?", "answer": "Upon the testimony of God's Spirit witnessing with ours; Romans 8:16. The Spirit itself bears witness with our spirit, that are the children of God."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Does the Spirit make use of signs in us to assure us?", "answer": "Yes; ordinarily he does; 1 John 3:14. We know that we are passed from death to life, because we love the brethren. And verse 24. Hereby we know that he abides in us, by the Spirit which he has given us."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "How is true assurance discerned from presumption?", "answer": "True assurance humbles the soul; Galatians 2:20. I am crucified with Christ: nevertheless I live: yet not I, but Christ lives in me. And makes the soul afraid of sin; 2 Corinthians 7:1. Having therefore these promises, dearly beloved, let us cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of the flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the usual season of assurance?", "answer": "The time of greatest sufferings for Christ; 1 Peter 4:14. If you be reproached for the name of Christ, happy are you; for the Spirit of glory and of God rests upon you."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Is personal assurance absolutely necessary to salvation?", "answer": "No; a man may be saved, and in Christ, without it; Isaiah 50:10. Who is among you that fears the Lord, that obeys the voice of his servant, that walks in darkness, and has no light? Let him trust in the name of the Lord, and stay upon his God."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the fruit of assurance?", "answer": "Joy unspeakable amidst outward troubles; Romans 5:11. And not only so, but we also joy in God, through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom we have now received the atonement."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What sins usually eclipse our assurance?", "answer": "Negligence in duty starves it; 2 Peter 1:10. Give diligence to make your calling and election sure: For if you do these things you shall never fall. And sinning against light, stabs it; Psalm 51:8. Make me to hear joy and gladness; that the bones which you have broken may rejoice."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the first inference from this doctrine?", "answer": "That no unregenerate person can have any assurance; for it is the fruit of justification, adoption, and sanctification."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the second inference?", "answer": "That all the joys of Heaven are not to come; but some communicated in this life; 1 Peter 1:8. Whom having not seen you love; in whom though now you see him not, yet believing, you rejoice with joy unspeakable, and full of glory."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the third inference?", "answer": "That assured believers need to be circumspect persons, that they grieve not the Spirit; Ephesians 4:30. And grieve not the holy Spirit of God, whereby you are sealed unto the day of redemption. Of Peace of Conscience"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "37", "sort_key": 37, "question": "WHAT benefits do believers receive from Christ at their death?", "answer": "The souls of believers are at their death made perfect in holiness, and do immediately pass into glory; and their bodies being still united to Christ, do rest in their graves until the resurrection.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the state of perfect holiness?", "answer": "It consists in a perfect freedom from sin, or the least inclinations to sin; Ephesians 5:27. That he might present it to himself a glorious church, not having spot or wrinkle, or any such thing; but that it should be holy and without blemish."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Wherein else does perfection consist?", "answer": "It consists in the attainment of the highest measures and degrees of holiness the creature is capable of; Ephesians 4:12, 13. For the perfecting of the saints,-Until we all come in the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Cannot this be attained while in the body?", "answer": "No, for here all our graces are imperfect; 2 Corinthians 13:12. For How we see through a glass darkly; but then face to face. And we live at a distance from God; 2 Corinthians 5:6. While we are at home in the body, we are absent from the Lord."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "How is this attained at death?", "answer": "At death the roots of sin are pulled up out of the believer's nature; Hebrews 12:23. And to the spirits of just men made perfect."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Why must the soul be made perfect at death?", "answer": "Because the purity of the heavenly state admits no sin or imperfection; Revelation 21:27. And there shall never enter into it anything that defiles, neither whatever works abomination, or makes a lie, but they which are written in the Lamb's book of life."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the first inference from hence?", "answer": "That death should be lovely and desirable in the eyes of believers; Philippians 1:23. Having a desire to depart, and to be with Christ; which is far better."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the second inference?", "answer": "That God has provided singular relief for his people that now groan under their sins, and many imperfections: 1 Corinthians 13:12. For now we see through a glass darkly; but then face to face: Now I know in part; but then shall I know even as I am known."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the third inference?", "answer": "That the heavenly state is infinitely above and beyond whatever we enjoy here; 1 Corinthians 2:9. But as it is written, eye has not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man, the things which God has prepared for them that love him."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the fourth inference?", "answer": "That believers are but at a small distance from the satisfaction of all their desires; Romans 13:11. For now is our salvation nearer than when we believed."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the fifth inference?", "answer": "That the saints should earnestly pursue that perfection, even in this imperfect state; Philippians 3:13, 14. Brethren, I count not myself to have apprehended; but this one thing I do, forgetting those things which are behind, and reaching forth to those things which are before, I press towards the mark, for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the sixth inference.", "answer": "That death to the saints is better than life; Philippians 1:21. For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the last inference.", "answer": "That faith is absolutely necessary to entitle us to this perfect state. Of immediate Glorification"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "38", "sort_key": 38, "question": "WHAT benefit do believers receive from Christ at the resurrection?", "answer": "At the resurrection believers being raised up in glory, shall be openly acknowledged, and acquitted in the day of judgment, and made perfectly blessed in the full enjoyment of God to all eternity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is it to be acknowledged by Christ?", "answer": "It is Christ's owning of the special relation between him and them; Mat 25:34. Come you blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Whom will Christ acknowledge for his?", "answer": "Such as confess Christ now; Matthew 10:32. Whoever therefore shall confess me before men, him will I confess also before my Father which is in Heaven."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Before whom will Christ confess them?", "answer": "Before his Father, angels and men; Revelation 3:5. He who overcomes, the same shall be clothed in white clothing, and I will not blot out his name out of the book of life, but I will confess his name before my Father, and before his angels."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Who shall be denied by Christ in that day?", "answer": "All that now deny Christ, shall be denied by him; 2 Timothy 2:12. If we deny him, he also will deny us, Titus 1:16. They profess that they know God; but in works hey deny him, being abominable, and disobedient, and unto every good work reprobate."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Why will Christ openly acknowledge them?", "answer": "To wipe off all aspersions and censures that now are cast upon them; Isaiah 66:5. Your brethren that hated you, that cast you out for my name's sake, said, Let the Lord be glorified; but he shall appear to your joy, and they shall be ashamed."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What will be the effect of Christ's acknowledgment?", "answer": "It will put a full end to all doubts, fears and jealousies of themselves; 1 Corinthians 4:3, 4. But with me it is a very small thing that I should be judged of you, or of man's judgment; yes, I judge not my own self; for I know nothing by myself, yet I am not hereby justified; but he who judges me, is the Lord."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What other effect will it produce in them?", "answer": "Joy unspeakable and transcendent: hence called time of refreshing; Acts 3:19. When the time of refreshing shall come from the presence of the Lord."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Is this the only time Christ acknowledged! them?", "answer": "No; he acknowledged them by his Spirit's testimony now, but that is private in their bosoms; Romans 8:16. The Spirit itself bears witness with our spirits, that we are the children of God."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the first inference from hence?", "answer": "To warn all how they pass rash censures on Christ's servants; Psalm 73:15. If I say, I will speak thus; behold I should offend against the generation of your children."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the second inference?", "answer": "Let none be afraid or ashamed to confess the person, office, or any truth of Christ, for any loss or danger that may threaten them; Luke 12:8, 9. Also I say unto you, Whoever shall confess me before men, him shall the Son of man also confess before the angels of God. But he who denies me before men, shall be denied before the angels of God."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the third inference?", "answer": "Let Christians abound in good works. Every act of charity for Christ shall be acknowledged by him in the day of judgment; Matthew 25:35. For I was an hungered, and you gave me meat; I was thirsty, and you gave me drink; I was a stranger, and you took me in."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the last inference?", "answer": "Let all Christians love and long for the day of Christ's appearing; 2 Timothy 4:8. Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous Judge shall give me at that day, and not to me only, but unto them also that love his appearing. Of Christ's acquitting Believers"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "39", "sort_key": 39, "question": "WHAT is the duty that God requires of man?", "answer": "The duty which God requires of man is obedience to his revealed will.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Is obedience to God's will the duty of every man?", "answer": "It is unquestionably the duty of every man to obey the will of God, so far as he has made it known to him; Micah 6:8. He has showed you, O man, what is good: and what does the Lord require of you, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "On what account is man's obedience due to God?", "answer": "It is due to him, FIRST, as he is our Creator, in whom we live, and move, and have our being; Acts 17:27, 28. SECONDLY, As he is our Benefactor, from whom we receive all our mercies; Deuteronomy 28:47. Because you served not the Lord your God with joyfulness, and with gladness of heart, for the abundance of all things; therefore shall you serve your enemies, which the Lord shall send against you, in hunger, thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things. THIRDLY, As he is our Lord, and lawgiver; James 4:12. There is one Lawgiver, who is able to save and to destroy."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Is obedience due to none but God only?", "answer": "Yes; subjects must obey their lawful magistrates; Romans 13:1. Let every soul be subject to the higher powers, for there is no power but of God; The powers that be are ordained of God. People their ministers; Hebrews 13:17. Obey them that have the rule over you, and submit yourselves, for they watch for your souls, as they that must give an account. Children their parents; Ephesians 6:1. Children obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. But not as they are to obey God."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is the difference between our obedience to God's commands, and men's?", "answer": "We are to obey God, chiefly and supremely, for his own sake, but creatures secondarily, and for God's sake; 1 Peter 2:13. Submit yourselves to every ordinance of men for the Lord's sake. And Ephesians 6:1. Children obey your parents [in the Lord,] for this is right."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What must we do when the commands of God and men fall cross to one another?", "answer": "In that case we must yield our obedience to God, and not to man, whatever we suffer for it; Acts 4:19. Whether it be right in the sight of God, to hearken unto you more than unto God judge you."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Why must we obey God rather than man?", "answer": "Because God is the supreme and sovereign Lord of our consciences; and no creature has power to command our obedience but in and from him; Isaiah 33:22. For the Lord is our judge, the Lord is our lawgiver, the Lord is our king, he will save us."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Have the people liberty to compare the laws of God and men, and judge how they agree or differ?", "answer": "Yes; their judgment of discretion is both commanded; 1 Corinthians 1:10, 15. I speak as to wise men; judge you what I say. And commended; Acts 17:11. These were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the only rule for our obedience to God?", "answer": "The will of God revealed in the scriptures is our only rule of obedience; Isaiah 8:20. To the law and to the testimony; if they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "But if a man have a voice, a vision, or a dream, seeming to hint the secret will of God, may he not obey it?", "answer": "Yes; if it be consonant to the revealed will of God in the word, otherwise not; Deuteronomy 29:29. The secret things belong unto the Lord our God; but those things which are revealed, belong unto us, and to our children forever, that we may do all the words of this law."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the first instruction from hence?", "answer": "That it is highly sinful and dangerous to disobey the known will of God in anything; Romans 1:18. For the wrath of God is revealed from Heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men who hold the truth in unrighteousness. Luke 12:47. And that servant which knew his Lord's will, and prepared not himself, neither did according to his will, shall be beaten with many stripes."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the second instruction?", "answer": "That is a blessed man, who conscientiously labors to obey the will of God, so far as he can discover it; John 13:17. If you know these things, happy are you if you do them. Galatians 6:16. And as many as walk according to this rule, peace be on them, and mercy."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the third inference?", "answer": "It is highly sinful and dangerous to command others, or obey commands from others, which are not according to God's command; Hosea 5:11. Ephraim is oppressed and broken in judgment, because he willingly walked after the commandment. Jeremiah 7:31. And they have built the high places of Tophet, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to burn their sons and their daughters in the fire, which I commanded them not, neither came it into my heart. Of the Moral Law"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "40", "sort_key": 40, "question": "WHAT did God at first reveal to man for the rule of his obedience?", "answer": "The rule which God at first revealed to man for his obedience, was the moral law.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "41", "sort_key": 41, "question": "Wherein is the moral law summarily comprehended?", "answer": "The moral law is summarily comprehended in the ten commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Is every man under the direction and obligation of law?", "answer": "Yes; man being a reasonable creature, is capable of, and fitted for government by law, which other creatures are not; and being an accountable creature to God, must needs be under a law; Romans 2:15. Which show the works of the law written in their hearts; their consciences also bearing witness, and their thoughts the mean while accusing, or else excusing one another."}, {"item_id": "2 ", "question": "How could man be under a law before the law was given by Moses?", "answer": "Before ever the law was given at Sinai, all the race of Adam had a law written in their hearts, namely, the light of reason, and dictates of natural conscience; Romans 2:14. For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, these having not the law, are a law unto themselves. And besides this, the church had the revealed will of God to direct them; 2 Peter 1:19, 20. We have also a more sure word of prophecy, whereunto you do well to take heed, as unto a light that shines in a dark place, until the day dawn, and the day star arise in your hearts. Knowing this first, that no prophecy of the scripture is of any private interpretation."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the meaning of the moral law?", "answer": "It is not a law to direct and order our manners; but a law that binds universally and perpetually, as the ten commandments do those to whom they are promulged, and the light of nature does all others; Romans 2:14. For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, these having not the law, are a law unto themselves. Luke 16:17. It is easier for Heaven and earth to pass, than one tittle of the law to fail."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Why is it said to be summarily comprehended in the ten commandments?", "answer": "Because much more is included in every command than is expressed, as our Savior shows in his exposition of it; Matthew 22:40. On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Does the moral law bind Christians under the gospel?", "answer": "Yes, it does, as a rule to order their conduct by; James 2:8, 9, 10. If you fulfill the royal law according to the scripture, You shall love your neighbor as yourself; you do well: But if you have respect to persons, you commit sin, and are convinced of the law as transgressors; for whoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, is guilty of all."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Is the moral law the same thing with the covenant of works, and imposed for the same end?", "answer": "God never designed the law to be the way of man's justification since the fall; Galatians 3:21, 22. Is the law then against the promises of God? God forbid! for if there had been a law given which could have given life, truly righteousness would have been by the law; but the scripture has concluded all under sin, that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe. But it was promulged to convince man of sin; Romans 7:7. What shall we say then? Is the law sin? God forbid! Nay, I had not known sin, but by the law; for I had not known lust except the law had said, You shall not covet. And bring them to Christ; Galatians 3:24. Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster, to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the first inference from hence?", "answer": "Hence we learn the abominable nature of Popery. The Pope being that lawless one, who will not be bound by the laws of God himself; 2 Thessalonians 2:8. Then shall that wicked one be revealed whom the Lord shall consume with the Spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming; but assumes power to dispense with God's laws to others."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the second inference hence?", "answer": "That man dies not as beasts die; which are under no moral law, and therefore capable of no sin; but must come to judgment after death; Ecclesiastes 3:21. Who knows the spirit of man that goes upward, and the spirit of the beast that goes downward to the earth? Hebrews 9:27. And as it is appointed unto men once to die, so after this the judgment."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the third inference hence?", "answer": "That though the actions of men naturally considered are transient, yet their consequences and effects are permanent; an act is soon done, a word soon spoken, a thought soon thought; but when done, spoken, or thought, they are placed to account; Galatians 6:7, 8. Be not deceived, God is, not mocked; for whatever a man sows, that shall he also reap; for he who sows to the flesh, shall of the flesh reap corruption; but he who sows to the spirit, shall of the spirit reap life everlasting."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the fourth inference from hence?", "answer": "That God will proceed with men by different rules in the day of judgment, according to the different laws they lived under in this world; Romans 2:12. For as many as have sinned without law shall also perish without law; and as many as have sinned in the law, shall be judged by the law."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the fifth inference from hence?", "answer": "That those who have sinned against the clearest light, and best helps, will, if they die impenitent, be judged to the greatest misery; Matthew 11:23. And you, Capernaum, which are exalted unto Heaven, shall be brought down to Hell; for if the mighty works which have been done in you, had been done in Sodom, it would have remained until this day. Hebrews 2:3. How shall we escape if we neglect so great salvation."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the sixth inference from hence?", "answer": "That we are to prize the moral law highly, as a rule of life; Psalm 119:105. Your word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path: So are we to bless God for the gospel dispensation, by which only we can attain to justification and salvation; Hebrews 12:22. But you are come to mount Zion, and unto the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, to an innumerable company of angels. Of love to God and Man"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "42", "sort_key": 42, "question": "WHAT is the sum of the ten commandments?", "answer": "The sum of the ten commandments is to love the Lord our God with all our heart, with all our soul, with all our strength, and with all our mind, and our neighbor as ourselves.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the sum of the ten commandments?", "answer": "To love the Lord our God with a supreme love, and men with a sincere love, in and for him; Matthew 22:37, 38. Jesus said unto him, You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind. This is the first and great commandment: The second is like unto it, You shall love your neighbor as yourself."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the first thing contained in our supreme love to God?", "answer": "It implies the loving of God purely and absolutely for himself. The excellencies that are in him; Canticles 1:3. Your name is as ointment poured forth; therefore the virgins love you. And the benefits we receive from him; Psalm 116:1. I love the Lord, because he has heard my voice and my supplication."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the second property of this supreme love?", "answer": "Supreme love denotes the whole man to God and Christ: So that in life and death that man designs the glory of God as his main end; Romans 14:7, 8. For none of us lives to himself, and no man dies to himself; for whether we live, we live unto the Lord, and whether we die, we die unto the Lord; whether we live therefore or die, we are the Lord's."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is the third property of supreme love?", "answer": "It causes the soul to depreciate and slight all other things in comparison with God's glory, and a saving interest in Christ; Acts 20:24. But none of these things move me, neither count I my life dear unto myself, so that I might finish my course with joy; Philippians 3:8. I count all things but loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is the fourth property of supreme love?", "answer": "It centers the soul in God as its only rest; Psalm 116:7. Return unto your rest, O my soul. And cannot be satisfied until it come to the full enjoyment of him; 2 Thessalonians 3:5. And the Lord direct your hearts into the love of God, and into the patient waiting for Christ."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Why must we love God with a supreme love?", "answer": "Because such a love only suits the transcendent excellency of God; commands all we are and have for God; and is the only love that will continue to the end; Romans 8:35. Who shall separate us from the love of Christ?"}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is it to love our neighbor as ourselves.", "answer": "It is the exact observation and practice of the golden rule of Christ; Matthew 7:12. Therefore all things whatever you would that men should do to you, do you even so to them; for this is the law and the prophets."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Are all men to be loved alike, and with the same degree of love?", "answer": "No; though we must love all men with the love of benevolence, yet the saints only with the love of delight; Psalm 16:3. But to the saints that are in the earth, and to the excellent in whom is all my delight. Psalm 15:4. In whose eyes a vile person is contemned; but he honors them that fear the Lord. And to such we must especially do good; Galatians 6:10. As we have therefore opportunity, let us do good unto all men, especially unto them who are of the household of faith."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the first instruction from hence?", "answer": "Hence we learn the excellency of divine love. Moses expresses the whole duty of man in ten commandments: Christ hangs the whole law upon these two, love to God and our neighbor; Mark 12:30, 31. And you shall love the Lord your God, with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind, and with all your strength: This is the first commandment. And the second is like, namely this, You shall love your neighbor as yourself: There is none other commandment greater than these. And the apostle reduces these two into one; Galatians 5:14. For all the law is fulfilled in one word, even this.-You shall love your neighbor as yourself."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the second inference from hence?", "answer": "It convinces the holiest of men how far short they come in their obedience to the rule of duty, and therein the law was our schoolmaster to bring us to Christ, Galatians 3:24."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the third inference from hence?", "answer": "It discovers the excellency and perfection of the law of God; Psalm 19:7. The law of the Lord is perfect, converting the soul: And that we are highly to honor and magnify it as a rule of duty, though we must utterly renounce it as the way of our justification."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the last inference from hence?", "answer": "That there is nothing too dear for a Christian in this world, but he must give it up by self-denial, when it comes in competition with his supreme love to God; Luke 14:26. If any man come to me, and hate not his father, and mother, and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yes, and his own life also, he cannot be my disciple; that is Love them less than me. Of the Preface to the ten Commandments"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "43", "sort_key": 43, "question": "WHAT is the preface to the ten commandments?", "answer": "The preface to the ten commandments is in these words, I am the Lord your God, which have brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "44", "question": "What does the preface to the ten commandments teach us?", "answer": "The preface to the ten commandments teaches us that because God is the Lord, and our God, and Redeemer, therefore we are bound to keep all his commandments."}, {"item_id": "1", "question": "Why does God use arguments and inducements to win men to the obedience of his laws?", "answer": "Because he loves to work on man as a rational creature, according to the principles of his nature; Hosea 11:4. I drew them with cords of a man, with bands of love: And because he delights in none but free and cheerful obedience; Psalm 110:3. Your people shall be willing in the day of your power."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the first argument in this preface?", "answer": "It is the sovereignty of the Lawgiver, [I am the Lord,] which should awe the heart of every man to obedience; James 4:12. There is one Lawgiver, who is able to save and to destroy."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the second argument to obedience?", "answer": "Our propriety in God by covenant, [I am the Lord your God;] this obliges to obedience, and aggravateth disobedience; Psalm 50:7. Hear, O my people, and I will speak; O Israel, and I will testify against you; I am God, even your God. Hosea 9:1. For you have gone a whoring from your God."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is the third argument unto obedience?", "answer": "The benefits of redemption that they receive from God. Benefits persuade to duty; and the goodness of God leads you to repentance, Romans 2:4."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How can deliverance out of Egypt be an argument to them that never were in Egypt?", "answer": "As that deliverance was a type of our deliverance, so it is an argument to us, and an argument from the less to the greater; for it obliges us more than them; Luke 1:74, 75. That he would grant unto us, that we being delivered out of the hands of our enemies, might serve him without fear, in holiness and righteousness before him, all the days of our life."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is that deliverance we have? and how does it oblige us to obedience?", "answer": "Our deliverance is not from Egypt, but from Hell; Colossians 1:13. Who has delivered us from the power of darkness, and has translated us into the kingdom of his dear Son. And our persons are bought by the Redeemer to glorify God; 1 Corinthians 6:19, 20. What don't you know that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit, which is in you? For you are bought with a price: Therefore glorify God in your body, and in your spirit, which are God's."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Is it not mercenary to serve God upon the account of benefits received, or to be received?", "answer": "He who makes religious duties mediums to attain carnal advantages only, is of a worse than mercenary spirit; Hosea 7:14. And they have not cried unto me with their hearts, when they howled upon their beds: They assemble themselves for corn and wine, and they rebel against me. But to be quickened by mercy to duty is not mercenary, but evangelical; Hosea 3:5. They shall fear the Lord, and his goodness."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the first inference from hence?", "answer": "That great is the condescension of God to man, that he will use arguments to induce him to obedience, who might exact it only by his sovereignty, and justly damn us for our disobedience; 2 Corinthians 5:20. Now then we are ambassadors for Christ, as though God did beseech you by us: We pray you in Christ's stead, be reconciled to God."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the second inference from hence?", "answer": "That the more mercy any receive from God, the more obligations are laid on them to obey him; Psalm 116:1, 2. I love the Lord, because he has heard my voice, and my supplications: Because he has inclined his ear unto me, therefore will I call upon him as long as I live."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the third inference from hence?", "answer": "The more mercies and favors any man sins against, the greater is that man's sin, and the sorer will be his punishment; Amos 3:2. You only have I known of all the families of the earth; therefore I will punish you for all your iniquities."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the fourth inference from hence?", "answer": "That God's expectations are greater, where his mercies and favors have been so; Isaiah 5:4. What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? Wherefore when I looked that it should bring forth grapes, brought it forth wild grapes."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the last inference from hence?", "answer": "That memorials of God's mercies are to be kept by us, to provoke us to constant and cheerful duties of obedience; Exodus 17:14. And the Lord said unto Moses, write this for a memorial in a book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua. Psalm 103:2, 3. Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits. Of the first Commandment"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "45", "sort_key": 45, "question": "WHICH is the first commandment?", "answer": "The first commandment is, You shall have no other gods before me.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the first duty enjoined in the first commandment?", "answer": "It is to know and acknowledge the existence or being of God, and consequently condemns all atheism, both in judgment and practice; Hebrews 11:6. For he who comes to God, must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him. Psalm 14:1. The fool has said in his heart, there is no God."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the second duty of the first commandment?", "answer": "It requires all men to know and acknowledge the unity of God; Deuteronomy 6:4. Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God is one Lord. And condemns polytheism, or plurality of gods; 1 Corinthians 8:5, 6. For though there be that are called gods, whether in Heaven or in earth (as there be gods many, and lords many;) but to us there is but one God."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Whence sprang the opinion of more gods than one at first in the world?", "answer": "It sprang from ignorance of God's omnipresence and omnipotence. Hence came their vain imaginations; Romans 1:21. Because that when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful, but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened. They thought the presence and power of God might reach one place, and not another; 1 Kings 20:23. And the servants of the king of Syria said unto him, Their gods are gods of the hills, therefore they were stronger than we: But let us fight against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger than they."}, {"item_id": "4 ", "question": "What were the first creatures worshiped as gods?", "answer": "Probably the heavenly bodies, sun, moon, and stars, because of their splendor and influences. These as heralds, do proclaim God to the world; Psalm 19:1, 2. The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament shows his handy work: Day unto day utters speech, and night unto night shows knowledge. And these messengers of God were mistaken for God himself; Job 31:26, 27, 28. If I beheld the sun when it shined, or the moon walking in brightness, and my heart has been secretly enticed, or my mouth has kissed my hand; this also were an iniquity, for I should have denied the God that is above."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What does these words [before me] import?", "answer": "It notes God's perfect knowledge and abhorrence of all idolatry, or worshiping of another God, as what he cannot endure to behold; Jeremiah 44:3, 4. Because of their wickedness which they have committed to provoke me to anger, in that they went to burn incense to serve other gods whom they knew not, neither they, you, nor your fathers. Howbeit, I sent unto you all my servants the prophets, rising early, and sending them, saying, Oh do not this abominable thing that I hate."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Are none guilty of this sin but heathenish idolaters?", "answer": "Yes; all that place their supreme love or trust in any creature, make that creature their God; and in scripture are called idolaters, Colossians 3:5. And covetousness, which is idolatry. Philippians 3:19. Whose end is destruction, whose God is their belly, and whose glory is in their shame, who mind earthly things."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "How does the idolatry forbidden in the first, differ from that forbidden in the second commandment.", "answer": "The idolatry forbidden in the first commandment is a sin respecting the object of worship, when we set up anything in the place of God, which by nature is not God; Galatians 4:8. Howbeit, then when you knew not God, you did service unto them which by nature are no gods. But that against the second commandment is, when we pretend to worship the true God, but do it by such means, and in such a manner as he has not required, or has forbidden; Exodus 32:4. And he received them at their hands, and fashioned it with a graven tool, after he had made it a molten calf; and they said, These be your gods, O Israel, which brought you up out of the land of Egypt."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the first inference from the first commandment?", "answer": "That it is a special mercy to be brought forth in a land where the true God is known and worshiped; Psalm 147:20. He has not dealt so with any nation; and as for his judgments, they have not known them; praise you the Lord."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the second inference from the first commandment?", "answer": "That it is a great and dreadful sin to live without the worship of God in the world; Ephesians 2:12. That at that time you were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the third inference from the first commandment?", "answer": "That Christians must not comply with idolatrous and superstitious worship, when they are cast into idolatrous places, however great the danger be; Psalm 16:4. Their sorrows shall be multiplied, that hasten after another God; their drink-offerings of blood will I not offer, nor take up their name into my lips."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the fourth inference from hence?", "answer": "That supreme love, fear, and trust of the soul, is God's peculiar right and due. Whoever places them on any other besides God, is guilty of a very heinous and great sin against him; 1 John 2:15. Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world: If any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him. Compared with Job 31:24-28. If I have made gold my hope, or have said to the fine gold, you are my confidence; this also were an iniquity to be punished by the judge; for I should have denied the God that is above."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the fifth inference from hence?", "answer": "That God's eye discovers the closest idolatry in the world, whether it be in secret actions; Ezek 8:12. Have you seen what the ancients of the house of Israel do in the dark? Every man in the chambers of his imagery? for they say, the Lord sees us not, the Lord has forsaken the earth. Or inward affections; Colossians 3:5. Mortify therefore your members which are upon the earth, fornication, impurity, inordinate affection, evil concupiscence, and covetousness, which is idolatry."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the sixth inference from hence?", "answer": "That an high and full condition in the world, is a dangerous condition, and lies most exposed to the danger of heart-idolatry; Proverbs 30:9. Lest I be full, and deny you, and say, who is the Lord? Mark 10:24. How hard is it for them that trust in riches to enter into the kingdom of Heaven?"}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the last inference?", "answer": "That in covenanting with God, and avouching him for our God, we must wholly renounce all others, and take God alone for our portion, and object of our love and dependence; Hosea 3:3. You shall not be for another man; so will I also be for you. Luke 14:33. So likewise, whoever he be of you that forsakes not all that he has, he cannot be my disciple. Of the second Commandment"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "49", "sort_key": 49, "question": "WHICH is the second commandment?", "answer": "The second commandment is, [You shall not make unto you any graven image, or any likeness of anything, that is in Heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down yourself to them, nor serve them: For I the Lord your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquities of the fathers upon the children, unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me, and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.]", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "50", "sort_key": 50, "question": "What is required in the second commandment?", "answer": "The second commandment requires, the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire all such religious worship and ordinances, as God has appointed in his word.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "51", "sort_key": 51, "question": "What is forbidden in the second commandment?", "answer": "The second commandment forbids the worshiping of God by images, or any other way not appointed in his word.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "52", "sort_key": 52, "question": "What are the reasons annexed to the second commandment?", "answer": "The reasons annexed to the second commandment, are God's sovereignty over us, his propriety in us, and the zeal he has to his own worship.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the sin especially forbidden in the second commandment?", "answer": "The sin here forbidden, is the corruption of God's worship, by making any similitude of any person in the Godhead, and performing divine worship before it, or to it; Exodus 32:8. They have turned aside quickly out of the way which I commanded them: They have made them a molten calf, and have worshiped it, and have sacrificed thereunto, and said, these be your gods O Israel, which have brought you up out of the land of Egypt. Deuteronomy 4:15, 16. Take you therefore good heed unto yourselves (for you saw no manner of similitude on the day that the Lord spoke unto you in Horeb, out of the midst of the fire) lest you corrupt yourselves and make you a graven image, the similitude of any figure, the likeness of male or female."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the second sin forbidden in this commandment?", "answer": "The second sin against this commandment is will-worship, consisting in the addition of man's inventions to the worship of God, as a part thereof; Matthew 15:9. But in vain they do worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men. Colossians 2:20, 21, 22, 23. Whereof if you be dead with Christ from the rudiments of the world, why, as though living in the world, are you subject to ordinances. (Touch not, taste not, handle not, which all are to perish with the using) after the commandments and doctrines of men? Which things have indeed a show of wisdom in will-worship and humility, and neglecting of the body, not in any honor to the satisfying of the flesh."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "But if those additions be for the more decent worshiping of God, is it not allowed by 1 Corinthians 14:40. Let all things be done decently, and in order?", "answer": "No; that scripture commands that God's institutions be regularly and decently performed, but not that we invent ceremonies that are symbolical, to make them more decent than Christ left them."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Why is the second commandment left out in all the public offices of the popish church?", "answer": "Because it expressly condemns their idolatrous images, kneeling at the sacrament, prayers to saints, and all their superstitious crosses, surplices, and chrisme, as sinful."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Do they not clear themselves from idolatry, by telling us they only worship God before, or by them, but not the images themselves?", "answer": "No, they do not; for the use of images in God's worship is expressly condemned in this commandment; as if this would excuse the papists, it had also excused the Israelite in worshiping the calf, Exodus 32:4.-And they said, These be your gods, O Israel, that brought you out of the land of Egypt."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the first reason annexed to the second commandment?", "answer": "The first reason annexed is God's sovereignty, I the Lord; which shows that it belongs to God only to institute his own worship, and make it effectual; and therefore to do that in his worship which he never commanded, is sinful and dangerous; Jeremiah 7:31. And they have built the high places of Tophet, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to burn their sons and their daughters in the fire, which I commanded them not, neither came it into my heart."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the second reason annexed to the second commandment?", "answer": "The second reason is God's propriety in us: He is our God, and we belong to him; and therefore to corrupt his worship, greatly aggravates our sins; Hosea 9:1. Rejoice not, O Israel, for joy, as other people; for you have gone a whoring from your God, etc."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the third reason annexed to the second commandment?", "answer": "The jealousy of God over his worship and worshipers; so that this sin of corrupting his worship will dreadfully incense his wrath, as it did, Leviticus 10:1, 2. And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put fire thereon, and offered strange fire, before the Lord, which he commanded them not. And there went out fire from the Lord, and devoured them, and they died before the Lord."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the first instruction from the second commandment?", "answer": "That it is an heinous sin to neglect the worship of God in that manner he has appointed us to worship him, as in prayer; Jeremiah 10:25. Pour out your fury upon the heathen that don't you know, and upon the families that call not on your name. Hearing the word; Proverbs 28:9. He who turns away his ear from hearing the law, even his prayer shall be abomination."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the second instruction from the second commandment.", "answer": "That those who suffer for endeavoring to preserve the purity of God's ordinances, and nonconformity to the contrary injunctions of men, have a good warrant to bear them out in all such sufferings; Deuteronomy 4:2. You shall not add unto the word which I command you, neither shall you diminish ought from it, that you may keep the commandments of the Lord your God, which I command you."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the third instruction from the second commandment?", "answer": "That it is highly sinful and dangerous to innovate and prescribe by human authority such symbolical rites in the worship of God, as he never appointed or allowed in his word; Matthew 15:9. But in vain do they worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the fourth instruction hence?", "answer": "Hence we learn how much parents and children are obliged to worship God constantly, spiritually, and agreeably to his will revealed in his word; otherwise the jealousy of God will visit them both in the way of judgment: For as obedience entails a blessing, so disobedience entails a curse on posterity; Exodus 34:14. For you shall worship no other God; for the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God. Of the third Commandment"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "53", "sort_key": 53, "question": "WHICH is the third commandment?", "answer": "The third commandment is, [You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain: for the Lord will not hold him guiltless, that takes his name in vain.]", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "54", "sort_key": 54, "question": "What is required in the third commandment?", "answer": "The third commandment requires the holy and reverend use of God's names, titles, attributes, ordinances, words, and works.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "55", "sort_key": 55, "question": "What is forbidden in the third commandment?", "answer": "The third commandment forbids all profaning or abusing of anything whereby God makes himself known.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "56", "sort_key": 56, "question": "What is the reason annexed to the third commandment?", "answer": "The reason annexed to the third commandment is, that however the breakers of this commandment may escape punishment from men, yet the Lord our God will not allow them to escape his righteous judgment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How does this commandment differ from the first and second?", "answer": "The first has respect to the object of worship, forbidding us to worship any other but God. The second respects the means of worship, forbidding us to worship God by any other means than what he has prescribed. But the third respects the manner of his worship, forbidding all careless, or profane use of his name, and commanding a holy reverence from us in all our solemn addresses to him, or ordinary mention of his name. Malachi 1:6. A son honors his father, and a servant his master: If then I be a father, where is mine honor? and if I be a master, where is my fear! says the Lord of hosts unto you, O priests, that despise my name: And you say, Wherein have we despised your name?"}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the first thing especially required in the third commandment?", "answer": "It requires the most awful and reverential frame of our hearts in all our approaches to God; Psalm 89:7. God is greatly to be feared in the assembly of the saints; and to be had in reverence of all them that are about him. And in his worship; John 4:24. God is a Spirit; and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the second thing required in this commandment?", "answer": "It requires truth in our witness-bearing, as knowing God sees our hearts, and is witness to all that we think or speak; Zechariah 5:4. I will bring it forth, says the Lord of hosts, and it shall enter into the house of the thief, and into the house of him that swears falsely by my name, etc."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is the third thing required in this commandment?", "answer": "That in all our appeals to God in secret, or doubtful matters, we be sure that the appeal be necessary, awful, and true; Jeremiah 17:16. As for me, I have not hastened from being a pastor to follow you, neither have I desired the woeful day, you know: that which came out of my lips was right before you. Psalm 139:23, 24. Search me, O God, and know my heart: try me, and know my thoughts. And see if there be any wicked way in me; and lead me in the way everlasting."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What does this commandment especially forbid?", "answer": "It forbids and condemns all profane oaths, as most injurious to the name of God, Matthew 5:34, 37.-Swear not at all, neither by Heaven, for it is God's throne, etc. But let your communication be, Yes, yes; Nay, nay: for whatever is more than these, comes of evil."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the danger of profane or false swearing?", "answer": "Such are reckoned enemies to God, Psalm 139:20. Your enemies take your name in vain. The curse of God enters into such families. Zechariah 5:4. I will bring it forth, says the Lord of hosts, and it shall enter into the house of the thief, and into the house of him that swears falsely by my name, etc. And the Lord will not hold them guiltless."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What else is forbidden in this commandment?", "answer": "It forbids and condemns all heedless, wandering, and drowsy performance of God's worship; Isaiah 29:13, 14. Wherefore the Lord said, Forasmuch as this people draw near me with their mouths, and with their lips do honor me, but have removed their heart far from me, and their fear towards me is taught by the precept of men: Therefore, behold I will proceed to do a marvelous work among this people, even a marvelous work, and a wonder; for the wisdom of their wise men shall perish, and the understanding of their prudent men shall be hid. And 2 Kings 10:31. But Jehu took no heed to walk in the law of the Lord God of Israel, with all his heart: for he departed not from the sins of Jeroboam, which made Israel to sin."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What other sin is forbidden in this command?", "answer": "It forbids all light and irreverent use of the scriptures, especially in our jests, or by way of scoffing; Jeremiah 17:15. Behold, they say unto me, Where is the word of the Lord? Let it come now. Jeremiah 6:10.-Behold, the word of the Lord is unto them a reproach; they have no delight in it."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "By what argument does God enforce the third commandment on men?", "answer": "That the breakers of this commandment shall surely be punished by the Lord, either in this life, Deuteronomy 28:58, 59. If you will not observe to do all the words of this law, that are written in this book, that you may fear this glorious and fearful name, the Lord your God: Then the Lord will make your plagues wonderful, and the plagues of your seed, even great plagues, and of long continuance, and sore sickness, and of long continuance: Or in that to come, Romans 2:5. But after your hardness and impenitent heart, treasures up unto yourself wrath against the day of wrath, and revelation of the righteous judgment of God: Except they repent and reform."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the first instruction from the third commandment?", "answer": "That great and infinite is the patience of God in forbearing and provoking sinners so long as he does; Romans 9:22. What if God, willing to show his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much long-suffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction?"}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the second instruction from hence?", "answer": "That God is to be justified in the severest of his judgments, by which at any time he manifests his displeasure against the profaneness of the world; Hosea 4:1, 2, 3. Hear the word of the Lord, you children of Israel: For the Lord has a controversy with the inhabitants of the land, because there is no truth, nor mercy, nor knowledge of God in the land. By swearing, and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery, they break out, and blood touches blood. Therefore shall the land mourn, and every one that dwells therein shall languish, with the beasts of the field, and with the birds of Heaven, yes, the fishes of the sea also shall be taken away."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the third instruction from hence?", "answer": "That God takes special notice of, and greatly delights in them that fear and reverence his name; Isaiah 66:5. Hear the word of the Lord, you that tremble at his word: Your brethren that hated you, that cast you out for my name's sake, said, Let the Lord be glorified; but he shall appear to your joy, and they shall be ashamed. Malachi 3:16.-And a book of remembrance was written before him, for them that feared the Lord, and that thought upon his name."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the last inference from hence?", "answer": "That those parents have much to answer for, that by their examples teach, or by their negligence encourage their children to profane God's name: Jeremiah 5:7. How shall I pardon you for this? Your children have forsaken me, and sworn by them that are no gods, etc. Of the Sabbath"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "57", "sort_key": 57, "question": "WHICH is the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The fourth commandment is, [Remember the Sabbath-day, to keep it holy. Six days shall you labor and do all your work; but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord your God; in it you shall not do any work, you, nor your son, nor your daughter, your man-servant, nor your maid-servant, nor your cattle, nor the stranger which is within your gates. For in six days the Lord made Heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day, wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath-day, and hallowed it.]", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "58", "sort_key": 58, "question": "What is required in the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The fourth commandment requires the keeping holy to God, such set time as he has appointed hi his word, expressly one whole day in seven, to be a holy Sabbath unto the Lord.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "59", "sort_key": 59, "question": "Which day of the seven has God appointed to be the weekly Sabbath?", "answer": "From the beginning of the world to the resurrection of Christ, God appointed the seventh day of the week to be the weekly Sabbath; and the first day of the week ever since, to continue to the end of the world, which is the Christian Sabbath.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What special marks of honor has God set upon this fourth commandment.", "answer": "God has set four peculiar marks of honor on it. (1.) It is the largest of all the commands. (2.) It has a solemn memento prefixed to it. (3.) It is delivered both positively and negatively, which the rest are not. And, (4.) It is enforced with more arguments to strengthen the command on us, than any other."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Why will God have a Sabbath on earth?", "answer": "God will have a Sabbath on earth, to give us therein an emblem of that eternal Sabbath in Heaven, wherein his people shall be serving him, and praising him without interruption, or mixture of any other business throughout eternity; Hebrews 4:9. There remains therefore a rest to the people of God."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "For what other reasons will God have a Sabbath?", "answer": "He will have a Sabbath for the honor of his name, Isaiah 58:13. If you turn away your foot from the Sabbath, from doing your pleasure on my holy day, and call the Sabbath a delight, the holy of the Lord, honorable, and shall honor him, not doing your own ways, nor finding your own pleasure, nor speaking your own words. For the good of men's souls; Mark 2:27. And he said unto them, The Sabbath was made for man, and not man for the Sabbath. And in mercy to the bodies of men and beasts."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Is this commandment moral and perpetual, or ceremonial and temporary?", "answer": "It is, and must needs be moral, and not ceremonial; because all the reasons that enforce it are perpetual, and the Sabbath continued when the ceremonial law ceased, and was vanished; Matthew 24:20. But pray you, that your flight be not in the winter, neither on the Sabbath-day."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What day of the seven is the Christian Sabbath?", "answer": "The first day of the week is our Sabbath, since the resurrection of Christ. This is the day which was foretold to be our Sabbath; Psalm 118:24. This is the day which the Lord has made; we will rejoice and be glad in it. The Lord has marked it for himself, by setting his own name on it; Revelation 1:10. I was in the Spirit on the Lord's day. And the apostles and primitive church constantly set it apart to religious uses and ends; Acts 20:7. And upon the first day of the week, when the disciples came together to break bread, Paul preached unto them, etc. 1 Corinthians 16:2. Upon the first day of the week, let every one of you lay by him in store, as God has prospered him, that there be no gatherings when I come."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "When does the Christian Sabbath begin?", "answer": "It appears that this day is not to be reckoned from evening to evening, but from morning to morning; because the Christian Sabbath must begin when the Jewish Sabbath ended, but that ended towards the morning, Matthew 28:1. In the end of the Sabbath, as it began to dawn towards the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalen, and the other Mary, to see the sepulcher."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the ground of changing the day?", "answer": "The solemn commemoration of our redemption by the resurrection of Christ from the dead, is the ground of translating the Sabbath from the seventh to the first day of the week: Psalm 118:24. This is the day which the Lord has made; we will rejoice and be glad in it. Mark 16:9. Now when Jesus was risen early the first day of the week, he appeared first to Mary Magdalen, out of whom he had cast seven devils."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Is it the whole day, or only some hours of the day, that are set apart for God?", "answer": "Not a part, but the whole day is the Lord's; and it is as dangerous to halve it with God in point of time, as it was for Ananias and Sapphira to halve their dedicated goods, and bring in but a part. Remember that you keep holy the Sabbath-day, is the command."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Is there any other clay holy besides this day?", "answer": "No day but this is holy by institution of the Lord; yet days of humiliation and thanksgiving may be lawfully set apart by men on a call of providence; but popish holidays are not warrantable, nor to be observed; Galatians 4:10. You observe days, and months, and times, and years."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "But seeing every day should be a Sabbath to a Christian, what needs any other set time?", "answer": "Though Christians must walk every day with God, yet every day cannot be a Sabbath, because God calls us to other duties on those days, but will have this to be a solemn and entire day to himself."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "But if a man scruple the change of the Sabbath, may he not keep both days weekly?", "answer": "No; for then, by doing more than God requires, he breaks a plain command, Six days shall you labor."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "At what time should Christians be up, and at their duties, on the Lord's day?", "answer": "As early in the morning as their strength will permit, to prepare by private for public duties; yet the public are not to be entrenched on by private duties; Acts 10:33. Now therefore are we all here present before God, to hear all things that are commanded you of God. Of the Sabbath"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "60", "sort_key": 60, "question": "HOW is the Sabbath to be sanctified?", "answer": "The Sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy resting all that day, even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other days, and spending the whole time in the public and private exercises of God's worship, except so much as is to be taken up in the works of necessity and mercy.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "61", "question": "What are the sins forbidden in the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The fourth commandment forbids the omission or careless performance of the duties required, and the profaning the day by idleness, or doing that which is in itself sinful, or by unnecessary thoughts, words, or works, about our worldly employments or recreations."}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "62", "sort_key": 62, "question": "What are the reasons annexed to the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The reasons annexed to the fourth commandment are, God's allowing us six days of the week for our own employment, his challenging a special propriety in the seventh, his own example, and his blessing the Sabbath-day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the rest which God requires on the Sabbath?", "answer": "It is not a mere natural or civil, but a holy rest, resembling the rest in Heaven, wherein the mind is most active and busy in the work of God, though the body be at rest, and the spirit not wearied with its work; Revelation 4:8 and the four beasts had each of them six wings about him, and they were full of eyes within, and they rest not day and night, saying, Holy, holy, holy, Lord God almighty, which was, and is, and is to come."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "May not any works of our civil calling be ordinarily done on that day?", "answer": "No; it is sinful to put our hands ordinarily to our callings on that day, and God usually punishes it. Nehemiah 13:15, 16, 17, 18. In those days saw I in Judah some treading wine-presses on the Sabbath, and bringing up sheaves, and lading donkeys, as also wine-grapes, and figs, and all manner of burdens which they brought into Jerusalem on the Sabbath-day; and I testified against them in the day wherein they sold victuals. There dwelt men of Tyre also therein, which brought fish, and all manner of ware, and sold on the Sabbath, unto the children of Judah, and in Jerusalem. Then I contended with the nobles of Judah, and said unto them, What evil thing is this that you do, and profane the Sabbath-day? Did not your fathers thus, and did not our God bring all this evil upon us, and upon this city? Yet you bring more wrath upon Israel by profaning the Sabbath."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "May we not refresh our bodies by recreations, or our minds by thoughts of earthly business, or discourses, on that day?", "answer": "Recreations of the body, which are lawful on other days, are sinful on this day; and all the recreations of the mind allowed on this day, are spiritual and heavenly; Isaiah 58:13, 14. If you turn away your foot from the Sabbath, from doing your pleasure on my holy day, and call the Sabbath a delight, the holy of the Lord, honorable, and shall honor him, not doing your own ways, nor finding your own pleasure, nor speaking your own words; then shall you delight yourself in the, Lord, and I will cause you to ride upon the high places of the earth, and feed you with the heritage of Jacob your father; for the mouth of the Lord has spoken it."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What works may lawfully be done on that day?", "answer": "Christ's example warrants works of necessity, and works of mercy, but no other; Matthew 12:3, 4. But he said unto them, have you not read what David did, when he was an hungered, and they that were with him, How he entered into the house of God, and did eat the shew-bread, which was not lawful for him to eat, neither for them that were with him, but only for the priests. And verse 7. But if you had known what this means, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice, etc."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What are the holy duties of the Sabbath?", "answer": "The public worship of God; in reading, and hearing the word preached. Isaiah 66:23. And it shall come to pass, that from one new moon to another, and from one Sabbath to another, shall all flesh come to worship before me, says the Lord, Luke 4:16.-And as his custom was, he went into the synagogue on the Sabbath-day, and stood for to read. And prayer; Acts 16:13, 14. And on the Sabbath-day we went out of the city by a river side, where prayer was accustomed to be made, etc. And receiving the Sacrament; Acts 20:7. And upon the first day of the week, when the disciples came together to break bread, Paul preached, etc."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Are private duties in our families required, as well as public, on the Sabbath?", "answer": "Yes; it is not enough to sanctify the Sabbath in public ordinances, but God requires it to be sanctified in family and private duties; Leviticus 23:3.-But the seventh day is the Sabbath of rest, a holy convocation; you shall do no work therein: it is the Sabbath of the Lord in all your dwellings."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "With what frame of spirit are all Sabbath duties, both public and private, to be performed?", "answer": "They are to be performed with spiritual delight; Isaiah 58:13. If you turn away your foot from the Sabbath, from doing your pleasure on my holy day, and call the Sabbath a delight, etc. And all grudging at, and weariness of spiritual exercises, is a sin forbidden; Malachi 1:13. You said also, behold what a weariness is it, and you have snuffed at it, says the Lord of hosts, and you brought that which was torn, and the lame, and the sick; thus you brought an offering: should I accept this of your hand? says the Lord. Amos 8:5. When will the new moon be gone, that we may sell corn? and the Sabbath, that we may set forth wheat? etc."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the first reason annexed to this command?", "answer": "The first reason is the sufficient, and large allowance of time God has given us for our civil callings, and earthly business. Six days in the week is a large allowance."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the second reason annexed to this fourth command?", "answer": "The second reason is God's sanctifying and separating this day by a special command and institution for his service; so that to profane this time, is to sin against an express divine command."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the third reason annexed to this command?", "answer": "The third reason is God's own example, who rested the seventh day from all his works, and blessed this day, by virtue of which blessing we are encouraged to sanctify it."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Is it not enough to sanctify this day in our own persons?", "answer": "No; if God has put any under our authority, their profaning the Sabbath will become our sin, though we be never so strict in the observation of it ourselves."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "May we continue our civil employment to the last moment of our common time?", "answer": "Except necessity or mercy urge us, we ought to break off before, and allow some time to prepare for the Sabbath, Luke 23:54. And that day was the preparation, and the Sabbath drew on."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the first inference from hence?", "answer": "That we have all great cause to be humbled for our Sabbath transgressions, either in our unpreparedness for it, our want of delight and spirituality in it, or the due government of our families as God requires."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the second inference from hence?", "answer": "That Christians on the Sabbath-day have a fair occasion and help to realize to themselves the heavenly state, in which they are to live abstract from the world, and God is to be all in all to them, Of the fifth Commandment"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "63", "sort_key": 63, "question": "WHICH is the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The fifth commandment is, [Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land which the Lord your God gives you.]", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "64", "sort_key": 64, "question": "What is required in the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The fifth commandment requires the preserving the honor, and performing the duties belonging to every one in their several places and relations, as superiors, inferiors, or equals.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "65", "sort_key": 65, "question": "What is forbidden in the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The fifth commandment forbids the neglecting of, or doing anything against the honor and duty which belongs to every one in their several places and relations.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "66", "sort_key": 66, "question": "What is the reason annexed to the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The reason annexed to the fifth commandment is, a promise of long life and prosperity (as far as it shall serve for God's glory and their own good) to all such as keep this commandment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What relatives are directly and more especially concerned in this fifth commandment?", "answer": "All superiors and inferiors are concerned in it; especially, (1.) Political fathers and their children; that is, kings and subjects; Mark 11:10. Blessed be the kingdom of our father David, etc. (2.) Spiritual fathers, and their children; that is, ministers, and their people; 1 Corinthians 4:15. For though you have ten thousand instructors in Christ, yet have you not many fathers, for in Christ Jesus have I begotten you through the gospel. (3.) Natural parents, and their children; Ephesians 6:1. Children, obey your parents in the Lord. (4.) All civil superiors and inferiors, as husbands and wives, masters and servants; Ephesians 5:22. Wives, submit yourselves unto your husbands, as unto the Lord. And Ephesians 6:5. Servants be obedient to them that are your masters, according to the flesh, etc."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the duty of political fathers, or magistrates, to their political children, or subjects?", "answer": "It is to rule and govern the people over whom God has set them with wisdom; 2 Chronicles 1:10. Give me now wisdom and knowledge, that I may go out and come in before this people. Justice; 2 Chronicles 19:5, 6, 7. And he set judges in the land, throughout all the fenced cities of Judah, city by city. And he said to the judges, take heed what you do; for you judge not for man, but for the Lord, who is with you in the judgment. Wherefore now, let the fear of the Lord be upon you, take heed, and do it, etc. And piety; 2 Samuel 23:3. He who rules over men must be just, ruling in the fear of God. Carefully providing for their souls in every place of their dominion; 2 Chronicles 17:9. And they taught in Judah, and had the book of the law of the Lord with them, and went about throughout all the cities of Judah, and taught the people. And for their common outward peace and safety; 2 Chronicles 17:12. And Jehoshaphat waxed great exceedingly, and he built in Judah castles and cities of store."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What are the duties of subjects to their rulers?", "answer": "It is to pray for them; 1 Timothy 2:1, 2. I exhort therefore, that first of all supplications, prayers, intercessions, and giving of thanks, be made for all men: For kings, and for all that are in authority, etc. To honor them; 1 Peter 2:17.-Fear God, honor the king. To obey their just laws; Romans 13:1. Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers, etc. And to pay them the tribute that is due to them; Romans 13:7. Render therefore to all their dues, tribute to whom tribute is due, custom to whom custom, etc."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What are the duties of ministers to their people?", "answer": "Their duty is, (1.) To feed their flock constantly with wholesome food; 2 Timothy 4:2. Preach the word, be instant in season, and out of season; rebuke, reprove, exhort, with all long-suffering and doctrine. (2.) To be full of affections of tender affection to them; 1 Thessalonians 2:7, 8. But we were gentle among you, even as a nurse cherishes her children: So being affectionately desirous of you, we were willing to have imparted unto you, not the gospel of God only, but also our own souls, because you were dear unto us. (3.) To pray for them, Ephesians 1:15, 16. Wherefore I also, after I heard of your faith in the Lord Jesus, and love unto all the saints, cease not to give thanks for you, making mention of you in my prayers. (4.) To watch over them; 1 Peter 5:2. Feed the flock of God which is among you, taking the oversight thereof, not by constraint, but willingly, etc. And, (5.) To walk as an example of godliness before them; Titus 2:7. In all things showing yourself a pattern of good works, etc. All which duties require their residence among them; 1 Peter 5:2. Feed the flock of God which is among you, etc."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What are the people's duties towards their ministers?", "answer": "Their duty is, (1.) To esteem and love them dearly for their work's sake; 1 Thessalonians 5:12, 13. And we beseech you, brethren, to know them which labor among you, and are over you in the Lord, and admonish you; and to esteem them very highly in love for their work's sake. (2.) To attend on the word preached by them, as the word of God; 1 Thessalonians 2:13. For this cause also thank we God without ceasing, because when you received the word of God, which you heard of us, you received it not as the word of men, but (as it is in truth) the word of God. (3.) To pray for them, and the success of their labors; Hebrews 13:18. Pray for us, etc. (4.) Not to receive light and malicious reports against them; 1 Timothy 5:19. Against an elder receive not an accusation, but before two or three witnesses. (5.) To make a competent and comfortable provision for them; Galatians 6:6. Let him that is taught in the word, communicate unto him that teaches in all good things."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What are the duties of natural parents to their children?", "answer": "It is their duty, (1.) To be tenderly, but not fondly affection, ate to, and tender over them; Isaiah 49:15. Can a woman forget her sucking child, that she should not have compassion on the son of her womb? (2.) To educate them for God; Ephesians 6:4. And you fathers, provoke not your children to wrath, but bring them up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord. (3.) To restrain their sins by correction; Proverbs 29:15. The rod and reproof give wisdom, but a child left to himself brings his mother to shame. (4.) To provide for their livelihood; 1 Timothy 5:8. But if any provide not for his own, and especially for those of his own house, he has denied the faith, and is worse than an infidel. (5.) To pray daily for them; Job 1:5. And it was so, when the days of their feasting were gone about, that Job sent and sanctified them, and rose up early in the morn, and offered burnt-offerings according to the number of them all: for Job said, It may be that my sons have sinned, and cursed God in their hearts: Thus did Job continually. (6.) To encourage them with endearing language in the way of godliness; Proverbs 31:2, 3. The words of king Lemuel, the prophecy that his mother taught him. What, my son? and what the son of my womb? and what the son of my vows? Give not your strength unto women, nor your ways to that which destroys kings."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What are the duties of children to parents?", "answer": "Their duty is, (1.) To obey them only in the Lord; Ephesians 6:1. Children, obey your parents in the Lord. (2.) To reverence and honor them; Leviticus 19:3. You shall fear every man his mother and his father, etc. (3.) To submit to their reproofs and corrections; Hebrews 12:9. Furthermore, we have had fathers of our flesh, which corrected us, and we gave them reverence. (4.) To provide for them, if they be poor and needy, and we have ability; Genesis 47:12. And Joseph nourished his father and his brethren, and all his father's household, with bread, according to their families."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What shall children do when parents abuse their authority, by forbidding duty, or commanding sin?", "answer": "In such cases children are to obey God, rather than their parents; Acts 4:19. But Peter and John answered, and said unto them, whether it be right in the sight of God, to hearken unto you, more than unto God, judge you. But yet to manage their refusals of obedience with all meekness and humility."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the first duty of husbands to their wives?", "answer": "The first duty, on which all other duties depend, is cohabitation with them; 1 Peter 3:7. Likewise you husbands, dwell with them, according to knowledge, etc. And nothing can make this duty void, but a lawful divorce for adultery; Matthew 5:31, 32. But I say unto you, That whoever shall put away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, causes her to commit adultery, etc."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the husband's second duty to his wife?", "answer": "True and hearty love to soul and body; Ephesians 5:25. Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the church, and gave himself for it. Evidencing itself in careful provision for them; 1 Corinthians 7:33. But he who is married, cares for the things of the world, how he may please his wife. But especially to their souls, in winning them to Christ; 1 Corinthians 7:16. Or, how know you, O man, whether you shall save your wife? And building them up in Christ; 1 Peter 3:7. Likewise you husbands, dwell with them according to knowledge, giving honor unto the wife, as unto the weaker vessel, and as being heirs together of the grace of life, that your prayers be not hindered."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What are the duties of wives to their husbands?", "answer": "It is their duty. (1.) to be in subjection to their own husbands; Ephesians 5:22, 23. Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as unto the Lord: For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the head of the church. (2.) To reverence them; Ephesians 5:33. And the wife see that she reverence her husband. (3.) To express their reverence in suitable words and actions; 1 Peter 3:6. Even as Sarah obeyed Abraham, calling him Lord, etc. (4.) To be faithful to them; Proverbs 31:12. She will do him good, and not evil, all the days of her life. (5.) To adorn their relation with meekness, and quietness of spirit; 1 Peter 3:4. But let it be the hidden man of the heart, in that which is not corruptible, even the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit, which is in the sight of God of great price."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What are the duties of servants to their masters?", "answer": "It is their duty, (1.) To be faithful in all things committed to their charge; Titus 2:10. Not purloining, but showing all good fidelity, etc. (2.) To honor them in all respectful words and carriages; 1 Timothy 6:1. Let as many servants as are under the yoke, count their own masters worthy of all honor, etc. (5.) To bear patiently their rebukes; 1 Peter 2:18, 19. Servants, be subject to your masters with all fear; not only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward. For this is thank-worthy, if a man for conscience toward God endure grief, suffering wrongfully."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the first duty of masters to their servants?", "answer": "The first duty is to rule over them with gentleness, and not with terror and rigor; Ephesians 6:9. And you masters, do the same things unto them, forbearing threatening: Knowing that your Master also is in Heaven, neither is there respect of persons with him."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the second duty of masters to their servants?", "answer": "To pay them their wages fully, and without delay; Deuteronomy 24:14, 15. You shall not oppress an hired servant that is poor and needy, whether he be of your brethren, or of your strangers that are in your land within your gates. At his day you shall give him his hire, neither shall the sun go down upon it, for he is poor, and sets his heart upon it; lest he cry against you unto the Lord, and it be sin unto you. And to provide food for them convenient; Proverbs 27:27. And you shall have goat's milk enough for your food, for the food of your household, and for maintenance for your maidens."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What is the third duty of masters to their servants?", "answer": "The third and principal duty is, to engage them as much as in them lies, to the ways of God, and duties of religion, as Abraham did; Genesis 18:19. For I know him, that he will command his children, and his household after him, and they shall keep the way of the Lord, etc. And Joshua, Joshua 24:15. But as for me and my house, we will serve the Lord. Of the sixth Commandment"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "67", "sort_key": 67, "question": "WHICH is the sixth commandment?", "answer": "The sixth commandment is, [You shall not kill.]", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "68", "sort_key": 68, "question": "What is required in the sixth commandment?", "answer": "The sixth commandment requires all lawful endeavors to preserve our own life, and the life of others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "69", "sort_key": 69, "question": "What is forbidden in the sixth commandment?", "answer": "The sixth commandment forbids the taking away of our own life, or the life of our neighbor unjustly, or whatever tends thereunto.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the natural order of these commandments in the second table?", "answer": "In these commands God begins with the nearest concern of man, which is life; Job 2:4.-Skin for skin, yes, all that a man has, will he give for his life. Next to that his command guards his nearest relative, from whom the best outward comfort is to rise, his wife: Mark 10:8. And they twain shall be one flesh, etc. After that his good name, which is very precious to him; Ecclesiastes 7:1. A good name is better than precious ointment. And then his goods, which support his life; Isaiah 3:1. For behold, the Lord, the Lord of hosts, does take away from Jerusalem, and from Judah, the stay and the staff, the whole stay of bread, and the whole stay of water."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How far does this commandment extend itself?", "answer": "It prohibits all cruelty, and commands all help, care, and pity, so far as men's hearts and hands can go, for the relief and preservation of others; Psalm 119:96.-But your commandment is exceeding broad."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Does this command respect only the outward action, or also the inward passion of the soul?", "answer": "It respects and bridles the inward passion of the soul, as well as outward actions; as hatred, 1 John 3:15. Whoever hates his brother, is a murderer, etc. And causeless anger; Matthew 5:22. But I say unto you, that whoever is angry with his brother without a cause, shall be in danger of the judgment, etc."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Does this command only respect the lives of others?", "answer": "No; it primarily respects our own lives, and forbids us all things that tend to the shortening and ruin of them; Ephesians 5:29. For no man ever yet hated his own flesh, but nourishes and cherishes it, even as the Lord does the church."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How many ways may men sin against this command, with respect to their own lives.", "answer": "A man sins against his own life, not only by destroying himself, as the jailor would have done; Acts 16:27. And the keeper of the prison awaking out of his sleep, and seeing the prison doors open, he drew out his sword, and would have killed himself, supposing that the prisoners had been fled; but by refusing food or physic to preserve life, or macerating our bodies with excessive sorrows; 2 Corinthians 7:10.-But the sorrow of the world works death. Or envy at others felicity; Proverbs 14:30.-But envy, the rottenness of the bones."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "How are men guilty of murder with respect to others?", "answer": "Murder, with respect to others, may be either with relation to their bodies; Numbers 35:30. Whoever kills any person, the murderer shall be put to death, etc. Or to their souls, which is the most heinous murder in the world; Ezekiel 3:18. When I say unto the wicked, You shall surely die, and you give him not warning, nor speak to warn the wicked from his wicked way to save his life: the same wicked man shall die in his iniquity; but his blood will I require at your hand."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Is all destruction of another's life murder in the account of God?", "answer": "No; It is not, if the life of a person be taken away in the course of justice; Genesis 9:6. Whoever sheds man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed. Or, in a just and necessary war; Judges 5:23. Curse you Meroz, (said the angel of the Lord) curse you bitterly the inhabitants thereof; because they came not to the help of the Lord, to the help of the Lord against the mighty. Or by pure accident; Deuteronomy 19:5. As when a man goes into the wood with his neighbor to hew wood, and his hand fetches a stroke with the ax to cut down the tree, and the head slips from the helve, and lights upon his neighbor that he die, he shall flee unto one of those cities, and live. Or in self-defense; Exodus 22:2. If a thief be found breaking up, and be smitten that he die, there shall no blood be shed for him."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Is there no other way of breaking this command?", "answer": "Yes there is: Innocents may be murdered under the forms and solemnities both of justice and religion. So Naboth was murdered by Jezebel: 1 Kings 21:12, 13. They proclaimed a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people. And there came in two men, children of Belial, and sat before him: And the men of Belial witnessed against him, even against Naboth, in the presence of the people, saying, Naboth did blaspheme God and the king. Then they carried him forth out of the city, and stoned him with stones that he died. And the martyrs by bloody Papists. And this strongly proves a day of judgment; Ecclesiastes 3:16, 17. And moreover, I saw under the sun the place of judgment, that wickedness was there, and the place of righteousness, that iniquity was there. I said in mine heart, God shall judge the righteous and the wicked: For there is a time there for every purpose, and for every work."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Are duels forbidden in this commandment?", "answer": "Yes, they are; for whatever point of honor be touched, or whatever provocation be given, we are not to be our own avengers; Romans 12:19. Dearly beloved, avenge not yourselves, etc."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the first inference hence?", "answer": "That we have great cause to bless God for his protecting law, and for human laws grounded upon his law for the protection of our lives; Romans 13:4.-For he is the minister of God, a revenger to execute wrath upon him that does evil."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the second inference hence?", "answer": "That all that are guilty of this sin, have great cause to be humbled and afflicted: For it is a crying sin, Genesis 4:10.-The voice of your brother's blood cries unto me from the ground. Yet not to despair of mercy upon true repentance. Manasseh shed innocent blood, and yet was pardoned, upon repentance; 2 Kings 21:16. Moreover, Manasseh shed innocent blood very much, until he had filled Jerusalem from one end to another, etc."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the third inference hence?", "answer": "Let all men watch against pride, passion, malice, and revenge, the sin of the heart, from which this horrid sin proceeds; Matthew 15:18, 19. For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, etc. Of the seventh Commandment"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "70", "sort_key": 70, "question": "WHICH is the seventh commandment?", "answer": "The seventh commandment is, [You shall not commit adultery.]", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "71", "sort_key": 71, "question": "What is required in the seventh commandment?", "answer": "The seventh commandment requires the preservation of our own and our neighbor's chastity in heart, speech, and behavior.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "72", "sort_key": 72, "question": "What is forbidden in the seventh commandment?", "answer": "The seventh commandment forbids all unchaste thoughts, words, and actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the duty required in this commandment?", "answer": "The first duty required in this commandment is, the preservation of our own chastity in heart, lip, and life; 1 Thessalonians 4:3, 4. For this is the will of God, even your sanctification, that you should abstain from fornication. That every one of you should know how to possess his vessel in sanctification and honor. And Ephesians 4:29. Let no corrupt communication proceed out of your mouth, etc."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Why must we preserve our own chastity?", "answer": "Because our bodies are, or ought to be the temples of the Holy Spirit; 1 Corinthians 6:15, 19. Know you not, that your bodies are the members of Christ? Shall I then take the members of Christ, and make them the members of an harlot? God forbid. What, don't you know that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit, which is in you, which you have of God, and you are not your own? And it is the express charge of God that they be kept pure and clean; 1 Thessalonians 4:3, 4. For this is the will of God, even your sanctification, that you should abstain from fornication. That every one of you should know how to possess his vessel in sanctification and honor."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the second reason?", "answer": "The second reason is, because of the evil of it to ourselves: As, (1.) It injures the body; 1 Corinthians 6:18. He who commits fornication, sins against his own body. (2.) It levels us with the Heathen; Ephesians 4:17, 19. This I say therefore, and testify in the Lord, that you henceforth walk not as other Gentiles walk,-who being past feeling, have given themselves over to lasciviousness, to work all impurity with greediness. (3.) Dishonors our names; Proverbs 6:32, 33. But whoever commits adultery with a woman, a wound and dishonor shall he get, etc. (4.) Scatters our estates; Proverbs 5:10. Lest strangers be filled with your wealth, and your labors be in the house of strangers. (5.) Destroys the soul; Proverbs 6:32.-He who does it, destroys his own soul."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What age is most incident to this sin?", "answer": "The youthful age is most apt to be drawn into this sin; Proverbs 7:7. And behold among the simple ones, I discerned among the youths, a young man void of understanding. And 2 Timothy 2:22. Flee also youthful lusts, etc."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How far does this command extend itself?", "answer": "It extends itself to the heart, mind, and fancy, as well as to the body, and external actions; Matthew 5:28. But I say unto you, that whoever looks on a woman, to lust after her, has committed adultery with her already in his heart."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What are the usual inducements to this sin?", "answer": "The usual inducements to this sin are, (1.) Idleness and fullness of the creatures; Ezekiel 16:49, 50. Behold, this was the iniquity of your sister Sodom; pride, fullness of bread, and abundance of idleness was in her, and in her daughters, etc. (2.) Wanton gestures; Isaiah 3:16. Moreover, the Lord says, Because the daughters of Zion are haughty, and walk with stretched forth necks, and wanton eyes, walking, and mincing as they go, and making a tinkling with their feet. (3.) Filthy communication; Ephesians 5:4. Neither filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which are not convenient, etc."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the first remedy against this sin?", "answer": "The first remedy, and the most effectual, is, to get the Spirit of God within us, to sanctify and rule us; Galatians 5:16.-Walk in the Spirit, and you shall not fulfill the lusts of the flesh."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the second remedy?", "answer": "The keeping of a strict watch over the heart; Proverbs 4:23. Keep your heart with all diligence, etc. And over the external senses; Job 31:1. I made a covenant with mine eyes; why then should I think upon a maid?"}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the third remedy against it?", "answer": "Deep and serious consideration of the danger of this sin, and what God threatens against adulterers; Hebrews 13:4.-Whoremongers and adulterers God will judge. 1 Corinthians 6:9, 10.-Be not deceived, neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate,-shall inherit the kingdom of God. And how he describes them, Proverbs 22:14. The mouth of a strange woman is a deep pit; he who is abhorred of the Lord shall fall therein."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the fourth remedy against it?", "answer": "Prayer; Psalm 119:37. Turn away mine eyes from beholding vanity, etc. And, to evidence our sincerity in prayer, we must study to shun all occasions of this sin; Psalm 18:23. I was also upright before him; and I kept myself from mine iniquity."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the first inference from hence?", "answer": "What cause those have to bless God, that have been kept from this sin; though the best ought to be humbled for their heart-pollutions."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the second inference from hence?", "answer": "Let it warn parents to do what in them lies to prevent the ruin of their children by this sin, (1.) By filling their heads and hands with lawful business. (2.) By serious admonitions and prayers for them. (3.) By keeping them from vain and tempting company. (4.) By disposing them seasonably in suitable marriage."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the third inference from hence?", "answer": "Let those that are defiled with this sin repent seriously of it as David did; Psalm 51:8. Make me to hear joy and gladness, that the bones which you have broken may rejoice. And apply the blood of Christ by faith; for in so doing it may be pardoned; 1 Corinthians 6:11. And such were some of you; but you are washed, but you are sanctified, but you are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ, and by the Spirit of our God. Of the eighth Commandment"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "73", "sort_key": 73, "question": "WHICH is the eighth commandment?", "answer": "The eighth commandment is, [You shall not steal.]", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "74", "sort_key": 74, "question": "What is required in the eighth commandment?", "answer": "The eighth commandment requires the lawful procuring and furthering the wealth, and outward estate of ourselves and others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "75", "sort_key": 75, "question": "What is forbidden in the eighth commandment?", "answer": "The eighth commandment forbids whatever does, or may unjustly hinder our own, or our neighbor's wealth, or outward estate.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is presupposed in this commandment?", "answer": "It presupposeth that God has given every man a propriety in his estate, and that no man's goods are common to others, except by his consent in times and cases extraordinary; Acts 2:44. And all that believed were together, and had all things common."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is required in this commandment?", "answer": "It requires of every man diligence in a lawful calling, to get and preserve an estate for his own and other's good; Proverbs 13:11. He who gathers by labor, shall increase. Ephesians 4:28.-But rather let him labor, working with his hands the thing which is good, that he may have to give to him that needs."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What else is required in this commandment?", "answer": "It requires us not only to get and keep the things of the world in a lawful manner, but to distribute and communicate them to those that are in want, and not cast them into temptations of sin, or inevitable ruin; Isaiah 58:10. And if you draw out your soul to the hungry, and satisfy the afflicted soul: Then shall your light rise in obscurity, and your darkness be as the noon-day; 1 John 3:17. But whoever has this world's good, and sees his brother have need, and shuts up his affections of compassion from him, how dwells the love of God in him?"}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What else is required in this commandment?", "answer": "It requires in every man a public spirit to procure and promote the good and prosperity of others: 1 Corinthians 10:24. Let no man seek his own, but every man another's wealth."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What else is required in this command?", "answer": "It requires restitution of all goods, unjustly gotten, or taken from others; Leviticus 6:4. Then it shall be, because he has sinned, and is guilty, that he shall restore that which he took violently away, or the thing which he has deceitfully gotten, etc. And the restoring of pawns and pledges, when they are due; Ezekiel 18:7. And has not oppressed any, but has restored to the debtor his pledge, etc. Or things lost, if we can discover the true owners."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the first sin forbidden in this command?", "answer": "It forbids all cozening arid cheating of others in our dealings, and civil commerce with them; 1 Thessalonians 4:6. That no man go beyond and defraud his brother in any matter, etc. Proverbs 26:28. A lying tongue hates those that are afflicted by it, and a flattering mouth works ruin."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the second thing forbidden in this command?", "answer": "It forbids all exaction and oppression of our neighbor, by going beyond them, or working on their necessities, or detaining their dues; Leviticus 25:14. And if you sell ought unto your neighbor, or buy ought of your neighbor's hand, you shall not oppress one another; Proverbs 24:28, 29. Be not a witness against your neighbor without cause: And deceive not with your lips. Say not, I will do so to him as he has done to me: I will render to the man according to his work."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the third thing forbidden in this command?", "answer": "It forbids all unlawful weights and measures, which is no better than theft in God's account; Micah 6:10, 11. Are there yet the treasures of wickedness in the house of the wicked, and the scant measure that is abominable? Shall I count them pure with the wicked balances, and with the bag of deceitful weights?"}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the fourth sin forbidden in this command?", "answer": "It forbids all family frauds by children; Proverbs 28:24. Whoever robs his father or his mother, and says, it is no transgression, the same is the companion of a destroyer. Or servants; Titus 2:9, 10. Exhort servants to be obedient unto their own masters;-not purloining, but showing all good fidelity, etc."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the fifth thing forbidden in this command?", "answer": "It forbids all tempting of, or encouraging others to defraud those who have any trust committed to them; Psalm 50:18. When you saw a thief, then you consent with him; Proverbs 29:24. Whoever is partner with a thief, hates his own soul, etc."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the sixth thing forbidden in this command?", "answer": "It forbids the taking away of another's goods by open robbery by sea or land; Job 5:5.-And the robber swallows up their substance. Or clandestinely and privately; 1 Peter 4:15. But let none of you suffer as a murderer, or as a thief, etc."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the danger of this sin?", "answer": "It brings men's souls, bodies, and estates, under the curse of God; Zechariah 5:3, 4. Then said he unto me, This is the curse that goes forth over the face of the whole earth: For every one that steals shall be cut off, as on this side, according to it:-I will bring it forth, says the Lord of hosts, and it shall enter into the house of the thief."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the first instruction hence?", "answer": "Let all that are guilty of this sin repent, and restore, as they expect mercy from God; Ephesians 4:28. Let him that stole, steal no more, etc. Luke 19:8. And Zaccheus stood, and said unto the Lord, Behold, Lord, the half of my goods I give to the poor, and if I have taken away anything from any man by false accusation, I restore him fourfold."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the last inference from hence?", "answer": "To excite all, to whom God has given a competency of the things of the world, that they bless God for keeping them from the temptations of this sin; Proverbs 30:8, 9. Give me neither poverty nor riches, feed me with food convenient for me: Lest I be full, and deny you, and say, Who is the Lord? Or lest I be poor, and steal, and take the name of my God in vain. Of the ninth Commandment"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "76", "sort_key": 76, "question": "WHICH is the ninth commandment?", "answer": "The ninth commandment is, [You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.]", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "77", "sort_key": 77, "question": "What is required in the ninth commandment?", "answer": "The ninth commandment requires the maintaining and promoting of truth between man and man, and of our own and our neighbor's good name, especially in witness-bearing.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "78", "sort_key": 78, "question": "What is forbidden in the ninth commandment?", "answer": "The ninth commandment forbids whatever is prejudicial to truth, or injurious to our own or our neighbor's good name.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the general scope and aim of the ninth commandment?", "answer": "The ninth command aims chiefly at the preservation and promoting of truth among men; Zechariah 8:16.-Speak you every man the truth to his neighbor, etc. This being of indispensable necessity to the subsistence and welfare of human society; Ephesians 4:25. Wherefore putting away lying, speak every man truth with his neighbor, for we are members one of another."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the first thing required particularly in this command?", "answer": "This command requires every man to take care of preserving his own good name, by ordering his conversation in universal integrity; 1 Peter 3:15, 16. But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts, and be ready always to give an answer to every one that asks you a reason of the hope that is in you, with meekness and fear; having a good conscience; that whereas they speak evil of you, as of evildoers, they may be ashamed that falsely accuse your good conversation in Christ."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the second thing required in this command?", "answer": "It requires all due care to preserve the good name and honor of other men as well as our own; for Christians are not to be of narrow and private spirits, which center only in their own interests and concernment; Philippians 2:4. Look not every man on his own things; but every man also on the things of others."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "How are we to preserve the good names of others?", "answer": "We are to preserve the good names of others by an inward esteem of all the good that is in them; Philippians 2:3.-In lowness of mind let each esteem others better than themselves. And manifesting our inward esteem of them by a wise and seasonable expression thereof for their encouragement in the ways of godliness; Romans 1:8. FIRST, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all, that your faith is spoken of throughout the whole world."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How else are we to defend other men's names?", "answer": "By our readiness to receive with joy the reports of that good that is in them; 3 John 3. For I rejoiced greatly when the brethren came and testified of the truth that is in you, even as you walk in the truth. And discountenancing all reproaches maliciously vented against them; Psalm 15:3.-Nor takes up a reproach against his neighbor."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "But what if the report be evidently true?", "answer": "In that case we are to grieve for their miscarriages, as the effect and fruit of our love to their souls; 2 Corinthians 2:4. For out of much affliction and anguish of heart, I wrote unto you with many tears, not that you should be grieved, but that you might know the love which I have more abundantly unto you. And to discharge our duties privately and faithfully, in order to their recovery; Matthew 18:15, 16, 17. Moreover, if your brother shall trespass against you, go and tell him his fault between you and him alone, etc. Winking at, and concealing in love, their lesser and common infirmities; 1 Peter 4:8. And above all things have fervent charity among yourselves: For charity shall cover the multitude of sins."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is forbidden in the ninth commandment?", "answer": "It forbids us to injure others, by raising or receiving lies, and false reports which are highly injurious to their good names; Colossians 3:9. Lie not one to another, etc."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What else is forbidden in the ninth commandment?", "answer": "It especially forbids perjury, or false swearing, whereby not only the names, but estates and lives of the innocent are injured and ruined; Psalm 35:11. False witnesses did rise up. They laid to my charge things that I knew not; Proverbs 19:5. A false witness shall not be unpunished: And he who speaks lies shall not escape. A sin which God will punish; Malachi 3:5. And I will come near to you to judgment, and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against false swearers, etc."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What else is forbidden in this commandment?", "answer": "It forbids all whispering and backbiting of others secretly; 2 Corinthians 12:20.-Lest there be debates, envyings, wraths, strifes, backbitings, whisperings, etc. And all tale-carrying from one to another, to our neighbor's injury; Leviticus 19:16. You shall not go up and down as a tale-bearer among the people, etc. And 1 Timothy 5:13.-And not only idle, but tatlers also, and busy-bodies, speaking things which they ought not."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What else does the ninth commandment forbid?", "answer": "It forbids all rash and unwarrantable judging of other men's hearts and final estates which is usually accompanied with ignorance of our own; Matthew 7:1, 3. Judge not, that you be not judged. And why behold you the mote that is in your brother's eye, but consider not the beam that is in your own eye?"}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What else is forbidden in this commandment?", "answer": "It forbids the eclipsing of the true worth and honor of others, by a proud exalting of ourselves; 1 Corinthians 13:4, 5. Charity envies not, charity vaunts not itself, is not puffed up, etc. Or by crying up one to the disparagement of another good man; 1 Corinthians 3:4, 5. For while one says, I am of Paul, and another, I am of Apollos, are you not carnal? etc."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the first inference from hence?", "answer": "That the best Christians have cause to be humbled for the sins of the tongue whereby God is dishonored, and others are injured; James 3:2. If any man offend not in word, the same is a perfect man, and able also to bridle the whole body. And verse 5, 6. Even so the tongue is a little member, and boasts great things: behold how great a matter a little fire kindles. And the tongue is afire, a world of iniquity: so is the tongue among our members, that it defiles the whole body, and sets on fire the course of nature; and it is set on fire of Hell."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the second inference from hence?", "answer": "It is our great concernment to walk with that piety and justice towards God and men, as to cut off all just occasions of reproach from our names; 2 Corinthians 11:12. But what I do, that I will do, that I may cut off occasion from them which desire occasions, etc. 1 Timothy 5:14 I will therefore that the younger women marry, bear children, guide the house, give none occasion to the adversary to speak reproachfully."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the third inference from this commandment?", "answer": "To bless God that our names are kept sweet and honorable in the world among good men; 3 John 12. Demetrius has a good report of all men, etc. Or if we be reproached, it is by none but wicked men, and that for our duty to God; Daniel 6:5. Then said these men, we shall not find any occasion against this Daniel, except we find it against him concerning the law of his God. Of the tenth Commandment"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "79", "sort_key": 79, "question": "WHICH is the tenth commandment?", "answer": "The tenth commandment is, [You shall not covet your neighbor's house, you shall not covet your neighbor's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maid-servant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is your neighbor's.]", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "80", "sort_key": 80, "question": "What is required in the tenth commandment?", "answer": "The tenth commandment requires full contentment with our own condition, and a right and charitable frame of spirit towards our neighbor, and all that is his.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "81", "sort_key": 81, "question": "What is forbidden in the tenth commandment?", "answer": "The tenth commandment forbids all discontentment with our own estate, envying or grieving at the good of our neighbor, and all inordinate motions and affections to anything that is his.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the principal scope and aim of the tenth commandment?", "answer": "It is to prevent all occasions of transgressing the other precepts of the second table, by restraining this sin of covetousness in the heart; Psalm 119:35, 36. Make me to go in the path of your commandments, for therein do I delight. Incline my heart unto your testimonies, and not to covetousness."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What does this tenth command require of us in reference to ourselves?", "answer": "It requires of us perfect contentment and satisfaction with that estate and condition wherein God has placed us in the world; Hebrews 13:5. Let your conversation be without covetousness, and be content with such things as you have, etc. Reckoning it to be good for us to be in that state we are, though never so low or afflicted; Psalm 119:67. Before I was afflicted, I went astray; but now have I kept your word. And verse 71. It is good for me that I have been afflicted, that I might learn your statutes."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Is contentment with God's appointments attainable in this life?", "answer": "Some Christians have attained to a very great measure, and eminent degree of contentment in the midst of changeable and afflictive providences; Philippians 4:11.-I have learned in whatever state I am, therewith to be content. Psalm 16:5, 6. The Lord is the portion of mine inheritance, and of my cup: you maintain my lot. The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places: yes, I have a goodly heritage."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Is there no danger of the sin of discontentment in a full and prosperous condition?", "answer": "Fullness of the world secures no man from the sin of discontentment with his own, or covering that which is another's; because the desires enlarge as the estate does; Psalm 62:10.-If riches increase, set not your heart upon them. An instance whereof we have in Ahab, 1 Kings 21:4. And Ahab came into his house heavy and displeased, because of the word which Naboth the Jezreelite had spoken to him: for he had said, I will not give you the inheritance of my fathers; and he laid him down upon his bed, and turned away his face, and would eat no bread."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Whence does discontent with our condition spring?", "answer": "It springs partly from our ignorance of God's wisdom and love in ordering all for our good; Romans 8:28. And we know that all things work together for good to them that love God, etc. Partly from our inconsiderateness of the vanity of the creatures; 1 Timothy 6:7, 8. For we brought nothing into this world, and it is certain we can carry nothing out. And having food and clothing, let us be therewith content. And partly from our unbelief; Matthew 6:31, 32. Therefore take no thought, saying, What shall we eat? Or what shall we drink? Or wherewithal shall we be clothed? (For after all these things do the Gentiles seek;) for your heavenly Father knows that you have need of all these things."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Is contentment with our own estate all that this commandment requires?", "answer": "No; it requires a charitable frame of spirit towards our neighbors also; Romans 12:10, 15. Be kindly affectionate one to another, with brotherly love, in honor preferring one another. Rejoice with them that do rejoice, and weep with them that weep."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the first sin forbidden in this commandment?", "answer": "It directly and especially forbids all sinful and inordinate desires and motions after other men's enjoyments; Colossians 3:5. Mortify therefore your members which are upon the earth, fornication, impurity, inordinate affection, evil concupiscence, and covetousness, which is idolatry."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the second sin forbidden in this commandment?", "answer": "It forbids all cruelty and incompassionateness to others in necessity, and keeping back from them that relief which is made theirs by God's command; Proverbs 11:24. There is that with-holds more than is meet, but it tends to poverty. Leviticus 19:9, 10. And when you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not wholly reap the corners of your field, neither shall you gather the gleanings of your harvest. And you shall not glean your vineyard, neither shall you gather every grape of your vineyard: you shall leave them for the poor and the stranger: I am the Lord your God."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the third sin forbidden in this commandment?", "answer": "It forbids the detaining of the hirelings wages, when it is due; Habakkuk 2:9, 10, 11. Woe to him that covets an evil covetousness to his house, that he may set his nest on high, that he may be delivered from the power of evil. You have consulted shame to your house, by cutting off many people, and have sinned against your soul. For the stone shall cry out of the wall, and the beam out of the timber shall answer it."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the fourth sin forbidden in this commandment?", "answer": "It forbids all inward grudgings at, and envyings of the enjoyments of others, whether they be inward goods of the mind, or outward, belonging to the body; 1 Corinthians 13:4. Charity envies not, etc."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the mischief of covetousness?", "answer": "It distracts your heart in duties; Ezekiel 33:31. And they come unto you as the people comes, and they sit before you as my people, and they hear your words, but they will not do them; for with their mouths they show much love, but their heart goes after their covetousness. Provokes the wrath of God; Isaiah 57:17. For the iniquity of his covetousness was I wroth, and smote him, etc. And where it reigns it becomes idolatry; Colossians 3:5. And covetousness, which is idolatry."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the first inference from hence?", "answer": "It calls all men to humiliation for the inordinancy of their affections towards the world, their discontent with their own and envyings of others conditions."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the second inference from hence?", "answer": "As ever we would keep clear from this sin, let us make God our portion; Psalm 16:5, 6. The Lord is the portion of mine inheritance, and of my cup; you maintain my lot. And labor to get the soul-satisfying comforts of his Spirit; John 4:14. But whoever drinks of the water that I shall give him, shall never thirst, etc. 2 Corinthians 6:10. As having nothing, and yet possessing all things."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the last inference from hence?", "answer": "If God has given us a sufficiency of the things of this life for our necessity, let us be satisfied, though we want other things for our delight; 1 Timothy 6:8. And having food and clothing, let us be therewith content. And relieve ourselves by an expectation of those better things laid up in Heaven for us, if we be believers; James 2:5. Has not God chosen the poor of this world, rich in faith, and heirs of the kingdom, which he has promised to them that love him. Of keeping the Law"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "82", "sort_key": 82, "question": "IS any man able perfectly to keep the commandments of God?", "answer": "No mere man since the fail is able in this life perfectly to keep the commandments of God, but does daily break them in thought, word, and deed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Wherein does the perfect keeping of God's law consist?", "answer": "It consists in the perfect and constant conformity of the internal arid external actions of heart and life, to every command of God; Galatians 3:10. Cursed is every one that continues not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them. Matthew 22:37, 38, 39. Jesus said unto them, You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind. This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like unto it, You shall love your neighbor as yourself."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "But if a man commit no external act against the law, may he not be said perfectly to keep it, although in mind or thought he should trangress?", "answer": "No; for an inward motion of sin in the hearty that never breaks forth into act, is a violation of the law, and brings the soul under the curse of it; Matthew 5:21, 22. You have heard that it was said by them of old time, You shall not kill: And whoever shall kill, shall be in danger of the judgment. But I say unto you, that whoever is angry with his brother without a cause, shall be in danger of the judgment, etc. And verse 27, 28. You have heard that it was said by them of old time, You shall not commit adultery. But I say unto you, that whoever looks upon a woman to lust after her, has committed adultery with her already in his heart."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "May not a man keep the law if he keep some of its commands, though he cannot keep every one of them punctually?", "answer": "No, he cannot; for the transgression of any one command in the least degree, is a breach of all, and brings the curse of the whole upon a man's soul; James 2:10. For whoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Was the law never kept by any since it was made?", "answer": "Yes, Adam in his innocent state kept it; for he was made upright; Ecclesiastes 7:29. God made man upright, etc. And Christ perfectly kept it; Matthew 5:17. Think not that I am come to destroy the law or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfill."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is the first reason why no mere man in this life can fulfill and keep the law of God perfectly?", "answer": "It is because the law of God is perfect, and the best of men in this life are imperfect; Psalm 19:7. The law of the Lord is perfect, etc. Ecclesiastes 7:20. For there is not a just man upon earth, that does good, and sins not."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "But may not men perfectly keep it when regenerate, and born of God?", "answer": "No; because even in the regenerate there is a law of sin, which wars against the law of God; Galatians 5:17. For the flesh lusts against the spirit, and the spirit against the flesh, etc. Romans 7:22, 23. For I delight in the law of God after the inward man. But I see another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind, etc. And though they are said not to sin, 1 John 3:9. Whoever is born of God, does not commit sin, etc. That is not to be taken absolutely, but comparatively, as they once did, and others still do."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "But did not Christ command the young man to keep the law?", "answer": "It is true that Christ did put the young man upon this task; Matthew 19:17. If you will enter into life, keep the commandments. But it was not on a supposition that he was able to do it; but to convince him of the impossibility of justification that way."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "But does not the apostle say, that the righteousness of the law is fulfilled in believers?", "answer": "It is true that the apostle does say, Romans 8:4 but the meaning is not, that we fulfill it in our own persons, by our complete obedience to it; but it is fulfilled in us, by our union with Christ, who perfectly kept it; and the righteousness of the law, which is in Christ, becomes ours, by God's imputation of it to us; Romans 4:23, 24. Now it was not written for his sake alone, that it was imputed to him; but for us also, to whom it shall be imputed, if we believe on him that raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead,"}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the first inference from hence?", "answer": "That justification by our own works is utterly impossible to the holiest of men; Galatians 2:16. For by the works of the law no flesh can be justified; Psalm 103:3. If you, Lord, should mark iniquities; O Lord, who shall stand?"}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the second inference from hence?", "answer": "Hence we learn what an infinite mercy it is, that God sent Jesus Christ made under the law; Galatians 4:4, 5. But when the fullness of time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law, etc. To do that for us we could never do for ourselves; Romans 8:3, 4. For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin condemned sin in the flesh; that the righteousness of the law might be fulfilled in us; who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the third inference from hence?", "answer": "That the dreadful curse must needs lie on all unbelievers that are out of Christ; John 3:36. He who believes not the Son, shall not see life; but the wrath of God abides on him. And seek their justification by the deeds of the law; Galatians 3:10. For as many as are of the works of the law, are under the curse, etc."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the fourth inference from hence?", "answer": "That a deluge of sin and misery brake in upon the whole world by the fall of Adam, and all his posterity being by him plunged under both; Romans 5:12. Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin: And so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the fifth inference from hence?", "answer": "That the Popish doctrines of merits, and works of supererogation, are false and groundless doctrines, springing out of the ignorance and pride of man's heart."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the last inference from hence?", "answer": "That all God's people should sigh under their unhappy necessity of sinning; Romans 7:24. O wretched man that I am, who shall deliver me from the body of this death! And long to be with Christ in the perfect state; Hebrews 12:23. And to the spirits of just men made perfect. Of the inequality of Sin"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "83", "sort_key": 83, "question": "ARE all transgressions of the law equally heinous?", "answer": "Some sins in themselves, and by reason of several aggravations, are more heinous in the sight of God than others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Whence arises the first difference of sin?", "answer": "The first difference between one sin and another, arises from the immediate object, against which the sin is committed; on this account, sins immediately committed against God, are more heinous than sins immediately committed against man; 1 Samuel 2:25. If one man sin against another, the judge shall judge him: But if a man sin against the Lord, who shall entreat for him? And all sins of the first table are greater than those of the second: yet there are crying sins against the second."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the first sin noted for an heinous sin?", "answer": "The sin of murder is in scripture set down for an heinous and crying sin in its own nature; Genesis 4:10. The voice of your brother's blood cries unto me from the earth."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What other sin is noted for a crying sin?", "answer": "The sin of oppression is noted in scripture for a crying sin; Habakkuk 2:11. For the stone shall cry out of the wall, and the beam out of the timber shall answer it. Especially the oppression of the widow and fatherless; Exodus 22:22, 23. You shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child. If you afflict them in any wise, and they cry at all unto me, I will surely hear their cry."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is reckoned in scripture an heinous sin against the first table.", "answer": "The sin of atheism, or denying the being of a God, is a sin of the first magnitude; Job 31:28. This also were an iniquity to be punished by the judge; for I should have denied the God that is above. This was the sin of Pharaoh; Exodus 5:2. And Pharaoh said, Who is the Lord, that I should obey his voice to let Israel go? I know not the Lord, neither will I let Israel go."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What other sin is heinous in God's account?", "answer": "The sin of idolatry is a most heinous sin, and goes nearer to the heart of God than other sins do; Ezekiel 6:9. And they that escape of you, shall remember me among the nations where they shall be carried captives; because I am broken with their whorish heart, which has departed from me, and with their eyes, which go a whoring after their idols; and they shall loath themselves, for the evils which they have committed in all their abominations. Jeremiah 44:4. O do not this abominable thing that I hate."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the most heinous of all the sins in the world?", "answer": "The sin against the Holy Spirit is the most heinous of all other sins, and shall never be forgiven by him; Matthew 12:31. All manner of sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven unto men; but the blasphemy against the Holy Spirit shall not be forgiven unto men."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "From whence does this scripture aggravate sin?", "answer": "The Spirit of God in scripture aggravates and estimates sin, from the degree of light and knowledge men sin against; Luke 12:47. And that servant which knew his Lord's will, and prepared not himself, neither did according to his will, shall be beaten with many-stripes. John 15:22. If I had not come, and spoken unto them, they had not had sin: But now they have no cloak for their sin."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the second thing that aggravates sin?", "answer": "The more mercies any man sins against, the greater is his sin; Romans 2:4. Or Despise you the riches of his goodness, and forbearance, and long suffering, not knowing that the goodness of God leads you to repentance? And especially when it is against spiritual mercies, and means of salvation; Hebrews 2:3. How shall we escape, if we neglect so great salvation? etc."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Are heinous and crying sins capable of forgiveness?", "answer": "Yes; great and heinous sins are capable of forgiveness, upon true repentance; Isaiah 1:18. Though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "From what fountain does the pardon of all sins, both great and small, flow?", "answer": "They all flow from the free grace of God; Luke 7:41, 42. And when they had nothing to pay, he forgave them both. And through the meritorious, satisfying blood of Christ; Ephesians 1:7. In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the first inference hence?", "answer": "Though some sins are more heinous than others, yet no sinner should absolutely despair of mercy; for the vilest have been pardoned; 1 Corinthians 6:11. And such were some of you: But you are washed, but you are sanctified, but you are jutsified, etc."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the second inference hence?", "answer": "That there are different degrees of torments in Hell, proportioned to the different degrees of sins on earth. Matthew 11:21, 22. Woe unto you, Chorazin, Woe unto you, Bethsaida: For if the mighty works which were done in you, had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes. But I say unto you, it shall be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon, at the day of judgment, than for you."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the third inference hence?", "answer": "That great sinners, when pardoned and received to mercy, should excel all others in love to Christ; Luke 7:42, 43. Which of them will love him most? Simon answered and said, I suppose that he to whom he forgave most. And he said unto him, You have rightly judged."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the last inference hence?", "answer": "Let no man neglect Christ, because his sins are not so heinous as others; because the least sin without Christ is damning; Romans 6:23. For the wages of sin is death, etc. And greater sinners are often called when lesser are not; Matthew 21:31, 32. The publicans and harlots go into the kingdom of God before you. Of the Demerit of Sin"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "84", "sort_key": 84, "question": "WHAT does every sin deserve?", "answer": "Every sin deserves God's wrath and curse, both in this life and in that which is to come.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Wherein does the evil of sin principally consist?", "answer": "It consists principally in the offence it gives, and the wrong it does to God; Psalm 51:4. Against you, you only have I sinned, and done this evil in your sight."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the first offence and wrong sin does to God?", "answer": "It consists in its enmity to God; Romans 8:7. Because the carnal mind is enmity against God, etc. Expressed in scripture by walking contrary to him; Leviticus 26:40. They have also walked contrary to me. Fighting against God; Acts 5:39. Lest haply you be even found to fight against God. And resisting his Spirit; Acts 7:51. You do always resist the Holy Spirit."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Wherein is its enmity to God further discovered in scripture?", "answer": "It is discovered under the names and notions of hatred of God; Romans 1:30. Backbiters, haters of God, etc. Rebellion against God; 1 Samuel 15:23. For rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft, etc. And despising the commandment of God; 2 Samuel 12:9. Wherefore have you despised the commandment of the Lord?"}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What are the attributes of God that sin wrongs?", "answer": "It wrongs all his attributes; for it slights his sovereignty; Exodus 5:2. And Pharaoh said, Who is the Lord, that I should obey his voice, to let Israel go? Resists his power; 1 Corinthians 10:22. Are we stronger than he? Despises his goodness; Romans 2:4. Or Despise you the riches of his goodness, etc. Taxeth his justice; Ezekiel 18:25. Yet you say, the way of the Lord is not equal, etc. And clouds his holiness; James 2:7. Do not they blaspheme that worthy name, by which you are called?"}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What does sin deserve in the course of justice from God?", "answer": "It deserves all temporal and eternal effects of God's wrath, on the souls and bodies of sinners, all which in scripture go under the name of death; Romans 6:23. For the wages of sin is death, etc."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Can these sufferings satisfy God for all this wrong?", "answer": "No, they cannot; and therefore they must, and shall be eternal on the damned; Matthew 5:26. Truly, I say unto you, you shall by no means come out thence, until you have paid the uttermost farthing. Mark 9:44. Where their worm dies not, and the fire is not quenched."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Shall all sinners bear the desert of their sins?", "answer": "No, all that are out of Christ shall; but Christ has freed believers from it; John 3:18. He who believes on him is not condemned, etc."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "But is it not hard, that sinners should suffer eternally for the sins of a few years?", "answer": "No, it is not; for the evil of sin is not to be measured by the time in which, but by the object against which it is committed; Psalm 51:4, 5. Against you, you only have I sinned, and done this evil in your sight, etc."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What learn we from hence?", "answer": "Hence in the first place we learn the impossibility of satisfying God's justice for the least sin that ever we committed; Job 7:20. I have sinned, what shall I do unto you? etc. Psalm 130:3. If you, Lord, should mark iniquity, O Lord, who shall stand?"}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the second instruction hence?", "answer": "Hence we see the necessity of a Mediator between God and us; Psalm 40:6, 7. Sacrifice and offering you did not desire, etc. Then said I, Lo, I come: in the volume of the book it is written of me."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the third instruction hence?", "answer": "That the greatest suffering is rather to be chosen than the least sin; Hebrews 11:25. Chusing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God, than to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the fourth instruction hence?", "answer": "It teaches us what an invaluable mercy the full, free, and final remission of sin is; Psalm 32:1. Blessed is he whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered, etc."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the fifth instruction hence?", "answer": "It vindicates God in his severest strokes on sinners; Hosea 6. Therefore have I hewed them by the prophets: I have slain them by the words of my mouth, and your judgments are as the light that goes forth."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the last instruction?", "answer": "Hence we learn the infinite nature of Christ's sufferings; Romans 8:32. He who spared not his own Son, but delivered him up for us all, how shall he not with him also freely give us all things? Of what God requires of us"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "85", "sort_key": 85, "question": "WHAT does God require of us, that we may escape his wrath and curse due to us for sin?", "answer": "To escape the wrath and curse of God due to us for sin, God requires of us faith in Jesus Christ, repentance unto life, with the diligent use of all the outward means, whereby Christ communicates to us the benefits of redemption.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What are the things required of us to escape God's wrath and curse due to us for sin?", "answer": "The things required of us are, (1.) Faith in Jesus Christ; Acts 16:31. And they said, Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and you shall be saved, and your house. (2.) Repentance for sin; Acts 3:19. Repent you, therefore, and be converted, that your sins may be blotted out, etc. (3.) Diligent striving in the use of all God's appointed means; Luke 13:24. Strive to enter in at the strait gate: For many, I say unto you, shall seek to enter in, and shall not be able."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Are these things in man's power to perform, that God requires of him?", "answer": "Though they are our duties, yet we have no power in ourselves by nature to perform them, but the power is of God; 2 Corinthians 3:5. Not that we are sufficient of ourselves to think anything as of ourselves, but our sufficiency is of God."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "But if men be in Christ, and justified from eternity, what need of this?", "answer": "Though God from eternity decreed, and Christ long since purchased the salvation of the elect; yet have they no union with Christ until they believe; Ephesians 3:17. That Christ may dwell in your hearts by faith, that you being rooted and grounded in love. Nor remission of sin; Acts 3:19. That your sins may be blotted out, when the times of refreshing shall come from the presence of the Lord. But lie under wrath as others do; Ephesians 2:3, 12. And were by nature the children of wrath, even as others. Verse 12. That at that time you were without Christ, being aliens from the common-wealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "If it be God that can only work these graces in us, to what purpose is our striving?", "answer": "God's working does not exclude man's striving, but more excites and obliges us to it; Philippians 2:12, 13. Work out your own salvation with fear and trembling: For it is God which works in you, both to will and to do, of his own good pleasure."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "To what purpose is it to strive in the use of means, except we knew we were elected?", "answer": "The knowledge of our election is not antecedent to our diligence, but our diligence is required antecedently to that knowledge; 1 Peter 1:10. Wherefore the rather, brethren, give diligence to make your calling and election sure, etc."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Is it not legal to put natural men upon striving in the use of means?", "answer": "No, it is not; for Christ himself enjoins it? Luke 13:24. Strive to enter in at the strait gate, etc. And so did the apostles after him; Acts 8:22. Repent therefore of this your wickedness, and pray God, if perhaps the thought of your heart may be forgiven you."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Is there no escaping of God's wrath and curse without faith and repentance?", "answer": "No, it is impossible to escape them; John 3:18. He who believes not, is condemned already. Hebrews 2:3. How shall we escape if we neglect so great salvation?"}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "But if a man reform his life, and live soberly and justly for time to come, may he not that way escape God's wrath and curse?", "answer": "No; sobriety and reformation are duties, but it is faith and regeneration that puts men into Christ, and out of danger; Matthew 5:20. Except your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the Scribes and Pharisees, you shall in no case enter into the kingdom of Heaven. Titus 3:5. Not by works of righteousness, which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Spirit."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Do all believing and penitent sinners escape God's wrath and curse?", "answer": "Yes, they do, and shall forever escape it; Romans 8:1. There is therefore now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus, etc. Colossians 1:12, 13. Giving thanks unto God the Father, which has made us meet to be partakers of the inheritance of the saints in light; who has delivered us from the power of darkness, and has translated us into the kingdom of his dear Son. John 5:24. He who hears my word, and believes on him that sent me, has everlasting life, and shall not come into condemnation; but is passed from death unto life."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the first inference hence?", "answer": "Hence it appears how false and dangerous the Antinomian doctrine is, which teaches that our sins are pardoned before they are committed, or we either believe or repent; contrary to Acts 26:18. To open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness unto light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of sin, and inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith that is in me. James 5:20. He which converts the sinner from the error of his way, shall save a soul from death, etc. Acts 10:43. To him give all the prophets witness, that through his name whoever believes in him shall receive remission of sins."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the second inference hence?", "answer": "Hence it follows, that it is dangerous on the one side not to strive in all the ways of duty for Christ and salvation, contrary to Luke 13:24. Strive to enter in at the strait gate; for many, I say unto you, will seek to enter in, and shall not be able. And as dangerous, on the other side, to rest in, and depend on our own works and duties; Philippians 3:9. And be found in him, not having my own righteousness, which is of the law, but that which is through faith in Christ, the righteousness which is of God by faith."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the third inference hence?", "answer": "Hence we learn the miserable state of all unbelievers, and impenitent persons; the curse and wrath of God lies upon them; Galatians 3:10. For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse, etc. And their warrant for Hell is already made; John 3:18. He who believes not, is condemned already."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the fourth inference hence?", "answer": "Hence we learn the happy state into which faith and repentance bring the souls of men; Acts 13:38, 39. By him all that believe are justified from all things, from which you could not be justified by the law of Moses. Of saving Faith"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "86", "sort_key": 86, "question": "WHAT is faith in Jesus Christ?", "answer": "Faith in Jesus Christ is a saving grace, whereby we receive and rest upon him alone for salvation, as he is offered to us in the gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the root or cause of faith?", "answer": "Not the power of man's will; Ephesians 2:8. For by grace are you saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God; But the Spirit of God. Galatians 5:22. But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, long-suffering, gentleness, goodness, faith. John 1:12, 13. But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name; which were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How does the Spirit of God ordinarily produce faith?", "answer": "By the preaching of the word he ordinarily begets it; Romans 10:17. Faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of God; though sometimes he does it immediately."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Who are the proper subjects of faith?", "answer": "Convinced and sensible sinners are the proper subjects of faith; John 16:8, 9, 10. And when he is come, he will reprove the world of sin, of righteousness, and of judgment. Of sin, because they believe not on me: of righteousness, because I go to my Father, and you see me no more: of judgment, because the prince of this world is judged."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is the seat or habitation of faith?", "answer": "Not only the head or understanding, but principally the heart and will; Romans 10:10. With the heart man believes unto righteousness, etc. Acts 8:37. And Philip said, If you Believe with all your heart, you may."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "But is not the assent of the understanding true faith?", "answer": "The mere assent of the understanding to the truths of scripture, is not such a faith as will save the soul; James 2:19. You Believe that there is one God; you do well: the devils also believe, and tremble."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the act of faith that justifies a sinner?", "answer": "It is the receiving of Christ, by the full and hearty consent of the heart that justifies us? John 1:12. But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the object of faith?", "answer": "The primary object of faith is the person of Christ, and the secondary are his benefits; Isaiah 45:22. Look unto me, and be saved, all the ends of the earth, etc. Philippians 3:8, 9. Yes, doubtless, and I count all things but loss, for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord: For whom I have suffered the loss of all things, and do count them but dung that I may win Christ, and be found in him, not having my own righteousness which is of the law, but that which is through faith in Christ; the righteousness which is of God by faith."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "May not a man look partly to Christ, and partly to his own works and duties for righteousness?", "answer": "No; he must eye Christ only, and exclude all others, or he cannot be justified; Philippians 3:9. And be found in him, not having my own righteousness, which is of the law, but that which is through faith in Christ: The righteousness which is of God by faith, Romans 4:5. But to him that works not, but believes on him that justifies the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Is it enough to eye the person of Christ only in believing?", "answer": "No; we must eye the person of Christ, as clothed with all his offices; Acts 16:31. And they said, Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and you shall be saved, and your house. Our ignorance needs him as a prophet, our guilt as a priest, our sins and enemies as a king."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Is true faith faith exclusive of all fears and doubts?", "answer": "No; it is not, but true believers are troubled with many fears and doubtings; Isaiah 50:10. Who is he among you that fears the Lord, that obeys the voice of his servant, that walks in darkness, and has no light, etc. Mark 9:24. And immediately the Father of the child cries out with tears, Lord, I believe, help you mine unbelief."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Is no man actually justified until he believe?", "answer": "No, he cannot be justified actually until he believe actually; Galatians 3:22. But the scripture has concluded all under sin, that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe John 3:18. He who believes on him, is not condemned: But he who believes not is condemned already, because he has not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Is every man who believes justified immediately and fully upon his believing?", "answer": "Yes, he is; Romans 5:1. Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ. John 5:24. He who hears my words, and believes on him that sent me, has everlasting life, and shall not come into condemnation; but is passed from death unto life."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the true character or description of a believer?", "answer": "He is one that, having been convinced of his sin and misery, and of his own and all other creatures inability to save him, and of the ability and willingness of Christ to save him, lets go all hold and dependence on creatures, and his own righteousness, and casts himself entirely upon Christ for righteousness and life. Of the Properties, Signs, and Means of Faith"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "87", "sort_key": 87, "question": "WHAT is repentance unto life?", "answer": "Repentance unto life is a saving grace, whereby a sinner, out of a true sense of his sin, and apprehension of the mercy of God in Christ, does with grief and hatred of his sin, turn from it unto God, with full purpose of, and endeavor after new obedience.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Who is the author of saving repentance?", "answer": "The Spirit of God is the author of it; the heart by nature is so hard, that none but the Spirit can break it; Ezekiel 36:26, 27. A new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you: And I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you an heart of flesh. And I will put my Spirit within you, etc."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "In what act does all true repentance begin?", "answer": "It begins in a true sight and sense of sin, and the danger and misery we are in by sin; Acts 2:37. Now when they heard this, they were pricked in their hearts, etc."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Why does God work such a sense of sin and misery?", "answer": "He does it to make Christ desirable in the sinner's eyes, that he may fly to him; Matthew 9:12, 13. But when Jesus heard that, he said unto them, They that be whole need not a physician, but they that are sick. But go you and learn what that means, and I will have mercy, and not sacrifice; for I am not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Is the sight of sin sufficient to repentance?", "answer": "No; there must be apprehension of mercy and forgiveness with God, or else no man can sincerely repent; Romans 2:4. Not knowing that the goodness of God leads you to repentance. And this mercy must be discerned in and through Christ; Zechariah 12:10. And they shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him as one mourns for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him as one that is in bitterness for his first-born."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Wherein does repentance chiefly consist?", "answer": "It consists in real inward sorrow for sin, as committed against God: Psalm 51:3, 4. For I acknowledge my transgressions, and my sin is ever before me. Against you, you only have I sinned, and done this evil in your sight, etc. A loathing of ourselves for it; Ezekiel 36:31. And shall loath yourselves in your own sight, for your iniquities, and for your abominations. And of our best duties, as sinful and insufficient things; Isaiah 64:5, 6. We are all as an unclean thing; and all our righteousnesses are as filthy rags, etc."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Wherein else does it consist?", "answer": "In turning from sin, as well as grieving for it; Isaiah 55:7. Let the wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous man his thoughts, etc. Proverbs 28:13. He who covers his sins, shall not prosper; but whoever confesses and forsakes them, shall have mercy."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Is turning from sin sufficient?", "answer": "No, that is but the negative part of religion; there must be also a sincere turning to God; Psalm 119:59. I thought on my ways, and turned my feet unto your testimonies; Acts 11:23. And exhorted them all, that with purpose of heart they would cleave unto the Lord."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Is all sorrow for sin saving?", "answer": "No; there is a repentance that does no good; Matthew 27:3. Then Judas which had betrayed him, when he saw that he was condemned, repented himself, etc. And a repentance unto life; Acts 11:18. Then has God also to the Gentiles granted repentance unto life."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What are the signs of true repentance?", "answer": "Fear of sin; care to preserve ourselves from it; and zeal to honor God by new obedience; 2 Corinthians 7:11. For behold, this self-same thing that you sorrowed after a godly sort, what carefulness it wrought in you; yes, what clearing of yourselves; yes, what indignation; yes, what fear; yes, what vehement desire; yes, what zeal; yes, what revenge? In all things you have approved yourselves to be clear in this matter."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Is there a necessity of repentance in order to forgiveness?", "answer": "Yes, there is; and they are therefore conjoined in scripture; Acts 5:31. For to give repentance to Israel, and forgiveness of sins And destruction threatened to the impenitent: Luke 13:3. Except you repent, you shall all likewise perish."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the first inference hence?", "answer": "That it is a false doctrine which teaches us that sins are actually forgiven from eternity; and therefore no need either of repentance or prayer, save only for the manifestation of pardon."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the second inference hence?", "answer": "That an hard heart is a dreadful sign of a lost state of soul; Romans 2:5. But after your hardness and impenitent heart, treasures up unto yourself wrath against the day of wrath, and revelation of the righteous judgment of God."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the last inference hence?", "answer": "That there is no cause to despair of the vilest sinner, seeing there is power enough in the Spirit of God to break the hardest heart; Ezekiel 36:26. I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you an heart of flesh. Of Christ's Ordinances"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "88", "sort_key": 88, "question": "WHAT are the outward means whereby Christ communicates to us the benefits of redemption?", "answer": "The outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicates to us the benefits of redemption, are his ordinances; especially the word, sacraments, and prayer; all which are made effectual to the elect for salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What makes anything become a divine ordinance?", "answer": "The institution or appointment of God, is that alone which makes a divine ordinance; Matthew 28:20. Teaching them to observe all things whatever I have commanded you, etc."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Are the institutions of all ordinances alike clear in scripture?", "answer": "No; Some are more explicitly and clearly revealed in scripture than others; as the Lord's supper is more clear than baptism: But whatever has scripture-warrant, in the words or consequence, is of divine appointment."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "May not men institute ordinances of divine worship?", "answer": "No; this in scripture is condemned as will-worship; Colossians 2:20, 22, 23. Wherefore if you be dead with Christ from the rudiments of the world; why, as though living in the world, are you subject to ordinances? etc. Which things indeed have a show of wisdom in will-worship, etc."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Why cannot man institute a divine ordinance?", "answer": "He cannot do it, because it is the prerogative belonging to Christ's kingly office; Matthew 28:20. Teaching them to observe all things whatever I have commanded you."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "For what other reason cannot man do it?", "answer": "Because he cannot bless them, and make them effectual to their ends: but they will be in vain; Matthew 15:9. But in vain do they worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Why are the ordinances called means of salvation?", "answer": "Because by and through them the Spirit of the Lord conveys spiritual graces into men's souls; 1 Corinthians 1:21. It pleased God, by the foolishness of preaching, to save them that believe. 1 Corinthians 3:5. Who then is Paul, and who is Apollos, but ministers by whom you believed, even as the Lord gave to every man?"}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Whence is the virtue of ordinances?", "answer": "It is not in and from themselves, or the gifts and abilities of him that administers them, but from the blessing and Spirit of the Lord; 1 Corinthians 3:7. Neither is he who plants anything, neither he who waters, but God that gives the increase."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Do all God's ordinances attain their end?", "answer": "Yes; there is none of them in vain, but do attain their end, in the salvation or damnation of all that come under them; Isaiah 55:10, 11. For as the rain comes down, and the snow from Heaven, and returns not thither, but waters the earth, and makes it bring forth and bud, that it may give seed to the sower, and bread to the eater: So shall my word be, that goes forth out of my mouth: It shall not return unto me void; but it shall accomplish that which I please, and it shall prosper in the thing whereto I send it. 2 Corinthians 2:15, 16. For we are unto God a sweet savor of Christ, in them that are saved, and in them that perish: To the one we are the savor of death unto death, and to the other the savor of life unto life, etc."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Are instituted ordinances the only means of salvation?", "answer": "They are not the only means; for God can convert men to Christ without them; Acts 9:4, 5. And he fell to the earth, and heard a voice saying unto him, Saul, Saul, why persecute you me? And he said, Who are you Lord? And the Lord said, I am Jesus, whom you persecute: It is hard for you to kick against the pricks. But they are the ordinary standing means; Romans 10:14, 15. How then shall they call on him, in whom they have not believed? And how shall they believe in him, of whom they have not heard? And how shall they hear without a preacher? And how shall they preach, except they be sent? etc."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "To whom are the ordinances made effectual to salvation?", "answer": "To all God's elect they are effectual to salvation, and to them only; Acts 13:48. As many as were ordained to eternal life, believed. John 10:26. But you believe not, because you are not of my sheep, etc."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the first instruction from hence?", "answer": "That great preparation is due to all the ordinances, before we engage in them; Job 11:13, 14. If you prepare your heart, and stretch out your hands towards him. If iniquity be in your hand, put it far away, and let not wickedness dwell in your tabernacles. 1 Chron 29:18. And prepare their heart unto you."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the second inference from hence?", "answer": "That great reverence is due to God's ordinances, when we are actually engaged in the use of them; Psalm 89:7. God is greatly to be feared in the assembly of the saints; and to be had in reverence of all them that are about him."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the third inference from hence?", "answer": "That those people that want ordinances, are in a sad and deplorable condition; Ephesians 2:11, 12. Wherefore remember that you being in time past Gentiles in the flesh, who are called uncircumcision by that which is called the circumcision in the flesh made by hands; that at that time you were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the last instruction hence?", "answer": "That those that perish in the midst of ordinances, and means of salvation, will perish with aggravated perdition; Matthew 11:23. And you Capernaum, which are exalted unto Heaven, shall be brought down to Hell: for if the mighty works, which have been done in you, had been done in Sodom, it would have remained until this day. Of the Word read and heard"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "89", "sort_key": 89, "question": "HOW is the word made effectual to salvation?", "answer": "The Spirit of God makes the reading, but especially the preaching of the word, an effectual means of convincing and converting sinners; and building them up in holiness and comfort, through faith, unto salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What mean you by the word?", "answer": "By the word is meant the word of God, consigned to writing in the books of the Old and New Testament; which though it be ministered by men, yet is no other than the very word of God, and as such to be received; 1 Thessalonians 2:13. For this cause also thank we God without ceasing, because when you received the word of God, which you heard of us, you received it not as the word of men; but (as it is in truth) the word of God, etc."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Whence is the efficacy of this word?", "answer": "It is wholly from the Spirit of God that it becomes effectual to any man's salvation; 1 Corinthians 3:6, 7. I have planted, and Apollos watered, but God gave the increase. So then, neither is he who plants anything, neither he who waters; but God that gives the increase."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Is the reading of the scripture an ordinance of God for men's salvation?", "answer": "Yes, it is; Deuteronomy 17:19. And it shall be with him, and he shall feed therein all the days of his life, that he may learn to fear the Lord his God, to keep all the words of this law, and these statutes to do them. And in reading of it, God sometimes comes in by his Spirit to men's conversion; Acts 8:27, 28, 29. And he arose and went, and behold a man of Ethiopia, an eunuch of great authority under Candace queen of the Ethiopians, who had the charge of all her treasure, and had come to Jerusalem for to worship, was returning, and sitting in his chariot, read Isaias the prophet. Then the Spirit said to Philip, Go near, and join yourself to this chariot, etc."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Is the hearing of the word a means of salvation?", "answer": "Yes, it is; Isaiah 55:3. Incline your ear, and come unto me; hear, and your soul shall live, etc. 1 Corinthians 1:21. It pleased God by the foolishness of preaching, to save them that believe."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "To what end is the word useful to men?", "answer": "The first end and use of the word is to convince men of their sin and misery out of Christ; 1 Corinthians 14:24, 25. But if all prophesy, and there come in one who believes not, or one unlearned, he is convinced of all, he is judged of all. And thus are the secrets of his heart made manifest, etc."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is it useful for, besides conviction?", "answer": "It is useful for conversion, as well as conviction; Psalm 19:7. The law of the Lord is perfect, converting the soul, etc. Acts 26:18. To turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, etc."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Does the word convince and convert all that hear it?", "answer": "No, but those only that are ordained to eternal life; Acts 13:48. As many as were ordained to eternal life believed."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What else is the word useful for?", "answer": "To build up the saints to perfection in Christ; Ephesians 4:11, 12, 13. And he gave some apostles, and some prophets, and some evangelists, and some pastors and teachers; for the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ; until we all come in the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man; unto the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ. Acts 20:32. And now, brethren, I commend you to God, and to the word of his grace, which is able to build you up, and give you an inheritance among all them that are sanctified."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "May the common people read the scriptures?", "answer": "Yes, it is a duty commanded by Christ; John 5:39. Search the scriptures, etc. And commended by the apostle; Acts 17:11. These were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Is it their duty or liberty also to preach it?", "answer": "No, it is not; for besides abilities for that work, there must be a call; Romans 10:14, 15. How shall they hear without a preacher? and how shall they preach, except they be sent, etc."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the first instruction from hence?", "answer": "That the enjoyments of the scriptures, and an able, faithful ministry to expound and apply them, is a special mercy to any people; Psalm 147:19, 20. He shows his word unto Jacob, his statutes and judgments unto Israel; he has not dealt so with any nation; and as for his judgments they have not known them."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the second instruction?", "answer": "That men cannot expect special and spiritual blessings from God in the willful neglect of the ordinances; Proverbs 28:9. He who turns away his ear from hearing the law, even his prayer shall be abomination."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the third inference?", "answer": "That sad is their condition, who sit all their days under the word to no purpose at all; 2 Corinthians 4:3, 4. If our gospel be hid, it is hidden to them that are lost: in whom the God of this world has blinded the minds of them which believe not, lest the light of the glorious gospel of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine into them."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the last inference?", "answer": "That Christ's ordinances and ministers should be most welcome to the people to whom God sends them; Isaiah 52:7. How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that brings good tidings, that publishes peace, that publishes salvation, that says unto Zion, Your God reigns. Of the Manner of Hearing"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "90", "sort_key": 90, "question": "HOW is the word to be read and heard, that it may become effectual to salvation?", "answer": "That the word may become effectual to salvation, we must attend thereunto with diligence, preparation, and prayer, receive it with faith and love, lay it up in your hearts, and practice it in your lives.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "If the matter we read or hear be good, is not that enough for our salvation?", "answer": "No, God requires that the word be read and heard in a due manner, and the manner of hearing is of special regard with God; Luke 8:18. Take heed therefore how you hear, etc."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How many things belong to the due manner of hearing?", "answer": "Three sorts of duties belong to it; some antecedent, as preparation and prayer; some concomitant, as due diligence and retention; and some subsequent, as practice."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is due preparation for hearing?", "answer": "It consists in serious consideration of the greatness and holiness of that God whom we approach in hearing the word; Acts 10:33. Now therefore we are all here present before God, to hear all things that are commanded you of God. And awing the heart even to a degree of holy trembling thereby; Isaiah 66:2. To him will I look, even to him that is poor and of a contrite spirit, and trembles at my word."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is the principal consideration thus to awe the heart?", "answer": "The word is in its own nature a heart-searching word; Hebrews 4:12. For the word of God is quick and powerful, and sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart. And that eventually it will be the savor of life or death to us; 2 Corinthians 2:16. To the one we are the savor of death unto death; and to the other the savor of life unto life, etc."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What else belongs to due preparation to hear?", "answer": "The discharging of the heart from worldly cares; Matthew 13:7. And some fell among thorns, and the thorns sprang up and choked them. And carnal lusts; James 1:21. Wherefore lay apart all filthiness and superfluity of naughtiness, and receive with meekness the engrafted word, which is able to save your souls."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the third act of due preparation?", "answer": "Longing after the word for further communications of grace by it; 1 Peter 2:2. As new-born babes desire the sincere milk of the word, that you may grow thereby. Isaiah 2:3. And many people shall go and say, Come you, and let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, to the house of the God of Jacob, and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the second antecedent duty of hearing?", "answer": "Prayer is an antecedent duty to hearing the word, and that both for the assistance of the minister; 2 Thessalonians 3:1. Finally, brethren, pray for us, that the word of the Lord may have free course, and be glorified, even as it is with you. And our own illumination; Psalm 119:18. Open you mine eyes, that I may behold wondrous things out of your law."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What else should we pray for?", "answer": "That God would pour out his Spirit with the word, according to that promise, Proverbs 1:23. I will pour out my Spirit upon you, I will make known my words unto you."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Does unpreparedness for the word always hinder its efficacy on the heart?", "answer": "No, God sometimes is found of them that sought him not; Isaiah 65:1. I was found of them that sought me not, etc. But it is a sin to neglect it, and needs a pardon of God."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the first motive to prepare for solemn duties?", "answer": "That it argues the sincerity of the heart, and in that case God will be merciful to infirmities; 2 Chronicles 30:18, 19. For a multitude of the people, even a multitude of Ephraim and Manasseh, Issachar, and Zebulun, had not cleansed themselves, yet did eat the Passover, but not as it is written; wherefore Hezekiah prayed for them, saying, The good Lord be merciful towards him that prepares his whole heart to seek the Lord God, the God of his fathers, though he be not cleansed according to the purification of the sanctuary."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the second motive?", "answer": "It is a sweet sign that God will make that duty successful for which the heart is prepared; Psalm 10:17. You prepare their heart; you bend your ear to them."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the third motive to preparation?", "answer": "The majesty and jealousy of God, to whom we approach, obliges us to solemn preparation; Hebrews 12:28, 29. Whereby we may serve God acceptably, with reverence and godly fear; for our God is a consuming fire."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "But must a man neglect the duty, if his heart be not duly prepared for it?", "answer": "No; for that would be to add a new sin to a former, and aggravate it the more."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "In what manner must the prepared heart go to the word?", "answer": "Not in dependence on its own preparations, but upon the Spirit's assistance; Psalm 71:16. I will go forward in the strength of the Lord God, etc."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What is the first act of faith due to the word?", "answer": "The assenting act of faith is required to the word read or preached, whereby we acknowledge it to be of divine authority; 2 Timothy 3:16. All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness; 2 Peter 1:21. For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man; but holy men of God spoke as they were moved by the Holy Spirit."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What is the second act of faith required of us?", "answer": "An applying act of faith is also required of us; Romans 15:4. For whatever things were written aforetime, were written for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might have hope."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What is the first end in applying the word?", "answer": "It is first to be applied to our conviction both of sin and misery; Acts 2:37. Now when they heard this they were pricked in their hearts, and said unto Peter, and to the rest of the apostles, Men and brethren, what shall we do?"}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What is the second end, or use of applying it?", "answer": "It must be applied for our guidance and direction to Christ; John 6:45. Every man therefore that has heard, and has learned of the Father, Comes unto me."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is the third use to which it must be applied?", "answer": "We must apply it for our direction through the whole course of Christian duties: 2 Peter 1:19. We have also a most sure word of prophecy; whereunto you do well that you take heed, as unto a light that shines in a dark place, until the day dawn, and the day-star arise in your hearts."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What other use must we apply it to?", "answer": "It must be applied for our comfort in all inward and outward troubles: Romans 15:4. For whatever things were written aforetime, were written for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might have hope."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "On what account are we to receive it with love?", "answer": "We are to love it for its author's sake, because it is the word of God; Psalm 119:159. Consider how I love your precepts, etc."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What is the second motive of love to the word?", "answer": "The holiness and purity of it deserves and engages our love to it; Psalm 119:140. Your word is very pure; therefore your servant loves it."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What is the third motive to engage our love to it?", "answer": "The great and constant usefulness of it to our souls, as that we cannot exist without; Job 23:12. I have esteemed the words of his mouth more than my necessary food."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "How does this love to the word manifest itself?", "answer": "Our love manifests itself in our longing after it; Psalm 119:20. My soul breaks for the longing that it has unto your judgments at all times. Our diligent attendance on it; Acts 10:33. Immediately therefore I sent unto you, and you have well done that you are come. Now therefore are we all here present before God, to hear all things that are commanded you of God."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "How is faith and love evidenced to the word after hearing it?", "answer": "By preserving it carefully in our hearts and memories; Psalm 119:11. Your word have I hidden in my heart, that I might not sin against you."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What is the best cure for a bad memory?", "answer": "Labor to get an high esteem of it, and an experimental feeling of it, and frequently meditate on it; Psalm 119:16. I will delight myself in your statutes: I will not forget your word. Psalm 119:93. I will never forget your precepts; for with them you have quickened me. Psalm 119:99. Your testimonies are my meditation."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How is faith and love principally manifested to the word after hearing?", "answer": "It is principally manifested by bringing forth the fruits of it in our lives; Colossians 1:5, 6. For the hope which is laid up for you in Heaven, whereof you heard before in the word of the truth of the gospel, which is come unto you, as it is in all the world, and brings forth fruit, as it does also in you, since the day you have heard of it, and knew the grace of God in truth."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What is the use of all this?", "answer": "This serves to reprove our formal and dead hearing the word, and excites us all to evidence and exercise more faith, love, and obedience, in hearing it. Of Sacraments as Means of Salvation"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "91", "sort_key": 91, "question": "HOW do the sacraments become effectual means of salvation?", "answer": "The sacraments become effectual means of salvation, not from any virtue in them, or in him that does administer them, but only by the blessing of Christ, and the working of his Spirit in them that by faith receive them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the first proper sense of this word sacrament?", "answer": "It primarily signifies a solemn oath taken by soldiers, when they list themselves under a prince or general; and this oath was mutual."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Why do we use it, seeing it is not a scripture word?", "answer": "Though the word be not found in scripture, yet the thing intended by it is, and that brings the word in use; for in the sacraments God obliges himself to us by confirming his covenant by it; Romans 4:11. And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith, which he had yet being uncircumcised: that he might be the father of all them that believe, though they be not circumcised; that righteousness might be imputed unto them also. And we oblige ourselves to God; Romans 6:3, 4. Know you not that so many of us as were baptized into Christ, were baptized into his death? Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death, that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is here meant by salvation?", "answer": "By salvation is meant our complete and final deliverance from sin and misery, both temporal and eternal. From sin, Matthew 1:21. For he shall save his people from their sins. From misery, 1 Thessalonians 1:10. Even Jesus who delivered us from the wrath to come."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is a mean of salvation?", "answer": "A mean of salvation signifies any appointment of God, whereby he promotes and accomplishes his design of saving our souls; so the word is a mean; Romans 1:16. For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God unto salvation, to every one who believes."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How does the word and sacraments differ as means of salvation?", "answer": "The word is appointed to be the first means of begetting faith; 1 Corinthians 3:5. Who then is Paul? And who is Apollos? But ministers by whom you believed, etc. Sacraments are to seal and confirm it; Romans 4:11. And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of faith, etc."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is meant by an effectual mean of salvation?", "answer": "By an effectual mean, is meant such a mean as fully obtains and accomplishes the end it was appointed for, 1 Thessalonians 2:13. Because when you received the word of God, which you heard of us, you received it not as the word of men; but (as it is in truth) the word of God, which effectually works also in you that believe."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Do not all the means of salvation prove effectual to men?", "answer": "Though the means of salvation prove effectual to all God's elect, yet they are not so to others; Acts 28:23, 24. And when they had appointed him a day, there came many to him into his lodging, to whom he expounded and testified the kingdom of God, persuading them concerning Jesus, both out of the law of Moses, and out of the prophets, from morning until evening. And some believed the things which were spoken, and some believed not."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Do not the sacraments save all that partake of them?", "answer": "No, they do not; baptism may pass on a cast-away; Acts 8:23. For I perceive that you are in the gall of bitterness, and in the bond of iniquity. And the Lord's supper may be received unworthily; 1 Corinthians 11:27. Wherefore, whoever shall eat this bread, and drink the cup of the Lord unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the reason they prove not effectual to all?", "answer": "Because their virtue and efficacy is not in themselves, but in God; for we see they work as God's Spirit concurs, or not concurs with them, as in the instance before given."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "But is not that for want of wisdom, holiness, or zeal in the minister, that they have no more efficacy?", "answer": "No, it is not principally, or only from thence; for it is not in the power of the holiest minister in the world to make them effectual; 1 Corinthians 3:7. Neither is he who plants anything, neither he who waters; but God that gives the increase."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Whence is it that sacraments become effectual?", "answer": "It is only from the Spirit of Christ working in them, and by them on the souls of men; 1 Corinthians 12:13. For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body,-and have been all made to drink into one Spirit."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the first instruction hence?", "answer": "That men enjoying all the ordinances of the gospel, and partaking of the sacraments annexed to the covenant of grace, may yet perish forever; 1 Corinthians 10:3, 4, 5. And did all eat the same spiritual meat; and did all drink the same spiritual drink; (for they drank of that spiritual rock that followed them: and that rock was Christ.) But with many of them God was not well pleased; for they were overthrown in the wilderness; Luke 13:26, 27. Then shall you begin to say, we have eaten and drunk in your presence, and you have taught in our streets. But he shall say, I tell you, I know you not whence you are; depart from me all you workers of iniquity."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the second inference?", "answer": "That men should not idolize some ministers for the excellency of their gifts, and despise others, seeing it is not in them to make the means effectual."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the last inference?", "answer": "That in all our attendance upon the means of salvation, we should be careful to beg the Spirit and blessing of Christ, without which they cannot be effectual to our salvation. Of the Nature of Sacraments"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "92", "sort_key": 92, "question": "WHAT is a sacrament?", "answer": "A sacrament is a holy ordinance instituted by Christ; wherein by sensible signs, Christ and the benefits of the new covenant are represented, sealed, and applied to believers.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How many sorts of sacraments are found in scripture?", "answer": "Of sacraments there are two sorts, some extraordinary and transient, as the fiery pillar, manna, and water out of the rock; 1 Corinthians 10:1, 2, 3, 4. Moreover, brethren, I would not that you should be ignorant, how that all our fathers were under the cloud, and all passed through the sea; and were all baptized unto Moses in the cloud, and in the sea; and did all eat the same spiritual meat; and did all drink the same spiritual drink; (for they drank of that spiritual rock that followed them: and that rock was Christ.) And some ordinary and standing, as circumcision and the Passover, before Christ; and baptism and the Lord's supper, since Christ's death."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How many things are to be considered in every sacrament?", "answer": "In every sacrament five things must be considered; (1.) The author. (2.) The parts. (3.) The union of those parts. (4.) The subjects. (5.) The ends and uses of it."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Who is the author of the sacraments?", "answer": "The Lord Jesus Christ as King of the church, by whose sole authority baptism was instituted; Matthew 28:19, 20. Go you therefore and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit: Teaching them to observe all things, whatever I have commanded you, etc. And the Lord's supper; 1 Corinthians 11:23, 24. For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, that the Lord Jesus, the same night in which he was betrayed, took bread, and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, take, eat, this is my body, which is broken for you: This do in remembrance of me."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Are the old sacraments yet in being and in use in the church?", "answer": "No, they are passed away, and the new come in their room. Baptism takes place of circumcision; Colossians 2:11, 12. In whom also you are circumcised with the circumcision made without hands, in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh by the circumcision of Christ; buried with him in baptism, etc. And the Lord's supper of the Passover; 1 Corinthians 5:7. Purge out therefore the old leaven, that you may be a new lump, as you are unleavened, for even Christ our Passover is sacrificed for us."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Of what parts does every sacrament consist?", "answer": "Every sacrament consists of two parts, one external and earthly; another internal and heavenly, or spiritual. Bread, wine, and water, are the external, Christ's blood and Spirit the internal parts; Romans 6:3. Know you not, that so many of us as were baptized into Jesus Christ, were baptized into his death? 1 Corinthians 11:25. This cup is the New Testament in my blood, etc."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Wherein consists the sacramental union of those parts?", "answer": "It consists, by virtue of Christ's institution, in three things; (1.) In apt signification. (2.) Firm obsignation. And, (3.) Real exhibition of the blessings signified and sealed."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What are the blessings signified by water in baptism?", "answer": "It signifies our implantation into Christ, and communion with him in his death and resurrection; Romans 6:4. Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death, that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father; even so we also should walk in newness of life. And our solemn admission into the visible church; Galatians 3:26, 27, 28, 29. For you are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus. For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ, have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female; For you are all one in Christ Jesus. And if you be Christ's then are you Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What are the blessings signified by bread and wine?", "answer": "They signify Christ's body and blood, broken and poured out for us, with all the blessings of remission, peace, and salvation purchased by his blood, 1 Corinthians 10:16, 17. The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ? For we being many, are one bread, and one body; for we are all partakers of that one bread."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Do the sacraments seal, as well as signify these things?", "answer": "Yes, they do; Romans 4:11. And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith, etc. Their use is to confirm God's covenant with believers."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Who are the proper subjects of the sacraments?", "answer": "Believers and their seed are the subjects of baptism, but adult Christians only of the Lord's supper; Acts 2:38, 39. Repent, and be baptized every one of you; for the promise is unto you, and to your children, even as many as the Lord our God shall call. 1 Corinthians 11:28. But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the main use and end of sacraments?", "answer": "It is to ratify and confirm God's covenant with believers; Romans 4:11. And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had yet being uncircumcised, etc. 1 Corinthians 11:26. For as often as you eat this bread, and drink this cup, you do show the Lord's death until he come."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the first instruction from hence?", "answer": "That the abuse of such holy and solemn mysteries is a sin of dreadful aggravation, and such as God will punish; 1 Corinthians 11:27. Wherefore, whoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of the Lord unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the second instruction?", "answer": "Hence we learn the tender care and love of Christ over the church, in instituting such useful and comfortable ordinances for us. Of the Number of Sacraments"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "93", "sort_key": 93, "question": "WHICH are the sacraments of the New Testament?", "answer": "The sacraments of the New Testament are, baptism and the Lord's supper.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How many sacraments has Christ appointed in the New Testament?", "answer": "Christ has appointed two, and no more: these being sufficient for our initiation and confirmation."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How many have the Papists added to them?", "answer": "They have added five more; namely, Confirmation, penance, ordination, marriage, and extreme unction."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is their sacrament of confirmation?", "answer": "It is the anointing of the baptized with chrism in the forehead, with this form of words; I sign you with the sign of the cross, and confirm you with the chrism of salvation, in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is their ground for this practice?", "answer": "The abuse of that Scripture, Hebrews 6:2. Of the doctrine of baptisms, and laying on of hands, etc. which, by a figurative speech, expresses the whole standing ministry in the church, by laying on of hands."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is their sacrament of penance?", "answer": "It is repentance manifested by outward signs, to which the word of absolution coming, makes it a sacrament misgrounded on John 20:23. Whoever sins you remit, they are remitted unto them; and whoever sins you retain, they are retained."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is their sacrament of orders, or ordination?", "answer": "It is the laying on of hands in ordination of ministers, by which they conceive spiritual grace is given; by mistake of 2 Timothy 1:6. Wherefore I put you in remembrance, that you stir up the gift of God which is in you, by the putting on of my hands."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is their fourth superadded sacrament?", "answer": "It is marriage, grounded upon those words of the apostle, Ephesians 5:32. This is a great mystery; but I speak concerning Christ and the church. Which only shows a similitude of our union with Christ, not an instituted sign to that end."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is their fifth superadded sacrament?", "answer": "Extreme unction, or anointing the sick, near death, with consecrated oil, grounded on Mark 6:13. And anointed with oil many that were sick, and healed them. And James 5:14. Is any sick among you? Let him call for the elders of the church, and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord. Which are neither sacramental rites, nor of ordinary standing use in the church, but extraordinary and temporary for that age."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What learn we hence?", "answer": "Hence we learn, how apt men are to corrupt God's ordinances, by their superstitious additions; Matthew 15:9. Teaching for doctrines the commandments of men."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the second instruction hence?", "answer": "How just and necessary our separation from Rome is, who have grossly corrupted God's ordinances, and left men no other remedy; Revelation 13:6. And he opened his mouth in blasphemy against God, to blaspheme his name and his tabernacle, and them that dwell in Heaven."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the third instruction?", "answer": "That the reformation of religion is an invaluable mercy, a great deliverance from spiritual bondage; Revelation 11:19. And the temple of God was opened in Heaven, and there was seen in his temple the ark of his testament: and there were lightnings, and voices, and thunderings, and an earthquake, and great hail."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the fourth instruction?", "answer": "That Rome shall certainly fall, and all her adherents, for the horrid injury done by them to Christ, and the souls of men; Revelation 18:20, 21. Rejoice over her you Heaven, and you holy apostles and prophets; for God has avenged you on her. And a mighty angel took up a stone like a great milstone, and cast it into the sea, saying, Thus with violence shall that great city Babylon be thrown down, and shall be found no more at all. Of Baptism"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "94", "sort_key": 94, "question": "WHAT is baptism?", "answer": "Baptism is a sacrament, wherein the washing with water, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, does signify and seal our ingrafting into Christ, and partaking of the benefits of the covenant of grace, and our engagement to be the Lord's.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the external part of baptism?", "answer": "It is pure unmixed water; Hebrews 10:22. And our bodies washed with pure water. And therefore it is a vile practice of Papists, to add oil, salt, and spittle, to water in baptism."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What does water in baptism signify?", "answer": "It signifies the blood of Christ; Revelation 1:5. Unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the first resemblance it has to Christ's blood?", "answer": "In the freeness of it to all, it represents the unpurchased blood of Christ; Isaiah 55:1. Ho, every one that thirsts, come you to the waters; and he who has no money, come you, buy and eat; yes, come, buy wine and milk, without money, and without price."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is the second resemblance to Christ's blood?", "answer": "It resembles it in its refreshing quality; water refreshes the thirsty, so does Christ's blood; John 6:35. He who believes on me shall never thirst."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is the third resemblance it has to Christ's blood?", "answer": "The cleansing property of water shows the purifying virtue of Christ's blood; Hebrews 9:14. How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit, offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works, to serve the living God?"}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the fourth resemblance it has to Christ's blood?", "answer": "It resembles it in the necessity of it: For as the body cannot live without water, so neither can the soul without Christ's blood; Hebrews 9:23. It was therefore necessary that the patterns of things in the heavens should be purified with these, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the fifth resemblance of water to the blood of Christ?", "answer": "As water neither refreshes nor purifies the body without application; so neither does Christ's blood refresh or purify the soul until applied; 1 Corinthians 1:30. But of him are you in Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Is it necessary to plunge the whole body under water, in baptizing every person?", "answer": "The word [baptize] signifying as well to wash, as to plunge; a person may be truly baptized, that is not plunged. And we cannot think by the circumstance of time and place, that the jailor, in the night, was carried to a river out of the city; Acts 16:33. And he took them the same hour of the night, and washed their stripes, and was baptized, he and all his immediately."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "But it is not said, John 3:23. That John also was baptizing in Enon, near to Salim, because there was much water there: and they came and were baptized?", "answer": "The word signifies many waters, that is, springs of waters there; which are known by travelers to be small, not capable of plunging into."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What are the benefits accruing to us by baptism?", "answer": "The benefits are two fold: some external, called the fatness of the olive-tree; that is ordinances, and visible membership; Romans 11:17. And you being a wild olive-tree, were engrafted in among them, and with them partakers of the root and fatness of the olive-tree. And some spiritual and saving; 1 Peter 3:21. The like figure whereunto, even baptism, does also now save us, (not the putting away the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience towards God) by the resurrection of Jesus Christ."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What engagements are laid on the baptized?", "answer": "They are engaged to be the Lord's people, and to walk suitably to that engagement; Romans 6:4. Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Is baptism to be reiterated, as the Lord's supper?", "answer": "No; for the Lord's supper is a sacrament for nourishing, but this for implantation; Romans 6:4, 5. Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life. For if we have been planted together in the likeness of his death, we should be also in the likeness of his resurrection."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Does baptism regenerate men, and confer saving grace?", "answer": "No, it does not, in its own virtue, convey grace, no more than the Lord's supper; but the Spirit of God is the author of grace, and works it as he pleases, before or after baptism. Of the Subjects of Baptism"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "95", "sort_key": 95, "question": "TO whom is baptism to be administered?", "answer": "Baptism is not to be administered to any that are out of the visible church, until they profess their faith in Christ, and obedience to him; but the infants of such as are members of the visible church are to be baptized.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Who are to be baptized?", "answer": "Believers, and their infant-offspring; Acts 2:39. For the promise is to you, and your children, and to all that are afar off, even many as the Lord our God shall call."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How does it appear, that the infant-seed of believers ought to be baptized?", "answer": "It appears by this, that they being Abraham's seed, were taken into covenant with God, and ordered to have the sign of the covenant applied to them; and that grant was never rever.d; Genesis 17:7, 10. And I will establish my covenant between me and you, and your seed after you, in their generations, for an everlasting covenant; to be a God unto you, and to your seed after you. This is my covenant, which you shall keep between me and you, and your seed after you; even every man-child among you shall be circumcised."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "But was not that the covenant of works; and so will not hold, to infer their privilege under the covenant of grace?", "answer": "No, it was not; for God never did, nor will become a God by way of special interest to any people; by virtue of the covenant of works, since the breach of it by the fall."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "But if it were the covenant of grace, how does it appear the right of believers infants is still the same it was before in Abraham's time?", "answer": "It appears plainly from the apostle's own words and arguments; Acts 2:39. For the promise is to you, and to your children, etc."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "But though infants then were members of God's visible church among the Jews, how does it appear they are so now, when God has cast them off?", "answer": "It appears, the membership and privileges are as free and complete to them now, that are the children of Gentile believers, as ever they were to the Jewish infants; Romans 11:17. And if some of the branches be broken off, and you being a wild olive tree, were engrafted in among them, and with them partake of the root and fatness of the olive-tree."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "How else does it appear they are within the covenant?", "answer": "It appears by this, that they are pronounced holy; 1 Corinthians 7:14. Else were your children unclean, but now are they holy. Which is a federal holiness, and none out of covenant can be holy by covenant."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "But may not that place mean only their legitimacy?", "answer": "No, it cannot; for then the apostle must pronounce all the infants in the world bastards, that descend not at least from one believing parent."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "But infants are not capable to covenant with God, or to perform covenant-duties; and therefore why should they be admitted to covenant-privileges?", "answer": "A child now of eight days old, is as capable of being admitted into covenant with God, as children of the same age were in Abraham's days: and then it is manifest they were admitted."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Though they were admitted by circumcision then, will it follow, they may be so by baptism now, seeing that ordinance is abolished?", "answer": "Yes, it will: For though circumcision cease, yet baptism is come in its place; Colossians 2:10, 11, 12. And you are complete in him, which is the head of all principality and power. In whom also you are circumcised with the circumcision made without hands, in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh, by the circumcision of Christ, buried with him in baptism, etc."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "But circumcision was a seal of the covenant of works; and the argument will not hold, from a seal of the covenant of works, to a seal of the covenant of grace?", "answer": "Circumcision never was, nor was intended to be a seal of the covenant of works, but of the righteousness of faith; Romans 4:11. And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had yet, being uncircumcised, etc."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "But have we no express command in the New Testament to baptize infants?", "answer": "There needed no new command; their privilege had been settled many ages before upon them, and never rever.d by Christ, or his apostles, but their former right declared to continue still to them; Acts 2:39. For the promise is to you and to your children, etc."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "But if they have a right, we might expect to find some examples of their baptizing?", "answer": "It is manifest that believers households were baptized with them; Acts 16:15, 33. And when she was baptized, and her household, etc. Verse 33. And he took them the same hour of the night, and washed their stripes, and was baptized, he and all his immediately. And if infants are not named, so neither are any of age, born of Christian parents."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "But many trust to their infant-baptism, as to their regeneration, and so much mischief is done?", "answer": "They do so; yet the duty is not therefore to be neglected. The preaching of Christ is to some a stumbling-block; yet Christ must be preached for all that."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "But many baptized infants prove naught?", "answer": "And so do many baptized at age too. Duties are not to be measured by events. Of the Lord's Supper"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "96", "sort_key": 96, "question": "WHAT is the Lord's supper?", "answer": "The Lord's supper is a sacrament, wherein, by giving and receiving bread and wine, according to Christ's appointment, his death is showed forth; and the worthy receivers are not after a corporal and carnal manner, but by faith made partakers of his body and blood, with all his benefits, to their spiritual nourishment, and growth in grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "By whose authority is the Lord's supper instituted and appointed?", "answer": "By the sovereign authority of Christ, the king of the church, and not by the pleasure of man; 1 Corinthians 11:23. For I have received of the Lord, that which also I delivered unto you; that the Lord Jesus, the same night in which he was betrayed, took bread."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Of what parts does this sacrament consist?", "answer": "It consists of two parts; one earthly and visible, to wit, bread and wine; the other spiritual add invisible, the body and blood of Christ; 1 Corinthians 10:16. The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ?"}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How does these earthly and heavenly things become a sacrament?", "answer": "By the word of institution, and blessing coming from Christ upon them; 1 Corinthians 11:23, 24, 25. For I have received of the Lord, that which also I delivered unto you; that the Lord Jesus, the same night in which he was betrayed, took bread. And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat, this is my body which is broken for you: This do in remembrance of me. After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the New Testament in my blood; This do you, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "When did Christ ordain and institute this sacrament?", "answer": "He instituted it in the same night he was betrayed; 1 Corinthians 11:23. The Lord Jesus, the same night in which he was betrayed, took bread. It could not be sooner, because the Passover must be first celebrated, and, by the institution of this, abrogated; not later, for soon after he was apprehended."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What does the time of its institution teach us?", "answer": "It teaches us, how great Christ's care and love to his people is, that he makes in his ordinance such provision for our comfort, though he knew his own bitter agony was just at hand."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the general use and end of this sacrament?", "answer": "It is to confirm, seal, and ratify the new covenant to believers; 1 Corinthians 11:25. This cup is the New Testament in my blood: This do you, as oft as you drink it, in remembrance of me."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What are the particular ends and uses of it?", "answer": "The first particular end and use of it, is, to bring Christ and his sufferings a fresh to our remembrance; 1 Corinthians 11:24, 25. This do in remembrance of me."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What kind of remembrance of Christ is here intended?", "answer": "Not a mere speculative, but an affectionate heart-melting remembrance of him like that of Peter, Matthew 26:75. And Peter remembered the words of Jesus, which said unto him, Before the rooster shall crow you shall deny me thrice. And he went out, and wept bitterly. Or of Joseph, Genesis 43:29, 30. And Joseph made haste, for his affections did yern upon his brother: And he sought where to weep, and he entered into his chamber and wept there."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What does this end of the sacrament imply?", "answer": "It implies this; that the best of God's people are too apt to forget Christ, and what he has endured and suffered for them."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What else does it imply?", "answer": "It implies this; that none but those that have the saving knowledge of Christ, and have had former acquaintance with Christ, are fit for this ordinance; for no man can remember what he never knew; 1 Corinthians 11:28. But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the second particular use and end of this sacrament?", "answer": "It is to represent Christ to believers, as an apt sign of him, and of his death; and that both memorative, significative, and instructive."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "How is it a memorative sign of Christ?", "answer": "It brings Christ to our remembrance, as his death and bitter sufferings are therein represented to us, by the breaking of bread, and pouring forth of wine; 1 Corinthians 11:26. For as often as you eat this bread, and drink this cup, you do show forth the Lord's death until he come."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "How is it a significative ordinance?", "answer": "It is a significative ordinance, not only as it represents Christ's sufferings, but the believers union with him as the Head, and with each other as members of his body; 1 Corinthians 10:16, 17. The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ; The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ? For we being many, are one bread, and one body, etc."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "In what respect is it an instructive sign?", "answer": "It is an instructive sign in divers respects; namely, first, as it teaches us, that Christ is the only nutritive bread, by which our souls live; John 6:51. I am the living bread, which came down from Heaven: If any man eat of this bread, he shall live forever, and the bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world. And, secondly, as it instructs us, that the New Testament is now in its full force, by the death of Christ the Testator; Hebrews 9:16, 17. For where a Testament is, there must also of necessity be the death of the Testator. For a testament is of force after men are dead; otherwise it is of no force at all, while the Testator lives. Thus much of the Author, nature, and ends of the Lord's supper. Of the Elements, Action, and Subjects of it"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "97", "sort_key": 97, "question": "WHAT is required to the worthy receiving of the Lord's Supper?", "answer": "It is required of them that would worthily partake of the Lord's supper, that they examine themselves of their knowledge to discern the Lord's body; of their faith to feed upon him; of their repentance, love, and new obedience; lest coming unworthily, they eat and drink judgment to themselves.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What are the duties of worthy receivers?", "answer": "There are three sorts of duties incumbent on them; some antecedent to it, some concomitant of it, and some subsequent to it."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What are the antecedent duties to it?", "answer": "They are two. (1.) Examination of their graces. (2.) Preparation of their souls. Examination of their graces; 1 Corinthians 11:28, 29. But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup. For he who eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord's body. And preparation of their souls; 1 Corinthians 5:8. Therefore let us keep the feast, not with old leaven, neither with the leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the first grace to be tried?", "answer": "Our saving knowledge of God in Christ, without which we cannot discern the Lord's body; 1 Corinthians 11:29. For he who eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord's body."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What are we to inquire of, touching our knowledge of God in Christ?", "answer": "We are to examine whether it be competent for quantity, and savingly operative and influential on the heart and life, for quality; Hosea 4:6. My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge, etc. 1 Corinthians 13:1. Though I speak with the tongues of men, and of angels, and have not charity, I am become as a sounding brass, or tinkling cymbal."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "When is knowledge competent and influential?", "answer": "When we truly understand, by the teachings of the Father, the sin and misery of the fall, the nature and necessity of Christ, and, under these convictions, come to him in the way of faith; John 6:45.-Every man therefore that has heard, and has learned of the Father, comes unto me. And subject ourselves to him in sincere obedience; Matthew 11:28, 29. Come unto me, all you that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me, for I am meek and lowly in heart; and you shall find rest unto your souls."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What are we to examine ourselves about, besides knowledge?", "answer": "We are obliged to examine ourselves about our faith, whether we have it in any saving degree; 2 Corinthians 13:5. Examine yourselves, whether you be in the faith: Prove yourselves, etc. For without faith we cannot please God; Hebrews 11:6. But without faith it is impossible to please God, etc. Nor enjoy spiritual communion with Christ; Ephesians 3:17. That Christ may dwell in your hearts by faith: that you being rooted and grounded in love, etc."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What other grace must be examined and sought for?", "answer": "We must examine our love to Christ, and all that are his: because no gifts signify anything without love; 1 Corinthians 13:2. And though I have the gift of prophecy, and understand all mysteries, and all knowledge; and though I have all faith, so that I could remove mountains, and have not charity, I am nothing."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What else must worthy receivers examine themselves about?", "answer": "The sincerity of their hearts, evidenced by their obedience; without which they cannot worthily approach the table; 1 Corinthians 5:8. Therefore let us keep the feast, not with old leaven, neither with the leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "But if, upon examination, we are in doubts about our faith and sincerity, must we forbear?", "answer": "If our doubts arise from the weakness, and not the total want of grace, such doubts should not hinder us; Romans 14:1. Him that is weak in the faith, receive you, etc."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the danger of coming to the Lord's table without these graces?", "answer": "The danger is exceeding great both to soul and body. (1.) To the soul; 1 Corinthians 11:29. For he who eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks damnation to himself, etc. And to the body; 1 Corinthians 11:30. For this cause many are weak and sickly among you, and many sleep."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What are the duties of worthy receivers at the Lord's table?", "answer": "Their duties at the table are, to discern Christ by the eye of faith, under those signs of his body and blood; 1 Corinthians 11:29. For he who eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord's body. On the discovery of him, to mourn bitterly for sin; Zechariah 12:10.-And they shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him, as one mourns for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his first-born. And to excite all their graces into vigorous acts for the applying of Christ to themselves; Canticles 4:16. Awake, O north-wind, and come, you south, blow upon my garden, that the spices thereof may flow out, etc."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the duty of worthy receivers, after the sacrament?", "answer": "Their duty is, heartily to bless God for Christ, and the benefits of his blood, Matthew 26:30. And when they had sung an hymn, they went out into the mount of Olives. To double their care and watchfulness against sin; Ephesians 4:30. And grieve not the Holy Spirit, whereby you are sealed to the day of redemption. And to grow more fruitful in all spiritual obedience; Colossians 1:10. That you might walk worthy of the Lord unto all pleasing; being fruitful in every good work, and increasing in the knowledge of God."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the first inference from hence?", "answer": "That the abuse and profanation of this ordinance, either by coming to it for carnal ends, or being forced upon it by fear of sufferings, or approaching to it without due qualifications, is a dreadful sin, which God will terribly avenge: Matthew 22:11, 12, 13. And when the king came in to see the guests, he saw there a man which had not a wedding-garment. And he says unto him, Friend, how came you in hither, not having on a wedding-garment? And he was speechless. Then said the king unto the servants, Bind him hand and foot, and take him away, and cast him into outer darkness: There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the second inference from hence?", "answer": "That great and manifold are the blessings and advantages which Christians duly prepared may reap by this ordinance. Of Prayer"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "98", "sort_key": 98, "question": "WHAT is prayer?", "answer": "Prayer is an offering up of our desires unto God, for things agreeable to his will, in the name of Christ, with confession of our sins, and thankful acknowledgment of his mercies.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Who is the proper and only object of prayer?", "answer": "God only is the proper object of prayer; it is a part of his natural worship, therefore it is peculiarly his honor and prerogative, and none else can hear and answer them but God; Psalm 65:2. O you that hear prayer, unto you shall all flesh come."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Through whom, or in whose name, are our prayers to be directed to God?", "answer": "Our prayers are to be directed to God only through Christ, and his name; and not by the mediation of angels or saints; Colossians 2:18. Let no man beguile you of your reward, in a voluntary humility, and worshiping of angels. For the merit and satisfaction of Christ alone give success and acceptance to our prayers; Revelation 8:3, 4. And another angel came, and stood at the altar, having a golden censer; and there was given unto him much incense, that he should offer it with the prayers of all saints, upon the golden altar, which was before the throne. And the smoke of the incense which came with the prayers of the saints, ascended up before God, out of the angel's hand. 1 Timothy 2:5. For there is one God, and one Mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the first property or quality of acceptable prayer?", "answer": "No prayer can be acceptable to God, except the matter of it be agreeable to his will; James 4:3. You ask and receive not, because you ask amiss, that you may consume it upon your lusts; 1 John 5:14, 15. And this is the confidence that we have in him, that if we ask anything according to his will, he hears us. And if we know that he hear us, whatever we ask, we know that we have the petitions that we desire of him."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Is it enough to make prayer acceptable, that the matter is agreeable to God's will?", "answer": "No, it is not; for the manner, as well as the matter, must be so too; Psalm 66:18. If I regard iniquity in my heart, the Lord will not hear me."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is the first qualification of an acceptable prayer, respecting the manner of it?", "answer": "That it be sincere, and flowing from the heart of a regenerate person; Proverbs 15:29. The Lord is far from the wicked; but he hears the prayer of the righteous. Jeremiah 29:13. And you shall seek me, and find me, when you shall search for me with all your heart."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the second qualification of prayer respecting the manner?", "answer": "It must be performed in the heart of a child of God by the Spirit of adoption; Galatians 4:6. And because you are sons, God has sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father. Romans 8:26. Likewise the Spirit also helps our infirmities; for we know not what we should pray for as we ought; but the Spirit itself makes intercession for us, with groanings which cannot be uttered."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the third qualification of an acceptable prayer, respecting the manner?", "answer": "It must be fervent and important, not cold and formal, James 5:16.-The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man avails much, Matthew 7:7. Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and you shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Wherein does true importunity with God in prayer consist?", "answer": "Not in the multitude of words: Matthew 6:7. But when you pray, use not vain repetitions, as the Heathen do: for they think they shall be heard for their much speaking. But in a holy earnestness of spirit to be heard; Psalm 143:7. Hear me speedily, O Lord, my spirit fails; hide not your face from me, lest I be like unto them that go down into the pit. A prudent choice of prevalent arguments; Job 23:4. I would order my cause before him, and fill my mouth with arguments. And a resolute persistance in our requests, until they be granted; Isaiah 62:7. And give him no rest, until he establish, and until he make Jerusalem a praise in the earth."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Do not prayers thus qualified sometimes miscarry;", "answer": "God may delay and suspend the answer of them for a time; Psalm 22:2. O my God I cry in the day-time, but you hear not, etc. But sooner or later God will always answer them, either in the very thing we ask; 1 John 5:15.-We know that we have the petitions that we desired of him: Or in that which is equivalent, or better; Genesis 17:18, 19. And Abraham said unto God, O that Ishmael might live before you: And God said, Sarah your wife shall bear you a son indeed, and you shall call his name Isaac: and I will establish my covenant with him, for an everlasting covenant, and with his seed after him."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Is there no prayer but what is stated and fixed?", "answer": "Yes, there is a sudden occasional prayer, which we call ejaculatory. Such was Jacob's, Genesis 49:18. I have waited for your salvation, O Lord. And this is exceeding useful, to maintain constant communion with God, and keep the heart in a spiritual frame."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Is all stated and fixed prayer public in the congregation or church?", "answer": "No; stated prayer ought to be in our families, with those under our charge; and in our closets, between God and us alone; Joshua 24:15.-But as for me and my house, we will serve the Lord, And Matthew 6:6. But when you pray, enter into your closet; and when you have shut your door, pray to your Father which is in secret; and your Father which sees in secret shall reward you openly."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What do you infer from hence?", "answer": "That the restraint of prayer is not only a great sin, but an ill sign of a graceless heart; Job 6:4. Yes, you cast off fear, and restrain prayer before God. And that which entails a judgment and curse upon men, and their families; Jeremiah 10:25. Pour out your fury upon the Heathen that know you not, and upon the families that call not upon your name."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the second inference from the ordinance of prayer?", "answer": "That the true reason why we enjoy not the mercies we pray for, is not because God is unwilling to grant mercies, but because we either neglect prayer, or miscarry in the manner of prayer; James 4:2, 3. You lust, and have not: you kill, and desire to have, and cannot obtain: you fight and war, yet you have not, because you ask not. You ask, and receive not, because you ask amiss, that you may consume it upon your lusts. Of Direction in Prayer"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "99", "sort_key": 99, "question": "WHAT rule has God given for our direction in the duty of prayer?", "answer": "The whole word of God is of use to direct us in prayer; but the special rule of direction, is that form of prayer which Christ taught his disciples, commonly called the Lord's prayer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Do men need directions, rules, and helps in prayer?", "answer": "They do greatly need them, for in, and of ourselves we know not what to pray for as we ought; Romans 8:26. Likewise the Spirit also helps our infirmities; for we know not what we should pray for as we ought, etc. Nor how to pray in a right manner, and for right ends; and a mistake in either frustrates our prayers; James 4:3. You ask, and receive not, because you ask amiss, that you may consume it upon your lusts."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "When do men mistake in the matter of their prayer?", "answer": "They mistake in the matter of prayer, when they ask of God things that are not lawful, good and agreeable to his will. So the disciples were ready to do, in calling for fire from Heaven on the Samaritans; Luke 9:54, 55. And when his disciples, James and John, saw this, they said, Lord, will you that we command fire to come down from Heaven, and consume them, even as Elijah did? But he turned and rebuked them, and said, You know not what manner of spirit you are of."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "When do men mistake in the manner of prayer?", "answer": "They mistake in the manner, when they ask mercies of God for carnal ends, to satisfy their lusts; James 4:3. You ask, and receive not, because you ask amiss, that you may consume it upon your lusts. Or in a drowsy and careless manner; Isaiah 64:7. And there is none that calls upon your name, that stirs up himself to take hold of you, etc."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What helps has God afforded us to furnish us to prayer, both in respect of the matter and manner?", "answer": "The scriptures abundantly furnish us with all sorts of helps and directions for the matter of prayer. It directs us, both in confession of sin, original and actual; Psalm 51:4, 5. Behold I was shaped in iniquity, and in sin did my mother conceive me. Against you, you only have I sinned, and done this evil in your sight, etc. Petition and thanksgiving; Philippians 4:6. Be careful for nothing, but in everything, by prayer and supplication, with thanksgiving, let your requests be made known unto God."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Does it afford us any help, or direction, as to the manner of prayer also?", "answer": "Yes, it does; and that both as to, (1.) Our sincerity in prayer; Hebrews 10:22. Let us draw near with a true heart, in full assurance of faith; having our hears sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies washed with pure water. (2.) As to our humility in prayer; Psalm 10:17. Lord, you have heard the desire of the humble; you will prepare their heart, you will cause your ear to hear. (3.) As to our faith in prayer; James 1:6. But let him ask in faith, nothing wavering, etc. (4.) As to our fervency in prayer; James 5:6.-The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man avails much."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Are these external rules and directions sufficient in themselves to enable us to pray acceptably?", "answer": "In respect of external direction they are sufficient, and we need no other outward rules than what the scriptures furnish; but besides that, the internal helps and assistances of the Spirit are necessary to the offering up acceptable prayer; Romans 8:26. Likewise the Spirit also helps our infirmities; for we know not what we should pray for as we ought; but the Spirit itself makes intercession for us, etc."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "But does the scripture only furnish us with general rules of direction for prayer;", "answer": "No, it furnishes us also with an excellent pattern and example of prayer, composed by Christ for our direction; Matthew 6:9. After this manner therefore pray you: Our Father, which are in Heaven, etc."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Are Christians tied by a necessity to use that form of words? Or was it only intended for a directory to them?", "answer": "That form of words may be lawfully used, but it is plain its intention was to regulate our petitions by it; and therefore they that use it in spells and charms, as the Papists; or those that think nothing is prayer, but that form of words; abuse Christ's intention in it."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "How does it appear, it was not Christ's intention strictly to bind us to that very form of words in our prayers?", "answer": "Divines give us these reasons against it, (1.) Because this prayer is set down diversely by the evangelists; Matthew 6:10, 12. Your kingdom come. Your will be done in earth, as it is in Heaven. And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors. And Luke 11:3, 4. Give us day by day our daily bread. And forgive us our sins; for we also forgive every one that is indebted to us. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. (2.) Christ and his apostles did not always use this form of words afterwards, as appears by his prayer at Lazarus' grave, John 11. and that for his apostles, John 17. (3.) Because these words, Matthew 6:9. After this manner, etc. plainly show, its use was intended for a directory to us."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the first inference from hence?", "answer": "Hence we learn the fullness and completeness of the Scriptures, not only for the guiding and settling of our faith in things that are to be believed, but also of our whole practice, in every duty we are to perform."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the second inference hence?", "answer": "Hence we are informed, how necessary it is to acquaint ourselves with the mind of God, revealed in his word, that we may guide ourselves in prayer, both for matter and manner thereby: and not utter to God words without knowledge."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the last inference from hence?", "answer": "That those who neglect all prayer, and those that satisfy themselves with a form of prayer, which they utter without knowledge of affection, do greatly sin against God. And that it is the duty of all Christians, from a sense of their own sins, wants, and mercies, to be often with God in prayer, guiding themselves in that spiritual duty, by such inward, and outward helps, as his word and Spirit are able to furnish them with. Of the Preface to the Lord's Prayer"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "100", "sort_key": 100, "question": "WHAT does the preface of the Lord's prayer teach us?", "answer": "The preface to the Lord's prayer, which is, [Our Father which are in Heaven,] teaches us to draw near to God with all holy reverence and confidence, as children to a Father, able and ready to help us: and that we should pray with and for others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What does the word Father import in this preface?", "answer": "It imports the Spirit of adoption to be the principal thing in all acceptable prayers; Galatians 4:6. And because you are sons, God has sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the first benefit, or help we have in prayer, from the Spirit of adoption?", "answer": "He excites our spirits to seek God in prayer; Psalm 27:8. When you said, Seek you my face; my heart said unto you, Your face, Lord, will I seek."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the second assistance he gives us in prayer?", "answer": "He writes and suggests suitable and acceptable matter to us in prayer; Romans 8:26. Likewise the Spirit also helps our infirmities: for we know not what we should pray for as we ought; but the Spirit itself makes intercession for us, etc."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is the third benefit we have by him in prayer?", "answer": "He fills our souls with spiritual and holy affections in prayer, and helps us to act his graces in our duties; Romans 8:26. Likewise the Spirit also helps our infirmities: for we know not what we should pray for as we ought; but the Spirit itself makes intercession for us, with groanings which cannot be uttered."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What else does this word Father import?", "answer": "It imports that holy confidence which believers may, and ought to draw near to God withal, as children to a Father; Ephesians 3:12. In whom we have boldness and access, with confidence, by the faith of him."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Does it only signify our relation and confidence?", "answer": "No, it also signifies the reverential fear of God, which ought at all times to be on our hearts, especially in prayer; Malachi 1:6. A son honors his father, and a servant his master: If then I be a father, where is mine honor? and if I be a master, where is my fear?"}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is further imported in this word Father?", "answer": "It imports God's willingness and readiness to grant the best mercies to his people that seek them duly at his hand; Matthew 7:11. If you then being evil, know how to give good gifts unto your children; how much more shall your Father which is in Heaven give good things to them that ask him?"}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Why is he here called our Father?", "answer": "To signify to us, that it is not only our duty to pray secretly by and for ourselves, but also with and for others? Ephesians 6:18. Praying always, with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit, and watching thereunto with all perseverance, and supplication for all saints."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Why is God said here to be in Heaven?", "answer": "It is to note his sovereign power and dominion over all, as a ground-work of faith in prayer."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What else does it import?", "answer": "The great distance between God and us, which should fill our hearts with a holy awe of him; Ecclesiastes 5:2.-God is in Heaven, and you upon earth: therefore let your words be few."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the first inference from hence?", "answer": "It shows us, what a sad case all those are in, that have no special interest in God as a Father."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the second inference from hence?", "answer": "It shows us, what a glorious privilege the Lord Jesus Christ has purchased for, and settled on his people? Hebrews 4:15, 16. For we have not an high-priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin. Let us therefore come boldly unto the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy, and find grace to help in time of need."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the last inference from hence?", "answer": "That seeing believers have a Father in Heaven, they should never fear wants while they live, nor be afraid to die, since death brings them to Heaven their Father's house. Of sanctifying God's Name"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "101", "sort_key": 101, "question": "WHAT do we pray for in the first petition?", "answer": "In the first petition, which is, [Hallowed be your name,] we pray, that God would enable us and others, to glorify him in all that whereby he makes himself known, and that he would dispose all things to his own glory.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Is there any word full enough, perfectly to express what God is?", "answer": "No, his name is secret; Judges 13:18. And the angel of the Lord said unto him. Why ask you thus after my name, seeing it is secret? A name which none can tell; Proverbs 30:4.-What is his name, and what is his Son's name, if you can tell? A name above every name; Philippians 2:9. Wherefore God also has highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name. But the name by which he more especially manifests himself, is the name I AM; Exodus 3:14. And God said unto Moses, I AM THAT I AM: And he said, Thus shall you say unto the children of Israel, I AM has sent me unto you."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What does the name of God, I AM, signify to us?", "answer": "It signifies to us, first, The reality of his being, in opposition to idols, which are but imaginary and fantastic things; 1 Corinthians 8:4.-We know that an idol is nothing in the world, etc. God is not only the most perfect Being, but the root of all other beings."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What else does this name I AM import?", "answer": "It imports both the perfection and eternity of God's being. I AM implies, he has not that now, which he had not formerly; and that he shall not afterwards have, what he has not now; and that there is neither beginning, end, nor succession with God, whose name is I AM."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "But what are we here to understand by the name of God?", "answer": "All those things are here intended, by which he manifests himself to the creature; as his words, works, and ordinances, but especially his glorious attributes; Exodus 34:5, 6.-The Lord, the Lord God, merciful and gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in goodness and truth."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is it to hallow, or sanctify his name?", "answer": "Not to infuse any holiness into him, which he had not before; so he sanctifies us; but to manifest and acknowledge the holiness of God; Isaiah 29:23. But when he sees his children, the work of my hands in the midst of him, they shall sanctify my name, and sanctify the holy one of Jacob, and shall fear the God of Israel."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Why hallowed or sanctified, rather than glorified? Why that word, rather than this?", "answer": "Because his holiness is the beauty and luster of his other attributes. His greatness appears in his holiness; Isaiah 12:6.-Great is the holy One of Israel in the midst of you. So does his power; Luke 1:49. For he who is mighty has done to me great things, and holy is his name. And therefore his holiness is that attribute, which angels single out especially to celebrate; Isaiah 6:3. And one cried unto another, and said, Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts, etc. And so did men also, as it is the cause why they should glorify him; Exodus 15:11.-Who is like you, glorious in holiness, etc."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the first thing we are to intend in this petition?", "answer": "The meaning is, that God would so dispose and order all things in the world, as may best promote and advance the glory of his name; on which account we may pray for the defeat of God's enemies; Psalm 83:16, 17, 18. Fill their faces with shame, that they may seek your name, O Lord. Let them be confounded and troubled forever; yes, let them be put to shame, and perish; that men may know that you, whose name alone is Jehovah, are the most High over all the earth. And the deliverance of his church and people; Psalm 79:9. Help us, O God of our salvation, for the glory of your name; and deliver us, and purge away our sins for your name's sake."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the second thing we are to intend in it?", "answer": "That God would fit us for, and use us in the most serviceable capacity for the glorifying of his name; Psalm 67:1, 2, 3. God be merciful unto us, and bless us, and cause his face to shine upon us: That your way may be known upon earth, your saving health among all nations. Let the people praise you, O God, let all the people praise you."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the third thing intended in this petition?", "answer": "That God may not only glorify his own name, and use us to glorify it, but that it should be our endeavor and joy to have it glorified by others all the world over; Psalm 145:4, 5, 6. One generation shall praise your works to another, and shall declare your mighty acts. I will speak of the glorious honor of your majesty, and of your wondrous works. And men shall speak of the might of your terrible acts; and I will declare your greatness."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Why must our hearts be so intently set upon the sanctification of God's name?", "answer": "Because this is the ultimate end of our own, and every other being; Romans 11:36. For of him, and through him, and to him, are all things; to whom be glory forever, Amen. And the particular end of God in our effectual calling; 1 Peter 2:9 but you are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a peculiar people, that you should show forth the praises of him who has called you out of darkness into his marvelous light."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the first inference from hence?", "answer": "That the dishonor of God's name must needs be a cutting affliction to a gracious soul; Psalm 42:10. As with a sword in my bones my enemies reproach me; while they say daily unto me, Where is your God?"}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the second inference hence?", "answer": "That it is a dreadful infatuation, and spiritual judgment upon those men that think they glorify God in doing those things which his soul hates; Isaiah 66:5. Hear the word of the Lord, you that tremble at his word: Your brethren that hated you, that cast you out for my name's sake, said, Let the Lord be glorified: But he shall appear to your joy, and they shall be ashamed. And John 16:2. They shall put you out of the synagogues: Yes, the time comes, that whoever kills you, he will think that he does God service."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the third inference from hence?", "answer": "That it should be indifferent to a Christian what condition God puts him into, so that he may but be useful to sanctify and exalt the name of God therein; Philippians 1:20.-As always, so now also Christ shall be magnified in my body, whether it be by life or by death."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the last inference hence?", "answer": "That it is an high and dreadful provocation of God to profane and abuse his worship, whereon his name is called, and wherein it is to be sanctified; Leviticus 10:1, 2, 3. And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put fire therein, and put incense thereon, and offered strange fire before the Lord, which he commanded them not. And there went out fire from the, Lord, and devoured them, and they died before the Lord. Then Moses said unto Aaron, this is that the Lord spoke, saying, I will be sanctified in them that come near me, and before all the people will I be glorified. Of God's Kingdom"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "102", "sort_key": 102, "question": "WHAT do we pray for in the second petition?", "answer": "In the second petition, which is, [Your kingdom come,] we pray that Satan's kingdom may be destroyed, and that the kingdom of grace may be advanced, ourselves and others brought into it, and kept in it, and that the kingdom of glory may be hastened.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the first thing signified by the kingdom of God here?", "answer": "The gospel is here intended by the kingdom of God, Matthew 13:47.-Again, the kingdom of Heaven is like unto a net that was cast into the sea, and gathered of every kind."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the thing signified by the coming of this kingdom of God?", "answer": "It signifies the removal of all impediments, that hinder its propagation in the world; 2 Thessalonians 3:1. Finally, brethren, pray for us, that the word of the Lord may have free course, and be glorified, even as it is with you."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Who, and what hinders the propagation of it?", "answer": "Antichrist, that man of sin, hinders it externally; 2 Thessalonians 2:4. Who opposes and exalts himself above all that is called God, or that is worshiped; so that he as God sits in the temple of God, showing himself that he is God. The devil and men's lusts internally; 1 Thessalonians 2:18. Wherefore we would have come unto you (even I Paul) once and again; but Satan hindered us. Luke 19:14. But his citizens hated him, and sent a messenger after him, saying, We will not have this man to reign over us."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What then is the desire of all good men, with respect to the coming of the gospel-kingdom?", "answer": "That all nations may be brought to Christ by the preaching of it, and so Christ's kingdom be greatly exalted and enlarged; Isaiah 2:2. And it shall come to pass in the last days, that the mountain of the Lord's house shall be established in the top of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills; and all nations shall flow into it."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is the second thing here meant by the kingdom of God?", "answer": "It signifies and intends the work of saving grace wrought in men's souls; Luke 17:21.-Behold, the kingdom of God is within you."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Why is this work of grace called the kingdom of God?", "answer": "Because wherever saving-grace comes, it subdues the soul to Christ's scepter; 2 Corinthians 10:5. Casting down imaginations, and every high thing that exalts itself against the knowledge of God, and brings into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ?"}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Wherein consists the kingdom of grace?", "answer": "It consists not in external rites and observances, but in righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit; Romans 14:17. For the kingdom of God is not food and drink, but righteousness and peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What do we ask of God in this petition, with respect to this kingdom of grace?", "answer": "Herein we desire not only our own personal progressive sanctification, but the sanctification of others all the world over; Acts 26:29. And Paul said, I would to God that not only you, but also all that hear me this day, were both almost, and altogether such as I am, except these bonds."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the third thing here meant by the kingdom of God?", "answer": "By it is here meant the future state of glory and blessedness; 1 Corinthians 15:50. Now this I say, brethren, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, etc."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Why is the heavenly state called the kingdom of God?", "answer": "This is called the kingdom of God, because in that state God reigns over his people gloriously, there being no rebellion in them in the least degree; Luke 20:36.-For they are equal unto the angels, and are the children of God, being the children of the resurrection. And they reign with Christ; Revelation 3:21. To him that overcomes, will I grant to sit with me in my throne, etc."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What do we desire in prayer for the coming of this kingdom?", "answer": "We desire not only our preservation in our passage to that state of glory; 1 Peter 5:10. But the God of all grace, who has called us unto his eternal glory by Christ Jesus, after that you have suffered a while, make you perfect, establish, strengthen, settle you. But the hastening of it to ourselves and others; Revelation 22:20.-Amen, even so come Lord Jesus."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the first instruction hence?", "answer": "That the gospel is an invaluable mercy, as it is the instrument of bringing us into Christ's gracious and glorious kingdom; Acts 26:18. To open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith that is in me."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the second inference from hence?", "answer": "That men may really hate and oppose the very thing they pray for."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the last instruction hence?", "answer": "That however firmly Satan's and Antichrist's kingdom seem to be founded in the world, they must and shall fall before the daily prayers of the saints. Concerning the Doing of God's Will"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "103", "sort_key": 103, "question": "WHAT do we pray for in the third petition?", "answer": "In the third petition, which is, [Your will be done in earth as it is in Heaven], we pray that God, by his grace, would make us able and willing to know, obey, and submit to his will in all things, as the angels do in Heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What will of God is here intended?", "answer": "Not the will of his decree; for that is in himself alone; 1 Corinthians 2:11. The things of God knows no man, but the Spirit of God."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What will then is here meant?", "answer": "The will of his providence may be here meant; Psalm 125:6. Whatever the Lord pleased, that did he in Heaven, and in earth, and in the seas, and all deep places. And Psalm 119:89. Forever, O Lord, your word is settled in Heaven. Verse 91. They continue this day according to your ordinances; for all are your servants."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How are we to understand the doing of this will of providence in Heaven?", "answer": "(1.) As it done by the sun, moon, and stars; Psalm 119:89. Your word is settled in Heaven. Verse 91. They continue this day according to your ordinances. Psalm 19:6. His going forth is from the end of the Heaven, and his circuit unto the ends of it; and there is nothing hidden from the heat thereof. (2.) As it is done by angels; Psalm 104:4. Who makes the angels spirits, his ministers a flaming fire. Hebrews 1:14. Are they not all ministering spirits, sent forth to minister for them who shall be heirs of salvation?"}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "How do these perform the will of God's providence?", "answer": "(1.) The heavenly bodies do it evenly, constantly, and unweariedly; Psalm 104:19. He appoints the moon for seasons, the sun knows his going down. (2.) The angels do it speedily, voluntarily, cheerfully, and so knowingly; Psalm 103:21. You ministers of his that do his pleasure."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Must we be agents in this providential will?", "answer": "Yes, we must; Acts 13:36. For David, after he had served his generation by the will of God, fell on sleep."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "How must we do it?", "answer": "By employing our abilities, faculties, and interests, in the duties of our particular callings, and by moving constantly, prudently, and vigorously in our own sphere, and so imitate those in Heaven."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Why do we pray that God's will of providence may be done by us?", "answer": "Because we are his creatures, and the most noble instrument of the inferior world; and therefore we should be willing to be acted by him, and active for him; and because this will of providence is always just, good, and true, and for his own glory; Psalm 145:17. The Lord is righteous in all his ways, and holy in all his works. Psalm 119:89. Forever, O Lord, your word is settled in Heaven. Verse 91. They continue this day according to your ordinances; for all are your servants."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What other will of God is here meant?", "answer": "The will of his precepts, and this is chiefly intended."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "And how is this will of God done in Heaven?", "answer": "By the angels it is done universally, cheerfully, constantly, humbly, thankfully, readily; Psalm 103:20. Bless the Lord, you his angels that excel in strength, that do his commandments, hearkening unto the voice of his word. And so it is done by the saints in Heaven; Revelation 7:15. Therefore are they before the throne of God, and serve him day and night in his temple; And chapter 22:3. And his servants shall serve him."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Do we pray then that we may thus do the will of God?", "answer": "Yes; for though we cannot perfectly without sin do it, yet that is our duty; Matthew 5 ult. be therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in Heaven is perfect. And in all other particulars we may and we must intimate them herein; Psalm 119:6. Then shall I not be ashamed, when I have respect unto all your commandments. Verse 14. I have rejoiced in the way of your testimonies as much as in all riches. Verse 69. I made haste, and delayed not to keep your commandments. Verse 112, etc. I have inclined my heart to perform your statutes always even unto the end."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "How must we know God's will?", "answer": "Not notionally and rationally only; but spiritually also; 1 Corinthians 2:14. They are spiritually discerned."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Why is knowing God's will placed here before doing it, etc.?", "answer": "Because the understanding is the leading faculty, without which it is impossible there should be any obedience; Proverbs 19:2. Also that the soul be without knowledge it is not good. Jeremiah 5:4. Therefore I said, Surely these are poor, they are foolish; for they know not the way of the Lord, nor the judgment of their God."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Why pray we to God for this knowledge? can we not know it of ourselves?", "answer": "No, it is the special gift and grace of God; Galatians 1:15, 16. But when it pleased God, who separated me from my mother's womb, and called me by his grace, to reveal his Son in me, that I might preach him among the Heathen, immediately I conferred not with flesh and blood. Ephesians 1:17, 19. That the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give unto you the Spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him.-And what is the exceeding greatness of his power to us-ward who believe, according to the working of his mighty power. Ephesians 5:8. For you were sometimes darkness, but now are you light in the Lord."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Why do we pray that we may obey; can we not do it of our own free-will when we know it?", "answer": "No, for our wills are stubborn and rebellious against God's commands, as well as our minds ignorant of them; Romans 8:7. Because the carnal mind is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be. Ezekiel 36:25, 26. Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and you shall be clean; from all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you. A new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you; and I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you an heart of flesh. Philippians 2:13. For it is God that works in you, both to will and to do of his good pleasure."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What is meant by submitting to God's will?", "answer": "(1.) Either a voluntary subjection of soul, and a preparedness actually to do his will: Or, (2.) A voluntary and silent submission to his will of providence in affliction: but in this particular we cannot imitate those in Heaven, because no cross ever befalls them."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Why is will added in all things?", "answer": "Because partial obedience is no obedience; he who does not obey God in everything, obeys him in nothing; James 2:10. For whoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Why do we pray that God by his grace would work this will in us, and by us?", "answer": "Because it is free grace that determines it; 2 Timothy 1:9. Who has saved us, and called us with a holy calling, not according to our works, but according to his own purpose and grace, which was given us in Christ Jesus, before the world began. And efficacious grace that works it in us, and enables us to do it; Ephesians 5:8. For you were sometimes darkness, but now are you light in the Lord. Verse 10. Proving what is acceptable unto the Lord."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What is the first inference from hence?", "answer": "That it is man's glory and felicity to be conformed to the will of God, Proverbs 12:26. The righteous is more excellent than his neighbor. Psalm 19:10, 11. More to be desired are they than gold, yes, than much fine gold; sweeter also than honey and the honeycomb. Moreover, by them is your servant warned, and in keeping of them there is great reward."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is the second inference?", "answer": "That we must mortify in ourselves every lust that contradicts God's will, and renounce without ourselves everything that comes in competition therewith; 1 Corinthians 9 ult. But I keep under my body, and bring it into subjection; lest that by any means, when I have preached to others, I myself should be a cast-away. Galatians 6:14. But God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom the world is crucified unto me, and I unto the world."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What is the third inference?", "answer": "That it is in vain, yes, a provocation to pray, if we be not obedient to God's will; Proverbs 2:8, 9. He keeps the paths of judgment, and preserves the way of his saints. Then shall you understand righteousness, and judgment, and equity; yes, every good path."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What is the fourth inference?", "answer": "That the law still has the authority of a rule to believers, because it reveals God's will, which they must do. Concerning our daily Bread"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "104", "sort_key": 104, "question": "WHAT do we pray for in the fourth petition?", "answer": "In the fourth petition, which is, [Give us this day our daily bread,] we pray that of God's free gift we may receive a competent portion of the good things of this life, and enjoy his blessing with them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Why is this petition placed after the three former?", "answer": "Because those concern immediately and generally God's glory, in the advancement of his name, kingdom and will, which ought to be preferred to all our personal concerns; Psalm 69:9. The zeal of your house has eaten me up. Acts 21:13. I am ready not to be bound only, but also to die at Jerusalem for the name of the Lord Jesus."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Why is it put before the two following petitions?", "answer": "Not for its worth, but for its order; for we can have no spiritual blessings, unless we have a natural being in this life."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What kind of bread is here meant?", "answer": "Not spiritual bread, or our Lord Jesus Christ, (as some,) but corporal and temporal."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is included in this word bread?", "answer": "Not that only which we call strictly bread, but all the good things of this present life."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Do we hereby beg pure necessities only?", "answer": "No, we pray for conveniences for our comfort, as well as necessities for our life."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Do we herein pray only for personal good things for our being?", "answer": "No, we pray for civil good things for our condition, that according to our degree in the world, in which God has placed us, we may have a convenient allowance."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Do we pray here for ourselves only?", "answer": "No, but also for our charge, children, and family, that under and with us they may have the good things of this life."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Why do we pray to God for these good things, can we not get them ourselves, or our fellow-creatures give them to us?", "answer": "Not without God: whatever we have of these things, they are from God; whoever be the second cause or instrument: If ourselves, God gives us ability and success to get them; if others, God inclined their hearts, and opened their hands to bestow them; Deuteronomy 8:17, 18. And you say in your heart. My power and the might of my hand has gotten me this wealth. But you shall remember the Lord your God; for it is he who gives you power to get wealth."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Why do we pray to God to give us bread?", "answer": "Because the least crumb of bread is a free gift, and never can be merited by all we can do or suffer; Luke 17:10. So likewise you, when you shall have done all these things which are commanded you, say, We are unprofitable servants."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Why are all these things couched under the expression of bread?", "answer": "(1.) Because bread is one of the most necessary and useful things to preserve life. (2.) Because we must not ask delicacies and dainties of God."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is meant by day in our petition?", "answer": "Either (1.) A natural day of twenty four hours; or, (2.) The day of our whole life."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Why do we pray for daily bread?", "answer": "Because God must give us the mercies and good things of everyday, or else we cannot have them."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Why should we not pray for weekly, or monthly, or yearly bread, as well as daily?", "answer": "(1.) Because it is fit we should be still sensible of our dependence upon God. (2.) Because we do frequently pray to God, and so exert our graces, and maintain communion with him, and daily render thanks for daily favors; Psalm 55:17. Evening and morning, and at noon will I pray, and cry aloud, and he shall hear my voice."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What need we to pray for daily bread, when we may have stores laid up for years?", "answer": "They that have the good things of this life need to pray this petition, as well as they that have them not. Not that they may have bread, but that it may be bread to them: for except God give his blessing upon it, bread would be ashes, and not sustenance to us; neither could all the comforts of this life do us any good; Isaiah 3:1. For behold, the Lord, the Lord of hosts does take away from Jerusalem, and from Judah, the whole stay of bread, and the whole stay of water. Malachi 2:1, 2. And now, O you priests, this commandment is for you: if you will not hear, and if you will not lay it to heart, to give glory unto my name, says the Lord of hosts, I will even send a curse upon you, and I will curse your blessings; yes, I have cursed them already, because you do not lay it to heart."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Why do we pray only for daily bread, or a competency, may we not pray for abundance and riches?", "answer": "No, because riches are a great snare and temptation; Matthew 19:23, 24. Then said Jesus unto his disciples, Truly I say unto you, that a rich man shall hardly enter into the kingdom of Heaven. And again I say unto you, It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God. Proverbs 30:8, 9. Remove far from me vanity and lies; give me neither poverty nor riches, feed me with food convenient for me: lest I be full and deny you, and say, Who is the Lord? Or lest I be poor, and steal, and take the name of my God in vain."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What shall we then do with riches, if providence cast them upon us, shall we cast them away?", "answer": "No, for some of the best of men, and greatest of God's favorites, have lived and died rich. But, (1.) We must wean our hearts from them; Psalm 62:10. Trust not in oppression, and become not vain in robbery; if riches increase, set not your heart upon them. (2.) Be thankful for them; and, (3.) Fruitful with them in acts of piety and charity; 1 Timothy 6:17, 19. Charge them that are rich in this world, that they be not high-minded, nor trust in uncertain riches, but in the living God, who gives us richly all things to enjoy: laying up in store for themselves a good foundation against the time to come, that they may lay hold on eternal life."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Wherefore is the bread called our bread?", "answer": "Not because we are absolute lords and possessors of it, for it is God's only; Psalm 24:1, 2. The earth is the Lord's and the fullness thereof; the world, and they that dwell therein. For he has founded it upon the seas, and established it upon the floods. Psalm 50:10, 12. For every beast of the forest is mine, and the cattle upon a thousand hills. If I were hungry, I would not tell you, for the world is mine, and the fullness thereof. But, (1.) Because we must have a covenant right to it; and, (2.) A civil right; we must come lawfully and honestly by, and so keep the good things of this life; 2 Thessalonians 3:10. For even when we were with you, this we commanded you, that if any would not work, neither should he eat."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Having prayed for our daily bread, need we to labor and endeavor to get it?", "answer": "Yes, we must labor in good and honest callings; God's blessing and man's industry must concur towards the present maintenance of life; Psalm 128:1, 2. Blessed is every one that fears the Lord: that walks in his ways. For you shall eat the labor of your hands: happy shall you be, and it shall be well with you. Proverbs 10:4, 22. He becomes poor that deals with a slack hand; but the hand of the diligent makes rich. The blessing of the Lord makes rich, and he adds no sorrow with it."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is the first inference from it?", "answer": "That we must not seek great matters for ourselves, neither make them the matter of prayer to God; nor the end and design of our labors and callings among men."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What is a second inference from hence?", "answer": "That having food and clothing, we must be therewith content, and therefore thankful; 1 Timothy 6:8. And having food and clothing, let us be therewith content. 1 Thessalonians 5:18. In everything give thanks."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What is the third inference?", "answer": "That we ascribe not our success in the world to our own skill and industry, for the wisest and most industrious do sometimes labor in the fire, and put their gain in a bag with holes; but to God's free donation to us, and to his blessing upon our endeavors; Genesis 33:5, 11. And he lift up his eyes, and saw the women and the children, and said, Who are those with you? And he said, the children which God has graciously given your servant.-Take, I pray you, my blessing that is brought to you, because God has dealt graciously with me, and because I have enough. Deuteronomy 28:3. Blessed shall you be in the city, and blessed shall you be in the field. Verse 6. Blessed shall you be when you come in, and blessed shall you be when you go out. Concerning Forgiveness of Sins"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "105", "sort_key": 105, "question": "WHAT do we pray for in the fifth petition?", "answer": "In the fifth petition, which is, [And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors,] we pray, that God, for Chris's sake, would freely pardon all our sins; which we are the rather encouraged to ask, because by his grace we are enabled from the heart to forgive others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Why does this petition immediately follow the former?", "answer": "To teach, that all temporal and corporal good things, without special and spiritual ones, are little worth; Psalm 4:6. There be many that say, who will show us any good? Lord, lift you up the light of your countenance upon us. Psalm 17:14, 15. From men which are your hand, O Lord, from men of the world, which have their portion in this life, and whose belly you fill with your hidden treasure. They are full of children, and leave the rest of their substance to their babes. As for me, I will behold your face in righteousness? I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with your likeness."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Why is it annexed to the former with the copulative and?", "answer": "To teach, that to be one minute in the confluence of all earthly good things, without the pardon of sin, is a very dangerous and dreadful condition; Luke 12:16, 20. And he spoke a parable unto them, saying, The ground of a certain rich man brought forth plentifully: But God said unto him, You fool, this night shall your soul be required of you; then whose shall those things be which you have provided?"}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Why is forgiveness of sins placed in the front of spiritual blessings?", "answer": "Because until sin be pardoned, we are under wrath, and can have no special saving grace applied to us, until we are accepted; until we are in Christ, we have no covenant-right to the blessings of Christ; Matthew 11:28. Come unto me all you that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Verse 30. For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light; John 15:4, 5. Abide in me, and I in you; as the branch cannot bear fruit of itself, except it abide in the vine; no more can you, except you abide in me. I am the vine, you are the branches. He who abides in me, and I in him, the same brings forth much fruit; for without me you can do nothing.-Verse 7. If you abide in me, and my words abide in you; you shall ask what you will, and it shall be done unto you. John 3 ult. He who believes on the Son, has everlasting life; and he who believes not the Son, shall not see life; but the wrath of God abides on him."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Why do we pray for forgiveness? Cannot we make amends for our sins, and be freed from their guilt, without pardon?", "answer": "No, all that we can ever do, or suffer, can never expiate the guilt of the least sin; Psalm 49:7, 8. None of them can by any means redeem his brother, nor give to God a ransom for him; (for the redemption of their soul is precious, and it ceases for ever) 1 Samuel 2:25. If one man sin against another, the judge shall judge him: but if a man sin against the Lord, who shall entreat for him?"}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Does God then freely, and out of mere grace, forgive us?", "answer": "Yes, without any respect had to anything we can do, or be; Isaiah 43:25. I, even I am he who blots out your transgressions for my own sake, and will not remember your sins. Romans 9:15. I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion. Verse 18. Therefore has he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardens."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "How does God forgive sins?", "answer": "(1.) Universally, all sins; Exodus 34:6, 7. And the Lord passed by before him, and proclaimed, the Lord, the Lord God, merciful and gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in goodness and truth, keeping mercy for thousands; forgiving iniquity, and transgression, and sin. Jeremiah 33:8. And I will cleanse them from all their iniquities, whereby they have sinned against me; And I will pardon all their iniquities, whereby they have sinned, and whereby they have transgressed against me. Hosea 14:2. Take away all iniquity, and receive us graciously. (2.) Completely, and perfectly; Isaiah 43:25. I, even I am he who blots out your transgressions for my own sake, and will not remember your sins. Psalm 103:12. As far as the east is from the west, so far has he removed our transgressions from us. Micah 7:19. He will subdue our iniquities; and you will cast all our sins into the depths of the sea. Isaiah 38:17. For you have cast all my sins behind your back. (3.) Everlastingly; Jeremiah 31:34. For I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more. Hebrews 8:12. And their sins and their iniquities will I remember no more."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "But does not God punish them afterward, whom he has justified and forgiven?", "answer": "No, not with a proper and vindictive punishment; but he brings evils upon them for their sins, as a Father chastises his child; and other sorts of afflictions for their spiritual good: He may be angry, as a Father, with those he has pardoned, but never hate them as a condemning Judge; Psalm 89:28. My mercy will I keep for him for evermore, and my covenant shall stand fast with him. Verse 34. My covenant will I not break, nor alter the thing that is gone out of my lips."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "How can God be said freely to pardon all our sins, when we pray it may be done for Christ's sake; does not that imply that Christ has satisfied God for our sins, and deserved our remission?", "answer": "Yes, it does so; for the Lord Christ, by his life and death, did satisfy Divine Justice, and did merit our forgiveness: But if he did so, we did not so; our sins cost him dear, but their pardon cost us nothing; our pardon is perfectly free to us, though due to Christ, for God gave Christ freely for us; God accepts of his merits, and applies them to us freely; Romans 3:24. Being justified freely by his grace, through the redemption that is in Jesus Christ."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "But is there nothing required from us as the condition of pardon? and if so, how can it be absolutely free?", "answer": "There are required repentance from sin, and faith in the Lord Christ; Luke 13:3. But except you repent, you shall all likewise perish; John 3 ult. And he who believes not the Son, shall not see life; but the wrath of God abides on him. This is required from us towards our pardon, but yet it is free, (1.) Because God freely ordains thus to pardon. (2.) Because both these are the free gifts of God; Acts 11:18. Then has God also to the Gentiles granted repentance unto life. Ephesians 2:8. For by grace are you saved, through faith; and that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "When then are our sins forgiven?", "answer": "Just upon our closure with Christ by faith, in that very moment; Romans 5:1. Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God, through our Lord Jesus Christ. Romans 8:1. There is therefore now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Why do we pray in the answer, for the forgiveness of all our sins?", "answer": "Because if the least guilt should remain upon us, it would exclude us from God's favor, and lodge us in everlasting burnings; Romans 6 ult. For the wages of sin is death."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What are the privileges and blessings that accompany pardon?", "answer": "Justification is accompanied with adoption; John 1:12. But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name. With the Spirit and principle of all grace and holiness; 1 Corinthians 6:11. And such were some of you; but you are washed, but you are sanctified, but you are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by the Spirit of our God. With an infallible title to eternal glory; John 3:16. That whoever believes in him should not perish, but have everlasting life; Romans 8:30. Whom he justified, them he also glorified."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "How may we know that we are pardoned and justified?", "answer": "Ordinarily, by our sanctification, by our loathing of sin, our contempt of the world, our valuing of Christ, our love and thankfulness to God, etc. 1 Corinthians 6:11. But you are sanctified. Romans 7:24. O wretched man that I am, who shall deliver me from the body of this death? Galatians 6:14. By whom the world is crucified unto me, and I unto the world. 1 Peter 2:7. Unto you therefore which believe, he is precious. Luke 7:47. Her sins, which are many, are forgiven; for she loved much."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is meant by [our?] Is it only such sins as we have personally and actually committed?", "answer": "No, but also Adam's sin, which is ours by imputation; Romans 5:19. By one man's disobedience many were made sinners. And original sin, which is ours by inhesion; Psalm 51:5. Behold, I was shaped in iniquity, and in sin did my mother conceive me. And other men's sins, which we have made ours, by exciting them to them, not hindering of them, silence at them, and other ways; 2 Samuel 12:9. You have killed Uriah the Hittite with the sword, and have taken his wife to be your wife, and have slain him with the sword of the children of Ammon. 1 Timothy 5:22. Neither be partaker of other men's sins."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Wherefore are sins called debts?", "answer": "Because they are a non-payment of God's dues, a non performance of our duty; which makes us liable to the arrest of death, and to the prison of Hell."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Why do we plead our own forgiveness of others?", "answer": "Not as any merit of our own pardon; but either as an encouragement of ourselves to beg pardon; seeing such evil, envious, and malignant persons, are enabled to forgive others, much more may we hope the good and gracious God will forgive us: or, as a condition, without which we can have no pardon, and with which we shall; Matthew 6:14. For if we forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How do others trespass against us?", "answer": "When they injure us, either in our persons, or names, or families, or estates, or souls, etc. 1 Samuel 2:25. If one man sin against another, the judge shall judge him; but if a man sin against the Lord, who shall entreat for him?"}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Can we forgive our neighbor freely, fully, and perfectly, as God does forgive us?", "answer": "We cannot."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What then is the meaning of God's forgiving us, as we forgive others?", "answer": "Not as to the quantity and perfection of forgiveness, but as to the sincerity and quality thereof; Matthew 18 ult. So likewise shall my heavenly Father do also unto you, if you from your hearts forgive not every one his brother their trespasses."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Are we always bound to manifest outwardly our love and forgiveness to all our enemies, and to behave ourselves towards them as friends?", "answer": "No, if we have experienced them to be treacherous and false, and see no change, we are not bound to trust them; if they be, and remain wicked and profane, we must not associate with them; Psalm 26:5. I have hated the congregation of evil doers, and will not sit with the wicked. Verse 4. I have not sat with vain persons, neither will I go in with dissemblers."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What then must we do to such?", "answer": "We must heartily forgive them all their injuries, we must love them with the love of benevolence, pray for them, and be ready and willing to do them all good, both of body and soul; Matthew 5:44, 45. But I say unto you, Love your enemies; bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you and persecute you. That you may be the children of your Father which is in Heaven; for he makes his sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the just and on the unjust."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "If we forgive others, shall we be forgiven ourselves?", "answer": "We shall, if out of obedience to God, and love to Christ, we do it."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What is the first inference from hence?", "answer": "That except our sins be forgiven, we are lost and undone creatures; and therefore we must never be contented, until we are pardoned."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What is a second inference?", "answer": "That God is a God of love, goodness, and pardon; seeing he will not pardon us, if we do not pardon others; but will, if we do so."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What is a third inference?", "answer": "That if we live in hatred when we pray the Lord's prayer, we pray for our own damnation; Matthew 18:22. Jesus says unto him, I say not unto you, Until seven times, but until seventy times seven. Verse 35. So likewise shall my heavenly Father do also unto you, if you from your hearts forgive not every one his brother their trespasses. Of God's leading us into temptation"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "106", "sort_key": 106, "question": "WHAT do we pray for in the sixth petition?", "answer": "In the sixth petition, which is, [And lead us not into temptation; but deliver us from evil:] we pray, that God would either keep us from being tempted to sin, or support and deliver us when we are tempted.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Why is this petition joined to the former with the copulative and?", "answer": "Because it will be but little advantage to have former sins pardoned, and to be left to the power and practice, to the love and trade of sin for the future; Ezekiel 18:26. When a righteous man turns away from his righteousness, and commits iniquity, and dies in them; for his iniquity that he has done, shall he die."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is meant by temptation?", "answer": "In general, a trial or probation of what is in us, or of what we will do."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is meant by temptation here?", "answer": "Temptation to sin and wickedness."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "How may we be said to be tempted to sin?", "answer": "(1.) Effectually by ourselves, and our own hearts; James 1:14, 15. But every man is tempted, when he is drawn away of his own lust, and enticed. Then when lust has conceived, it brings forth sin; and sin when it is finished, brings forth death. (2.) Formally, with an intention to draw into sin; and so we are tempted of the devil; 1 Chronicles 21:1. And Satan stood up against Israel, and provoked David to number Israel. Matthew 4:1, 3. Then was Jesus led up of the Spirit into the wilderness, to be tempted of the devil. And when the tempter came to him, he said, If you be the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread. (3.) Innocently, and blamelessly; and so God is said to tempt; 2 Samuel 24:1. And again the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel; and he moved David against them to say, Go number Israel and Judah."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How many ways may God be said to tempt evil?", "answer": "(1.) By withdrawing his grace, either common or special; 2 Chronicles 32:31. Howbeit, in the business of the ambassadors of the princes of Babylon, who sent unto him to inquire of the wonder that was done in the land; God left him to try him, that he might know all that was in his heart. (2.) By permitting Satan, and wicked men, to tempt; 2 Samuel 24:1. He moved David against them, to say, Go and number Israel and Judah. With 1 Chronicles 21:1. Satan stood up against Israel, and provoked David. Matthew 4:1. Then was Jesus led up of the Spirit into the wilderness, to be tempted of the devil. (3.) By presenting occasions in his providence, which he knows will be abused to sin; as in the fall of Adam, the hardening of Pharaoh, etc."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What do we beg in this petition?", "answer": "We beg, that we may not any of these, or any other ways, whereby the holy God may be said to lead into temptation, be led thereunto; Psalm 141:1. Incline not my heart to any evil thing, to practice wicked works with men that work iniquity; and let me not cat of their dainties, Psalm 19:13. Keep back your servant also from presumptuous sins; let them not have dominion over me: Then shall I be upright, and I shall be innocent from the great transgression."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is meant by evil?", "answer": "Some understand of the devil, but the best meaning is sin, which is the evil of evils, and makes the devil evil, and is the worst of evils the devil can bring upon us, and is usually so understood in scripture; Psalm 97:10. You that love the Lord, hate evil, Isaiah 1:16. Cease to do evil. Amos 5:15. Hate the evil, and love the good. Romans 12:9. Abhor that which is evil."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is meant by deliverance from evil?", "answer": "That if God sees meet to permit us to be tempted by Satan, and the wicked without, or by our own hearts within, to sin; or occasionally, by his providence; that he will not leave us, but undertake for us, that we may not be led into sin thereby, but by his grace be made more than conquerors. Psalm 51:10. Create in me a clean heart, O God, and renew a right spirit within me. Psalm 119:133. Order my steps in your word and let not any iniquity have dominion over me. According to his promise; 1 Corinthians 10:13. But God is faithful, who will not allow himto be tempted above that you are able. 2 Corinthians 12:9. And he said unto me, My grace is sufficient for you; for my strength is made perfect in weakness."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the first inference?", "answer": "That sin is the worst of evils."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the second inference?", "answer": "That without God's grace we can never withstand, but shall be overcome by every temptation; 2 Corinthians 3:5. Not that we are sufficient of ourselves, to think anything as of ourselves; but our sufficiency is of God, John 15:5. For without me you can do nothing."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the third inference?", "answer": "That we must do all we can to keep ourselves from temptation, and to engage the grace of God with us in temptation, by prayer, by pleasing the Spirit of God, by looking to Jesus, etc. Of the Conclusion"}]}
{"_source_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "_source_title": "An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism", "_author": "John Flavel", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog", "document_id": "exposition-of-the-assemblies-catechism", "item_id": "107", "sort_key": 107, "question": "WHAT does the conclusion of the Lord's prayer teach us?", "answer": "The conclusion of the Lord's prayer, which is, [For your is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, forever and ever; Amen.] teaches us, to take our encouragement in prayer from God only; and in our prayers to praise him; ascribing kingdom, power, and glory to him; and in testimony of our desire, and assurance, to be heard, we say, Amen.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Why is the conclusion joined to the particle For?", "answer": "To teach us, that therein are included arguments, or reasons to press God withal, and to prevail with him for audience."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "But is it lawful to argue with God, and to urge him with reasons in prayer?", "answer": "It is not only lawful, but expedient, yes, highly commendable; as is seen in the saints prayer. In Moses,' Numbers 14:13. And Moses said unto the Lord, Then the Egyptians shall hear it, (for you brought up this people in your might from among them.) Verse 19. Pardon, I beseech you, the iniquity of this people, according unto the greatness of your mercy, and as you have forgiven this people from Egypt, even until now. In Joshua's, chapter 7:7. And Joshua said, Alas! O Lord God; wherefore have you at all brought this people over Jordan, to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites, to destroy us? Would to God we had been content, and dwelt on the other side Jordan. Verse 9. For the Canaanites, and all the inhabitants of the land shall hear of it, and shall environ us round, and cut off our name from the earth: And what will you do unto your great name? In Asa's, 2 Chronicles 14:11. And Asa cried unto the Lord his God, and said, Lord, it is nothing with you to help, whether with many, or with them that have no power. Help us, O Lord our God, for we rest on you; and in your name we go against this great multitude. O Lord, you are our God; let no man prevail against you. In Jehoshaphat's, 2 Chr. 20:6.-And said, O Lord God of our fathers, are not you God in Heaven? And rule not you over all the kingdoms of the heathen? And in your hand is there not power and might, so that none is able to withstand you? And Hezekiah's, 2 Kings 19:15. And Hezekiah prayed before the Lord, and said, O Lord God of Israel, which dwell between the cherubim; you are the God, even you alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth: You have made Heaven and earth. Verse 19. Now therefore, O Lord our God, etc."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "But to what purpose, can we think to prevail with God, by our arguments and importunities?", "answer": "They are not used, as though we would put God in remembrance of anything, or would prevail with God to do that for us, which he is unwilling to give."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Why then?", "answer": "For our own profit, for the enlarging of our own hearts, for the exciting of our fervency, for the exerting of faith, hope, zeal, charity, etc. in prayer; and so to prepare ourselves for the mercy, that we may the more gratefully receive it, and the more fruitfully employ it."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How many arguments are in this conclusion?", "answer": "Three."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "From whence are they taken?", "answer": "From God's kingdom, from his power, and from his glory."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What kingdom is here meant?", "answer": "God's universal, essential, and absolute kingdom; wherein may be, and is involved, his special kingdom over the church."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What are the arguments from hence?", "answer": "Because all that we can pray for in this prayer, is for the advancement and perfecting of this his kingdom, by the destruction of all persons and things that oppose it, and the completion of his dominion over all his subjects; therefore he would grant all these requests."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is another?", "answer": "Because he being such an absolute Lord and Sovereign has an undeniable right, and unquestionable authority, to give and grant all we ask, and to effect and bring to pass all we beg: For all persons and things are his own, and at his disposal. Matthew 20:15. Is it not lawful for me to do what I will with my own?"}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is meant by power?", "answer": "God's essential, infinite, irresistible power, whereby he can do what he pleases; Psalm 135:6. Whatever the Lord pleased, etc."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the argument from hence?", "answer": "That we ask nothing from God, but what we can do with infinite ease, in despite of all the opposition that Hell, earth and heart can make to the contrary; Philippians 3 ult. According to the working, etc. Ephesians 3:20. Now unto him that is able, etc."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is meant by glory?", "answer": "Not his essential glory, which no man, or angel, can ever apprehend."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What glory then?", "answer": "His declared and acknowledged glory, even the accomplishment of all his decrees by his providence; and then the love, the adoration, and the praises, the self-dedications of angels and saints, returned to him for the same."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the argument or motive from hence?", "answer": "That seeing the substance of every request does directly tend to, and will perfectly end in, this glory of God, when they are fully answered; therefore he would gradually answer them while we are here, and perfectly at last, to the advancement of his glory now, and the completion of it then. 1 Chronicles 29:11. Your, O Lord, is the greatness, and the power, and the glory, etc. Joshua 7:9. And what will you do unto your great name? Isaiah 42:8. I am the Lord, that is my name, etc. Isaiah 48:11. For my own sake, even for my own sake, will I do it, etc."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Why is Amen added?", "answer": "Because it is the usual conclusion of prayers and praises; Psalm 41:13. Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, etc. Psalm 72:19. And blessed be his glorious name forever, etc. 2 Corinthians 13 ult. The grace of the Lord Jesus, and the love of God, etc. Romans 16:20. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you. Amen."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "But what does this word here signify?.", "answer": "It signifies, (1.) The reality and ardency of our desires to be granted in what we pray for: Revelation 22:20. He which testifies these things, says, Surely I come quickly. Amen. Even so come Lord Jesus."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "And what besides?", "answer": "Our trust and firm confidence that we shall be heard and answered in all these our requests; Revelation 1:7. Even so, Amen. Revelation 7:12. Saying, Amen. Blessing, and glory, and wisdom, etc."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What are the inferences from hence?", "answer": "That we ought to use in prayer all such arguments, as may most and best affect our hearts towards God, excite our graces, and succeed with God."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is another?", "answer": "That all we pray for must be in a subserviency to God's kingdom, and with a desire of his glory."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What is the next?", "answer": "That we must act according to our prayers; do all we can for the advancement of God's kingdom, and the exaltation of his glory, as subjects and votaries thereto; Psalm 116:16. 1 Corinthians 10:31."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What may more be gathered hence?", "answer": "That as we ought to begin, so to continue, and conclude our prayers, in lowest adorations of God, and acknowledgments of his glory and attributes."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What more does this conclusion teach?", "answer": "That in prayer we must be fervent in our desires, and longing for what we pray, James 5:16."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Is there anything besides?", "answer": "That praying for things agreeable to God's will, we ought to be confident that we shall succeed in our requests praying for the matter, and after the manner of this prayer; James 1:6, 8. Matthew 21:22."}]}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "1", "sort_key": 1, "question": "What is your only comfort in life and death?", "answer": "That I am not my own, but belong with body and soul, both in life and in death, to my faithful Saviour Jesus Christ. He has fully paid for all my sins with His precious blood, and has set me free from all the power of the devil. He also preserves me in such a way that without the will of my heavenly Father not a hair can fall from my head; indeed, all things must work together for my salvation. Therefore, by His Holy Spirit He also assures me of eternal life and makes me heartily willing and ready from now on to live for Him.", "answer_with_proofs": "That I am not my own,[1] but belong with body and soul, both in life and in death,[2] to my faithful Saviour Jesus Christ.[3] He has fully paid for all my sins with His precious blood,[4] and has set me free from all the power of the devil.[5] He also preserves me in such a way[6] that without the will of my heavenly Father not a hair can fall from my head;[7] indeed, all things must work together for my salvation.[8] Therefore, by His Holy Spirit He also assures me of eternal life[9] and makes me heartily willing and ready from now on to live for Him.[10]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.6.19,1Cor.6.2", "osis": ["1Cor.6.19", "1Cor.6.2"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.14.7-Rom.14.9", "osis": ["Rom.14.7-Rom.14.9"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.3.23", "osis": ["1Cor.3.23"]}, {"raw": "Titus.2.14", "osis": ["Titus.2.14"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.1.18-1Pet.1.19", "osis": ["1Pet.1.18-1Pet.1.19"]}, {"raw": "1John.1.7", "osis": ["1John.1.7"]}, {"raw": "1John.2.2", "osis": ["1John.2.2"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "John.8.34-John.8.36", "osis": ["John.8.34-John.8.36"]}, {"raw": "Heb.2.14-Heb.2.15", "osis": ["Heb.2.14-Heb.2.15"]}, {"raw": "1John.3.8", "osis": ["1John.3.8"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "John.6.39-John.6.40", "osis": ["John.6.39-John.6.40"]}, {"raw": "John.10.27-John.10.30", "osis": ["John.10.27-John.10.30"]}, {"raw": "2Thess.3.3", "osis": ["2Thess.3.3"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.1.5", "osis": ["1Pet.1.5"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.10.29-Matt.10.31", "osis": ["Matt.10.29-Matt.10.31"]}, {"raw": "Luke.21.16-Luke.21.18", "osis": ["Luke.21.16-Luke.21.18"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.28", "osis": ["Rom.8.28"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.15-Rom.8.16", "osis": ["Rom.8.15-Rom.8.16"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.1.21-2Cor.1.22", "osis": ["2Cor.1.21-2Cor.1.22"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.5.5", "osis": ["2Cor.5.5"]}, {"raw": "Eph.1.13-Eph.1.14", "osis": ["Eph.1.13-Eph.1.14"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.14", "osis": ["Rom.8.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "2", "sort_key": 2, "question": "What do you need to know in order to live and die in the joy of this comfort?", "answer": "First, how great my sins and misery are; second, how I am delivered from all my sins and misery; third, how I am to be thankful to God for such deliverance.", "answer_with_proofs": "First, how great my sins and misery are;[1] second, how I am delivered from all my sins and misery;[2] third, how I am to be thankful to God for such deliverance.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.9-Rom.3.10", "osis": ["Rom.3.9-Rom.3.10"]}, {"raw": "1John.1.10", "osis": ["1John.1.10"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "John.17.3", "osis": ["John.17.3"]}, {"raw": "Acts.4.12", "osis": ["Acts.4.12"]}, {"raw": "Acts.10.43", "osis": ["Acts.10.43"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.16", "osis": ["Matt.5.16"]}, {"raw": "Rom.6.13", "osis": ["Rom.6.13"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.8-Eph.5.10", "osis": ["Eph.5.8-Eph.5.10"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.2.9-1Pet.2.10", "osis": ["1Pet.2.9-1Pet.2.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "3", "sort_key": 3, "question": "From where do you know your sins and misery?", "answer": "From the law of God.", "answer_with_proofs": "From the law of God.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.20", "osis": ["Rom.3.20"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "4", "sort_key": 4, "question": "What does God's law require of us?", "answer": "Christ teaches us this in a summary in Matthew 22: You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind. This is the great and first commandment. And a second is like it, You shall love your neighbour as yourself. On these two commandments depend all the law and the prophets.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ teaches us this in a summary in Matthew 22: You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind.[1] This is the great and first commandment. And a second is like it, You shall love your neighbour as yourself. On these two commandments depend all the law and the prophets.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.6.5", "osis": ["Deut.6.5"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.19.18", "osis": ["Lev.19.18"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "5", "sort_key": 5, "question": "Can you keep all this perfectly?", "answer": "No, I am inclined by nature to hate God and my neighbour.", "answer_with_proofs": "No,[1] I am inclined by nature to hate God and my neighbour.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.10,Rom.3.23", "osis": ["Rom.3.10", "Rom.3.23"]}, {"raw": "1John.1.8,1John.1.10", "osis": ["1John.1.8", "1John.1.10"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.6.5", "osis": ["Gen.6.5"]}, {"raw": "Gen.8.21", "osis": ["Gen.8.21"]}, {"raw": "Jer.17.9", "osis": ["Jer.17.9"]}, {"raw": "Rom.7.23", "osis": ["Rom.7.23"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.7", "osis": ["Rom.8.7"]}, {"raw": "Eph.2.3", "osis": ["Eph.2.3"]}, {"raw": "Titus.3.3", "osis": ["Titus.3.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "6", "sort_key": 6, "question": "Did God, then, create man so wicked and perverse?", "answer": "No, on the contrary, God created man good and in His image, that is, in true righteousness and holiness, so that he might rightly know God His Creator, heartily love Him, and live with Him in eternal blessedness to praise and glorify Him.", "answer_with_proofs": "No, on the contrary, God created man good[1] and in His image,[2] that is, in true righteousness and holiness,[3] so that he might rightly know God His Creator,[4] heartily love Him, and live with Him in eternal blessedness to praise and glorify Him.[5]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1.31", "osis": ["Gen.1.31"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1.26-Gen.1.27", "osis": ["Gen.1.26-Gen.1.27"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.4.24", "osis": ["Eph.4.24"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Col.3.10", "osis": ["Col.3.10"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.8", "osis": ["Ps.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "7", "sort_key": 7, "question": "From where, then, did man's depraved nature come?", "answer": "From the fall and disobedience of our first parents, Adam and Eve, in Paradise, for there our nature became so corrupt that we are all conceived and born in sin.", "answer_with_proofs": "From the fall and disobedience of our first parents, Adam and Eve, in Paradise,[1] for there our nature became so corrupt[2] that we are all conceived and born in sin.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.3", "osis": ["Gen.3"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.12,Rom.5.18-Rom.5.19", "osis": ["Rom.5.12", "Rom.5.18-Rom.5.19"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.51.5", "osis": ["Ps.51.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "8", "sort_key": 8, "question": "But are we so corrupt that we are totally unable to do any good and inclined to all evil?", "answer": "Yes, unless we are regenerated by the Spirit of God.", "answer_with_proofs": "Yes,[1] unless we are regenerated by the Spirit of God.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.6.5", "osis": ["Gen.6.5"]}, {"raw": "Gen.8.21", "osis": ["Gen.8.21"]}, {"raw": "Job.14.4", "osis": ["Job.14.4"]}, {"raw": "Isa.53.6", "osis": ["Isa.53.6"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "John.3.3-John.3.5", "osis": ["John.3.3-John.3.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "9", "sort_key": 9, "question": "Is God, then, not unjust by requiring in His law what man cannot do?", "answer": "No, for God so created man that he was able to do it. But man, at the instigation of the devil, in deliberate disobedience robbed himself and all his descendants of these gifts.", "answer_with_proofs": "No, for God so created man that he was able to do it.[1] But man, at the instigation of the devil,[2] in deliberate disobedience[3] robbed himself and all his descendants of these gifts.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1.31", "osis": ["Gen.1.31"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.3.13", "osis": ["Gen.3.13"]}, {"raw": "John.8.44", "osis": ["John.8.44"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.2.13-1Tim.2.14", "osis": ["1Tim.2.13-1Tim.2.14"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.3.6", "osis": ["Gen.3.6"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.12,Rom.5.18-Rom.5.19", "osis": ["Rom.5.12", "Rom.5.18-Rom.5.19"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "10", "sort_key": 10, "question": "Will God allow such disobedience and apostasy to go unpunished?", "answer": "Certainly not. He is terribly displeased with our original sin as well as our actual sins. Therefore He will punish them by a just judgment both now and eternally, as He has declared: Cursed be every one who does not abide by all things written in the book of the law, and do them (Galatians 3:10).", "answer_with_proofs": "Certainly not. He is terribly displeased with our original sin as well as our actual sins. Therefore He will punish them by a just judgment both now and eternally,[1] as He has declared:[2] Cursed be every one who does not abide by all things written in the book of the law, and do them (Galatians 3:10).", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.34.7", "osis": ["Exod.34.7"]}, {"raw": "Ps.5.4-Ps.5.6", "osis": ["Ps.5.4-Ps.5.6"]}, {"raw": "Ps.7.10", "osis": ["Ps.7.10"]}, {"raw": "Nah.1.2", "osis": ["Nah.1.2"]}, {"raw": "Rom.1.18", "osis": ["Rom.1.18"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.12", "osis": ["Rom.5.12"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.6", "osis": ["Eph.5.6"]}, {"raw": "Heb.9.27", "osis": ["Heb.9.27"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.27.26", "osis": ["Deut.27.26"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "11", "sort_key": 11, "question": "But is God not also merciful?", "answer": "God is indeed merciful, but He is also just. His justice requires that sin committed against the most high majesty of God also be punished with the most severe, that is, with everlasting, punishment of body and soul.", "answer_with_proofs": "God is indeed merciful,[1] but He is also just.[2] His justice requires that sin committed against the most high majesty of God also be punished with the most severe, that is, with everlasting, punishment of body and soul.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.6", "osis": ["Exod.20.6"]}, {"raw": "Exod.34.6-Exod.34.7", "osis": ["Exod.34.6-Exod.34.7"]}, {"raw": "Ps.103.8-Ps.103.9", "osis": ["Ps.103.8-Ps.103.9"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.5", "osis": ["Exod.20.5"]}, {"raw": "Exod.34.7", "osis": ["Exod.34.7"]}, {"raw": "Deut.7.9-Deut.7.11", "osis": ["Deut.7.9-Deut.7.11"]}, {"raw": "Ps.5.4-Ps.5.6", "osis": ["Ps.5.4-Ps.5.6"]}, {"raw": "Heb.10.30-Heb.10.31", "osis": ["Heb.10.30-Heb.10.31"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.25.45-Matt.25.46", "osis": ["Matt.25.45-Matt.25.46"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "12", "sort_key": 12, "question": "Since, according to God's righteous judgment we deserve temporal and eternal punishment, how can we escape this punishment and be again received into favour?", "answer": "God demands that His justice be satisfied. Therefore full payment must be made either by ourselves or by another.", "answer_with_proofs": "God demands that His justice be satisfied.[1] Therefore full payment must be made either by ourselves or by another.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.5", "osis": ["Exod.20.5"]}, {"raw": "Exod.23.7", "osis": ["Exod.23.7"]}, {"raw": "Rom.2.1-Rom.2.11", "osis": ["Rom.2.1-Rom.2.11"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.53.11", "osis": ["Isa.53.11"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.3-Rom.8.4", "osis": ["Rom.8.3-Rom.8.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "13", "sort_key": 13, "question": "Can we ourselves make this payment?", "answer": "Certainly not. On the contrary, we daily increase our debt.", "answer_with_proofs": "Certainly not. On the contrary, we daily increase our debt.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.130.3", "osis": ["Ps.130.3"]}, {"raw": "Matt.6.12", "osis": ["Matt.6.12"]}, {"raw": "Rom.2.4-Rom.2.5", "osis": ["Rom.2.4-Rom.2.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "14", "sort_key": 14, "question": "Can any mere creature pay for us?", "answer": "No. In the first place, God will not punish another creature for the sin which man has committed. Furthermore, no mere creature can sustain the burden of God's eternal wrath against sin and deliver others from it.", "answer_with_proofs": "No. In the first place, God will not punish another creature for the sin which man has committed.[1] Furthermore, no mere creature can sustain the burden of God's eternal wrath against sin and deliver others from it.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.18.4,Ezek.18.20", "osis": ["Ezek.18.4", "Ezek.18.20"]}, {"raw": "Heb.2.14-Heb.2.18", "osis": ["Heb.2.14-Heb.2.18"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.130.3", "osis": ["Ps.130.3"]}, {"raw": "Nah.1.6", "osis": ["Nah.1.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "15", "sort_key": 15, "question": "What kind of mediator and deliverer must we seek?", "answer": "One who is a true and righteous man, and yet more powerful than all creatures; that is, one who is at the same time true God.", "answer_with_proofs": "One who is a true[1] and righteous[2] man, and yet more powerful than all creatures; that is, one who is at the same time true God.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.21", "osis": ["1Cor.15.21"]}, {"raw": "Heb.2.17", "osis": ["Heb.2.17"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.53.9", "osis": ["Isa.53.9"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.5.21", "osis": ["2Cor.5.21"]}, {"raw": "Heb.7.26", "osis": ["Heb.7.26"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.7.14", "osis": ["Isa.7.14"]}, {"raw": "Isa.9.6", "osis": ["Isa.9.6"]}, {"raw": "Jer.23.6", "osis": ["Jer.23.6"]}, {"raw": "John.1.1", "osis": ["John.1.1"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.3-Rom.8.4", "osis": ["Rom.8.3-Rom.8.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "16", "sort_key": 16, "question": "Why must He be a true and righteous man?", "answer": "He must be a true man because the justice of God requires that the same human nature which has sinned should pay for sin. He must be a righteous man because one who himself is a sinner cannot pay for others.", "answer_with_proofs": "He must be a true man because the justice of God requires that the same human nature which has sinned should pay for sin.[1] He must be a righteous man because one who himself is a sinner cannot pay for others.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.12,Rom.5.15", "osis": ["Rom.5.12", "Rom.5.15"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.15.21", "osis": ["1Cor.15.21"]}, {"raw": "Heb.2.14-Heb.2.16", "osis": ["Heb.2.14-Heb.2.16"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.7.26-Heb.7.27", "osis": ["Heb.7.26-Heb.7.27"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.3.18", "osis": ["1Pet.3.18"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "17", "sort_key": 17, "question": "Why must He at the same time be true God?", "answer": "He must be true God so that by the power of His divine nature He might bear in His human nature the burden of God's wrath, and might obtain for us and restore to us righteousness and life.", "answer_with_proofs": "He must be true God so that by the power of His divine nature[1] He might bear in His human nature the burden of God's wrath,[2] and might obtain for us and restore to us righteousness and life.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.9.5", "osis": ["Isa.9.5"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.4.24", "osis": ["Deut.4.24"]}, {"raw": "Nah.1.6", "osis": ["Nah.1.6"]}, {"raw": "Ps.130.3", "osis": ["Ps.130.3"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.53.5,Isa.53.11", "osis": ["Isa.53.5", "Isa.53.11"]}, {"raw": "John.3.16", "osis": ["John.3.16"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.5.21", "osis": ["2Cor.5.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "18", "sort_key": 18, "question": "But who is that Mediator who at the same time is true God and a true and righteous man?", "answer": "Our Lord Jesus Christ, whom God made our wisdom, our righteousness and sanctification and redemption (I Corinthians 1:30).", "answer_with_proofs": "Our Lord Jesus Christ,[1] whom God made our wisdom, our righteousness and sanctification and redemption (I Corinthians 1:30).", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.1.21-Matt.1.23", "osis": ["Matt.1.21-Matt.1.23"]}, {"raw": "Luke.2.11", "osis": ["Luke.2.11"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.2.5", "osis": ["1Tim.2.5"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.3.16", "osis": ["1Tim.3.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "19", "sort_key": 19, "question": "From where do you know this?", "answer": "From the holy gospel, which God Himself first revealed in Paradise. Later, He had it proclaimed by the patriarchs and prophets, and foreshadowed by the sacrifices and other ceremonies of the law. Finally, He had it fulfilled through His only Son.", "answer_with_proofs": "From the holy gospel, which God Himself first revealed in Paradise.[1] Later, He had it proclaimed by the patriarchs[2] and prophets,[3] and foreshadowed by the sacrifices and other ceremonies of the law.[4] Finally, He had it fulfilled through His only Son.[5]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.3.15", "osis": ["Gen.3.15"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.12.3", "osis": ["Gen.12.3"]}, {"raw": "Gen.22.18", "osis": ["Gen.22.18"]}, {"raw": "Gen.49.10", "osis": ["Gen.49.10"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.53", "osis": ["Isa.53"]}, {"raw": "Jer.23.5-Jer.23.6", "osis": ["Jer.23.5-Jer.23.6"]}, {"raw": "Mic.7.18-Mic.7.20", "osis": ["Mic.7.18-Mic.7.20"]}, {"raw": "Acts.10.43", "osis": ["Acts.10.43"]}, {"raw": "Heb.1.1", "osis": ["Heb.1.1"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.1.7", "osis": ["Lev.1.7"]}, {"raw": "John.5.46", "osis": ["John.5.46"]}, {"raw": "Heb.10.1-Heb.10.10", "osis": ["Heb.10.1-Heb.10.10"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.10.4", "osis": ["Rom.10.4"]}, {"raw": "Gal.4.4-Gal.4.5", "osis": ["Gal.4.4-Gal.4.5"]}, {"raw": "Col.2.17", "osis": ["Col.2.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "20", "sort_key": 20, "question": "Are all men, then, saved by Christ just as they perished through Adam?", "answer": "No. Only those are saved who by a true faith are grafted into Christ and accept all His benefits.", "answer_with_proofs": "No. Only those are saved who by a true faith are grafted into Christ and accept all His benefits.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.7.14", "osis": ["Matt.7.14"]}, {"raw": "John.1.12", "osis": ["John.1.12"]}, {"raw": "John.3.16,John.3.18,John.3.36", "osis": ["John.3.16", "John.3.18", "John.3.36"]}, {"raw": "Rom.11.16-Rom.11.21", "osis": ["Rom.11.16-Rom.11.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "21", "sort_key": 21, "question": "What is true faith?", "answer": "True faith is a sure knowledge whereby I accept as true all that God has revealed to us in His Word. At the same time it is a firm confidence that not only to others, but also to me, God has granted forgiveness of sins, everlasting righteousness, and salvation, out of mere grace, only for the sake of Christ's merits. This faith the Holy Spirit works in my heart by the gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": "True faith is a sure knowledge whereby I accept as true all that God has revealed to us in His Word.[1] At the same time it is a firm confidence[2] that not only to others, but also to me,[3] God has granted forgiveness of sins, everlasting righteousness, and salvation,[4] out of mere grace, only for the sake of Christ's merits.[5] This faith the Holy Spirit works in my heart by the gospel.[6]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.17.3,John.17.17", "osis": ["John.17.3", "John.17.17"]}, {"raw": "Heb.11.1-Heb.11.3", "osis": ["Heb.11.1-Heb.11.3"]}, {"raw": "Jas.2.19", "osis": ["Jas.2.19"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.4.18-Rom.4.21", "osis": ["Rom.4.18-Rom.4.21"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.1", "osis": ["Rom.5.1"]}, {"raw": "Rom.10.10", "osis": ["Rom.10.10"]}, {"raw": "Heb.4.16", "osis": ["Heb.4.16"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.2.20", "osis": ["Gal.2.20"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.17", "osis": ["Rom.1.17"]}, {"raw": "Heb.10.10", "osis": ["Heb.10.10"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.20-Rom.3.26", "osis": ["Rom.3.20-Rom.3.26"]}, {"raw": "Gal.2.16", "osis": ["Gal.2.16"]}, {"raw": "Eph.2.8-Eph.2.10", "osis": ["Eph.2.8-Eph.2.10"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.16.14", "osis": ["Acts.16.14"]}, {"raw": "Rom.1.16", "osis": ["Rom.1.16"]}, {"raw": "Rom.10.17", "osis": ["Rom.10.17"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.1.21", "osis": ["1Cor.1.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "22", "sort_key": 22, "question": "What, then, must a Christian believe?", "answer": "All that is promised us in the Gospel, which the articles of our catholic and undoubted Christian faith teach us in a summary.", "answer_with_proofs": "All that is promised us in the Gospel,[1] which the articles of our catholic and undoubted Christian faith teach us in a summary.", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}, {"raw": "John.20.30-John.20.31", "osis": ["John.20.30-John.20.31"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "23", "sort_key": 23, "question": "What are these articles?", "answer": "III.1.I believe in God the Father almighty, III.1. Creator of heaven and earth. III.2.I believe in Jesus Christ, III.2.His only begotten Son, our Lord; III.3.He was conceived by the Holy Spirit, III.3.born of the virgin Mary; III.4.suffered under Pontius Pilate, III.4.was crucified, dead, and buried; III.4.He descended into hell; III.5.On the third day He arose from the dead; III.6.He ascended into heaven, III.6.and sits at the right hand III.6.of God the Father almighty; III.7.from there He will come to judge III.7.the living and the dead. III.8.I believe in the Holy Spirit; III.9.I believe a holy catholic Christian church, III.9.the communion of saints; III.10.the forgiveness of sins; III.11.the resurrection of the body; III.12.and the life everlasting.", "answer_with_proofs": "III.1.I believe in God the Father almighty, III.1. Creator of heaven and earth. III.2.I believe in Jesus Christ, III.2.His only begotten Son, our Lord; III.3.He was conceived by the Holy Spirit, III.3.born of the virgin Mary; III.4.suffered under Pontius Pilate, III.4.was crucified, dead, and buried; III.4.He descended into hell; III.5.On the third day He arose from the dead; III.6.He ascended into heaven, III.6.and sits at the right hand III.6.of God the Father almighty; III.7.from there He will come to judge III.7.the living and the dead. III.8.I believe in the Holy Spirit; III.9.I believe a holy catholic Christian church, III.9.the communion of saints; III.10.the forgiveness of sins; III.11.the resurrection of the body; III.12.and the life everlasting.", "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "24", "sort_key": 24, "question": "How are these articles divided?", "answer": "Into three parts: the first is about God the Father and our creation; the second about God the Son and our redemption; the third about God the Holy Spirit and our sanctification.", "answer_with_proofs": "Into three parts: the first is about God the Father and our creation; the second about God the Son and our redemption; the third about God the Holy Spirit and our sanctification.", "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "25", "sort_key": 25, "question": "Since there is only one God, why do you speak of three persons, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit?", "answer": "Because God has so revealed Himself in His Word that these three distinct persons are the one, true, eternal God.", "answer_with_proofs": "Because God has so revealed Himself in His Word[2] that these three distinct persons are the one, true, eternal God.", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.6.4", "osis": ["Deut.6.4"]}, {"raw": "Isa.44.6", "osis": ["Isa.44.6"]}, {"raw": "Isa.45.5", "osis": ["Isa.45.5"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.8.4,1Cor.8.6", "osis": ["1Cor.8.4", "1Cor.8.6"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1.2-Gen.1.3", "osis": ["Gen.1.2-Gen.1.3"]}, {"raw": "Isa.61.1", "osis": ["Isa.61.1"]}, {"raw": "Isa.63.8-Isa.63.10", "osis": ["Isa.63.8-Isa.63.10"]}, {"raw": "Matt.3.16-Matt.3.17", "osis": ["Matt.3.16-Matt.3.17"]}, {"raw": "Matt.28.18-Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.18-Matt.28.19"]}, {"raw": "Luke.4.18", "osis": ["Luke.4.18"]}, {"raw": "John.14.26", "osis": ["John.14.26"]}, {"raw": "John.15.26", "osis": ["John.15.26"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.13.14", "osis": ["2Cor.13.14"]}, {"raw": "Gal.4.6", "osis": ["Gal.4.6"]}, {"raw": "Titus.3.5-Titus.3.6", "osis": ["Titus.3.5-Titus.3.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "26", "sort_key": 26, "question": "What do you believe when you say: I believe in God the Father almighty, Creator of heaven and earth?", "answer": "That the eternal Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who out of nothing created heaven and earth and all that is in them, and who still upholds and governs them by His eternal counsel and providence, is, for the sake of Christ His Son, my God and my Father. In Him I trust so completely as to have no doubt that He will provide me with all things necessary for body and soul, and will also turn to my good whatever adversity He sends me in this life of sorrow. He is able to do so as almighty God, and willing also as a faithful Father.", "answer_with_proofs": "That the eternal Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who out of nothing created heaven and earth and all that is in them,[1] and who still upholds and governs them by His eternal counsel and providence,[2] is, for the sake of Christ His Son, my God and my Father.[3] In Him I trust so completely as to have no doubt that He will provide me with all things necessary for body and soul,[4] and will also turn to my good whatever adversity He sends me in this life of sorrow.[5] He is able to do so as almighty God,[6] and willing also as a faithful Father.[7]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1-Gen.2", "osis": ["Gen.1-Gen.2"]}, {"raw": "Exod.20.11", "osis": ["Exod.20.11"]}, {"raw": "Job.38-Job.39", "osis": ["Job.38-Job.39"]}, {"raw": "Ps.33.6", "osis": ["Ps.33.6"]}, {"raw": "Isa.44.24", "osis": ["Isa.44.24"]}, {"raw": "Acts.4.24", "osis": ["Acts.4.24"]}, {"raw": "Acts.14.15", "osis": ["Acts.14.15"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.104.27-Ps.104.30", "osis": ["Ps.104.27-Ps.104.30"]}, {"raw": "Matt.6.30", "osis": ["Matt.6.30"]}, {"raw": "Matt.10.29", "osis": ["Matt.10.29"]}, {"raw": "Eph.1.11", "osis": ["Eph.1.11"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.12-John.1.13", "osis": ["John.1.12-John.1.13"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.15-Rom.8.16", "osis": ["Rom.8.15-Rom.8.16"]}, {"raw": "Gal.4.4-Gal.4.7", "osis": ["Gal.4.4-Gal.4.7"]}, {"raw": "Eph.1.5", "osis": ["Eph.1.5"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.55.22", "osis": ["Ps.55.22"]}, {"raw": "Matt.6.25-Matt.6.26", "osis": ["Matt.6.25-Matt.6.26"]}, {"raw": "Luke.12.22-Luke.12.31", "osis": ["Luke.12.22-Luke.12.31"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.28", "osis": ["Rom.8.28"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.18.14", "osis": ["Gen.18.14"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.31-Rom.8.39", "osis": ["Rom.8.31-Rom.8.39"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.32-Matt.6.33", "osis": ["Matt.6.32-Matt.6.33"]}, {"raw": "Matt.7.9-Matt.7.11", "osis": ["Matt.7.9-Matt.7.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "27", "sort_key": 27, "question": "What do you understand by the providence of God?", "answer": "God's providence is His almighty and ever present power, whereby, as with His hand, He still upholds heaven and earth and all creatures, and so governs them that leaf and blade, rain and drought, fruitful and barren years, food and drink, health and sickness, riches and poverty, indeed, all things, come not by chance but by His fatherly hand.", "answer_with_proofs": "God's providence is His almighty and ever present power,[1] whereby, as with His hand, He still upholds heaven and earth and all creatures,[2] and so governs them that leaf and blade, rain and drought, fruitful and barren years, food and drink, health and sickness, riches and poverty,[3] indeed, all things, come not by chance[4] but by His fatherly hand.[5]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.23.23-Jer.23.24", "osis": ["Jer.23.23-Jer.23.24"]}, {"raw": "Acts.17.24-Acts.17.28", "osis": ["Acts.17.24-Acts.17.28"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.1.3", "osis": ["Heb.1.3"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.5.24", "osis": ["Jer.5.24"]}, {"raw": "Acts.14.15-Acts.14.17", "osis": ["Acts.14.15-Acts.14.17"]}, {"raw": "John.9.3", "osis": ["John.9.3"]}, {"raw": "Prov.22.2", "osis": ["Prov.22.2"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.16.33", "osis": ["Prov.16.33"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.10.29", "osis": ["Matt.10.29"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "28", "sort_key": 28, "question": "What does it benefit us to know that God has created all things and still upholds them by His providence?", "answer": "We can be patient in adversity, thankful in prosperity, and with a view to the future we can have a firm confidence in our faithful God and Father that no creature shall separate us from His love; for all creatures are so completely in His hand that without His will they cannot so much as move.", "answer_with_proofs": "We can be patient in adversity,[1] thankful in prosperity,[2] and with a view to the future we can have a firm confidence in our faithful God and Father that no creature shall separate us from His love;[3] for all creatures are so completely in His hand that without His will they cannot so much as move.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Job.1.21-Job.1.22", "osis": ["Job.1.21-Job.1.22"]}, {"raw": "Ps.39.10", "osis": ["Ps.39.10"]}, {"raw": "Jas.1.3", "osis": ["Jas.1.3"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.8.10", "osis": ["Deut.8.10"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.5.18", "osis": ["1Thess.5.18"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.55.22", "osis": ["Ps.55.22"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.3-Rom.5.5", "osis": ["Rom.5.3-Rom.5.5"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.38-Rom.8.39", "osis": ["Rom.8.38-Rom.8.39"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Job.1.12", "osis": ["Job.1.12"]}, {"raw": "Job.2.6", "osis": ["Job.2.6"]}, {"raw": "Prov.21.1", "osis": ["Prov.21.1"]}, {"raw": "Acts.17.24-Acts.17.28", "osis": ["Acts.17.24-Acts.17.28"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "29", "sort_key": 29, "question": "Why is the Son of God called Jesus, that is, Saviour?", "answer": "Because He saves us from all our sins, and because salvation is not to be sought or found in anyone else.", "answer_with_proofs": "Because He saves us from all our sins,[1] and because salvation is not to be sought or found in anyone else.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.1.21", "osis": ["Matt.1.21"]}, {"raw": "Heb.7.25", "osis": ["Heb.7.25"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.43.11", "osis": ["Isa.43.11"]}, {"raw": "John.15.4-John.15.5", "osis": ["John.15.4-John.15.5"]}, {"raw": "Acts.4.11-Acts.4.12", "osis": ["Acts.4.11-Acts.4.12"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.2.5", "osis": ["1Tim.2.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "30", "sort_key": 30, "question": "Do those believe in the only Saviour Jesus who seek their salvation and well-being from saints, in themselves, or anywhere else?", "answer": "No. Though they boast of Him in words, they in fact deny the only Saviour Jesus. For one of two things must be true: either Jesus is not a complete Saviour, or those who by true faith accept this Saviour must find in Him all that is necessary for their salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "No. Though they boast of Him in words, they in fact deny the only Saviour Jesus.[1] For one of two things must be true: either Jesus is not a complete Saviour, or those who by true faith accept this Saviour must find in Him all that is necessary for their salvation.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.1.12-1Cor.1.13", "osis": ["1Cor.1.12-1Cor.1.13"]}, {"raw": "Gal.5.4", "osis": ["Gal.5.4"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Col.1.19-Col.1.20", "osis": ["Col.1.19-Col.1.20"]}, {"raw": "Col.2.10", "osis": ["Col.2.10"]}, {"raw": "1John.1.7", "osis": ["1John.1.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "31", "sort_key": 31, "question": "Why is He called Christ, that is, Anointed?", "answer": "Because He has been ordained by God the Father, and anointed with the Holy Spirit, to be our chief Prophet and Teacher, who has fully revealed to us the secret counsel and will of God concerning our redemption; our only High Priest, who by the one sacrifice of His body has redeemed us, and who continually intercedes for us before the Father; and our eternal King, who governs us by His Word and Spirit, and who defends and preserves us in the redemption obtained for us.", "answer_with_proofs": "Because He has been ordained by God the Father, and anointed with the Holy Spirit,[1] to be our chief Prophet and Teacher,[2] who has fully revealed to us the secret counsel and will of God concerning our redemption;[3] our only High Priest,[4] who by the one sacrifice of His body has redeemed us,[5] and who continually intercedes for us before the Father;[6] and our eternal King,[7] who governs us by His Word and Spirit, and who defends and preserves us in the redemption obtained for us.[8]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.45.7", "osis": ["Ps.45.7"]}, {"raw": "Heb.1.9", "osis": ["Heb.1.9"]}, {"raw": "Isa.61.1", "osis": ["Isa.61.1"]}, {"raw": "Luke.4.18", "osis": ["Luke.4.18"]}, {"raw": "Luke.3.21-Luke.3.22", "osis": ["Luke.3.21-Luke.3.22"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.18.15", "osis": ["Deut.18.15"]}, {"raw": "Acts.3.22", "osis": ["Acts.3.22"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.18", "osis": ["John.1.18"]}, {"raw": "John.15.15", "osis": ["John.15.15"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.110.4", "osis": ["Ps.110.4"]}, {"raw": "Heb.7.17", "osis": ["Heb.7.17"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.9.12", "osis": ["Heb.9.12"]}, {"raw": "Heb.10.11-Heb.10.14", "osis": ["Heb.10.11-Heb.10.14"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.34", "osis": ["Rom.8.34"]}, {"raw": "Heb.9.24", "osis": ["Heb.9.24"]}, {"raw": "1John.2.1", "osis": ["1John.2.1"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Zech.9.9", "osis": ["Zech.9.9"]}, {"raw": "Matt.21.5", "osis": ["Matt.21.5"]}, {"raw": "Luke.1.33", "osis": ["Luke.1.33"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.18-Matt.28.20", "osis": ["Matt.28.18-Matt.28.20"]}, {"raw": "John.10.28", "osis": ["John.10.28"]}, {"raw": "Rev.12.10-Rev.12.11", "osis": ["Rev.12.10-Rev.12.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "32", "sort_key": 32, "question": "Why are you called a Christian?", "answer": "Because I am a member of Christ by faith and thus share in His anointing, so that I may as prophet confess His Name, as priest present myself a living sacrifice of thankfulness to Him, and as king fight with a free and good conscience against sin and the devil in this life, and hereafter reign with Him eternally over all creatures.", "answer_with_proofs": "Because I am a member of Christ by faith[1] and thus share in His anointing,[2] so that I may as prophet confess His Name,[3] as priest present myself a living sacrifice of thankfulness to Him,[4] and as king fight with a free and good conscience against sin and the devil in this life,[5] and hereafter reign with Him eternally over all creatures.[6]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.12.12-1Cor.12.27", "osis": ["1Cor.12.12-1Cor.12.27"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Joel.2.28", "osis": ["Joel.2.28"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.17", "osis": ["Acts.2.17"]}, {"raw": "1John.2.27", "osis": ["1John.2.27"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.10.32", "osis": ["Matt.10.32"]}, {"raw": "Rom.10.9-Rom.10.10", "osis": ["Rom.10.9-Rom.10.10"]}, {"raw": "Heb.13.15", "osis": ["Heb.13.15"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.12.1", "osis": ["Rom.12.1"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.2.5,1Pet.2.9", "osis": ["1Pet.2.5", "1Pet.2.9"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.5.16-Gal.5.17", "osis": ["Gal.5.16-Gal.5.17"]}, {"raw": "Eph.6.11", "osis": ["Eph.6.11"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.1.18-1Tim.1.19", "osis": ["1Tim.1.18-1Tim.1.19"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.25.34", "osis": ["Matt.25.34"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.2.12", "osis": ["2Tim.2.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "33", "sort_key": 33, "question": "Why is He called God's only begotten Son, since we also are children of God?", "answer": "Because Christ alone is the eternal, natural Son of God. We, however, are children of God by adoption, through grace, for Christ's sake.", "answer_with_proofs": "Because Christ alone is the eternal, natural Son of God.[1] We, however, are children of God by adoption, through grace, for Christ's sake.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.1-John.1.3,John.1.14,John.1.18", "osis": ["John.1.1-John.1.3", "John.1.14", "John.1.18"]}, {"raw": "John.3.16", "osis": ["John.3.16"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.32", "osis": ["Rom.8.32"]}, {"raw": "Heb.1", "osis": ["Heb.1"]}, {"raw": "1John.4.9", "osis": ["1John.4.9"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.12", "osis": ["John.1.12"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.14-Rom.8.17", "osis": ["Rom.8.14-Rom.8.17"]}, {"raw": "Gal.4.6", "osis": ["Gal.4.6"]}, {"raw": "Eph.1.5-Eph.1.6", "osis": ["Eph.1.5-Eph.1.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "34", "sort_key": 34, "question": "Why do you call Him our Lord?", "answer": "Because He has ransomed us, body and soul, from all our sins, not with silver or gold but with His precious blood, and has freed us from all the power of the devil to make us His own possession.", "answer_with_proofs": "Because He has ransomed us, body and soul,[1] from all our sins, not with silver or gold but with His precious blood,[2] and has freed us from all the power of the devil to make us His own possession.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.6.20", "osis": ["1Cor.6.20"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.2.5-1Tim.2.6", "osis": ["1Tim.2.5-1Tim.2.6"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.1.18-1Pet.1.19", "osis": ["1Pet.1.18-1Pet.1.19"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Col.1.13-Col.1.14", "osis": ["Col.1.13-Col.1.14"]}, {"raw": "Heb.2.14-Heb.2.15", "osis": ["Heb.2.14-Heb.2.15"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "35", "sort_key": 35, "question": "What do you confess when you say: He was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the virgin Mary?", "answer": "The eternal Son of God, who is and remains true and eternal God, took upon Himself true human nature from the flesh and blood of the virgin Mary, through the working of the Holy Spirit. Thus He is also the true seed of David, and like His brothers in every respect, yet without sin.", "answer_with_proofs": "The eternal Son of God, who is and remains true and eternal God,[1] took upon Himself true human nature from the flesh and blood of the virgin Mary,[2] through the working of the Holy Spirit.[3] Thus He is also the true seed of David,[4] and like His brothers in every respect,[5] yet without sin.[6]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.1", "osis": ["John.1.1"]}, {"raw": "John.10.30-John.10.36", "osis": ["John.10.30-John.10.36"]}, {"raw": "Rom.1.3", "osis": ["Rom.1.3"]}, {"raw": "Rom.9.5", "osis": ["Rom.9.5"]}, {"raw": "Col.1.15-Col.1.17", "osis": ["Col.1.15-Col.1.17"]}, {"raw": "1John.5.20", "osis": ["1John.5.20"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.1.18-Matt.1.23", "osis": ["Matt.1.18-Matt.1.23"]}, {"raw": "John.1.14", "osis": ["John.1.14"]}, {"raw": "Gal.4.4", "osis": ["Gal.4.4"]}, {"raw": "Heb.2.14", "osis": ["Heb.2.14"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.1.35", "osis": ["Luke.1.35"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "2Sam.7.12-2Sam.7.16", "osis": ["2Sam.7.12-2Sam.7.16"]}, {"raw": "Ps.132.11", "osis": ["Ps.132.11"]}, {"raw": "Matt.1.1", "osis": ["Matt.1.1"]}, {"raw": "Luke.1.32", "osis": ["Luke.1.32"]}, {"raw": "Rom.1.3", "osis": ["Rom.1.3"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.2.7", "osis": ["Phil.2.7"]}, {"raw": "Heb.2.17", "osis": ["Heb.2.17"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.4.15", "osis": ["Heb.4.15"]}, {"raw": "Heb.7.26-Heb.7.27", "osis": ["Heb.7.26-Heb.7.27"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "36", "sort_key": 36, "question": "What benefit do you receive from the holy conception and birth of Christ?", "answer": "He is our Mediator, and with His innocence and perfect holiness covers, in the sight of God, my sin, in which I was conceived and born.", "answer_with_proofs": "He is our Mediator,[1] and with His innocence and perfect holiness covers, in the sight of God, my sin, in which I was conceived and born.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.2.5-1Tim.2.6", "osis": ["1Tim.2.5-1Tim.2.6"]}, {"raw": "Heb.9.13-Heb.9.15", "osis": ["Heb.9.13-Heb.9.15"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.3-Rom.8.4", "osis": ["Rom.8.3-Rom.8.4"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.5.21", "osis": ["2Cor.5.21"]}, {"raw": "Gal.4.4-Gal.4.5", "osis": ["Gal.4.4-Gal.4.5"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.1.18-1Pet.1.19", "osis": ["1Pet.1.18-1Pet.1.19"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "37", "sort_key": 37, "question": "What do you confess when you say that He suffered?", "answer": "During all the time He lived on earth, but especially at the end, Christ bore in body and soul the wrath of God against the sin of the whole human race. Thus, by His suffering, as the only atoning sacrifice, He has redeemed our body and soul from everlasting damnation, and obtained for us the grace of God, righteousness, and eternal life.", "answer_with_proofs": "During all the time He lived on earth, but especially at the end, Christ bore in body and soul the wrath of God against the sin of the whole human race.[1] Thus, by His suffering, as the only atoning sacrifice,[2] He has redeemed our body and soul from everlasting damnation,[3] and obtained for us the grace of God, righteousness, and eternal life.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.53", "osis": ["Isa.53"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.2.6", "osis": ["1Tim.2.6"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.2.24", "osis": ["1Pet.2.24"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.3.18", "osis": ["1Pet.3.18"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.25", "osis": ["Rom.3.25"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.5.7", "osis": ["1Cor.5.7"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.2", "osis": ["Eph.5.2"]}, {"raw": "Heb.10.14", "osis": ["Heb.10.14"]}, {"raw": "1John.2.2", "osis": ["1John.2.2"]}, {"raw": "1John.4.10", "osis": ["1John.4.10"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.1-Rom.8.4", "osis": ["Rom.8.1-Rom.8.4"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.13", "osis": ["Gal.3.13"]}, {"raw": "Col.1.13", "osis": ["Col.1.13"]}, {"raw": "Heb.9.12", "osis": ["Heb.9.12"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.1.18-1Pet.1.19", "osis": ["1Pet.1.18-1Pet.1.19"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "John.3.16", "osis": ["John.3.16"]}, {"raw": "Rom.3.24-Rom.3.26", "osis": ["Rom.3.24-Rom.3.26"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.5.21", "osis": ["2Cor.5.21"]}, {"raw": "Heb.9.15", "osis": ["Heb.9.15"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "38", "sort_key": 38, "question": "Why did He suffer under Pontius Pilate as judge?", "answer": "Though innocent, Christ was condemned by an earthly judge, and so He freed us from the severe judgment of God that was to fall on us.", "answer_with_proofs": "Though innocent, Christ was condemned by an earthly judge,[1] and so He freed us from the severe judgment of God that was to fall on us.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.23.13-Luke.23.24", "osis": ["Luke.23.13-Luke.23.24"]}, {"raw": "John.19.4,John.19.12-John.19.16", "osis": ["John.19.4", "John.19.12-John.19.16"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.53.4-Isa.53.5", "osis": ["Isa.53.4-Isa.53.5"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.5.21", "osis": ["2Cor.5.21"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.13", "osis": ["Gal.3.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "39", "sort_key": 39, "question": "Does it have a special meaning that Christ was crucified and did not die in a different way?", "answer": "Yes. Thereby I am assured that He took upon Himself the curse which lay on me, for a crucified one was cursed by God.", "answer_with_proofs": "Yes. Thereby I am assured that He took upon Himself the curse which lay on me, for a crucified one was cursed by God.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.21.23", "osis": ["Deut.21.23"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.13", "osis": ["Gal.3.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "40", "sort_key": 40, "question": "Why was it necessary for Christ to humble Himself even unto death?", "answer": "Because of the justice and truth of God satisfaction for our sins could be made in no other way than by the death of the Son of God.", "answer_with_proofs": "Because of the justice and truth of God[1] satisfaction for our sins could be made in no other way than by the death of the Son of God.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.2.17", "osis": ["Gen.2.17"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.3", "osis": ["Rom.8.3"]}, {"raw": "Phil.2.8", "osis": ["Phil.2.8"]}, {"raw": "Heb.2.9,Heb.2.14-Heb.2.15", "osis": ["Heb.2.9", "Heb.2.14-Heb.2.15"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "41", "sort_key": 41, "question": "Why was he buried?", "answer": "His burial testified that He had really died.", "answer_with_proofs": "His burial testified that He had really died.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.53.9", "osis": ["Isa.53.9"]}, {"raw": "John.19.38-John.19.42", "osis": ["John.19.38-John.19.42"]}, {"raw": "Acts.13.29", "osis": ["Acts.13.29"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.15.3-1Cor.15.4", "osis": ["1Cor.15.3-1Cor.15.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "42", "sort_key": 42, "question": "Since Christ has died for us, why do we still have to die?", "answer": "Our death is not a payment for our sins, but it puts an end to sin and is an entrance into eternal life.", "answer_with_proofs": "Our death is not a payment for our sins, but it puts an end to sin and is an entrance into eternal life.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.5.24", "osis": ["John.5.24"]}, {"raw": "Phil.1.21-Phil.1.23", "osis": ["Phil.1.21-Phil.1.23"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.5.9-1Thess.5.10", "osis": ["1Thess.5.9-1Thess.5.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "43", "sort_key": 43, "question": "What further benefit do we receive from Christ's sacrifice and death on the cross?", "answer": "Through Christ's death our old nature is crucified, put to death, and buried with Him, so that the evil desires of the flesh may no longer reign in us, but that we may offer ourselves to Him as a sacrifice of thankfulness.", "answer_with_proofs": "Through Christ's death our old nature is crucified, put to death, and buried with Him,[1] so that the evil desires of the flesh may no longer reign in us,[2] but that we may offer ourselves to Him as a sacrifice of thankfulness.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.5-Rom.6.11", "osis": ["Rom.6.5-Rom.6.11"]}, {"raw": "Col.2.11-Col.2.12", "osis": ["Col.2.11-Col.2.12"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.12-Rom.6.14", "osis": ["Rom.6.12-Rom.6.14"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.12.1", "osis": ["Rom.12.1"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.1-Eph.5.2", "osis": ["Eph.5.1-Eph.5.2"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "44", "sort_key": 44, "question": "Why is there added: He descended into hell?", "answer": "In my greatest sorrows and temptations I may be assured and comforted that my Lord Jesus Christ, by His unspeakable anguish, pain, terror, and agony, which He endured throughout all His sufferings but especially on the cross, has delivered me from the anguish and torment of hell.", "answer_with_proofs": "In my greatest sorrows and temptations I may be assured and comforted that my Lord Jesus Christ, by His unspeakable anguish, pain, terror, and agony, which He endured throughout all His sufferings[1] but especially on the cross, has delivered me from the anguish and torment of hell.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.18.5-Ps.18.6", "osis": ["Ps.18.5-Ps.18.6"]}, {"raw": "Ps.116.3", "osis": ["Ps.116.3"]}, {"raw": "Matt.26.36-Matt.26.46", "osis": ["Matt.26.36-Matt.26.46"]}, {"raw": "Matt.27.45-Matt.27.46", "osis": ["Matt.27.45-Matt.27.46"]}, {"raw": "Heb.5.7-Heb.5.10", "osis": ["Heb.5.7-Heb.5.10"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.53", "osis": ["Isa.53"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "45", "sort_key": 45, "question": "How does Christ's resurrection benefit us?", "answer": "First, by His resurrection He has overcome death, so that He could make us share in the righteousness which He had obtained for us by His death. Second, by His power we too are raised up to a new life. Third, Christ's resurrection is to us a sure pledge of our glorious resurrection.", "answer_with_proofs": "First, by His resurrection He has overcome death, so that He could make us share in the righteousness which He had obtained for us by His death.[1] Second, by His power we too are raised up to a new life.[2] Third, Christ's resurrection is to us a sure pledge of our glorious resurrection.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.4.25", "osis": ["Rom.4.25"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.15.16-1Cor.15.20", "osis": ["1Cor.15.16-1Cor.15.20"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.1.3-1Pet.1.5", "osis": ["1Pet.1.3-1Pet.1.5"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.5-Rom.6.11", "osis": ["Rom.6.5-Rom.6.11"]}, {"raw": "Eph.2.4-Eph.2.6", "osis": ["Eph.2.4-Eph.2.6"]}, {"raw": "Col.3.1-Col.3.4", "osis": ["Col.3.1-Col.3.4"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.11", "osis": ["Rom.8.11"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.15.12-1Cor.15.23", "osis": ["1Cor.15.12-1Cor.15.23"]}, {"raw": "Phil.3.20-Phil.3.21", "osis": ["Phil.3.20-Phil.3.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "46", "sort_key": 46, "question": "What do you confess when you say, He ascended into heaven?", "answer": "That Christ, before the eyes of His disciples, was taken up from the earth into heaven, and that He is there for our benefit until He comes again to judge the living and the dead.", "answer_with_proofs": "That Christ, before the eyes of His disciples, was taken up from the earth into heaven,[1] and that He is there for our benefit[2] until He comes again to judge the living and the dead.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Mark.16.19", "osis": ["Mark.16.19"]}, {"raw": "Luke.24.50-Luke.24.51", "osis": ["Luke.24.50-Luke.24.51"]}, {"raw": "Acts.1.9-Acts.1.11", "osis": ["Acts.1.9-Acts.1.11"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.34", "osis": ["Rom.8.34"]}, {"raw": "Heb.4.14", "osis": ["Heb.4.14"]}, {"raw": "Heb.7.23-Heb.7.25", "osis": ["Heb.7.23-Heb.7.25"]}, {"raw": "Heb.9.24", "osis": ["Heb.9.24"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.24.30", "osis": ["Matt.24.30"]}, {"raw": "Acts.1.11", "osis": ["Acts.1.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "47", "sort_key": 47, "question": "Is Christ, then, not with us until the end of the world, as He has promised us?", "answer": "Christ is true man and true God. With respect to His human nature He is no longer on earth, but with respect to His divinity, majesty, grace, and Spirit He is never absent from us.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ is true man and true God. With respect to His human nature He is no longer on earth,[2] but with respect to His divinity, majesty, grace, and Spirit He is never absent from us.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.20", "osis": ["Matt.28.20"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.26.11", "osis": ["Matt.26.11"]}, {"raw": "John.16.28", "osis": ["John.16.28"]}, {"raw": "John.17.11", "osis": ["John.17.11"]}, {"raw": "Acts.3.19-Acts.3.21", "osis": ["Acts.3.19-Acts.3.21"]}, {"raw": "Heb.8.4", "osis": ["Heb.8.4"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.18-Matt.28.20", "osis": ["Matt.28.18-Matt.28.20"]}, {"raw": "John.14.16-John.14.19", "osis": ["John.14.16-John.14.19"]}, {"raw": "John.16.13", "osis": ["John.16.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "48", "sort_key": 48, "question": "But are the two natures in Christ not separated from each other if His human nature is not present wherever His divinity is?", "answer": "Not at all, for His divinity has no limits and is present everywhere. So it must follow that His divinity is indeed beyond the human nature which He has taken on and nevertheless is within this human nature and remains personally united with it.", "answer_with_proofs": "Not at all, for His divinity has no limits and is present everywhere.[1] So it must follow that His divinity is indeed beyond the human nature which He has taken on and nevertheless is within this human nature and remains personally united with it.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.23.23-Jer.23.24", "osis": ["Jer.23.23-Jer.23.24"]}, {"raw": "Acts.7.48-Acts.7.49", "osis": ["Acts.7.48-Acts.7.49"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.14", "osis": ["John.1.14"]}, {"raw": "John.3.13", "osis": ["John.3.13"]}, {"raw": "Col.2.9", "osis": ["Col.2.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "49", "sort_key": 49, "question": "How does Christ's ascension into heaven benefit us?", "answer": "First, He is our Advocate in heaven before His Father. Second, we have our flesh in heaven as a sure pledge that He, our Head, will also take us, His members, up to Himself. Third, He sends us His Spirit as a counter-pledge, by whose power we seek the things that are above, where Christ is, seated at the right hand of God, and not the things that are on earth.", "answer_with_proofs": "First, He is our Advocate in heaven before His Father.[1] Second, we have our flesh in heaven as a sure pledge that He, our Head, will also take us, His members, up to Himself.[2] Third, He sends us His Spirit as a counter-pledge,[3] by whose power we seek the things that are above, where Christ is, seated at the right hand of God, and not the things that are on earth.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.34", "osis": ["Rom.8.34"]}, {"raw": "1John.2.1", "osis": ["1John.2.1"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "John.14.2", "osis": ["John.14.2"]}, {"raw": "John.17.24", "osis": ["John.17.24"]}, {"raw": "Eph.2.4-Eph.2.6", "osis": ["Eph.2.4-Eph.2.6"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "John.14.16", "osis": ["John.14.16"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.33", "osis": ["Acts.2.33"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.1.21-2Cor.1.22", "osis": ["2Cor.1.21-2Cor.1.22"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.5.5", "osis": ["2Cor.5.5"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Col.3.1-Col.3.4", "osis": ["Col.3.1-Col.3.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "50", "sort_key": 50, "question": "Why is it added, And sits at the right hand of God?", "answer": "Christ ascended into heaven to manifest Himself there as Head of His Church, through whom the Father governs all things.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ ascended into heaven to manifest Himself there as Head of His Church,[1] through whom the Father governs all things.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.20-Eph.1.23", "osis": ["Eph.1.20-Eph.1.23"]}, {"raw": "Col.1.18", "osis": ["Col.1.18"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.18", "osis": ["Matt.28.18"]}, {"raw": "John.5.22-John.5.23", "osis": ["John.5.22-John.5.23"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "51", "sort_key": 51, "question": "How does the glory of Christ, our Head, benefit us?", "answer": "First, by His Holy Spirit He pours out heavenly gifts upon us, His members. Second, by His power He defends and preserves us against all enemies.", "answer_with_proofs": "First, by His Holy Spirit He pours out heavenly gifts upon us, His members.[1] Second, by His power He defends and preserves us against all enemies.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.33", "osis": ["Acts.2.33"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.7-Eph.4.12", "osis": ["Eph.4.7-Eph.4.12"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.2.9", "osis": ["Ps.2.9"]}, {"raw": "Ps.110.1-Ps.110.2", "osis": ["Ps.110.1-Ps.110.2"]}, {"raw": "John.10.27-John.10.30", "osis": ["John.10.27-John.10.30"]}, {"raw": "Rev.19.11-Rev.19.16", "osis": ["Rev.19.11-Rev.19.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "52", "sort_key": 52, "question": "What comfort is it to you that Christ will come to judge the living and the dead?", "answer": "In all my sorrow and persecution I lift up my head and eagerly await as judge from heaven the very same person who before has submitted Himself to the judgment of God for my sake, and has removed all the curse from me. He will cast all His and my enemies into everlasting condemnation, but He will take me and all His chosen ones to Himself into heavenly joy and glory.", "answer_with_proofs": "In all my sorrow and persecution I lift up my head and eagerly await as judge from heaven the very same person who before has submitted Himself to the judgment of God for my sake, and has removed all the curse from me.[1] He will cast all His and my enemies into everlasting condemnation, but He will take me and all His chosen ones to Himself into heavenly joy and glory.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.21.28", "osis": ["Luke.21.28"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.22-Rom.8.25", "osis": ["Rom.8.22-Rom.8.25"]}, {"raw": "Phil.3.20-Phil.3.21", "osis": ["Phil.3.20-Phil.3.21"]}, {"raw": "Titus.2.13-Titus.2.14", "osis": ["Titus.2.13-Titus.2.14"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.25.31-Matt.25.46", "osis": ["Matt.25.31-Matt.25.46"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.4.16-1Thess.4.17", "osis": ["1Thess.4.16-1Thess.4.17"]}, {"raw": "2Thess.1.6-2Thess.1.10", "osis": ["2Thess.1.6-2Thess.1.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "53", "sort_key": 53, "question": "What do you believe concerning the Holy Spirit?", "answer": "First, He is, together with the Father and the Son, true and eternal God. Second, He is also given to me, to make me by true faith share in Christ and all His benefits, to comfort me, and to remain with me forever.", "answer_with_proofs": "First, He is, together with the Father and the Son, true and eternal God.[1] Second, He is also given to me,[2] to make me by true faith share in Christ and all His benefits,[3] to comfort me,[4] and to remain with me forever.[5]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1.1-Gen.1.2", "osis": ["Gen.1.1-Gen.1.2"]}, {"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}, {"raw": "Acts.5.3-Acts.5.4", "osis": ["Acts.5.3-Acts.5.4"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.3.16", "osis": ["1Cor.3.16"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.6.19", "osis": ["1Cor.6.19"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.1.21-2Cor.1.22", "osis": ["2Cor.1.21-2Cor.1.22"]}, {"raw": "Gal.4.6", "osis": ["Gal.4.6"]}, {"raw": "Eph.1.13", "osis": ["Eph.1.13"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.3.14", "osis": ["Gal.3.14"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.1.2", "osis": ["1Pet.1.2"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "John.15.26", "osis": ["John.15.26"]}, {"raw": "Acts.9.31", "osis": ["Acts.9.31"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "John.14.16-John.14.17", "osis": ["John.14.16-John.14.17"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.4.14", "osis": ["1Pet.4.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "54", "sort_key": 54, "question": "What do you believe concerning the holy catholic Christian church?", "answer": "I believe that the Son of God, out of the whole human race, from the beginning of the world to its end, gathers, defends, and preserves for Himself,  by His Spirit and Word, in the unity of the true faith, a church chosen to everlasting life. And I believe that I am and forever shall remain a living member of it.", "answer_with_proofs": "I believe that the Son of God,[1] out of the whole human race,[2] from the beginning of the world to its end,[3] gathers, defends, and preserves for Himself, [4] by His Spirit and Word,[5] in the unity of the true faith,[6] a church chosen to everlasting life.[7] And I believe that I am[8] and forever shall remain a living member of it.[9]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.10.11", "osis": ["John.10.11"]}, {"raw": "Acts.20.28", "osis": ["Acts.20.28"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.11-Eph.4.13", "osis": ["Eph.4.11-Eph.4.13"]}, {"raw": "Col.1.18", "osis": ["Col.1.18"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.26.4", "osis": ["Gen.26.4"]}, {"raw": "Rev.5.9", "osis": ["Rev.5.9"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.59.21", "osis": ["Isa.59.21"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.26", "osis": ["1Cor.11.26"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.129.1-Ps.129.5", "osis": ["Ps.129.1-Ps.129.5"]}, {"raw": "Matt.16.18", "osis": ["Matt.16.18"]}, {"raw": "John.10.28-John.10.30", "osis": ["John.10.28-John.10.30"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.16", "osis": ["Rom.1.16"]}, {"raw": "Rom.10.14-Rom.10.17", "osis": ["Rom.10.14-Rom.10.17"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.26", "osis": ["Eph.5.26"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.42-Acts.2.47", "osis": ["Acts.2.42-Acts.2.47"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.1-Eph.4.6", "osis": ["Eph.4.1-Eph.4.6"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.29", "osis": ["Rom.8.29"]}, {"raw": "Eph.1.3-Eph.1.14", "osis": ["Eph.1.3-Eph.1.14"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "1John.3.14,1John.3.19-1John.3.21", "osis": ["1John.3.14", "1John.3.19-1John.3.21"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.23.6", "osis": ["Ps.23.6"]}, {"raw": "John.10.27-John.10.28", "osis": ["John.10.27-John.10.28"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.1.4-1Cor.1.9", "osis": ["1Cor.1.4-1Cor.1.9"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.1.3-1Pet.1.5", "osis": ["1Pet.1.3-1Pet.1.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "55", "sort_key": 55, "question": "What do you understand by the communion of saints?", "answer": "First, that believers, all and everyone, as members of Christ have communion with Him and share in all His treasures and gifts. Second, that everyone is duty-bound to use his gifts readily and cheerfully for the benefit and well-being of the other members.", "answer_with_proofs": "First, that believers, all and everyone, as members of Christ have communion with Him and share in all His treasures and gifts.[1] Second, that everyone is duty-bound to use his gifts readily and cheerfully for the benefit and well-being of the other members.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.32", "osis": ["Rom.8.32"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.6.17", "osis": ["1Cor.6.17"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.12.4-1Cor.12.7,1Cor.12.12-1Cor.12.13", "osis": ["1Cor.12.4-1Cor.12.7", "1Cor.12.12-1Cor.12.13"]}, {"raw": "1John.1.3", "osis": ["1John.1.3"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.12.4-Rom.12.8", "osis": ["Rom.12.4-Rom.12.8"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.12.20-1Cor.12.27", "osis": ["1Cor.12.20-1Cor.12.27"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.13.1-1Cor.13.7", "osis": ["1Cor.13.1-1Cor.13.7"]}, {"raw": "Phil.2.4-Phil.2.8", "osis": ["Phil.2.4-Phil.2.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "56", "sort_key": 56, "question": "What do you believe concerning the forgiveness of sins?", "answer": "I believe that God, because of Christ's satisfaction, will no more remember my sins, nor my sinful nature, against which I have to struggle all my life, but He will graciously grant me the righteousness of Christ, that I may never come into condemnation.", "answer_with_proofs": "I believe that God, because of Christ's satisfaction, will no more remember my sins,[1] nor my sinful nature, against which I have to struggle all my life,[2] but He will graciously grant me the righteousness of Christ, that I may never come into condemnation.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.103.3-Ps.103.4,Ps.103.10,Ps.103.12", "osis": ["Ps.103.3-Ps.103.4", "Ps.103.10", "Ps.103.12"]}, {"raw": "Mic.7.18-Mic.7.19", "osis": ["Mic.7.18-Mic.7.19"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.5.18-2Cor.5.21", "osis": ["2Cor.5.18-2Cor.5.21"]}, {"raw": "1John.1.7", "osis": ["1John.1.7"]}, {"raw": "1John.2.2", "osis": ["1John.2.2"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.7.21-Rom.7.25", "osis": ["Rom.7.21-Rom.7.25"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "John.3.17-John.3.18", "osis": ["John.3.17-John.3.18"]}, {"raw": "John.5.24", "osis": ["John.5.24"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.1-Rom.8.2", "osis": ["Rom.8.1-Rom.8.2"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "57", "sort_key": 57, "question": "What comfort does the resurrection of the body offer you?", "answer": "Not only shall my soul after this life immediately be taken up to Christ, my Head, but also this my flesh, raised by the power of Christ, shall be reunited with my soul and made like Christ's glorious body.", "answer_with_proofs": "Not only shall my soul after this life immediately be taken up to Christ, my Head,[1] but also this my flesh, raised by the power of Christ, shall be reunited with my soul and made like Christ's glorious body.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.16.22", "osis": ["Luke.16.22"]}, {"raw": "Luke.23.43", "osis": ["Luke.23.43"]}, {"raw": "Phil.1.21-Phil.1.23", "osis": ["Phil.1.21-Phil.1.23"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Job.19.25-Job.19.26", "osis": ["Job.19.25-Job.19.26"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.15.20,1Cor.15.42-1Cor.15.46,1Cor.15.54", "osis": ["1Cor.15.20", "1Cor.15.42-1Cor.15.46", "1Cor.15.54"]}, {"raw": "Phil.3.21", "osis": ["Phil.3.21"]}, {"raw": "1John.3.2", "osis": ["1John.3.2"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "58", "sort_key": 58, "question": "What comfort do you receive from the article about the life everlasting?", "answer": "Since I now already feel in my heart the beginning of eternal joy,  I shall after this life possess perfect blessedness, such as no eye has seen, nor ear heard, nor the heart of man conceived-- a blessedness in which to praise God forever.", "answer_with_proofs": "Since I now already feel in my heart the beginning of eternal joy, [1] I shall after this life possess perfect blessedness, such as no eye has seen, nor ear heard, nor the heart of man conceived-- a blessedness in which to praise God forever.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.17.3", "osis": ["John.17.3"]}, {"raw": "Rom.14.17", "osis": ["Rom.14.17"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.5.2-2Cor.5.3", "osis": ["2Cor.5.2-2Cor.5.3"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "John.17.24", "osis": ["John.17.24"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.2.9", "osis": ["1Cor.2.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "59", "sort_key": 59, "question": "But what does it help you now that you believe all this?", "answer": "In Christ I am righteous before God and heir to life everlasting.", "answer_with_proofs": "In Christ I am righteous before God and heir to life everlasting.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Hab.2.4", "osis": ["Hab.2.4"]}, {"raw": "John.3.36", "osis": ["John.3.36"]}, {"raw": "Rom.1.17", "osis": ["Rom.1.17"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.1-Rom.5.2", "osis": ["Rom.5.1-Rom.5.2"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "60", "sort_key": 60, "question": "How are you righteous before God?", "answer": "Only by true faith in Jesus Christ. Although my conscience accuses me that I have grievously sinned against all God's commandments, have never kept any of them, and am still inclined to all evil, yet God, without any merit of my own, out of mere grace, imputes to me the perfect satisfaction, righteousness, and holiness of Christ. He grants these to me as if I had never had nor committed any sin, and as if I myself had accomplished all the obedience which Christ has rendered for me, if only I accept this gift with a believing heart.", "answer_with_proofs": "Only by true faith in Jesus Christ.[1] Although my conscience accuses me that I have grievously sinned against all God's commandments, have never kept any of them,[2] and am still inclined to all evil,[3] yet God, without any merit of my own,[4] out of mere grace,[5] imputes to me the perfect satisfaction, righteousness, and holiness of Christ.[6] He grants these to me as if I had never had nor committed any sin, and as if I myself had accomplished all the obedience which Christ has rendered for me,[7] if only I accept this gift with a believing heart.[8]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.21-Rom.3.28", "osis": ["Rom.3.21-Rom.3.28"]}, {"raw": "Gal.2.16", "osis": ["Gal.2.16"]}, {"raw": "Eph.2.8-Eph.2.9", "osis": ["Eph.2.8-Eph.2.9"]}, {"raw": "Phil.3.8-Phil.3.11", "osis": ["Phil.3.8-Phil.3.11"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.9-Rom.3.10", "osis": ["Rom.3.9-Rom.3.10"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.7.23", "osis": ["Rom.7.23"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.9.6", "osis": ["Deut.9.6"]}, {"raw": "Ezek.36.22", "osis": ["Ezek.36.22"]}, {"raw": "Titus.3.4-Titus.3.5", "osis": ["Titus.3.4-Titus.3.5"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.24", "osis": ["Rom.3.24"]}, {"raw": "Eph.2.8", "osis": ["Eph.2.8"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.4.3-Rom.4.5", "osis": ["Rom.4.3-Rom.4.5"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.5.17-2Cor.5.19", "osis": ["2Cor.5.17-2Cor.5.19"]}, {"raw": "1John.2.1-1John.2.2", "osis": ["1John.2.1-1John.2.2"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.4.24-Rom.4.25", "osis": ["Rom.4.24-Rom.4.25"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.5.21", "osis": ["2Cor.5.21"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "John.3.18", "osis": ["John.3.18"]}, {"raw": "Acts.16.30-Acts.16.31", "osis": ["Acts.16.30-Acts.16.31"]}, {"raw": "Rom.3.22", "osis": ["Rom.3.22"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "61", "sort_key": 61, "question": "Why do you say that you are righteous only by faith?", "answer": "Not that I am acceptable to God on account of the worthiness of my faith, for only the satisfaction, righteousness, and holiness of Christ is my righteousness before God. I can receive this righteousness and make it mine my own by faith only.", "answer_with_proofs": "Not that I am acceptable to God on account of the worthiness of my faith, for only the satisfaction, righteousness, and holiness of Christ is my righteousness before God.[1] I can receive this righteousness and make it mine my own by faith only.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.1.30-1Cor.1.31", "osis": ["1Cor.1.30-1Cor.1.31"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.2.2", "osis": ["1Cor.2.2"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.10.10", "osis": ["Rom.10.10"]}, {"raw": "1John.5.10-1John.5.12", "osis": ["1John.5.10-1John.5.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "62", "sort_key": 62, "question": "But why can our good works not be our righteousness before God, or at least a part of it?", "answer": "Because the righteousness which can stand before God's judgment must be absolutely perfect and in complete agreement with the law of God, whereas even our best works in this life are all imperfect and defiled with sin.", "answer_with_proofs": "Because the righteousness which can stand before God's judgment must be absolutely perfect and in complete agreement with the law of God,[1] whereas even our best works in this life are all imperfect and defiled with sin.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.27.26", "osis": ["Deut.27.26"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.10", "osis": ["Gal.3.10"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.64.6", "osis": ["Isa.64.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "63", "sort_key": 63, "question": "But do our good works earn nothing, even though God promises to reward them in this life and the next?", "answer": "This reward is not earned; it is a gift of grace.", "answer_with_proofs": "This reward is not earned[1]; it is a gift of grace.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.12", "osis": ["Matt.5.12"]}, {"raw": "Heb.11.6", "osis": ["Heb.11.6"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.17.10", "osis": ["Luke.17.10"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.4.7-2Tim.4.8", "osis": ["2Tim.4.7-2Tim.4.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "64", "sort_key": 64, "question": "Does this teaching not make people careless and wicked?", "answer": "No. It is impossible that those grafted into Christ by true faith should not bring forth fruits of thankfulness.", "answer_with_proofs": "No. It is impossible that those grafted into Christ by true faith should not bring forth fruits of thankfulness.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.7.18", "osis": ["Matt.7.18"]}, {"raw": "Luke.6.43-Luke.6.45", "osis": ["Luke.6.43-Luke.6.45"]}, {"raw": "John.15.5", "osis": ["John.15.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "65", "sort_key": 65, "question": "Since then faith alone makes us share in Christ and all His benefits, where does this faith come from?", "answer": "From the Holy Spirit, who works it in our hearts by the preaching of the gospel, and strengthens it by the use of the sacraments.", "answer_with_proofs": "From the Holy Spirit,[1] who works it in our hearts by the preaching of the gospel,[2] and strengthens it by the use of the sacraments.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.3.5", "osis": ["John.3.5"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.2.10-1Cor.2.14", "osis": ["1Cor.2.10-1Cor.2.14"]}, {"raw": "Eph.2.8", "osis": ["Eph.2.8"]}, {"raw": "Phil.1.29", "osis": ["Phil.1.29"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.10.17", "osis": ["Rom.10.17"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.1.23-1Pet.1.25", "osis": ["1Pet.1.23-1Pet.1.25"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20", "osis": ["Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.10.16", "osis": ["1Cor.10.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "66", "sort_key": 66, "question": "What are the sacraments?", "answer": "The sacraments are holy, visible signs and seals. They were instituted by God so that by their use He might the more fully declare and seal to us the promise of the gospel. And this is the promise: that God graciously grants us forgiveness of sins and everlasting life because of the one sacrifice of Christ accomplished on the cross.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sacraments are holy, visible signs and seals. They were instituted by God so that by their use He might the more fully declare and seal to us the promise of the gospel.[1] And this is the promise: that God graciously grants us forgiveness of sins and everlasting life because of the one sacrifice of Christ accomplished on the cross.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.17.11", "osis": ["Gen.17.11"]}, {"raw": "Deut.30.6", "osis": ["Deut.30.6"]}, {"raw": "Rom.4.1", "osis": ["Rom.4.1"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.26.27-Matt.26.28", "osis": ["Matt.26.27-Matt.26.28"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.38", "osis": ["Acts.2.38"]}, {"raw": "Heb.10.10", "osis": ["Heb.10.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "67", "sort_key": 67, "question": "Are both the Word and the sacraments then intended to focus our faith on the sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the cross as the only ground of our salvation?", "answer": "Yes, indeed. The Holy Spirit teaches us in the gospel and assures us by the sacraments that our entire salvation rests on Christ's one sacrifice for us on the cross.", "answer_with_proofs": "Yes, indeed. The Holy Spirit teaches us in the gospel and assures us by the sacraments that our entire salvation rests on Christ's one sacrifice for us on the cross.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.3", "osis": ["Rom.6.3"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.26", "osis": ["1Cor.11.26"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.27", "osis": ["Gal.3.27"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "68", "sort_key": 68, "question": "How many sacraments has Christ instituted in the new covenant?", "answer": "Two: holy baptism and the holy supper.", "answer_with_proofs": "Two: holy baptism and the holy supper.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20", "osis": ["Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.26", "osis": ["1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.26"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "69", "sort_key": 69, "question": "How does holy baptism signify and seal to you that the one sacrifice of Christ on the cross benefits you?", "answer": "In this way: Christ instituted this outward washing and with it gave the promise that, as surely as water washes away the dirt from the body, so certainly His blood and Spirit wash away the impurity of my soul, that is, all my sins.", "answer_with_proofs": "In this way: Christ instituted this outward washing[1] and with it gave the promise that, as surely as water washes away the dirt from the body, so certainly His blood and Spirit wash away the impurity of my soul, that is, all my sins.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.3.11", "osis": ["Matt.3.11"]}, {"raw": "Mark.16.16", "osis": ["Mark.16.16"]}, {"raw": "John.1.33", "osis": ["John.1.33"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.38", "osis": ["Acts.2.38"]}, {"raw": "Rom.6.3-Rom.6.4", "osis": ["Rom.6.3-Rom.6.4"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.3.21", "osis": ["1Pet.3.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "70", "sort_key": 70, "question": "What does it mean to be washed with Christ's blood and Spirit?", "answer": "To be washed with Christ's blood means to receive forgiveness of sins from God, through grace, because of Christ's blood, poured out for us in His sacrifice on the cross. To be washed with His Spirit means to be renewed by the Holy Spirit and sanctified to be members of Christ, so that more and more we become dead to sin and lead a holy and blameless life.", "answer_with_proofs": "To be washed with Christ's blood means to receive forgiveness of sins from God, through grace, because of Christ's blood, poured out for us in His sacrifice on the cross.[1] To be washed with His Spirit means to be renewed by the Holy Spirit and sanctified to be members of Christ, so that more and more we become dead to sin and lead a holy and blameless life.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.36.25", "osis": ["Ezek.36.25"]}, {"raw": "Zech.13.1", "osis": ["Zech.13.1"]}, {"raw": "Eph.1.7", "osis": ["Eph.1.7"]}, {"raw": "Heb.12.24", "osis": ["Heb.12.24"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.1.2", "osis": ["1Pet.1.2"]}, {"raw": "Rev.1.5", "osis": ["Rev.1.5"]}, {"raw": "Rev.7.14", "osis": ["Rev.7.14"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "John.3.5-John.3.8", "osis": ["John.3.5-John.3.8"]}, {"raw": "Rom.6.4", "osis": ["Rom.6.4"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.6.11", "osis": ["1Cor.6.11"]}, {"raw": "Col.2.11-Col.2.12", "osis": ["Col.2.11-Col.2.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "71", "sort_key": 71, "question": "Where has Christ promised that He will wash us with His blood and Spirit as surely as we are washed with the water of baptism?", "answer": "In the institution of baptism, where He says: Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. He who believes and is baptized will be saved, but he who does not believe will be condemned. This promise is repeated where Scripture calls baptism the washing of regeneration and the washing away of sins.", "answer_with_proofs": "In the institution of baptism, where He says: Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.[1] He who believes and is baptized will be saved, but he who does not believe will be condemned.[2] This promise is repeated where Scripture calls baptism the washing of regeneration and the washing away of sins.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Mark.16.16", "osis": ["Mark.16.16"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Titus.3.5", "osis": ["Titus.3.5"]}, {"raw": "Acts.22.16", "osis": ["Acts.22.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "72", "sort_key": 72, "question": "Does this outward washing with water itself wash away sins?", "answer": "No, only the blood of Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit cleanse us from all sins.", "answer_with_proofs": "No, only the blood of Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit cleanse us from all sins.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.3.11", "osis": ["Matt.3.11"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.3.21", "osis": ["1Pet.3.21"]}, {"raw": "1John.1.7", "osis": ["1John.1.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "73", "sort_key": 73, "question": "Why then does the Holy Spirit call baptism the washing of regeneration and the washing away of sins?", "answer": "God speaks in this way for a good reason. He wants to teach us that the blood and Spirit of Christ remove our sins just as water takes away dirt from the body. But, even more important, He wants to assure us by this divine pledge and sign that we are as truly cleansed from our sins spiritually as we are bodily washed with water.", "answer_with_proofs": "God speaks in this way for a good reason. He wants to teach us that the blood and Spirit of Christ remove our sins just as water takes away dirt from the body.[1] But, even more important, He wants to assure us by this divine pledge and sign that we are as truly cleansed from our sins spiritually as we are bodily washed with water.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.6.11", "osis": ["1Cor.6.11"]}, {"raw": "Rev.1.5", "osis": ["Rev.1.5"]}, {"raw": "Rev.7.14", "osis": ["Rev.7.14"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Mark.16.16", "osis": ["Mark.16.16"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.38", "osis": ["Acts.2.38"]}, {"raw": "Rom.6.3-Rom.6.4", "osis": ["Rom.6.3-Rom.6.4"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.27", "osis": ["Gal.3.27"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "74", "sort_key": 74, "question": "Should infants, too, be baptized?", "answer": "Yes. Infants as well as adults belong to God's covenant and congregation. Through Christ's blood the redemption from sin and the Holy Spirit, who works faith, are promised to them no less than to adults. Therefore, by baptism, as sign of the covenant, they must be grafted into the Christian church and distinguished from the children of unbelievers. This was done in the old covenant by circumcision, in place of which baptism was instituted in the new covenant.", "answer_with_proofs": "Yes. Infants as well as adults belong to God's covenant and congregation.[1] Through Christ's blood the redemption from sin and the Holy Spirit, who works faith, are promised to them no less than to adults.[2] Therefore, by baptism, as sign of the covenant, they must be grafted into the Christian church and distinguished from the children of unbelievers.[3] This was done in the old covenant by circumcision,[4] in place of which baptism was instituted in the new covenant.[5]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.17.7", "osis": ["Gen.17.7"]}, {"raw": "Matt.19.14", "osis": ["Matt.19.14"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.22.11", "osis": ["Ps.22.11"]}, {"raw": "Isa.44.1-Isa.44.3", "osis": ["Isa.44.1-Isa.44.3"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.38-Acts.2.39", "osis": ["Acts.2.38-Acts.2.39"]}, {"raw": "Acts.16.31", "osis": ["Acts.16.31"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.10.47", "osis": ["Acts.10.47"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.7.14", "osis": ["1Cor.7.14"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.17.9-Gen.17.14", "osis": ["Gen.17.9-Gen.17.14"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Col.2.11-Col.2.13", "osis": ["Col.2.11-Col.2.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "75", "sort_key": 75, "question": "How does the Lord's Supper signify and seal to you that you share in Christ's one sacrifice on the cross and in all His gifts?", "answer": "In this way: Christ has commanded me and all believers to eat of this broken bread and drink of this cup in remembrance of Him. With this command He gave these promises: First, as surely as I see with my eyes the bread of the Lord broken for me and the cup given to me, so surely was His body offered for me and His blood poured out for me on the cross. Second, as surely as I receive from the hand of the minister and taste with my mouth the bread and the cup of the Lord as sure signs of Christ's body and blood, so surely does He Himself nourish and refresh my soul to everlasting life with His crucified body and shed blood.", "answer_with_proofs": "In this way: Christ has commanded me and all believers to eat of this broken bread and drink of this cup in remembrance of Him. With this command He gave these promises:[1] First, as surely as I see with my eyes the bread of the Lord broken for me and the cup given to me, so surely was His body offered for me and His blood poured out for me on the cross. Second, as surely as I receive from the hand of the minister and taste with my mouth the bread and the cup of the Lord as sure signs of Christ's body and blood, so surely does He Himself nourish and refresh my soul to everlasting life with His crucified body and shed blood.", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.26.26-Matt.26.28", "osis": ["Matt.26.26-Matt.26.28"]}, {"raw": "Mark.14.22-Mark.14.24", "osis": ["Mark.14.22-Mark.14.24"]}, {"raw": "Luke.22.19-Luke.22.20", "osis": ["Luke.22.19-Luke.22.20"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.25", "osis": ["1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "76", "sort_key": 76, "question": "What does it mean to eat the crucified body of Christ and to drink His shed blood?", "answer": "First, to accept with a believing heart all the suffering and the death of Christ, and so receive forgiveness of sins and life eternal. Second, to be united more and more to His sacred body through the Holy Spirit, who lives both in Christ and in us. Therefore, although Christ is in heaven and we are on earth, yet we are flesh of His flesh and bone of His bones, and we forever live and are governed by one Spirit, as the members of our body are by one soul.", "answer_with_proofs": "First, to accept with a believing heart all the suffering and the death of Christ, and so receive forgiveness of sins and life eternal.[1] Second, to be united more and more to His sacred body through the Holy Spirit, who lives both in Christ and in us.[2] Therefore, although Christ is in heaven[3] and we are on earth, yet we are flesh of His flesh and bone of His bones,[4] and we forever live and are governed by one Spirit, as the members of our body are by one soul.[5]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.6.35,John.6.40,John.6.50-John.6.54", "osis": ["John.6.35", "John.6.40", "John.6.50-John.6.54"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "John.6.55-John.6.56", "osis": ["John.6.55-John.6.56"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.12.13", "osis": ["1Cor.12.13"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.1.9-Acts.1.11", "osis": ["Acts.1.9-Acts.1.11"]}, {"raw": "Acts.3.21", "osis": ["Acts.3.21"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.26", "osis": ["1Cor.11.26"]}, {"raw": "Col.3.1", "osis": ["Col.3.1"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.6.15,1Cor.6.17", "osis": ["1Cor.6.15", "1Cor.6.17"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.29-Eph.5.30", "osis": ["Eph.5.29-Eph.5.30"]}, {"raw": "1John.4.13", "osis": ["1John.4.13"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "John.6.56-John.6.58", "osis": ["John.6.56-John.6.58"]}, {"raw": "John.15.1-John.15.6", "osis": ["John.15.1-John.15.6"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.15-Eph.4.16", "osis": ["Eph.4.15-Eph.4.16"]}, {"raw": "1John.3.24", "osis": ["1John.3.24"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "77", "sort_key": 77, "question": "Where has Christ promised that He will nourish and refresh believers with His body and blood as surely as they eat of this broken bread and drink of this cup?", "answer": "In the institution of the Lord's supper: The Lord Jesus on the night when He was betrayed took bread, and when He had given thanks, He broke it and said, \"This is my body which is for you. Do this in remembrance of me.\" In the same way also the cup, after supper, saying, \"Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me.\" For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until He comes. This promise is repeated by Paul where he says: The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not a participation in the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not a participation in the body of Christ? Because there is one bread, we who are many are one body, for we all partake of the one bread.", "answer_with_proofs": "In the institution of the Lord's supper: The Lord Jesus on the night when He was betrayed took bread, and when He had given thanks, He broke it and said, \"This is my body which is for you. Do this in remembrance of me.\" In the same way also the cup, after supper, saying, \"Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me.\" For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until He comes.[1] This promise is repeated by Paul where he says: The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not a participation in the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not a participation in the body of Christ? Because there is one bread, we who are many are one body, for we all partake of the one bread.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.26", "osis": ["1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.26"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.16-1Cor.10.17", "osis": ["1Cor.10.16-1Cor.10.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "78", "sort_key": 78, "question": "Are then the bread and wine changed into the real body and blood of Christ?", "answer": "No. Just as the water of baptism is not changed into the blood of Christ and is not the washing away of sins itself but is simply God's sign and pledge, so also the bread in the Lord's supper does not become the body of Christ itself, although it is called Christ's body in keeping with the nature and usage of sacraments.", "answer_with_proofs": "No. Just as the water of baptism is not changed into the blood of Christ and is not the washing away of sins itself but is simply God's sign and pledge,[1] so also the bread in the Lord's supper does not become the body of Christ itself,[2] although it is called Christ's body[3] in keeping with the nature and usage of sacraments.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.5.26", "osis": ["Eph.5.26"]}, {"raw": "Titus.3.5", "osis": ["Titus.3.5"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.26.26-Matt.26.29", "osis": ["Matt.26.26-Matt.26.29"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.16-1Cor.10.17", "osis": ["1Cor.10.16-1Cor.10.17"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.26-1Cor.11.28", "osis": ["1Cor.11.26-1Cor.11.28"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.17.10-Gen.17.11", "osis": ["Gen.17.10-Gen.17.11"]}, {"raw": "Exod.12.11,Exod.12.13", "osis": ["Exod.12.11", "Exod.12.13"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.10.3-1Cor.10.4", "osis": ["1Cor.10.3-1Cor.10.4"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.3.21", "osis": ["1Pet.3.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "79", "sort_key": 79, "question": "Why then does Christ call the bread His body and the cup His blood, or the new covenant in His blood, and why does Paul speak of a participation in the body and blood of Christ?", "answer": "Christ speaks in this way for a good reason: He wants to teach us by His supper that as bread and wine sustain us in this temporal life, so His crucified body and shed blood are true food and drink for our souls to eternal life. But, even more important, He wants to assure us by this visible sign and pledge, first, that through the working of the Holy Spirit we share in His true body and blood as surely as we receive with our mouth these holy signs in remembrance of Him, and, second, that all His suffering and obedience are as certainly ours as if we personally had suffered and paid for our sins.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ speaks in this way for a good reason: He wants to teach us by His supper that as bread and wine sustain us in this temporal life, so His crucified body and shed blood are true food and drink for our souls to eternal life.[1] But, even more important, He wants to assure us by this visible sign and pledge, first, that through the working of the Holy Spirit we share in His true body and blood as surely as we receive with our mouth these holy signs in remembrance of Him,[2] and, second, that all His suffering and obedience are as certainly ours as if we personally had suffered and paid for our sins.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.6.51,John.6.55", "osis": ["John.6.51", "John.6.55"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.16-1Cor.10.17", "osis": ["1Cor.10.16-1Cor.10.17"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.26", "osis": ["1Cor.11.26"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.5-Rom.6.11", "osis": ["Rom.6.5-Rom.6.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "80", "sort_key": 80, "question": "What difference is there between the Lord's supper and the papal mass?", "answer": "The Lord's supper testifies to us, first, that we have complete forgiveness of all our sins through the one sacrifice of Jesus Christ, which He Himself accomplished on the cross once for all; and, second, that through the Holy Spirit we are grafted into Christ, who with His true body is now in heaven at the right hand of the Father, and this is where He wants to be worshipped. But the mass teaches, first, that the living and the dead do not have forgiveness of sins through the suffering of Christ unless He is still offered for them daily by the priests; and, second, that Christ is bodily present in the form of bread and wine, and there is to be worshipped. Therefore the mass is basically nothing but a denial of the one sacrifice and suffering of Jesus Christ, and an accursed idolatry.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Lord's supper testifies to us, first, that we have complete forgiveness of all our sins through the one sacrifice of Jesus Christ, which He Himself accomplished on the cross once for all;[1] and, second, that through the Holy Spirit we are grafted into Christ,[2] who with His true body is now in heaven at the right hand of the Father,[3] and this is where He wants to be worshipped.[4] But the mass teaches, first, that the living and the dead do not have forgiveness of sins through the suffering of Christ unless He is still offered for them daily by the priests; and, second, that Christ is bodily present in the form of bread and wine, and there is to be worshipped. Therefore the mass is basically nothing but a denial of the one sacrifice and suffering of Jesus Christ, and an accursed idolatry.", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.26.28", "osis": ["Matt.26.28"]}, {"raw": "John.19.30", "osis": ["John.19.30"]}, {"raw": "Heb.7.27", "osis": ["Heb.7.27"]}, {"raw": "Heb.9.12,Heb.9.25-Heb.9.26", "osis": ["Heb.9.12", "Heb.9.25-Heb.9.26"]}, {"raw": "Heb.10.10-Heb.10.18", "osis": ["Heb.10.10-Heb.10.18"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.6.17", "osis": ["1Cor.6.17"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.10.16-1Cor.10.17", "osis": ["1Cor.10.16-1Cor.10.17"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "John.20.17", "osis": ["John.20.17"]}, {"raw": "Acts.7.55-Acts.7.56", "osis": ["Acts.7.55-Acts.7.56"]}, {"raw": "Heb.1.3", "osis": ["Heb.1.3"]}, {"raw": "Heb.8.1", "osis": ["Heb.8.1"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "John.4.21-John.4.24", "osis": ["John.4.21-John.4.24"]}, {"raw": "Phil.3.20", "osis": ["Phil.3.20"]}, {"raw": "Col.3.1", "osis": ["Col.3.1"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.1.10", "osis": ["1Thess.1.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "81", "sort_key": 81, "question": "Who are to come to the table of the Lord?", "answer": "Those who are truly displeased with themselves because of their sins and yet trust that these are forgiven them and that their remaining weakness is covered by the suffering and death of Christ, and who also desire more and more to strengthen their faith and amend their life. But hypocrites and those who do not repent eat and drink judgment upon themselves.", "answer_with_proofs": "Those who are truly displeased with themselves because of their sins and yet trust that these are forgiven them and that their remaining weakness is covered by the suffering and death of Christ, and who also desire more and more to strengthen their faith and amend their life. But hypocrites and those who do not repent eat and drink judgment upon themselves.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.19-1Cor.10.22", "osis": ["1Cor.10.19-1Cor.10.22"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.26-1Cor.11.32", "osis": ["1Cor.11.26-1Cor.11.32"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "82", "sort_key": 82, "question": "Are those also to be admitted to the Lord's supper who by their confession and life show that they are unbelieving and ungodly?", "answer": "No, for then the covenant of God would be profaned and His wrath kindled against the whole congregation. Therefore, according to the command of Christ and His apostles, the Christian church is duty-bound to exclude such persons by the keys of the kingdom of heaven, until they amend their lives.", "answer_with_proofs": "No, for then the covenant of God would be profaned and His wrath kindled against the whole congregation.[1] Therefore, according to the command of Christ and His apostles, the Christian church is duty-bound to exclude such persons by the keys of the kingdom of heaven, until they amend their lives.", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.50.16", "osis": ["Ps.50.16"]}, {"raw": "Isa.1.11-Isa.1.17", "osis": ["Isa.1.11-Isa.1.17"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.17-1Cor.11.34", "osis": ["1Cor.11.17-1Cor.11.34"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "83", "sort_key": 83, "question": "What are the keys of the kingdom of heaven?", "answer": "The preaching of the holy gospel and church discipline. By these two the kingdom of heaven is opened to believers and closed to unbelievers.", "answer_with_proofs": "The preaching of the holy gospel and church discipline. By these two the kingdom of heaven is opened to believers and closed to unbelievers.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.16.19", "osis": ["Matt.16.19"]}, {"raw": "John.20.21-John.20.23", "osis": ["John.20.21-John.20.23"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "84", "sort_key": 84, "question": "How is the kingdom of heaven opened and closed by the preaching of the gospel?", "answer": "According to the command of Christ, the kingdom of heaven is opened when it is proclaimed and publicly testified to each and every believer that God has really forgiven all their sins for the sake of Christ's merits, as often as they by true faith accept the promise of the gospel. The kingdom of heaven is closed when it is proclaimed and testified to all unbelievers and hypocrites that the wrath of God and eternal condemnation rest on them as long as they do not repent. According to this testimony of the gospel, God will judge both in this life and in the life to come.", "answer_with_proofs": "According to the command of Christ, the kingdom of heaven is opened when it is proclaimed and publicly testified to each and every believer that God has really forgiven all their sins for the sake of Christ's merits, as often as they by true faith accept the promise of the gospel. The kingdom of heaven is closed when it is proclaimed and testified to all unbelievers and hypocrites that the wrath of God and eternal condemnation rest on them as long as they do not repent. According to this testimony of the gospel, God will judge both in this life and in the life to come.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.16.19", "osis": ["Matt.16.19"]}, {"raw": "John.3.31-John.3.36", "osis": ["John.3.31-John.3.36"]}, {"raw": "John.20.21-John.20.23", "osis": ["John.20.21-John.20.23"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "85", "sort_key": 85, "question": "How is the kingdom of heaven closed and opened by church discipline?", "answer": "According to the command of Christ, people who call themselves Christians but show themselves to be unchristian in doctrine or life are first repeatedly admonished in a brotherly manner. If they do not give up their errors or wickedness, they are reported to the church, that is, to the elders. If they do not heed also their admonitions, they are forbidden the use of the sacraments, and they are excluded by the elders from the Christian congregation, and by God Himself from the kingdom of Christ. They are again received as members of Christ and of the church when they promise and show real amendment.", "answer_with_proofs": "According to the command of Christ, people who call themselves Christians but show themselves to be unchristian in doctrine or life are first repeatedly admonished in a brotherly manner. If they do not give up their errors or wickedness, they are reported to the church, that is, to the elders. If they do not heed also their admonitions, they are forbidden the use of the sacraments, and they are excluded by the elders from the Christian congregation, and by God Himself from the kingdom of Christ.[1] They are again received as members of Christ and of the church when they promise and show real amendment.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.18.15-Matt.18.20", "osis": ["Matt.18.15-Matt.18.20"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.5.3-1Cor.5.5,1Cor.5.11-1Cor.5.13", "osis": ["1Cor.5.3-1Cor.5.5", "1Cor.5.11-1Cor.5.13"]}, {"raw": "2Thess.3.14-2Thess.3.15", "osis": ["2Thess.3.14-2Thess.3.15"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.15.20-Luke.15.24", "osis": ["Luke.15.20-Luke.15.24"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.2.6-2Cor.2.11", "osis": ["2Cor.2.6-2Cor.2.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "86", "sort_key": 86, "question": "Since we have been delivered from our misery by grace alone through Christ, without any merit of our own, why must we yet do good works?", "answer": "Because Christ, having redeemed us by His blood, also renews us by His Holy Spirit to be His image, so that with our whole life we may show ourselves thankful to God for His benefits, and He may be praised by us. Further, that we ourselves may be assured of our faith by its fruits, and that by our godly walk of life we may win our neighbours for Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": "Because Christ, having redeemed us by His blood, also renews us by His Holy Spirit to be His image, so that with our whole life we may show ourselves thankful to God for His benefits,[1] and He may be praised by us.[2] Further, that we ourselves may be assured of our faith by its fruits,[3] and that by our godly walk of life we may win our neighbours for Christ.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.13", "osis": ["Rom.6.13"]}, {"raw": "Rom.12.1-Rom.12.2", "osis": ["Rom.12.1-Rom.12.2"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.2.5-1Pet.2.10", "osis": ["1Pet.2.5-1Pet.2.10"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.16", "osis": ["Matt.5.16"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.6.19-1Cor.6.20", "osis": ["1Cor.6.19-1Cor.6.20"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.7.17-Matt.7.18", "osis": ["Matt.7.17-Matt.7.18"]}, {"raw": "Gal.5.22-Gal.5.24", "osis": ["Gal.5.22-Gal.5.24"]}, {"raw": "2Pet.1.10-2Pet.1.11", "osis": ["2Pet.1.10-2Pet.1.11"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.14-Matt.5.16", "osis": ["Matt.5.14-Matt.5.16"]}, {"raw": "Rom.14.17-Rom.14.19", "osis": ["Rom.14.17-Rom.14.19"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.2.12", "osis": ["1Pet.2.12"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.3.1-1Pet.3.2", "osis": ["1Pet.3.1-1Pet.3.2"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "87", "sort_key": 87, "question": "Can those be saved who do not turn to God from their ungrateful and impenitent walk of life?", "answer": "By no means. Scripture says that no unchaste person, idolater, adulterer, thief, greedy person, drunkard, slanderer, robber, or the like shall inherit the kingdom of God.", "answer_with_proofs": "By no means. Scripture says that no unchaste person, idolater, adulterer, thief, greedy person, drunkard, slanderer, robber, or the like shall inherit the kingdom of God.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.6.9-1Cor.6.10", "osis": ["1Cor.6.9-1Cor.6.10"]}, {"raw": "Gal.5.19-Gal.5.21", "osis": ["Gal.5.19-Gal.5.21"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.5-Eph.5.6", "osis": ["Eph.5.5-Eph.5.6"]}, {"raw": "1John.3.14", "osis": ["1John.3.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "88", "sort_key": 88, "question": "What is the true repentance or conversion of man?", "answer": "It is the dying of the old nature and the coming to life of the new.", "answer_with_proofs": "It is the dying of the old nature and the coming to life of the new.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.1-Rom.6.11", "osis": ["Rom.6.1-Rom.6.11"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.5.7", "osis": ["1Cor.5.7"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.5.17", "osis": ["2Cor.5.17"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.22-Eph.4.24", "osis": ["Eph.4.22-Eph.4.24"]}, {"raw": "Col.3.5-Col.3.10", "osis": ["Col.3.5-Col.3.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "89", "sort_key": 89, "question": "What is the dying of the old nature?", "answer": "It is to grieve with heartfelt sorrow that we have offended God by our sin, and more and more to hate it and flee from it.", "answer_with_proofs": "It is to grieve with heartfelt sorrow that we have offended God by our sin, and more and more to hate it and flee from it.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.51.3-Ps.51.4,Ps.51.17", "osis": ["Ps.51.3-Ps.51.4", "Ps.51.17"]}, {"raw": "Joel.2.12-Joel.2.13", "osis": ["Joel.2.12-Joel.2.13"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.12-Rom.8.13", "osis": ["Rom.8.12-Rom.8.13"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.7.10", "osis": ["2Cor.7.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "90", "sort_key": 90, "question": "What is the coming to life of the new nature?", "answer": "It is a heartfelt joy in God through Christ, and a love and delight to live according to the will of God in all good works.", "answer_with_proofs": "It is a heartfelt joy in God through Christ,[1] and a love and delight to live according to the will of God in all good works.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.51.8,Ps.51.12", "osis": ["Ps.51.8", "Ps.51.12"]}, {"raw": "Isa.57.15", "osis": ["Isa.57.15"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.1", "osis": ["Rom.5.1"]}, {"raw": "Rom.14.17", "osis": ["Rom.14.17"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.10-Rom.6.11", "osis": ["Rom.6.10-Rom.6.11"]}, {"raw": "Gal.2.20", "osis": ["Gal.2.20"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "91", "sort_key": 91, "question": "But what are good works?", "answer": "Only those which are done out of true faith, in accordance with the law of God, and to His glory, and not those based on our own opinion or on precepts of men.", "answer_with_proofs": "Only those which are done out of true faith,[1] in accordance with the law of God,[2] and to His glory,[3] and not those based on our own opinion or on precepts of men.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.15.5", "osis": ["John.15.5"]}, {"raw": "Rom.14.23", "osis": ["Rom.14.23"]}, {"raw": "Heb.11.6", "osis": ["Heb.11.6"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.18.4", "osis": ["Lev.18.4"]}, {"raw": "1Sam.15.22", "osis": ["1Sam.15.22"]}, {"raw": "Eph.2.10", "osis": ["Eph.2.10"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.31", "osis": ["1Cor.10.31"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.12.32", "osis": ["Deut.12.32"]}, {"raw": "Isa.29.13", "osis": ["Isa.29.13"]}, {"raw": "Ezek.20.18-Ezek.20.19", "osis": ["Ezek.20.18-Ezek.20.19"]}, {"raw": "Matt.15.7-Matt.15.9", "osis": ["Matt.15.7-Matt.15.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "92", "sort_key": 92, "question": "What is the law of the LORD?", "answer": "God spoke all these words, saying: I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. 1. You shall have no other gods before Me. 2. You shall not make for yourself a graven image, 2. or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, 2. or that is in the earth beneath, 2. or that is in the water under the earth; 2. you shall not bow down to them or serve them; 2. for I the LORD your God am a jealous God, 2. visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children 2. to the third and fourth generation 2. of those who hate Me, 2. but showing steadfast love to thousands of those 2. who love Me and keep My commandments. 3. You shall not take the Name of the LORD your God 3. in vain; 3. for the LORD will not hold him guiltless 3. who takes His Name in vain. 4. Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. 4. Six days you shall labour, and do all your work; 4. but the seventh day is a sabbath to the LORD your 4. God; 4. in it you shall not do any work, 4. you, or your son, or your daughter, 4. your manservant, or your maidservant, 4. or your cattle, 4. or the sojourner who is within your gates; 4. for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, 4. the sea, and all that is in them, 4. and rested the seventh day; 4. therefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day 4. and hallowed it. 5. Honour your father and your mother, 5. that your days may be long 5. in the land which the LORD your God gives you. 6. You shall not kill. 7. You shall not commit adultery. 8. You shall not steal. 9. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbour. 10. you shall not covet your neighbour's house; 10. you shall not covet your neighbour's wife, 10. or his manservant, or his maidservant, 10. or his ox, or his ass, 10. or anything that is your neighbour's.", "answer_with_proofs": "God spoke all these words, saying: I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. 1. You shall have no other gods before Me. 2. You shall not make for yourself a graven image, 2. or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, 2. or that is in the earth beneath, 2. or that is in the water under the earth; 2. you shall not bow down to them or serve them; 2. for I the LORD your God am a jealous God, 2. visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children 2. to the third and fourth generation 2. of those who hate Me, 2. but showing steadfast love to thousands of those 2. who love Me and keep My commandments. 3. You shall not take the Name of the LORD your God 3. in vain; 3. for the LORD will not hold him guiltless 3. who takes His Name in vain. 4. Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. 4. Six days you shall labour, and do all your work; 4. but the seventh day is a sabbath to the LORD your 4. God; 4. in it you shall not do any work, 4. you, or your son, or your daughter, 4. your manservant, or your maidservant, 4. or your cattle, 4. or the sojourner who is within your gates; 4. for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, 4. the sea, and all that is in them, 4. and rested the seventh day; 4. therefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day 4. and hallowed it. 5. Honour your father and your mother, 5. that your days may be long 5. in the land which the LORD your God gives you. 6. You shall not kill. 7. You shall not commit adultery. 8. You shall not steal. 9. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbour. 10. you shall not covet your neighbour's house; 10. you shall not covet your neighbour's wife, 10. or his manservant, or his maidservant, 10. or his ox, or his ass, 10. or anything that is your neighbour's.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.1-Exod.20.17", "osis": ["Exod.20.1-Exod.20.17"]}, {"raw": "Deut.5.6-Deut.5.21", "osis": ["Deut.5.6-Deut.5.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "93", "sort_key": 93, "question": "How are these commandments divided?", "answer": "Into two parts. The first teaches us how to live in relation to God; the second, what duties we owe our neighbour.", "answer_with_proofs": "Into two parts. The first teaches us how to live in relation to God; the second, what duties we owe our neighbour.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.22.37-Matt.22.40", "osis": ["Matt.22.37-Matt.22.40"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "94", "sort_key": 94, "question": "What does the LORD require in the first commandment?", "answer": "That for the sake of my very salvation I avoid and flee all idolatry, witchcraft, superstition, and prayer to saints or to other creatures. Further, that I rightly come to know the only true God. trust in Him alone, submit to Him with all humility and patience, expect all good from Him only, and love, fear, and honour Him with all my heart. In short, that I forsake all creatures rather than do the least thing against His will.", "answer_with_proofs": "That for the sake of my very salvation I avoid and flee all idolatry,[1] witchcraft, superstition,[2] and prayer to saints or to other creatures.[3] Further, that I rightly come to know the only true God.[4] trust in Him alone,[5] submit to Him with all humility[6] and patience,[7] expect all good from Him only,[8] and love,[9] fear,[10] and honour Him[11] with all my heart. In short, that I forsake all creatures rather than do the least thing against His will.[12]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.6.9-1Cor.6.10", "osis": ["1Cor.6.9-1Cor.6.10"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.10.5-1Cor.10.14", "osis": ["1Cor.10.5-1Cor.10.14"]}, {"raw": "1John.5.21", "osis": ["1John.5.21"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.19.31", "osis": ["Lev.19.31"]}, {"raw": "Deut.18.9-Deut.18.12", "osis": ["Deut.18.9-Deut.18.12"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.4.10", "osis": ["Matt.4.10"]}, {"raw": "Rev.19.10", "osis": ["Rev.19.10"]}, {"raw": "Rev.22.8-Rev.22.9", "osis": ["Rev.22.8-Rev.22.9"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "John.17.3", "osis": ["John.17.3"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.17.5,Jer.17.7", "osis": ["Jer.17.5", "Jer.17.7"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.5.5-1Pet.5.6", "osis": ["1Pet.5.5-1Pet.5.6"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.3-Rom.5.4", "osis": ["Rom.5.3-Rom.5.4"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.10.10", "osis": ["1Cor.10.10"]}, {"raw": "Phil.2.14", "osis": ["Phil.2.14"]}, {"raw": "Col.1.11", "osis": ["Col.1.11"]}, {"raw": "Heb.10.36", "osis": ["Heb.10.36"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.104.27-Ps.104.28", "osis": ["Ps.104.27-Ps.104.28"]}, {"raw": "Isa.45.7", "osis": ["Isa.45.7"]}, {"raw": "Jas.1.17", "osis": ["Jas.1.17"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.6.5", "osis": ["Deut.6.5"]}, {"raw": "Matt.22.37", "osis": ["Matt.22.37"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.6.2", "osis": ["Deut.6.2"]}, {"raw": "Ps.111.10", "osis": ["Ps.111.10"]}, {"raw": "Prov.1.7", "osis": ["Prov.1.7"]}, {"raw": "Prov.9.10", "osis": ["Prov.9.10"]}, {"raw": "Matt.10.28", "osis": ["Matt.10.28"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.1.17", "osis": ["1Pet.1.17"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.6.13", "osis": ["Deut.6.13"]}, {"raw": "Matt.4.10", "osis": ["Matt.4.10"]}, {"raw": "Deut.10.20", "osis": ["Deut.10.20"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.29-Matt.5.30", "osis": ["Matt.5.29-Matt.5.30"]}, {"raw": "Matt.10.37-Matt.10.39", "osis": ["Matt.10.37-Matt.10.39"]}, {"raw": "Acts.5.29", "osis": ["Acts.5.29"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "95", "sort_key": 95, "question": "What is idolatry?", "answer": "Idolatry is having or inventing something in which to put our trust instead of, or in addition to, the only true God who has revealed Himself in His Word.", "answer_with_proofs": "Idolatry is having or inventing something in which to put our trust instead of, or in addition to, the only true God who has revealed Himself in His Word.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Chr.16.26", "osis": ["1Chr.16.26"]}, {"raw": "Gal.4.8-Gal.4.9", "osis": ["Gal.4.8-Gal.4.9"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.5", "osis": ["Eph.5.5"]}, {"raw": "Phil.3.19", "osis": ["Phil.3.19"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "96", "sort_key": 96, "question": "What does God require in the second commandment?", "answer": "We are not to make an image of God in any way, nor to worship Him in any other manner than He has commanded in His Word.", "answer_with_proofs": "We are not to make an image of God in any way,[1] nor to worship Him in any other manner than He has commanded in His Word.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.4.15-Deut.4.19", "osis": ["Deut.4.15-Deut.4.19"]}, {"raw": "Isa.40.18-Isa.40.25", "osis": ["Isa.40.18-Isa.40.25"]}, {"raw": "Acts.17.29", "osis": ["Acts.17.29"]}, {"raw": "Rom.1.23", "osis": ["Rom.1.23"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.10.1-Lev.10.7", "osis": ["Lev.10.1-Lev.10.7"]}, {"raw": "Deut.12.30", "osis": ["Deut.12.30"]}, {"raw": "1Sam.15.22-1Sam.15.23", "osis": ["1Sam.15.22-1Sam.15.23"]}, {"raw": "Matt.15.9", "osis": ["Matt.15.9"]}, {"raw": "John.4.23-John.4.24", "osis": ["John.4.23-John.4.24"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "97", "sort_key": 97, "question": "May we then not make any image at all?", "answer": "God cannot and may not be visibly portrayed in any way. Creatures may be portrayed, but God forbids us to make or have any images of them in order to worship them or to serve God through them.", "answer_with_proofs": "God cannot and may not be visibly portrayed in any way. Creatures may be portrayed, but God forbids us to make or have any images of them in order to worship them or to serve God through them.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.34.13-Exod.34.14,Exod.34.17", "osis": ["Exod.34.13-Exod.34.14", "Exod.34.17"]}, {"raw": "Num.33.52", "osis": ["Num.33.52"]}, {"raw": "2Kgs.18.4-2Kgs.18.5", "osis": ["2Kgs.18.4-2Kgs.18.5"]}, {"raw": "Isa.40.25", "osis": ["Isa.40.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "98", "sort_key": 98, "question": "But may images not be tolerated in the churches as \"books for the laity\"?", "answer": "No, for we should not be wiser than God. He wants His people to be taught not by means of dumb images but by the living preaching of His Word.", "answer_with_proofs": "No, for we should not be wiser than God. He wants His people to be taught not by means of dumb images[1] but by the living preaching of His Word.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.10.8", "osis": ["Jer.10.8"]}, {"raw": "Hab.2.18-Hab.2.20", "osis": ["Hab.2.18-Hab.2.20"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.10.14-Rom.10.15,Rom.10.17", "osis": ["Rom.10.14-Rom.10.15", "Rom.10.17"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.3.16-2Tim.3.17", "osis": ["2Tim.3.16-2Tim.3.17"]}, {"raw": "2Pet.1.19", "osis": ["2Pet.1.19"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "99", "sort_key": 99, "question": "What is required in the third commandment?", "answer": "We are not to blaspheme or to abuse the Name of God by cursing, perjury, or unnecessary oaths, nor to share in such horrible sins by being silent bystanders. In short, we must use the holy Name of God only with fear and reverence, so that we may rightly confess Him, call upon Him, and praise Him in all our words and works.", "answer_with_proofs": "We are not to blaspheme or to abuse the Name of God by cursing,[1] perjury,[2] or unnecessary oaths,[3] nor to share in such horrible sins by being silent bystanders.[4] In short, we must use the holy Name of God only with fear and reverence,[5] so that we may rightly confess Him,[6] call upon Him,[7] and praise Him in all our words and works.[8]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.24.10-Lev.24.17", "osis": ["Lev.24.10-Lev.24.17"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.19.1", "osis": ["Lev.19.1"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.37", "osis": ["Matt.5.37"]}, {"raw": "Jas.5.12", "osis": ["Jas.5.12"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.5.1", "osis": ["Lev.5.1"]}, {"raw": "Prov.29.24", "osis": ["Prov.29.24"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.99.1-Ps.99.5", "osis": ["Ps.99.1-Ps.99.5"]}, {"raw": "Isa.45.23", "osis": ["Isa.45.23"]}, {"raw": "Jer.4.2", "osis": ["Jer.4.2"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.10.32-Matt.10.33", "osis": ["Matt.10.32-Matt.10.33"]}, {"raw": "Rom.10.9-Rom.10.10", "osis": ["Rom.10.9-Rom.10.10"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.50.14-Ps.50.15", "osis": ["Ps.50.14-Ps.50.15"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.2.8", "osis": ["1Tim.2.8"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.2.24", "osis": ["Rom.2.24"]}, {"raw": "Col.3.17", "osis": ["Col.3.17"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.6.1", "osis": ["1Tim.6.1"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "100", "sort_key": 100, "question": "Is the blaspheming of God's Name by swearing and cursing such a grievous sin that God is angry also with those who do not prevent and forbid it as much as they can?", "answer": "Certainly, for no sin is greater or provokes God's wrath more than the blaspheming of His Name. That is why He commanded it to be punished with death.", "answer_with_proofs": "Certainly,[1] for no sin is greater or provokes God's wrath more than the blaspheming of His Name. That is why He commanded it to be punished with death.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.5.1", "osis": ["Lev.5.1"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.24.16", "osis": ["Lev.24.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "101", "sort_key": 101, "question": "But may we swear an oath by the Name of God in a godly manner?", "answer": "Yes, when the government demands it of its subjects, or when necessity requires it, in order to maintain and promote fidelity and truth, to God's glory and for our neighbour's good. Such oath-taking is based on God's Word and was therefore rightly used by saints in the Old and the New Testament.", "answer_with_proofs": "Yes, when the government demands it of its subjects, or when necessity requires it, in order to maintain and promote fidelity and truth, to God's glory and for our neighbour's good. Such oath-taking is based on God's Word[1] and was therefore rightly used by saints in the Old and the New Testament.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.6.13", "osis": ["Deut.6.13"]}, {"raw": "Deut.10.20", "osis": ["Deut.10.20"]}, {"raw": "Jer.4.1-Jer.4.2", "osis": ["Jer.4.1-Jer.4.2"]}, {"raw": "Heb.6.16", "osis": ["Heb.6.16"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.21.24", "osis": ["Gen.21.24"]}, {"raw": "Gen.31.53", "osis": ["Gen.31.53"]}, {"raw": "Josh.9.15", "osis": ["Josh.9.15"]}, {"raw": "1Sam.24.22", "osis": ["1Sam.24.22"]}, {"raw": "1Kgs.1.29-1Kgs.1.30", "osis": ["1Kgs.1.29-1Kgs.1.30"]}, {"raw": "Rom.1.9", "osis": ["Rom.1.9"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.1.23", "osis": ["2Cor.1.23"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "102", "sort_key": 102, "question": "May we also swear by saints or other creatures?", "answer": "No. A lawful oath is a calling upon God, who alone knows the heart, to bear witness to the truth, and to punish me if I swear falsely. No creature is worthy of such honour.", "answer_with_proofs": "No. A lawful oath is a calling upon God, who alone knows the heart, to bear witness to the truth, and to punish me if I swear falsely.[1] No creature is worthy of such honour.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.9.1", "osis": ["Rom.9.1"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.1.23", "osis": ["2Cor.1.23"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.34-Matt.5.37", "osis": ["Matt.5.34-Matt.5.37"]}, {"raw": "Matt.23.16-Matt.23.22", "osis": ["Matt.23.16-Matt.23.22"]}, {"raw": "Jas.5.12", "osis": ["Jas.5.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "103", "sort_key": 103, "question": "What does God require in the fourth commandment?", "answer": "First, that the ministry of the gospel and the schools be maintained and that, especially on the day of rest, I diligently attend the church of God to hear God's Word, to use the sacraments, to call publicly upon the LORD, and to give Christian offerings for the poor. Second, that all the days of my life I rest from my evil works, let the LORD work in me through His Holy Spirit, and so begin in this life the eternal sabbath.", "answer_with_proofs": "First, that the ministry of the gospel and the schools be maintained[1] and that, especially on the day of rest, I diligently attend the church of God[2] to hear God's Word,[3] to use the sacraments,[4] to call publicly upon the LORD,[5] and to give Christian offerings for the poor.[6] Second, that all the days of my life I rest from my evil works, let the LORD work in me through His Holy Spirit, and so begin in this life the eternal sabbath.[7]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.6.4-Deut.6.9,Deut.6.20-Deut.6.25", "osis": ["Deut.6.4-Deut.6.9", "Deut.6.20-Deut.6.25"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.9.13-1Cor.9.14", "osis": ["1Cor.9.13-1Cor.9.14"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.2.2", "osis": ["2Tim.2.2"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.3.13-2Tim.3.17", "osis": ["2Tim.3.13-2Tim.3.17"]}, {"raw": "Titus.1.5", "osis": ["Titus.1.5"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.12.5-Deut.12.12", "osis": ["Deut.12.5-Deut.12.12"]}, {"raw": "Ps.40.9-Ps.40.10", "osis": ["Ps.40.9-Ps.40.10"]}, {"raw": "Ps.68.26", "osis": ["Ps.68.26"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.42-Acts.2.47", "osis": ["Acts.2.42-Acts.2.47"]}, {"raw": "Heb.10.23-Heb.10.25", "osis": ["Heb.10.23-Heb.10.25"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.10.14-Rom.10.17", "osis": ["Rom.10.14-Rom.10.17"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.14.26-1Cor.14.33", "osis": ["1Cor.14.26-1Cor.14.33"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.4.13", "osis": ["1Tim.4.13"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.24", "osis": ["1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.24"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Col.3.16", "osis": ["Col.3.16"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.2.1", "osis": ["1Tim.2.1"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.50.14", "osis": ["Ps.50.14"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.16.2", "osis": ["1Cor.16.2"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.8-2Cor.9", "osis": ["2Cor.8-2Cor.9"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.66.23", "osis": ["Isa.66.23"]}, {"raw": "Heb.4.9-Heb.4.11", "osis": ["Heb.4.9-Heb.4.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "104", "sort_key": 104, "question": "What does God require in the fifth commandment?", "answer": "That I show all honour, love, and faithfulness to my father and mother and to all those in authority over me, submit myself with due obedience to their good instruction and discipline, and also have patience with their weaknesses and shortcomings, since it is God's will to govern us by their hand.", "answer_with_proofs": "That I show all honour, love, and faithfulness to my father and mother and to all those in authority over me, submit myself with due obedience to their good instruction and discipline,[1] and also have patience with their weaknesses and shortcomings,[2] since it is God's will to govern us by their hand.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.21.17", "osis": ["Exod.21.17"]}, {"raw": "Prov.1.8", "osis": ["Prov.1.8"]}, {"raw": "Prov.4.1", "osis": ["Prov.4.1"]}, {"raw": "Rom.13.1-Rom.13.2", "osis": ["Rom.13.1-Rom.13.2"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.21-Eph.5.22", "osis": ["Eph.5.21-Eph.5.22"]}, {"raw": "Eph.6.1-Eph.6.9", "osis": ["Eph.6.1-Eph.6.9"]}, {"raw": "Col.3.18-Col.4.1", "osis": ["Col.3.18-Col.4.1"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.20.20", "osis": ["Prov.20.20"]}, {"raw": "Prov.23.22", "osis": ["Prov.23.22"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.2.18", "osis": ["1Pet.2.18"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.22.21,Rom.13.1-Rom.13.8", "osis": ["Matt.22.21", "Rom.13.1-Rom.13.8"]}, {"raw": "Eph.6.1-Eph.6.9", "osis": ["Eph.6.1-Eph.6.9"]}, {"raw": "Col.3.18-Col.3.21", "osis": ["Col.3.18-Col.3.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "105", "sort_key": 105, "question": "What does God require in the sixth commandment?", "answer": "I am not to dishonour, hate, injure, or kill my neighbour by thoughts, words, or gestures, and much less by deeds, whether personally or through another; rather, I am to put away all desire of revenge. Moreover, I am not to harm or recklessly endanger myself. Therefore, also, the government bears the sword to prevent murder.", "answer_with_proofs": "I am not to dishonour, hate, injure, or kill my neighbour by thoughts, words, or gestures, and much less by deeds, whether personally or through another;[1] rather, I am to put away all desire of revenge.[2] Moreover, I am not to harm or recklessly endanger myself.[3] Therefore, also, the government bears the sword to prevent murder.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.9.6", "osis": ["Gen.9.6"]}, {"raw": "Lev.19.17-Lev.19.18", "osis": ["Lev.19.17-Lev.19.18"]}, {"raw": "Matt.5.21-Matt.5.22", "osis": ["Matt.5.21-Matt.5.22"]}, {"raw": "Matt.26.52", "osis": ["Matt.26.52"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.25.21-Prov.25.22", "osis": ["Prov.25.21-Prov.25.22"]}, {"raw": "Matt.18.35", "osis": ["Matt.18.35"]}, {"raw": "Rom.12.19", "osis": ["Rom.12.19"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.26", "osis": ["Eph.4.26"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.4.7", "osis": ["Matt.4.7"]}, {"raw": "Matt.26.52", "osis": ["Matt.26.52"]}, {"raw": "Rom.13.11-Rom.13.14", "osis": ["Rom.13.11-Rom.13.14"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.9.6", "osis": ["Gen.9.6"]}, {"raw": "Exod.21.14", "osis": ["Exod.21.14"]}, {"raw": "Rom.13.4", "osis": ["Rom.13.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "106", "sort_key": 106, "question": "But does this commandment speak only of killing?", "answer": "By forbidding murder God teaches us that He hates the root of murder, such as envy, hatred, anger, and desire of revenge, and that He regards all these as murder.", "answer_with_proofs": "By forbidding murder God teaches us that He hates the root of murder, such as envy, hatred, anger, and desire of revenge,[1] and that He regards all these as murder.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.14.30", "osis": ["Prov.14.30"]}, {"raw": "Rom.1.29", "osis": ["Rom.1.29"]}, {"raw": "Rom.12.19", "osis": ["Rom.12.19"]}, {"raw": "Gal.5.19-Gal.5.21", "osis": ["Gal.5.19-Gal.5.21"]}, {"raw": "Jas.1.20", "osis": ["Jas.1.20"]}, {"raw": "1John.2.9-1John.2.11", "osis": ["1John.2.9-1John.2.11"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1John.3.15", "osis": ["1John.3.15"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "107", "sort_key": 107, "question": "Is it enough, then, that we do not kill our neighbour in any such way?", "answer": "No. When God condemns envy, hatred, and anger, He commands us to love our neighbour as ourselves, to show patience, peace, gentleness, mercy, and friendliness toward him, to protect him from harm as much as we can, and to do good even to our enemies.", "answer_with_proofs": "No. When God condemns envy, hatred, and anger, He commands us to love our neighbour as ourselves,[1] to show patience, peace, gentleness, mercy, and friendliness toward him,[2] to protect him from harm as much as we can, and to do good even to our enemies.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.7.12", "osis": ["Matt.7.12"]}, {"raw": "Matt.22.39", "osis": ["Matt.22.39"]}, {"raw": "Rom.12.10", "osis": ["Rom.12.10"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.5", "osis": ["Matt.5.5"]}, {"raw": "Luke.6.36", "osis": ["Luke.6.36"]}, {"raw": "Rom.12.10,Rom.12.18", "osis": ["Rom.12.10", "Rom.12.18"]}, {"raw": "Gal.6.1-Gal.6.2", "osis": ["Gal.6.1-Gal.6.2"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.2", "osis": ["Eph.4.2"]}, {"raw": "Col.3.12", "osis": ["Col.3.12"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.3.8", "osis": ["1Pet.3.8"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.23.4-Exod.23.5", "osis": ["Exod.23.4-Exod.23.5"]}, {"raw": "Matt.5.44-Matt.5.45", "osis": ["Matt.5.44-Matt.5.45"]}, {"raw": "Rom.12.20", "osis": ["Rom.12.20"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "108", "sort_key": 108, "question": "What does the seventh commandment teach us?", "answer": "That all unchastity is cursed by God. We must therefore detest it from the heart and live chaste and disciplined lives, both within and outside of holy marriage.", "answer_with_proofs": "That all unchastity is cursed by God.[1] We must therefore detest it from the heart[2] and live chaste and disciplined lives, both within and outside of holy marriage.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.18.30", "osis": ["Lev.18.30"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.3-Eph.5.5", "osis": ["Eph.5.3-Eph.5.5"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Jude.1.22-Jude.1.23", "osis": ["Jude.1.22-Jude.1.23"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.7.1-1Cor.7.9", "osis": ["1Cor.7.1-1Cor.7.9"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.4.3-1Thess.4.8", "osis": ["1Thess.4.3-1Thess.4.8"]}, {"raw": "Heb.13.4", "osis": ["Heb.13.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "109", "sort_key": 109, "question": "Does God in this commandment forbid nothing more than adultery and similar shameful sins?", "answer": "Since we, body and soul, are temples of the Holy Spirit, it is God's will that we keep ourselves pure and holy. Therefore He forbids all unchaste acts, gestures, words, thoughts, desires, and whatever may entice us to unchastity.", "answer_with_proofs": "Since we, body and soul, are temples of the Holy Spirit, it is God's will that we keep ourselves pure and holy. Therefore He forbids all unchaste acts, gestures, words, thoughts, desires,[1] and whatever may entice us to unchastity.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.27-Matt.5.29", "osis": ["Matt.5.27-Matt.5.29"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.6.18-1Cor.6.20", "osis": ["1Cor.6.18-1Cor.6.20"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.3-Eph.5.4", "osis": ["Eph.5.3-Eph.5.4"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.33", "osis": ["1Cor.15.33"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.18", "osis": ["Eph.5.18"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "110", "sort_key": 110, "question": "What does God forbid in the eighth commandment?", "answer": "God forbids not only outright theft and robbery but also such wicked schemes and devices as false weights and measures, deceptive merchandising, counterfeit money, and usury; we must not defraud our neighbour in any way, whether by force or by show of right. In addition God forbids all greed and all abuse or squandering of His gifts.", "answer_with_proofs": "God forbids not only outright theft and robbery[1] but also such wicked schemes and devices as false weights and measures, deceptive merchandising, counterfeit money, and usury;[2] we must not defraud our neighbour in any way, whether by force or by show of right.[3] In addition God forbids all greed[4] and all abuse or squandering of His gifts.[5]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.22.1", "osis": ["Exod.22.1"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.5.9-1Cor.5.10", "osis": ["1Cor.5.9-1Cor.5.10"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.6.9-1Cor.6.10", "osis": ["1Cor.6.9-1Cor.6.10"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.25.13-Deut.25.16", "osis": ["Deut.25.13-Deut.25.16"]}, {"raw": "Ps.15.5", "osis": ["Ps.15.5"]}, {"raw": "Prov.11.1", "osis": ["Prov.11.1"]}, {"raw": "Prov.12.22", "osis": ["Prov.12.22"]}, {"raw": "Ezek.45.9-Ezek.45.12", "osis": ["Ezek.45.9-Ezek.45.12"]}, {"raw": "Luke.6.35", "osis": ["Luke.6.35"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Mic.6.9-Mic.6.11", "osis": ["Mic.6.9-Mic.6.11"]}, {"raw": "Luke.3.14", "osis": ["Luke.3.14"]}, {"raw": "Jas.5.1-Jas.5.6", "osis": ["Jas.5.1-Jas.5.6"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.12.15", "osis": ["Luke.12.15"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.5", "osis": ["Eph.5.5"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.21.20", "osis": ["Prov.21.20"]}, {"raw": "Prov.23.20-Prov.23.21", "osis": ["Prov.23.20-Prov.23.21"]}, {"raw": "Luke.16.10-Luke.16.13", "osis": ["Luke.16.10-Luke.16.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "111", "sort_key": 111, "question": "What does God require of you in this commandment?", "answer": "I must promote my neighbour's good wherever I can and may, deal with him as I would like others to deal with me, and work faithfully so that I may be able to give to those in need.", "answer_with_proofs": "I must promote my neighbour's good wherever I can and may, deal with him as I would like others to deal with me, and work faithfully so that I may be able to give to those in need.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.58.5-Isa.58.10", "osis": ["Isa.58.5-Isa.58.10"]}, {"raw": "Matt.7.12", "osis": ["Matt.7.12"]}, {"raw": "Gal.6.9-Gal.6.10", "osis": ["Gal.6.9-Gal.6.10"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.28", "osis": ["Eph.4.28"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "112", "sort_key": 112, "question": "What is required in the ninth commandment?", "answer": "I must not give false testimony against anyone, twist no one's words, not gossip or slander, nor condemn or join in condemning anyone rashly and unheard. Rather, I must avoid all lying and deceit as the devil's own works, under penalty of God's heavy wrath. In court and everywhere else, I must love the truth, speak and confess it honestly, and do what I can to defend and promote my neighbour's honour and reputation.", "answer_with_proofs": "I must not give false testimony against anyone, twist no one's words, not gossip or slander, nor condemn or join in condemning anyone rashly and unheard.[1] Rather, I must avoid all lying and deceit as the devil's own works, under penalty of God's heavy wrath.[2] In court and everywhere else, I must love the truth,[3] speak and confess it honestly, and do what I can to defend and promote my neighbour's honour and reputation.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.15", "osis": ["Ps.15"]}, {"raw": "Prov.19.5,Prov.19.9", "osis": ["Prov.19.5", "Prov.19.9"]}, {"raw": "Prov.21.28", "osis": ["Prov.21.28"]}, {"raw": "Matt.7.1", "osis": ["Matt.7.1"]}, {"raw": "Luke.6.37", "osis": ["Luke.6.37"]}, {"raw": "Rom.1.28-Rom.1.32", "osis": ["Rom.1.28-Rom.1.32"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.19.11-Lev.19.12", "osis": ["Lev.19.11-Lev.19.12"]}, {"raw": "Prov.12.22", "osis": ["Prov.12.22"]}, {"raw": "Prov.13.5", "osis": ["Prov.13.5"]}, {"raw": "John.8.44", "osis": ["John.8.44"]}, {"raw": "Rev.21.8", "osis": ["Rev.21.8"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.13.6", "osis": ["1Cor.13.6"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.25", "osis": ["Eph.4.25"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.3.8-1Pet.3.9", "osis": ["1Pet.3.8-1Pet.3.9"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.4.8", "osis": ["1Pet.4.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "113", "sort_key": 113, "question": "What does the tenth commandment require of us?", "answer": "That not even the slightest thought or desire contrary to any of God's commandments should ever arise in our heart. Rather, we should always hate all sin with all our heart, and delight in all righteousness.", "answer_with_proofs": "That not even the slightest thought or desire contrary to any of God's commandments should ever arise in our heart. Rather, we should always hate all sin with all our heart, and delight in all righteousness.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.19.7-Ps.19.14", "osis": ["Ps.19.7-Ps.19.14"]}, {"raw": "Ps.139.23-Ps.139.24", "osis": ["Ps.139.23-Ps.139.24"]}, {"raw": "Rom.7.7-Rom.7.8", "osis": ["Rom.7.7-Rom.7.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "114", "sort_key": 114, "question": "But can those converted to God keep these commandments perfectly?", "answer": "No. In this life even the holiest have only a small beginning of this obedience. Nevertheless, with earnest purpose they do begin to live not only according to some but to all the commandments of God.", "answer_with_proofs": "No. In this life even the holiest have only a small beginning of this obedience.[1] Nevertheless, with earnest purpose they do begin to live not only according to some but to all the commandments of God.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eccl.7.20", "osis": ["Eccl.7.20"]}, {"raw": "Rom.7.14-Rom.7.15", "osis": ["Rom.7.14-Rom.7.15"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.13.9", "osis": ["1Cor.13.9"]}, {"raw": "1John.1.8", "osis": ["1John.1.8"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.1.1-Ps.1.2", "osis": ["Ps.1.1-Ps.1.2"]}, {"raw": "Rom.7.22-Rom.7.25", "osis": ["Rom.7.22-Rom.7.25"]}, {"raw": "Phil.3.12-Phil.3.16", "osis": ["Phil.3.12-Phil.3.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "115", "sort_key": 115, "question": "If in this life no one can keep the ten commandments perfectly, why does God have them preached so strictly?", "answer": "First, that throughout our life we may more and more become aware of our sinful nature, and therefore seek more eagerly the forgiveness of sins and righteousness in Christ. Second, that we may be zealous for good deeds and constantly pray to God for the grace of the Holy Spirit, that He may more and more renew us after God's image, until after this life we reach the goal of perfection.", "answer_with_proofs": "First, that throughout our life we may more and more become aware of our sinful nature, and therefore seek more eagerly the forgiveness of sins and righteousness in Christ.[1] Second, that we may be zealous for good deeds and constantly pray to God for the grace of the Holy Spirit, that He may more and more renew us after God's image, until after this life we reach the goal of perfection.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.32.5", "osis": ["Ps.32.5"]}, {"raw": "Rom.3.19-Rom.3.26", "osis": ["Rom.3.19-Rom.3.26"]}, {"raw": "Rom.7.7,Rom.7.24-Rom.7.25", "osis": ["Rom.7.7", "Rom.7.24-Rom.7.25"]}, {"raw": "1John.1.9", "osis": ["1John.1.9"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.9.24", "osis": ["1Cor.9.24"]}, {"raw": "Phil.3.12-Phil.3.14", "osis": ["Phil.3.12-Phil.3.14"]}, {"raw": "1John.3.1-1John.3.3", "osis": ["1John.3.1-1John.3.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "116", "sort_key": 116, "question": "Why is prayer necessary for Christians?", "answer": "Because prayer is the most important part of the thankfulness which God requires of us. Moreover, God will give His grace and the Holy Spirit only to those who constantly and with heartfelt longing ask Him for these gifts and thank Him for them.", "answer_with_proofs": "Because prayer is the most important part of the thankfulness which God requires of us.[1] Moreover, God will give His grace and the Holy Spirit only to those who constantly and with heartfelt longing ask Him for these gifts and thank Him for them.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.50.14-Ps.50.15", "osis": ["Ps.50.14-Ps.50.15"]}, {"raw": "Ps.116.12-Ps.116.19", "osis": ["Ps.116.12-Ps.116.19"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.5.16-1Thess.5.18", "osis": ["1Thess.5.16-1Thess.5.18"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.7.7-Matt.7.8", "osis": ["Matt.7.7-Matt.7.8"]}, {"raw": "Luke.11.9-Luke.11.13", "osis": ["Luke.11.9-Luke.11.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "117", "sort_key": 117, "question": "What belongs to a prayer which pleases God and is heard by Him?", "answer": "First, we must from the heart call upon the one true God only, who has revealed Himself in His Word, for all that He has commanded us to pray. Second, we must thoroughly know our need and misery, so that we may humble ourselves before God. Third, we must rest on this firm foundation that, although we do not deserve it, God will certainly hear our prayer for the sake of Christ our Lord, as He has promised us in His Word.", "answer_with_proofs": "First, we must from the heart call upon the one true God only, who has revealed Himself in His Word, for all that He has commanded us to pray.[1] Second, we must thoroughly know our need and misery, so that we may humble ourselves before God.[2] Third, we must rest on this firm foundation that, although we do not deserve it, God will certainly hear our prayer for the sake of Christ our Lord, as He has promised us in His Word.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.145.18-Ps.145.20", "osis": ["Ps.145.18-Ps.145.20"]}, {"raw": "John.4.22-John.4.24", "osis": ["John.4.22-John.4.24"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.26-Rom.8.27", "osis": ["Rom.8.26-Rom.8.27"]}, {"raw": "Jas.1.5", "osis": ["Jas.1.5"]}, {"raw": "1John.5.14-1John.5.15", "osis": ["1John.5.14-1John.5.15"]}, {"raw": "Rev.19.10", "osis": ["Rev.19.10"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Chr.7.14", "osis": ["2Chr.7.14"]}, {"raw": "2Chr.20.12", "osis": ["2Chr.20.12"]}, {"raw": "Ps.2.11", "osis": ["Ps.2.11"]}, {"raw": "Ps.34.18", "osis": ["Ps.34.18"]}, {"raw": "Ps.62.8", "osis": ["Ps.62.8"]}, {"raw": "Isa.66.2", "osis": ["Isa.66.2"]}, {"raw": "Rev.4", "osis": ["Rev.4"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Dan.9.17-Dan.9.19", "osis": ["Dan.9.17-Dan.9.19"]}, {"raw": "Matt.7.8", "osis": ["Matt.7.8"]}, {"raw": "John.14.13-John.14.14", "osis": ["John.14.13-John.14.14"]}, {"raw": "John.16.23", "osis": ["John.16.23"]}, {"raw": "Rom.10.13", "osis": ["Rom.10.13"]}, {"raw": "Jas.1.6", "osis": ["Jas.1.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "118", "sort_key": 118, "question": "What has God commanded us to ask of Him?", "answer": "All the things we need for body and soul, as included in the prayer which Christ our Lord Himself taught us.", "answer_with_proofs": "All the things we need for body and soul,[1] as included in the prayer which Christ our Lord Himself taught us.", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.33", "osis": ["Matt.6.33"]}, {"raw": "Jas.1.17", "osis": ["Jas.1.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "119", "sort_key": 119, "question": "What is the Lord's prayer?", "answer": "Our Father who art in heaven, Hallowed be Thy Name. Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done, On earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread; And forgive us our debts, As we also have forgiven our debtors; And lead us not into temptation, But deliver us from the evil one. For Thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen.", "answer_with_proofs": "Our Father who art in heaven, Hallowed be Thy Name. Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done, On earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread; And forgive us our debts, As we also have forgiven our debtors; And lead us not into temptation, But deliver us from the evil one. For Thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.9-Matt.6.13", "osis": ["Matt.6.9-Matt.6.13"]}, {"raw": "Luke.11.2-Luke.11.4", "osis": ["Luke.11.2-Luke.11.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "120", "sort_key": 120, "question": "Why has Christ commanded us to address God as Our Father?", "answer": "To awaken in us at the very beginning of our prayer that childlike reverence and trust toward God which should be basic to our prayer: God has become our Father through Christ and will much less deny us what we ask of Him in faith than our fathers would refuse us earthly things.", "answer_with_proofs": "To awaken in us at the very beginning of our prayer that childlike reverence and trust toward God which should be basic to our prayer: God has become our Father through Christ and will much less deny us what we ask of Him in faith than our fathers would refuse us earthly things.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.7.9-Matt.7.11", "osis": ["Matt.7.9-Matt.7.11"]}, {"raw": "Luke.11.11-Luke.11.13", "osis": ["Luke.11.11-Luke.11.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "121", "sort_key": 121, "question": "Why is there added, Who art in heaven?", "answer": "These words teach us not to think of God's heavenly majesty in an earthly manner,  and to expect from His almighty power all things we need for body and soul.", "answer_with_proofs": "These words teach us not to think of God's heavenly majesty in an earthly manner, [1] and to expect from His almighty power all things we need for body and soul. [2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.23.23-Jer.23.24", "osis": ["Jer.23.23-Jer.23.24"]}, {"raw": "Acts.17.24-Acts.17.25", "osis": ["Acts.17.24-Acts.17.25"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.25-Matt.6.34", "osis": ["Matt.6.25-Matt.6.34"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.31-Rom.8.32", "osis": ["Rom.8.31-Rom.8.32"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "122", "sort_key": 122, "question": "What is the first petition?", "answer": "Hallowed be Thy Name. That is: Grant us first of all that we may rightly know Thee, and sanctify, glorify, and praise Thee in all Thy works, in which shine forth Thy almighty power, wisdom, goodness, righteousness, mercy, and truth. Grant us also that we may so direct our whole life-- our thoughts, words, and actions-- that Thy Name is not blasphemed because of us but always honoured and praised.", "answer_with_proofs": "Hallowed be Thy Name. That is: Grant us first of all that we may rightly know Thee,[1] and sanctify, glorify, and praise Thee in all Thy works, in which shine forth Thy almighty power, wisdom, goodness, righteousness, mercy, and truth.[2] Grant us also that we may so direct our whole life-- our thoughts, words, and actions-- that Thy Name is not blasphemed because of us but always honoured and praised.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.9.23-Jer.9.24", "osis": ["Jer.9.23-Jer.9.24"]}, {"raw": "Jer.31.33-Jer.31.34", "osis": ["Jer.31.33-Jer.31.34"]}, {"raw": "Matt.16.17", "osis": ["Matt.16.17"]}, {"raw": "John.17.3", "osis": ["John.17.3"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.34.5-Exod.34.8", "osis": ["Exod.34.5-Exod.34.8"]}, {"raw": "Ps.145", "osis": ["Ps.145"]}, {"raw": "Jer.32.16-Jer.32.20", "osis": ["Jer.32.16-Jer.32.20"]}, {"raw": "Luke.1.46-Luke.1.55,Luke.1.68-Luke.1.75", "osis": ["Luke.1.46-Luke.1.55", "Luke.1.68-Luke.1.75"]}, {"raw": "Rom.11.33-Rom.11.36", "osis": ["Rom.11.33-Rom.11.36"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.115.1", "osis": ["Ps.115.1"]}, {"raw": "Matt.5.16", "osis": ["Matt.5.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "123", "sort_key": 123, "question": "What is the second petition?", "answer": "Thy kingdom come. That is: So rule us by Thy Word and Spirit that more and more we submit to Thee. Preserve and increase Thy church. Destroy the works of the devil, every power that raises itself against Thee, and every conspiracy against Thy holy Word. Do all this until the fulness of Thy kingdom comes, wherein Thou shalt be all in all.", "answer_with_proofs": "Thy kingdom come. That is: So rule us by Thy Word and Spirit that more and more we submit to Thee.[1] Preserve and increase Thy church.[2] Destroy the works of the devil, every power that raises itself against Thee, and every conspiracy against Thy holy Word.[3] Do all this until the fulness of Thy kingdom comes, wherein Thou shalt be all in all.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.119.5,Ps.119.105", "osis": ["Ps.119.5", "Ps.119.105"]}, {"raw": "Ps.143.10", "osis": ["Ps.143.10"]}, {"raw": "Matt.6.33", "osis": ["Matt.6.33"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.51.18", "osis": ["Ps.51.18"]}, {"raw": "Ps.122.6-Ps.122.9", "osis": ["Ps.122.6-Ps.122.9"]}, {"raw": "Matt.16.18", "osis": ["Matt.16.18"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.42-Acts.2.47", "osis": ["Acts.2.42-Acts.2.47"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.16.20", "osis": ["Rom.16.20"]}, {"raw": "1John.3.8", "osis": ["1John.3.8"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.22-Rom.8.23", "osis": ["Rom.8.22-Rom.8.23"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.15.28", "osis": ["1Cor.15.28"]}, {"raw": "Rev.22.17,Rev.22.20", "osis": ["Rev.22.17", "Rev.22.20"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "124", "sort_key": 124, "question": "What is the third petition?", "answer": "Thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven. That is: Grant that we and all men may deny our own will, and without any murmuring obey Thy will, for it alone is good. Grant also that everyone may carry out the duties of his office and calling as willingly and faithfully as the angels in heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": "Thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven. That is: Grant that we and all men may deny our own will, and without any murmuring obey Thy will, for it alone is good.[1] Grant also that everyone may carry out the duties of his office and calling[2] as willingly and faithfully as the angels in heaven.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.7.21", "osis": ["Matt.7.21"]}, {"raw": "Matt.16.24-Matt.16.26", "osis": ["Matt.16.24-Matt.16.26"]}, {"raw": "Luke.22.42", "osis": ["Luke.22.42"]}, {"raw": "Rom.12.1-Rom.12.2", "osis": ["Rom.12.1-Rom.12.2"]}, {"raw": "Titus.2.11-Titus.2.12", "osis": ["Titus.2.11-Titus.2.12"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.7.17-1Cor.7.24", "osis": ["1Cor.7.17-1Cor.7.24"]}, {"raw": "Eph.6.5-Eph.6.9", "osis": ["Eph.6.5-Eph.6.9"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.103.20-Ps.103.21", "osis": ["Ps.103.20-Ps.103.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "125", "sort_key": 125, "question": "What is the fourth petition?", "answer": "Give us this day our daily bread. That is: Provide us with all our bodily needs so that we may acknowledge that Thou art the only fountain of all good, and that our care and labour, and also Thy gifts, cannot do us any good without Thy blessing. Grant therefore that we may withdraw our trust from all creatures, and place it only in Thee.", "answer_with_proofs": "Give us this day our daily bread. That is: Provide us with all our bodily needs[1] so that we may acknowledge that Thou art the only fountain of all good,[2] and that our care and labour, and also Thy gifts, cannot do us any good without Thy blessing.[3] Grant therefore that we may withdraw our trust from all creatures, and place it only in Thee.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.104.27-Ps.104.30", "osis": ["Ps.104.27-Ps.104.30"]}, {"raw": "Ps.145.15-Ps.145.16", "osis": ["Ps.145.15-Ps.145.16"]}, {"raw": "Matt.6.25-Matt.6.34", "osis": ["Matt.6.25-Matt.6.34"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.14.17", "osis": ["Acts.14.17"]}, {"raw": "Acts.17.25", "osis": ["Acts.17.25"]}, {"raw": "Jas.1.17", "osis": ["Jas.1.17"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.8.3", "osis": ["Deut.8.3"]}, {"raw": "Ps.37.16", "osis": ["Ps.37.16"]}, {"raw": "Ps.127.1-Ps.127.2", "osis": ["Ps.127.1-Ps.127.2"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.15.58", "osis": ["1Cor.15.58"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.55.22", "osis": ["Ps.55.22"]}, {"raw": "Ps.62.11", "osis": ["Ps.62.11"]}, {"raw": "Ps.146", "osis": ["Ps.146"]}, {"raw": "Jer.17.5-Jer.17.8", "osis": ["Jer.17.5-Jer.17.8"]}, {"raw": "Heb.13.5-Heb.13.6", "osis": ["Heb.13.5-Heb.13.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "126", "sort_key": 126, "question": "What is the fifth petition?", "answer": "And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. That is: For the sake of Christ's blood, do not impute to us, wretched sinners; any of our transgressions, nor the evil which still clings to us, as we also find this evidence of Thy grace in us that we are fully determined wholeheartedly to forgive our neighbor.", "answer_with_proofs": "And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. That is: For the sake of Christ's blood, do not impute to us, wretched sinners; any of our transgressions, nor the evil which still clings to us,[1] as we also find this evidence of Thy grace in us that we are fully determined wholeheartedly to forgive our neighbor.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.51.1-Ps.51.7", "osis": ["Ps.51.1-Ps.51.7"]}, {"raw": "Ps.143.2", "osis": ["Ps.143.2"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.1", "osis": ["Rom.8.1"]}, {"raw": "1John.2.1-1John.2.2", "osis": ["1John.2.1-1John.2.2"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.14-Matt.6.15", "osis": ["Matt.6.14-Matt.6.15"]}, {"raw": "Matt.18.21-Matt.18.35", "osis": ["Matt.18.21-Matt.18.35"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "127", "sort_key": 127, "question": "What is the sixth petition?", "answer": "And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one. That is: In ourselves we are so weak that we cannot stand even for a moment. Moreover, our sworn enemies-- the devil, the world, and our own flesh-- do not cease to attack us. Wilt Thou, therefore, uphold and strengthen us by the power of Thy Holy Spirit, so that in this spiritual war we may not go down to defeat, but always firmly resist our enemies, until we finally obtain the complete victory.", "answer_with_proofs": "And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one. That is: In ourselves we are so weak that we cannot stand even for a moment.[1] Moreover, our sworn enemies-- the devil,[2] the world,[3] and our own flesh[4]-- do not cease to attack us. Wilt Thou, therefore, uphold and strengthen us by the power of Thy Holy Spirit, so that in this spiritual war[5] we may not go down to defeat, but always firmly resist our enemies, until we finally obtain the complete victory.[6]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.103.14-Ps.103.16", "osis": ["Ps.103.14-Ps.103.16"]}, {"raw": "John.15.1-John.15.5", "osis": ["John.15.1-John.15.5"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.11.14", "osis": ["2Cor.11.14"]}, {"raw": "Eph.6.10-Eph.6.13", "osis": ["Eph.6.10-Eph.6.13"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.5.8", "osis": ["1Pet.5.8"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "John.15.18-John.15.21", "osis": ["John.15.18-John.15.21"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.7.23", "osis": ["Rom.7.23"]}, {"raw": "Gal.5.17", "osis": ["Gal.5.17"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.10.19-Matt.10.20", "osis": ["Matt.10.19-Matt.10.20"]}, {"raw": "Matt.26.41", "osis": ["Matt.26.41"]}, {"raw": "Mark.13.33", "osis": ["Mark.13.33"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.3-Rom.5.5", "osis": ["Rom.5.3-Rom.5.5"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.13", "osis": ["1Cor.10.13"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.3.13", "osis": ["1Thess.3.13"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.5.23", "osis": ["1Thess.5.23"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "128", "sort_key": 128, "question": "How do you conclude your prayer?", "answer": "For Thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. That is: All this we ask of Thee because, as our King, having power over all things, Thou art both willing and able to give us all that is good, and because not we but Thy holy Name should so receive all glory for ever.", "answer_with_proofs": "For Thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. That is: All this we ask of Thee because, as our King, having power over all things, Thou art both willing and able to give us all that is good,[1] and because not we but Thy holy Name should so receive all glory for ever.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.10.11-Rom.10.13", "osis": ["Rom.10.11-Rom.10.13"]}, {"raw": "2Pet.2.9", "osis": ["2Pet.2.9"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.115.1", "osis": ["Ps.115.1"]}, {"raw": "Jer.33.8-Jer.33.9", "osis": ["Jer.33.8-Jer.33.9"]}, {"raw": "John.14.13", "osis": ["John.14.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "_source_title": "Heidelberg Catechism", "_author": "Zacharias Ursinus", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://apostles-creed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Heidelberg-Catechism-with-Intro.pdf", "document_id": "heidelberg-catechism", "item_id": "129", "sort_key": 129, "question": "What does the word Amen mean?", "answer": "Amen means: It is true and certain. For God has much more certainly heard my prayer than I feel in my heart that I desire this of Him.", "answer_with_proofs": "Amen means: It is true and certain. For God has much more certainly heard my prayer than I feel in my heart that I desire this of Him.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.65.24", "osis": ["Isa.65.24"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.1.20", "osis": ["2Cor.1.20"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.2.13", "osis": ["2Tim.2.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "1", "sort_key": 1, "question": "Who is the first and best of beings?", "answer": "God is the first and best of beings.", "answer_with_proofs": "God is the first and best of beings.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.44.6", "osis": ["Isa.44.6"]}, {"raw": "Ps.8.1", "osis": ["Ps.8.1"]}, {"raw": "Ps.97.9", "osis": ["Ps.97.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "2", "sort_key": 2, "question": "What is the chief end of man?", "answer": "Man's chief end is to glorify God and to enjoy Him forever.", "answer_with_proofs": "Man's chief end is to glorify God and to enjoy Him forever.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.31", "osis": ["1Cor.10.31"]}, {"raw": "Ps.73.25-Ps.73.26", "osis": ["Ps.73.25-Ps.73.26"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "3", "sort_key": 3, "question": "How do we know there is a God?", "answer": "The light of nature in man, and the works of God, plainly declare that there is a God; but His Word and Spirit only, do effectually reveal Him unto us for our salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "The light of nature in man, and the works of God, plainly declare that there is a God; but His Word and Spirit only, do effectually reveal Him unto us for our salvation.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.18-Rom.1.20", "osis": ["Rom.1.18-Rom.1.20"]}, {"raw": "Ps.19.1-Ps.19.2", "osis": ["Ps.19.1-Ps.19.2"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.3.15", "osis": ["2Tim.3.15"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.1.21-1Cor.1.24", "osis": ["1Cor.1.21-1Cor.1.24"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.2.9-1Cor.2.10", "osis": ["1Cor.2.9-1Cor.2.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "4", "sort_key": 4, "question": "What is the Word of God?", "answer": "The Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, being given by divine inspiration, are the Word of God, the only infallible rule of faith and practice.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, being given by divine inspiration, are the Word of God, the only infallible rule of faith and practice.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2Pet.1.21", "osis": ["2Pet.1.21"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.3.16-2Tim.3.17", "osis": ["2Tim.3.16-2Tim.3.17"]}, {"raw": "Isa.8.20", "osis": ["Isa.8.20"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "5", "sort_key": 5, "question": "How do we know that the Bible is the Word of God?", "answer": "The Bible evidences itself to be God's Word by the heavenliness of its doctrine, the unity of its parts, its power to convert sinners and to edify saints; but the Spirit of God only, bearing witness by and with the Scriptures in our hearts, is able fully to persuade us that the Bible is the Word of God.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Bible evidences itself to be God's Word by the heavenliness of its doctrine, the unity of its parts, its power to convert sinners and to edify saints; but the Spirit of God only, bearing witness by and with the Scriptures in our hearts, is able fully to persuade us that the Bible is the Word of God.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.2.6-1Cor.2.7,1Cor.2.13", "osis": ["1Cor.2.6-1Cor.2.7", "1Cor.2.13"]}, {"raw": "Ps.119.18,Ps.119.129", "osis": ["Ps.119.18", "Ps.119.129"]}, {"raw": "Acts.10.43,Acts.26.22", "osis": ["Acts.10.43", "Acts.26.22"]}, {"raw": "Acts.18.28", "osis": ["Acts.18.28"]}, {"raw": "Heb.4.12", "osis": ["Heb.4.12"]}, {"raw": "Ps.19.7-Ps.19.9", "osis": ["Ps.19.7-Ps.19.9"]}, {"raw": "Rom.15.4", "osis": ["Rom.15.4"]}, {"raw": "John.16.13-John.16.14", "osis": ["John.16.13-John.16.14"]}, {"raw": "1John.2.20-1John.2.27", "osis": ["1John.2.20-1John.2.27"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.3.14-2Cor.3.17", "osis": ["2Cor.3.14-2Cor.3.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "6", "sort_key": 6, "question": "May all men make use of the Scriptures?", "answer": "All men are not only permitted, but commanded and exhorted, to read, hear, and understand the Scriptures.", "answer_with_proofs": "All men are not only permitted, but commanded and exhorted, to read, hear, and understand the Scriptures.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.5.39", "osis": ["John.5.39"]}, {"raw": "Luke.16.29", "osis": ["Luke.16.29"]}, {"raw": "Acts.8.28-Acts.8.30", "osis": ["Acts.8.28-Acts.8.30"]}, {"raw": "Acts.17.11", "osis": ["Acts.17.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "7", "sort_key": 7, "question": "What do the Scriptures principally teach?", "answer": "The Scriptures principally teach what man is to believe concerning God and what duty God requires of man.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Scriptures principally teach what man is to believe concerning God and what duty God requires of man.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.3.16-2Tim.3.17", "osis": ["2Tim.3.16-2Tim.3.17"]}, {"raw": "John.20.31", "osis": ["John.20.31"]}, {"raw": "Acts.24.14", "osis": ["Acts.24.14"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.10.11", "osis": ["1Cor.10.11"]}, {"raw": "Eccl.12.13", "osis": ["Eccl.12.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "8", "sort_key": 8, "question": "What is God?", "answer": "God is a Spirit, infinite, eternal, and unchangeable in His being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness and truth.", "answer_with_proofs": "God is a Spirit, infinite, eternal, and unchangeable in His being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness and truth.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.4.24", "osis": ["John.4.24"]}, {"raw": "Ps.147.5", "osis": ["Ps.147.5"]}, {"raw": "Ps.90.2", "osis": ["Ps.90.2"]}, {"raw": "Jas.1.17", "osis": ["Jas.1.17"]}, {"raw": "Rev.4.8", "osis": ["Rev.4.8"]}, {"raw": "Ps.89.14", "osis": ["Ps.89.14"]}, {"raw": "Exod.34.6-Exod.34.7", "osis": ["Exod.34.6-Exod.34.7"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.1.17", "osis": ["1Tim.1.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "9", "sort_key": 9, "question": "Are there more gods than one?", "answer": "There is but one only, the living and true God.", "answer_with_proofs": "There is but one only, the living and true God.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.6.4", "osis": ["Deut.6.4"]}, {"raw": "Jer.10.10", "osis": ["Jer.10.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "10", "sort_key": 10, "question": "How many persons are there in the Godhead?", "answer": "There are three persons in the Godhead, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one God, the same in essence, equal in power and glory.", "answer_with_proofs": "There are three persons in the Godhead, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one God, the same in essence, equal in power and glory.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.8.6", "osis": ["1Cor.8.6"]}, {"raw": "John.10.30", "osis": ["John.10.30"]}, {"raw": "John.14.9", "osis": ["John.14.9"]}, {"raw": "Acts.5.3-Acts.5.4", "osis": ["Acts.5.3-Acts.5.4"]}, {"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.13.14", "osis": ["2Cor.13.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "11", "sort_key": 11, "question": "What are the decrees of God?", "answer": "The decrees of God are His eternal purpose, according to the counsel of His will, whereby for His own glory, He has fore-ordained whatsoever comes to pass", "answer_with_proofs": "The decrees of God are His eternal purpose, according to the counsel of His will, whereby for His own glory, He has fore-ordained whatsoever comes to pass[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.11", "osis": ["Eph.1.11"]}, {"raw": "Rom.11.36", "osis": ["Rom.11.36"]}, {"raw": "Dan.4.35", "osis": ["Dan.4.35"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "12", "sort_key": 12, "question": "How does God execute His decrees?", "answer": "God executes His decrees in the works of creation and providence.", "answer_with_proofs": "God executes His decrees in the works of creation and providence.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1.1", "osis": ["Gen.1.1"]}, {"raw": "Rev.4.11", "osis": ["Rev.4.11"]}, {"raw": "Matt.6.26", "osis": ["Matt.6.26"]}, {"raw": "Acts.14.17", "osis": ["Acts.14.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "13", "sort_key": 13, "question": "What is the work of creation?", "answer": "The work of creation is God's making all things of nothing, by the Word of His power, in the space of six days, and all very good.", "answer_with_proofs": "The work of creation is God's making all things of nothing, by the Word of His power, in the space of six days, and all very good.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1.1", "osis": ["Gen.1.1"]}, {"raw": "Heb.11.3", "osis": ["Heb.11.3"]}, {"raw": "Exod.20.11", "osis": ["Exod.20.11"]}, {"raw": "Gen.1.31", "osis": ["Gen.1.31"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "14", "sort_key": 14, "question": "How did God create man?", "answer": "God created man male and female, after His own image, in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness, with dominion over the creatures.", "answer_with_proofs": "God created man male and female, after His own image, in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness, with dominion over the creatures.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1.27", "osis": ["Gen.1.27"]}, {"raw": "Col.3.10", "osis": ["Col.3.10"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.24", "osis": ["Eph.4.24"]}, {"raw": "Gen.1.28", "osis": ["Gen.1.28"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "15", "sort_key": 15, "question": "What are God's works of providence?", "answer": "God's works of providence are His most holy, wise, and powerful preserving and governing all His creatures, and all their actions.", "answer_with_proofs": "God's works of providence are His most holy, wise, and powerful preserving and governing all His creatures, and all their actions.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Neh.9.6", "osis": ["Neh.9.6"]}, {"raw": "Col.1.17", "osis": ["Col.1.17"]}, {"raw": "Heb.1.3", "osis": ["Heb.1.3"]}, {"raw": "Ps.103.19", "osis": ["Ps.103.19"]}, {"raw": "Matt.10.29-Matt.10.30", "osis": ["Matt.10.29-Matt.10.30"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "16", "sort_key": 16, "question": "What special act of providence did God exercise towards man, in the estate wherein he was created?", "answer": "When God had created man, He entered into a covenant of works with him, upon condition of perfect obedience, forbidding him to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, upon pain of death.", "answer_with_proofs": "When God had created man, He entered into a covenant of works with him, upon condition of perfect obedience, forbidding him to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, upon pain of death.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.2.16-Gen.2.17", "osis": ["Gen.2.16-Gen.2.17"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.12", "osis": ["Gal.3.12"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.12", "osis": ["Rom.5.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "17", "sort_key": 17, "question": "Did our first parents continue in the estate wherein they were created?", "answer": "Our first parents, being left to the freedom of their own will, fell from the estate wherein they were created, by sinning against God.", "answer_with_proofs": "Our first parents, being left to the freedom of their own will, fell from the estate wherein they were created, by sinning against God.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.3.6", "osis": ["Gen.3.6"]}, {"raw": "Eccl.7.29", "osis": ["Eccl.7.29"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.12", "osis": ["Rom.5.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "18", "sort_key": 18, "question": "What is sin?", "answer": "Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of, the law of God.", "answer_with_proofs": "Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of, the law of God.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1John.3.4", "osis": ["1John.3.4"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.13", "osis": ["Rom.5.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "19", "sort_key": 19, "question": "What was the sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created?", "answer": "The sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created, was their eating the forbidden fruit.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created, was their eating the forbidden fruit.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.3.6,Gen.3.12-Gen.3.13", "osis": ["Gen.3.6", "Gen.3.12-Gen.3.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "20", "sort_key": 20, "question": "Did all mankind fall in Adam's first transgression?", "answer": "The covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself but for his posterity, all mankind, descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him in his first transgression.", "answer_with_proofs": "The covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself but for his posterity, all mankind, descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him in his first transgression.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.21-1Cor.15.22", "osis": ["1Cor.15.21-1Cor.15.22"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.12,Rom.5.18-Rom.5.19", "osis": ["Rom.5.12", "Rom.5.18-Rom.5.19"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "21", "sort_key": 21, "question": "Into what estate did the fall bring mankind?", "answer": "The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery.", "answer_with_proofs": "The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.51.5", "osis": ["Ps.51.5"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.18-Rom.5.19", "osis": ["Rom.5.18-Rom.5.19"]}, {"raw": "Isa.64.6", "osis": ["Isa.64.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "22", "sort_key": 22, "question": "Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereunto man fell?", "answer": "The sinfulness of that estate whereunto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam's first sin, the want of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called original sin, together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sinfulness of that estate whereunto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam's first sin, the want of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called original sin, together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.19", "osis": ["Rom.5.19"]}, {"raw": "Rom.3.10", "osis": ["Rom.3.10"]}, {"raw": "Eph.2.1", "osis": ["Eph.2.1"]}, {"raw": "Isa.53.6", "osis": ["Isa.53.6"]}, {"raw": "Ps.51.5", "osis": ["Ps.51.5"]}, {"raw": "Matt.15.19", "osis": ["Matt.15.19"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "23", "sort_key": 23, "question": "What is the misery of that estate whereunto man fell?", "answer": "All mankind, by their fall lost communion with God, are under His wrath and curse, and 80 made liable to all the miseries of this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell forever.", "answer_with_proofs": "All mankind, by their fall lost communion with God, are under His wrath and curse, and 80 made liable to all the miseries of this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell forever.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.3.8,Gen.3.24", "osis": ["Gen.3.8", "Gen.3.24"]}, {"raw": "Eph.2.3", "osis": ["Eph.2.3"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.10", "osis": ["Gal.3.10"]}, {"raw": "Rom.6.23", "osis": ["Rom.6.23"]}, {"raw": "Matt.25.41-Matt.25.46", "osis": ["Matt.25.41-Matt.25.46"]}, {"raw": "Ps.9.17", "osis": ["Ps.9.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "24", "sort_key": 24, "question": "Did God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery?", "answer": "God, out of His mere good pleasure, from all eternity, having chosen a people to everlasting life, did enter into a covenant of grace, to deliver them out of the estate of sin and misery, and to bring them into an estate of salvation, by a Redeemer.", "answer_with_proofs": "God, out of His mere good pleasure, from all eternity, having chosen a people to everlasting life, did enter into a covenant of grace, to deliver them out of the estate of sin and misery, and to bring them into an estate of salvation, by a Redeemer.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.3-Eph.1.4", "osis": ["Eph.1.3-Eph.1.4"]}, {"raw": "2Thess.2.13", "osis": ["2Thess.2.13"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.21", "osis": ["Rom.5.21"]}, {"raw": "Acts.13.8", "osis": ["Acts.13.8"]}, {"raw": "Jer.31.33", "osis": ["Jer.31.33"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "25", "sort_key": 25, "question": "Who is the Redeemer of God's elect?", "answer": "The only Redeemer of God's elect is the Lord Jesus Christ, who, being the eternal Son of God, became man, and so was and continues to be God and man, in two distinct natures and one person, forever.", "answer_with_proofs": "The only Redeemer of God's elect is the Lord Jesus Christ, who, being the eternal Son of God, became man, and so was and continues to be God and man, in two distinct natures and one person, forever.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.3.13", "osis": ["Gal.3.13"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.2.5", "osis": ["1Tim.2.5"]}, {"raw": "John.1.14", "osis": ["John.1.14"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.3.16", "osis": ["1Tim.3.16"]}, {"raw": "Rom.9.5", "osis": ["Rom.9.5"]}, {"raw": "Col.2.9", "osis": ["Col.2.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "26", "sort_key": 26, "question": "How did Christ, being the Son of God, become man?", "answer": "Christ, the Son of God became man by taking to himself a true body and a reasonable soul; being conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit in the womb of the Virgin Mary and born of her, yet without sin.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ, the Son of God became man by taking to himself a true body and a reasonable soul; being conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit in the womb of the Virgin Mary and born of her, yet without sin.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.2.14", "osis": ["Heb.2.14"]}, {"raw": "Matt.26.38", "osis": ["Matt.26.38"]}, {"raw": "Luke.2.52", "osis": ["Luke.2.52"]}, {"raw": "John.12.27", "osis": ["John.12.27"]}, {"raw": "Luke.1.31,Luke.1.35", "osis": ["Luke.1.31", "Luke.1.35"]}, {"raw": "Heb.4.15", "osis": ["Heb.4.15"]}, {"raw": "Heb.7.26", "osis": ["Heb.7.26"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "27", "sort_key": 27, "question": "What offices does Christ execute as our Redeemer?", "answer": "Christ, as our Redeemer, executes the offices of a prophet, of a priest, and of a king, both in His estate of humiliation and exaltation.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ, as our Redeemer, executes the offices of a prophet, of a priest, and of a king, both in His estate of humiliation and exaltation.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.3.22", "osis": ["Acts.3.22"]}, {"raw": "Heb.5.6", "osis": ["Heb.5.6"]}, {"raw": "Ps.2.6", "osis": ["Ps.2.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "28", "sort_key": 28, "question": "How does Christ execute the office of a prophet?", "answer": "Christ executes the office of a prophet, in revealing to us, by this Word and Spirit, the will of God for our salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ executes the office of a prophet, in revealing to us, by this Word and Spirit, the will of God for our salvation.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.18", "osis": ["John.1.18"]}, {"raw": "John.14.26", "osis": ["John.14.26"]}, {"raw": "John.15.15", "osis": ["John.15.15"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "29", "sort_key": 29, "question": "How does Christ execute the office of a priest?", "answer": "Christ executes the office of a priest, in His once offering up of Himself, a sacrifice to satisfy divine justice, and reconcile us to God, and in making continual intercession for us.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ executes the office of a priest, in His once offering up of Himself, a sacrifice to satisfy divine justice, and reconcile us to God, and in making continual intercession for us.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.2.24", "osis": ["1Pet.2.24"]}, {"raw": "Heb.9.28", "osis": ["Heb.9.28"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.2", "osis": ["Eph.5.2"]}, {"raw": "Heb.2.17", "osis": ["Heb.2.17"]}, {"raw": "Heb.7.25", "osis": ["Heb.7.25"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.34", "osis": ["Rom.8.34"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "30", "sort_key": 30, "question": "How does Christ execute the office of a king?", "answer": "Christ executes the office of a king, in subduing us to Himself, in ruling and defending us, and in restraining and conquering all His and our enemies.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ executes the office of a king, in subduing us to Himself, in ruling and defending us, and in restraining and conquering all His and our enemies.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.110.3", "osis": ["Ps.110.3"]}, {"raw": "Matt.2.6", "osis": ["Matt.2.6"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.15.25", "osis": ["1Cor.15.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "31", "sort_key": 31, "question": "Wherein did Christ's humiliation consist?", "answer": "Christ's humiliation consisted in His being born, and that in a low condition, made under the law, undergoing the miseries of this life, the wrath of God, and the cursed death of the cross, in being buried, and continuing under the power of death for a time.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ's humiliation consisted in His being born, and that in a low condition, made under the law, undergoing the miseries of this life, the wrath of God, and the cursed death of the cross, in being buried, and continuing under the power of death for a time.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.2.7", "osis": ["Luke.2.7"]}, {"raw": "Gal.4.4", "osis": ["Gal.4.4"]}, {"raw": "Isa.53.3", "osis": ["Isa.53.3"]}, {"raw": "Luke.22.44", "osis": ["Luke.22.44"]}, {"raw": "Matt.27.46", "osis": ["Matt.27.46"]}, {"raw": "Phil.2.8", "osis": ["Phil.2.8"]}, {"raw": "Matt.12.40", "osis": ["Matt.12.40"]}, {"raw": "Mark.15.45-Mark.15.46", "osis": ["Mark.15.45-Mark.15.46"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "32", "sort_key": 32, "question": "Wherein consists Christ's exaltation?", "answer": "Christ's exaltation consists in His rising again from the dead on the third day, in ascending up into heaven, in sitting at the right hand of God the Father, and in coming to judge the world at the last day.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ's exaltation consists in His rising again from the dead on the third day, in ascending up into heaven, in sitting at the right hand of God the Father, and in coming to judge the world at the last day.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.4", "osis": ["1Cor.15.4"]}, {"raw": "Acts.1.11", "osis": ["Acts.1.11"]}, {"raw": "Mark.16.19", "osis": ["Mark.16.19"]}, {"raw": "Acts.17.31", "osis": ["Acts.17.31"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "33", "sort_key": 33, "question": "How are we made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ?", "answer": "We are made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ, by the effectual application of it to us, by His Holy Spirit.", "answer_with_proofs": "We are made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ, by the effectual application of it to us, by His Holy Spirit.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.3.5-John.3.6", "osis": ["John.3.5-John.3.6"]}, {"raw": "Titus.3.5-Titus.3.6", "osis": ["Titus.3.5-Titus.3.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "34", "sort_key": 34, "question": "How does the Spirit apply to us the redemption purchased by Christ?", "answer": "The Spirit applies to us the redemption purchased by Christ, by working faith in us, and thereby uniting us to Christ in our effectual calling.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Spirit applies to us the redemption purchased by Christ, by working faith in us, and thereby uniting us to Christ in our effectual calling.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.2.8", "osis": ["Eph.2.8"]}, {"raw": "Eph.3.17", "osis": ["Eph.3.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "35", "sort_key": 35, "question": "What is effectual calling?", "answer": "Effectual calling is the work of God's Spirit, whereby, convincing us of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, He does persuade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ, freely offered to us in the Gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": "Effectual calling is the work of God's Spirit, whereby, convincing us of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, He does persuade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ, freely offered to us in the Gospel.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.1.9", "osis": ["2Tim.1.9"]}, {"raw": "John.16.8-John.16.11", "osis": ["John.16.8-John.16.11"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.37", "osis": ["Acts.2.37"]}, {"raw": "Acts.26.18", "osis": ["Acts.26.18"]}, {"raw": "Ezek.36.26", "osis": ["Ezek.36.26"]}, {"raw": "John.6.44-John.6.45", "osis": ["John.6.44-John.6.45"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.12.3", "osis": ["1Cor.12.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "36", "sort_key": 36, "question": "What benefits do they that are effectually called, partake of in this life?", "answer": "They that are effectually called, do in this life partake of justification, adoption, sanctification, and the several benefits which in this life do either accompany or flow from them.", "answer_with_proofs": "They that are effectually called, do in this life partake of justification, adoption, sanctification, and the several benefits which in this life do either accompany or flow from them.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.30", "osis": ["Rom.8.30"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.26", "osis": ["Gal.3.26"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.6.11", "osis": ["1Cor.6.11"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.31-Rom.8.32", "osis": ["Rom.8.31-Rom.8.32"]}, {"raw": "Eph.1.5", "osis": ["Eph.1.5"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.1.30", "osis": ["1Cor.1.30"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "37", "sort_key": 37, "question": "What is justification?", "answer": "Justification is an act of God's free grace, wherein He pardons all our sins, and accepts us as righteous in His sight, only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us, and received by faith alone.", "answer_with_proofs": "Justification is an act of God's free grace, wherein He pardons all our sins, and accepts us as righteous in His sight, only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us, and received by faith alone.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.24", "osis": ["Rom.3.24"]}, {"raw": "Eph.1.7", "osis": ["Eph.1.7"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.5.21", "osis": ["2Cor.5.21"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.19", "osis": ["Rom.5.19"]}, {"raw": "Phil.3.9", "osis": ["Phil.3.9"]}, {"raw": "Gal.2.16", "osis": ["Gal.2.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "38", "sort_key": 38, "question": "What is adoption?", "answer": "Adoption is an act of God's free grace, whereby we are received into the number, and have a right to all the privileges of the sons of God.", "answer_with_proofs": "Adoption is an act of God's free grace, whereby we are received into the number, and have a right to all the privileges of the sons of God.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1John.3.1", "osis": ["1John.3.1"]}, {"raw": "John.1.12", "osis": ["John.1.12"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.16-Rom.8.17", "osis": ["Rom.8.16-Rom.8.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "39", "sort_key": 39, "question": "What is sanctification?", "answer": "Sanctification is a work of God's free grace whereby we are renewed in the whole man after the image of God, and are enabled more and more to die unto sin, and live unto righteousness.", "answer_with_proofs": "Sanctification is a work of God's free grace whereby we are renewed in the whole man after the image of God, and are enabled more and more to die unto sin, and live unto righteousness.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2Thess.2.13", "osis": ["2Thess.2.13"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.23-Eph.4.24", "osis": ["Eph.4.23-Eph.4.24"]}, {"raw": "Rom.6.11", "osis": ["Rom.6.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "40", "sort_key": 40, "question": "What are the benefits which in this life do accompany or flow from justification, adoption, and sanctification?", "answer": "The benefits which in this life do accompany or flow from justification, adoption, and sanctification, are, assurance of God's love, peace of conscience, joy in the Holy Spirit, increase of grace, and perseverance therein to the end.", "answer_with_proofs": "The benefits which in this life do accompany or flow from justification, adoption, and sanctification, are, assurance of God's love, peace of conscience, joy in the Holy Spirit, increase of grace, and perseverance therein to the end.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.1-Rom.5.5", "osis": ["Rom.5.1-Rom.5.5"]}, {"raw": "Rom.14.17", "osis": ["Rom.14.17"]}, {"raw": "Prov.4.18", "osis": ["Prov.4.18"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.1.5", "osis": ["1Pet.1.5"]}, {"raw": "1John.5.13", "osis": ["1John.5.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "41", "sort_key": 41, "question": "What benefits do believers receive from Christ at death?", "answer": "The souls of believers are at death made perfect in holiness, and do immediately pass into glory, and their bodies, being still united to Christ, do rest in their graves till the resurrection.", "answer_with_proofs": "The souls of believers are at death made perfect in holiness, and do immediately pass into glory, and their bodies, being still united to Christ, do rest in their graves till the resurrection.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.12.23", "osis": ["Heb.12.23"]}, {"raw": "Phil.1.23", "osis": ["Phil.1.23"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.5.8", "osis": ["2Cor.5.8"]}, {"raw": "Luke.23.43", "osis": ["Luke.23.43"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.4.14", "osis": ["1Thess.4.14"]}, {"raw": "Isa.57.2", "osis": ["Isa.57.2"]}, {"raw": "Job.19.26", "osis": ["Job.19.26"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "42", "sort_key": 42, "question": "What benefits do believers receive from Christ at the Resurrection?", "answer": "At the resurrection, believers become raised up in glory, shall be openly acknowledged and acquitted in the day of judgment, and made perfectly blessed in the full enjoyment of God to all eternity.", "answer_with_proofs": "At the resurrection, believers become raised up in glory, shall be openly acknowledged and acquitted in the day of judgment, and made perfectly blessed in the full enjoyment of God to all eternity.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.3.20-Phil.3.21", "osis": ["Phil.3.20-Phil.3.21"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.15.42-1Cor.15.43", "osis": ["1Cor.15.42-1Cor.15.43"]}, {"raw": "Matt.10.32", "osis": ["Matt.10.32"]}, {"raw": "1John.3.2", "osis": ["1John.3.2"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.4.17", "osis": ["1Thess.4.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "43", "sort_key": 43, "question": "What shall be done to the wicked at death?", "answer": "The souls of the wicked shall at death, be cast into the torments of hell, and their bodies lie in their graves till the resurrection and judgement of the great day.", "answer_with_proofs": "The souls of the wicked shall at death, be cast into the torments of hell, and their bodies lie in their graves till the resurrection and judgement of the great day.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.16.22-Luke.16.24", "osis": ["Luke.16.22-Luke.16.24"]}, {"raw": "Ps.49.14", "osis": ["Ps.49.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "44", "sort_key": 44, "question": "What shall be done to the wicked at the day of judgement?", "answer": "At the day of judgement, the bodies of the wicked, being raised out of their graves, shall be sentenced, together with their souls, to unspeakable torments with the devil and his angels forever.", "answer_with_proofs": "At the day of judgement, the bodies of the wicked, being raised out of their graves, shall be sentenced, together with their souls, to unspeakable torments with the devil and his angels forever.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Dan.12.2", "osis": ["Dan.12.2"]}, {"raw": "John.5.28-John.5.29", "osis": ["John.5.28-John.5.29"]}, {"raw": "2Thess.1.9", "osis": ["2Thess.1.9"]}, {"raw": "Matt.25.41", "osis": ["Matt.25.41"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "45", "sort_key": 45, "question": "What is the duty which God requires of man?", "answer": "The duty which God requires of man, is obedience to His revealed will.", "answer_with_proofs": "The duty which God requires of man, is obedience to His revealed will.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Mic.6.8", "osis": ["Mic.6.8"]}, {"raw": "Eccl.12.13", "osis": ["Eccl.12.13"]}, {"raw": "Ps.119.4", "osis": ["Ps.119.4"]}, {"raw": "Luke.10.26-Luke.10.28", "osis": ["Luke.10.26-Luke.10.28"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "46", "sort_key": 46, "question": "What did God at first reveal to man for the rule of his obedience?", "answer": "The rule which God at first revealed to man for his obedience was the moral law.", "answer_with_proofs": "The rule which God at first revealed to man for his obedience was the moral law.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.2.14-Rom.2.15", "osis": ["Rom.2.14-Rom.2.15"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.13-Rom.5.14", "osis": ["Rom.5.13-Rom.5.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "47", "sort_key": 47, "question": "Where is the moral law summarily comprehended?", "answer": "The moral law is summarily comprehended in the Ten Commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": "The moral law is summarily comprehended in the Ten Commandments.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.10.4", "osis": ["Deut.10.4"]}, {"raw": "Matt.19.17", "osis": ["Matt.19.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "48", "sort_key": 48, "question": "What is the sum of the Ten Commandments?", "answer": "The sum of the Ten Commandments is, to love the Lord our God, with all our heart, with all our soul, with all our strength, and with all our mind; and our neighbor as ourselves.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sum of the Ten Commandments is, to love the Lord our God, with all our heart, with all our soul, with all our strength, and with all our mind; and our neighbor as ourselves.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.22.36-Matt.22.40", "osis": ["Matt.22.36-Matt.22.40"]}, {"raw": "Mark.12.28-Mark.12.33", "osis": ["Mark.12.28-Mark.12.33"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "49", "sort_key": 49, "question": "What is the preface to the Ten Commandments?", "answer": "The preface to the Ten Commandments is, \"I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.\"", "answer_with_proofs": "The preface to the Ten Commandments is, \"I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.\"[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.2", "osis": ["Exod.20.2"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "50", "sort_key": 50, "question": "What does the preface to the Ten Commandments teach us?", "answer": "The preface to the Ten Commandments teaches us, that because God is the Lord, and our God and Redeemer, therefore we are bound to keep all His commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": "The preface to the Ten Commandments teaches us, that because God is the Lord, and our God and Redeemer, therefore we are bound to keep all His commandments.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.11.1", "osis": ["Deut.11.1"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "51", "sort_key": 51, "question": "Which is the first commandment?", "answer": "The first commandment is, \"Thou shalt have no other Gods before me.\"", "answer_with_proofs": "The first commandment is, \"Thou shalt have no other Gods before me.\"[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.3", "osis": ["Exod.20.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "52", "sort_key": 52, "question": "What is required in the first commandment?", "answer": "The first commandment requires us to know and acknowledge God to be the only true God, and our God, and to worship and glorify Him accordingly.", "answer_with_proofs": "The first commandment requires us to know and acknowledge God to be the only true God, and our God, and to worship and glorify Him accordingly.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Josh.24.15", "osis": ["Josh.24.15"]}, {"raw": "1Chr.28.9", "osis": ["1Chr.28.9"]}, {"raw": "Deut.26.17", "osis": ["Deut.26.17"]}, {"raw": "Ps.29.2", "osis": ["Ps.29.2"]}, {"raw": "Matt.4.10", "osis": ["Matt.4.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "53", "sort_key": 53, "question": "What is forbidden in the first commandment?", "answer": "The first commandment forbids the denying, or not worshipping and glorifying the true God, as God and our God; and the giving that worship and glory to any other, which is due unto Him alone.", "answer_with_proofs": "The first commandment forbids the denying, or not worshipping and glorifying the true God, as God and our God; and the giving that worship and glory to any other, which is due unto Him alone.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Josh.24.27", "osis": ["Josh.24.27"]}, {"raw": "Rom.1.20-Rom.1.21", "osis": ["Rom.1.20-Rom.1.21"]}, {"raw": "Ps.14.1", "osis": ["Ps.14.1"]}, {"raw": "Rom.1.25", "osis": ["Rom.1.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "54", "sort_key": 54, "question": "What are we especially taught by these words, \"before me,\" in the first commandment?", "answer": "These words, \"before me\", in the first commandment, teach us, that God, who sees all things, takes notice of, and is much displeased with the sin of having any other God.", "answer_with_proofs": "These words, \"before me\", in the first commandment, teach us, that God, who sees all things, takes notice of, and is much displeased with the sin of having any other God.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.30.17-Deut.30.18", "osis": ["Deut.30.17-Deut.30.18"]}, {"raw": "Ps.44.20-Ps.44.21", "osis": ["Ps.44.20-Ps.44.21"]}, {"raw": "Ps.90.8", "osis": ["Ps.90.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "55", "sort_key": 55, "question": "Which is the second commandment?", "answer": "The second commandment is, \"Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them; for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me: and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments.\"", "answer_with_proofs": "The second commandment is, \"Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them; for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me: and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments.\"[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.4-Exod.20.6", "osis": ["Exod.20.4-Exod.20.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "56", "sort_key": 56, "question": "What is required in the second commandment?", "answer": "The second commandment requires the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire, all such religious worship and ordinances, as God has appointed in His Word.", "answer_with_proofs": "The second commandment requires the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire, all such religious worship and ordinances, as God has appointed in His Word.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.32.46", "osis": ["Deut.32.46"]}, {"raw": "Matt.28.20", "osis": ["Matt.28.20"]}, {"raw": "Deut.12.32", "osis": ["Deut.12.32"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "57", "sort_key": 57, "question": "What is forbidden in the second commandment?", "answer": "The second commandment forbids the worshipping of God by images, or any other way not appointed in His Word.", "answer_with_proofs": "The second commandment forbids the worshipping of God by images, or any other way not appointed in His Word.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.22-Rom.1.23", "osis": ["Rom.1.22-Rom.1.23"]}, {"raw": "Deut.4.15-Deut.4.16", "osis": ["Deut.4.15-Deut.4.16"]}, {"raw": "Matt.15.9", "osis": ["Matt.15.9"]}, {"raw": "Col.2.18", "osis": ["Col.2.18"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "58", "sort_key": 58, "question": "What are the reasons annexed to the second commandment?", "answer": "The reasons annexed to the second commandment, are, God's sovereignty over us, His propriety in us, and the zeal He has for His own worship.", "answer_with_proofs": "The reasons annexed to the second commandment, are, God's sovereignty over us, His propriety in us, and the zeal He has for His own worship.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.45.11", "osis": ["Ps.45.11"]}, {"raw": "Exod.34.14", "osis": ["Exod.34.14"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.10.22", "osis": ["1Cor.10.22"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "59", "sort_key": 59, "question": "Which is the third commandment?", "answer": "The third commandment is, \"Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain: for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.\"", "answer_with_proofs": "The third commandment is, \"Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain: for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.\"[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.7", "osis": ["Exod.20.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "60", "sort_key": 60, "question": "What is required in the third commandment?", "answer": "The third commandment requires the holy and reverent use of God's names, titles, attributes, ordinances, words, and works.", "answer_with_proofs": "The third commandment requires the holy and reverent use of God's names, titles, attributes, ordinances, words, and works.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.29.2", "osis": ["Ps.29.2"]}, {"raw": "Deut.32.1-Deut.32.4", "osis": ["Deut.32.1-Deut.32.4"]}, {"raw": "Deut.28.58-Deut.28.59", "osis": ["Deut.28.58-Deut.28.59"]}, {"raw": "Ps.111.9", "osis": ["Ps.111.9"]}, {"raw": "Matt.6.9,Eccl.5.1", "osis": ["Matt.6.9", "Eccl.5.1"]}, {"raw": "Ps.138.2,Job.36.24", "osis": ["Ps.138.2", "Job.36.24"]}, {"raw": "Rev.15.3-Rev.15.4", "osis": ["Rev.15.3-Rev.15.4"]}, {"raw": "Rev.4.8", "osis": ["Rev.4.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "61", "sort_key": 61, "question": "What is forbidden in the third commandment?", "answer": "The third commandment forbids all profaning and abusing of any thing whereby God makes Himself known.", "answer_with_proofs": "The third commandment forbids all profaning and abusing of any thing whereby God makes Himself known.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Mal.1.6-Mal.1.7", "osis": ["Mal.1.6-Mal.1.7"]}, {"raw": "Lev.20.3", "osis": ["Lev.20.3"]}, {"raw": "Lev.19.12", "osis": ["Lev.19.12"]}, {"raw": "Matt.5.34-Matt.5.37", "osis": ["Matt.5.34-Matt.5.37"]}, {"raw": "Isa.52.5", "osis": ["Isa.52.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "62", "sort_key": 62, "question": "What is the reason annexed to the third commandment?", "answer": "The reason annexed to the third commandment is, that howsoever the breakers of this commandment may escape punishment from men, yet the Lord our God will not suffer them to escape His righteous judgment.", "answer_with_proofs": "The reason annexed to the third commandment is, that howsoever the breakers of this commandment may escape punishment from men, yet the Lord our God will not suffer them to escape His righteous judgment.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.28.58-Deut.28.59", "osis": ["Deut.28.58-Deut.28.59"]}, {"raw": "Mal.2.2", "osis": ["Mal.2.2"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "63", "sort_key": 63, "question": "Which is the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The fourth commandment is, \"Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labor and do all thy work; but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maid servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: for in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it.\"", "answer_with_proofs": "The fourth commandment is, \"Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labor and do all thy work; but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maid servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: for in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it.\"[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.8-Exod.20.11", "osis": ["Exod.20.8-Exod.20.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "64", "sort_key": 64, "question": "What is required in the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The fourth commandment requires the keeping holy to God such set times as He has appointed in His Word, expressly one whole day in seven to be a holy Sabbath to Himself.", "answer_with_proofs": "The fourth commandment requires the keeping holy to God such set times as He has appointed in His Word, expressly one whole day in seven to be a holy Sabbath to Himself.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.19.30", "osis": ["Lev.19.30"]}, {"raw": "Deut.5.12", "osis": ["Deut.5.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "65", "sort_key": 65, "question": "Which day of the seven has God appointed to be the weekly Sabbath?", "answer": "From the creation of the world to the resurrection of Christ, God appointed the seventh day of the week to be the weekly Sabbath; and the first day of the week ever since, to continue to the end of the world, which is the Christian Sabbath.", "answer_with_proofs": "From the creation of the world to the resurrection of Christ, God appointed the seventh day of the week to be the weekly Sabbath; and the first day of the week ever since, to continue to the end of the world, which is the Christian Sabbath.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.2.3", "osis": ["Gen.2.3"]}, {"raw": "John.20.19", "osis": ["John.20.19"]}, {"raw": "Acts.20.7", "osis": ["Acts.20.7"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.16.1-1Cor.16.2", "osis": ["1Cor.16.1-1Cor.16.2"]}, {"raw": "Rev.1.10", "osis": ["Rev.1.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "66", "sort_key": 66, "question": "How is the Sabbath to be sanctified?", "answer": "The Sabbath is to sanctified by a holy resting all that day, even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other days, and spending the time in the public and private exercises of God's worship, except so much as is to be taken up in the works of necessity and mercy.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Sabbath is to sanctified by a holy resting all that day, even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other days, and spending the time in the public and private exercises of God's worship, except so much as is to be taken up in the works of necessity and mercy.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.23.3", "osis": ["Lev.23.3"]}, {"raw": "Isa.58.13-Isa.58.14", "osis": ["Isa.58.13-Isa.58.14"]}, {"raw": "Isa.66.23", "osis": ["Isa.66.23"]}, {"raw": "Matt.12.11-Matt.12.12", "osis": ["Matt.12.11-Matt.12.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "67", "sort_key": 67, "question": "What is forbidden in the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The fourth commandment forbids the omission or careless performance of the duties required, and the profaning the day by idleness, or doing that which is in itself sinful, or by unnecessary thoughts, words, or works, about worldly employments or recreations.", "answer_with_proofs": "The fourth commandment forbids the omission or careless performance of the duties required, and the profaning the day by idleness, or doing that which is in itself sinful, or by unnecessary thoughts, words, or works, about worldly employments or recreations.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.22.26", "osis": ["Ezek.22.26"]}, {"raw": "Ezek.23.38", "osis": ["Ezek.23.38"]}, {"raw": "Jer.17.21", "osis": ["Jer.17.21"]}, {"raw": "Neh.13.15,Neh.13.17", "osis": ["Neh.13.15", "Neh.13.17"]}, {"raw": "Acts.20.7", "osis": ["Acts.20.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "68", "sort_key": 68, "question": "What are the reasons annexed to the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The reasons annexed to the fourth commandment are, God's allowing us six days of the week for our own employments, His challenging a special propriety in the seventh, His own example and His blessing the Sabbath day.", "answer_with_proofs": "The reasons annexed to the fourth commandment are, God's allowing us six days of the week for our own employments, His challenging a special propriety in the seventh, His own example and His blessing the Sabbath day.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.34.21", "osis": ["Exod.34.21"]}, {"raw": "Exod.31.16-Exod.31.17", "osis": ["Exod.31.16-Exod.31.17"]}, {"raw": "Gen.2.2-Gen.2.3", "osis": ["Gen.2.2-Gen.2.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "69", "sort_key": 69, "question": "Which is the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The fifth commandment is, \"Honor thy father and thy mother, that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.\"", "answer_with_proofs": "The fifth commandment is, \"Honor thy father and thy mother, that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.\"[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.12", "osis": ["Exod.20.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "70", "sort_key": 70, "question": "What is required in the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The fifth commandment requires the preserving the honor, and performing the duties, belonging to every one in their several places and relations, as superiors, inferiors, or equals.", "answer_with_proofs": "The fifth commandment requires the preserving the honor, and performing the duties, belonging to every one in their several places and relations, as superiors, inferiors, or equals.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.19.32", "osis": ["Lev.19.32"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.2.17", "osis": ["1Pet.2.17"]}, {"raw": "Rom.13.1", "osis": ["Rom.13.1"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.21-Eph.5.22", "osis": ["Eph.5.21-Eph.5.22"]}, {"raw": "Eph.6.1,Eph.6.5,Eph.6.9", "osis": ["Eph.6.1", "Eph.6.5", "Eph.6.9"]}, {"raw": "Col.3.19-Col.3.22", "osis": ["Col.3.19-Col.3.22"]}, {"raw": "Rom.12.10", "osis": ["Rom.12.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "71", "sort_key": 71, "question": "What is forbidden in the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The fifth commandment forbids the neglecting of, or doing anything against the honor and duty which belongs to every one in their several places and relations.", "answer_with_proofs": "The fifth commandment forbids the neglecting of, or doing anything against the honor and duty which belongs to every one in their several places and relations.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.30.17", "osis": ["Prov.30.17"]}, {"raw": "Rom.13.7-Rom.13.8", "osis": ["Rom.13.7-Rom.13.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "72", "sort_key": 72, "question": "What is the reason annexed to the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The reason annexed to the fifth commandment is a promise of long life and prosperity (as far as it shall serve God's glory and their own good), to all such as keep this commandment.", "answer_with_proofs": "The reason annexed to the fifth commandment is a promise of long life and prosperity (as far as it shall serve God's glory and their own good), to all such as keep this commandment.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.6.2-Eph.6.3", "osis": ["Eph.6.2-Eph.6.3"]}, {"raw": "Prov.4.3-Prov.4.6", "osis": ["Prov.4.3-Prov.4.6"]}, {"raw": "Prov.6.20-Prov.6.22", "osis": ["Prov.6.20-Prov.6.22"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "73", "sort_key": 73, "question": "Which is the sixth commandment?", "answer": "The sixth commandment is, \"Thou shalt not kill.\"", "answer_with_proofs": "The sixth commandment is, \"Thou shalt not kill.\"[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.13", "osis": ["Exod.20.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "74", "sort_key": 74, "question": "What is required in the sixth commandment?", "answer": "The sixth commandment requires all lawful endeavors to preserve our own life and the life of others.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sixth commandment requires all lawful endeavors to preserve our own life and the life of others.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.5.29-Eph.5.30", "osis": ["Eph.5.29-Eph.5.30"]}, {"raw": "Ps.82.3-Ps.82.4", "osis": ["Ps.82.3-Ps.82.4"]}, {"raw": "Prov.24.11-Prov.24.12", "osis": ["Prov.24.11-Prov.24.12"]}, {"raw": "Acts.16.28", "osis": ["Acts.16.28"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "75", "sort_key": 75, "question": "What is forbidden in the sixth commandment?", "answer": "The sixth commandment forbids the taking away our own life, or the life of our neighbor unjustly, or whatsoever tends thereto.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sixth commandment forbids the taking away our own life, or the life of our neighbor unjustly, or whatsoever tends thereto.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.4.10-Gen.4.11", "osis": ["Gen.4.10-Gen.4.11"]}, {"raw": "Gen.9.6", "osis": ["Gen.9.6"]}, {"raw": "Matt.5.21-Matt.5.26", "osis": ["Matt.5.21-Matt.5.26"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "76", "sort_key": 76, "question": "Which is the seventh commandment?", "answer": "The seventh commandment is, \"Thou shalt not commit adultery.\"", "answer_with_proofs": "The seventh commandment is, \"Thou shalt not commit adultery.\"[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.14", "osis": ["Exod.20.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "77", "sort_key": 77, "question": "What is required in the seventh commandment?", "answer": "The seventh commandment requires the preservation of our own and our neighbor's chastity, in heart, speech, and behavior.", "answer_with_proofs": "The seventh commandment requires the preservation of our own and our neighbor's chastity, in heart, speech, and behavior.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.6.18", "osis": ["1Cor.6.18"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.7.2", "osis": ["1Cor.7.2"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.2.22", "osis": ["2Tim.2.22"]}, {"raw": "Matt.5.28", "osis": ["Matt.5.28"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.3.2", "osis": ["1Pet.3.2"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "78", "sort_key": 78, "question": "What is forbidden in the seventh commandment?", "answer": "The seventh commandment forbids all unchaste thoughts, words, and actions.", "answer_with_proofs": "The seventh commandment forbids all unchaste thoughts, words, and actions.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.28-Matt.5.32", "osis": ["Matt.5.28-Matt.5.32"]}, {"raw": "Job.31.1", "osis": ["Job.31.1"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.3-Eph.5.4", "osis": ["Eph.5.3-Eph.5.4"]}, {"raw": "Rom.13.13", "osis": ["Rom.13.13"]}, {"raw": "Col.4.6", "osis": ["Col.4.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "79", "sort_key": 79, "question": "Which is the eighth commandment?", "answer": "The eighth commandment is, \"Thou shalt not steal.\"", "answer_with_proofs": "The eighth commandment is, \"Thou shalt not steal.\"[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.15", "osis": ["Exod.20.15"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "80", "sort_key": 80, "question": "What is required in the eighth commandment?", "answer": "The eighth commandment requires the lawful procuring and furthering the wealth and outward state of ourselves and others.", "answer_with_proofs": "The eighth commandment requires the lawful procuring and furthering the wealth and outward state of ourselves and others.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.27.23", "osis": ["Prov.27.23"]}, {"raw": "Lev.25.35", "osis": ["Lev.25.35"]}, {"raw": "Deut.15.10", "osis": ["Deut.15.10"]}, {"raw": "Deut.22.14", "osis": ["Deut.22.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "81", "sort_key": 81, "question": "What is forbidden in the eighth commandment?", "answer": "The eighth commandment forbids whatsoever does or may unjustly hinder our own or our neighbor's wealth or outward state.", "answer_with_proofs": "The eighth commandment forbids whatsoever does or may unjustly hinder our own or our neighbor's wealth or outward state.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.5.8", "osis": ["1Tim.5.8"]}, {"raw": "Prov.28.19", "osis": ["Prov.28.19"]}, {"raw": "Prov.23.20-Prov.23.21", "osis": ["Prov.23.20-Prov.23.21"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.28", "osis": ["Eph.4.28"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "82", "sort_key": 82, "question": "Which is the ninth commandment?", "answer": "The ninth commandment is, \"Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor.\"", "answer_with_proofs": "The ninth commandment is, \"Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor.\"[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.16", "osis": ["Exod.20.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "83", "sort_key": 83, "question": "What is required in the ninth commandment?", "answer": "The ninth commandment requires the maintaining and promoting of truth between man and man, and of our own and our neighbor's good name, especially in witness bearing.", "answer_with_proofs": "The ninth commandment requires the maintaining and promoting of truth between man and man, and of our own and our neighbor's good name, especially in witness bearing.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Zech.8.16", "osis": ["Zech.8.16"]}, {"raw": "Acts.25.10", "osis": ["Acts.25.10"]}, {"raw": "Eccl.7.1", "osis": ["Eccl.7.1"]}, {"raw": "3John.1.12", "osis": ["3John.1.12"]}, {"raw": "Prov.14.5,Prov.14.25", "osis": ["Prov.14.5", "Prov.14.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "84", "sort_key": 84, "question": "What is forbidden in the ninth commandment?", "answer": "The ninth commandment forbids whatsoever is pre- judicial to truth, or injurious to our own, or our neighbor's good name.", "answer_with_proofs": "The ninth commandment forbids whatsoever is pre- judicial to truth, or injurious to our own, or our neighbor's good name.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.4.25", "osis": ["Eph.4.25"]}, {"raw": "Ps.15.3", "osis": ["Ps.15.3"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.8.20-2Cor.8.21", "osis": ["2Cor.8.20-2Cor.8.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "85", "sort_key": 85, "question": "Which is the tenth commandment?", "answer": "The tenth commandment is, \"Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his man servant, nor his maid servant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor anything that is thy neighbor's.\"", "answer_with_proofs": "The tenth commandment is, \"Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his man servant, nor his maid servant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor anything that is thy neighbor's.\"[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.17", "osis": ["Exod.20.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "86", "sort_key": 86, "question": "What is required in the tenth commandment?", "answer": "The tenth commandment requires full contentment with our own condition, with a right and charitable frame of spirit towards our neighbor, and all that is his.", "answer_with_proofs": "The tenth commandment requires full contentment with our own condition, with a right and charitable frame of spirit towards our neighbor, and all that is his.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.13.5", "osis": ["Heb.13.5"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.6.6", "osis": ["1Tim.6.6"]}, {"raw": "Rom.12.15", "osis": ["Rom.12.15"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.13.4-1Cor.13.7", "osis": ["1Cor.13.4-1Cor.13.7"]}, {"raw": "Lev.19.18", "osis": ["Lev.19.18"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "87", "sort_key": 87, "question": "What is forbidden in the tenth commandment?", "answer": "The tenth commandment forbids all discontentment with our own estate, envying or grieving at the good of our neighbor, and all inordinate motions and affections to anything that is his.", "answer_with_proofs": "The tenth commandment forbids all discontentment with our own estate, envying or grieving at the good of our neighbor, and all inordinate motions and affections to anything that is his.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.10", "osis": ["1Cor.10.10"]}, {"raw": "Jas.5.9", "osis": ["Jas.5.9"]}, {"raw": "Gal.5.26", "osis": ["Gal.5.26"]}, {"raw": "Col.3.5", "osis": ["Col.3.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "88", "sort_key": 88, "question": "Is any man able perfectly to keep the commandments of God?", "answer": "No mere man, since the fall, is able in this life, perfectly to keep the commandments of God, but daily breaks them in thought, word, and deed.", "answer_with_proofs": "No mere man, since the fall, is able in this life, perfectly to keep the commandments of God, but daily breaks them in thought, word, and deed.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eccl.7.20", "osis": ["Eccl.7.20"]}, {"raw": "Gen.6.5", "osis": ["Gen.6.5"]}, {"raw": "Gen.8.21", "osis": ["Gen.8.21"]}, {"raw": "1John.1.8", "osis": ["1John.1.8"]}, {"raw": "Jas.3.8", "osis": ["Jas.3.8"]}, {"raw": "Jas.3.2", "osis": ["Jas.3.2"]}, {"raw": "Rom.3.23", "osis": ["Rom.3.23"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "89", "sort_key": 89, "question": "What then is the purpose of the law since the fall?", "answer": "The purpose of the law, since, the fall, is to reveal the perfect righteousness of God, that His people may know his will for their lives and the ungodly, being convicted of their sin, may be restrained therein and brought to Christ for salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "The purpose of the law, since, the fall, is to reveal the perfect righteousness of God, that His people may know his will for their lives and the ungodly, being convicted of their sin, may be restrained therein and brought to Christ for salvation.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.19.7-Ps.19.11", "osis": ["Ps.19.7-Ps.19.11"]}, {"raw": "Rom.3.20,Rom.3.31", "osis": ["Rom.3.20", "Rom.3.31"]}, {"raw": "Rom.7.7", "osis": ["Rom.7.7"]}, {"raw": "Rom.12.2", "osis": ["Rom.12.2"]}, {"raw": "Titus.2.12-Titus.2.14", "osis": ["Titus.2.12-Titus.2.14"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.22,Gal.3.24", "osis": ["Gal.3.22", "Gal.3.24"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.1.8", "osis": ["1Tim.1.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "90", "sort_key": 90, "question": "Are all transgressions of the law equally heinous?", "answer": "Some sins in themselves and by reason of several aggravations, are more heinous in the sight of God than others.", "answer_with_proofs": "Some sins in themselves and by reason of several aggravations, are more heinous in the sight of God than others.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.8.13", "osis": ["Ezek.8.13"]}, {"raw": "John.19.11", "osis": ["John.19.11"]}, {"raw": "1John.5.16", "osis": ["1John.5.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "91", "sort_key": 91, "question": "What does every sin deserve?", "answer": "Every sin deserves God's wrath and curse, both in this life, and in that which is to come.", "answer_with_proofs": "Every sin deserves God's wrath and curse, both in this life, and in that which is to come.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.5.6", "osis": ["Eph.5.6"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.10", "osis": ["Gal.3.10"]}, {"raw": "Prov.3.33", "osis": ["Prov.3.33"]}, {"raw": "Ps.11.6", "osis": ["Ps.11.6"]}, {"raw": "Rev.21.8", "osis": ["Rev.21.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "92", "sort_key": 92, "question": "What does God require of us, that we may escape His wrath and curse, due to us for sin?", "answer": "To escape the wrath and curse of God due to us for sin, God requires of us faith in Jesus Christ, repentance unto life, with the diligent use of all the outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicates to us the benefits of redemption.", "answer_with_proofs": "To escape the wrath and curse of God due to us for sin, God requires of us faith in Jesus Christ, repentance unto life, with the diligent use of all the outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicates to us the benefits of redemption.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.20.21", "osis": ["Acts.20.21"]}, {"raw": "Acts.16.30-Acts.16.31", "osis": ["Acts.16.30-Acts.16.31"]}, {"raw": "Acts.17.30", "osis": ["Acts.17.30"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "93", "sort_key": 93, "question": "What is faith in Jesus Christ?", "answer": "Faith in Jesus Christ is a saving grace, whereby we receive and rest upon Him alone for salvation, as He is offered to us in the Gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": "Faith in Jesus Christ is a saving grace, whereby we receive and rest upon Him alone for salvation, as He is offered to us in the Gospel.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.10.39", "osis": ["Heb.10.39"]}, {"raw": "John.1.12", "osis": ["John.1.12"]}, {"raw": "Phil.3.9", "osis": ["Phil.3.9"]}, {"raw": "Gal.2.15-Gal.2.16", "osis": ["Gal.2.15-Gal.2.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "94", "sort_key": 94, "question": "What is repentance unto life?", "answer": "Repentance unto life is a saving grace, whereby a sinner, out of a true sense of his sin, and apprehension of the mercy of God in Christ, does, with grief and hatred of his sin, turn from it unto God, with full purpose of, and endeavor after, new obedience.", "answer_with_proofs": "Repentance unto life is a saving grace, whereby a sinner, out of a true sense of his sin, and apprehension of the mercy of God in Christ, does, with grief and hatred of his sin, turn from it unto God, with full purpose of, and endeavor after, new obedience.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.37", "osis": ["Acts.2.37"]}, {"raw": "Joel.2.13", "osis": ["Joel.2.13"]}, {"raw": "Jer.31.18-Jer.31.19", "osis": ["Jer.31.18-Jer.31.19"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.7.10-2Cor.7.11", "osis": ["2Cor.7.10-2Cor.7.11"]}, {"raw": "Rom.6.18", "osis": ["Rom.6.18"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "95", "sort_key": 95, "question": "What are the outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicates to us the benefits of redemption?", "answer": "The outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicates to us the benefits of redemption are His ordinances, especially the Word, Baptism, the Lord's Supper and Prayer; all which are made effectual to the elect for salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "The outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicates to us the benefits of redemption are His ordinances, especially the Word, Baptism, the Lord's Supper and Prayer; all which are made effectual to the elect for salvation.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.10.17", "osis": ["Rom.10.17"]}, {"raw": "Jas.1.18", "osis": ["Jas.1.18"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.3.5", "osis": ["1Cor.3.5"]}, {"raw": "Acts.14.1", "osis": ["Acts.14.1"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.41-Acts.2.42", "osis": ["Acts.2.41-Acts.2.42"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "96", "sort_key": 96, "question": "How is the Word made effectual to salvation?", "answer": "The Spirit of God makes the reading, but especially the preaching of the Word an effectual means of convincing and converting sinners, and of building them up in holiness and comfort, through faith unto salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Spirit of God makes the reading, but especially the preaching of the Word an effectual means of convincing and converting sinners, and of building them up in holiness and comfort, through faith unto salvation.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.119.11,Ps.119.18", "osis": ["Ps.119.11", "Ps.119.18"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.1.6", "osis": ["1Thess.1.6"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.2.1-1Pet.2.2", "osis": ["1Pet.2.1-1Pet.2.2"]}, {"raw": "Rom.1.16", "osis": ["Rom.1.16"]}, {"raw": "Ps.19.7", "osis": ["Ps.19.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "97", "sort_key": 97, "question": "How is the Word to be read and heard that it may become effectual to salvation?", "answer": "That the Word may become effectual to salvation we must attend thereunto with diligence, preparation and prayer, receive it in faith and love, lay it up in our hearts and practice it in our lives.", "answer_with_proofs": "That the Word may become effectual to salvation we must attend thereunto with diligence, preparation and prayer, receive it in faith and love, lay it up in our hearts and practice it in our lives.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.8.34", "osis": ["Prov.8.34"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.2.1-1Pet.2.2", "osis": ["1Pet.2.1-1Pet.2.2"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.4.13", "osis": ["1Tim.4.13"]}, {"raw": "Heb.2.1,Heb.2.3", "osis": ["Heb.2.1", "Heb.2.3"]}, {"raw": "Heb.4.2", "osis": ["Heb.4.2"]}, {"raw": "2Thess.2.10", "osis": ["2Thess.2.10"]}, {"raw": "Ps.119.11", "osis": ["Ps.119.11"]}, {"raw": "Jas.1.21,Jas.1.25", "osis": ["Jas.1.21", "Jas.1.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "98", "sort_key": 98, "question": "How do Baptism and the Lord's Supper become effectual means of salvation?", "answer": "Baptism and the Lord's Supper become effectual means of salvation, not from any virtue in them or in him that administers them, but only by the blessing of Christ and the working of His Spirit in them that by faith receive them.", "answer_with_proofs": "Baptism and the Lord's Supper become effectual means of salvation, not from any virtue in them or in him that administers them, but only by the blessing of Christ and the working of His Spirit in them that by faith receive them.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.3.21", "osis": ["1Pet.3.21"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.3.6-1Cor.3.7", "osis": ["1Cor.3.6-1Cor.3.7"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.12.13", "osis": ["1Cor.12.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "99", "sort_key": 99, "question": "Wherein do Baptism and the Lord's Supper differ from the other ordinances of God?", "answer": "Baptism and the Lord's Supper differ from the other ordinances of God in that they were specially instituted by Christ to represent and apply to believers the benefits of the new covenant by visible and outward signs.", "answer_with_proofs": "Baptism and the Lord's Supper differ from the other ordinances of God in that they were specially instituted by Christ to represent and apply to believers the benefits of the new covenant by visible and outward signs.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}, {"raw": "Acts.22.16", "osis": ["Acts.22.16"]}, {"raw": "Matt.26.26-Matt.26.28", "osis": ["Matt.26.26-Matt.26.28"]}, {"raw": "Rom.6.4", "osis": ["Rom.6.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "100", "sort_key": 100, "question": "What is Baptism?", "answer": "Baptism is an holy ordinance, wherein the washing with water in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, signifies our ingrafting into Christ and partaking of the benefits of the covenant of grace, and our engagement to be the Lord's.", "answer_with_proofs": "Baptism is an holy ordinance, wherein the washing with water in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, signifies our ingrafting into Christ and partaking of the benefits of the covenant of grace, and our engagement to be the Lord's.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}, {"raw": "Rom.6.3-Rom.6.5", "osis": ["Rom.6.3-Rom.6.5"]}, {"raw": "Col.2.12", "osis": ["Col.2.12"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.27", "osis": ["Gal.3.27"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "101", "sort_key": 101, "question": "To whom is Baptism to be administered?", "answer": "Baptism is to be administered to all those who actually profess repentance towards God, faith in, and obedience to our Lord Jesus Christ; and to none other.", "answer_with_proofs": "Baptism is to be administered to all those who actually profess repentance towards God, faith in, and obedience to our Lord Jesus Christ; and to none other.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.38", "osis": ["Acts.2.38"]}, {"raw": "Matt.3.6", "osis": ["Matt.3.6"]}, {"raw": "Mark.16.16", "osis": ["Mark.16.16"]}, {"raw": "Acts.8.12,Acts.8.36", "osis": ["Acts.8.12", "Acts.8.36"]}, {"raw": "Acts.10.47-Acts.10.48", "osis": ["Acts.10.47-Acts.10.48"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "102", "sort_key": 102, "question": "Are the infants of such as are professing believers to be baptized?", "answer": "The infants of such as are professing believers are not to be baptized; because there is neither command nor example in the Holy Scriptures, or certain consequence from them, to baptize such.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "103", "sort_key": 103, "question": "How is Baptism rightly administered?", "answer": "Baptism is rightly administered by immersion, or dipping the whole body of the person in water, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.", "answer_with_proofs": "Baptism is rightly administered by immersion, or dipping the whole body of the person in water, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.3.16", "osis": ["Matt.3.16"]}, {"raw": "John.3.23", "osis": ["John.3.23"]}, {"raw": "Acts.8.38-Acts.8.39", "osis": ["Acts.8.38-Acts.8.39"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "104", "sort_key": 104, "question": "What is the duty of those who are rightly baptized?", "answer": "It is the duty of those who are rightly baptized to give up (join) themselves to some visible and orderly church of Jesus Christ, that they may walk in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless.", "answer_with_proofs": "It is the duty of those who are rightly baptized to give up (join) themselves to some visible and orderly church of Jesus Christ, that they may walk in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.46-Acts.2.47", "osis": ["Acts.2.46-Acts.2.47"]}, {"raw": "Acts.9.26", "osis": ["Acts.9.26"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.2.5", "osis": ["1Pet.2.5"]}, {"raw": "Heb.10.25", "osis": ["Heb.10.25"]}, {"raw": "Rom.16.5", "osis": ["Rom.16.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "105", "sort_key": 105, "question": "What is the visible church?", "answer": "The visible church is the organized society of professing believers, in all ages and places, wherein the Gospel is truly preached and the ordinances of Baptism and the Lord's Supper rightly administered.", "answer_with_proofs": "The visible church is the organized society of professing believers, in all ages and places, wherein the Gospel is truly preached and the ordinances of Baptism and the Lord's Supper rightly administered.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.42", "osis": ["Acts.2.42"]}, {"raw": "Acts.20.7", "osis": ["Acts.20.7"]}, {"raw": "Acts.7.38", "osis": ["Acts.7.38"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.11-Eph.4.12", "osis": ["Eph.4.11-Eph.4.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "106", "sort_key": 106, "question": "What is the invisible church?", "answer": "The invisible church is the whole number of the elect, that have been, are, or shall be gathered into one under Christ the head.", "answer_with_proofs": "The invisible church is the whole number of the elect, that have been, are, or shall be gathered into one under Christ the head.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.10", "osis": ["Eph.1.10"]}, {"raw": "Eph.1.22-Eph.1.23", "osis": ["Eph.1.22-Eph.1.23"]}, {"raw": "John.10.16", "osis": ["John.10.16"]}, {"raw": "John.11.52", "osis": ["John.11.52"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "107", "sort_key": 107, "question": "What is the Lord's Supper?", "answer": "The Lord's Supper is a holy ordinance, wherein, by giving and receiving bread and wine, according to Christ's appointment, His death is showed forth, and the worthy receivers are, not after a corporeal and carnal manner, but by faith, made partakers of His body and blood, with all His benefits, to their spiritual nourishment, and growth in grace.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Lord's Supper is a holy ordinance, wherein, by giving and receiving bread and wine, according to Christ's appointment, His death is showed forth, and the worthy receivers are, not after a corporeal and carnal manner, but by faith, made partakers of His body and blood, with all His benefits, to their spiritual nourishment, and growth in grace.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.26", "osis": ["1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.26"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.10.16", "osis": ["1Cor.10.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "108", "sort_key": 108, "question": "What is required to the worthy receiving of the Lord's Supper?", "answer": "It is required of them that would worthily (that is, suitably) partake of the Lord's Supper, that they examine themselves, of their knowledge to discern the Lord's body; of their faith to feed upon Him; of their repentance, love, and new obedience: lest, coming unworthily, they eat and drink judgment to themselves.", "answer_with_proofs": "It is required of them that would worthily (that is, suitably) partake of the Lord's Supper, that they examine themselves, of their knowledge to discern the Lord's body; of their faith to feed upon Him; of their repentance, love, and new obedience: lest, coming unworthily, they eat and drink judgment to themselves.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.27-1Cor.11.31", "osis": ["1Cor.11.27-1Cor.11.31"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.5.8", "osis": ["1Cor.5.8"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.13.5", "osis": ["2Cor.13.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "109", "sort_key": 109, "question": "What is Prayer?", "answer": "Prayer is an offering up of our desires to God, for things agreeable to His will, in the name of Christ, with confession of our sins and thankful acknowledgment of His mercies.", "answer_with_proofs": "Prayer is an offering up of our desires to God, for things agreeable to His will, in the name of Christ, with confession of our sins and thankful acknowledgment of His mercies.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1John.5.14", "osis": ["1John.5.14"]}, {"raw": "1John.1.9", "osis": ["1John.1.9"]}, {"raw": "Phil.4.6", "osis": ["Phil.4.6"]}, {"raw": "Ps.10.17", "osis": ["Ps.10.17"]}, {"raw": "Ps.145.19", "osis": ["Ps.145.19"]}, {"raw": "John.14.13-John.14.14", "osis": ["John.14.13-John.14.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "110", "sort_key": 110, "question": "What rule has God given for our direction in prayer?", "answer": "The whole Word of God is of use to direct us in prayer, but the special rule of direction is that prayer, which Christ taught His disciples, commonly called the Lord's Prayer.", "answer_with_proofs": "The whole Word of God is of use to direct us in prayer, but the special rule of direction is that prayer, which Christ taught His disciples, commonly called the Lord's Prayer.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.9-Matt.6.13", "osis": ["Matt.6.9-Matt.6.13"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.3.16-2Tim.3.17", "osis": ["2Tim.3.16-2Tim.3.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "111", "sort_key": 111, "question": "What does the preface of the Lord's Prayer teach us?", "answer": "The preface of the Lord's Prayer, which is, \"Our Father, which art in heaven,\" teaches us to draw near to God, with all holy reverence and confidence, as children to a father, able and ready to help us, and that we should pray with and for others.", "answer_with_proofs": "The preface of the Lord's Prayer, which is, \"Our Father, which art in heaven,\" teaches us to draw near to God, with all holy reverence and confidence, as children to a father, able and ready to help us, and that we should pray with and for others.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.9", "osis": ["Matt.6.9"]}, {"raw": "Luke.11.13", "osis": ["Luke.11.13"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.15", "osis": ["Rom.8.15"]}, {"raw": "Acts.12.5", "osis": ["Acts.12.5"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.2.1-1Tim.2.3", "osis": ["1Tim.2.1-1Tim.2.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "112", "sort_key": 112, "question": "What do we pray for in the first petition?", "answer": "In the first petition, which is \"Hallowed be thy name,\" we pray that God would enable us and others to glorify Him in all that whereby He makes Himself known, and that He would dispose all things to His own glory.", "answer_with_proofs": "In the first petition, which is \"Hallowed be thy name,\" we pray that God would enable us and others to glorify Him in all that whereby He makes Himself known, and that He would dispose all things to His own glory.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.9", "osis": ["Matt.6.9"]}, {"raw": "Ps.67.1-Ps.67.3", "osis": ["Ps.67.1-Ps.67.3"]}, {"raw": "Rom.11.36", "osis": ["Rom.11.36"]}, {"raw": "Rev.4.11", "osis": ["Rev.4.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "113", "sort_key": 113, "question": "What do we pray for in the second petition?", "answer": "In the second petition, which is \"Thy kingdom come,\" we pray that satan's kingdom may be destroyed, and that the kingdom of grace may be advanced; ourselves and others brought into it, and kept in it, and that the kingdom of glory may be hastened.", "answer_with_proofs": "In the second petition, which is \"Thy kingdom come,\" we pray that satan's kingdom may be destroyed, and that the kingdom of grace may be advanced; ourselves and others brought into it, and kept in it, and that the kingdom of glory may be hastened.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.10", "osis": ["Matt.6.10"]}, {"raw": "Ps.68.1-Ps.68.18", "osis": ["Ps.68.1-Ps.68.18"]}, {"raw": "Rom.10.1", "osis": ["Rom.10.1"]}, {"raw": "2Thess.3.1", "osis": ["2Thess.3.1"]}, {"raw": "Matt.9.37-Matt.9.38", "osis": ["Matt.9.37-Matt.9.38"]}, {"raw": "Rev.22.20", "osis": ["Rev.22.20"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "114", "sort_key": 114, "question": "What do we pray for in the third petition?", "answer": "In the third petition, which is, \"Thy will be done in earth as it is in heaven,\" we pray that God by His grace, would make us able and willing to know, obey, and submit to His will in all things, as the angels do in heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": "In the third petition, which is, \"Thy will be done in earth as it is in heaven,\" we pray that God by His grace, would make us able and willing to know, obey, and submit to His will in all things, as the angels do in heaven.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.10", "osis": ["Matt.6.10"]}, {"raw": "Ps.103.20-Ps.103.21", "osis": ["Ps.103.20-Ps.103.21"]}, {"raw": "Ps.25.4-Ps.25.5", "osis": ["Ps.25.4-Ps.25.5"]}, {"raw": "Ps.119.26", "osis": ["Ps.119.26"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "115", "sort_key": 115, "question": "What do we pray for in the fourth petition?", "answer": "In the fourth petition, which is, \"Give us this day our daily bread,\" we pray that of God's free gift, we may receive a competent portion of the good things of this life and enjoy His blessing with them.", "answer_with_proofs": "In the fourth petition, which is, \"Give us this day our daily bread,\" we pray that of God's free gift, we may receive a competent portion of the good things of this life and enjoy His blessing with them.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.11", "osis": ["Matt.6.11"]}, {"raw": "Prov.30.8-Prov.30.9", "osis": ["Prov.30.8-Prov.30.9"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.6.6-1Tim.6.8", "osis": ["1Tim.6.6-1Tim.6.8"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.4.4-1Tim.4.5", "osis": ["1Tim.4.4-1Tim.4.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "116", "sort_key": 116, "question": "What do we pray for in the fifth petition?", "answer": "In the fifth petition, which is, \"And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors,\" we pray that God, for Christ's sake, would freely pardon all our sins; which we are the rather encouraged to ask, because by His grace we are enabled from the heart to forgive others.", "answer_with_proofs": "In the fifth petition, which is, \"And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors,\" we pray that God, for Christ's sake, would freely pardon all our sins; which we are the rather encouraged to ask, because by His grace we are enabled from the heart to forgive others.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.12", "osis": ["Matt.6.12"]}, {"raw": "Ps.51.1,Ps.51.3,Ps.51.7", "osis": ["Ps.51.1", "Ps.51.3", "Ps.51.7"]}, {"raw": "Mark.11.25", "osis": ["Mark.11.25"]}, {"raw": "Matt.18.35", "osis": ["Matt.18.35"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "117", "sort_key": 117, "question": "What do we pray for in the sixth petition?", "answer": "In the sixth petition, which is, \"And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil,\" we pray that God would either keep us from being tempted to sin, or support and deliver us when we are tempted.", "answer_with_proofs": "In the sixth petition, which is, \"And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil,\" we pray that God would either keep us from being tempted to sin, or support and deliver us when we are tempted.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.13", "osis": ["Matt.6.13"]}, {"raw": "Matt.26.41", "osis": ["Matt.26.41"]}, {"raw": "Ps.19.13", "osis": ["Ps.19.13"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.10.13", "osis": ["1Cor.10.13"]}, {"raw": "John.17.15", "osis": ["John.17.15"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "keachs-catechism", "_source_title": "Keach's Catechism", "_author": "William Collins", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "http://www.reformedreader.org/ccc/keachcat.htm", "document_id": "keachs-catechism", "item_id": "118", "sort_key": 118, "question": "What does the conclusion of the Lord's Prayer teach us?", "answer": "The conclusion of the Lord's Prayer, which is, \"For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, forever, Amen,\" teaches us to take our encouragement in prayer from God only, and in our prayers to praise Him, ascribing kingdom, power, and glory to Him; and in testimony of our desire, and assurance to be heard, we say, AMEN.", "answer_with_proofs": "The conclusion of the Lord's Prayer, which is, \"For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, forever, Amen,\" teaches us to take our encouragement in prayer from God only, and in our prayers to praise Him, ascribing kingdom, power, and glory to Him; and in testimony of our desire, and assurance to be heard, we say, AMEN.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.13", "osis": ["Matt.6.13"]}, {"raw": "Dan.9.18-Dan.9.19", "osis": ["Dan.9.18-Dan.9.19"]}, {"raw": "1Chr.29.11-1Chr.29.13", "osis": ["1Chr.29.11-1Chr.29.13"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.14.16", "osis": ["1Cor.14.16"]}, {"raw": "Phil.4.6", "osis": ["Phil.4.6"]}, {"raw": "Rev.22.20", "osis": ["Rev.22.20"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "1", "sort_key": 1, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "We must fear, love, and trust God more than anything else.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "I. The Ten Commandments -- The First Commandment -- You must not have other gods. (Exodus 20:3)", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "2", "sort_key": 2, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "We must fear and love God, so that we will not use His name to curse, swear, cast a spell, lie or deceive, but will use it to call upon Him, pray to Him, praise Him and thank Him in all times of trouble.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "I. The Ten Commandments -- The Second Commandment -- You must not misuse your God's name. (Exodus 20:7)", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "3", "sort_key": 3, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "We must fear and love God, so that we will not look down on preaching or God's Word, but consider it holy, listen to it willingly, and learn it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "I. The Ten Commandments -- The Third Commandment -- You must keep the Sabbath holy. (Exodus 20:8)", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "4", "sort_key": 4, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "We must fear and love God, so that we will neither look down on our parents or superiors nor irritate them, but will honor them, serve them, obey them, love them and value them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "I. The Ten Commandments -- The Fourth Commandment -- You must honor your father and mother. [So that things will go well for you and you will live long on earth]. (Exodus 20:12)", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "5", "sort_key": 5, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "We must fear and love God, so that we will neither harm nor hurt our neighbor's body, but help him and care for him when he is ill.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "I. The Ten Commandments -- The Fifth Commandment -- You must not kill. (Exodus 20:13)", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "6", "sort_key": 6, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "We must fear and love God, so that our words and actions will be clean and decent and so that everyone will love and honor their spouses.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "I. The Ten Commandments -- The Sixth Commandment -- You must not commit adultery. (Exodus 20:14)", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "7", "sort_key": 7, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "We must fear and love God, so that we will neither take our neighbor's money or property, nor acquire it by fraud or by selling him poorly made products, but will help him improve and protect his property and career.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "I. The Ten Commandments -- The Seventh Commandment -- You must not steal. (Exodus 20:15)", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "8", "sort_key": 8, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "We must fear and love God, so that we will not deceive by lying, betraying, slandering or ruining our neighbor's reputation, but will defend him, say good things about him, and see the best side of everything he does.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "I. The Ten Commandments -- The Eighth Commandment -- You must not tell lies about your neighbor. (Exodus 20:16 )", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "9", "sort_key": 9, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "We must fear and love God, so that we will not attempt to trick our neighbor out of his inheritance or house, take it by pretending to have a right to it, etc. but help him to keep & improve it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "I. The Ten Commandments -- The Ninth Commandment -- You must not desire your neighbor's house. (Exodus 20:17)", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "10", "sort_key": 10, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "We must fear and love God, so that we will not release our neighbor's cattle, take his employees from him or seduce his wife, but urge them to stay and do what they ought to do.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "I. The Ten Commandments -- The Tenth Commandment -- You must not desire your neighbor's wife, servant, maid, animals or anything that belongs to him. (Exodus 20:17)", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "11", "sort_key": 11, "question": "What does God say to us about all these commandments?", "answer": "This is what He says: \"I am the Lord Your God. I am a jealous God. I plague the grandchildren and great-grandchildren of those who hate me with their ancestor's sin. But I make whole those who love me for a thousand generations.\" (Exodus 20:5)", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "I. The Ten Commandments -- The Conclusion to the Commandments", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "12", "sort_key": 12, "question": "What does it mean?", "answer": "God threatens to punish everyone who breaks these commandments. We should be afraid of His anger because of this and not violate such commandments. But He promises grace and all good things to those who keep such commandments. Because of this, we, too, should love Him, trust Him, and willingly do what His commandments require.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "I. The Ten Commandments -- The Conclusion to the Commandments", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "13", "sort_key": 13, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "I believe that God created me, along with all creatures. He gave to me: my body and soul, my eyes, ears and all the other parts of my body, my mind and all my senses. He preserves them as well. He gives me clothing and shoes, food and drink, house and land, wife and children, fields, animals and all I own. Every day He abundantly provides everything I need to nourish this body and life. He protects me against all danger. he shields and defends me from all evil. He does all this because of His pure, fatherly and divine goodness and His mercy, not because I've earned it or deserved it. For all of this, I must thank Him, praise Him, serve Him and obey Him. Yes, this is true!", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "II. The Creed -- The First Article -- On Creation I believe in God the Almighty Father, Creator of Heaven and Earth.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "14", "sort_key": 14, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "I believe that Jesus Christ is truly God, born of the Father in eternity and also truly man, born of the Virgin Mary. He is my Lord! He redeemed me, a lost and condemned person, bought and won me from all sins, death and the authority of the Devil. It did not cost Him gold or silver, but His holy, precious blood, His innocent body--His death! Because of this, I am His very own, will live under Him in His kingdom and serve Him righteously, innocently and blessedly forever, just as He is risen from death, lives and reigns forever. Yes, this is true.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "II. The Creed -- The Second Article", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "15", "sort_key": 15, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "I believe that I cannot come to my Lord Jesus Christ by my own intelligence or power. But the Holy Spirit called me by the Gospel, enlightened me with His gifts, made me holy and kept me in the true faith, just as He calls, gathers together, enlightens and makes holy the whole Church on earth and keeps it with Jesus in the one, true faith. In this Church, He generously forgives each day every sin committed by me and by every believer. On the last day, He will raise me and all the dead from the grave. He will give eternal life to me and to all who believe in Christ. Yes, this is true!", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "II. The Creed -- The Third Article -- On Becoming Holy I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy Christian Church, the community of the saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and an everlasting life. Amen.", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "16", "sort_key": 16, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "In this introduction, God invites us to believe that He is our real Father and we are His real children, so that we will pray with trust and complete confidence, in the same way beloved children approach their beloved Father with their requests.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "III. The Our Father -- Introduction -- Our Father, Who is in Heaven. (Matthew 6:9)", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "17", "sort_key": 17, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "Of course, God's name is holy in and of itself, but by this request, we pray that He will make it holy among us, too.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "III. The Our Father -- The First Request -- May Your name be holy. (Matthew 6:9)", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "18", "sort_key": 18, "question": "How does this take place?", "answer": "It happens when God's Word is taught clearly and purely, and when we live holy lives as God's children based upon it. Help us, Heavenly Father, to do this! But anyone who teaches and lives by something other than God's Word defiles God's name among us. Protect us from this, Heavenly Father!", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "III. The Our Father -- The First Request", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "19", "sort_key": 19, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "Truly God's Kingdom comes by itself, without our prayer. But we pray in this request that it come to us as well.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "III. The Our Father -- The Second Request -- Your Kingdom come. (Matthew 6:10)", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "20", "sort_key": 20, "question": "How does this happen?", "answer": "It happens when the Heavenly Father gives us His Holy Spirit, so that we believe His holy Word by His grace and live godly lives here in this age and there in eternal life.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "III. The Our Father -- The Second Request", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "21", "sort_key": 21, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "Truly, God's good and gracious will is accomplished without our prayer. But we pray in this request that is accomplished among us as well.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "III. The Our Father -- The Third Request -- May Your will be accomplished. As it is Heaven, so may it be on Earth. (Matthew 6:10)", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "22", "sort_key": 22, "question": "How does this happen?", "answer": "It happens when God destroys and interferes with every evil will and all evil advice, which will not allow God's Kingdom to come, such as the Devil's will, the world's will and will of our bodily desires. It also happens when God strengthens us by faith and by His Word and keeps us living by them faithfully until the end of our lives. This is His will, good and full of grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "III. The Our Father -- The Third Request", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "23", "sort_key": 23, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "Truly, God gives daily bread to evil people, even without our prayer. But we pray in this request that He will help us realize this and receive our daily bread with thanksgiving.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "III. The Our Father -- The Fourth Request -- Give us today our daily bread. (Matthew 6:11)", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "24", "sort_key": 24, "question": "What does \"Daily bread\" mean?", "answer": "Everything that nourishes our body and meets its needs, such as: Food, drink, clothing, shoes, house, yard, fields, cattle, money, possessions, a devout spouse, devout children, devout employees, devout and faithful rulers, good government, good weather, peace, health, discipline, honor, good friends, faithful neighbors and other things like these.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "III. The Our Father -- The Fourth Request", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "25", "sort_key": 25, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "We pray in this request that our Heavenly Father will neither pay attention to our sins nor refuse requests such as these because of our sins and because we are neither worthy nor deserve the things for which we pray. Yet He wants to give them all to us by His grace, because many times each day we sin and truly deserve only punishment. Because God does this, we will, of course, want to forgive from our hearts and willingly do good to those who sin against us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "III. The Our Father -- The Fifth Request -- And forgive our guilt, as we forgive those guilty of sinning against us. (Matthew 6:12)", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "26", "sort_key": 26, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "God tempts no one, of course, but we pray in this request that God will protect us and save us, so that the Devil, the world and our bodily desires will neither deceive us nor seduce us into heresy, despair or other serious shame or vice, and so that we will win and be victorious in the end, even if they attack us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "III. The Our Father -- The Sixth Request -- And lead us not into temptation. (Matthew 6:12)", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "27", "sort_key": 27, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "We pray in this request, as a summary, that our Father in Heaven will save us from every kind of evil that threatens body, soul, property and honor. We pray that when at last our final hour has come, He will grant us a blessed death, and, in His grace, bring us to Himself from this valley of tears. Amen", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "III. The Our Father -- The Seventh Request -- But set us free from the Evil One. ( Matthew 6:12)", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "28", "sort_key": 28, "question": "What does this mean?", "answer": "That I should be certain that such prayers are acceptable to the Father in Heaven and will be granted, that He Himself has commanded us to pray in this way and that He promises to answer us. Amen. Amen. This means: Yes, yes it will happen this way.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "III. The Our Father -- The Seventh Request", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "29", "sort_key": 29, "question": "What is Baptism?", "answer": "Baptism is not just plain water, but it is water contained within God's command and united with God's Word.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "IV. The Sacrament of Holy Baptism -- The Simple Way a Father Should Present it to His Household", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "30", "sort_key": 30, "question": "Where in the Word of God is this?", "answer": "Where our Lord Christ spoke in the last chapter of Matthew (Matthew 28:19): \"Go into all the world, teaching all heathen nations, and baptizing them in the name of the Father, the Son and of the Holy Spirit.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "IV. The Sacrament of Holy Baptism -- The Simple Way a Father Should Present it to His Household", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "31", "sort_key": 31, "question": "What does Baptism give? What good is it?", "answer": "It gives us the forgiveness of sins, redeems us from death and the Devil, and gives eternal salvation to all who believe this, just as God's words and promises declare.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "IV. The Sacrament of Holy Baptism -- The Simple Way a Father Should Present it to His Household", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "32", "sort_key": 32, "question": "What are these words and promises of God?", "answer": "Our Lord Christ spoke one of them in the last chapter of Mark (Mark 16:16): \"Whoever believes and is baptized will be saved; but whoever does not believe will be damned.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "IV. The Sacrament of Holy Baptism -- The Simple Way a Father Should Present it to His Household", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "33", "sort_key": 33, "question": "How can water do such great things?", "answer": "Water doesn't make these things happen, of course. It is God's Word, which is with and in the water. Because, without God's Word, the water is plain water and not baptism. But with God's Word it is a Baptism, a grace-filled water of life, a bath of new birth in the Holy Spirit, as St. Paul said to Titus in the third chapter (Titus 3:5-8): \"Through this bath of rebirth and renewal of the Holy Spirit, which He poured out on us abundantly through Jesus Christ, our Savior, that we, justified by the same grace are made heirs according to the hope of eternal life. This is a faithful saying.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "IV. The Sacrament of Holy Baptism -- The Simple Way a Father Should Present it to His Household", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "34", "sort_key": 34, "question": "What is the meaning of such a water Baptism?", "answer": "It means that the old Adam in us should be drowned by daily sorrow and repentance, and die with all sins and evil lusts, and, in turn, a new person daily come forth and rise from death again. He will live forever before God in righteousness and purity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "IV. The Sacrament of Holy Baptism -- The Simple Way a Father Should Present it to His Household", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "35", "sort_key": 35, "question": "Where is this written?", "answer": "St. Paul says to the Romans in Chapter Six (Romans 6:4): \"We are buried with Christ through Baptism into death, so that, in the same way Christ is risen from the dead by the glory of the Father, thus also must we walk in a new life.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "IV. The Sacrament of Holy Baptism -- The Simple Way a Father Should Present it to His Household", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "36", "sort_key": 36, "question": "What is confession?", "answer": "Confession has two parts: First, a person admits his sin Second, a person receives absolution or forgiveness from the confessor, as if from God Himself, without doubting it, but believing firmly that his sins are forgiven by God in Heaven through it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "V. How You Should Teach the Uneducated to Confess", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "37", "sort_key": 37, "question": "Which sins should people confess?", "answer": "When speaking to God, we should plead guilty to all sins, even those we don't know about, just as we do in the \"Our Father,\" but when speaking to the confessor, only the sins we know about, which we know about and feel in our hearts.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "V. How You Should Teach the Uneducated to Confess", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "38", "sort_key": 38, "question": "Which are these?", "answer": "Consider here your place in life according to the Ten Commandments. Are you a father? A mother? A son? A daughter? A husband? A wife? A servant? Are you disobedient, unfaithful or lazy? Have you hurt anyone with your words or actions? Have you stolen, neglected your duty, let", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "V. How You Should Teach the Uneducated to Confess", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "39", "sort_key": 39, "question": "things go or injured someone?", "answer": "Please suggest to me a simple way to confess. You should speak to your confessor this way: Honorable, dear Sir: Would you please hear my confession and pronounce forgiveness according to God's will. He will respond: Yes. Please go ahead. Then say: I confess in the presence of God that I am a poor sinner and guilty of every kind of sin. I specifically admit to you that I am a servant, maid, etc., but I'm afraid that I have served my master unfaithfully. >From time to time, I have not done what I was told to do. I have angered them and caused them to swear at me. I have neglected my duty and allowed damage to be done. My words and actions have been shameful. I have been angry with my peers. I have complained about my master's wife and sworn at her, etc. I am sorry for all of this and ask for grace. I want to do better. A master or a lady of the house should speak this way: I specifically confess to you that I have not faithfully led my children, servants or wife to God's glory. I have cursed. I have set a bad example with my obscene words and actions. I have hurt my neighbor and spoken evil things about him. I have charged him too much, cheated him and sold him badly made goods. Let him also confess any other sins against God's commandments and his place in life, etc. If a person is not burdened with sins such as these or greater sins, he should not look for other sins or invent them, because that would turn confession into torture. Instead, he should mention one or two that he knows about. For example: specifically I confess that I once cursed. Once I used inappropriate language. Once I neglected to do this or that thing, etc. Let that be enough. If you do not know of anything you have done wrong (which does not seem possible), do not say anything in specific, but receive forgiveness based upon the general confession you make to God in the presence of your confessor. After this, the Confessor will say: May God be merciful to you and strengthen your faith! Then he will ask:", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "V. How You Should Teach the Uneducated to Confess", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "40", "sort_key": 40, "question": "Do you also believe that the forgiveness I give is God's forgiveness?", "answer": "Then you will answer: Yes, dear sir. After this, he will say: May what you believe happen to you. And by the command of my Lord Jesus, I forgive your sins in the Name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Amen. Go in peace! The confessor will know how to use additional passages to comfort and to encourage the faith of those who sorrow, are troubled or whose conscience is greatly burdened. This is only meant to be a general confession for the uneducated.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "V. How You Should Teach the Uneducated to Confess", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "41", "sort_key": 41, "question": "What is the Sacrament of the Altar?", "answer": "It is the true body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ under bread and wine for us Christians to eat and to drink, established by Christ Himself.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "VI. The Sacrament of the Altar -- The Simple Way a Father Should Present it to his Household", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "42", "sort_key": 42, "question": "Where is that written?", "answer": "The holy apostles Matthew, Mark and Luke and St. Paul write this: \"Our Lord Jesus Christ, in the night on which He was betrayed, took bread, gave thanks, broke it, gave it to His disciples and said: 'Take! Eat! This is My body, which is given for you. Do this to remember Me!' In the same way He also took the cup after supper, gave thanks, gave it to them, and said: 'Take and drink from it, all of you! This cup is the New Testament in my blood, which is shed for you to forgive sins. This do, as often as you drink it, to remember Me!'\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "VI. The Sacrament of the Altar -- The Simple Way a Father Should Present it to his Household", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "43", "sort_key": 43, "question": "What good does this eating and drinking do?", "answer": "These words tell us: \"Given for you\" and \"Shed for you to forgive sins.\" Namely, that the forgiveness of sins, life and salvation are given to us through these words in the sacrament. Because, where sins are forgiven, there is life and salvation as well.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "VI. The Sacrament of the Altar -- The Simple Way a Father Should Present it to his Household", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "44", "sort_key": 44, "question": "How can physical eating and drinking do such great things?", "answer": "Of course, eating and drinking do not do these things. These words, written here, do them: \"given for you\" and \"shed for you to forgive sins.\" These words, along with physical eating and drinking are the important part of the sacrament. Anyone who believes these words has what they say and what they record, namely, the forgiveness of sins.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "VI. The Sacrament of the Altar -- The Simple Way a Father Should Present it to his Household", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "_source_title": "Luther's Small Catechism", "_author": "Martin Luther", "_contributors": [{"name": "Robert E. Smith (translator, 1994; revised 2002, 2004)"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "public-domain", "_source_url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1670/pg1670.txt", "document_id": "luthers-small-catechism", "item_id": "45", "sort_key": 45, "question": "Who, then, receives such a sacrament in a worthy way?", "answer": "Of course, fasting and other physical preparations are excellent disciplines for the body. But anyone who believes these words, \"Given for you,\" and \"Shed for you to forgive sins,\" is really worthy and well prepared. But whoever doubts or does not believe these words is not worthy and is unprepared, because the words, \"for you\" demand a heart that fully believes.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": "VI. The Sacrament of the Altar -- The Simple Way a Father Should Present it to his Household", "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "1", "sort_key": 1, "question": "What is the chief end of man?", "answer": "Man's chief end is to glorify God, and enjoy him forever.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is man a reasonable creature?", "answer": "Yes: For there is a spirit in man, and the inspiration of the Almighty giveth him understanding, Job 32:8."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Has he greater capacities than the brutes?", "answer": "Yes: God teacheth us more than the beasts of the earth, and maketh us wiser than the fowls of heaven, Job 35:11."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is man his own maker?", "answer": "No: It is God that hath made us, and not we ourselves, Psalm 100:3."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is he then his own master?", "answer": "No: There is a Lord over us, Psalm 12:4."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is he his own carver?", "answer": "No: Should it be according to thy mind, Job 34:33."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Is he his own end?", "answer": "No: For none of us lives to himself, or dies to himself, Romans 14:7."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is it your business in the world to serve the flesh?", "answer": "No: For we are not debtors to the flesh, that we should live after the flesh, Rom. 8:12."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Is it to pursue the world?", "answer": "No: For we are not of the world, John 17:16."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is your happiness bound up in the creature?", "answer": "No: For all is vanity and vexation of spirit, Eccl. 1:14."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Will the riches of the world make you happy?", "answer": "No: For a man's life consisteth not in the abundance of the things which he possesseth, Luke 12:15."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Will the praise and applause of men make you happy?", "answer": "No: For it is vain glory, Gal. 5:26."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Will sport and pleasure make you happy?", "answer": "No: For the wise man said of laughter, It is mad, and of mirth, What doth it? Eccl. 2:2."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Can the gain of the world make you happy?", "answer": "No, For what is a man profited, if he gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? Matthew 16:26."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Is God then your chief end?", "answer": "Yes, For of him, and through him, and to him are all things, Rom. 11:36."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Were you made for him?", "answer": "Yes: This people have I formed for myself, Isa. 43:21."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Were you redeemed for him?", "answer": "Yes: Ye are not your own, for ye are bought with a price, 1 Cor. 6:19,20."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Is it your chief business to glorify God?", "answer": "Yes: We must glorify God in our body and in our spirit, which are God's, I Cor. 6:20."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Must this be ultimately designed in all our actions?", "answer": "Yes: Do all to the glory of God, 1 Cor. 10:31."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Is God glorified by our praises?", "answer": "Yes: He that offers praise, glorifies me, Ps. 50:23."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "And is he glorified by our works?", "answer": "Yes: Herein is my Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit, John 15:8."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Is God your chief good?", "answer": "Yes: For happy is the people whose God is the Lord, Ps. 144:15."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "Does all good come from him?", "answer": "Yes: For with him is the fountain of life, Ps. 36:9."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "And is all good enjoyed in him?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord is the portion of my inheritance, and of my cup, Ps. 16:5."}, {"item_id": "8a", "question": "Is it your chief happiness then to have God's favour?", "answer": "Yes: For in his favour is life, Ps. 30:5."}, {"item_id": "8b", "question": "Is that the most desirable good?", "answer": "Yes: For his loving kindness is better than life, Ps. 63:3."}, {"item_id": "8c", "question": "Do you desire it above any good?", "answer": "Yes: Lord, lift thou up the light of thy countenance upon us, Ps. 4:6,7."}, {"item_id": "8d", "question": "And should you give all diligence to make it sure?", "answer": "Yes: Herein we labour, that whether present or absent, we may be accepted of the Lord, 2 Cor. 5:9."}, {"item_id": "9a", "question": "Is communion with God in grace here the best pleasure?", "answer": "Yes: It is good for me to draw near to God, Ps. 73:28."}, {"item_id": "9b", "question": "Is the vision and fruition of God in glory hereafter the best portion?", "answer": "Yes: For in his presence there is fulness of joy, Ps. 16:11."}, {"item_id": "9c", "question": "Will you therefore set your heart upon this chief good?", "answer": "Yes: Lord, whom have I in heaven but thee? and there is none upon earth that I desire besides thee; when my flesh and my heart fail, God is the strength of my heart and my portion for ever, Ps. 73:25,26."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "2", "sort_key": 2, "question": "What rule has God given to direct us how we may glorify and enjoy him?", "answer": "The word of God (which is contained in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament) is the only rule to direct us how we may glorify and enjoy him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Do we need a rule to direct us to our chief end?", "answer": "Yes: For we all like sheep have gone astray, Isa. 53:6."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Could we not find it out of ourselves?", "answer": "No: For man is born like the wild ass's colt, Job 11:12."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is divine revelation necessary to religion?", "answer": "Yes: For faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of God, Rom. 10:17."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is not the light of nature suffcient without it?", "answer": "No: For the world by wisdom knew not God, 1 Cor. 1:21."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Has God therefore given us a revelation?", "answer": "Yes: He hath showed thee, O man, what is good, Mic. 6:3."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Was there revelation from the beginning?", "answer": "Yes: At sundry times, and in divers manners, God spake unto the fathers, Heb. 1:1."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Are the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament the word of God, and a divine revelation?", "answer": "Yes: For all Scripture is given by inspiration of God, 2 Tim. 3:16."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Were they indited by the blessed Spirit?", "answer": "Yes: For holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost, 2 Pet. 1:21."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Were they confirmed by miracles?", "answer": "Yes; God also bearing them witness both with signs and wonders, Heb. 2:4."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Do they recommend themselves?", "answer": "Yes; For the word of God is quick and powerful, Heb. 4:12."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Is not the Bible then a cheat put upon the world?", "answer": "No: For these are not the words of him that hath a devil, John 10:21."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Was the book of the Scripture written for our use?", "answer": "Yes: Whatsoever things were written aforetime, were written for our learning, Rom. 15:4."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "And is it of great use?", "answer": "Yes: For it is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, 2 Tim. 3:16."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Are the Scriptures the great support of our religion?", "answer": "Yes: For we are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Eph. 2:20."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Are they the standing rule of our faith and practice?", "answer": "Yes: We first have recourse to the law and to the testimony. Isa. 8:20."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Are they the only rule?", "answer": "Yes: For other foundation can no man lay, 1 Cor. 3:11."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Are they our guide?", "answer": "Yes: For the commandment is a lamp, and the law is light, Prov. 6:23."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Do they show us the way to heaven and happiness?", "answer": "Yes: For in them we thing we have eternal life, and they are they which testify of Christ, John 5:39."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Are the Scriptures our oracle which we must consult?", "answer": "Yes: What is written in the law, how readest thou? Luke 10:26."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Are they our touchstone which we must try by?", "answer": "Yes: If they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them, Isaiah 8:20."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Are they the weapons of our spiritual warfare?", "answer": "Yes: Get thee hence, Satan, for it is written, Matthew 6:10; Ephesians 6:17."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Is the written word a sufficient rule?", "answer": "Yes: For the law of the Lord is perfect, Psalm 19:7."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "Is it plain?", "answer": "Yes: For the word is nigh thee, Romans 10:8."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "Is the church's authority the rule of our faith?", "answer": "No: For our faith should not stand in the wisdom of men, 1 Corinthians 2:5."}, {"item_id": "7d", "question": "May we depend upon unwritten traditions?", "answer": "No: For we must refuse profane and old wives' fables, 1 Timothy 4:7."}, {"item_id": "8a", "question": "Will the written word be the rule of our judgment hereafter?", "answer": "Yes: For we must be judged by the law of liberty, James 2:12."}, {"item_id": "8b", "question": "Ought we therefore to be ruled by it now?", "answer": "Yes: As many as walk according to this rule, peace shall be on them, Galatians 6:16."}, {"item_id": "8c", "question": "And to be comforted by it?", "answer": "Yes: For through patience and comfort of the Scriptures we have hope, Romans 15:4."}, {"item_id": "9a", "question": "Are the Scriptures to be translated into vulgar tongues?", "answer": "Yes: For we should hear them speak in our tongues the wonderful works of God, Acts 2:11."}, {"item_id": "9b", "question": "And must we study them?", "answer": "Yes: Search the Scriptures, John 5:39."}, {"item_id": "9c", "question": "And labour to understand them?", "answer": "Yes: Understandest thou what thou readest? Acts 8:30."}, {"item_id": "9d", "question": "And must we rest satisfied with this revelation of God's will?", "answer": "Yes: For if we believe not Moses and the prophets, neither would we be persuaded though one rose from the dead, Luke 16:31."}, {"item_id": "9e", "question": "Is it a great affront to God to neglect his word?", "answer": "Yes: I have written unto them the great things of my law, but they were counted as a strange thing, Hosea 8:12."}, {"item_id": "10a", "question": "Must little children get the knowledge of the Scripture?", "answer": "Yes: Timothy is commended for this, that from a child he knew the Holy Scriptures, 2 Timothy 3:15."}, {"item_id": "10b", "question": "And must their parents instruct them therein?", "answer": "Yes: They must teach them diligently unto their children, and talk of them, Deuteronomy 6:7."}, {"item_id": "11a", "question": "Must we all love the word of God?", "answer": "Yes: O how love I thy law!"}, {"item_id": "11b", "question": "And must we meditate therein?", "answer": "Yes: It is my meditation all the day, Psalm 119:97."}, {"item_id": "11c", "question": "And will this be to our own advantage?", "answer": "Yes: For it is able to make us wise to salvation, 2 Timothy 3:15."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "3", "sort_key": 3, "question": "What do the Scriptures principally teach?", "answer": "The Scriptures principally teach, what man is to believe concerning God, and what duty God requires of man.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is it necessary that we have a faith concerning God?", "answer": "Yes: For he that comes to God must believe that he is, and that he is the rewarder of them that diligently seek him, Hebrews 11:6."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Can we have that faith without being taught?", "answer": "No: For how shall they believe in him of whom they have not heard? Romans 10:14."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "And have they not heard?", "answer": "Yes: Verily their sound went into all the earth, and their words to the ends of the world, Romans 10:18."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is not the knowledge of God a great privilege?", "answer": "Yes: For this is life eternal, to know thee the only true God, John 17:3."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is it not the best knowledge?", "answer": "Yes: For the knowledge of the holy is understanding, Proverbs 9:10."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Does the Scripture teach us that knowledge?", "answer": "Yes: For if we receive those words, and hide those commandments with us, then shall we understand the fear of the Lord, and find the knowledge of God, Proverbs 2:1, 5."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Do not the works of creation prove that there is a God?", "answer": "Yes: For we understand by the things that are made his eternal power and godhead, Romans 1:20."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And do not the works of providence prove it?", "answer": "Yes: For verily there is a God that judgeth in the earth, Psalm 58:11"}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "But do not the Scriptures tell us best what God is?", "answer": "Yes: For no man hath seen God at any time, the only-begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him, John 1:18."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Are we all concerned to get the knowledge of God?", "answer": "Yes: We should all know him, from the least even to the greatest, Hebrews 8:11."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Must children get that knowledge?", "answer": "Yes: I write unto you, little children, because you have known the Father, 1 John 2:13."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And must we all grow in that knowledge?", "answer": "Yes: We must follow on to know the Lord, Hosea 6:3."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Are we to believe what the Scripture reveals concerning God?", "answer": "Yes: For these things are written that we may believe, John 20:31."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "And must we believe all that the Scripture reveals?", "answer": "Yes: Believing all things which are written in the law and the prophets, Acts 24:14."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Must we believe that which is not revealed?", "answer": "No: For the things of God knows no man, but the Spirit of God, 1 Cor. 2:11."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Does God require duty of man?", "answer": "Yes: For unto man He said, Behold the fear of the Lord, that is wisdom; and to depart from evil, that is understanding, Job 28:28."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Is it enough to believe the truth revealed, if we do not the duty that is required?", "answer": "No: For faith without works is dead, James 2:26."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Is it enough to do the duty required, though we do not believe the truth revealed?", "answer": "No: For he that believeth not God, hath made him a liar, 1 John 5:10."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Does the Scripture teach us what duty God requires?", "answer": "Yes: He has showed thee what the Lord thy God requires of thee, Mic. 6:8."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "And must we do the duty that the Scripture teaches?", "answer": "Yes: We must observe to do according to all that is written therein, and not turn from it to the right hand, or to the left, Josh. 1:7."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "Must this obedience always accompany faith?", "answer": "Yes: For they which have believed in God must be careful to maintain good works, Tit. 3:8."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "4", "sort_key": 4, "question": "What is God?", "answer": "God is a Spirit, infinite, eternal, and unchangeable in his being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness, and truth.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is God a Spirit?", "answer": "Yes: For Christ himself has said, God is a Spirit, John 4:24."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is he a pure Spirit?", "answer": "Yes: For God is light, and with him is no darkness at all, 1 John 1:5."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Has he a body as we have?", "answer": "No: Hast thou eyes of flesh? or seest thou as a man seeth? Job 10:4."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Can he be seen with bodily eyes?", "answer": "No. For he is one whom no man hath seen, or can see, 1 Tim. 6:16."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Are not the angels spirits?", "answer": "Yes: He maketh his angels spirits, Ps. 104:4."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "Are not the souls of men spirits?", "answer": "Yes: For he formeth the spirit of man within him, Zech. 12:1."}, {"item_id": "1g", "question": "But is God a Spirit like unto them?", "answer": "No: For he is the Father of spirits, Heb. 12:9."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is God infinite?", "answer": "Yes: For we cannot by searching find out God, Job 11:7."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is he contained in any place?", "answer": "No: For the heaven of heavens cannot contain him, 1 Kings 8:27."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is he everywhere present?", "answer": "Yes: For whither can we go from his Spirit, or flee from his presence? Ps. 139:7."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Can any hide himself in secret places that God shall not see him?", "answer": "No: For do not I fill heaven and earth, saith the Lord, Jer. 23:24."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is God eternal?", "answer": "Yes: From everlasting to everlasting, thou art God, Ps. 90:2."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Had he beginning of days?", "answer": "No: For he is the Ancient of days, Dan. 7:9."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Shall there be any end of his life?", "answer": "No: For he is the same, and his years have no end, Ps. 102:27."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Is there with him any succession of time?", "answer": "No: For his days are not as the days of man, Job 10:5."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Can he die?", "answer": "No: He is the only potentate, that hath immortality, 1 Tim. 6:16."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is God unchangeable?", "answer": "Yes: For he is the Father of lights, with whom is no variableness, nor shadow of turning, Jam. 1:17."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Is there any decay of his perfections?", "answer": "No: For he fainteth not, neither is weary, Isa. 40:28."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Is there any alteration in his counsels?", "answer": "No: For he is not a man that he should repent, 1 Sam. 15:29."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Is it well for us that he is unchangeable?", "answer": "Yes: I am the Lord, I change not, therefore ye sons of Jacob are not consumed, Mal. 3:6."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Is God infinite in his being?", "answer": "Yes: For he has said, I AM THAT I AM, Exod. 3:14."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Is he self-existent?", "answer": "Yes: For the Father hath life in himself John 5:26."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Is he the best of beings?", "answer": "Yes: For who is a God like unto him? Exod. 15:11."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Is he the first of causes?", "answer": "Yes: For he is the Father, of whom are all things, and we in him, 1 Cor. 8:6."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Is he the highest of powers?", "answer": "Yes: For he King of kings, and Lord of lords, 1 Tim. 6:15."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Is he a God of perfect knowledge?", "answer": "Yes: For his understanding is infinite, Ps. 147:5."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Can any thing be hid from him?", "answer": "No: For all things are naked and opened unto the eyes of him with whom we have to do, Heb. 4:13."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Does he know things to come?", "answer": "Yes: For he declareth the end from the beginning, Isa. 46:10."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Does he know our hearts?", "answer": "Yes: For he understandeth our thoughts afar off; Ps. 139:2."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "Does he know all our actions?", "answer": "Yes: For his eyes are upon the ways of man, Job 34:21."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Is God infinitely wise?", "answer": "Yes: For wisdom and might are his, Dan. 2:20."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "Are all his works wisely done?", "answer": "Yes: In wisdom he hath made them all, Ps. 104:24."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "And particularly the work of redemption?", "answer": "Yes: For it is the wisdom of God in a mystery, 1 Cor. 2:7."}, {"item_id": "7d", "question": "Can the wisdom of God's counsels be fathomed?", "answer": "No: O the depth of the riches of the wisdom and knowledge of God! Rom. 11:33."}, {"item_id": "8a", "question": "Is. he a God of power?", "answer": "Yes: God hath spoken once, twice have I heard this, that power belongeth unto God, Ps. 62:11."}, {"item_id": "8b", "question": "Is he Almighty?", "answer": "Yes: He is the Lord God Almighty, Rev. 15:3."}, {"item_id": "8c", "question": "Is his power irresistible?", "answer": "Yes: For none can stay his hand, Dan. 4:35."}, {"item_id": "8d", "question": "Is his sovereignty incontestable?", "answer": "Yes: For he giveth not account of any of his matters, Job 33:13."}, {"item_id": "8e", "question": "Is any thing too hard for him?", "answer": "No: For with God all things are possible, Matt. 19:26."}, {"item_id": "9a", "question": "Is he a God of perfect holiness?", "answer": "Yes: For holy, holy, holy, is the Lord of hosts, Isa. 6:3."}, {"item_id": "9b", "question": "Is there iniquity with God?", "answer": "No: He is of purer eyes than to behold iniquity, Heb. 1:13."}, {"item_id": "9c", "question": "Is this his glory?", "answer": "Yes: For he is glorious in holiness, Exod. 15:11."}, {"item_id": "9d", "question": "And must we give him the glory of it?", "answer": "Yes: Give thanks at the remembrance of his holiness, Ps. 30:4."}, {"item_id": "9e", "question": "And must we study herein to resemble him?", "answer": "Yes: Be ye holy, for I am holy, I Pet. 1:16."}, {"item_id": "10a", "question": "Is he a just and righteous Governor?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord is righteous in all his ways, Ps. 145:17."}, {"item_id": "10b", "question": "Did he ever do wrong to any of' his creatures?", "answer": "No: There is no unrighteousness in him, Ps. 92:15."}, {"item_id": "10c", "question": "And does justice please him?", "answer": "Yes: The righteous Lord loveth righteousness, Ps. 11:7."}, {"item_id": "11a", "question": "Is he a merciful God?", "answer": "Yes: He is the Lord, the Lord God, merciful and gracious, Exod. 34:6."}, {"item_id": "11b", "question": "And a good God?", "answer": "Yes: Thou art good, and dost good, Ps. 119:68."}, {"item_id": "11c", "question": "Is he universally good?", "answer": "Yes: For he is good to all, and his tender mercies are over all his works, Ps. 145:9."}, {"item_id": "11d", "question": "Is he in a special manner good to his own people?", "answer": "Yes: For truly God is good to Israel, Ps 73:1."}, {"item_id": "11e", "question": "And should we acquaint ourselves with his goodness?", "answer": "Yes: O taste, and see that the Lord is good, Ps. 34:8."}, {"item_id": "12a", "question": "Is he a God of truth?", "answer": "Yes: The truth of the Lord endures for ever, Ps. 117:2."}, {"item_id": "12b", "question": "Will he perform all his promises?", "answer": "Yes: For he is faithful that hath promised, Heb. 10:23."}, {"item_id": "12c", "question": "Is there any danger of his deceiving us?", "answer": "No: It is impossible for God to lie, Heb. 6:18."}, {"item_id": "13a", "question": "Is this a complete description of God?", "answer": "No: For, lo, these are but part of his ways; and how little a portion is heard of him! Job 26:14."}, {"item_id": "13b", "question": "Must we therefore always speak of God with reverence?", "answer": "Yes: For behold God is great, and we know him not, Job 36:26."}, {"item_id": "13c", "question": "And must we pray to him to teach us what we shall say?", "answer": "Yes: For we cannot order our speech by reason of darkness, Job 37:19."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "5", "sort_key": 5, "question": "Are there more gods than one?", "answer": "There is but one only, the living and true God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Are there many gods?", "answer": "No: For though there be that are called gods, yet there is but one God, 1 Cor. 8:5, 6."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Can there be any but one?", "answer": "No: For he has said, I am God, and there is none else; I am God, and there is none like me, Isa 46:9."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Are you sure there is but one?", "answer": "Yes: For the Lord our God is one Lord and there is none other but he, Mark 12:29, 32."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is the God whom we serve that one God?", "answer": "Yes: For Jehovah he is God, Jehovah he is God, 1 Kings 18:39."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is he infinitely above all pretenders?", "answer": "Yes: For he is a great King above all gods, Ps. 95:3."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is he God alone?", "answer": "Yes: O Lord of hosts, God of Israel, thou art the God, even thou alone, Isa. 37:16."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Are all other gods false gods?", "answer": "Yes. For all the gods of the nations are idols, but the Lord made the heavens, Ps. 96:5."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is our God the true God?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord he is the true God, Jer. 10:10."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Is he the only true God?", "answer": "Yes: This is life eternal, to know the only true God John 17:3."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Is he the living God?", "answer": "Yes: The living God, and an everlasting King, Jer. 10:10."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Is he the Sovereign Lord?", "answer": "Yes: For he is God over all, blessed for evermore, Rom. 9:5."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Is this one God enough?", "answer": "Yes: For he is God All-Sufficient, Gen. 17:1."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is the Lord Jehovah the maker of all things?", "answer": "Yes: He is the everlasting God, even the Lord, the Creator of the ends of the earth, Isa. 40:28."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Is he your Maker?", "answer": "Yes: He is the Lord our Maker, Ps. 95:6."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Is he the owner of all things?", "answer": "Yes: For he is the most high God, possessor of heaven and earth, Gen. 14:19."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Is he your rightful owner?", "answer": "Yes: We are the people of his pasture, and the sheep of his hand, Ps. 95:7."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Is he the ruler of all things?", "answer": "Yes: For his kingdom ruleth over all, Ps. 103:19."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Is he your ruler?", "answer": "Yes: O Lord, truly I am thy servant, I am thy servant, Ps. 116:16."}, {"item_id": "4g", "question": "Is he the benefactor of all the creatures?", "answer": "Yes: For he giveth to all life, and breath, and all things, Acts 17:25."}, {"item_id": "4h", "question": "Is he your benefactor?", "answer": "Yes: For he daily loadeth us with his benefits, Ps. 68:19."}, {"item_id": "4i", "question": "Shall he therefore be yours by your own consent?", "answer": "Yes: O God, thou art my God, Ps. 63:1."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "6", "sort_key": 6, "question": "How many persons are there in the Godhead?", "answer": "There are three persons in the Godhead; the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost; and these three are one God; the same in substance, equal in power and glory.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Are there three gods?", "answer": "No: For the Lord is one, and his name one, Zech. 14:9."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is there more than one person in the Godhead?", "answer": "Yes: For God said, Let us make man, Gen. 1.26."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Are there distinct persons in the Godhead?", "answer": "Yes: For he who is the brightness of his Father's glory, is the express image of his person, Heb. 1:3."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Are there three persons in the Godhead?", "answer": "Yes: For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost, 1 John 5:7."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is the Father God?", "answer": "Yes: For there is one God and Father of all, Eph. 4:6."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is Jesus Christ the Word?", "answer": "Yes: His name is called the Word of God, Rev. 19:13."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is the Word God?", "answer": "Yes: For in the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God, John 1:1."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Is the Holy Ghost a divine person?", "answer": "Yes: For the Spirit searcheth all things, 1 Cor. 2:10."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is it the personal property of the Father to beget the Son?", "answer": "Yes: Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee, Ps. 2:7."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Is it the personal property of the Son to be begotten of the Father?", "answer": "Yes: For he is the only-begotten of the Father, John 1:14."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Is it the personal property of the Holy Ghost to proceed from the Father and the Son?", "answer": "Yes: For Christ says, I will send you the Comforter, even the Spirit of truth, which proceedeth from the Father, John 15:26."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Are these three one God?", "answer": "Yes: For it is said expressly, these three are one, 1 John 5:7."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Are they the same in substance, and equal in power and glory?", "answer": "Yes: For Christ says, I and my Father are one, John 10:30."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Can this doctrine be measured by reason?", "answer": "No: For flesh and blood hath not revealed it to us, Matt. 16:17."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "But ought we to believe it?", "answer": "Yes: For we are baptized in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, Matt. 28:19. And we are blessed with the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Ghost, 2 Cor. 13:14."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "And ought we to improve it?", "answer": "Yes: That we all may be one, as the Father is in Christ, and he in the Father, that we also may be one in them, John 17:21."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "7", "sort_key": 7, "question": "What are the decrees of God?", "answer": "The decrees of God are his eternal purposes, according to the counsel of his own will : whereby for his own glory he hath foreordained whatever comes to pass.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Does God dispose of all things that come to pass?", "answer": "Yes: My times are in thy hand, Ps. 31:15."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Does he do it according to his own will?", "answer": "Yes: For he hath done whatsoever he pleased, Ps. 115:2."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Can any control his will?", "answer": "No: For he doth according to his will in the armies of heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth, Dan. 4:35."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Has he determined before what he will do?", "answer": "Yes: For known unto God are all his works, from the beginning of the world, Acts 15:18."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is there a counsel then in all the will of God?", "answer": "Yes: For he worketh all things after the counsel of his own will, Eph. 1:11."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is it an eternal counsel?", "answer": "Yes: For it was ordained before the world, 1 Cor. 2:7."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is it free?", "answer": "Yes: Even so Father, for so it seemed good in thy sight, Matt. 11:26."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Is it unchangeable?", "answer": "Yes: The counsel of the Lord standeth for ever, Ps. 33:11."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Is it for his own glory?", "answer": "Yes: That we should be to the praise of his glory, Eph. 1:12."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Were all the events of time ordained from eternity?", "answer": "Yes: He performeth the thing that is appointed for me, Job 23:14."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Does any thing come to pass by chance?", "answer": "No: For the lot is cast into the lap; but the whole disposing thereof is of the Lord, Prov. 16:33."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Does every thing come to pass as God has ordained it?", "answer": "Yes: For there are many devices in a man's heart; nevertheless the counsel of the Lord, that shall stand, Prov. 19:21."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "4.Can we search out God's counsels?", "answer": "No: For his judgments are a great deep, Ps. 36:6."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Ought we not therefore to acquiesce in them?", "answer": "Yes: Here am I, let him do to me as seemeth good unto him, 2 Sam. 15:26."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "May we question God's proceedings?", "answer": "No: For his thoughts are above our thoughts, Isa. 55:9."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "8", "sort_key": 8, "question": "How does God execute his decrees?", "answer": "God executes his decrees in the works of creation and providence.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Shall all God's decrees be executed?", "answer": "Yes: For the Lord of hosts hath sworn, surely as I have thought, so shall it come to pass, Isa. 14:24."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Can any of them be defeated?", "answer": "No: For the Lord of hosts hath purposed, and who shall disannul it? Isa. 14:27."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Did God execute his decree in the work of creation?", "answer": "Yes: He hath created all things, and for his pleasure they are and were created, Rev. 4:11."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "And does he execute his decrees in the works of providence?", "answer": "Yes: For out of the mouth of the Most High both evil and good proceed, Lam. 3:38."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Did God begin to work in the creation of the world?", "answer": "Yes: Thou, Lord, in the beginning didst lay the foundations of the earth, Heb. 1:10."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is he still working?", "answer": "Yes: For Christ says, My Father worketh hitherto, and I work, John 5:17."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Are all his works copied out of his counsels?", "answer": "Yes: For they are what his hand and his counsel determine before to be done, Acts 4:28."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Are God's works many?", "answer": "Yes: O Lord, how manifold are thy works! Ps. 104:24."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Are they great?", "answer": "Yes: His work is honourable and glorious, Ps. 111:8."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Are they perfect in their kind?", "answer": "Yes: God is the Rock, his work is perfect, Deut. 32:4."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Can they be amended?", "answer": "No: Whatsoever God doth, nothing can be put to it, nor any thing taken from it, Eccl. 3:14."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Ought they to be studied?", "answer": "Yes: They are sought out of all them that have pleasure therein, Ps. 111:2."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Is it a great sin to neglect them?", "answer": "Yes: Because they regard not the work of the Lord, neither consider the operations of his hands, he shall destroy them, and not build them up, Ps. 28:5."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Can all God's works be thoroughly discovered?", "answer": "No: For no man can find out the work that God makes from the beginning to the end, Eccl. 3:11."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Can his designs in them be accounted for?", "answer": "No: For his way is in the sea, and his path in the great waters, Ps. 77:19."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "But is he glorified in them?", "answer": "Yes: All his works do praise him, Ps. 145:10."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "9", "sort_key": 9, "question": "What is the work of creation?", "answer": "The work of creation is God's making all things of nothing, by the word of his power, in the space of six days, and all very good.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Did God create the world?", "answer": "Yes: In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth, Gen. 1:1."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Did he create everything in the world?", "answer": "Yes: For without him was not any thing made that was made, John 1:3; Jhn 1:10; Col 1:16-17."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Did he create the world by his word?", "answer": "Yes: For through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, Heb. 11:3."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Did all things come into being by that word?", "answer": "Yes: For by the word of God the heavens were of old, 2 Pet. 3:5."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "And are they thereby preserved in being?", "answer": "Yes: By the same word they are kept in store, 2 Pet 3:7."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "Did God find any difficulty in making the world?", "answer": "No: For he spake and it was done; he said, Let there be light, and there was light, Ps. 33:9; Gen. 1:3."}, {"item_id": "1g", "question": "Did he need assistance in it?", "answer": "No: For he stretcheth forth the heavens alone, and spreadeth abroad the earth by himself, Isa. 44:24."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Did he make all out of nothing?", "answer": "Yes: For the things which are seen were not made of the things which do appear, Heb. 11:13."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Did he bring light out of darkness?", "answer": "Yes: For God commanded the light to shine out of darkness, 2 Cor. 4:6."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "And order out of confusion?", "answer": "Yes: For the earth was without form and void, Gen. 1:2."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Did he make all in six days?", "answer": "Yes: For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, Exod. 20:11."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Did God make all well?", "answer": "Yes: God saw every thing that he had made, and behold it was very good, Gen. 1:31."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "Did he make all firm?", "answer": "Yes: He hath made a decree which shall not pass, Ps. 148:6."}, {"item_id": "2g", "question": "And all for himself?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord has made all things for himself, Prov. 16:4."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Did God make all things by Jesus Christ?", "answer": "Yes: For by him also he made the worlds, Heb. 1:2. and created all things by Jesus Christ, Eph. 3:9; Col. 1:16; John 1:3."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Did God manifest his own perfections in the work of creation?", "answer": "Yes: For the heavens declare the glory of God, Ps. 19:1."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Must we give him the glory of this work?", "answer": "Yes: We must worship him that made the heaven and the earth, Rev. 14:7."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Must we give him thanks for his creatures?", "answer": "Yes: Every creature of God is good, and to be received with thanksgiving, 1 Tim. 4:4."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "May we be encouraged by the work of creation to trust in God?", "answer": "Yes: My help cometh from the Lord which made heaven and earth, Ps. 121:2."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Did God create the angels?", "answer": "Yes: He maketh his angels spirits, Heb. 1:7."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Are they attendants upon him?", "answer": "Yes: Thousand thousands minister unto him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stand before him, Dan. 7:10."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Are they employed for the good of the saints?", "answer": "Yes: They are sent forth to minister for them which shall be heirs of salvation, Heb. 1:14."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Have true believers communion with them in faith, hope, and love?", "answer": "Yes: For we are come to an innumerable company of angels, Heb. 12:22."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Did all the angels continue in their integrity?", "answer": "No: There were angels that left their first state, Jude 1:6."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Is it probable that they who fell, fell by pride?", "answer": "Yes: For they that are lifted up with pride, fall into the condemnation of the devil, 1 Tim. 3:6."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Were they punished for their sin?", "answer": "Yes: God spared not the angels that sinned, but cast them down to hell, 2 Pet. 2:4."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "10", "sort_key": 10, "question": "How did God create man?", "answer": "God created man male and female, after his image, in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness, with dominion over the creatures.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is man God's creature?", "answer": "Yes: For we are also his offspring, Acts 17:28."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Were our first parents the work of his hands?", "answer": "Yes: Male and female created he them, and called their name Adam, Gen. 5:2."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Was man made with a consultation?", "answer": "Yes: For God said, Let us make man, Gen. 1:26."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Do all the children of men descend from Adam and Eve?", "answer": "Yes: For God has made of one blood all nations of men, Acts 17:26."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Was man's body at first made out of the earth?", "answer": "Yes: God made man of the dust of the ground, Gen. 11:7."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "And are our bodies of the earth earthy?", "answer": "Yes: For I also am formed out of the clay, Job 33:6."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "But are they not curiously wrought?", "answer": "Yes: For I am fearfully and wonderfully made, Ps. 139:14."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Is God the former of our bodies?", "answer": "Yes: Thou hast clothed me with skin and flesh, and fenced me with bones and sinews, Job 10:11."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Is he the author of our senses?", "answer": "Yes: The hearing ear, and seeing eye, the Lord has made even both of them, Prov. 20:12."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is God the Father of our spirits?", "answer": "Yes: For he breathed into man's nostrils the breath of life, Gen. 2:7."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Has God given each of us a soul?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord liveth that made us this soul, Jer. 38:16."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Is it a rational soul?", "answer": "Yes for the spirit of a man is the candle of the Lord, Prov. 20:27."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Is it immortal?", "answer": "Yes: For the spirit of a man goes upward, Eccl. 3:21."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Does it die with the body?", "answer": "No: For when the dust returns to the earth as it was, the Spirit returns to God who gave it, Eccl. 12:7."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Is God then the Sovereign of the heart?", "answer": "Yes: For he has said, Behold, all souls are mine, Ezek. 18:4."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "Must we therefore commit our souls to him?", "answer": "Yes: Into thine hand I commit my spirit, Ps. 31:5."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Was man made after God's image?", "answer": "Yes: God created man in his own image, Gen. 1:27."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Did that image consist in knowledge?", "answer": "Yes: For we are renewed in knowledge after the image of him that created us, Col. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Did it consist in righteousness and true holiness?", "answer": "Yes: For the new man after God is created in righteousness and true holiness, Eph. 4:24."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Was there in man at first a perfect purity and freedom from sin ?", "answer": "Yes: Thou wast perfect in thy ways from the day that thou wast created, Ezek. 28:15. Compare Ezek. 16:13."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Was there in him a perfect rectitude and disposition to good?", "answer": "Yes: For God made man upright, Eccl. 7:29."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Are there some remains of God's image still upon man?", "answer": "Yes: For men are made after the similitude of God, Jam. 3:9."}, {"item_id": "4g", "question": "Was man made with a dominion over the creatures?", "answer": "Yes: For thou hast put all things under his feet, Ps. 8:6."}, {"item_id": "4h", "question": "Have we not reason to admire God's favour to man?", "answer": "Yes: Lord, what is man, that thou art mindful of him? Ps. 144:3."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "11", "sort_key": 11, "question": "What are God's works of providence?", "answer": "God's works of providence are his most holy, wise, and powerful preserving and governing all his creatures, and all their actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "When God had made the world, did he leave it to itself?", "answer": "No: For he upholdeth all things by the word of his power, Heb. 1:3."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Does he see to the whole creation?", "answer": "Yes: For the eyes of the Lord are in every place, Prov. 15:3."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Does he condescend to take notice of his creatures?", "answer": "Yes: He humbleth himself to behold the things that are in heaven and in the earth, Ps. 113:6."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Is any thing at a distance from him?", "answer": "No: For he is not far from every one of us, Acts 17:27."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Does he look on as one unconcerned?", "answer": "No: For his eyes behold, and his eyelids try, the children of men, Ps. 11:4."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Does God look after the world of angels?", "answer": "Yes: For he maketh peace in his high places, Job 25:2."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Does he look after this lower world?", "answer": "Yes: For the eyes of all wait upon him, Ps. 145:15."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Does he take care of the fowls?", "answer": "Yes: Our heavenly Father feedeth them, Matt. 6:26."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "What! even the sparrows?", "answer": "Yes: Not one of them shall fall to the ground without our Father, Matt. 10:29."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "What! and the ravens?", "answer": "Yes: He feeds the young ravens which cry, Ps. 147:9."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "Is he the Protector and Benefactor of all the creatures?", "answer": "Yes: Thou preservest them all, Neh. 9:6."}, {"item_id": "2g", "question": "Is he man's Protector and Benefactor?", "answer": "Yes: For in him we live, and move, and have our being, Acts 17:28."}, {"item_id": "2h", "question": "Do we depend upon God for the support of our life?", "answer": "Yes: For he holdeth our soul in life, Ps 66:9."}, {"item_id": "2i", "question": "And for the comforts of life?", "answer": "Yes: For he giveth us rain from heaven, and fruitful seasons, filling our hearts with food and gladness, Acts 14:17."}, {"item_id": "2j", "question": "And do we depend upon him for the safety of our life?", "answer": "Yes: He keepeth all our bones, Ps. 34:20."}, {"item_id": "2k", "question": "And for the continuance of life?", "answer": "Yes: For he is thy life, and the length of thy days, Deut. 30:20."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Does God govern all things?", "answer": "Yes: His kingdom ruleth over all, Ps. 103:19."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Does he govern the holy angels?", "answer": "Yes: For they do his commandments, Ps. 103:20."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Does he govern the heavenly bodies?", "answer": "Yes: The stars in their courses fought against Sisera, Judg. 5:20."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Does he govern the power of the air?", "answer": "Yes: Stormy winds fulfil his word, Ps 148:8."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Does he order what weather it shall be?", "answer": "Yes: For he saith to the snow, Be thou upon the earth, Job 37:6."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "And does he govern the inferior creatures?", "answer": "Yes: He spake, and locusts came, Ps. 105:34."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "Can he command them?", "answer": "Yes: I have commanded the ravens to feed thee, 1 Kings 17:4."}, {"item_id": "3h", "question": "Can he control them?", "answer": "Yes: He shut the lions' mouths, Dan 6:22."}, {"item_id": "3i", "question": "Has he a sovereign dominion over the whole creation?", "answer": "Yes; For the Lord of hosts is his name, Isa 47:4."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Does God govern the children of men?", "answer": "Yes; The Most High ruleth in the kingdom of men, Dan 4:32."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Does he govern kings?", "answer": "Yes: For the king's heart is in the hand of the Lord, Prov. 21:1."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And does he govern kingdoms?", "answer": "Yes; For he is the Governor among the nations, Ps. 22:28."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "And families too?", "answer": "Yes; For except the Lord build the house, they labour in vain that build it, Ps 127:1."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Does be govern great men?", "answer": "Yes: For God is the judge, he puts down one, and sets up another, Ps. 75:6,7."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "And mean men too?", "answer": "Yes: For every man's judgment proceedeth from the Lord, Prov. 29:26."}, {"item_id": "4g", "question": "Can man make his own fortune?", "answer": "No: For the way of man is not in himself, neither is it in man that walketh, to direct his steps, Jer. 1:23."}, {"item_id": "4h", "question": "When man purposes, does God dispose?", "answer": "Yes: A man's heart deviseth his way, but the Lord directeth his steps, Prov. 16:9."}, {"item_id": "4i", "question": "Do all comforts and crosses come from God's hand?", "answer": "Yes: For he has said, I make peace, and create evil; I the Lord do all these things, Isa. 45:7."}, {"item_id": "4j", "question": "Does God's providence extend itself to the smallest things?", "answer": "Yes: The very hairs of your head are all numbered, Matt. 10:30."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Is God's government holy?", "answer": "Yes: He is holy in all his works, Ps. 145:17."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Is it wise?", "answer": "Yes: He is wonderful in counsel, and excellent in working, Isa. 28:29."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Is it powerful?", "answer": "Yes: For when he giveth quietness, who then can make trouble, Job 39:29."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Is it rightful?", "answer": "Yes: God is greater than man, Job 33:12."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Is it just?", "answer": "Yes: For shall not the Judge of all the earth do right? Gen. 18:25."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "Does God sometimes reward and punish in this life?", "answer": "Yes: The righteous shall be recompensed in the earth, much more the wicked and the sinner, Prov. 11:31."}, {"item_id": "5g", "question": "But does he always?", "answer": "No: For all things come alike to all, Eccl. 9:1, 2."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Does God govern the world for the good of his Church?", "answer": "Yes: For Jacob my servant's sake, and Israel mine elect, I have called thee by thy name, Isa. 45:4."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Is the government of the world committed to the Lord Jesus?", "answer": "Yes: For he is head over all things unto the church, Eph. 1:22."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "And is all ordered for God's glory?", "answer": "Yes: For the Lord alone shall be exalted, Isa. 2:11."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Is it a comfort to good men that God governs the world?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord reigns, let the earth rejoice, Ps. 97:1."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "Is it a terror to the wicked?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord reigns, let the people tremble, Ps. 99:1."}, {"item_id": "6f", "question": "Ought we to give him the praise of it?", "answer": "Yes: Hallelujah, the Lord God omnipotent reigns, Rev. 19:6."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "12", "sort_key": 12, "question": "What special act of providence did God exercise toward man in the estate wherein he was created?", "answer": "When God had created man, he entered into a covenant of life with him, upon condition of perfect obedience, forbidding him to eat of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, upon pain of death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Did God make man happy as well as holy?", "answer": "Yes: For he put him into the garden of Eden, Gen. 2:15."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Did he provide comfortably for him?", "answer": "Yes: For he said, I will make him a help meet for him, Gen. 2:18."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Did he admit him into communion with himself?", "answer": "Yes: For he then blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it, Gen. 2:3."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Was God well pleased in him?", "answer": "Yes: For his delights were with the sons of men, Prov. 8:31."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Did God give him a law?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord God commanded the man, Gen. 2:16."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Did he give him a command of trial?", "answer": "Yes: Of the tree of knowledge of good and evil thou shalt not eat of it, Gen. 2:17."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Did he assure him of happiness, if he obeyed?", "answer": "Yes: For of every tree in the garden (even the tree of life,) thou mayest freely eat, Gen. 2:16."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Did he threaten death upon his disobedience?", "answer": "Yes: For in the day thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die, Gen. 2:17."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Was this God's covenant with Adam?", "answer": "Yes: For we read of those who, like Adam, transgressed the covenant, Hos. 6:7 (margin)."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Was, Do this and live, one branch of that covenant?", "answer": "Yes: For the man that doeth them, shall live, in them, Gal. 3:12."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Was, Fail and die the other branch of the covenant?", "answer": "Yes: The soul that sinneth, it shall die, Ezek. 18:4."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Was this the covenant of innocency?", "answer": "Yes: For the law was ot of faith, Gal 3:12."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Was there a mediator of this covenant?", "answer": "No: For it is the better covenant that is established in the hands of a Mediator, Heb 8:6."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "13", "sort_key": 13, "question": "Did our first parents continue in the state wherein they were first created?", "answer": "Our first parents being left to the freedom of their own will, fell from the state wherein they were created, by sinning against God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is man now in the state wherein he was created?", "answer": "No: For God made man upright; but they have sought out many inventions, Eccl. 7:29."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Can we now say we are perfectly holy?", "answer": "No: If I say I am perfect, that shall prove me perverse, Job 9:20."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Can we say we are perfectly happy?", "answer": "No: For man is born to trouble, Job 5:7."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Are we as we were then?", "answer": "No: Man was planted a noble vine, but is turned into the degenerate plant of a strange vine, Jer. 2:21."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Did man continue long in his state of innocence?", "answer": "No: For man being in honour abideth not, Ps. 49:42."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Did God leave man to the freedom of his own will?", "answer": "Yes: For if thou scornest, thou alone shalt bear it, Prov. 9:12."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Did God draw Adam to sin?", "answer": "No: For God tempteth no man, James 1:13."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is he any way the Author of' sin?", "answer": "No: Far be it from God that he should do wickedness, Job 34:10."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Did he do what was fit to be done to prevent it?", "answer": "Yes: What could have been done more to my vineyard? Isa. 5:4."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Was he obliged to do more?", "answer": "No: For may he not do what he will with his own? Matt. 20:15."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "Does all the blame of man's sin lie upon himself then?", "answer": "Yes: O Israel, thou hast destroyed thyself, Hos. 13:9."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Did man fall by sinning against God?", "answer": "Yes: Thou hast fallen by thine iniquity, Hos. 14:1."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Was that the beginning of sin in this world?", "answer": "Yes: For by one man sin entered into the world, Rom, 5:12."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "14", "sort_key": 14, "question": "What is sin?", "answer": "Sin is any want of conformity unto or transgression of, the law of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is there a moral difference of good and evil?", "answer": "Yes: For we must cease to do evil, and learn to do well, Isa. 1:16, 17."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is it all alike then what we do?", "answer": "No: For God shall bring every work into judgment, whether it be good, or whether it be evil, Eccl. 12:14."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is there such thing as sin in thought?", "answer": "Yes: For the thought of foolishness is sin, Prov. 24:9."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "May sin be committed in word too?", "answer": "Yes: For in the multitude of words there wanteth not sin, Prov. 10:19."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Does sin suppose a law?", "answer": "Yes: For where there is no law, there is no transgression, Rom. 4:15. and v. 13."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is sin the breach of a law?", "answer": "Yes: For sin is the transgression of the law, 1 John 3:4."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is it God's law only that can make a thing to be sin?", "answer": "Yes: For against thee, thee only, have I sinned, Ps. 51:4."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Is every breach of God's law sin?", "answer": "Yes: For all unrighteousness is sin, 1 John 5:17."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Are we to judge of sin by the law?", "answer": "Yes: For by the law is the knowledge of sin, Rom. 3:20."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "Could we discover sin without some law?", "answer": "No: For I had not known sin but by the law. Rom. 7:7."}, {"item_id": "2g", "question": "Is the transgression of the law of nature sin?", "answer": "Yes: For they that have not the written law, show the work of the law written in their hearts, Rom. 2:14, 15."}, {"item_id": "2h", "question": "But does the written law discover the root of sin?", "answer": "Yes: I had not known lust, except the law had said, Thou shalt not covet, Rom. 7:7."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is ignorance of God sin?", "answer": "Yes: He shall take vengeance on them that know not God,. 2 Thes. 1:8."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Is disaffection to God's government sin?", "answer": "Yes: My people would not hearken to my voice, and Israel would none of me, Ps. 81:11."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Is all disobedience to God's law sin?", "answer": "Yes: For the wrath of God comes upon the children of disobedience, Col. 3:6."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Is it a sin to omit the good which God has commanded?", "answer": "Yes: For to him that knows to do good, and doeth it not, to him it is sin, James 4:17."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Is it a sin to do it negligently?", "answer": "Yes: For if thou doest not well, sin lies at the door, Gen. 4:7."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Is it a sin to do the evil which God has forbidden?", "answer": "Yes: For he has said, O do not this abominable thing which I hate, Jer. 44:4."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "Is the inclination to evil sin?", "answer": "Yes: For St. Paul speaks of the sin that dwells in us, Rom 7:17."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is sin the worst of evils?", "answer": "Yes: It is an evil thing, and a bitter, to forsake the Lord, Jer. 2:19."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Is the sinfulness of it the worst thing in it?", "answer": "Yes: For sin by the commandment becomes exceeding sinful, Rom. 7:13."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Is sin worse than affliction?", "answer": "Yes: For Moses by faith chose rather to suffer affliction than to enjoy the pleasures of sin, Heb 11:25."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Is it displeasing to God?", "answer": "Yes: God is angry with the wicked every day, Ps. 7:11."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Is it destructive to ourselves?", "answer": "Yes: Be sure your sin will find you out, Numb 32:23."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Ought we not therefore to take heed of sin?", "answer": "Yes: Stand in awe, and sin not, Ps. 4:4."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "And of all appearances of it?", "answer": "Yes: Abstain from all appearances of evil, 1 Thes. 5:22."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "And all approaches towards it?", "answer": "Yes: Touch not the unclean thing, 2 Cor. 6:17."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "And must we hate it?", "answer": "Yes: Ye that love the Lord, hate evil, Ps. 97:10. Must little children take heed of sin? My little children, these things write I unto you, that ye sin not, 1 John. 2:1."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Is it folly to make light of sin?", "answer": "Yes: Fools make a mock at sin Prov. 14:9."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "Will our observing the law of God be the best preservative against sin?", "answer": "Yes: Thy word have I hid in my heart, that I might not sin against thee, Ps. 119:11."}, {"item_id": "5g", "question": "Will an eye to God be the best argument against sin?", "answer": "Yes: How shall I do this great wickedness, and sin against God, Gen. 39:9."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "15", "sort_key": 15, "question": "What was the sin whereby our first parents fell from the state wherein they were created?", "answer": "The sin whereby our first parents fell from the state wherein they were created, was their eating the forbidden fruit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Did our first parents eat the forbidden fruit?", "answer": "Yes: Thou hast eaten of the tree of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it, Gen. 3:17."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Was their doing so disobedience?", "answer": "Yes: For it was by one man's disobedience that many were made sinners, Rom. 5:19."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Did the woman eat forbidden fruit first?", "answer": "Yes: The woman being deceived was in the transgression. 1 Tim 2:14."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Did the serpent tempt her to it?", "answer": "Yes: The serpent beguiled Eve through his subtilty, 2 Cor. 11:3."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Was that serpent the devil?", "answer": "Yes: The old serpent is the devil and Satan? Rev. 20:2."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "Did he aim to make man as miserable as himself?", "answer": "Yes: He was a murderer from the beginning, John 8:44."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Did the tempter teach them to question the command?", "answer": "Yes: He said to the woman, Hath God said ye shall not eat? Gen. 3:1."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Did he promise them safety in sin?", "answer": "Yes: He said, Ye shall not surely die, Gen. 3:4."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Did he promise them advantage by the sin?", "answer": "Yes: In the day ye eat thereof your eyes shall be opened, ver. 5."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Did he feed them with high thoughts of themselves?", "answer": "Yes: Ye shall be as gods, ver. 5."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Did he suggest to them hard thoughts of God?", "answer": "Yes: For he said, God doth know this, ver. 5."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "Did Eve do well to parley with him?", "answer": "No: For we should cease to hear the instruction that causeth to err from the words of knowledge, Prov. 19:27."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Did the devil prevail in the temptation?", "answer": "Yes: For she took of the fruit, and did eat, and gave also to her husband with her, and he did eat, Gen. 3:6."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Was there in this sin the lust of the flesh?", "answer": "Yes: For she saw that the tree was good for food."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Was there in it the lust of the eye?", "answer": "Yes: For she saw that it was pleasant to the eyes."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "And the pride of life?", "answer": "Yes: For she saw it was a tree to be desired to make one wise."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Was unbelief of the word of God at the bottom of it?", "answer": "Yes: It is the evil heart of unbelief that departs from the living God, Heb. 3:12."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Was there in it an opposition to the divine law?", "answer": "Yes: For sin took occasion by the commandment, Rom. 7:8."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "Was disobedience in a small matter a great provocation?", "answer": "Yes: For rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft, and stubbornness is iniquity and idolatry, 1 Sam. 15:23."}, {"item_id": "3h", "question": "If Adam fell thus, have we any reason to be secure?", "answer": "No: Wherefore let him that thinks he stands, take heed lest he fall, 1 Cor. 10:12."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "16", "sort_key": 16, "question": "Did all mankind fall in Adam's first transgression?", "answer": "The covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself, but for his posterity, all mankind descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him in his first transgression.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Are we concerned in our first parents' disobedience?", "answer": "Yes: For by the offence of one, judgment came upon all men to condemnation, Rom. 5:18."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Were we in their loins when they ate the forbidden fruit?", "answer": "Yes: For Adam called his wife's name Eve, because she was the mother of all living, Gen. 3:20."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Was Adam a common father?", "answer": "Yes: For he was to be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, Gen. 1:28."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Was he a public person?", "answer": "Yes: For he was the figure of him that was to come, Rom. 5:14."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Was the covenant made with him, and his posterity?", "answer": "Yes: For God always established his covenant with men, and with their seed after them, Gen. 9:9."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Was Adam's sin our ruin then?", "answer": "Yes: For through the offence of one many are dead, Rom. 5:15."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Was the honour of human nature thereby stained?", "answer": "Yes: For Adam begat a son in his own likeness, Gen. 5:8."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Was the power of the human nature thereby weakened?", "answer": "Yes: For when we were without strength, Christ died for us, Rom. 5:6."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Was the purity of it thereby corrupted?", "answer": "Yes: For in us, that is, in our flesh, there dwells no good thing, Rom. 6:18."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Was Adam himself degenerated?", "answer": "Yes: For God said to him, Dust thou art, Gen. 3:19."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "And are we in like manner degenerated?", "answer": "Yes: For we have all borne the image of the earthy, 1 Cor. 15:49."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is this degeneracy universal?", "answer": "Yes: For all flesh hath corrupted his way, Gen. 6:12."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Did our Lord Jesus descend from Adam by ordinary generation?", "answer": "No: For he is the Lord from heaven 1 Cor. 15:47."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Did he then sin in Adam?", "answer": "No: For he is undefiled, separate from sinners, Heb. 7:26."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Did all the rest of mankind sin in Adam?", "answer": "Yes: For how can he be clean that is born of a woman? Job 25:4."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Are the ways of the Lord herein equal?", "answer": "Yes: But our ways are unequal, Ezek. 18:29."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "17", "sort_key": 17, "question": "Into what state did the fall bring mankind?", "answer": "The fall brought mankind into a state of sin and misery.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is mankind in a state of sin?", "answer": "Yes: For both Jews and Gentiles are all under sin, Rom. 3:9."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is a state of sin a sad state?", "answer": "Yes: For they that are in the flesh cannot please God, Rom. 8:8."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Did the fall bring us into a state of sin?", "answer": "Yes: For by it many were made sinners, Rom. 5:19."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Does the world continue in that state?", "answer": "Yes: For the whole world lies in wickedness, 1 John 5:19."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "And are you by nature in that state?", "answer": "Yes: If I justify myself, my own mouth shall condemn me, Job 9:20."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is mankind in a state of misery?", "answer": "Yes: The misery of man is great upon him, Eccl. 8:6."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is sin the cause of all that misery?", "answer": "Yes: For death entered by sin, and so death passed upon all men, Rom. 5:12."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is misery the consequence of sin?", "answer": "Yes: For evil pursues sinners, Prov. 13:21."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Do all the creatures share in the sad effects of sin?", "answer": "Yes: Cursed is the ground for thy sake, Gen. 3:17."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "And could all this mischief come from that one sin?", "answer": "Yes: For how great a matter does a little fire kindle, James 3:5,6."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Did the fall bring mankind into a state of apostasy from God?", "answer": "Yes: For they are all gone aside, Ps. 14:3."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Is that a sinful state?", "answer": "Yes: For it is great whoredom, to depart from the Lord, Hos. 1:2."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And is it a miserable state?", "answer": "Yes: Woe unto them, for they have fled from me, Hos. 7:13."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Did the fall bring mankind into a state of slavery to Satan?", "answer": "Yes: For they are taken captive by him at his will, 2 Tim. 2:26."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Is that a sinful state?", "answer": "Yes: For the prince of the power of the air works in the children of disobedience, Eph. 2:2."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Is it a miserable state?", "answer": "Yes: For the god of this world hath blinded their minds, 2 Cor. 4:4."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Is it like the condition of the prodigal son?", "answer": "Yes: For he went into a far country, wasted his substance, began to be in want, and was sent into the fields to feed swine, Luke 15:13-15."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "18", "sort_key": 18, "question": "Wherein consists the sinfulness of that state whereinto man fell?", "answer": "The sinfulness of that state whereinto man fell consist in the guilt of Adam's first sin, the want of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature, (which is commonly called original sin,) together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Are we all born under guilt?", "answer": "Yes: For all the world is guilty before God, Rom. 3:19."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Does the whole race of mankind stand attainted at God's bar?", "answer": "Yes: For the Scripture hath concluded all under sin, Gal. 3:22."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is this according to God's rule of judgment?", "answer": "Yes: For he visiteth the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, Exod. 20:5."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Is not God unrighteous who thus takes vengeance?", "answer": "No: God forbid, for then how shall God judge the world, Rom. 3:6."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Are we all born in sin?", "answer": "Yes: Behold, I was shapen in iniquity, and in sin did my mother conceive me, Ps. 51:5."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Are we of a sinful brood?", "answer": "Yes: For we are a seed of evil-doers, Isa. 1:4."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "May we be truly called sinners by nature?", "answer": "Yes: Thou wast called a transgressor from the womb, Isa. 48:8."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is there in every one of us by nature the want of original righteousness?", "answer": "Yes: There is none righteous, no, not one, Rom. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Is there in us an aversion to that which is good?", "answer": "Yes: For the carnal mind is enmity against God, Rom. 8:7."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Is there in us a moral impotency to that which is good?", "answer": "Yes: For the carnal mind is not in subjection to the law of God, neither indeed can be, Rom. 8:7."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Can we of ourselves do any thing that is good?", "answer": "No: For we are not sufficient of ourselves to think any thing of ourselves, 2 Cor. 3:5."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is there in us a proneness to that which is evil?", "answer": "Yes: My people are bent to backsliding from me, Hos. 11:7."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Are there the snares of sin in our bodies?", "answer": "Yes: For there is a law in the members warring against the law of the mind, Rom. 7:23."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And are there the seeds of sin in our souls?", "answer": "Yes: For when I would do good, evil is present with me, Rom. 7:21."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "And is the stain of sin upon both?", "answer": "Yes: For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God, Rom. 3:23."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Did we all bring sin into the world with us?", "answer": "Yes: For man is born like the wild ass's colt, Job 11:12."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Is it in little children?", "answer": "Yes: For foolishness is in the heart of a child, Prov. 22:15."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "As reason improves, does sin grow up with it?", "answer": "Yes: For when the blade is sprung up, then appear the tares also, Matt. 13:26."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Is it not a wonder of mercy then that we are any of us alive?", "answer": "Yes: It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed, Lam. 3:22."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Is the whole nature of man corrupted by the fall?", "answer": "Yes: The whole head is sick, and the whole heart is faint, Isa. 1:5."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Is the understanding corrupted?", "answer": "Yes: The understanding is darkened, being alienated from the life of God, Eph. 4:18."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Is that unapt to admit the rays of divine light?", "answer": "Yes: For they are spiritually discerned, 1 Cor. 2:14."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Is the will corrupted?", "answer": "Yes: The neck is an iron sinew, Isa. 48:4."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "And is that unapt to submit to the rule of the divine law?", "answer": "Yes: For what is the Almighty (say they) that we should serve him? Job 21:15."}, {"item_id": "6f", "question": "Are the thoughts corrupted?", "answer": "Yes: For the imagination of man's heart is evil from his youth, Gen. 8:21."}, {"item_id": "6g", "question": "Is the fancy full of vanity?", "answer": "Yes: Vain thoughts lodge within us, Jer. 4:15."}, {"item_id": "6h", "question": "Are the affections corrupted?", "answer": "Yes: It is a carnal mind, Rom. 8:7."}, {"item_id": "6i", "question": "Is conscience itself corrupted?", "answer": "Yes: Even the mind and conscience is defiled, Tit. 1:15."}, {"item_id": "6j", "question": "Is the whole soul corrupted?", "answer": "Yes: The heart is deceitful above all things, Jer. 17: 9."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Is this corruption of the mind sin?", "answer": "Yes: For it is enmity against God, Rom. 8:7."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "Have we it from our original?", "answer": "Yes: For that which is born of the flesh is flesh, John 3:6."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "Do we derive it through our parents?", "answer": "Yes: For who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? Job 14:4."}, {"item_id": "7d", "question": "Does it render us odious to God's holiness?", "answer": "Yes: For the foolish shall not stand in his sight, Ps. 5:5."}, {"item_id": "7e", "question": "Does it render us obnoxious to his justice?", "answer": "Yes: For death reigns over them that have not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression, Rom. 5:14."}, {"item_id": "8a", "question": "Does this original corruption produce actual transgression?", "answer": "Yes: For a corrupt tree cannot bring forth good fruit, Matt. 7:18."}, {"item_id": "8b", "question": "Does it produce it betimes?", "answer": "Yes: For the wicked are estranged from the womb, they go astray as soon as they are born, speaking lies, Ps. 58:3."}, {"item_id": "8c", "question": "Does it produce it naturally?", "answer": "Yes: As a fountain casteth out her waters, Jer. 6:7."}, {"item_id": "8d", "question": "Does all sin begin in the heart?", "answer": "Yes: For when lust hath conceived, it bringeth forth sin, James 1:15."}, {"item_id": "8e", "question": "Is it not necessary therefore we should have a new nature?", "answer": "Yes: Marvel not that I said unto you, Ye must be born again, John 3:7."}, {"item_id": "8f", "question": "Can we get to heaven without it?", "answer": "No: For flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, 1 Cor. 15:50."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "19", "sort_key": 19, "question": "What is the misery of that estate whereinto man fell?", "answer": "All mankind by their fall lost communion with God, are under his wrath and curse, and so made liable to all the miseries of this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell for ever.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "When our first parents had eaten the forbidden fruit, did they become as gods?", "answer": "No: They were like the beasts that perish, Ps. 49:12."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Did the devil make his words good then?", "answer": "No: For he is a liar and the father of it, John 8:44."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Did not he put a cheat upon them?", "answer": "Yes: The woman said, the serpent beguiled me, Gen. 3:13."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Did shame come in with sin?", "answer": "Yes: For they knew that they were naked, Gen. 3:7."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Did fear come in with sin?", "answer": "Yes: For they hid themselves from the presence of the Lord God among the trees of the garden, Gen. 3:8."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "Was not that their misery?", "answer": "Yes: For fear hath torment, 1 John. 4:18."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Did they lose communion with God?", "answer": "Yes: For he drove out the man, Gen. 3:24."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is fallen man unworthy of communion with God?", "answer": "Yes: For what communion has light with darkness? 2 Cor. 2:14."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is he unfit for communion with God?", "answer": "Yes: For can two walk together except they be agreed? Amos 3:3."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Could fallen man ever get to heaven by virtue of the covenant of innocency?", "answer": "No: For cherubims and a flaming sword were set to keep that way to the tree of life, Gen. 3:24."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is fallen man under God's wrath?", "answer": "Yes: For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven, against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, Rom. 1:18."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Are we all so by nature?", "answer": "Yes: We are by nature children of wrath, even as others, Eph. 2:2."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Are we so by reason of sin?", "answer": "Yes: For because of these things cometh the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience, Eph. 5:6."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Is there a distance between God and man by reason of sin?", "answer": "Yes: Your iniquities have separated between you and your God, Isa. 49:2."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Is there a quarrel between God and man by reason of sin?", "answer": "Yes: My soul loathed them, and their soul also it abhorred me, Zech. 11:8."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Is it not said to lie under God's wrath?", "answer": "Yes: For who knows the power of his anger? Ps. 90:11."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is fallen man under God's curse?", "answer": "Yes: For cursed is every one that continues not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them, Gal. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Is this curse in force against all wicked people?", "answer": "Yes: The curse of the Lord is in the house of the wicked, Prov. 3:33."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Has sin brought a curse upon the world?", "answer": "Yes: Cursed is the ground for thy sake, Gen. 3:17."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Is mankind by the fall become liable to the miseries of this life?", "answer": "Yes: In sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life, Gen 3:17."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Are we all by nature liable to these miseries?", "answer": "Yes: For man is born to trouble, Job 5:7."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Is all the hurtfulness of the creatures the effect of sin?", "answer": "Yes: Thorns and thistles shall it bring forth, Gen. 3:18."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Is the toil of business the effect of sin?", "answer": "Yes: In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, ver. 19."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Is pain and sickness the effect of sin?", "answer": "Yes: There is not any rest in my bones, because of my sin, Ps. 38:3."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "Are all our crosses the effect of sin?", "answer": "Yes: Our sins have withholden good things from us, Jer. 5:25."}, {"item_id": "5g", "question": "Should we not therefore bear them patiently?", "answer": "Yes: Wherefore doth a living man complain, a man for the punishment of his sin? Lam. 3:39."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Is all mankind by the fall become liable to death itself?", "answer": "Yes: For so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned, Rom. 5:12."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Was a sentence of death immediately passed upon fallen man?", "answer": "Yes: Dust thou art, and to dust shalt thou return, Gen. 3:19."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Do we all deserve death?", "answer": "Yes: The wages of sin is death, Rom. 6:23."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Is it the natural consequence of sin?", "answer": "Yes: For sin, when it is finished, brings forth death, Jam. 1:15."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "Can any avoid it?", "answer": "No: What man is he that liveth and shall not see death? Ps. 89:48."}, {"item_id": "6f", "question": "Is it determined?", "answer": "Yes: It is appointed to men once to die, Heb. 9:27."}, {"item_id": "6g", "question": "Do you expect it?", "answer": "Yes: I know that thou wilt bring me to death, Job 30:23."}, {"item_id": "6h", "question": "Is sin the sting of death?", "answer": "Yes: The sting of death is sin, 1 Cor. 15:56."}, {"item_id": "6i", "question": "Is the amazing fear of death the effect of sin?", "answer": "Yes: There are those who through fear of death are all their life-time subject to bondage, Heb. 2:15."}, {"item_id": "6j", "question": "Is the body's rotting in the grave the effect of sin?", "answer": "Yes: As drought and heat consume the snow-waters, so doth the grave those which have sinned, Job 24:19."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Is mankind by the fall become liable to the pains of hell for ever?", "answer": "Yes: For he that wanders out of the way of understanding shall remain in the congregation of the dead, Prov. 21:16. Ps. 9:17."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "Can God make a soul forever miserable?", "answer": "Yes: For after he hath killed he hath power to cast into hell, Luke 12:5."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "Is there a state of punishment in the other life?", "answer": "Yes: For we are warned to flee from the wrath to come, Matt. 3:7."}, {"item_id": "7d", "question": "Is it the desert of sin?", "answer": "Yes: For when God renders to every man according to his works, he will render indignation with wrath, tribulation and anguish, upon every soul of man that doeth evil, Rom. 2:8, 9."}, {"item_id": "7e", "question": "Will it be the portion of impenitent sinners?", "answer": "Yes: Ye generation of vipers, how can ye escape the damnation of hell, Matt. 23:33."}, {"item_id": "8a", "question": "Is hell the wrath of an everlasting God?", "answer": "Yes: For the breath of the Lord. like a stream of brimstone, doth kindle it, Isa. 30:33."}, {"item_id": "8b", "question": "Is it the anguish of an immortal soul?", "answer": "Yes: For their worm dieth not, Mark 9:44."}, {"item_id": "8c", "question": "Is any way of relief open to them?", "answer": "No: Betwixt us and you there is a gulf fixed, Luke 16:26."}, {"item_id": "8d", "question": "Is their punishment therefore everlasting?", "answer": "Yes: These shall go away into everlasting punishment, Matt. 25:46."}, {"item_id": "8e", "question": "Should we not every one of us dread it?", "answer": "Yes: For it is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God, Heb. 10:31. Isa. 33:14."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "20", "sort_key": 20, "question": "Did God leave all mankind to perish in the state of sin and misery?", "answer": "God having out of his mere good pleasure from all eternity elected some to eternal life, did enter into a covenant of grace, to deliver them out of a state of sin and misery, and to bring them into a state of salvation by a Redeemer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Might not God justly have left all mankind to perish in their fallen state?", "answer": "Yes: For in his sight shall no man living be justified, Ps. 143:2."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Would God have been a loser by it, if they had been left to perish?", "answer": "No: For, can a man be profitable to God? Job 22:2."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "But did he leave them to perish?", "answer": "No: For the kindness and love of God our Saviour towards man appears, Tit. 3:4."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Was the case of fallen angels helpless and desperate?", "answer": "Yes: For God spared not them, 2 Pet. 2:4."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "But is the case of fallen man so?", "answer": "No: For he is longsuffering to usward, not willing that any should perish, 2 Pet. 3:9."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "Is God's patience a token for good?", "answer": "Yes: The long suffering of our Lord is salvation, 2 Pet. 3:15."}, {"item_id": "1g", "question": "Does it appear that God has a good will to man's salvation?", "answer": "Yes: As I live, saith the Lord God, I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but that he turn and live, Ezek. 33:11."}, {"item_id": "1h", "question": "Is this an encouragement to us all to hope in his mercy?", "answer": "Yes: For if the Lord had been pleased to kill us, he would not have showed us such things as these, Judg. 13:23."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Could man help himself out of his state of sin and misery?", "answer": "No: For while we were without strength, Christ died for the ungodly, Rom. 5:6."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Could any creature help us?", "answer": "No: For none of them can by any means redeem his brother, Ps. 49:7."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Could God himself only help us?", "answer": "Yes: 0 Israel thou hast destroyed thyself; but in me is thy help, Hos. 13:9."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Did God contrive a way for man's recovery?", "answer": "Yes: He hath devised means that his banished may not be expelled from him, 2 Sam. 14:14."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Was it the contrivance of infinite wisdom?", "answer": "Yes: It is the wisdom of God in a mystery, ordained before the world for our glory, 1 Cor. 2:7."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "Has he provided a way for our recovery?", "answer": "Yes: I have found a ransom, Job 33:24."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Did God particularly design the salvation of a remnant of mankind?", "answer": "Yes: There is a remnant according to the election of grace, Rom. 11:5."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Are there some whom God has chosen?", "answer": "Yes: God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation, through sanctification of the Spirit, 2 Thes. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Is there a certain number of such?", "answer": "Yes: For their names are in the book of life, Phil. 4:3. Rev. 13:8."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Were they chosen from eternity?", "answer": "Yes: He hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world, Eph. 1:4."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Were they chosen for the sake of any thing in themselves?", "answer": "No: Ye have not chosen me, but I have chosen you, John 15:16."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "But of his mere good pleasure?", "answer": "Yes: He hath predestinated us according to the good pleasure of his will, Eph. 1:5."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "Were they chosen to salvation, as the end?", "answer": "Yes: God had appointed us to obtain salvation, 1 Thess. 5:9."}, {"item_id": "3h", "question": "And to sanctification as the means?", "answer": "Yes: He has chosen us that we should be holy, Eph. 1:4."}, {"item_id": "3i", "question": "Was it for the glory of God?", "answer": "Yes: That he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, Rom. 9:23."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Shall the election obtain?", "answer": "Yes: The purpose of God according to election shall stand, Rom. 9:11."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Does our salvation begin there?", "answer": "Yes: We love him, because he first loved us, 1 John 4:19."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Are others passed by?", "answer": "Yes: When the election hath obtained, the rest are blinded, Rom. 11:7."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Does God know certainly whom he has chosen?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord knows them that are his, 2 Tim. 2:19."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Do we know it?", "answer": "No: For secret things belong not to us, Deut. 29:29."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Can we know our own election otherwise than by our being sanctified?", "answer": "No: We must make our calling, and so make our election, sure, 2 Pet. 1:10."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Were the elect given to Christ?", "answer": "Yes: Thine they were, and thou gavest them me, John 17:6."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Did he undertake their salvation?", "answer": "Yes: For this is the Father's will, that of all which he hath given me I should lose nothing, John 6:39."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Was it promised him that he should effect it?", "answer": "Yes: He shall see his seed, and the pleasure of the Lord shall prosper in his hand, Isa. 53:10."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "And was he himself assured of it?", "answer": "Yes: All that the Father giveth me, shall come to me, John 6:37."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "And does it always prove so?", "answer": "Yes: As many as were ordained to eternal life believed, Acts 13:48."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "And shall any of them miscarry?", "answer": "No: For it is said of seducers, they shall deceive, if it were possible, the very elect, Matt. 24:24."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Has God entered into a new covenant, pursuant hereto?", "answer": "Yes: For we are not under the law, but under grace, Rom. 6:14."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Does he insist upon the terms of the first covenant?", "answer": "No: He hath not dealt with us after our sins, Ps. 103:10."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Is he willing to deal with us upon new terms?", "answer": "Yes: I will make a new covenant with them, Jer. 31:31."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Is he willing to be ours in covenant?", "answer": "Yes: I will be to them a God, Heb. 8:10."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "Will he accept us as his?", "answer": "Yes: They shall be to me a people."}, {"item_id": "6f", "question": "And will he be at peace with us?", "answer": "Yes: God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself, 2 Cor. 5:19."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Is this wrought out by a Redeemer?", "answer": "Yes: For there is not salvation in any other, Acts 4:12."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "Was that Redeemer of God's own providing?", "answer": "Yes: God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, John 3:16."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "Is the new covenant made with us in Christ?", "answer": "Yes: For he is the Mediator of the better covenant, Heb. 8:6."}, {"item_id": "7d", "question": "Is it a covenant much for our advantage?", "answer": "Yes: For it is well ordered in all things and sure, 2 Sam. 23:5."}, {"item_id": "7e", "question": "Is perfect obedience the condition of it?", "answer": "No: For if by grace, then it is no more of works, Rom. 11:6."}, {"item_id": "7f", "question": "Is faith the condition of it?", "answer": "Yes: For, by grace ye are saved through faith, Eph. 2:8."}, {"item_id": "7g", "question": "Is sincerity accepted as our gospel perfection?", "answer": "Yes: Walk before me, and be thou perfect, Gen. 17:1."}, {"item_id": "7h", "question": "Is that which is required in the covenant promised in the covenant?", "answer": "Yes: I will cause you to walk in my statutes, Ezek. 36:27."}, {"item_id": "7i", "question": "Does every transgression in the covenant cast us out of the covenant?", "answer": "No: I will visit their transgression with a rod, but my lovingkindness will I not utterly take away, Ps. 89:32, 33."}, {"item_id": "8a", "question": "Will this covenant deliver us out of a state of sin and misery?", "answer": "Yes: Whosoever believes in Christ shall not perish John 3:16."}, {"item_id": "8b", "question": "Will it bring us into a state of salvation?", "answer": "Yes: He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting life, John 3:36."}, {"item_id": "8c", "question": "And can we desire any more?", "answer": "No: It is all my salvation, and all my desire, 2 Sam. 23:5."}, {"item_id": "9a", "question": "Was there intimation given to Adam of this way of salvation by a Redeemer?", "answer": "Yes: For it was said to him, That the seed of the woman should break the serpent's head, Gen. 3:15."}, {"item_id": "9b", "question": "Was it made known to the Old Testament saints?", "answer": "Yes: For of this salvation have the prophets inquired, and searched diligently, 1 Pet. 1:10."}, {"item_id": "9c", "question": "But is it brought to a clearer light in the New Testament?", "answer": "Yes: Go preach the gospel to every creature; he that believes shall be saved, and he that believes not shall be damned, Mark 16:15, 16."}, {"item_id": "9d", "question": "Is this good news to fallen man?", "answer": "Yes: Glory be to God in the highest, on earth peace, good-will towards men, Luke 11:14."}, {"item_id": "9e", "question": "Does this covenant exclude any that do not exclude themselves?", "answer": "No: Whosoever will, let him come, and take of the water of life freely, Rev. 22:17."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "21", "sort_key": 21, "question": "Who is the Redeemer of God's elect?", "answer": "The only Redeemer of God's elect is the Lord Jesus Christ, who, being the eternal Son of God, became man; and so was, and continues to be, God and Man, in two distinct natures, and one person, for ever.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Did mankind need a Redeemer?", "answer": "Yes: For by our iniquities we had sold ourselves, Isa. 1:1."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Did the elect themselves need a Redeemer?", "answer": "Yes: For we ourselves also were sometimes disobedient, Tit. 3:3."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Would there have been a Redeemer if Adam had not sinned?", "answer": "No: For they that be whole need not a physician, Matt. 9:12."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Could an angel have been our Redeemer?", "answer": "No: For his angels he charged with folly, Job 4:18."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is Jesus Christ the Redeemer?", "answer": "Yes: There is one mediator between God and man, the man Christ Jesus, 1 Tim. 2:5."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is he the only Redeemer?", "answer": "Yes: For there is no other name under heaven given among men whereby we must be saved, Acts 4:12."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is he a universal Redeemer?", "answer": "Yes: He gave himself a ransom for all, 1 Tim. 2:6."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Did he die to purchase a general offer?", "answer": "Yes: The Son of Man was lifted up, that whosoever believes in him should not perish, John 3:14, 15."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Is all the world the better for Christ's mediation?", "answer": "Yes: For by him all things consist Col. 1:17."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "Is it long of Christ then that so many perish?", "answer": "No: I would have gathered you, and you would not, Matt. 23:37."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is Christ in a special manner the Redeemer of God's elect?", "answer": "Yes: I lay down my life for the sheep, John 10:15."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Was their salvation particularly designed in Christ's undertaking?", "answer": "Yes: Thou has given him power over all flesh, that he should give eternal life to as many as thou hast given him, John 17:2."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Was their sanctification particularly designed?", "answer": "Yes: For their sakes I sanctify myself; that they also might be sanctified, John 17:19."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Is all mankind redeemed from among devils?", "answer": "Yes: For none must say as they did, What have we to do with thee, Jesus, thou Son of God, Matt. 8:2, 9."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "But are the elect redeemed from among men?", "answer": "Yes: These were redeemed from among men, Rev. 14:4."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is the Redeemer LORD?", "answer": "Yes: Every tongue shall confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, Phil. 2:11."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Is he Jesus a Saviour?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shalt call his name Jesus, for he shall save his people from their sins, Matt. 1:21."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Is he Christ anointed?", "answer": "Yes: For God, even thy God, hath anointed thee, Heb. 1:9."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Is he Emmanuel?", "answer": "Yes: They shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted, is, God with us, Matt. 1:28."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Is he the Son of God?", "answer": "Yes: Thou art Christ, the Son of the living God, Matt. 16:16."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Is he the Eternal Son of God?", "answer": "Yes: For he is before all things, Col. 1:17."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Is he God?", "answer": "Yes: Unto the Son he says, Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever, Heb. 1:8."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Is he true God?", "answer": "Yes: His Son Jesus Christ is the true God, and eternal life, 1 John 5:20."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Is he the most high God?", "answer": "Yes: For Christ is over all, God, blessed for ever, Rom. 9:5."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "Is he equal with the Father?", "answer": "Yes: For he thought it not robbery to be equal with God, Phil. 2:6."}, {"item_id": "5g", "question": "Is he one with the Father?", "answer": "Yes: I and my Father are one, John 10:30."}, {"item_id": "5h", "question": "Is he to be worshipped as God?", "answer": "Yes: For all men should honour the Son even as they honour the Father, John 5:28."}, {"item_id": "5i", "question": "Is he worshipped by the angels?", "answer": "Yes: Let all the angels of God worship him, Heb. 1:6."}, {"item_id": "5j", "question": "And is there good reason for it?", "answer": "Yes: For he is the brightness of his Father's glory, Heb. 1:3."}, {"item_id": "5k", "question": "Was he begotten of his Father before all worlds?", "answer": "Yes: Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee, Ps. 2:7."}, {"item_id": "5l", "question": "Is he the only-begotten Son of God?", "answer": "Yes: We beheld his glory, the glory as of the only-begotten of the Father, John 1:14."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Did the Son of God become man?", "answer": "Yes: The Word was made flesh and dwelt among us, John 1:14."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Did he come into this world?", "answer": "Yes: He came forth from the Father, and came into the world, John 16:28."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Did he come in the fittest time?", "answer": "Yes: When the fulness of time was come, God sent forth his Son, Gal. 4:4."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Did he come with a full commission?", "answer": "Yes: For the Father sanctified him, and sent him into the world, John 10:36."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "Did he come to save us?", "answer": "Yes: The son of man is come to seek and to save that which was lost, Luke 19:10."}, {"item_id": "6f", "question": "Did he come to conquer Satan?", "answer": "Yes: For this purpose was the Son of God manifested, that he might destroy the works of the devil, 1 John 3:8."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Did the Redeemer take our nature upon him?", "answer": "Yes: He was found in fashion as a man, Phil. 2:8."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "Had he a being before his incarnation?", "answer": "Yes: Before Abraham was, I am, John 8:58."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "Had he a being before the world?", "answer": "Yes: For the same was in the beginning with God, John 1:2."}, {"item_id": "7d", "question": "Is not his incarnation a great mystery?", "answer": "Yes: Without controversy great is the mystery of godliness, God manifest in the flesh, 1 Tim. 3:16."}, {"item_id": "7e", "question": "Is it necessary that we believe it?", "answer": "Yes: For he that confesseth not that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh, is not of God, 1 John 4:3."}, {"item_id": "7f", "question": "Was Jesus Christ God even when he was upon earth?", "answer": "Yes: I am in the Father, and the Father in me, John 14:11."}, {"item_id": "7g", "question": "Is he man now he is in heaven?", "answer": "Yes: For he that descended is the same also that ascended, Eph. 4:10."}, {"item_id": "8a", "question": "Is the Redeemer both God and man?", "answer": "Yes: For to us a child is born, to us a son is given, and he shall be called the mighty God, the everlasting Father, Isa. 9:6."}, {"item_id": "8b", "question": "Is he both the Son of God, and the Son of man?", "answer": "Yes: He was the Son of Adam, he was the Son of God, Luke 3:38."}, {"item_id": "8c", "question": "Does he continue to be so?", "answer": "Yes: For Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, to-day and for ever, Heb. 13:8."}, {"item_id": "8d", "question": "Was he man that he might suffer?", "answer": "Yes: For without shedding of blood is no remission, Heb. 9:22."}, {"item_id": "8e", "question": "Was he God that he might satisfy?", "answer": "Yes: For God has purchased the church with his own blood, Acts 20:28."}, {"item_id": "8f", "question": "Is he God and man in two distinct natures?", "answer": "Yes: For he is both the root and offspring of David, Rev. 22:16. compare Matt. 22:45."}, {"item_id": "8g", "question": "Is he so in one person?", "answer": "Yes: For to us there is but one Lord Jesus Christ, by whom are all things, and we by him, 1 Cor. 8:6."}, {"item_id": "8h", "question": "Is he so for ever?", "answer": "Yes: He is Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, the first and the last, Rev. 22:13."}, {"item_id": "9a", "question": "Is this Jesus the true Messiah promised to the fathers?", "answer": "Yes: We know that this is indeed the Christ, the Saviour of the world, John 4:42."}, {"item_id": "9b", "question": "Were the Scriptures fulfilled in him?", "answer": "Yes: To him give all the prophets witness, Acts 10:43."}, {"item_id": "9c", "question": "Did his miracles prove his doctrine?", "answer": "Yes: The works that I do bear witness of me, that the Father hath sent me, John 5:36."}, {"item_id": "9d", "question": "Did the Father himself bear witness of him?", "answer": "Yes: By a voice from heaven saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased, hear ye him, Matt. 17:5."}, {"item_id": "9e", "question": "May we venture our souls upon this foundation?", "answer": "Yes: For this is the record, that God hath given to us eternal life, and this life is in his Son, 1 John 5:11."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "22", "sort_key": 22, "question": "How did Christ, being the Son of God, become man?", "answer": "Christ the Son of God became man, by taking to himself a true body and a reasonable soul; being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost in the womb of the Virgin Mary, and born of her, yet without sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Did Christ the Son of God become man?", "answer": "Yes: Forasmuch as the children are partakers of flesh and blood, he also himself likewise took part of the same, Heb. 2:14."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Was it requisite he should become man?", "answer": "Yes: For in all things it behoved him to be made like unto his brethren, Heb. 2: 17."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Has the Son of man the fulness of the Godhead?", "answer": "Yes: For in him dwells all the fulness of the Godhead bodily, Col. 2: 9."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Has the Son of God the tenderness of a man?", "answer": "Yes: For he was touched with the feeling of our infirmities, Heb. 4:15."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Did Christ take unto himself a true body?", "answer": "Yes: A body hast thou prepared me, Heb. 10:5."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Was it a body like unto ours?", "answer": "Yes: For he was in the likeness of sinful flesh, Rom. 8:3."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Did he take to himself a human soul?", "answer": "Yes: For he said, My soul is exceeding sorrowful, Matt. 26:38."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Was he conceived by ordinary generation?", "answer": "No: For he said, Ye are beneath, I am from above, John 8:23."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Was he conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "Yes: The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee, Luke 1:35."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Was he born of the Virgin Mary?", "answer": "Yes: The Scripture was fulfilled, Behold a virgin shall be with child, and bring forth a son, Matt. 1:23."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Was his conception and birth supernatural?", "answer": "Yes: That which was conceived in the Virgin Mary was of the Holy Ghost, Matt. 1:20."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Yet was he really and truly man?", "answer": "Yes: For he is not ashamed to call us brethren, Heb. 2:11."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Was Christ the seed of the woman?", "answer": "Yes: For he was made of a woman, Gal 4:4."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Was the Scripture therein fulfilled?", "answer": "Yes: For the seed of the woman must break the serpent's head, Gen. 3:15."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Was he the Son of Abraham?", "answer": "Yes: For he took on him the seed of Abraham, Heb. 2:16."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Was the Scripture therein fulfilled?", "answer": "Yes: For it was said to Abraham, In thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed, Gen. 12:2."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Was he the Son of David?", "answer": "Yes: Hosanna to the Son of David, Matt. 21:9."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Was the Scripture therein fulfilled?", "answer": "Yes: He hath raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David, as he spake by the mouth of all his holy prophets, Luke 1:69,70."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Was Christ born in Bethlehem?", "answer": "Yes: To you is born this day, in the city of David, a Saviour, Luke 2:11."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Was he born among the Jews?", "answer": "Yes: Of them as concerning the flesh, Christ came, Rom. 9:5."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "And was it the honour of that nation?", "answer": "Yes: He was the glory of his people Israel, Luke 2:32."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Did he come when the Messiah was expected?", "answer": "Yes: They then looked for redemption in Jerusalem, Luke 2:38."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Did he come when the sceptre was departed from Judah?", "answer": "Yes: For then there went out a decree that all the world should be taxed, Luke 2:1."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "Did the angels attend him at his birth?", "answer": "Yes: There was a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, Luke 2:13."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Was the Redeemer born in sin as we are?", "answer": "No: He was without sin, Heb. 4:15."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Was he perfectly pure and holy?", "answer": "Yes: That holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God, Luke 1:35."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Was he pure aud holy in his whole life?", "answer": "Yes: He did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth, 1 Pet. 2:22."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Was it requisite he should be so?", "answer": "Yes: Such a High Priest became us, that was holy, harmless, and undefiled, Heb. 7:26."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "Could he have satisfied for our sin, if he had had any sin of his own?", "answer": "No: For he must through the eternal Spirit offer himself without spot, Heb. 9:14."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Was he subject to the sinless infirmities of our natures?", "answer": "Yes: He was in all points tempted like as we are, Heb. 4:15."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "Was he hungry?", "answer": "Yes: When he had fasted forty days and forty nights, he was afterwards an hungered, Matt. 4:2."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "Was he weary?", "answer": "Yes: Being weary with his journey, he sat on the well, John 4:6."}, {"item_id": "7d", "question": "Did he sleep?", "answer": "Yes: When the ship was covered with waves he was asleep, Matt. 8:24."}, {"item_id": "7e", "question": "Did he pass through the ages of human life?", "answer": "Yes: For Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, Luke 2:52."}, {"item_id": "8a", "question": "Was the Redeemer willing to be incarnate for us?", "answer": "Yes: For when he cometh into the world, he saith, Lo, I come to do thy will, O God, Heb. 10:5, 7."}, {"item_id": "8b", "question": "Is it well for us that he was so?", "answer": "Yes: For by this will we are sanctified, Heb. 10:10."}, {"item_id": "8c", "question": "Was Christ's incarnation great condescension in him?", "answer": "Yes: For hereby he was made a little lower than the angels, Heb. 2:9."}, {"item_id": "8d", "question": "Was it a great honour to our nature?", "answer": "Yes: What is man that thou art thus mindful of him? Heb. 2:6-8."}, {"item_id": "8e", "question": "Is it good news to mankind?", "answer": "Yes: This is a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners, 1 Tim. 1:15."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "23", "sort_key": 23, "question": "What offices does Christ execute as our Redeemer?", "answer": "Christ as our Redeemer executes the offices of a Prophet, of a Priest, and of a King, both in his state of humiliation and exaltation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is Christ a complete Redeemer?", "answer": "Yes: For it pleased the Father that in him should all fulness dwell, Col. 1:19."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is he completely qualified for the undertaking?", "answer": "Yes: For God giveth not the Spirit by measure unto him, John 3:34."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is he authorized for it?", "answer": "Yes: For all things are delivered to him of the Father, Matt. 11:27."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Has he a full commission?", "answer": "Yes: For the Father judgeth no man, but has committed all judgment to the Son, John 5:22."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "And has he an ability equal to his authority?", "answer": "Yes: For as the Father hath life in himself, so hath he given to the Son to have life in himself, ver. 26."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is there all that in Christ which fallen man stands in need of?", "answer": "Yes: For Christ is all, and in all, Col. 3:11."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is he light?", "answer": "Yes: I am the light of the world, John 8:12."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is he life?", "answer": "Yes: In him was life, and the life was the light of men, John 1:4."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Is he our peace?", "answer": "Yes: He is our peace, Eph. 2:14."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Is he our head?", "answer": "Yes: He is the head of the body, the church, Col. 1:18."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "Is he the door?", "answer": "Yes: I am the door of the sheep, John 10:7."}, {"item_id": "2g", "question": "Is he the way?", "answer": "Yes: I am the way, the truth, and the life, John 14:6."}, {"item_id": "2h", "question": "Can we come to God as a Father, otherwise than by Jesus Christ as Mediator?", "answer": "No: For no man cometh to the Father but by me, John 14:6."}, {"item_id": "2i", "question": "Is he our food?", "answer": "Yes: I am that bread of life, John 6:48."}, {"item_id": "2j", "question": "Is he our friend?", "answer": "Yes: This is my beloved, and this is my friend, Cant. 5:16."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is Jesus Christ a Redeemer in office?", "answer": "Yes: For God hath exalted him with his own right hand to be a Prince and a Saviour, Acts 5:31."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Is he duly put in office?", "answer": "Yes: For him hath God the Father sealed, John 6:27."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Does he duly execute his office?", "answer": "Yes: For he was faithful to him that appointed him, Heb. 3:2."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Is he a Prophet?", "answer": "Yes: This is of a truth that Prophet that should come into the world, John 6:14."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Is he a Priest?", "answer": "Yes: He is the Apostle and High Priest of our profession, Heb. 3:1."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Is he a King?", "answer": "Yes: He is King of kings, and Lord of lords, Rev. 19:16."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Did Christ execute these offices in his state of humiliation?", "answer": "Yes: I have glorified thee on the earth, John 17:4."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Does he execute them in his state of exaltation?", "answer": "Yes: For in heaven itself he now appears in the presence of God for us, Heb. 9:24."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Is he then an all-sufficient Saviour?", "answer": "Yes: He is able to save to the uttermost all those that come to God by him, Heb. 7:25."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "And is he as willing to save as he is able?", "answer": "Yes: Whosoever comes unto me I will in no wise cast out, John 6:37."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "24", "sort_key": 24, "question": "How does Christ execute the office of a Prophet?", "answer": "Christ executes the office of a Prophet, in revealing to us by his Word and Spirit the will of God for our salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Does Christ execute the office of a Prophet?", "answer": "Yes: We know that thou art a Teacher come from God, John 3:2."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Does God speak to us by him?", "answer": "Yes: He hath in these last days spoken to us by his Son, Heb. 1:2."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Were there prophets under the Old Testament?", "answer": "Yes: God sent his servants the prophets, Jer. 25:4."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "But was Christ above them all?", "answer": "Yes: For he is the Lord God of the holy prophets, Rev. 22:6. compare Col. 1:11."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "And were they his agents?", "answer": "Yes: It was the Spirit of Christ in them that testified, 1 Pet. 1:11."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Was Moses the great type of Christ as a prophet?", "answer": "Yes: A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren like unto me, Acts 3:22."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "But was Christ greater than Moses?", "answer": "Yes: For Moses was faithful as a servant, but Christ as a Son, Heb. 3:5,6."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "And is the doctrine of Christ better than that of Moses?", "answer": "Yes: For the law was given by Moses, but grace and truth came by Jesus Christ, John 1:17."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Was Christ completely qualified to be a Prophet?", "answer": "Yes: For in him are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge, Col. 2:3."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Was ever any other so well qualified?", "answer": "No: For no man knows the Father, but the Son, Matt. 11: 27."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Has Christ, as a Prophet, revealed God's will to us?", "answer": "Yes: For he said, my doctrine is not mine, but his that sent me, John 7:16. and 12:49, 50."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Has he revealed God's will concerning our duty?", "answer": "Yes: For he did not come to destroy the law, but to fulfil, Matt. 5:17."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And concerning our happiness?", "answer": "Yes: For he was anointed to preach the acceptable year of the Lord, Luke 4:18."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Did Christ execute this office when he was on earth?", "answer": "Yes: For he taught them as one having authority, Matt. 7:29."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Did he introduce his doctrine with Thus saith the Lord, like the Old Testament prophets?", "answer": "No: But Verily, Verily, I say unto you, John 3:3."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Did he confirm his doctrine by miracles?", "answer": "Yes: Believe me (said he) for the very works' sake, John 14:11."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Were his miracles many?", "answer": "Yes: Many signs did Jesus in the presence of his disciples, John 20:30."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Were they profitable?", "answer": "Yes: He went about doing good, Acts 10:38."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Did Christ teach by the example of his life?", "answer": "Yes: That we might follow his steps, 1 Pet. 2:21."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Does he still execute this office?", "answer": "Yes: For he said, I have declared thy name unto them, and will declare it. John 17:26."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Does he reveal God's will to us by his word?", "answer": "Yes: For these things are written that we may believe. John 20:31."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "And by his Spirit?", "answer": "Yes: The Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost: he shall teach you all things, John 14:26."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Does Jesus Christ teach his people?", "answer": "Yes: All thy children shall be taught of the Lord, Isa. 54:13."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "And does he teach effectually?", "answer": "Yes: For the Son of man is come, and hath given us an understanding, 1 John 5:20."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "And does he teach compassionately?", "answer": "Yes: For he can have compassion on the ignorant, Heb. 5:2."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Must we learn of this Teacher?", "answer": "Yes: Learn of me, for I am meek and lowly in heart, Matt. 11:29."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Are we to receive his doctrine?", "answer": "Yes: Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly, Col. 3:16."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "And must we abide in it?", "answer": "Yes: If ye continue in my word, then are ye my disciples indeed, John 8:31."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "25", "sort_key": 25, "question": "How does Christ execute the office of a Priest?", "answer": "Christ executes the office of a Priest, in his once offering up of himself a sacrifice to satisfy divine justice and reconcile us to God, and in making continual intercession for us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Did fallen man need a Priest?", "answer": "Yes: For every high priest is ordained for man in things pertaining to God, Heb. 5:1."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Did Christ execute the office of a Priest?", "answer": "Yes: We have a great High Priest, Jesus the Son of God, Heb. 4:14."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Was he appointed to this office?", "answer": "Yes: For Christ glorified not himself to be made a High Priest, Heb. 5:5."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Was he confirmed in this office?", "answer": "Yes: For the Lord swore, and will not repent, thou art a Priest for ever, Heb. 7:21."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Did Christ as a Priest, make atonement for sin?", "answer": "Yes: He is a merciful and faithful High Priest, to make reconciliation for the sins of the people, Heb. 2:17."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Did he do this by the sacrifice of himself?", "answer": "Yes: He appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself, Heb. 9:26."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Was he himself the Priest?", "answer": "Yes: For through the eternal Spirit he offered himself, Heb. 9:14."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Was he himself the sacrifice?", "answer": "Yes: He made his soul an offering for sin, Isa. 53:10."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Was he himself the altar?", "answer": "Yes: For we have an altar, Heb. 13:10."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "Would not the legal sacrifices serve?", "answer": "No: For it was not possible that the blood of bulls and goats should take away sin, Heb. 10:4."}, {"item_id": "2g", "question": "Did God declare them insufficient?", "answer": "Yes: Sacrifice and offering thou wouldst not, ver. 5."}, {"item_id": "2h", "question": "Was this sacrifice necessary then?", "answer": "Yes: What the law could not do, in that it was weak, that Christ did, Rom. 8:3."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Did Christ as a sacrifice, bear our sins?", "answer": "Yes: His own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree, 1 Pet. 2:24."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Did he bear them by the Father's appointment?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord laid on him the iniquities of us all, Isa. 53:6."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Did he suffer for them?", "answer": "Yes: He was wounded for our transgressions, and bruised for our iniquities, ver. 5."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "And not for any sin of his own?", "answer": "No: Messiah shall be cut off, but not for himself, Dan. 9:26."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Did he suffer to satisfy for sin?", "answer": "Yes: He was once offered to bear the sins of many, Heb. 9:28."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "And was the satisfaction accepted?", "answer": "Yes: He gave himself for us a sacrifice to God of a sweet smelling savour, Eph. 5:2."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Did Christ offer himself voluntarily?", "answer": "Yes: No man taketh my life from me, but I lay it down of myself, John 10:18."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Was it his own act and deed to make his soul an offering?", "answer": "Yes: For he said, Father into thy hands I commend my spirit, Luke 23:46."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Did this sacrifice need to be repeated?", "answer": "No: For by one offering he perfected for ever them that are sanctified, Heb. 10:14."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Did Christ do this for the purchase of our pardon?", "answer": "Yes: For when he did it, he said, Father forgive them, Luke 23:34."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Was it designed to save us from ruin?", "answer": "Yes: He gave his life a ransom for many, Matt. 20:28."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "And to reconcile us to God?", "answer": "Yes: For he made peace through the blood of his cross, Col. 1:20."}, {"item_id": "4g", "question": "Is this our plea for peace and pardon?", "answer": "Yes: Who is he that condemns? It is Christ that died, Rom. 8:34."}, {"item_id": "4h", "question": "Is Christ then the great propitiation?", "answer": "Yes: He is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only, but for the sins of the whole world, 1 John 2:2."}, {"item_id": "4i", "question": "And have we hereby access to God?", "answer": "Yes: He suffered the just for the unjust, that he might bring us to God, 1 Pet. 3:18."}, {"item_id": "4j", "question": "And had the Old Testament saints the benefit of this sacrifice?", "answer": "Yes: For he was the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world, Rev. 13:8."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Does Christ, as a Priest, make intercession?", "answer": "Yes: For he bare the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors, Isa. 53:12."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Is he always doing this?", "answer": "Yes: He ever lives, making intercession, Heb. 7:25."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Does he do this as an Advocate?", "answer": "Yes: If any man sin, we have an Advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the Righteous, 1 John 2:1."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "And as a High Priest?", "answer": "Yes: Aaron shall bear their names before the Lord, Exod. 28:12."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Does he make intercession in the virtue of his satisfaction?", "answer": "Yes: For by his own blood he entered into the holy place, Heb. 9:12."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Is Christ a Priest after the order of Aaron?", "answer": "No: But after the order of Melchisedec, Ps. 110:4."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Is he a royal Priest?", "answer": "Yes: For he is a Priest upon his throne, and the counsel of peace shall be between them both, Zech. 6:13."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Is he a Priest that needs a successor?", "answer": "No: For this man, because he continueth forever, hath an unchangeable priesthood, Heb. 7:24."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Is he a priest that needs a sacrifice for himself?", "answer": "No: For the law makes men high priests which have infirmity; but the word of the oath makes the Son, who is consecrated for evermore, Heb. 7:28."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "Have all believers an interest in Christ's priesthood?", "answer": "Yes: For we have a High Priest over the house of God, Heb. 10:21."}, {"item_id": "6f", "question": "Is this an encouragement in our approaches to God?", "answer": "Yes: Let us therefore come boldly to the throne of grace, Heb. 4:16."}, {"item_id": "6g", "question": "And is this it we must depend upon for our acceptance with God?", "answer": "Yes: For spiritual sacrifices are acceptable to God only through Jesus Christ, 1 Pet. 2:5."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "26", "sort_key": 26, "question": "How does Christ execute the office of a King?", "answer": "Christ executes the office of a King, in subduing us to himself, in ruling and defending us, and in restraining and conquering all his and our enemies.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is Christ put into the office of a King?", "answer": "Yes: I have set my King upon my holy hill of Sion, Ps. 2:6."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Does he execute that office?", "answer": "Yes: He shall reign over the house of Jacob for ever, Luke 1:33."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is he King as Mediator?", "answer": "Yes: He hath authority to execute judgment, because he is the Son of man, John 5:27."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Is his kingdom a spiritual kingdom?", "answer": "Yes: My kingdom is not of this world, John 18:36."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is Christ universal monarch?", "answer": "Yes: For all power is given to him both in heaven and on earth, Matt. 28:18."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Has he a right to rule all?", "answer": "Yes: He is Lord of all, Acts 10:36."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Does he rule all?", "answer": "Yes: He is the governor among the nations, Ps. 22:28."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Does he rule all for the good of his church?", "answer": "Yes: He is head over all things to the church, Eph. 1:22."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Is he in a special manner the church's King?", "answer": "Yes: 0 daughter of Sion, thy King comes, Zech. 9:9."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Does Christ, as a King, subdue his people to himself?", "answer": "Yes: Thy people shall be willing in the day of thy power, Ps. 110:3."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Does he do it by the word of his grace?", "answer": "Yes: He draws with the cords of a man, and with the bands of love, Hos. 11:4."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Does he do it effectually?", "answer": "Yes: He makes ready a people prepared for the Lord, Luke 1:17."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Does he conquer the opposition of the carnal mind?", "answer": "Yes: For the weapons of our warfare are mighty through God, to the pulling down of strongholds, 2 Cor. 10:4."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Does he set up his throne in the soul?", "answer": "Yes: Bringing into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ, 2 Cor. 10:5."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "And does he rule there?", "answer": "Yes: For he writes his law in their hearts, Heb. 8:10."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Does Christ, as a King, reign in his church?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord is our Judge, the Lord is our Lawgiver, the Lord is our King, Isa 33:22."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Does he enact laws?", "answer": "Yes: He gave commandments to his apostles, Acts 1:2."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Does he commission officers?", "answer": "Yes: By me kings reign, Prov. 8:15."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Does he give judgment?", "answer": "Yes: We must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, 2 Cor 5:10."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Is homage and allegiance due to him?", "answer": "Yes: For at the name of Jesus every knee shall bow, Phil. 2:10."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Does he rule in righteousness?", "answer": "Yes; The sceptre of his kingdom is a right sceptre, Ps. 45:6."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Does Christ, as a King, protect his subjects?", "answer": "Yes: For he shall be as a hiding place from the wind, Isa 32:2."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "And does he secure the peace of his kingdom?", "answer": "Yes: For this man shall be the peace, Mic. 5:5."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Has he authority to pardon sin?", "answer": "Yes: The Son of man hath power on earth to forgive sin, Matt. 9:6."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Has he authority to reward services?", "answer": "Yes: I will give thee a crown of life, Rev. 2:10."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Does Christ, as King, restrain his enemies?", "answer": "Yes: On this Rock will I build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it, Matt. 16:18."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Will he conquer them at last?", "answer": "Yes: For he must reign till he hath put all enemies under his feet, 1 Cor 15:25."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Will he conquer death itself?", "answer": "Yes: The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death, 1 Cor 15:26."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Does he count those his enemies that will not have him to reign over them?", "answer": "Yes: Those mine enemies which would not that I should reign over them, bring hither, and slay them before me, Luke 19:27."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Is Christ a merciful King?", "answer": "Yes: He is meek, and having salvation, Zech. 9:9."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "Is he the poor man's King?", "answer": "Yes: He shall deliver the needy when he cries, Ps. 72:12."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "Has he a large kingdom?", "answer": "Yes: He shall have dominion from sea to sea, Ps. 72:8."}, {"item_id": "7d", "question": "Have we reason to hope it shall be larger than now it is?", "answer": "Yes: For the kingdoms of the world are become the kingdoms of the Lord and of his Christ, Rev. 11:15."}, {"item_id": "7e", "question": "Shall it be a lasting kingdom?", "answer": "Yes: His throne shall be as the days of heaven, Ps. 89:29."}, {"item_id": "7f", "question": "And when the mystery of God shall be finished, shall the kingdom of the Redeemer be resigned to the creator?", "answer": "Yes: Then cometh the end, when he shall have delivered up the kingdom to God, even the father, 1 Cor 15:24."}, {"item_id": "8a", "question": "Ought we to rejoice in Christ's dominion?", "answer": "Yes: Let the children of Sion be joyful in their King, Ps. 149:2."}, {"item_id": "8b", "question": "Must we accept him for our King?", "answer": "Yes: Take my yoke upon you, Matt. 11:29."}, {"item_id": "8c", "question": "Must we pay tribute to him?", "answer": "Yes: Send ye the Lamb to the ruler of the land, Isa. 16:1."}, {"item_id": "8d", "question": "Must we obey him?", "answer": "Yes: For he is the Author of eternal salvation to all them that obey him, Heb. 5:9."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "27", "sort_key": 27, "question": "Wherein did consist Christ's humiliation?", "answer": "Christ's humiliation consisted in his being born, and that in a low condition, made under the law, undergoing the miseries of this life, the wrath of God, and the cursed death of the cross; in being buried, and continuing under the power of death for a time.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Did Jesus Christ humble himself?", "answer": "Yes: For being in the form of God, he made himself of no reputation, Phil. 2:6, 7."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Was it a deep humiliation?", "answer": "Yes: For he said, I am a worm, and no man, Ps. 22:6."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Was it requisite he should humble himself?", "answer": "Yes: For thus it is written, and thus it behoved Christ to suffer, Luke 24:46."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "And was that a proper expedient to atone for our sin?", "answer": "Yes: For the sinner had said, I will be like the Most High, Isa. 14:14."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Did Christ humble himself in his birth?", "answer": "Yes: For he who thought it not robbery to be equal with God, was made in the likeness of men, Phil. 2:6, 7."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Was he born of that which was then a poor family?", "answer": "Yes: He was a root of dry ground, Isa. 53:2."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Was he born of a poor woman?", "answer": "Yes: For she offered for her cleansing only a pair of turtle doves, or two young pigeons, Luke 2:24. compare Lev. 12:8."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Was his supposed father a poor man?", "answer": "Yes: They said, Is not this the carpenter's son, Matt. 13:55."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Was lie born in a poor place?", "answer": "Yes: Bethlehem was little among the thousands of Judah, Mic. 5:2."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "Was he born in poor circumstances?", "answer": "Yes: In the stable of an inn, and laid in a manger, Luke 2:7."}, {"item_id": "2g", "question": "Had he respect paid him that was due to an incarnate Deity?", "answer": "No: For he was in the world, and the world knew him not, John 1:10."}, {"item_id": "2h", "question": "Was he respected by his countrymen?", "answer": "No: He came to his own, but his own received him not, v.11."}, {"item_id": "2i", "question": "Was he born honourably?", "answer": "No: For he took upon him the form of a servant, Phil. 2:7."}, {"item_id": "2j", "question": "Was he born wealthy?", "answer": "No: Though he was poor het for our sakes he became poor, 2 Cor. 8:9."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Was Christ made under the law?", "answer": "Yes: God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law, Gal. 4:4."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Was he circumcised?", "answer": "Yes: When eight days were accomplished, Luke 2:21."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Was he presented in the temple?", "answer": "Yes: They brought him to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord, ver. 22."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Did he keep the passover?", "answer": "Yes: When he was twelve years old, he went up to Jerusalem, after the custom of the feast, ver. 42."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Was he obedient to his parents?", "answer": "Yes: He went down with them to Nazareth, and was subject to them, ver. 51."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Did he pay tribute?", "answer": "Yes: That give for me and thee, Matt. 17:24, 27."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "Did he fulfil all righteousness?", "answer": "Yes: Thus it becometh us to fulfil all righteousness, Matt. 3:15."}, {"item_id": "3h", "question": "Did he submit to the law of the mediatorship?", "answer": "Yes: Thy law is within my heart, Ps. 40:8."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Was his education mean?", "answer": "Yes: For they said, Is not this the carpenter? Mark 6:3."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Was the place of his abode despicable?", "answer": "Yes: Can any good thing come out of Nazareth? John 1:46."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Did he live in honour?", "answer": "No: For he was despised and rejected of men, Isa. 53:3."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Was he attended by great folks?", "answer": "No: Have any of the rulers, or of the Pharisees believed on him? John 7:48."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Were his followers mean?", "answer": "Yes: For they were fishers, Matt. 4:18."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Did he live in mirth and pleasure?", "answer": "No: He was a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief, Isa. 53:3."}, {"item_id": "4g", "question": "Was the sin of sinners a grief to him?", "answer": "Yes: He was grieved for the hardness of their hearts, Mark 3:5."}, {"item_id": "4h", "question": "Were the sorrows of his friends a grief to him?", "answer": "Yes: Jesus wept, John 11:35."}, {"item_id": "4i", "question": "Had he a house of his own?", "answer": "No: Foxes have holes, and the birds of the air have nests, but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head, Luke 9:58."}, {"item_id": "4j", "question": "Was he fed with the finest of the wheat?", "answer": "No: He had barley-loaves, John 6:9."}, {"item_id": "4k", "question": "Did lie live upon alms?", "answer": "Yes: For certain women ministered to him of their substance, Luke 8:3."}, {"item_id": "4l", "question": "Had he a stately place to preach in?", "answer": "No: He taught the people out of the ship, Luke 5:8."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Was he tempted of Satan?", "answer": "Yes: He was in the wilderness forty days tempted of Satan, Mark 1:13."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Was that a part of his sufferings?", "answer": "Yes: For he suffered, being tempted, Heb. 2:18."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Was he persecuted betimes?", "answer": "Yes: Herod sought the young child to destroy him, Matt. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Was he slandered and reproached?", "answer": "Yes: They said of him, Behold a gluttonous man, and a wine-bibber, a friend of publicans and sinners, Luke 7:34."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Was he represented as a madman?", "answer": "Yes: They said, He hath a devil, and is mad, John 10:20."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "And as one that is in league with the devil?", "answer": "Yes: They said, He casteth out devils by Beelzebub the prince of the devils, Matt. 12:24."}, {"item_id": "5g", "question": "Did they cavil at his preaching?", "answer": "Yes: He endured the contradiction of sinners against himself, Heb. 12:3."}, {"item_id": "5h", "question": "Did lie bear all this patiently?", "answer": "Yes: When lie was reviled, he reviled not again, 1 Pet. 2:23."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "But notwithstanding this, had he honour done him in his humiliation?", "answer": "Yes: For it was said of him, He shall be great, Luke 1:32."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Did God put honour upon him?", "answer": "Yes: He received from God the Father honour and glory, 2 Pet. 1:17."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Did angels do him honour?", "answer": "Yes: Behold, angels came and ministered to him, Matt. 4:11."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Did foreigners do him honour?", "answer": "Yes: Wise men of the east came to worship him, Matt. 2:2."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "Did the common report of the people do him honour?", "answer": "Yes: For some said he was Elias, others Jeremiah, or one of the prophets, Matt. 16:14."}, {"item_id": "6f", "question": "Did those that saw his miracles do him honour?", "answer": "Yes: For they said, it was never so seen in Israel, Matt. 9:33."}, {"item_id": "6g", "question": "Did inferior creatures do him honour?", "answer": "Yes: Even the winds and the seas obeyed him, Matt. 8:27."}, {"item_id": "6h", "question": "Were devils themselves compelled to acknowledge him?", "answer": "Yes: For they said, We know thee who thou art, the Holy One of God, Mark 1:24."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Did he humble himself unto death?", "answer": "Yes: He humbled himself, and became obedient to death, Phil. 2:8."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "Did he die for us?", "answer": "Yes: He was delivered for our offences, Rom. 4:25."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "Was this according to the counsels of God?", "answer": "Yes: He was delivered by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God, Acts 2:23."}, {"item_id": "7d", "question": "Did he suffer in his soul?", "answer": "Yes: For he said, Now is my soul troubled, John 12:27."}, {"item_id": "7e", "question": "Did he suffer from his Father ?", "answer": "Yes: He was stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted, Isa. 53:4."}, {"item_id": "7f", "question": "Did he suffer in soul from his Father?", "answer": "Yes: For he put him to grief, ver. 10."}, {"item_id": "7g", "question": "Did this put him into an agony?", "answer": "Yes: He began to be sorrowful, and very heavy, Matt. 26:37."}, {"item_id": "7h", "question": "Did he suffer this for us?", "answer": "Yes: For he made him sin for us who knew no sin, 2 Cor. 5:21."}, {"item_id": "7i", "question": "And yet did the Father love him even when he bruised him?", "answer": "Yes: Therefore doth my Father love me, because I lay down my life, John 10:17."}, {"item_id": "8a", "question": "Did he suffer from Satan?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shall bruise his heel, Gen. 3:15."}, {"item_id": "8b", "question": "Did Satan set upon him?", "answer": "Yes: The prince of this world cometh, John 14:30."}, {"item_id": "8c", "question": "But did Satan conquer him?", "answer": "No: He hath nothing in me, John 14:30."}, {"item_id": "8d", "question": "Did he suffer from the Jews?", "answer": "Yes: For they cried, Crucify him, crucify him, Luke 23:21."}, {"item_id": "8e", "question": "Did he suffer from the chief of the Jews?", "answer": "Yes: He was the stone which the builders refused, Ps. 118:29."}, {"item_id": "8f", "question": "Did he suffer from the Romans?", "answer": "Yes: The princes of this world crucified the Lord of glory, 1 Cor. 2:8."}, {"item_id": "8g", "question": "Was he betrayed by Judas?", "answer": "Yes: They put it into the heart of Judas Iscariot to betray him, John 13:2."}, {"item_id": "8h", "question": "Was he sold for thirty pieces of silver?", "answer": "Yes: A goodly price that I was prized at, Zech. 11:13."}, {"item_id": "8i", "question": "Was he forsaken by his own disciples?", "answer": "Yes: All his disciples forsook him, and fled, Matt. 26:56."}, {"item_id": "9a", "question": "Was he falsely accused?", "answer": "Yes: They sought false witnesses against him to put him to death, Matt. 26:59."}, {"item_id": "9b", "question": "Was he basely abused?", "answer": "Yes: He hid not his face from shame and spitting, Isa. 1:6."}, {"item_id": "9c", "question": "Was he condemned as a blasphemer?", "answer": "Yes: They said, He hath spoken blasphemy, Matt. 26:65."}, {"item_id": "9d", "question": "Was he condemned as a traitor?", "answer": "Yes: For they said he perverted the nation, forbidding to give tribute to Caesar, Luke 23:2."}, {"item_id": "9e", "question": "Was he scourged?", "answer": "Yes: For by his stripes we are healed, Isa. 53:5."}, {"item_id": "9f", "question": "Was he exposed to contempt ?", "answer": "Yes: He was a reproach of men, and despised of the people, Ps. 22:6."}, {"item_id": "9g", "question": "Did they scoff at him as a prophet?", "answer": "Yes: They said, Prophesy who smote thee, Matt. 26:68."}, {"item_id": "9h", "question": "Did they scoff at him as a King?", "answer": "Yes: They said, Hail, King of tile Jews, Matt. 27:29."}, {"item_id": "9i", "question": "Did they scoff at him as a Priest and Saviour?", "answer": "Yes: They said, He saved others, himself he cannot save, Matt. 27:42."}, {"item_id": "10a", "question": "Was he sentenced to the cross?", "answer": "Yes: Pilate delivered him to be crucified, Matt. 27:26."}, {"item_id": "10b", "question": "Was he crucified between two thieves?", "answer": "Yes: He was numbered with the transgressors, Isa. 53:12."}, {"item_id": "10c", "question": "Did he die a bloody death?", "answer": "Yes: For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and it is the blood that makes atonement for the soul, Lev. 17:11."}, {"item_id": "10d", "question": "Did he die a painful death?", "answer": "Yes: They pierced his hands and feet, Ps. 22:16."}, {"item_id": "10e", "question": "And a shameful death?", "answer": "Yes: He endured the cross, despising the shame, Heb. 12:2."}, {"item_id": "10f", "question": "And accursed death?", "answer": "Yes: For he that is hanged is accursed of God, Deut. 21:23. Gal. 3:13."}, {"item_id": "10g", "question": "Did God seem to withdraw from him in his sufferings?", "answer": "Yes: He cried with a loud voice, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? Matt. 27:46."}, {"item_id": "11a", "question": "Did Christ die to glorify God?", "answer": "Yes: For this cause came I to this hour. Father, glorify thy name, John 12:27, 28."}, {"item_id": "11b", "question": "Did he die to satisfy for our sins?", "answer": "Yes: It was to finish transgression, and to make an end of sins, to make reconciliation for iniquity, and bring in everlasting righteousness, Dan 9:14."}, {"item_id": "11c", "question": "Did he die to conquer Satan?", "answer": "Yes: He spoiled principalities and powers, triumphing over them in his cross, Col. 2:15."}, {"item_id": "11d", "question": "Did he die to save us from sin?", "answer": "Yes: He gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, Titus 2:14."}, {"item_id": "11e", "question": "Did he die to purchase heaven for us?", "answer": "Yes: For it is the purchased possession, Eph. 1:14. Heb. 9:15."}, {"item_id": "11f", "question": "Was he in his death made a curse for us?", "answer": "Yes: For Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us, Gal. 3:13."}, {"item_id": "11g", "question": "Did Christ sweat for us?", "answer": "Yes: His sweat was, as it were, great drops of blood, Luke 22:44."}, {"item_id": "11h", "question": "And thorns being also a fruit of the curse, did Christ wear them for us ?", "answer": "Yes: They platted a crown of thorns and put it upon his head, Matt. 27:29."}, {"item_id": "12a", "question": "Did Christ do all that was to be done in his sufferings for us?", "answer": "Yes: He said, It is finished, John 19:30."}, {"item_id": "12b", "question": "Did the events answer the predictions?", "answer": "Yes: For the Scriptures must be fulfilled, Mark 14:49."}, {"item_id": "12c", "question": "Are we sure that Christ was truly dead ?", "answer": "Yes: For one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and forthwith came thereout blood and water, and he that saw it bare record, John 19:34, 35."}, {"item_id": "12d", "question": "Did Christ die as a martyr?", "answer": "Yes: For before Pontius Pilate he witnessed a good confession, 1 Tim. 6:13."}, {"item_id": "12e", "question": "Did he die as a testator ?", "answer": "Yes: For where a testament is, there must needs be the death of the testator, Heb. 9:16."}, {"item_id": "12f", "question": "Did he die as a sacrifice ?", "answer": "Yes: Christ our passover is sacrificed for us, 1 Cor. 5:7."}, {"item_id": "13a", "question": "Was there honour done to Christ even in his sufferings?", "answer": "Yes: The earth did quake, and the rocks rent, and the graves were opened, Matt. 27:51."}, {"item_id": "13b", "question": "And were some thereby convinced ?", "answer": "Yes: They feared greatly, saying, Truly this was the Son of God, Matt. 27:54."}, {"item_id": "13c", "question": "Is the cross of Christ then a reproach to us?", "answer": "No: God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, Gal. 6:14."}, {"item_id": "13d", "question": "Is it what we should all be acquainted with ?", "answer": "Yes: I determined to know nothing but Jesus Christ, and him crucified, 1 Cor. 2:12."}, {"item_id": "13e", "question": "And ought we to celebrate the praises of our crucified Saviour?", "answer": "Yes: Worthy is the Lamb that was slain to receive honour, and glory, and blessing, Rev. 5:12."}, {"item_id": "14a", "question": "When Christ was dead, was he buried ?", "answer": "Yes: They took him down from the tree, and laid him in a sepulchre, Acts 13:29."}, {"item_id": "14b", "question": "Was he buried according to the custom?", "answer": "Yes: As the manner of the Jews is to bury, John 19:40."}, {"item_id": "14c", "question": "Did he continue under the power of death for a time?", "answer": "Yes: For as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale's belly, so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth, Matt. 12:40."}, {"item_id": "14d", "question": "Was this his descent into hell?", "answer": "Yes: He descended into the lower parts of the earth, Eph. 4:9."}, {"item_id": "14e", "question": "Did his separate soul go to paradise ?", "answer": "Yes: This day shalt thou be with me in paradise, Luke 23:43."}, {"item_id": "14f", "question": "Did his body see corruption?", "answer": "No: Thou wilt not leave my soul in hell, neither wilt thou suffer thine Holy One to see corruption, Acts 2:27."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "28", "sort_key": 28, "question": "Wherein consists Christ's exaltation?", "answer": "Christ's exaltation consists in his rising again from the dead on the third day, in ascending up into heaven, in sitting at the right hand of God the Father, and in coming to judge the world at the last day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is Jesus Christ exalted?", "answer": "Yes: Because he humbled himself, therefore God also hath highly exalted him, Phil. 2:9."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Was his humiliation the way to exaltation?", "answer": "Yes: He suffered these things, and so entered into his glory, Luke 24:26."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Was his exaltation the reward of his humiliation?", "answer": "Yes: I have glorified thee on the earth, and now O Father, glorify thou me, John 17:5."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Had he it in his eye in his sufferings?", "answer": "Yes: For the joy that was set before him, he endured the cross, Heb. 12:2."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Was his resurrection the first step of his exaltation?", "answer": "Yes: He was buried, and rose again the third day according to the Scriptures, 1 Cor. 15:4."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Did he continue always in the hands of death?", "answer": "No: For it was impossible he should be holden of them, Acts 2:24."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Did he rise to life?", "answer": "Yes: He both rose and revived, Rom. 14:9."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Did the same body rise?", "answer": "Yes: Behold my hands and my feet, that it is I myself, Luke 24:39."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Is he the same Jesus still?", "answer": "Yes: I am he that liveth, and was dead, Rev. 1:18."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "Did he lie in the grave all the Jewish sabbath?", "answer": "Yes: For he rose in the end of the sabbath, Matt. 28:1."}, {"item_id": "2g", "question": "Did he rise the same day of the week?", "answer": "Yes: As it began to dawn towards the first day of the week, Matt. 28:1."}, {"item_id": "2h", "question": "Have we sufficient proof of his resurrection?", "answer": "Yes: He showed himself alive, by many infallible proofs, Acts 1:3."}, {"item_id": "2i", "question": "Did he rise to die no more?", "answer": "Yes: Death hath no more dominion over him, Rom. 6:9."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Did Christ rise by his own power?", "answer": "Yes: Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up, John 2:19. and 10:18."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Was that a divine power?", "answer": "Yes: For he was crucified through weakness, but he lived by the power of God, 2 Cor. 13:4."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Was it the great proof of his being the Son of God?", "answer": "Yes: He was declared to be the Son of God with power by the resurrection from the dead, Rom. 1:4."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Was it the will of the Father he should rise?", "answer": "Yes: For the angel of the Lord descended from heaven, and came, and rolled back the stone, Matt. 28:2."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Did the Father raise him?", "answer": "Yes: God raised him from the dead, Acts 13:30."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Was this an evidence of the acceptance of his satisfaction?", "answer": "Yes: For he was raised again for our justification, Rom. 4:25."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "And we may plead it?", "answer": "Yes: It is Christ that died, yea, rather, that is risen again, Rom. 8:34."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Did Christ rise as a public person?", "answer": "Yes: For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead, 1 Cor. 15:21."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Are true believers raised with him to a spiritual life ?", "answer": "Yes: Be hath quickened us together with Christ, Eph. 2:5."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And shall they be shortly raised to eternal life?", "answer": "Yes: Christ the first-fruits, afterward they that are Christ's at his coming, 1 Cor. 15:23."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Is the resurrection of Christ one of the great foundations of Christianity?", "answer": "Yes: If Christ be not risen, our faith is vain, ver. 14."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Did Christ stay on earth forty days after his resurrection?", "answer": "Yes: He was seen of them forty days, Acts 1:3."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Did he then ascend up into heaven?", "answer": "Yes: While he blessed them he was parted from them, and carried up into heaven, Luke 24:51."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Did he ascend in a cloud?", "answer": "Yes: A cloud received him out of their sight, Acts 1:9."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Was he welcome in heaven?", "answer": "Yes: When the Son of man came with the clouds of heaven, he came to the Ancient of days, and they brought him near before him, Dan. 7:13."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Was it for our advantage that he ascended up into heaven?", "answer": "Yes: It is expedient for you that I go away, John 16:7."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Did he ascend as a conqueror?", "answer": "Yes: When he ascended on high, he led captivity captive, Eph. 4:8."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Did he ascend as our forerunner?", "answer": "Yes: As the forerunner he is for us entered, Heb. 6:20."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Is he gone to prepare a place for us?", "answer": "Yes: I go to prepare a place for you, John 14:2."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "Did he enter as our High Priest, within the veil?", "answer": "Yes: By his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, Heb. 9:12."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Did he sit at the right hand of God?", "answer": "Yes: He is seated on the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens, Heb. 8:1."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "Has he authority to sit there?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, Ps. 110:1."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "Is he there now?", "answer": "Yes: He is even at the right hand of God, Rom. 8:34."}, {"item_id": "7d", "question": "Has he been seen there?", "answer": "Yes: Stephen said, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of man standing on the right hand of God, Acts 7:56."}, {"item_id": "7e", "question": "Will he continue there?", "answer": "Yes: The heavens must receive him till the restitution of all things, Acts 3:21."}, {"item_id": "7f", "question": "Has he the highest honour there?", "answer": "Yes: God hath given him a name above every name, Phil. 2:9."}, {"item_id": "7g", "question": "Has he the sovereign power there?", "answer": "Yes: For angels, authorities, and powers are made subject to him, 1 Pet. 3:22."}, {"item_id": "7h", "question": "Is he Lord of all there?", "answer": "Yes: Thou crownedst him with glory and honour, and didst set him over the works of thy hands, Heb. 2:7."}, {"item_id": "7i", "question": "Ought we therefore to have our hearts in heaven?", "answer": "Yes: Seek those things which are above, where Christ sits on the right hand of God, Col. 3:1."}, {"item_id": "8a", "question": "Will Christ come again?", "answer": "Yes: If I go to prepare a place for you, I will come again, John 14:3."}, {"item_id": "8b", "question": "Are you sure he will come again?", "answer": "Yes: For he said, Surely I come quickly, Rev. 22:20."}, {"item_id": "8c", "question": "Will he come in glory?", "answer": "Yes: He shall come in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory, Matt. 24:30."}, {"item_id": "8d", "question": "Will his angels attend him?", "answer": "Yes: He shall come in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, Matt. 25:31."}, {"item_id": "8e", "question": "Will he come publicly ?", "answer": "Yes: Behold he comes in the clouds, and every eye shall see him, Rev. 1:7."}, {"item_id": "9a", "question": "Will Christ come to judge the world?", "answer": "Yes: God hath appointed a day in which he will judge the world in righteousness by that Man whom he hath ordained, Acts 17:31."}, {"item_id": "9b", "question": "Will he come to the terror of all his enemies?", "answer": "Yes: They also which pierced him shall wail because of him, Rev. 1:7."}, {"item_id": "9c", "question": "Will he come to the comfort of all his faithful followers?", "answer": "Yes: To them that look for him, he will appear the second time unto salvation, Heb. 9:28."}, {"item_id": "9d", "question": "Will this be at the last day?", "answer": "Yes: I will raise him up at the last day, John 6:39."}, {"item_id": "9e", "question": "Ought we to wait for that day?", "answer": "Yes: Looking for the blessed hope, and the glorious appearance of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ, Tit. 2:13."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "29", "sort_key": 29, "question": "How are we made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ?", "answer": "We are made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ, by the effectual application of it to us by his Holy Spirit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is redemption purchased by Christ?", "answer": "Yes: He obtained eternal redemption for us, Heb. 9:12."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is he then the Author of it?", "answer": "Yes: He became the Author of salvation, Heb. 5:9."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is it redemption by price?", "answer": "Yes: Ye are bought with a price, 1 Cor. 6:20."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Is it a redemption by power?", "answer": "Yes: For he hath led captivity captive, Ps. 68:18."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Is this redemption offered to all?", "answer": "Yes: He hath proclaimed liberty to the captives, Isa. 61:1."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "May all that will take the benefit of it ?", "answer": "Yes: Ho, every one that thirsteth, come ye to the waters, Isa. 55:1."}, {"item_id": "1g", "question": "Have all the world therefore some benefit by it?", "answer": "Yes: Go into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature, Mark 16:15."}, {"item_id": "1h", "question": "But have all the world a like benefit by it?", "answer": "No: Thou wilt manifest thyself to us, and not unto the world, John 14:22."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is it enough for us that there is a redemption purchased?", "answer": "No: For there are those who deny the Lord who bought them, 2 Pet. 2:1."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is it enough to hear of it?", "answer": "No: For to some it is a savour of death unto death, 2 Cor. 2:16."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is it enough to have a name among the redeemed?", "answer": "No: Thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead, Rev. 3:1."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Is it necessary therefore that we be partakers of the redemption?", "answer": "Yes: That we may say, Who loved me, and gave himself for me, Gal. 2:20."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Do all partake of it?", "answer": "No: Thou hast neither part nor lot in this matter, Acts 8:21."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "Do all believers partake of it?", "answer": "Yes: We are made partakers of Christ, Heb. 2:14."}, {"item_id": "2g", "question": "Do they receive the Redeemer?", "answer": "Yes: We have received Christ Jesus the Lord, Col. 2:6."}, {"item_id": "2h", "question": "Do any receive this of themselves?", "answer": "No: A man can receive nothing except it be given him from above, John 3:27."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Must the redemption be applied to us?", "answer": "Yes: It is Christ in you the hope of glory, Col. 1:27."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Is it the Spirit's work to apply it?", "answer": "Yes: For it is the Spirit that quickens, John 6:68."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Is he sent for that purpose?", "answer": "Yes: He shall take of mine, and shall show it unto you, John 16:15."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Is he sent in Christ's name?", "answer": "Yes: He is the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, John 14:26."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Have we as much need of the Spirit to apply the redemption to us, as of the Son to purchase it for us?", "answer": "Yes: For when Christ had purchased it, it was expedient for us he should go away, that he might send the Comforter, John 16:7."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is the Spirit given to the church in general?", "answer": "Yes: Another Comforter shall abide with you for ever, John 14:16."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Is he promised to particular persons?", "answer": "Yes: Turn ye at my reproof; behold, I will pour out my Spirit unto you, Prov. 1:28."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Are we to pray for the Spirit then?", "answer": "Yes: Our heavenly Father will give the Holy Spirit to them that ask him, Luke 11:13."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Do all believers receive of the Spirit?", "answer": "Yes: God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, Gal. 4:6."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Is he their teacher?", "answer": "Yes: He shall teach them all things, John 14:26."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Is he their remembrancer?", "answer": "Yes: He shall bring all things to their remembrance, John 14:26."}, {"item_id": "4g", "question": "Is he the earnest?", "answer": "Yes: He hath given the earnest of the Spirit in our hearts, 2 Cor. 1:22."}, {"item_id": "4h", "question": "Does he begin the good work of grace in the heart?", "answer": "Yes: For when he is come, he shall convince, John 16:8."}, {"item_id": "4i", "question": "And does he perfect it?", "answer": "Yes: For he hath wrought us for the selfsame thing, 2 Cor. 5:5."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "30", "sort_key": 30, "question": "How does the Spirit apply to us the redemption purchased by Christ?", "answer": "The Spirit applies to us the redemption purchased by Christ, by working faith in us, and hereby uniting us to Christ in our effectual calling.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Does the Spirit act freely in applying the redemption?", "answer": "Yes: The wind bloweth where it listeth, so is every one that is born of the Spirit, John 3:8."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Does he act mysteriously?", "answer": "Yes: Thou knowest not what is the way of the Spirit, Eccl. 11:5."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Does he act effectually?", "answer": "Yes: All that the Father giveth me shall come to me, John 6:37."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is faith necessary to our interest in the redemption?", "answer": "Yes: For without faith it is impossible to please God, Heb. 11:6."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is it the great thing necessary?", "answer": "Yes: Only believe, all things are possible to him that can believe, Mark 5:36. and 9:23."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Can we have a saving interest in the redemption without faith?", "answer": "No: He that believeth not, is condemned already, John 3:18."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Is it that which is required on our part?", "answer": "Yes: By grace ye are saved through faith."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "And is it of ourselves?", "answer": "No: Not of ourselves, it is the gift of God, Eph. 2:8."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "Is it given for Christ's sake?", "answer": "Yes: Unto you it is given on the behalf of Christ to believe on him, Phil. 1:29."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Does the Spirit work faith in us?", "answer": "Yes: It is the faith of the operation of God, Col. 2:12."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Is it a divine work then?", "answer": "Yes: This is the work of God, that ye believe, John 6:29."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Is it a work of divine power?", "answer": "Yes: We believe according to the working of his mighty power, which he wrought in Christ, Eph. 1:19, 20."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Is it wrought in all the saints?", "answer": "Yes: For they have all obtained a like precious faith, 2 Pet. 1:1."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Shall it be wrought in all the chosen?", "answer": "Yes: For it is the faith of God's elect, Tit. 1:1."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Are all true believers united to Christ?", "answer": "Yes: He that is joined to the Lord is one spirit, 1 Cor. 6:17."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Are they interested in his death?", "answer": "Yes: We are crucified with Christ, Gal. 2:20."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And in his burial?", "answer": "Yes: We are buried with him in baptism, Rom. 6:4."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "And in his resurrection?", "answer": "Yes: He has quickened us together with Christ, Eph. 2:5."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "And in his ascension?", "answer": "Yes: He has made us sit together in heavenly places in Christ Jesus, Eph. 2:6."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Is there a real union between Christ and believers?", "answer": "Yes: For both he that sanctifieth, and they who are sanctified are all of one, Heb 2:11."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Is he the head?", "answer": "Yes: He is the Head of the body, the church, Col 1:18."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Are they his members?", "answer": "Yes: Who are members of his body, of his flesh, and of his bones, Eph. 5:30."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Is he the Root?", "answer": "Yes: For of his fulness have all we received, John 1:16."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Are they the branches?", "answer": "Yes: I am the vine, ye are the branches, John 15:5."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "Is he the Foundation?", "answer": "Yes: Behold I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, Isa 28:16."}, {"item_id": "5g", "question": "Are they built upon him?", "answer": "Yes: Ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, 1 Pet. 2:5."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Is there a relative union between Christ and believers?", "answer": "Yes: I ascend to my Father and your Father, John 20:17."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Are they his children?", "answer": "Yes: Here am I, and the children which thou hast given me, Heb. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Are they his brethren?", "answer": "Yes: He is not ashamed to call them brethren, Heb. 2:11, 12."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Are they his spouse?", "answer": "Yes: I have espoused you to one husband, 2 Cor. 11:2."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "Are they his subjects?", "answer": "Yes: They are translated into the kingdom of his dear Son, Col. 1:13."}, {"item_id": "6f", "question": "Are they his soldiers?", "answer": "Yes: Good soldiers of Jesus Christ, 2 Tim. 2:3."}, {"item_id": "6g", "question": "Are they his servants?", "answer": "Yes: Ye call me Master and Lord, John 13:13."}, {"item_id": "6h", "question": "Are they his scholars?", "answer": "Yes: They sit at Jesus' feet and hear his word, Luke 10:39."}, {"item_id": "6i", "question": "Are they his sheep?", "answer": "Yes: For he is the great Shepherd of the sheep, Heb. 13:20."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Is it by faith that we are united to Christ?", "answer": "Yes: For Christ dwells in the heart by faith, Eph. 3:17."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "Is that owing to the Spirit?", "answer": "Yes: We are a habitation of God through the Spirit, Eph. 2:22."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "Does communion result from this union?", "answer": "Yes: For truly our fellowship is with the Father, and with his Son Jesus Christ, 1 John 1:3."}, {"item_id": "7d", "question": "And is that owing to the Spirit?", "answer": "Yes: We have an access by one Spirit unto the Father, Eph. 2:18."}, {"item_id": "7e", "question": "Can we be united to Christ without the indwelling of the Spirit?", "answer": "No: For if any man have not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of his, Rom. 8:9."}, {"item_id": "7f", "question": "Have all that are united to Christ an interest in the benefits of redemption?", "answer": "Yes: For of him are we in Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us wisdom, righteousness, sanctification, and redemption, 1 Cor. 1:30."}, {"item_id": "8a", "question": "Are we united to Christ in our effectual calling?", "answer": "Yes: For we are called into the fellowship of his Son, Jesus Christ our Lord, 1 Cor. 1:9."}, {"item_id": "8b", "question": "Will the common call unite us to Christ?", "answer": "No: For many are called, but few are chosen, Matt. 22:14."}, {"item_id": "8c", "question": "Is it the effectual call then that does it?", "answer": "Yes: For whom he called, them he justified, Rom. 8:30."}, {"item_id": "9a", "question": "Does the gospel call us from sin to God?", "answer": "Yes: It turns from the power of Satan unto God, Acts 26:18."}, {"item_id": "9b", "question": "Does it call us from self to Christ?", "answer": "Yes: If any man will be my disciple, let him deny himself and follow me, Matt. 16:24."}, {"item_id": "9c", "question": "Does it call us from darkness to light?", "answer": "Yes: He hath called us out of darkness into his marvellous light, 1 Pet. 2:9."}, {"item_id": "9d", "question": "And from uncleanness to holiness?", "answer": "Yes: God hath not called us to uncleanness, but to holiness, 1 Thes. 4:7."}, {"item_id": "9e", "question": "And from this world to the other?", "answer": "Yes: If ye be risen with Christ, seek those things that are above, Col. 3:1."}, {"item_id": "9f", "question": "Is this call effectual when we come at the call?", "answer": "Yes: Follow me, and he arose and followed him, Matt. 9:9."}, {"item_id": "9g", "question": "Is it our great concern to make this sure?", "answer": "Yes: Make your calling and your election sure, 2 Pet. 1:10."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "31", "sort_key": 31, "question": "What is effectual calling?", "answer": "Effectual calling is the work of God's Spirit, whereby convincing us of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, he does persuade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ, freely offered to us in the gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is the common call given to the world?", "answer": "Yes: He sent forth his servants to call them that were bidden, Matt. 22:3."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Can ministers make that call effectual?", "answer": "No: For who hath believed our report, Isa. 53:1."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is it the work of God to make it effectual?", "answer": "Yes: For it is God that giveth the increase, 1 Cor. 3:7."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Does he do it in a way suitable to our nature?", "answer": "Yes: I drew them with cords of a man, Hos. 11:4."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Is it necessary to our salvation that the call should be effectual?", "answer": "Yes: Who hath saved us, and called us with a holy calling, 2 Tim. 1:9."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Are all who are effectually called convinced of sin?", "answer": "Yes: I was alive without the law once, but when the commandment came, sin revived, Rom. 7:9."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is it the Spirit's work to convince?", "answer": "Yes: When he is come he will convince the world of sin, John 16:8."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is the word the ordinary means of conviction?", "answer": "Yes: For by the law is the knowledge of sin, Rom. 3:20."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Is it necessary we should be convinced of sin?", "answer": "Yes: For they that are whole need not a physician, Matt. 9:12."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Must we be convinced of the fact of sin?", "answer": "Yes: These things thou hast done, Ps. 50:21."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "And of the fault of sin?", "answer": "Yes: Know therefore, and see, that it is an evil thing, Jer. 2:19."}, {"item_id": "2g", "question": "And of the folly of sin?", "answer": "Yes: Herein thou hast done foolishly, 2 Chron. 16:9."}, {"item_id": "2h", "question": "And of the filth of sin?", "answer": "Yes: For how canst thou say, I am not polluted? Jer. 2:23."}, {"item_id": "2i", "question": "And of the fruit of sin?", "answer": "Yes: Your sins have separated between you and your God, Isa. 59:1, 2."}, {"item_id": "2j", "question": "And of the fountain of sin?", "answer": "Yes: They shall know every man the plague of his own heart, 1 Kings 8:38."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Must we also be convinced of our misery?", "answer": "Yes: Thou art wretched and miserable, Rev. 3:17."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And of our danger?", "answer": "Yes: Flee from the wrath to come, Matt. 3:7."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Must we be convinced of our helplessness in ourselves?", "answer": "Yes: When sin revived I died, Rom. 7:9."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "And of the possibility of our being helped by the grace of God?", "answer": "Yes: How many hired servants of my father have bread enough, and to spare! Luke 15:17."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Will these convictions put us in pain?", "answer": "Yes: When they heard this, they were pricked to the heart, Acts 2:37."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "And bring us to be at a loss within ourselves?", "answer": "Yes: Men and brethren, what shall we do? Acts 2:37."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "And put us upon inquiry?", "answer": "Yes: They shall ask the way to Sion with their faces thitherward, Jer. 1:5."}, {"item_id": "3h", "question": "Are these convictions necessary to prepare us for an invitation to Christ?", "answer": "Yes: Come unto me all ye that labour, and are heavy laden, Matt. 11:28."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Does the Spirit, when he has convinced us of sin and misery, leave us so?", "answer": "No: For he has torn, and he will heal us, Hos. 6:1."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "When he has showed us our wound, does he show us our remedy?", "answer": "Yes: O Israel, thou hast destroyed thyself, but in me is thy help, Hos. 13:9."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Does he enlighten our minds?", "answer": "Yes: The Spirit of wisdom and revelation is given, that the eyes of our understanding may be enlightened, Eph. 1:17, 18."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Does he enlighten them with the knowledge of Christ?", "answer": "Yes: He gives the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ, 2 Cor. 4:6."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Does he discover to the soul Christ's ability to save?", "answer": "Yes: I have laid help upon one that is mighty, Ps. 89:19."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "And his willingness to save?", "answer": "Yes: I will, be thou clean, Matt. 8:3."}, {"item_id": "4g", "question": "Should we be most ambitious of the knowledge of Christ?", "answer": "Yes: Counting all things but loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus our Lord, Phil. 3:8."}, {"item_id": "4h", "question": "Does the Spirit direct convinced sinners to Christ?", "answer": "Yes: Turn ye to the B hold, ye prisoners of hope, Zech. 9:12."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Is it enough to have the mind enlightened?", "answer": "No: For we are called into a professed subjection to the gospel of Christ, 2 Cor. 9:13."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Must the will therefore be renewed?", "answer": "Yes: For it is God that worketh in us both to will and to do of his own good pleasure, Phil. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Is it the work of the Spirit to incline the will to do that which is good?", "answer": "Yes: Incline my heart unto thy testimonies, Ps. 119:36."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "And is that the renewing of the will?", "answer": "Yes: A new heart will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you, Ezek. 36:26."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Does that make the will pliable?", "answer": "Yes: I will take the stony heart out of their flesh, and will give them an heart of flesh, Ezek. 11:19."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "Does it bring it into subjection to the will of God?", "answer": "Yes: Lord, what wilt thou have me to do? Acts 9:6."}, {"item_id": "5g", "question": "And is that a cheerful subjection?", "answer": "Yes: Because the love of God is shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Ghost, Rom. 5:5."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Is Christ offered to us in the gospel?", "answer": "Yes: Behold, I stand at the door and knock, Rev. 3:20."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Is he freely offered?", "answer": "Yes: Come buy, without money, and without price, Isa. 55:1."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Are we concerned to embrace that offer?", "answer": "Yes: Come eat of my bread, and drink of the wine that I have mingled, Prov. 9:5."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Are we by nature averse to it?", "answer": "Yes: Ye will not come to me, that ye might have life, John 5:40."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "Do sinners perish then through their own wilfulness?", "answer": "Yes: I have called, and ye have refused, Prov. 1:24."}, {"item_id": "6f", "question": "Does the Spirit in effectual calling overcome this aversion?", "answer": "Yes: With loving kindness have I drawn thee, Jer. 31:3."}, {"item_id": "6g", "question": "Does he persuade us to embrace this offer?", "answer": "Yes: For every man that hath heard, and learned of the Father, cometh unto me, John 6:45."}, {"item_id": "6h", "question": "Does he enable us?", "answer": "Yes: For you hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins, Eph. 2:1."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Can we turn to God by any power of our own?", "answer": "No: For we are not sufficient of ourselves, 2 Cor. 3:5."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "Is it the grace of God that turns us to him?", "answer": "Yes: Turn thou me, and I shall be turned, Jer. 31:18."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "Is it free grace?", "answer": "Yes: He went on frowardly in the way of his heart, I have seen his ways and will heal him, Isa. 57:17, 18."}, {"item_id": "7d", "question": "Does it turn us by a work upon the will?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord opened the heart of Lydia, Acts 16:14."}, {"item_id": "7e", "question": "Is it special grace?", "answer": "Yes: It is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that showeth mercy, Rom. 9:16."}, {"item_id": "7f", "question": "Shall this grace be given to all the elect?", "answer": "Yes: All that the Father hath given me shall come unto me, John 6:37."}, {"item_id": "7g", "question": "Shall it be effectual?", "answer": "Yes: His grace which was bestowed upon me was not in vain, 1 Cor. 15:10."}, {"item_id": "7h", "question": "May we. in faith pray for this grace?", "answer": "Yes: I will for this be inquired of by the house of Israel, Ezek. 36:37."}, {"item_id": "7i", "question": "Can any turn to God without this special grace?", "answer": "No: For no man can come to me, except the Father, which hath sent me, draw him, John 6:44."}, {"item_id": "7j", "question": "Must that grace therefore have all the glory?", "answer": "Yes: We must show forth the praises of him that hath called us, 1 Pet. 2:9."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "32", "sort_key": 32, "question": "What benefits do they that are effectually called partake of in this life?", "answer": "They that are effectually called do in this life partake of justification, adoption, and sanctification, and the several benefits which in this life do either accompany or flow from them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Are all those happy which are effectually called?", "answer": "Yes: For God hath called us to his kingdom and glory, 1 Thess. 2:12."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Are they partakers of the blessings of the new covenant?", "answer": "Yes: For the promise is sure to all the seed, Rom. 4:16."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Are they happy even in this life?", "answer": "Yes: For after that ye believed, ye were sealed with that Holy Spirit of promise, Eph. 1:13."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Are they dignified and preferred?", "answer": "Yes: Ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, 1 Pet. 2:9."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Are they brought near?", "answer": "Yes: Ye who sometimes were afar off, are made nigh, Eph. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Are they enriched?", "answer": "Yes: God hath called the poor in this world rich in faith, Jam. 2:5."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Are they taken into the communion of saints?", "answer": "Yes: For we are come to the church of the first-born which are written in heaven, Heb. 12:23."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "And into communion with the holy angels?", "answer": "Yes: For we are come to an innumerable company of angels, Heb. 12:29."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "Are they entitled to tile best possessions?", "answer": "Yes: All things are yours, whether Paul, or Apollos, or Cephas, or the world, or life, or death, or things present, or things to come, all are yours, 1 Cor. 3:22."}, {"item_id": "2g", "question": "Are they happy in the best blessings?", "answer": "Yes: The God and Father of our Lord Jesus hath blessed us with spiritual blessings in heavenly things, Eph. 1:3."}, {"item_id": "2h", "question": "Are they happy both for soul and body?", "answer": "Yes: He hath given us all things that pertain to life and godliness, 2 Pet. 1:3."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Are they justified?", "answer": "Yes: Whom he called, them he justified, Rom. 8:30."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Is that an unspeakable benefit?", "answer": "Yes: Blessed is the man whose iniquity is forgiven, Ps. 32:1."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Are they adopted?", "answer": "Yes: For he hath predestinated us to the adoption of children, Eph. 1:5."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "And is that an unspeakable benefit?", "answer": "Yes: For if children, then heirs, Rom. 8:17."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Are they sanctified?", "answer": "Yes: They are sanctified in Christ Jesus, 1 Cor. 1:2."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "And is that an unspeakable benefit?", "answer": "Yes: For we are partakers of his holiness, Heb. 12:10."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Do they partake of other benefits?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord will give grace and glory and no good thing will he withhold from them that walk uprightly, Ps. 84:11"}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Are all these benefits given to them that are effectually called?", "answer": "Yes: For the promise of the remission of sins, and the gift of the Holy Ghost, is to as many as the Lord our God shall call, Acts 2:39."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And shall every thing turn to their advantage?", "answer": "Yes: All things work together for good to them that are the called, Rom. 8:28."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Will you therefore make it sure that you are effectually called, by coming at the call?", "answer": "Yes: Behold, we come unto thee, for thou art the Lord our God, Jer. 3:22."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "33", "sort_key": 33, "question": "What is justification?", "answer": "Justification is an act of God's free grace, wherein he pardons all our sins and accepts us as righteous in his sight, only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us, and received by faith alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Have we all need to be justified?", "answer": "Yes: For we are all guilty before God, Rom. 3:19."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is it enough if we justify ourselves?", "answer": "No: If I justify myself my own mouth shall condemn me, Job 9:20."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is it enough if our neighbours justify us?", "answer": "No: For that which is highly esteemed among men is abomination in the sight of God, Luke 16:15."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Must it be God's act then?", "answer": "Yes: It is God that justifieth, Rom. 8:33."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "And his only?", "answer": "Yes: For none can forgive sins but God only, Mark 2:7."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "And is it an act of free grace?", "answer": "Yes: We are justified freely by his grace, Rom. 3:24."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Are all that are justified discharged from the sentence of the law?", "answer": "Yes: For there is no condemnation to them that are in Christ Jesus, Rom. 8:1."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Have they their sins pardoned?", "answer": "Yes: We have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, Eph. 1:7."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Does God forgive them?", "answer": "Yes: I, even I, am he that blotteth out thy transgressions, Isa. 43:25."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "When God forgives sin does he forgive all?", "answer": "Yes: Having forgiven all your trespasses, Col. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Does he forgive even great sins?", "answer": "Yes: Though your sins have been as scarlet, they shall be white as snow, Isa. 1:18."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Does he forgive many sins?", "answer": "Yes: He will abundantly pardon, Isa. 55:7."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Does he forgive freely?", "answer": "Yes: I will be merciful to their unrighteousness."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Does he forgive fully?", "answer": "Yes: Their sins and their iniquities I will remember no more, Heb. 8:12."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Is he forward to forgive?", "answer": "Yes: I said I will confess and thou forgavest, Ps. 32:5."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "Does he forgive and forget?", "answer": "Yes: Thou wilt cast all their sins into the depths of the sea, Mic. 7:19."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is forgiveness of sins offered to all upon gospel terms?", "answer": "Yes: For repentance and remission of sins is preached to all nations, Luke 24:47."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Is it secured to all the chosen remnant?", "answer": "Yes: For Christ is exalted to be a Prince, and a Saviour, to give repentance and remission of sins, Acts 5:31."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Have all believers their sins pardoned?", "answer": "Yes: Through him all that believe are justified, Acts 13:39."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Are they accepted in God's sight?", "answer": "Yes: He hath made us accepted in the Beloved, Eph. 1:6."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Are they accepted as righteous?", "answer": "Yes: For we are made the righteousness of God in him, 2 Cor. 5:21."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Can we be justified by the covenant of innocency?", "answer": "No: For who can say, I have made my heart clean? Prov. 20:9."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Can we be justified by any thing in ourselves?", "answer": "No: How call men be justified with God? Job 25:4."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "If we know no ill by ourselves will that justify us?", "answer": "No: Though I know nothing by myself, yet am I not thereby justified, 1 Cor. 4:4."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Will the law of Moses justify us?", "answer": "No: We are justified from all those things from which we could not be justified by the law of Moses, Acts 13:39."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Will our own works justify us?", "answer": "No: By the deeds of the law shall no flesh be justified, Rom. 3:20."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "Would the ceremonial sacrifices justify men?", "answer": "No: They could not make the comers thereunto perfect, Heb. 10:1."}, {"item_id": "5g", "question": "Are we justified for the righteousness of Christ?", "answer": "Yes: By the obedience of one shall many be made righteous, Rom. 5:19."}, {"item_id": "5h", "question": "And for that only?", "answer": "Yes: Not having my own righteousness, which is of the law, but that which is through the faith of Christ, Phil. 3:9."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Is the righteousness of Christ imputed to us for our justification?", "answer": "Yes: For he is made of God unto us righteousness, 1 Cor. 1:30."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Did Christ die that it might be imputed?", "answer": "Yes: He shall justify many, for he shall bear their iniquities, Isa. 53:11."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Do we owe our justification then to the death of Christ?", "answer": "Yes: The blood of Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin, 1 John 1:7."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "And does that lay the foundation of our salvation?", "answer": "Yes: Being justified by his blood, we shall be saved from wrath, Rom. 5:9."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "Were we justified from eternity?", "answer": "No: For in due time Christ died for the ungodly, Rom. 5:9."}, {"item_id": "6f", "question": "If Christ had died, and not risen again, could he have justified us?", "answer": "No: For he was delivered for our offences, and raised again for our justification, Rom. 4:25."}, {"item_id": "6g", "question": "Is that then our plea for peace and pardon?", "answer": "Yes: For who then is he that shall condemn? Rom. 8:34."}, {"item_id": "6h", "question": "May we then depend upon Christ for righteousness?", "answer": "Yes: In the Lord I have righteousness and strength, Isa. 45:24."}, {"item_id": "6i", "question": "Is it become an act of justice in God to pardon sin upon the account of Christ's righteousness?", "answer": "Yes: For he is just, and the justifier of him that believeth in Jesus, Rom. 3:26. 1 John 1:9."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Are we to receive the righteousness of Christ?", "answer": "Yes: We have now received the atonement, Rom. 5:11."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "Do we receive it by faith?", "answer": "Yes: Through his name; whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins, Acts 10:43."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "And by faith only?", "answer": "Yes: For being justified by faith we have peace with God, Rom. 5:1."}, {"item_id": "7d", "question": "Did Christ's death satisfy the law?", "answer": "Yes: For Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, Gal. 3:13."}, {"item_id": "7e", "question": "Is that then our only righteousness in the law court?", "answer": "Yes: For we are reconciled to God by the death of his Son, Rom. 5:10."}, {"item_id": "7f", "question": "Do we by true faith come up to the terms of the gospel?", "answer": "Yes: Believe in the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shall be saved, Acts 16:31."}, {"item_id": "7g", "question": "Is that then our righteousness in the gospel court?", "answer": "Yes: For to him that believeth, his faith is counted for righteousness, Rom. 4:5."}, {"item_id": "7h", "question": "Is it therefore our life?", "answer": "Yes: For the just shall live by his faith, Hab. 2:4."}, {"item_id": "7i", "question": "Is it so as it applies Christ's righteousness?", "answer": "Yes: This is the name whereby he shall be called, the Lord our righteousness, Jer. 23:6."}, {"item_id": "8a", "question": "Is justifying faith a working faith?", "answer": "Yes: For by works is faith made perfect, Jam. 2:22."}, {"item_id": "8b", "question": "And will that faith justify us which does not produce good works?", "answer": "No: For by works a man is justified, and not by faith only, Jam. 2:24."}, {"item_id": "8c", "question": "Is faith then dead without good works?", "answer": "Yes: For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also, Jam. 2:26."}, {"item_id": "8d", "question": "And are good works dead without faith?", "answer": "Yes: For without faith it is impossible to please God, Heb. 11:6."}, {"item_id": "8e", "question": "Must they both act together then?", "answer": "Yes: For that which avails is faith, which works by love, Gal. 5:6."}, {"item_id": "8f", "question": "Do we then make void the law through faith?", "answer": "No: God forbid, yea, we establish the law, Rom. 3:31."}, {"item_id": "8g", "question": "Is our faith our own?", "answer": "No: It is not of ourselves, it is the gift of God, Eph. 2:8."}, {"item_id": "8h", "question": "Are our good works our own?", "answer": "No: For thou also hast wrought all our works in us, Isa. 26:12."}, {"item_id": "8i", "question": "Is any room left for boasting then?", "answer": "No: It is excluded by the law of faith, Rom. 3:27."}, {"item_id": "8j", "question": "Must God therefore have all the glory?", "answer": "Yes: For by the grace of God I am what I am, 1 Cor. 15:10."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "34", "sort_key": 34, "question": "What is adoption?", "answer": "Adoption is an act of God's free grace, whereby we are received into the number, and have a right to all the privileges, of the sons of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Are all believers God's children?", "answer": "Yes: Ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus, Gal. 3:26."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Are they so by nature?", "answer": "No: We are by nature children of wrath, Eph. 2:3."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Are they so by adoption?", "answer": "Yes: We receive the adoption of sons, Gal. 4:5."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Do they deserve to be made God's children?", "answer": "No: How shall I put thee among the children, and give thee a pleasant land? Jer. 3:19."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Are they altogether unworthy of such a favour?", "answer": "Yes: I am no more worthy to be called thy son, Luke 15:19."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "Is it bestowed upon them notwithstanding their unworthiness?", "answer": "Yes: I will be a Father to you, and ye shall be my sons and daughters, saith the Lord Almighty, 2 Cor. 6:18."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is adoption an act of God's free grace?", "answer": "Yes: Behold what manner of love the Father hath bestowed upon us, that we should be called the sons of God, 1 John 3:1."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Are we by it received into the number of God's children?", "answer": "Yes: There shall they he called the children of the living God, Rom. 9:26."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Are we received into that number upon our believing?", "answer": "Yes: As many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name, John. 1:12."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Have we leave to call God, Father?", "answer": "Yes: Ye have received the spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba, Father, Rom. 8:15."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Does he encourage us to do so?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shalt call me, My Father, and shalt not turn away from me, Jer. 3:19."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "May we call him so, though we have been prodigals?", "answer": "Yes: I will go to my Father, and will say unto him, Father, Luke 15:18."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "May we look upon all good Christians as our brethren?", "answer": "Yes: For all ye are brethren, Matt. 23:8."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "And do they all make one family?", "answer": "Yes: Of whom the whole family both in heaven and earth is named, Eph. 3:15."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Does God give the nature of his children to all whom he receives into the number?", "answer": "Yes: Because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, Gal. 4:6."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "Do they partake of a divine nature?", "answer": "Yes: They are made partakers of a divine nature, 2 Pet. 1:4."}, {"item_id": "3h", "question": "Are all God's children born again then?", "answer": "Yes: They are born not of the will of man, but of God, John 1:13."}, {"item_id": "3i", "question": "Is our adoption then to be known by our disposition?", "answer": "Yes: For in this the children of God are manifest, and the children of the devil, whosoever doth not righteousness is not of God, 1 John 3:10."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Have all God's adopted children a right to the privileges of children?", "answer": "Yes: They are brought into the glorious liberty of the children of God, Rom. 8:21."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Does their Father pity them?", "answer": "Yes: Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear him, Ps. 103:13."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Does he spare them?", "answer": "Yes: As a man spares his own son that serves him, Mal. 3:17."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Does he take care of them?", "answer": "Yes: Children, have ye any meat, John 21:15."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Does he provide for them?", "answer": "Yes: For they that seek the Lord shall want no good thing, Ps. 34:10."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Does he correct them in love?", "answer": "Yes: For what son is he whom the Father chasteneth not? Heb. 12:7."}, {"item_id": "4g", "question": "Does he hear their prayers?", "answer": "Yes: Your Father in heaven will give good things to them that ask him, Matt. 7:11."}, {"item_id": "4h", "question": "Will he give them the inheritance of sons?", "answer": "Yes: It is your Father's good pleasure to give you the kingdom, Luke 12:32."}, {"item_id": "4i", "question": "Will he bring them all safe to it?", "answer": "Yes: He will gather together the children of God that were scattered abroad, John 11:52."}, {"item_id": "4j", "question": "Will Christ present them all to the Father?", "answer": "Yes: Behold, I and the children which thou hast given me, Heb. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Must all God's children reverence him?", "answer": "Yes: If I be a Father, where is my honour? Mal. 1:6."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Must they obey him?", "answer": "Yes: As obedient children, 1 Pet. 1:14."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Must they imitate him?", "answer": "Yes: Be ye followers of God, as dear children, Eph. 5:1."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Must they submit to him?", "answer": "Yes: Father, thy will be done, Matt. 26:42."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "35", "sort_key": 35, "question": "What is sanctification?", "answer": "Sanctification is the work of God's free grace, whereby we are renewed in the whole man after the image of God, and are enabled more and more to die unto sin, and live unto righteousness.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Are all that are justified sanctified?", "answer": "Yes: For Jesus Christ is made both righteousness and sanctification, 1 Cor. 1:30."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is it necessary they should be so?", "answer": "Yes: For without holiness no man shall see the Lord, Heb. 12:14."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Did Christ die that they might be sanctified?", "answer": "Yes: For their sakes I sanctify myself, that they also might be sanctified, John 17:19."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "And was this the intention of their election?", "answer": "Yes: He hath chosen you to salvation through sanctification, 2 Thes. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is sanctification the work of God?", "answer": "Yes: We are sanctified by God the Father, Jude 1."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is it the work of the Spirit of God?", "answer": "Yes: It is sanctification of the Spirit, 1 Pet. 1:2."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is it a work of free grace?", "answer": "Yes: According to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, Tit. 3:5."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Is it a work wrought in us?", "answer": "Yes: For we are his workmanship, created unto good works, Eph. 2:10."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is sanctification something more than being civilized?", "answer": "Yes: For he is not a Jew that is one outwardly, Rom. 2:28."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Is it more than being baptized?", "answer": "Yes: It is not the putting away the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience, 1 Pet. 3:21."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Is it an inward change of the heart?", "answer": "Yes: We must be renewed in the spirit of our mind, Eph. 4:23."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Is it the renovation of the whole man?", "answer": "Yes: If any man be in Christ, he is a new creature, 2 Cor. 5:17."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Will it suffice to have a new name?", "answer": "No: For thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead, Rev. 3:1."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Will it suffice to have a new face?", "answer": "No: For there are those that have the form of godliness, but deny the power of it, 2 Tim. 3:5."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "Must there be a new heart?", "answer": "Yes: A new heart will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you, Ezek. 36:26."}, {"item_id": "3h", "question": "And a new nature?", "answer": "Yes: Put on the new man, Eph. 4:24."}, {"item_id": "3i", "question": "And a new birth?", "answer": "Yes: Except a man be born again he cannot see the kingdom of God, John 3:3."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Must we be cleansed from sin?", "answer": "Yes: From all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you, Ezek. 36:25."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Must we be consecrated to God?", "answer": "Yes: For we are the temple of God, 1 Cor. 3:16."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Must the law be written in the heart?", "answer": "Yes: I will put my law in their heart, Heb. 8:10."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Must the understanding be enlightened?", "answer": "Yes: Anoint thine eyes with eye-salve, that thou mayest see, Rev. 3:18."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Must the heart be softened?", "answer": "Yes: I will take away the stony heart, and give a heart of flesh, Ezek. 11:19."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Must the will be bowed?", "answer": "Yes: Lord, what wilt thou have me to do? Acts 9:6."}, {"item_id": "4g", "question": "Must the affections be made spiritual?", "answer": "Yes: Set your affections on things above, Col. 3:2."}, {"item_id": "4h", "question": "Must the body also be an instrument of holiness?", "answer": "Yes: Present your bodies a living sacrifice, Rom. 12:1."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Must we be renewed after the image of God?", "answer": "Yes: Put on the new man, which is renewed after the image of him that created him, Col. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "And after the pattern of Christ?", "answer": "Yes: For Christ must be formed in us, Gal. 4:19."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Is sin mortified in all that are sanctified?", "answer": "Yes: They that are Christ's have crucified the flesh, Gal. 5:24."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Is grace planted in them?", "answer": "Yes: There is a well of water springing up to eternal life, John 4:14."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Is this work perfect at first?", "answer": "No: It is first the blade, then the ear, after that the full corn in the ear, Mark 4:28."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Do all that are sanctified die unto sin?", "answer": "Yes: Reckon ye yourselves dead unto sin, Rom. 6:11."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Do they live unto righteousness?", "answer": "Yes: Being dead to sin, we live unto righteousness, 1 Pet. 2:24."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Are they enabled to do so?", "answer": "Yes: For it is through the Spirit that we mortify the deeds of the body, Rom. 8:13."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "And is the course of their conversation accordingly?", "answer": "Yes: They walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit, Rom. 8:1."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "Is it our duty to submit to the Spirit as a sanctifier?", "answer": "Yes: Walk in the Spirit, and ye shall not fulfil the works of the flesh, Gal 5:16."}, {"item_id": "6f", "question": "And is the grace of God promised us for this purpose?", "answer": "Yes: Sin shall not have dominion over you, Rom. 6:14."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "36", "sort_key": 36, "question": "What are the benefits which in this life do either accompany or flow from justification, adoption, and sanctification?", "answer": "The benefits which in this life do either accompany or flow from justification, adoption, and sanctification, are, assurance of God's love, peace of conscience, joy in the Holy Ghost, increase of grace, and perseverance therein to the end.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Are they that are justified happy in this life?", "answer": "Yes: For being justified by faith, we have peace with God, Rom. 5:1."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "And are they so that are adopted?", "answer": "Yes: Beloved, now are we the sons of God, 1 John 3:2."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "And are they so that are sanctified?", "answer": "Yes: For to the pure all things are pure, Tit. 1:15."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "May they have an assurance of God's love?", "answer": "Yes: Ye know that ye have eternal life, 1 John 5:13."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is the Spirit the author of that assurance?", "answer": "Yes: The Spirit itself bears witness with our spirits, that we are the children of God, Rom. 8:16."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is it wrought by evidences?", "answer": "Yes: Hereby we know that we know him, if we keep his commandments, 1 John 2:3."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Do all believers attain this assurance?", "answer": "No: Some walk in darkness, and have no light, Isa. 50:10."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "But should they labour after it?", "answer": "Yes: Show the same diligence unto the full assurance of hope unto the end, Heb. 6:11."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "And is it an unspeakable comfort?", "answer": "Yes: For the love of God is shed abroad in our hearts through the Holy Ghost, Rom. 5:5."}, {"item_id": "2g", "question": "And is it just cause for triumph?", "answer": "Yes: I know whom I have believed, 2 Tim. 1:12."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is peace of conscience a precious privilege?", "answer": "Yes: For if our hearts condemn us not, then have we confidence towards God, 1 John 3:21."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Is it the fruit of grace?", "answer": "Yes: For the work of righteousness shall be peace, and the effect of righteousness quietness and assurance for ever, Isa. 32:17."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Has Christ left it as a legacy to his disciples?", "answer": "Yes: Peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you, John 14:27."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Can those who are unjustified have this peace?", "answer": "No: There is no peace, saith my God, to the wicked, Isa. 57:21."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Should those that are justified labour after it?", "answer": "Yes: Return to thy rest, O my soul, Ps. 116:7."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Should this peace govern us?", "answer": "Yes: Let the peace of God rule in your hearts, Col. 3:15."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "And will it preserve us?", "answer": "Yes: The peace of God shall keep your hearts and minds, Phil. 4:7."}, {"item_id": "3h", "question": "And will it be our comfort in the day of evil?", "answer": "Yes: Our rejoicing is this, the testimony of our conscience, 2 Cor. 1:12."}, {"item_id": "3i", "question": "Is it therefore our interest to secure it?", "answer": "Yes; Herein do I exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of offence, Acts 24:16."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "May those who are justified have joy in the Holy ghost?", "answer": "Yes: For believing we rejoice with joy unspeakable, and full of glory, 1 Pet. 1:8."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Have they cause for joy?", "answer": "Yes; for gladness is sown for the upright in heart, Ps. 97:11."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Is it their duty to rejoice?", "answer": "Yes; Rejoice in the Lord always, and again I say, rejoice, Phil. 4:4."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Is it their interest to rejoice?", "answer": "Yes: For the joy of the Lord is their strength, Neh. 8:10."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "May they rejoice in all conditions?", "answer": "Yes; for we glory in tribulations also, Rom. 5:3."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "And is this a superlative joy?", "answer": "Yes: It is gladness in the heart more than in the time that their corn and wine increased, Ps. 4:7."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Is grace growing?", "answer": "Yes: He that hath clean hands shall be Ber and Ber, Job 17:9."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Is it so in its nature?", "answer": "Yes: For it is as the shining light, which shines more and more unto the perfect day, Prov. 4:18."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Is it our duty to grow in grace?", "answer": "Yes: Grow in grace, and in the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, 2 Pet. 3:18."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "And may we rest in what we have attained?", "answer": "No: But press forward towards the mark, Phil. 3:14."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Is it promised to all believers that they shall grow?", "answer": "Yes: For to him that hath shall be given, Matt. 25:29."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "Will the grace of God make them grow?", "answer": "Yes: I will be as the dew unto Israel, he shall grow as the lily, Hos. 14:5."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Shall true believers persevere to the end?", "answer": "Yes: For he that hath begun a good work will perform it, Phil. 1:6."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Will hypocrites persevere?", "answer": "No: These have no root, which for a while believe, and in time of temptation fall away, Luke 8:13."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Does it appear by their apostasy that they never were sincere?", "answer": "Yes: They went out from us because they were not of us; for if they had been of us, they would no doubt have continued with us, 1 John 2:19."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "But shall any that are justified finally fall away?", "answer": "No: For whom he justified, them he glorified, Rom. 8:30."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "Is every fall a falling away?", "answer": "No: For though he falls he shall not be utterly cast down, Ps. 37:24."}, {"item_id": "6f", "question": "May the appearances of grace be lost?", "answer": "Yes: From him shall be taken away even that which he seemed to have, Luke 8:18."}, {"item_id": "6g", "question": "But can true grace be finally lost?", "answer": "No: It is that good part which shall never be taken away, Luke 10:24."}, {"item_id": "6h", "question": "Will God recall his gifts?", "answer": "No: The gifts and callings of God are without repentance, Rom 11:26."}, {"item_id": "6i", "question": "Will he secure them?", "answer": "Yes: We are kept by the power of God through faith unto salvation, 1 Pet. 1:5. and 1:7."}, {"item_id": "6j", "question": "Is the perseverance of the saints secured by the divine power?", "answer": "Yes: No man is able to pluck them out of my Father's hands, John 10:29."}, {"item_id": "6k", "question": "And by the divine providence?", "answer": "Yes: For he will not suffer you to be tempted above that ye are able, 1 Cor. 10:13."}, {"item_id": "6l", "question": "And by the divine grace?", "answer": "Yes: I will put my fear in their hearts, that they shall not depart from me, Jer. 32:40."}, {"item_id": "6m", "question": "And by the intercession of Christ?", "answer": "Yes: I have prayed for thee, that thy faith fail not, Luke 22:32."}, {"item_id": "6n", "question": "And by the indwelling of the Spirit?", "answer": "Yes: The anointing which you have received, abideth in you, 1 John 2:27."}, {"item_id": "6o", "question": "And by the stability of the promise?", "answer": "Yes: My covenant will I not break, Ps. 89:34."}, {"item_id": "6p", "question": "May they be secure then?", "answer": "No: Be not high-minded, but fear, Rom. 11:20."}, {"item_id": "6q", "question": "But may they be encouraged?", "answer": "Yes: He will preserve me to his heavenly kingdom, 2 Tim. 4:18."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "37", "sort_key": 37, "question": "What benefits do believers receive from Christ at death?", "answer": "The souls of believers are at their death made perfect in holiness, and do immediately pass into glory; and their bodies being still united to Christ, do rest in their graves till the resurrection.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is the happiness of believers confined to this present life?", "answer": "No: If in this life only we have hope in Christ, we are of all men most miserable, 1 Cor. 15:19."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is the best of their happiness in this life?", "answer": "No: For in the world ye shall have tribulation, John 16:33."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Must they die as well as others?", "answer": "Yes: It is appointed unto men once to die, Heb. 9:27."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Must the best and most useful die?", "answer": "Yes: The righteous perisheth, and merciful men are taken away, Isa. 57:1."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Ought they then to wait for it?", "answer": "Yes: All the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come, Job 14:14."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "And to prepare for it?", "answer": "Yes: Therefore be ye also ready, Matt. 24:44."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is death loss to a good Christian?", "answer": "No: For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain, Phil. 1:21."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Should it therefore be a terror?", "answer": "No: For the righteous hath hope in his death, Prov 14:32."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Does God take special care of the death of his people?", "answer": "Yes: For precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his saints, Ps. 116:15."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Is death in the covenant?", "answer": "Yes: All is yours, whether life or death, 1 Cor. 3:22."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Can it separate them from the love of God?", "answer": "No: Neither death nor life can do that, Rom. 8:38."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Are believers perfect in holiness in this life?", "answer": "No: I have not yet attained, neither am already perfect, Phil. 3:12."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Are their souls made perfect at death?", "answer": "Yes: The spirits of just men are made perfect, Heb. 12:23."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Are they delivered from sin?", "answer": "Yes: He that is dead is freed from sin, Rom. 6:7."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Are they made perfect in knowledge?", "answer": "Yes: Then shall I know, even as also I am known, 1 Cor. 13:12."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "And perfect in holiness?", "answer": "Yes: For they are come to the perfect man, to the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ, Eph. 4:13."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Might they pass into glory without being made perfect in holiness?", "answer": "No: For corruption cannot inherit incorruption, 1 Cor. 15:50."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "Being made perfect in holiness, are they confirmed in it?", "answer": "Yes: He that is holy, let him be holy still, Rev. 22:11."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Do the souls of believers at death sleep with their bodies?", "answer": "No: For when we are absent from the body, we are present with the Lord, 2 Cor. 5:8."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Do they go to Christ?", "answer": "Yes: Having a desire to depart and to be with Christ, Phil. 1:23."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And will he receive them?", "answer": "Yes: Lord Jesus, receive my spirit, Acts 7:59."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Shall they be where he is?", "answer": "Yes: That where I am there ye may be also, John 14:3."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Will they be with him in heaven?", "answer": "Yes: We have a house not. made with hands, eternal in the heavens, 2 Cor. 5:1."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Do they pass into this glory at death?", "answer": "Yes: That when ye fail ye may be received into everlasting habitations, Luke 16:9."}, {"item_id": "4g", "question": "Do they immediately pass into it?", "answer": "Yes: This day shall thou be with me in paradise, Luke 23:43."}, {"item_id": "4h", "question": "Are they guarded by angels thither?", "answer": "Yes: He was carried by angels into Abraham's bosom, Luke 16:22."}, {"item_id": "4i", "question": "Are they happy then in their death?", "answer": "Yes: Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord, Rev. 14:13."}, {"item_id": "4j", "question": "Happier than in life?", "answer": "Yes: The day of their death is better than the day of their birth, Eccl. 7:1."}, {"item_id": "4k", "question": "And is their end peace?", "answer": "Yes: Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace, Ps. 37:37."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Is death gain to the wicked man?", "answer": "No: For when a wicked man dies, his expectation shall perish, Prov. 11:7."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Is it therefore a terror to the wicked?", "answer": "Yes: This night thy soul shall be required of thee, Luke 12:20."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Do the souls of the wicked, at death go into torment?", "answer": "Yes: The rich man died, and was buried, and in hell he lifted up his eyes, being in torment, Luke 16: 22, 23."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Do they go away under the guilt of their sins?", "answer": "Yes: If ye believe not that I am he, ye shall die in your sins, John 8:24."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Is it a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God?", "answer": "Yes: For our God is a consuming fire, Heb. 12:29."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "Are the souls of believers distinguished from them?", "answer": "Yes: But God will redeem my soul from the power of the grave, Ps. 49:15."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Are the bodies of believers well provided for at death?", "answer": "Yes: For the Lord is for the body, 1 Cor. 6:13."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "May they be cheerfully committed to the grave?", "answer": "Yes; My flesh also shall rest in hope, Ps. 16:9."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Do they still remain united to Christ?", "answer": "Yes: For they sleep in Jesus, 1 Thess. 4:14."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Do they rest in their graves?", "answer": "Yes: For there the weary be at rest, Job 3:17."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "Is the grave a good Christian's bed?", "answer": "Yes: He shall enter into peace, they shall rest in their beds, Isa. 57:2."}, {"item_id": "6f", "question": "May the saints triumph over the grave then?", "answer": "Yes: O grave where is thy victory? 1 Cor. 15:55."}, {"item_id": "6g", "question": "And need they to fear no evil in it?", "answer": "No: For the sucking child shall play upon the hole of the asp, Isa. 11:8."}, {"item_id": "6h", "question": "Are all who are regenerate delivered from the second death?", "answer": "Yes: Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection, on such the second death shall have no power, Rev. 20:6."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Shall the dead be raised again?", "answer": "Yes: There shall be a resurrection of the dead, both of the just and of the unjust, Acts 24:15."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "Shall the same body be raised again?", "answer": "Yes: Though after my skin worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see God, Job 19:26."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "Shall it be done by the power of Christ?", "answer": "Yes: For as in Adam all die, so in Christ shall all be made alive, 1 Cor. 15:22"}, {"item_id": "7d", "question": "Shall there be a vast difference between the godly and the wicked at the resurrection?", "answer": "Yes: For some shall awake to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt, Dan 12:2."}, {"item_id": "7e", "question": "Has Christ himself assured us of this?", "answer": "Yes: The hour is coming when all that are in the graves shall hear his voice, and shall come forth; they that have done good unto the resurrection of life, and they that have done evil to the resurrection of condemnation, John 5:28,29."}, {"item_id": "7f", "question": "Is it certain when this shall be?", "answer": "Yes: For he hath appointed a day, Acts 17:31."}, {"item_id": "7g", "question": "But is it known to us?", "answer": "No: For of that day and hour knoweth no man, Mark 13:32."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "38", "sort_key": 38, "question": "What benefits do believers receive from Christ at the resurrection?", "answer": "At the resurrection, believers being raised up in glory, shall be openly acknowledged and acquitted in the day of judgment, and made perfectly blessed in the full enjoyment of God to all eternity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Shall the dead bodies of believers be raised?", "answer": "Yes: For the dead shall be raised, 1 Cor. 15:52."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is it possible that the same body should return to life again?", "answer": "Yes: Why should it seem a thing incredible with you that God should raise the dead? Acts 26:8."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is it certain that they shall be raised?", "answer": "Yes: For if there be no resurrection of the dead, then is Christ not risen, 1 Cor. 15:13."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Has Christ undertaken for the resurrection of believers?", "answer": "Yes: I am the resurrection and the life, John 11:15."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Are they in error who deny it?", "answer": "Yes: Ye do err, not knowing the Scriptures, nor the power of God, Matt. 22:29."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Shall the believer's body be raised up in glory?", "answer": "Yes: It is sown in dishonour, it is raised in glory, 1 Cor. 15:43."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Shall it be the glory of Christ's glorified body?", "answer": "Yes: He shall change our vile bodies, that they may be fashioned like unto his glorious body, Phil. 3:21."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Shall they be raised by virtue of their union with Christ?", "answer": "Yes: Together with my dead body shall they arise, Isa. 26:19."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Shall they be raised to such a life as we now live?", "answer": "No: For in the resurrection they neither marry, nor are given in marriage, Matt. 22:30."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Shall they be raised to an immortal life?", "answer": "Yes: For this mortal must put off immortality, 1 Cor. 15:53."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "Shall they that are found alive be changed?", "answer": "Yes: Behold, I show you a mystery, we shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, 1 Cor. 15:51."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Shall all the saints at that day be brought to Jesus Christ?", "answer": "Yes: At the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ there shall be a gathering together unto him, 2 Thess. 2:1."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Shall they be separated from the wicked?", "answer": "Yes: As the Shepherd divideth the sheep from the goats, Matt. 25:32."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Shall all the saints be then together?", "answer": "Yes: For he shall gather his elect from the four winds, Matt. 24:31."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "And none but saints?", "answer": "Yes: For he shall gather out of his kingdom all things that offend, Matt. 13:41."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "And saints made perfect?", "answer": "Yes: For then that which is perfect is come, 1 Cor. 13:10."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Shall they attend upon Christ at his coming?", "answer": "Yes: Behold the Lord cometh with ten thousand of his saints, Jude 14."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "Shall they be assessors with him in his judgment?", "answer": "Yes: For the saints shall judge the world, 1 Cor. 6:2."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Shall they be openly acknowledged in the day of judgment?", "answer": "Yes: Him will I confess before my Father which is in heaven, Matt. 10:32."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Will God own them as his own?", "answer": "Yes: They shall be mine, saith the Lord, in that day when I make up my jewels, Mal. 3:17."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And will that be their honour?", "answer": "Yes: If any man serve me, him will my Father honour, John 12:26."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Shall they be openly acquitted?", "answer": "Yes: For their sins shall be blotted out when the times of refreshing come, Acts 3:19."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Shall the wicked be condemned then?", "answer": "Yes: He shall say to them on his left hand, Depart from me."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Shall they be sent away with a blessing?", "answer": "No: Depart ye cursed."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Shall they go into a place of ease?", "answer": "No: Into fire."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Into ordinary fire?", "answer": "No: Into fire prepared."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Shall it be for a short time?", "answer": "No: But into everlasting fire."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "Shall they have good company?", "answer": "No: But the devil and his angels, Matt. 25:41."}, {"item_id": "5g", "question": "Will the salvation of the saints aggravate their condemnation?", "answer": "Yes: For they shall see Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven, Luke 13:28."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Shall the saints at the day of judgment be put in possession of eternal life?", "answer": "Yes: The righteous into life eternal, Matt. 25:4,6."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Shall they be blessed?", "answer": "Yes: Come, ye blessed of my Father, Matt. 25:34."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Shall they be perfectly blessed?", "answer": "Yes: For in thy presence is fulness of joy, Ps. 16:11."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Shall there be any sin in heaven?", "answer": "No: For they are as the angels of God in heaven, Matt. 22:30."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "Shall there be any sorrow there?", "answer": "No: For God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes, Rev. 21:4."}, {"item_id": "6f", "question": "Shall there be any dying there?", "answer": "No: There shall be no more death, Rev. 21:4."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Is heaven a place of rest?", "answer": "Yes: There remaineth a rest for the people of God, Heb. 4:9."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "Is it light?", "answer": "Yes: It is the inheritance of the saints in light, Col. 1:12."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "Is it honour?", "answer": "Yes: It is a crown of glory that fades not away, 1 Pet. 5:4."}, {"item_id": "7d", "question": "Is it wealth?", "answer": "Yes: It is an inheritance incorruptible, 1 Pet. 1:4."}, {"item_id": "7e", "question": "Is it joy?", "answer": "Yes: Enter thou into the joy of thy Lord, Matt. 25:21."}, {"item_id": "8a", "question": "Shall we in heaven see God?", "answer": "Yes: When he shall appear we shall be like him, for we shall see him as he is, 1 John 3:2."}, {"item_id": "8b", "question": "Shall we see him clearly?", "answer": "Yes: Now we see through a glass darkly, but then face to face, 1 Cor. 13:12."}, {"item_id": "8c", "question": "Shall we enjoy him?", "answer": "Yes: God himself shall be with them, and be their God, Rev. 21."}, {"item_id": "8d", "question": "Shall we be satisfied in the vision and fruition of God?", "answer": "Yes: I shall be satisfied when I awake with thy likeness, Ps. 17:15."}, {"item_id": "8e", "question": "Shall this be everlasting?", "answer": "Yes: So shall we ever be with the Lord, 1 Thes. 4:17."}, {"item_id": "9a", "question": "Is this happiness purchased?", "answer": "Yes: It is the purchased possession, Eph. 1:14."}, {"item_id": "9b", "question": "Is it promised?", "answer": "Yes: It is eternal life which God, that cannot lie, promised, Tit. 1:2."}, {"item_id": "9c", "question": "Is it sure to all good Christians?", "answer": "Yes: Even the poor in the world, if rich in faith, are heirs of the kingdom, Jam. 2:5."}, {"item_id": "9d", "question": "Should we not be solicitous that it may be sure with us?", "answer": "Yes: What shall I do that I may inherit eternal life? Luke 18:18."}, {"item_id": "9e", "question": "Should we not then have it much in our eye?", "answer": "Yes: For we look not at the things that are seen, but the things that are not seen, 2 Cor. 4:18."}, {"item_id": "9f", "question": "And should we not be comforted and encouraged with the prospect of it?", "answer": "Yes: For the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed, Rom. 8:18."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "39", "sort_key": 39, "question": "What is the duty which God requires of man?", "answer": "The duty which God requires of man is obedience to his revealed will.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Does God require duty of men?", "answer": "Yes: Now, O Israel, what doth the Lord thy God require of thee, Deut. 10:12."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Of every man?", "answer": "Yes: He that hath ears to hear, let him hear, Matt. 13:9."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Has he authority to require duty?", "answer": "Yes: If I be a master, where is my fear, Mal. 1:6."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Is it fit he should rule us?", "answer": "Yes: For we are his people, and the sheep of his pasture, Ps. 100:3."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Is it fit we should obey him?", "answer": "Yes: For the borrower is servant to the lender, and the fool is servant to the wise in heart, Prov. 22:7; 11:29."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "Ought we therefore to inquire what our duty is?", "answer": "Yes: Teach me, O Lord, the way of thy statutes, Ps. 119:33."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Has God made known his will concerning our duty?", "answer": "Yes: He showeth his word unto Jacob, his statutes and his judgments unto Israel, Ps. 147:19."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Are we to obey it?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shall obey the voice of the Lord thy God, and do his commandments, Deut. 27:10."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is that obedience the condition of our acceptance?", "answer": "Yes: Obey my voice, and I will he your God, Jer. 7:23."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Is obedience to God reasonable?", "answer": "Yes: It is our reasonable service, Rom. 12:1."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Is it easy?", "answer": "Yes: For his commandments are not grievous, 1 John 5:3."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "And will it he acceptable?", "answer": "Yes: For to obey is better than sacrifice, 1 Sam. 15:22."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Must our obedience to God be sincere?", "answer": "Yes: Fear the Lord, and serve him in sincerity, and in truth, Josh. 24:14."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Must it be universal?", "answer": "Yes: Then shall I not be ashamed, when I have respect unto all thy commandments, Ps. 119:6."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Must it be with delight?", "answer": "Yes: I delight in the law of God after the inward man, Rom. 7:22."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Must it be constant?", "answer": "Yes: Be thou in the fear of the Lord all the day long, Prov. 23:17."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Must God's commands take place of men's?", "answer": "Yes: We ought to obey God rather than men, Acts 5:29. and 4:19."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Should we therefore labour to know the will of God?", "answer": "Yes: Understand what the will of the Lord is, Eph. 5:17."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Are we to study his secret will?", "answer": "No: For secret things belong not to us."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "But his revealed will?", "answer": "Yes: For things revealed belong to us, and to our children, that we may do all the words of this law, Deut. 29:29."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Is obedience to God's revealed will the whole duty of man?", "answer": "Yes: Let us hear the conclusion of the whole matter: Fear God, and keep his commandments, for this is the whole duty of man, Eccl. 12:13."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "40", "sort_key": 40, "question": "What did God at first reveal to man for the rule of his obedience?", "answer": "The rule which God at first revealed to man for his obedience, was the moral law.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Was the moral law revealed to man in innocency?", "answer": "Yes: For God created man in his own image, Gen. 1:27."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is it written in the heart of man?", "answer": "Yes: They show the work of the law written in their heart, Rom. 2:15."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is there then a law of nature?", "answer": "Yes: Doth not even nature itself teach you? 1 Cor. 11:14."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Is that a law of God?", "answer": "Yes: For he openeth the ears of men, and sealeth their instruction, Job 33:16."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Does natural conscience enforce that law?", "answer": "Yes: For the Gentiles which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, Rom. 2:14."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "Did the Gentiles sin by the breach of that law?", "answer": "Yes: What they know naturally, in these things they corrupt themselves, Jude 1:10."}, {"item_id": "1g", "question": "And will they be punished for the breach of it?", "answer": "Yes: They that have sinned without law, shall perish without law, Rom. 2:12."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Has God given us the moral law more fully?", "answer": "Yes: I have written unto them the great things of my law, Hos. 8:12."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Are we under that law as a covenant?", "answer": "No: For a man is not justified by the works of the law, Gal. 2:16."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Are we under it as a rule?", "answer": "Yes: We are under the law to Christ, 1 Cor. 9:21."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is the law of God very extensive?", "answer": "Yes: Thy commandment is exceeding broad, Ps. 119:96."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And very excellent?", "answer": "Yes: The law is holy, and the commandment is holy, and just, and good, Rom. 7:12."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Is it admirable?", "answer": "Yes: Thy testimonies are wonderful, Ps. 119:129."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Is any thing unjust in it?", "answer": "No: I esteem all thy precepts concerning all things to be right, Ps. 119:128."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Is it beyond any other law?", "answer": "Yes: What nation is there so great, that hath statutes and judgments so righteous, Deut. 4:8."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Does the law of God bind the inward man?", "answer": "Yes: For the law is spiritual, Rom. 7:14."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Does it forbid heart sins?", "answer": "Yes: Wash thy heart from wickedness, Jer. 4:14."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Does it require heart service?", "answer": "Yes: My son, give me thy heart, Prov. 23:26."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Does the law show us our way?", "answer": "Yes: It is a light to our feet, Ps. 119:105."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Does it discover sin to us?", "answer": "Yes: By the law is the knowledge of sin, Rom. 3:20."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Does it warn us concerning sin and duty?", "answer": "Yes: By them is thy servant warned, Ps. 19:11."}, {"item_id": "4g", "question": "Does it show us the need of Christ?", "answer": "Yes: The law was our schoolmaster, to bring us to Christ, Gal. 3:24."}, {"item_id": "4h", "question": "And does Christ do that for as which the law could not?", "answer": "Yes: Christ is the end of the law for righteousness, Rom. 10:4."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Ought we to love the law of God?", "answer": "Yes: I love thy commandments above gold, Ps. 119:127."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "And to consult it upon all occasions?", "answer": "Yes: Thy testimonies are my delight, and my counsellors, Ps. 119:24."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "And to confirm it?", "answer": "Yes: We must walk in the law of the Lord, Ps. 119:1."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "41", "sort_key": 41, "question": "Where is the moral law summarily comprehended?", "answer": "The moral law is summarily comprehended in the ten commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Was the moral law in force before the ten commandments were given?", "answer": "Yes: For Abraham commanded his children to keep the way of the Lord, Gen. 18:19."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Was it at last summed up in these commandments?", "answer": "Yes: For the law was given by Moses, John 1:17."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Was the law of the ten commandments given first to Israel?", "answer": "Yes: He made known his ways unto Moses, his acts to the children of Israel, Ps. 103:7."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "But are they binding to us now?", "answer": "Yes: For Christ came not to destroy the law but to fulfil, Matt. 5:17."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Did God himself give these commandments?", "answer": "Yes: From his right hand went a fiery law for them, Deut. 33:2."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Did God himself speak to them?", "answer": "Yes: Thou camest down upon Mount Sinai, and speakest with them from heaven, Neh. 9:18."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Did he use the ministry of angels therein?", "answer": "Yes: They received the law by the disposition of angels, Acts 7:58."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Did God himself write them?", "answer": "Yes: He gave unto Moses two tables of testimony, tables of stone, written with the finger of God, Exod. 31:18."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Was the law given with much terror?", "answer": "Yes: For it was given upon a mount that burned with fire, and with blackness, and darkness, and tempest, Heb. 12:18."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Was the sight terrible to Moses himself?", "answer": "Yes: For he said, I exceedingly fear and quake, Heb. 12:21."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Did it strike an awe upon the people?", "answer": "Yes: For they said, All that the Lord hath said will we do, and be obedient, Exod. 24:7."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "And should not we be awed by the consideration of it?", "answer": "Yes: Knowing the terror of the Lord, we persuade men, 2 Cor. 5:11."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Did the ten commandments include the whole moral law?", "answer": "Yes: If thou wilt enter into life, keep these commandments, Matt. 19:17."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "42", "sort_key": 42, "question": "What is the sum of the ten commandments?", "answer": "The sum of the ten commandments is, to love the Lord our God with all our heart, with all our soul, with all our strength, and with all our mind, and our neighbour as ourselves.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is all the law summed up in a word?", "answer": "Yes: All the law is fulfilled in one word, Gal. 5:14."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is that a short and sweet word?", "answer": "Yes: For it is love; love is the fulfilling of the law, Rom. 13:10."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is it our duty to love God?", "answer": "Yes: Take good heed to yourselves that ye love the Lord your God, Josh. 23:11."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Must we love him with a sincere love?", "answer": "Yes: Grace be with them that love him in sincerity, Eph. 6:24."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "And with a B love?", "answer": "Yes; My soul thirsteth for God, for the living God, Ps. 42:2."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "And with a superlative love?", "answer": "Yes: There is none upon earth that I desire besides thee, Ps. 73:25."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "And is all this included in the first and great commandment?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind; this is the first and great commandment, Matt. 22:37,38."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "And is this the sum of our duty to God?", "answer": "Yes; For if any man love God, the same is known of him, 1 Cor 8:3."}, {"item_id": "2g", "question": "Must those who love God be careful to please him?", "answer": "Yes: Ye that love the Lord, hate evil, Ps. 97:10."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is there good reason why we should thus love God?", "answer": "Yes: Therefore thou shalt love the Lord thy God, Deut. 11:1."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "For is he most lovely in himself?", "answer": "Yes: God is love, 1 John 4:8."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And most loving to us?", "answer": "Yes: We love him because he first loved us, 1 John 4:19."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Will he return our love?", "answer": "Yes: All things shall work together for good to them that love God, Rom. 8:28."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "And in the other world?", "answer": "Yes: For eye hath not seen what God hath prepared for them that love him, 1 Cor. 2:9."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Will you then love God above all?", "answer": "Yes: I will love thee, O Lord, my strength, Ps. 18:1."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "And pray to God to give you grace to love him?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord direct our hearts into his love, 2 Thess. 3:5."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is it our duty to love our neighbour too?", "answer": "Yes: He that loveth God, must love his brother also, 1 John 4:21."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Can we pretend to love God, if we do not love our neighbour?", "answer": "No: He that loveth not his brother, whom he hath seen, how can he love God, whom he hath not seen? 1 John 4:20."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Is this the fulfilling of the law?", "answer": "Yes: All is comprehended in this saying, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself, Rom. 13:9. James 2:8. Gal. 5:14."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Is it the second great commandment?", "answer": "Yes: The second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself, Matt. 22:39."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Is it an old commandment?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself, I am the Lord, Lev. 19:18."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Is it a new commandment?", "answer": "Yes: A new commandment I give unto you, that ye love one another, John 13:34."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Must we have a respect for all men?", "answer": "Yes: Honour all men, 1 Pet. 2:17."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Especially for all good men?", "answer": "Yes: We must honour them that fear the Lord, Ps. 15:4."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Must we esteem one another?", "answer": "Yes: Let each esteem other better than themselves, Phil. 2:3."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Must we sympathize with one another?", "answer": "Yes: Rejoice with them that do rejoice, and weep with them that weep, Rom. 12:15."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Must we please one another?", "answer": "Yes: For even Christ pleased not himself, Rom. 15:2, 3."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "Must we help one another?", "answer": "Yes: Bear ye one another's burdens, Gal. 6:2."}, {"item_id": "5g", "question": "Must we do good to one another?", "answer": "Yes: As we have opportunity we must do good to all men, Gal. 6:10."}, {"item_id": "5h", "question": "Must we pray for one another?", "answer": "Yes: Pray one for another that ye may be healed James 5:16."}, {"item_id": "5i", "question": "Must we love even our enemies?", "answer": "Yes: Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, Matt. 5:44."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Must you hurt nobody in word or deed?", "answer": "No: A citizen of Sion doeth not evil to his neighbour, nor taketh up a reproach against his neighbour, Ps. 15:3."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Must you be true and just in all your dealings?", "answer": "Yes: That which is altogether just shall thou follow, Deut. 16: 20."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Must you bear no malice or hatred in your heart?", "answer": "No: For whosoever hateth his brother is a murderer, 1 John 3:15."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Are we to love our neighbour as ourselves?", "answer": "Yes: For we are members one of another, Eph. 4:25."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "As truly as we love ourselves?", "answer": "Yes: Let love be without dissimulation, Rom. 12:9."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "And as fruitfully?", "answer": "Yes: Not seeking my own profit, but the profit of many, 1 Cor. 10:33."}, {"item_id": "7d", "question": "And as constantly as we love ourselves?", "answer": "Yes: Let brotherly love continue, Heb. 13:1."}, {"item_id": "7e", "question": "Ought we therefore to do as we would be done by?", "answer": "Yes: Whatsoever ye would that men should do to yon, do you even so to them, Matt. 7:12."}, {"item_id": "7f", "question": "Should we in our places promote Christian love?", "answer": "Yes: For every one that loveth is born of God, 1 John 4:7."}, {"item_id": "7g", "question": "And will this be our comfort?", "answer": "Yes: Live in peace, and the God of love and peace shall be with you, 2 Cor. 13:11."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "43", "sort_key": 43, "question": "What is the preface to the ten commandments?", "answer": "The preface to the ten commandments is in these words, I am the Lord thy God, which brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Did God himself speak the ten commandments?", "answer": "Yes: God spake all these words, saying, Exod. 20:1."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Was it fit they should be introduced with a solemn preface?", "answer": "Yes: Hear, O heavens, and give ear, 0 earth, for the Lord hath spoken, Isa. 1:2."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Did he therein assert his own authority?", "answer": "Yes: I am the Lord thy God."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Did he remind them of the great things he had lately done for them?", "answer": "Yes: I am the Lord thy God, from the land of Egypt, Hos. 12:9."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Was the condition of Israel in Egypt very miserable?", "answer": "Yes: For the Egyptians made them to serve with rigour, Exod. 1:13."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Did God bring them out of Egypt?", "answer": "Yes: He brought Israel from among them, for his mercy endureth for ever, Ps. 136:11."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Did he do it miraculously?", "answer": "Yes: With a strong hand, and a stretched-out arm, for his mercy endureth for ever, Ps. 136:12."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Did this oblige them to keep his commandments?", "answer": "Yes: When I brought them out of the land of Egypt, I said, Obey my voice, Jer. 7:22, 23."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "But does this concern us?", "answer": "Yes: For unto us was the gospel preached, as well as unto them, Heb. 4:2."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "For is God the God of the Jews only? Is he not also of the Gentiles?", "answer": "Yes: Of the Gentiles also, Rom. 3:29."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "44", "sort_key": 44, "question": "What does the preface to the ten commandments teach us?", "answer": "The preface to the ten commandments teaches us, that because God is the Lord, and our God, and Redeemer, therefore we are bound to keep all God's commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is God the Lord Jehovah?", "answer": "Yes: I am the Lord, that is my name, Isa. 43:8."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is that a reason why we should keep his commandments?", "answer": "Yes: Ye shall observe all my statutes, and do them, I am the Lord, Lev. 19:37."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is he our God?", "answer": "Yes: He is thy praise, and he is thy God, Deut. 10:21."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Is that a reason why we should keep his commandments?", "answer": "Yes: For all people will walk every one in the name of their God, Mic. 4:5. Ps. 95:7."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is he our Redeemer?", "answer": "Yes: Thou, O Lord, art our Father, our Redeemer, Isa. 63:16."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Has he redeemed us from outward troubles?", "answer": "Yes: Behold, the Lord hath kept me alive, Josh. 14:10."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "And are we therefore bound to keep his commandments?", "answer": "Yes: Truly, I am thy servant, thou hast loosed my bonds, Ps. 116:16."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "And are we very ungrateful if we do not?", "answer": "Yes: Now thou hast given us such deliverance as this, should we again break thy commandments? Ezra 9:13, 14."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Has God brought us out of a spiritual Egypt?", "answer": "Yes: For Christ proclaims liberty to the captives, Isa. 61:1."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Are we delivered from the bonds of sin?", "answer": "Yes: He shall redeem Israel from all their iniquities, Ps. 130:8."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And is our deliverance by Christ greater than theirs out of Egypt?", "answer": "Yes: For if the Son make you free, then you shall be free indeed, John 8:36."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "And are we therefore bound to keep all his commandments?", "answer": "Yes: For we are delivered out of the hands of our enemies, that we might serve him, Luke 1:74, 75."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "And was this the design of our redemption?", "answer": "Yes: He gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, Tit. 2:14."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Is there then all the reason in the world why we should be religious?", "answer": "Yes: Come now, and let us reason together, saith the Lord, Isa. 1:18."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "45", "sort_key": 45, "question": "What is the first commandment?", "answer": "The first commandment is, Thou shalt have no other gods before me.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is it an essential duty of religion to worship God?", "answer": "Yes: For those have no hope that are without God in the world Eph. 2:12."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Are we concerned to be right in the object of our worship?", "answer": "Yes: We must know what we worship, John 4:22."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Does the first commandment direct us in this?", "answer": "Yes: For the first of all the commandments is this, Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God is one Lord, Mark 12:29."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Does God lay a stress upon our having him for our God?", "answer": "Yes: Hear, O my people, and I will speak; I am God, even thy God, Ps. 50:7."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "And upon our having him only?", "answer": "Yes: Hear, O my people, and I will testify unto thee; there shall no strange god be in thee, neither shall thou worship any strange god, Ps. 81:8, 9."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Did Israel need this commandment?", "answer": "Yes: For their fathers served other gods, Josh. 24:2."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "And were they tempted to serve other gods?", "answer": "Yes: The gods of the people that were round about them, Deut. 13:7."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "46", "sort_key": 46, "question": "What is required in the first commandment?", "answer": "The first commandment requires us to know and acknowledge God to be the only true God, and our God, and to worship and glorify him accordingly.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Does that which forbids us to have any other gods, require us to have the true God?", "answer": "Yes: Put away the strange gods, and serve the Lord only, 1 Sam. 7:3, 4."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is it our duty to acknowledge God?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord he is God, the Lord he is God, 1 Kings 18:39."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "And must we acknowledge him to be the only true God?", "answer": "Yes: Thou art the God, even thou alone, 2 Kings 19:15."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is it our duty to acquaint ourselves with him?", "answer": "Yes: Acquaint now thyself with him, and be at peace, Job 22:21."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Must we grow in that acquaintance?", "answer": "Yes: Increasing in the knowledge of God, Col. 1:10."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "And may we attain to it?", "answer": "Yes: Then shall we know, if we follow on to know the Lord, Hos. 6:3."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Must we accept of God for our God?", "answer": "Yes: Thou hast avouched the Lord this day to be thy God, Deut. 26:17, 18."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And must we join ourselves to him?", "answer": "Yes: Come, and let us join ourselves to the Lord in an everlasting covenant, Jer. 50:5."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And consent to be his?", "answer": "Yes: O Lord, truly I am thy servant, I am thy servant, Ps. 116:16."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Must we take God the Father to be our chief good and highest end?", "answer": "Yes: O God, thou art my God, Ps. 63:1."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "And God the Son to be our Prince and Saviour?", "answer": "Yes: My Lord and my God, John 20:28."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "And God the Holy Ghost to be our sanctifier, teacher, guide, and comforter?", "answer": "Yes: For they that are led by the Spirit of God, are the sons of God, Rom. 8:14."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "Must we renounce all others?", "answer": "Yes: For by thee only will we make mention of thy name, Isa. 26:13."}, {"item_id": "3h", "question": "Must we do this deliberately?", "answer": "Yes: Choose ye this day whom ye will serve, Josh. 24:15."}, {"item_id": "3i", "question": "Must we do it solemnly?", "answer": "Yes: One shall say, I am the Lord's and another shall subscribe with his hand unto the Lord, Isa. 44:5."}, {"item_id": "3j", "question": "Must we do it resolutely?", "answer": "Yes: Nay, but we will serve the Lord, Josh. 24:21."}, {"item_id": "3k", "question": "May we be at liberty to change our Master?", "answer": "No: But with purpose of heart must cleave to the Lord, Acts 11:23."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "When we have avouched the Lord for our God, must we apply ourselves to him?", "answer": "Yes: If the Lord be God, then follow him, 1 Kings 18:21."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Must we glorify him accordingly?", "answer": "Yes: Give unto the Lord the glory due unto his name, Ps. 39:2."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Must we worship him?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve, Matt. 4:10."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Must we worship him with inward worship?", "answer": "Yes: We must serve him with our spirits, Rom. 1:9."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Is that the worship he requires?", "answer": "Yes: For such the Father seeks to worship him, John 4:28."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Must we remember God?", "answer": "Yes: Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth, Eccl. 12:1."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "And think of him with delight?", "answer": "Yes: My meditation of him shall be sweet, Ps. 104:34."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Must we adore and admire him?", "answer": "Yes: Who is like unto thee, O Lord, among the gods? Exod. 15:11."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Must we fear him above all?", "answer": "Yes: Let him be your fear, and let him be your dread, Isa. 8:13."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "And reverence him?", "answer": "Yes: He is to be had in reverence of all them that are about him. Ps. 89:7."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "Must we submit to his word?", "answer": "Yes: Speak, Lord, for thy servant hears, 1 Sam. 3:9."}, {"item_id": "5g", "question": "And submit to his will?", "answer": "Yes: It is the Lord, let him do what seemeth him good, 1 Sam. 3:18."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Must we love God above all?", "answer": "Yes: O love the Lord all ye his saints, Ps. 31:23."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Must our desire be towards him?", "answer": "Yes: So panteth my soul after thee O God, Ps. 43:1."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Must our delight be in him?", "answer": "Yes: Delight thyself always in the Lord, Ps. 37:4."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Must our dependence be upon him?", "answer": "Yes: In thee, O Lord, do I put my trust, Ps. 31:1."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Must we live a life of communion with God?", "answer": "Yes: Mine eyes are ever towards the Lord, Ps. 25:15."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "And a life of complacency in him?", "answer": "Yes: Rejoice in the Lord always, Phil. 4:4."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "And a life of conformity to him?", "answer": "Yes: Be ye holy, for I am holy, 1 Pet. 1:16."}, {"item_id": "7d", "question": "And a life of confidence in him?", "answer": "Yes: Commit thy way unto the Lord, Ps. 37:5."}, {"item_id": "7e", "question": "And a life of regard to him?", "answer": "Yes: In all thy ways acknowledge him, Prov. 3:6."}, {"item_id": "7f", "question": "Must our hearts go out towards him?", "answer": "Yes: Unto thee, O Lord, do I lift up my soul, Ps. 25:1."}, {"item_id": "7g", "question": "And must we have him always in our eye?", "answer": "Yes; I have set the Lord always before me, Ps. 16:8."}, {"item_id": "7h", "question": "And must we walk with him in the whole course of our conversation?", "answer": "Yes: As Enoch walked with God, Gen. 5:24."}, {"item_id": "7i", "question": "And is this inward worship the life of religion?", "answer": "Yes: It is better than all burnt-offerings and sacrifices, Mark 12:33."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "47", "sort_key": 47, "question": "What is forbidden in the first commandment?", "answer": "The first commandment forbiddeth the denying, or not worshipping and glorifying, the true God, as God, and our God; and the giving of that worship and glory to any other which is due to him alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is it a great sin to deny the being of God?", "answer": "Yes: The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God, Ps. 14:1."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Or to deny his omniscience?", "answer": "Yes: They say, The Lord shall not see, Ps. 94:7."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Or to deny his justice?", "answer": "Yes: He hath said in his heart, Thou wilt not require it, Ps. 10:13."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Or his holiness?", "answer": "Yes: Thou thoughtest that I was altogether such a one as thyself, Ps. 50:21."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Or his goodness?", "answer": "Yes: I knew thee to be a hard man, Matt. 25:24."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "Or his faithfulness?", "answer": "Yes: Where is the promise of his coming? 2 Pet. 3:4."}, {"item_id": "1g", "question": "Is it a sin to question God's providence?", "answer": "Yes: Is the Lord among us? Or is he not? Exod. 17:7."}, {"item_id": "1h", "question": "Or to question his power?", "answer": "Yes: Can God furnish a table in the wilderness, Ps. 78:19."}, {"item_id": "1i", "question": "And is there such a thing as practical atheism?", "answer": "Yes: They profess that they know God, but in works they deny him, Tit. 1:16."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is it a great sin to be ignorant of God?", "answer": "Yes: Some have not the knowledge of God; I speak it to your shame, 1 Cor. 15:34."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is it a damning sin?", "answer": "Yes: He shall take vengeance on them that know not God, 2 Thess. 1:8."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is it the cause of all other sins?", "answer": "Yes: There is neither truth, nor mercy, nor knowledge of God, in the land, Hos. 4:1."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Is it a great sin to forget God?", "answer": "Yes: Thou hast forgotten the God that formed thee, Deut. 32:18."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "And to cast off the fear of him?", "answer": "Yes: There is no fear of God before his eyes, Ps. 36:1."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "And to live without prayer?", "answer": "Yes: Thou hast not called upon me, O Jacob, Isa. 43:22"}, {"item_id": "2g", "question": "And not to glorify him?", "answer": "Yes: The God in whose hand thy breath is, hast thou not glorified, Dan. 5:23."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is all distrust of God a sin?", "answer": "Yes: The evil heart of unbelief departs from the living God, Heb. 3:12."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And tempting God?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God, Matt. 4:7."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And all the coldness of our love to him?", "answer": "Yes: But their heart is far from me, Matt. 15:8."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Does this commandment forbid all ungodliness?", "answer": "Yes: For the wrath of God is revealed against all ungodliness, Rom. 1:18."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "And all idolatry?", "answer": "Yes: Little children, keep yourselves from idols, 1 John 5:21."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Had the Gentiles other gods besides the true God?", "answer": "Yes: They had gods many, and lords manly, 1 Cor. 8:5."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "And were those gods devils?", "answer": "Yes: They sacrificed to devils and not to God, l Cor. 10:20."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "May we have communion with them?", "answer": "No: I would not that ye should have fellowship with devils, 1 Cor 10:20."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Have those fellowship with them who consult with witches?", "answer": "Yes: Is it because there is not a God in Israel. that thou goest to inquire of Beelzebub the god of Ekron, 2 Kings 1:3."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Did the Gentiles multiply their gods?", "answer": "Yes: According to the number of thy cities are thy gods, Jer. 2:28."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Were they gods of their own making?", "answer": "Yes: And they that make them are like unto them, Ps. 115:8."}, {"item_id": "4g", "question": "Was not that a great affront to the living God?", "answer": "Yes: They changed the truth of God into a lie, Rom. 1:25."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Is there not such a thing as spiritual idolatry?", "answer": "Yes: These men have set their idols in their hearts, Ezek. 14:4."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Is it idolatry to make a god of our appetites?", "answer": "Yes: Whose god is their belly, Phil. 3:19."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Or a god of our money?", "answer": "Yes: For covetousness is idolatry, Col. 3:5."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "May we give that respect to any creature which is due to God alone?", "answer": "No: For his glory he will not give to another, Isa. 42:8."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Is it therefore a sin to love them more than God?", "answer": "Yes: He that loveth father or mother more than me, is not worthy of me, Matt. 10:37."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "And to trust in them?", "answer": "Yes: Cursed is the man that trusteth in man, Jer. 17:5."}, {"item_id": "5g", "question": "Is this spiritual adultery?", "answer": "Yes: She went after her lovers, and forgot me, saith the Lord, Hos. 2:13."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "48", "sort_key": 48, "question": "What are we especially taught by these words, [before me,] in the first commandment?", "answer": "These words, [before me,] in the first commandment, teach us, that God who seeth all things, takes notice of and is much displeased with, the sin of having any other God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Are we always in God's sight?", "answer": "Yes: Thou knowest my down-sitting, and my up-rising, Ps. 139:2."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Are all our actions in his sight?", "answer": "Yes: All my ways are before thee, Ps. 119:168."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Does he take notice of them?", "answer": "Yes: He pondereth all our goings, Prov. 5:21."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Are all our good works before him?", "answer": "Yes: I know thy work, and thy labour, and thy patience, Rev. 2:2."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Does he know all our inward worship of him?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord hearkened, and heard those that thought on his name, Mal. 3:16."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "And should that encourage us to have him for our God?", "answer": "Yes: For your Father sees in secret, and will reward openly, Matt. 6:4."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Are all our evil works before him?", "answer": "Yes: He sets our iniquities before him, Ps. 90:8."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Is the having of other gods oftentimes a secret sin?", "answer": "Yes: They do it in the dark, and say, the Lord sees us not, Exod. 8:12."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "But does God see?", "answer": "Yes: He that formed the eye, shall he not see it? Ps. 94:9."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Does he take notice of all our neglects of him?", "answer": "Yes: If we have forgotten the name of our God he knows it."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "And does he take notice of all our inclinations to other gods?", "answer": "Yes: If we have stretched out our hands to a strange god, shall not God search this out? Ps. 44:20, 21."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "And is he much displeased with secret idolatry?", "answer": "Yes: Seest thou the great abominations that they commit? Ezek. 8:6."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "And should this oblige us to be faithful to him?", "answer": "Yes: For the Lord searcheth all hearts, 1 Chron. 28:9."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "49", "sort_key": 49, "question": "What is the second commandment?", "answer": "The second commandment is, Thou shall not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath; or that is in the water under the earth: thou shall not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me, and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Does the second commandment concern the ordinances of God's worship, as the first object of it?", "answer": "Yes: Therefore ye shall keep mine ordinances, Lev. 18:10."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Was it requisite there should be a law concerning them?", "answer": "Yes: Lest ye say, How did these nations serve their gods? so will I do likewise, Deut. 12:30."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is this binding to us now?", "answer": "Yes: Dearly beloved, flee from idolatry, 1 Cor. 10:14."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Are we Christians forbidden to worship images?", "answer": "Yes: That they should not worship idols of gold, and silver, and brass, and stone, Rev. 9:20."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Does this commandment forbid the making of images for a religious use?", "answer": "Yes: Cursed be the man that maketh any graven image, Deut. 27:15."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Does it forbid the making an image of what is in heaven above?", "answer": "Yes: Lest thou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun, and the moon, and the stars, shouldst be driven to worship them, Deut. 4:19."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Or on earth, beneath?", "answer": "Yes: As they changed their glory into the similitude of an ox, Ps. 106:20."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Or in the waters under the earth?", "answer": "Yes: As they made the likeness of creeping things, Rom. 1:23."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Does it forbid us to bow down to them?", "answer": "Yes: Shall I bow down to the stock of a tree? Isa. 44:19."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Or to worship them?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shall worship no other God, Exod. 34:14."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Or to show any respect to them?", "answer": "Yes: I will take away the names of Baalim out of their mouth, Hos. 2:17."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Was it requisite this commandment should be thus enlarged?", "answer": "Yes: Precept must be upon precept, and line upon line, Isa. 28:10."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "And that it should be backed with many reasons?", "answer": "Yes: For they are mad upon their idols, Jer. 50:38."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "50", "sort_key": 50, "question": "What is required in the second commandment?", "answer": "The second commandment requires the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire all such religious worship and ordinances as God has appointed in his word.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is it our duty solemnly to worship God?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, Matt 4:10."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Do we thereby honour him?", "answer": "Yes: We give unto him the glory due unto his name, Ps. 29:2."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Does the light of nature teach us to worship God?", "answer": "Yes: They cried every man unto his god, Jonah 1:5."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "But does it teach us sufficiently how to worship him?", "answer": "No: Whom therefore ye ignorantly worship, Acts 17:23."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Has God in his word appointed us in what way to worship him?", "answer": "Yes: For this was ordained in Joseph for a testimony, Ps. 81:5."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "And must we worship him in the appointed way?", "answer": "Yes: See thou make all things according to the pattern showed thee, Heb. 8:5."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Are we to receive such ordinances as God has appointed?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord our God will we serve, and his voice will we obey, Josh. 24:24."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Should we labour to understand them?", "answer": "Yes: What mean ye by this service? Exod. 12:26."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "And are we to observe them?", "answer": "Yes: Observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you, Matt. 28:20."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "And to observe them duly?", "answer": "Yes: As the duty of every day requires, Ezra 3:4."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Are we to keep God's ordinances?", "answer": "Yes: That good thing which was committed to thee, keep, 2 Tim. 1:14."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Are we to keep them carefully?", "answer": "Yes: Keep them as the apple of thine eye, Prov. 7:2."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Must we keep them pure without corruption?", "answer": "Yes: Add thou not to his words, Prov. 30:6."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "And entire, without diminution?", "answer": "Yes: We must walk in all the ordinances of the Lord, Luke 1:6."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "May we neither add nor diminish?", "answer": "No: Thou shalt neither add thereto nor diminish from it, Deut. 12:32."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Must we worship God in the spirit?", "answer": "Yes: We are the circumcision that worship God in the spirit, Phil. 3:3."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Must we be inward with God in every service?", "answer": "Yes: For bodily exercise profiteth little, 1 Tim 4:8."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Is ignorance the mother of devotion?", "answer": "No: For if ye offer the blind for sacrifice, is it not evil? Mal. 1:8."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Is it the mother of destruction?", "answer": "Yes: My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge, Hos. 4:6."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Ought we to have an eye to the word of God in our religious worship?", "answer": "Yes: For whatsoever is not of faith is sin, Rom. 1:23."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "And to glorify God in it?", "answer": "Yes; I will be sanctified in them that come nigh unto me, Lev. 10:3."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "And ought we to shun all idolatrous worship?", "answer": "Yes: For I would not that ye should have fellowship with devils, 1 Cor 10:20."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "51", "sort_key": 51, "question": "What is forbidden in the second commandment?", "answer": "The second commandment forbids the worshipping of God by images, or any other way not appointed in his word.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is it a sin to worship the true God by images?", "answer": "Yes: For it changes the truth of God into a lie, Rom. 1:25."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Are not images laymen's books?", "answer": "No: For an image is a teacher of lies, Hab. 2:18."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is it possible to make an image of God?", "answer": "No: We ought not to think that the Godhead is like unto gold, or silver, or stone, graven by art and man's device, Acts 17:29."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Do we know what to represent God by?", "answer": "No: To whom then will ye liken God? Isa. 40:18."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Do they that pretend to it put a great affront upon him?", "answer": "Yes: For they change the glory of the incorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, Rom. 1:28."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "May we worship Christ by an image?", "answer": "No: For though we have known Christ after the flesh, yet now henceforth know we him no more, 2 Cor. 5:16."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is it idolatry to worship the consecrated host?", "answer": "Yes: For it is bread which we break, 1 Cor. 10:16."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is it idolatry to pray to saints and angels?", "answer": "Yes: See thou do it not, but worship God, Rev. 19:10. and 22:9."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Must we be careful to avoid all appearances of idolatry?", "answer": "Yes: Take ye therefore good heed to yourselves, lest ye corrupt yourselves, Deut. 4:15."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Should we choose to die rather than worship images?", "answer": "Yes: But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, we will not serve thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up, Dan. 3:18."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is it a sin to worship God in any way not appointed in his word?", "answer": "Yes: In vain do they worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men Matt. 15:9."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "May we ourselves invent ordinances of worship?", "answer": "No: They went a whoring with their own inventions, Ps. 106:39."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Is it not enough if what we invent is not forbidden?", "answer": "No: They offered a strange fire before the Lord, which he commanded them not, Lev. 10:1."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Is it a sin to despise any of God's ordinances?", "answer": "Yes: Ye said also Behold what a weariness is it! Mal. 1:13."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Or to be careless in our attendance upon them?", "answer": "Yes: Cursed be the deceiver that hath in his flock a male, and vows and sacrifices to the Lord a corrupt thing, Mal. 1:14."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Are they spiritual idolaters who make images of God in their fancy?", "answer": "Yes: They are vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart is darkened, Rom. 1:21."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "52", "sort_key": 52, "question": "What are the reasons annexed to the second commandment?", "answer": "The reasons annexed to the second commandment, are God's sovereignty over us, his property in us, and the zeal he has to his own worship.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is there good reason why we should take heed of idolatry?", "answer": "Yes: Turn ye not to idols, neither make to yourselves molten gods, I am the Lord your God, Lev. 19:4."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Has God a sovereignty over us?", "answer": "Yes: For he is a great God, and a great King above all gods, Ps. 95:3."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Ought we therefore to worship him, as he has appointed us?", "answer": "Yes: O come let us worship, and bow down, and kneel before the Lord our Maker, Ps. 95:6."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "And not to worship idols?", "answer": "Yes: For they can do neither good nor evil, Isa. 41:23."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Has God a property in us?", "answer": "Yes: For we are the people of his pasture, Ps. 95:7."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Ought we therefore to worship him?", "answer": "Yes: He is thy Lord, and worship thou him, Ps. 45:11."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "And not to worship other gods?", "answer": "Yes: For hath a nation changed their gods? Jer. 2:11."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is God jealous in the matters of his worship?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God, Exod. 34:14."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Is he much displeased with those who corrupt it?", "answer": "Yes: They provoked the Lord God of Israel to anger with their vanities, 1 Kings 16:13."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Do those who do so hate him?", "answer": "Yes: Idolaters are haters of God, Rom. 1:25, 30."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Will he visit their iniquity?", "answer": "Yes: In the day m when I visit, I will visit their sin upon them, Exod. 32:34."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Will he visit it upon the children?", "answer": "Yes: Our fathers sinned, and are not, and we have borne their iniquities, Lam. 5:7."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "And is it just with him to do so?", "answer": "Yes: For they are the children of whoredoms, Hos. 2:4."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "But will he visit it for ever?", "answer": "No: But to the third and fourth generation, Exod. 34:7."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Will those who love God keep his commandments?", "answer": "Yes: If ye keep my commandments, ye shall abide in my love, John 15:10."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Will he show mercy to such?", "answer": "Yes: For he hath said, I love them that love me, Prov. 8:17."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Will he show mercy to thousands of such ?", "answer": "Yes: For the mercy of the Lord is from everlasting to everlasting, Ps. 103:17."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "53", "sort_key": 53, "question": "What is the third commandment?", "answer": "The third commandment is, Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Does the third commandment concern the manner of our worshipping God?", "answer": "Yes: That we serve the Lord with fear, Ps. 2:11."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is it enough that we seek God in a due ordinance?", "answer": "No: But we must seek him after the due order, 1 Chron. 15:13."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is God's name all that whereby he makes himself known?", "answer": "Yes: He proclaimed the name of the Lord, Exod. 34:5."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Ought we to make use of his name?", "answer": "Yes: By thee only will we make mention of thy name, Isa. 26:13."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "And to take heed of abusing it?", "answer": "Yes: Neither shalt thou profane the name of thy God, I am the Lord, Lev. 18:21."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "54", "sort_key": 54, "question": "What is required in the third commandment?", "answer": "The third commandment requires a holy and reverent use of God's names, titles, attributes, ordinances, word, and works.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Does this commandment require us to glorify the name of God?", "answer": "Yes: They shall worship before thee, O Lord, and shall glorify thy name, Ps. 86:9."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Are we to think of God's name with seriousness?", "answer": "Yes: They feared the Lord, and thought upon his name, Mal. 3:16."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Are we to speak of it with reverence?", "answer": "Yes: For God is in heaven, and thou upon earth, therefore let thy words be few, Eccl. 5:2."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Are we to call upon his name with a holy awe?", "answer": "Yes: For we that are but dust and ashes speak to the Lord of glory, Gen. 18:27."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Are we to worship God reverently in every religious duty?", "answer": "Yes: We must serve him acceptably, with reverence and godly fear, Heb. 12:28."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "And is there good reason for it?", "answer": "Yes: For our God is a consuming fire, Heb. 12:29."}, {"item_id": "1g", "question": "Ought we to behave ourselves very reverently in public worship?", "answer": "Yes: For God is greatly to be feared in the assembly of his saints and to be had in reverence of all them that are about him, Ps. 89:7."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Must we be holy in worshipping God?", "answer": "Yes: Worship the Lord in the beauty of holiness, Ps. 96:9."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Must we be holy in prayer and praise?", "answer": "Yes: Lifting up holy hands, 1 Tim. 2:8."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Must our thoughts be fixed?", "answer": "Yes: O God, my heart is fixed, Ps. 108:1."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Must pious and devout affections be working in us?", "answer": "Yes: We must be fervent in spirit serving the Lord, Rom. 12:11."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Must we be very humble in our approaches to God?", "answer": "Yes: As the publican that stood afar off, and would not so much as lift up his eyes to heaven, Luke 18:13."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Must we give glory to God in his word?", "answer": "Yes: For thou hast magnified thy word above all thy name, Ps. 138:2."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Must we hear it with reverence?", "answer": "Yes: We are all here present before God, to hear all things that are commanded thee of God, Acts 10:33."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Must we give glory to God in swearing when we are called to it?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God, and shalt swear by his name, Deut. 6:13."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Must we be cautions in swearing?", "answer": "Yes: We must fear an oath, Eccl. 9:2."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Must we be conscientious in swearing?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shalt swear in truth, in judgment, and in righteousness, Jer. 4:2."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Must we give glory to God in vowing?", "answer": "Yes: Vow and pay unto the Lord your God, Ps. 76:11."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Must we glorify God in his great works?", "answer": "Yes: We must magnify his works which men behold, Job 36:24."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "And must we glorify him by our good works?", "answer": "Yes: Let everyone that names the name of Christ depart from iniquity, 2 Tim. 2:19."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "55", "sort_key": 55, "question": "What is forbidden in the third commandment?", "answer": "The third commandment forbids all profaning or abusing of any thing whereby God makes himself known.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Do all hypocrites take God's name in vain?", "answer": "Yes: For they make mention of the God of Israel, but not in truth and righteousness, Isa. 48:1."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Do they therefore profane that name?", "answer": "Yes: The name of God is blasphemed through them, Rom. 2:24."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Do hypocritical worshippers take God's name in vain?", "answer": "Yes: For with their mouth they show much love, but their heart goeth after their covetousness, Ezek. 33:31."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "And is their seeming religion a vain religion?", "answer": "Yes: That man's religion is vain, James 1:26."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Can it be pleasing to God?", "answer": "No: Bring no more vain oblations, Isa. 1:11,13."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "Can it be profitable to themselves?", "answer": "No: For they receive the grace of God in vain, 2 Cor. 6:1."}, {"item_id": "1g", "question": "Do covenant-breakers take God's name in vain?", "answer": "Yes: For they lie unto him with their tongues, Ps. 78:36."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is it a sin against this commandment to use the name of God lightly and carelessly?", "answer": "Yes: For thou shall fear this glorious and fearful name, the Lord thy God, Deut. 28:58."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Will God's friends thus affront him?", "answer": "No: Thine enemies take thy name in vain, Ps. 139:20."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is it the character of the wicked?", "answer": "Yes: Thou art near in their mouth, and far from their reins, Jer. 12:2."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is it a sin against this commandment to swear rashly?", "answer": "Yes: Above all things, my brethren, swear not, Jam. 5:19."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Is it a sin to swear by creatures?", "answer": "Yes: Whether by heaven, or by the earth, or by the head, Matt. 5:34-36."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Must our communication be yea, yea, and nay, nay?", "answer": "Yes: For whatsoever is more than these cometh of evil, Matt. 5:37."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Is it a sin to swear falsely?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shalt not forswear thyself, Matt. 5:33."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Is profane swearing a great sin?", "answer": "Yes: For it blasphemes that worthy name by which we are called, Jam. 2:7."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Is it an inexcusable sin?", "answer": "Yes: For they transgress without cause, Ps. 25:3."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "Does it bring judgments upon families?", "answer": "Yes: For the curse shall enter into the house of him that swears falsely, and shall consume it, Zech. 5:4."}, {"item_id": "3h", "question": "And upon nations?", "answer": "Yes: Because of swearing the land mourns, Jer. 23:10."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is it a sin against this commandment to jest with the word of God?", "answer": "Yes: Be ye not mockers, lest your bands be made strong, Isa. 28:22."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Or to use it as a charm?", "answer": "Yes: As those exorcists which said, We adjure you by Jesus, whom Paul preacheth, Acts 19:13."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Is it a sin to put a slight upon sacred things?", "answer": "Yes: Ye have profaned my name, in that ye say, The table of the Lord is contemptible, Mal. 1:12."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "56", "sort_key": 56, "question": "What is the reason annexed to the third commandment?", "answer": "The reason annexed to the third commandment is, that however the breakers of this commandment may escape punishment from men, yet the Lord our God will not suffer them to escape his righteous judgment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Do the breakers of the third commandment commonly escape punishment from men?", "answer": "Yes: For men hear the voice of swearing, and utter it not, Lev. 5:1."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "And do they fancy they shall escape God's judgments?", "answer": "Yes: The wicked contemn God, and yet say in their heart, he will not require it, Ps. 10:13."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "But shall they escape God's judgments?", "answer": "No: Be not deceived, God is not mocked, Gal. 6:7."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Shall those who profane God's holy name escape his righteous judgments?", "answer": "No: The Lord will make their plagues wonderful, Deut. 28:59."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Shall hypocrites escape them?", "answer": "No: Woe unto you scribes and pharisees, hypocrites, Matt. 23:13."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Shall scoffers escape them?", "answer": "No: For they shall be broken, and snared, and taken, Isa. 28:13."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Shall covenant breakers escape them?", "answer": "No: Seeing he despised the oath, by breaking the covenant, he shall not escape, Ezek. 17:18."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Shall swearers go unpunished?", "answer": "No: For he that sweareth shall be cut off: Zech. 5:3."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Shall they who use God's name vainly go unpunished?", "answer": "No: For every idle word that men speak they must give account, Matt. 12:36."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And shall their words be witnesses against them?", "answer": "Yes: God shall cause their own tongues to fall upon them, Ps. 44:8."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "57", "sort_key": 57, "question": "What is the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The fourth commandment is, Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shall thou labour, and do all thy work: but the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor the stranger that is within thy gates: for in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day; wherefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day and hallowed it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Does the fourth commandment concern the time of worship?", "answer": "Yes: For there is a time to every purpose, Eccl. 3:1."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Must our worship be confined to that time?", "answer": "No: For we must pray always, Eph. 6:18."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "But is that appointed for the certain time?", "answer": "Yes: Blow up the trumpet in the time appointed, Ps. 81:3."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Is it the will of God we should take special notice of this command?", "answer": "Yes: For he has said, Remember it."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Are we apt to forget it?", "answer": "Yes: They have hid their eyes from my sabbaths, Ezek. 22:26."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Must we keep holy the sabbath day?", "answer": "Yes: Keep the sabbath day to sanctify it, Deut. 5:12."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is a sabbath a day of rest?", "answer": "Yes: It shall be a sabbath of rest unto you, Lev. 16:31."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Must we labour the six days, and do all our work?", "answer": "Yes: For in the sweat of thy face shall thou eat bread, Gen. 3:19."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "But is not work for God part of our work?", "answer": "Yes: For we must work the works of God, John 6:28."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Must we not then do that on the six days?", "answer": "Yes: Every day will I bless thee, Ps. 145:2."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "But must we especially do it on sabbath days?", "answer": "Yes: For it is the Holy of the Lord, Isa. 58:13."}, {"item_id": "2g", "question": "Must we therefore rest from other work on that day?", "answer": "Yes: That we may attend upon the Lord without distraction, 1 Cor. 7:35."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Must children keep holy the sabbath day?", "answer": "Yes: Thou, and thy son, and thy daughter."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And servants?", "answer": "Yes: That thy man-servant and maid-servant may rest as well as thou, Deut. 5:14."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And is there good reason for the sanctification of the sabbath?", "answer": "Yes: Ye shall keep my sabbaths, I am the Lord your God, Lev. 19:3."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "58", "sort_key": 58, "question": "What is required in the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The fourth commandment requires the keeping holy to God such set times as he has appointed in his word; expressly one whole day in seven, to be a holy sabbath unto himself.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Must holy time be kept holy?", "answer": "Yes: For every thing is beautiful in its season, Eccl. 3:11."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Can man make time holy?", "answer": "No: For I am the Lord which sanctify you, Lev. 20:8."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Has God appointed a sabbath?", "answer": "Yes: It is as the Lord thy God hath commanded thee, Deut. 5:12."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Had he authority to do so?", "answer": "Yes: For the day is thine, the night also is thine, Ps. 74:16."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Did he appoint it for us?", "answer": "Yes: For the sabbath was made for man, Mark 2:27."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Did he appoint one day in seven?", "answer": "Yes: For a seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "One whole day?", "answer": "Yes: For in the evening and the morning were the first day, Gen. 1:5."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Must we keep it?", "answer": "Yes: Verily my sabbaths ye shall keep, Exod. 31:13."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Must we keep it as a treasure?", "answer": "Yes: We must call the sabbath honourable, Isa. 58:13."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And keep it as a talent?", "answer": "Yes: For thou madest known unto them thy holy sabbaths, Neh. 9:14."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Must we keep it with care?", "answer": "Yes: We must lay hold on it, to keep the sabbath from polluting it, Isa. 56:2."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Must we keep it holy to God?", "answer": "Yes: For he that regardeth the day, regardeth it to the Lord, Rom. 14:6."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "59", "sort_key": 59, "question": "Which day of the seven has God appointed to be the weekly sabbath?", "answer": "From the beginning of the world to the resurrection of Christ, God appointed the seventh day of the week to be the weekly sabbath, and the first day of the week ever since, to continue to the end of the world, which is the Christian sabbath.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Was the sabbath appointed from the beginning of the world?", "answer": "Yes: God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it when the heavens and the earth were finished, Gen. 2:1-3."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Was it in remembrance of the work of creation?", "answer": "Yes: Because that in it he rested from all his work, Gen. 2:3."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Was it observed before the giving of the law upon mount Sinai?", "answer": "Yes: For before that it was said, Tomorrow is the rest of the holy sabbath to the Lord, Exod. 16:23."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Was that appointed to be kept on the seventh day of the week?", "answer": "Yes: For he spake of the seventh day on this wise, Heb. 4:4."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Was the law of the sabbath given more particularly to Israel?", "answer": "Yes: I gave them my sabbath to be a sign between me and them, Ezek. 20:12."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Was it religiously observed among them?", "answer": "Yes: For their enemies did mock at their sabbaths, Lam. 1:7."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Did they sanctify the sabbath in solemn assemblies?", "answer": "Yes: Moses of old time is read in the synagogues every sabbath day, Acts 15:21."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Was the blessing confined to the seventh day?", "answer": "No: For the Lord blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it, Exod. 20:11."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Was the sabbath to continue in gospel times?", "answer": "Yes: For there remaineth the keeping of a sabbath to the people of God, Heb. 4:9 marg."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Did Christ intend it should continue?", "answer": "Yes: For he said, Pray that your flight be not on the sabbath day, Matt. 24:20."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Did he in order to that expound the fourth commandment?", "answer": "Yes: For he allowed that it is lawful to do well upon the sabbath day, Matt. 12:12."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Is there the same need of sabbaths now that ever there was?", "answer": "Yes: For I gave them my sabbaths that they might know that I am the Lord, Ezek. 20:12."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is the sabbath changed now to the first day of the week?", "answer": "Yes: For on the first day of the week the disciples came together to break bread, Acts 20:7."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Was it because on that day of the week our Lord Jesus rose from the dead?", "answer": "Yes: For he rose as it began to dawn towards the first day of the week, Matt. 28:1."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And because on that day the Spirit was poured out?", "answer": "Yes: For that was when the day of Pentecost was fully come, Acts. 2:1."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Was it fit there should be an alteration?", "answer": "Yes: For it shall no more be said, The Lord liveth that brought up the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt; but the Lord liveth that brought them up from the land of the north, Jer. 16:14, 15."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Did the apostles observe the first day of the week?", "answer": "Yes: On the first day of the week let everyone lay by, 1 Cor. 16:2."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Did the primitive church call it the Lord's day?", "answer": "Yes: I was in the Spirit on the Lord's day, Rev. 1:10."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "In a thing of this nature ought we to acquiesce?", "answer": "Yes: For if any man will be contentious, we have no such custom, neither the churches of God, 1 Cor. 11:16."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "60", "sort_key": 60, "question": "How is the sabbath to be sanctified?", "answer": "The sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy resting all that day, even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful in other days; and spending the whole time in the public and private exercises of God's worship, except so much as is to be taken up in the works of necessity and mercy.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Must we rest on the sabbath day?", "answer": "Yes: Six days may work be done, but in the seventh is the sabbath of rest, Exod 31:15."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Must we rest from worldly employments?", "answer": "Yes: Ye shall hallow the sabbath day, to do no work therein, Jer. 17:24."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "And from recreations?", "answer": "Yes: Not finding thine own pleasure, Isa. 58:13."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Is this to signify our being dead to this world?", "answer": "Yes: For he that is entered into his rest has ceased from his own works, Heb. 4:10."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "And to awaken us to think of leaving it?", "answer": "Yes: For here we have no continuing city, Heb. 13:14."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "Must this rest be dedicated to God?", "answer": "Yes: It is a holy day, a sabbath of rest to the Lord, Exod. 35:2."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Must we spend time on that day in the public exercises of God's worship?", "answer": "Yes: For it is a holy convocation, Lev. 23:3."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Must we do so every sabbath, as we have opportunity?", "answer": "Yes: From one sabbath to another shall all flesh come to worship before me, saith the Lord, Isa. 66:23."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "And must we not absent ourselves from public worship?", "answer": "No: Not forsaking the assembling of yourselves together, Heb. 10:25."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Must we spend time on that day in the private exercises of religion?", "answer": "Yes: It is the sabbath of the Lord in all your dwellings, Lev. 23:3."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Did the disciples of Christ thus spend the first Lord's day?", "answer": "Yes: For on the first day of the week the disciples were assembled, John 20:19."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Must we prepare for the sabbath day beforehand?", "answer": "Yes: It was the preparation, and the sabbath drew on, Luke 23:54."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Must the sabbath be a day of holy joy?", "answer": "Yes: We will rejoice and be glad in it, Ps. 118:24."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Must it be a day of praise?", "answer": "Yes: The psalm for the sabbath day begins, It is a good thing to give thanks to the Lord, Ps. 92:1."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Must we be spiritual in the duties of the day?", "answer": "Yes: I was in the Spirit on the Lord's day, Rev. 1:10."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "And must we take pleasure in them?", "answer": "Yes: Call the Sabbath a delight, Isa. 58:13."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Are works of mercy and charity proper for a sabbath day?", "answer": "Yes: Ought not this woman to be loosed from this bond on the sabbath day, Luke 13:16."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "And may works of necessity be done on that day?", "answer": "Yes: Do not you on the sabbath lead your ox, or your ass, to watering, Luke 13:15."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "61", "sort_key": 61, "question": "What is forbidden in the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The fourth commandment forbids the omission, or careless performance, of the duties required, profaning the day by idleness: or doing that which is in itself sinful, or by unnecessary thoughts, words, or works, about worldly employments or recreations.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Do we profane the sabbath if we neglect the sabbath work?", "answer": "Yes: I came seeking fruit, but found none, Luke 13:7."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Or if we perform carelessly?", "answer": "Yes: Ye brought that which was torn, and the lame, and the sick, Mal. 1:13."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Or if we be weary of it?", "answer": "Yes: They say, When will the sabbath be gone? Amos 8:5."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Or if we idle away sabbath time?", "answer": "Yes: Why stead ye here all the day idle? Matt. 20:6."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "And much more if we do that which is in itself sinful?", "answer": "Yes: They have defiled my sanctuary in the same day, and have profaned my sabbaths, Ezek. 23:38."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Do we profane the sabbath by violating the sabbath rest?", "answer": "Yes: What evil thing is this that ye do, and profane the sabbath day? Neh. 13:17."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "May we not buy and sell on that day?", "answer": "No: Make not my Father's house a house of merchandise, John 2:16."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "May we not work harvest-work on that day?", "answer": "No: In earing-time, and in harvest, thou shall rest, Exod. 34:21."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "May we not however think and speak at our pleasure on that day?", "answer": "No: Not doing thine own ways, nor speaking thine own words, Isa. 58:13."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Was he punished that gathered sticks on the sabbath?", "answer": "Yes: They stoned him with stones that he died, Numb. 15:36."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Are nations sometimes punished for sabbath profanation?", "answer": "Yes: If ye will not hallow the sabbath day, I will kindle a fire in the gates of Jerusalem Jer. 17:27."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Is the contempt of the sabbath a contempt of God?", "answer": "Yes: This man is not of God, because he keepeth not the sabbath day, John 9:16."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "62", "sort_key": 62, "question": "What are the reasons annexed to the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The reasons annexed to the fourth commandment are, God's allowing us six days of the week for our own employments, his claiming a special property in the seventh, his own example, and his blessing the sabbath day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Has God allowed us six days of the week?", "answer": "Yes: Six days shalt thou labour and do all thy work."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Has he reserved but one day in seven for himself?", "answer": "Yes: For he hath not made us to serve with an offering, nor wearied us with incense, Isa. 43:23."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Does he claim a special property in the seventh day?", "answer": "Yes: It is the sabbath of the Lord thy God."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Has our Lord Jesus a property in it?", "answer": "Yes: For the Son of man is Lord also of the sabbath, Mark 2:28."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Ought we not therefore to devote it to his service?", "answer": "Yes: For will a man rob God? Mal. 3:8."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Did God the Creator set us an example of sabbath rest?", "answer": "Yes: For the seventh day he rested and was refreshed, Exod. 31:17."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Did God the Redeemer set us an example of sabbath work?", "answer": "Yes: For as his custom was, he went into the synagogue on the sabbath day, Luke 4:16."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "And has he given us encouragement in the work of the Christian sabbath?", "answer": "Yes: For when they were assembled on the first day of the week, Jesus stood in the midst, John 20:19."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Has God blessed the sabbath day, and so put an honour upon it?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord blessed the sabbath day and hallowed it."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Is it not an ill thing then for us to put a slight upon it?", "answer": "Yes: As they do that despise the holy things, and profane the sabbath, Ezek. 22:8."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Has God appointed it to be a day of blessings to us?", "answer": "Yes: There will I come to thee, and will bless thee, Exod. 20:24."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Are not they enemies to themselves then that neglect it?", "answer": "Yes: They forsake their own mercies, Jonah 2:8."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "63", "sort_key": 63, "question": "What is the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The fifth commandment is, Honour thy father and thy mother, that thy days may be long in the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Do the six last commandments concern our duty to our neighbour?", "answer": "Yes: For this is his commandment, That we love one another, 1 John 3:23."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "And must we mind that as well as our duty to God?", "answer": "Yes: Providing for honest things, not only. in the sight of the Lord, but in the sight of men, 2 Cor. 8:21."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "And are we concerned to be very careful in second-table duties?", "answer": "Yes: That the name of God, and his doctrine, be not blasphemed, 1 Tim. 6:1."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Will our devotions be acceptable without this?", "answer": "No: When ye make many prayers I will not hear, for your hands are full of blood, Isa 1:15."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is religion toward God a branch of universal righteousness?", "answer": "Yes: Render to God the things that are God's, Matt. 22:21."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "And his righteousness toward men a branch of true religion?", "answer": "Yes: For pure religion and undefiled before God and the Father is this, to visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, Jam. 1:27."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Does the law of God require both?", "answer": "Yes: To do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God, Mic. 6:8."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "And does the grace of the gospel teach both?", "answer": "Yes: To live soberly, righteously, and godly in this present world, Tit. 2:12."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Must every godly man then be an honest man?", "answer": "Yes: For we must live in all godliness and honesty, 1 Tim. 2:2."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "And must he be a charitable man?", "answer": "Yes: He is gracious, and full of compassion, and righteous, Ps. 112:4."}, {"item_id": "2g", "question": "And will the trial be by this at the great day?", "answer": "Yes: For I was hungry, and ye gave me meat, Matt. 25:35."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Does the fifth commandment concern our duty to our relations?", "answer": "Yes: For all ye are brethren, Matt. 23:8."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And must we be careful to do this duty?", "answer": "Yes: That they who will not be won by the word, may be won by the conversation, 1 Pet. 3:1."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "64", "sort_key": 64, "question": "What is required in the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The fifth commandment requires the preserving the honour, and performing the duty, which belongs to every one in their several places and relations, as superiors, inferiors, or equals.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is it the duty of children to reverence their parents?", "answer": "Yes: Ye shall fear every man his mother, and his father, Lev. 19:3."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "And must they give honour to them?", "answer": "Yes: If I be a father, where is my honour? Mal. 1:6."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "And may they upon no account despise them?", "answer": "No: Despise not thy mother when she is old, Prov. 23:22."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Ought they to carry themselves respectfully towards them?", "answer": "Yes: King Solomon rose up to meet his mother, and bowed himself to her, 1 Kings 2:19."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "And to speak honourably of them?", "answer": "Yes: Her children rose up, and called her blessed, Prov. 31:28."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is it the duty of children to obey their parents?", "answer": "Yes: Children, obey your parents in the Lord, Eph. 6:1."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "And to receive their instructions?", "answer": "Yes: Hear the instruction of thy father, and forsake not the law of thy mother, Prov. 1:8."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "And to submit to their correction?", "answer": "Yes: The fathers of our flesh corrected us, and we gave them reverence, Heb. 12:9."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Should children labour to rejoice the hearts of their parents?", "answer": "Yes: My son, if thy heart be wise, my heart shall rejoice, Prov. 23:15."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "And to requite them?", "answer": "Yes: Let them show piety at home, and requite their parents, 1 Tim. 5:4."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "And to have their consent in disposing of themselves?", "answer": "Yes: Jacob obeyed his father, and his mother, and went to Padan-aram, for a wife, Gen 28:7."}, {"item_id": "2g", "question": "Is Christ an example of this subjection?", "answer": "Yes: For he went with his parents to Nazareth, and was subject to them, Luke 2:51."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is it the duty of children to be respectful to the aged?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shall rise up before the hoary head, and honour the face of the old man, Lev. 19:32."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And must they be observant of their teachers?", "answer": "Yes: For they will mourn at the last, who obey not the voice of their teachers, and incline not their ear to them that instruct them, Prov. 5:11,13."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And must they order themselves lowly and reverently to all their betters?", "answer": "Yes: Ye younger, submit yourselves to the elder, 1 Pet. 5:5."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is it the duty of parents to be tender of their children?", "answer": "Yes; For can a woman forget her sucking child? Isa. 49:15."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "And mild toward them?", "answer": "Yes; For a father pities his children, Ps. 103:13."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And to bear with them?", "answer": "Yes: As a man spares his son that serves him, Mal. 3:17."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "And yet must they correct them when it is necessary?", "answer": "Yes; For he that spares his rod hates his son; but he that loves him, chastens him betimes, Prov. 13:24."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Is it the duty of parents to pray for their children?", "answer": "Yes: Job offered for his sons burnt-offerings, according to the number of them all, Job 1:5."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "And to bless God for them?", "answer": "Yes: They are the children which God hath graciously given thy servant, Gen. 33:5."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Are they to bless them in the name of the lord?", "answer": "Yes: By faith Isaac blessed Jacob and Esau, Heb. 11:20."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "And are they to provide for them what is convenient?", "answer": "Yes: If any provide not for his own, especially for those of his own house, he hath denied the faith, and is worse than an infidel, 1 Tim. 5:8."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Is it the duty of parents to bring up their children in the fear of God?", "answer": "Yes: Bring them up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord, Eph. 6:4."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "And to teach them the things of God?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, Deut. 6:7."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "And to oblige them to their duty?", "answer": "Yes: I know Abraham, that he will command his children to keep the way of the Lord, Gen. 18:19."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "And ought they to set them a good example?", "answer": "Yes: I will walk within my house with a perfect heart, Ps. 101:2."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "And must they patiently part with their children when God calls for them?", "answer": "Yes: Thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son, Gen. 22:16."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Is it the duty of servants to honour their masters and mistresses?", "answer": "Yes: Let as many servants as are under the yoke, count their own masters worthy of all honour, 1 Tim. 6:1."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "Is it their duty to obey them?", "answer": "Yes: Servants be obedient to them that are your masters, Eph. 6:5."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "And to be just and true to them?", "answer": "Yes: Not purloining, but showing all good fidelity, Titus 2:10."}, {"item_id": "7d", "question": "Ought they to be diligent in the duty of their place though they suffer unjustly?", "answer": "Yes: Servants be subject not only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward, 1 Pet. 2:18."}, {"item_id": "7e", "question": "And must they have an eye to God in all?", "answer": "Yes: As to the Lord, and not to men, Col. 3:23."}, {"item_id": "8a", "question": "Is it the duty of masters to be just to their servants?", "answer": "Yes: Masters give to your servants that which is just and equal, Col. 4:1."}, {"item_id": "8b", "question": "And to be gentle towards them?", "answer": "Yes: Forbearing threatening, Eph. 6:9."}, {"item_id": "8c", "question": "Should all masters of families worship God with their families?", "answer": "Yes: As for me and my house, we will serve the Lord, Josh. 24:15."}, {"item_id": "8d", "question": "And should they restrain sin in their families?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shalt put away iniquity far from thy tabernacle, Job 22:28."}, {"item_id": "9a", "question": "Is it the duty of wives to be respectful to their husbands?", "answer": "Yes: Let the wife see that she reverence her husband, Eph. 5:33."}, {"item_id": "9b", "question": "And to love them?", "answer": "Yes: They must love their husbands, and love their children, Tit. 2:4."}, {"item_id": "9c", "question": "Must they be submissive to their husbands?", "answer": "Yes: Wives submit yourselves to your own husbands, as it is fit in the Lord, Col. 3:18."}, {"item_id": "9d", "question": "Must they be faithful and obedient to them?", "answer": "Yes: They must be chaste keepers at home, obedient to their own husbands, Tit. 2:5."}, {"item_id": "9e", "question": "Must they receive instruction from them?", "answer": "Yes: If they will learn any thing, let them ask their husbands at home, 1 Cor. 14:35."}, {"item_id": "9f", "question": "Must they be helpers to them in religion?", "answer": "Yes: That they may be won by the conversation of the wives, 1 Pet. 3:1."}, {"item_id": "10a", "question": "Is it the duty of husbands to love their wives?", "answer": "Yes: Husbands, love your wives, and be not bitter against them Col. 3:19."}, {"item_id": "10b", "question": "Must they love them dearly?", "answer": "Yes: Let every one love his wife even as himself, Eph. 5:33."}, {"item_id": "10c", "question": "And delight in them?", "answer": "Yes: Rejoice with the wife of thy youth, Prov. 5:18, 19."}, {"item_id": "10d", "question": "And be tender of them?", "answer": "Yes: Giving honour to the wife, as unto the weaker vessel, 1 Pet. 3:7."}, {"item_id": "11a", "question": "Is it the duty of husbands and wives to be pleasing one to another?", "answer": "Yes: He that is married careth how to please his wife, and she that is married how to please her husband, 1 Cor. 7:33,34."}, {"item_id": "11b", "question": "Is it their duty to live in the fear of God, and to pray together?", "answer": "Yes: As heirs together of the grace of life, that your prayers be not hindered, 1 Pet. 3:7."}, {"item_id": "11c", "question": "Should they promote the eternal salvation one of another?", "answer": "Yes: What knowest thou, O wife, whether thou shalt save thy husband? Or how knowest thou O man, whether thou shalt save thy wife? 1 Cor. 7:16."}, {"item_id": "12a", "question": "Is it the duty of subjects to reverence their magistrates?", "answer": "Yes: Fear God, honour the king, 1 Pet. 2:17."}, {"item_id": "12b", "question": "And to obey them in the Lord?", "answer": "Yes: We must be subject to principalities and powers, and obey magistrates, Tit. 3:1."}, {"item_id": "12c", "question": "And to be loyal to them?", "answer": "Yes: For the powers that be are ordained of God, Rom. 13:1."}, {"item_id": "12d", "question": "Is it our duty to pray for magistrates?", "answer": "Yes: For kings, and for all that are in authority, 1 Tim. 2:2."}, {"item_id": "12e", "question": "And to pay them tribute?", "answer": "Yes: Tribute to whom tribute is due, custom to whom custom, Rom. 13:7."}, {"item_id": "12f", "question": "Must we be peaceable under their government?", "answer": "Yes: That we under them may lead a quiet and peaceable life, 1 Tim. 2:2."}, {"item_id": "12g", "question": "And all this conscientiously?", "answer": "Yes: Ye must needs be subject, not only for wrath, but also for conscience' sake, Rom. 13:5."}, {"item_id": "12h", "question": "Ought magistrates to be as parents to their subjects?", "answer": "Yes: Kings shall be thy nursing fathers, and queens thy nursing mothers, Isa. 49:23."}, {"item_id": "13a", "question": "Is it the duty of people to love and respect their ministers?", "answer": "Yes: Know them which labour among you, and esteem them very highly in love, for their work's sake, 1 Thess. 5:12,13."}, {"item_id": "13b", "question": "Ought they to submit to their instructions?", "answer": "Yes: Obey your guides, and submit yourselves, for they watch for your souls, Heb. 13:7."}, {"item_id": "13c", "question": "And to provide for their comfortable subsistence?", "answer": "Yes: Let him that is taught in the word communicate to him that teacheth, Gal. 6:6."}, {"item_id": "13d", "question": "And ought ministers to be as spiritual fathers to their people?", "answer": "Yes: We exhorted, and comforted, and charged every one of you, as a father doth his children, 1 Thess. 2:11."}, {"item_id": "14a", "question": "Is it the duty of equals to be kind one to another?", "answer": "Yes: Be kindly affectioned one to another, with brotherly love, Rom. 12:10."}, {"item_id": "14b", "question": "And to be respectful one to another?", "answer": "Yes: In honour preferring one another, Rom. 12:10."}, {"item_id": "14c", "question": "And to be submissive one to another?", "answer": "Yes: Yea, all of ye, be subject one to another, 1 Pet. 5:5."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "65", "sort_key": 65, "question": "What is forbidden in the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The fifth commandment forbids the neglecting of, or doing any thing against, the honour and duty which belongs to every one in their several places and relations.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is it a sin for children to despise their parents?", "answer": "Yes: Cursed be he that sets light by his father or mother, Deut. 27:16."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Or to disobey them?", "answer": "Yes: The eye that mocks at his father, and despiseth to obey his mother, the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, and the young eagles shall eat it, Prov. 30:17."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is it a sin for children prodigally to spend their parents' substance?", "answer": "Yes: He that wasteth his father, and chaseth away his mother, is a son that causeth shame, Prov. 29:16."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Or to grieve their parents?", "answer": "Yes: A foolish son is the heaviness of his mother, Prov. 10:1."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is it a sin for inferiors to be rude and undutiful to their superiors?", "answer": "Yes: For a child to behave himself proudly against the ancient, and the base against the honourable, Isa. 3:5."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is it a sin for superiors to be harsh and unkind to their inferiors?", "answer": "Yes: Fathers, provoke not your children to wrath, lest they be discouraged, Col. 3:21."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is it a sin to be vexatious to our relations?", "answer": "Yes: Her adversary provoked her to make her to fret, 1 Sam. 1:6."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And to be quarrelsome with our relations?", "answer": "Yes: Let there be no strife, I pray thee, between me and thee, and between my herdmen and thy herdmen, for we be brethren, Gen. 13:8."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And to be suspicious of our relations?", "answer": "Yes: For charity thinketh no evil, 1 Cor. 13:4, 5."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "66", "sort_key": 66, "question": "What is the reason annexed to the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The reason annexed to the filth commandment is a promise of long life and prosperity (as far as it shall serve for God's glory and their own good) to all such as keep this commandment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is there a gracious promise made to those that honour their parents?", "answer": "Yes: It is the first commandment with promise, Eph. 6:2."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is long life promised?", "answer": "Yes: That thy days may be long in the land."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is outward prosperity promised?", "answer": "Yes: That it may be well with thee, Eph. 6:3."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Are temporal blessings promised to good people?", "answer": "Yes: Godliness hath the promise of the life that now is, 1 Tim. 4:8."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "And are they promised particularly to pious and dutiful children?", "answer": "Yes: My son, forget not my law, but let thine heart keep my commandments; for length of days, and long life, and peace shall they add to thee, Prov. 3:1, 2."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Do all good children prosper in this world?", "answer": "No: For all things come alike to all, Eccl. 9:2."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "But are they most likely to prosper?", "answer": "Yes: For by humility and the fear of the Lord are riches, honour and life, Prov. 22:4."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Shall they prosper as far as is for God's glory?", "answer": "Yes: I will deliver thee, and thou shalt glorify me, Ps. 50:15."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "And as far as is for their own good?", "answer": "Yes: For we read of those whom God sent into captivity for their good, Jer. 24:5."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "But shall good children live for ever in, the heavenly Canaan?", "answer": "Yes: There their inheritance shall be for ever, Ps. 37:18."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "And are disobedient children often punished in this life?", "answer": "Yes: As Absalom that was hanged in an oak, 2 Sam. 18:9."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "67", "sort_key": 67, "question": "What is the sixth commandment?", "answer": "The sixth commandment is, Thou shall not kill.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Does the sixth commandment concern our own and our neighbour's life?", "answer": "Yes: For the life is more than meat, Matt. 6:25."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Has God a tender regard to the life of men?", "answer": "Yes: For he giveth to all life and breath, Acts 17:25."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Has he by this law made a hedge about life?", "answer": "Yes: That men might not be like the fishes of the sea, Habak. 1:14."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Did there need be this law?", "answer": "Yes: For men live in malice and envy, hateful, and hating one another, Tit. 3:3."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is it a part of the law of nature?", "answer": "Yes: For the barbarous people said of a murderer, that vengeance suffers him not to live, Acts 28:4."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "68", "sort_key": 68, "question": "What is required in the sixth commandment?", "answer": "The sixth commandment requires all lawful endeavours to preserve our own life, and the life of others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Are we to take care of our own lives?", "answer": "Yes: No man ever yet hated his own flesh, but nourisheth and cherisheth it, Eph. 5:29."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Must we endeavour the preservation of them?", "answer": "Yes: Skin for skin, yea, all that a man hath will he give for his life, Job 2:4."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Are we to be careful of our diet?", "answer": "Yes: Hast thou found honey, eat so much as is sufficient for thee, Prov. 25:16."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Are we to use physic when we need it?", "answer": "Yes: Take a lump of figs and lay it upon the boil, Isa. 38:21."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "And are we to be cheerful?", "answer": "Yes: For a merry heart doeth good like a medicine, Prov. 17:22."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "But may we deny Christ to save our lives?", "answer": "No: He that so saveth his life shall lose it, Matt. 16:25."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "May we commit any wilful sin to save our lives?", "answer": "No: We must do no evil that good may come, Rom. 3:8."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "But what we do for the preservation of our own lives, must it be with an eye to God's glory?", "answer": "Yes: That I may live, and keep thy word, Ps. 119:17. Live and praise thee, Ps. 119:175."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Are we to be compassionate even to the brute creatures?", "answer": "Yes: A righteous man regardeth the life of his beast, Prov. 12:10."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Are we to be careful of the lives of others as well as of our own?", "answer": "Yes: It was Cain that said, Am I my brother's keeper? Gen. 4:9."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Are we to do what we can in our places for the relief of those who are exposed to violence?", "answer": "Yes: We must deliver them that are ready to be slain, Prov. 24:11,12."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Must we succour the distressed, like the good Samaritan?", "answer": "Yes: Go thou and do likewise, Luke 10:87."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Are we to support the lives of those who are in straits?", "answer": "Yes: The blessing of him that was ready to perish came upon me, Job 29:13."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Are we to be meek towards those that provoke us?", "answer": "Yes: Showing all meekness toward all men, Titus 3:2."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And are we to be merciful toward those who need us?", "answer": "Yes: Put on, as the elect of God, bowels of mercy, Col. 3:12."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "69", "sort_key": 69, "question": "What is forbidden in the sixth commandment?", "answer": "The sixth commandment forbids the taking away of our own life, or the life of our neighbour unjustly, and whatsoever tends thereunto.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "May we dispose of our own lives at our pleasure?", "answer": "No: For surely your blood of your lives will I require, Gen. 9:5."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is it a sin in any case to kill ourselves?", "answer": "Yes: Do thyself no harm, Acts 16:28."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is it an exceeding sinful sin?", "answer": "Yes: It was the sin of Saul and Judas, Sam. 31:4. Matt. 27:5."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Is it a sin needlessly to expose our own lives?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shall not tempt the Lord thy God, Matt. 4:7."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "But must we not expose our lives to keep a good conscience?", "answer": "Yes: Neither count I my life dear unto me, so that I might finish my course with joy, Acts 20:24."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is drunkenness a sin against our own lives?", "answer": "Yes: Take heed lest your hearts be overcharged with surfeiting and drunkenness, and so that day come upon you unawares, Luke 21:34."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is uncleanness so?", "answer": "Yes: He that commits fornication sins against his own body, 1 Cor. 6:18."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is immoderate care and grief a sin against our own lives?", "answer": "Yes: For the sorrow of the world worketh death, 2 Cor. 7:10."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is it lawful for the magistrate to take away the life of a malefactor?", "answer": "Yes: For he bears not the sword in vain, Rom. 13:4."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "May soldiers kill in a lawful war?", "answer": "Yes: Cursed is he that keepeth back his sword from blood, Jer. 48:10."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "But is wilful murder a great sin?", "answer": "Yes: The voice of thy brother's blood cries Gen. 4:10."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Is it an iniquity to be punished by the judge?", "answer": "Yes: Whoso sheds man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed, Gen. 9:6."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "And ought the murderer to be put to death?", "answer": "Yes: A man that doeth violence to the blood of any person shall flee to the pit; let no man stay him, Prov. 28:17."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is murder a great affront to God?", "answer": "Yes: For in the image of God made he man, Gen. 9:6."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Does it make men like the devil?", "answer": "Yes: For he was a murderer from the beginning, John 8:44."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Is it of dangerous consequence to the murderer?", "answer": "Yes: For no murderer hath eternal life abiding in him, 1 John 3:15."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Ought we therefore to pray that God would keep us from it?", "answer": "Yes: Deliver me from bloodguiltiness, O God of my salvation, Ps. 51:14."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Is malice heart-murder?", "answer": "Yes: Lie that hateth his brother is a murderer, 1 John 3:15."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Is rash anger a breach of this commandment?", "answer": "Yes: But I say unto you, Whosoever is angry with his brother without cause, shall be in danger of the judgment, Matt. 5:22."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Is giving foul language a breach of this commandment?", "answer": "Yes: Whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, or Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire, Matt. 5:22."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Is revenge a breach of this commandment?", "answer": "Yes: Dearly beloved, avenge not yourselves, Rom. 12:19."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "70", "sort_key": 70, "question": "What is the seventh commandment?", "answer": "The seventh commandment is, Thou shalt not commit adultery.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Does this commandment concern our own and our neighhour's chastity?", "answer": "Yes: For this is the will of God, even our sanctification, 1 Thess. 4:3."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is it needful there should be such a commandment?", "answer": "Yes: For since all are gone aside, they are all become filthy, Ps. 14:3."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is it agreeable to the light of nature?", "answer": "Yes: For Abimelech called adultery a great sin, Gen. 20:9."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "And is this command for the public good of mankind?", "answer": "Yes: For whoredom and wine take away the heart, Hos. 4:11."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "71", "sort_key": 71, "question": "What is required in the seventh commandment?", "answer": "The seventh commandment requires the preservation of our own and our neighbour's chastity, in heart, speech, and behaviour.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is it our duty to keep our bodies pure from all fleshly lusts?", "answer": "Yes: We must possess our vessel in sanctification and honour, and not in the lust of concupiscence, 1 Thess. 4:4."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Are we to present our bodies to God?", "answer": "Yes: Present your bodies unto God a living sacrifice, Rom. 12:1."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Are we to glorify him with them?", "answer": "Yes: Glorify God with your bodies, 1 Cor. 6:20."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Are we to use them for him?", "answer": "Yes: For your body is the temple of the Holy Ghost, which is in you, 1 Cor. 6:19."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "And to employ them in his service?", "answer": "Yes: Yield your members as instruments of righteousness unto God, Rom. 6:13."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "May they then be used in the service of our lusts?", "answer": "No: For if any man defile the temple of God, him shall God destroy, 1 Cor. 3:17."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Ought we to preserve our chastity in heart?", "answer": "Yes: That we may be holy both in body and spirit, 1 Cor. 7:34."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "And must we keep out all unclean thoughts and desires?", "answer": "Yes: We must flee youthful lusts, 2 Tim. 2:22."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "And is that the way to prevent the acts of uncleanness?", "answer": "Yes: For when lust hath conceived, it brings forth sin, James 1:15."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Ought we to preserve our chastity in speech?", "answer": "Yes: Let your speech be always with grace, seasoned with salt, Col. 4:6."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Is it the character of good people to be modest?", "answer": "Yes: I will turn to the people a pure language, Zeph. 3:9."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Ought we to preserve our chastity in behaviour?", "answer": "Yes: We must have a chaste conversation coupled with fear, 1 Pet. 3:2."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "And in our clothing?", "answer": "Yes: Women must adorn themselves in modest apparel, with shamefacedness and sobriety, 1 Tim. 2:9."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Must we abstain from all appearances of uncleanness?", "answer": "Yes: Hating even the garment spotted with the flesh, Jude 1:23."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "And from all approaches to it?", "answer": "Yes: Come not nigh the door of her house, Prov. 5:8."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Must we resolve against wanton looks?", "answer": "Yes: I made a covenant with mine eyes; why then, should I think upon a maid? Job 31:1."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Must we always keep our bodies in soberness and chastity?", "answer": "Yes: We must cleanse ourselves from all filthiness both of flesh and spirit, 2 Cor. 7:1."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "And must we crucify all the lusts of the flesh?", "answer": "Yes: They that are Christ's have crucified the flesh, Gal. 5:24."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Must the body be subdued?", "answer": "Yes: I keep under my body, and bring it into subjection, 1 Cor. 9:27."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "And must its sinful desires be denied?", "answer": "Yes: If thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out, and cast it from thee, Matt. 5:29."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "72", "sort_key": 72, "question": "What is forbidden in the seventh commandment?", "answer": "The seventh commandment forbids all unchaste thoughts, words, and actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is adultery a very great sin?", "answer": "Yes: How can I do this great wickedness, and sin against God? Gen. 29:9."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is it an iniquity to be punished by the judge?", "answer": "Yes: The adulterer and the adulteress shall surely be put to death, Lev. 20:10."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is fornication a very great sin?", "answer": "Yes: Fornication, and all uncleanness, let it not be once named among you, Eph. 5:3."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Will these sins certainly shut men out of heaven, if they be not repented of and forsaken?", "answer": "Yes: For fornicators and adulterers shall not inherit the kingdom of God, 1 Cor. 6:10."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Are unclean thoughts sins?", "answer": "Yes: For whosoever looketh on a woman, to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart, Matt. 5:28."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Are unclean reflections sins?", "answer": "Yes: For some multiply their whoredoms by calling to remembrance the days of their youth, Ezek. 23:19."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Are unclean desires sins?", "answer": "Yes: Inordinate affection, and evil concupiscence, are to be mortified in us, Col. 3:5."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "And must all fleshly lusts be shunned?", "answer": "Yes: Dearly beloved, I beseech you, as strangers and pilgrims, abstain from fleshly lusts, 1 Pet. 2:11."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Are unclean words sin?", "answer": "Yes: For there must be neither filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, Eph. 5:4."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Must we therefore take heed of speaking any filthy words?", "answer": "Yes: Let no corrupt communication proceed out of your mouth, Eph. 4:29."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "May we take delight in hearing filthy talk?", "answer": "No: For evil communications corrupt good manners, 1 Cor. 15:33."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Are all unchaste actions forbidden in this commandment?", "answer": "Yes: Not only adultery and fornication, but uncleanness and lasciviousness (Gal. 5:19), chambering and wantonness, Rom. 13:13."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Are the occasions of uncleanness here forbidden?", "answer": "Yes: Have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, Eph. 5:11."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Is all uncleanness provoking to God?", "answer": "Yes: For I the Lord am holy, Lev. 20:26."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Is it against our bodies?", "answer": "Yes: For the body is not for fornication, but for the Lord, 1 Cor. 6:13."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Is it a wrong to our souls?", "answer": "Yes: For fleshly lusts war against the soul, 1 Pet. 2:11."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Is it wounding to conscience?", "answer": "Yes: I find more bitter than death the woman whose heart is snares and nets, Eccl. 7:26."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Are idleness and gluttony occasions of uncleanness, and forbidden in this commandment?", "answer": "Yes: For this was the iniquity of Sodom, pride, fulness of bread, and abundance of idleness, Ezek. 16:49."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "And is drunkenness also a sin of dangerous consequence?", "answer": "Yes: For drunkards shall not inherit the kingdom of God, 1 Cor. 6:10."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "73", "sort_key": 73, "question": "What is the eighth commandment?", "answer": "The eighth commandment is, Thou shalt not steal.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Does the eighth commandment concern our own and our neighbour's wealth and outward estate?", "answer": "Yes: For the earth God has given to the children of men, Ps. 115:16."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is it necessary there should be such a command?", "answer": "Yes: For every brother will utterly supplant, Jer. 9:4."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is robbing God the worst theft?", "answer": "Yes: Will a man rob God? Yet ye have robbed me, Mal. 3:8, 9."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "And is justice to God the highest justice?", "answer": "Yes: Render to God the things that are God's, Matt. 22:21."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "74", "sort_key": 74, "question": "What is required in the eighth commandment?", "answer": "The eighth commandment requires all lawful procuring and furthering our own and our neighbour's wealth and outward estate.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is religion a friend to outward prosperity?", "answer": "Yes: In wisdom's left hand are riches and honour, Prov. 3:16."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Does it teach us to be diligent in our callings?", "answer": "Yes: Be thou diligent to know the state of thy flocks, Prov. 27:23."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "And to keep close to them?", "answer": "Yes: Study to be quiet, and to do your own business, 1 Thess. 4:11."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "And is that the way to thrive?", "answer": "Yes: For the hand of the diligent maketh rich, Prov. 10:4."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Does religion teach us to be prudent in our affairs?", "answer": "Yes: The good man will guide his affairs with discretion, Ps. 112:5."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "And is that the way to thrive?", "answer": "Yes: For through wisdom is a house builded, Prov. 24:3."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Must we serve God with our worldly estate?", "answer": "Yes: Honour the Lord with thy substance, Prov. 3:9."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "And is that the way to thrive?", "answer": "Yes: So shall thy barn be filled with plenty, Prov. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Must we cheerfully use our estates?", "answer": "Yes: For I know no good in them, but for a man to rejoice, and to do good in his life, Eccl. 3:12."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "And must we cheerfully serve God with them?", "answer": "Yes: We must serve the Lord our God with joyfulness and gladness of heart in the abundance of all things, Deut. 28:47."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Must we be just to all we deal with?", "answer": "Yes: Render therefore to all their due, Rom. 13:7."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And must we give everybody their own?", "answer": "Yes: Owe no man any thing but to love one another, Rom. 13:8."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Must we be true to every trust reposed in us?", "answer": "Yes: As the workmen who dealt faithfully, 2 Kings 12:15."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "And is honesty the best policy?", "answer": "Yes: For a little that a righteous man hath, is better than the riches of many wicked, Ps. 37:16."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "And shall we have the comfort of it in this world?", "answer": "Yes: He that walketh righteously, and speaketh uprightly, that despiseth the gain of oppression and shaketh his hands from holding of bribes, shall dwell on high, his place of defence shall be in the munitions of rocks, bread shall be given him, and his waters shall he sure, Isa. 33:15, 16."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "If therefore we have done any wrong, must we make restitution?", "answer": "Yes: Zaccheus stood and said, If I have wronged any man, I restore him fourfold, Luke 19:8."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Must we concern ourselves for the welfare of others?", "answer": "Yes: Look not every one on his own things, but everyone also on the things of others, Phil. 2:4."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "And must we do all we can to promote the welfare of others?", "answer": "Yes; If thy brother's ox or ass go astray, thou shalt bring them back, Deut. 22:1."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Must we relieve the poor according to our ability?", "answer": "Yes; If thy brother be waxen poor, and fallen into decay with thee, then thou shalt relieve him, Lev. 25:35."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Must we be forward to relieve the poor?", "answer": "Yes: We must be ready to distribute, willing to communicate, 1 Tim. 6:18."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Is that the way to thrive in this world?", "answer": "Yes; For he that hath pity on the poor, lendeth to the Lord, and that which he hath given will he pay him again, Prov. 19:17."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "And shall it be repayed in the other world?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shalt be recompenses in the resurrection of the just, Luke 14:14."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "And must we make this use of what we have in the world?", "answer": "Yes: We must labour that we may have to give to him that needeth, Eph. 4:28."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "75", "sort_key": 75, "question": "What is forbidden in the eighth commandment?", "answer": "The eighth commandment forbids whatsoever does or may unjustly hinder our own or our neighbour's wealth, and outward estate.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "May we do what we will with our own estates?", "answer": "No: For we are but stewards of the manifold grace of God, 1 Pet. 4:10."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is it a sin then to waste our estates in prodigality?", "answer": "Yes: For the drunkard and glutton shall come to poverty, Prov. 23:31."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is luxury the way to beggary?", "answer": "Yes: He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man, Prov. 21:17."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Is slothfulness a robbing of ourselves?", "answer": "Yes: For he that is slothful in his work, is brother to him that is a great waster, Prov. 18:9."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "And is that the way to poverty?", "answer": "Yes: For drowsiness shall clothe a man with rags, Prov. 23:21."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is keeping idle company the way to poverty?", "answer": "Yes: For he that followeth after vain persons shall have poverty enough, Prov. 28:19."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is fraud and injustice the way to poverty?", "answer": "Yes: For wealth gotten by vanity shall be diminished, Prov. 13:11."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Can any expect to prosper in a way of unjust gain?", "answer": "No: For he that getteth riches, and not by right, shall leave them in the midst of his days, and at his end shall be a fool, Jer. 17:11."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Do men rob themselves and their families by foolishness in their affairs?", "answer": "Yes: For every wise woman buildeth her house, but the foolish plucketh it down with her hands, Prov. 14:1."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "And by rash suretyship?", "answer": "Yes: For he that is surety for a stranger shall smart for it, Prov. 11:15."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is it a sin to rob ourselves of the comfort of that which God has given us?", "answer": "Yes: If a man hath not power to eat of it, it is vanity, and an evil disease, Eccl. 6:2."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And is it a sin to deny it to our relations?", "answer": "Yes: If any provide not for those of his own house, he hath denied the faith, and is worse than an infidel, 1 Tim. 5:8."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is it a great sin to steal from anybody?", "answer": "Yes: For everyone that stealeth shall be cut off, Zech. 5:3."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Is it a great sin for children to steal from their parents?", "answer": "Yes: Whoso robbeth his father or his mother, and saith it is no transgression, the same is the companion of a destroyer, Prov. 28:24."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And for the rich to oppress the poor?", "answer": "Yes: Rob not the poor, because he is poor, Prov. 22:22."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Will you therefore keep your hands from picking and stealing?", "answer": "Yes: Because of the fear of God, Neh. 5:15."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Must those who have used themselves to it break it off?", "answer": "Yes: Let him that stole steal no more, Eph. 4:28."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Must poor people especially watch and pray against this temptation?", "answer": "Yes: Lest I be poor, and steal, Prov. 30:9."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Is it a sin to cheat anybody in a bargain?", "answer": "Yes: Let no man go beyond or defraud his brother in any matter, 1 Thess. 4:6."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Is it a sin to use false weights and measures?", "answer": "Yes: A false balance is abomination to the Lord, Prov. 11:1."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Is it a sin to give assistance or countenance to any fraud?", "answer": "Yes: Whoso is partner with a thief hateth his own soul, Prov. 29:24."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Is it a sin to deny relief to the poor?", "answer": "Yes: Whoso hath this world's goods, and seeth his brother have need, and shutteth up the bowels of his compassion from him, how dwelleth the love of God in that man? 1 John 3:17."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Is it a sin to deny the payment of a just debt?", "answer": "Yes: For the wicked borroweth, and payeth not again, Ps. 37:21."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Or withhold wages that is due?", "answer": "Yes: The hire of the labourers kept back by fraud crieth, James 5:4."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "And is the love of money the cause of all these sins?", "answer": "Yes: The love of money is the root of all evil, 1 Tim. 6:10."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "76", "sort_key": 76, "question": "What is the ninth commandment?", "answer": "The ninth commandment is, Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Does this commandment concern our own and our neighbouur's good name?", "answer": "Yes: For a good name is better than precious ointment, Eccl. 7:1."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is there need of this commandment?", "answer": "Yes: For every neighbour will walk with slanders, Jer. 9:4."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "77", "sort_key": 77, "question": "What is required in the ninth commandment?", "answer": "The ninth commandment requires the maintaining and promoting of truth between man and man, and of our own and our neighbour's good name, especially in witness-bearing.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is it our duty to govern our tongues?", "answer": "Yes: I said, I will take heed to my ways that I sin not with my tongue, Ps. 39:1."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is he a good Christian that does not?", "answer": "No: For if any man among you seem to be religious, and bridleth not his tongue, that man's religion is vain, James 1:26."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Must we therefore pray to God to keep us from tongue-sins?", "answer": "Yes: Set a watch, O Lord, before my mouth, Ps. 141:3."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is it our duty to speak truth?", "answer": "Yes: Speak ye every man the truth to his neighbour, Zech. 8:16."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is there good reason for it?", "answer": "Yes: For we are members one of another, Eph. 4:25."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "And is this the character of a good man?", "answer": "Yes: That he speaketh the truth in his heart, Ps. 15:2."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Are all truths to be spoken at all times?", "answer": "No: For there is a time to keep silence, and a time to speak, Eccl. 3:7."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "But may an untruth be spoken at any time?", "answer": "No: For God's people are children that will not lie, Isa. 63:8."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is it our duty, especially in witness-bearing, to speak truth?", "answer": "Yes: For a faithful witness will not lie, Prov. 14:5."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And the whole truth?", "answer": "Yes: Samuel told Eli every whit, and hid nothing from him, 1 Sam. 3:18."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And nothing but the truth?", "answer": "Yes: For a lying tongue is but for a moment, Prov. 12:19."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is it our duty to strive to have a good name with God?", "answer": "Yes: For not he that commendeth himself is approved, but whom the Lord commendeth, 2 Cor. 10:16."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "And should we endeavour to have a good name with good people?", "answer": "Yes: Let those that fear thee turn unto me, Ps. 119:79."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And if possible a good name with all people?", "answer": "Yes: Demetrius hath a good report of all men, 3 John 1:12."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Must we abound in those things that are of good report?", "answer": "Yes: If there be any virtue, if there be any praise, think on those things, Phil. 4:8."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "In order to our getting a good name must we live by faith?", "answer": "Yes: For by it the elders obtained a good report, Heb. 11:2."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Must we walk wisely?", "answer": "Yes: For a man's wisdom makes his face to shine, Eccl. 8:1."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Must we do justly?", "answer": "Yes: Having your conversation honest among the Gentiles, 1 Pet. 2:12."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "And be humble?", "answer": "Yes: For before honour is humility, Prov. 18:12."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "And must we abound in good works?", "answer": "Yes: Let your light so shine before men, Matt. 5:16."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "But can good people expect to have everyone's good word?", "answer": "No: Woe unto you when all men speak well of you, Luke 6:26."}, {"item_id": "5g", "question": "May we hazard a good conscience to preserve our reputation?", "answer": "No: For our praise is not of men, but of God, Rom. 2:29."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Ought we to be very tender of the good names of others?", "answer": "Yes: We must honour all men, 1 Pet. 2:17."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Must we give them the praise of that in them which is good?", "answer": "Yes: We also bear record, 3 John 1:12."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "But may we flatter them?", "answer": "No: He that speaketh flattery to his friends, even the eyes of his children shall fail, Job 17:5."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Must we charitably conceal their faults?", "answer": "Yes: For charity covers a multitude of sins, 1 Pet. 4:8."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "Must we discourage slandering and censoriousness?", "answer": "Yes: We must with an angry countenance drive away a backbiting tongue, Prov. 25:23."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "78", "sort_key": 78, "question": "What is forbidden in the ninth commandment?", "answer": "The ninth commandment forbids whatsoever is prejudicial to truth, or injurious to our own or our neighbour's good name.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is lying a great sin?", "answer": "Yes: Lie not one to another, seeing ye have put off the old man, Col. 3:9."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is it a sin that God hates?", "answer": "Yes: Lying lips are abomination to the Lord, Prov. 12:22."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "And is it a sin that all good men hate?", "answer": "Yes: I hate and abhor lying, Ps. 119:163."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Does it make men like the devil?", "answer": "Yes: For he is a liar, and the father of it, John 8:44."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "And will it bring them to hell?", "answer": "Yes: For all liars shall have their part in the lake that burns with fire and brimstone, Rev. 21:8."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is it lawful to tell a lie to make sport?", "answer": "No: For as a madman who casteth firebrands, arrows, and death, so is he that deceiveth his neighbour, and saith, Am not I in sport? Prov. 26:18, 19."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is it lawful to tell a lie to excuse a fault?", "answer": "No: For Gehazi for doing so had a leprosy entailed on him and his seed for ever, 2 Kings 5:27."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "May we tell a lie with intention to do good?", "answer": "No: We must not do evil, that good may come, Rom. 3:8."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Will what is got by lying do us any good?", "answer": "No: The getting of treasures by a lying tongue is vanity, tossed to and fro of them that seek death, Prov. 21:6."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Should we therefore pray against this sin?", "answer": "Yes: Remove from me the way of lying, Ps. 119:29."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is it a sin to belie ourselves?", "answer": "Yes: As there is that maketh himself poor, yet hath great riches, Prov. 13:7."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "May we be careless of our own good name?", "answer": "No: If I should say I know him not, I should be a liar like unto you, John 8:55."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is it a sin to belie our neighbour?", "answer": "Yes: They laid to my charge things that I know not, Ps. 35:11."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Is it folly?", "answer": "Yes: He that uttereth slander is a fool, Prov. 10:18."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Is it a sin to speak evil of any?", "answer": "Yes: Put them in mind to speak evil of no man, Tit. 3:1,2."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "And to be censorious of our brethren?", "answer": "Yes: Judge not, that ye be not judged, Matt. 7:1."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Is it a great offence to God to do this?", "answer": "Yes: He that speaks evil of his brother, and judgeth his brother, speaks evil of the law, and judgeth the law, James 4:11."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Does it make us like the devil?", "answer": "Yes: For he is the accuser of the brethren, Rev. 12:10."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Is it a sin to raise a false report?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shalt not raise a false report, Exod. 23:1."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "And a sin to spread it?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shalt not go up and down as a tale-bearer, Lev. 19:16."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "May we proclaim our brothers' faults?", "answer": "No: For charity rejoiceth not in iniquity, 1 Cor. 13:6."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Is it a sin to speak ill of magistrates?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shalt not speak evil of the ruler of thy people, Acts 23:5."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Is it a sin to be abusive to the poor?", "answer": "Yes: For he that mocketh the poor, reproacheth his Maker, Prov. 17:5."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "May we speak ill of those who speak ill of us?", "answer": "No: We must not render railing for railing, 1 Pet. 3:9."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "79", "sort_key": 79, "question": "What is the tenth commandment?", "answer": "The tenth commandment is, Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shall not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his man-servant, nor his maid-servant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Does this commandment lay a restraint upon the heart?", "answer": "Yes: For the law is spiritual, Rom. 7:14."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Does the heart need this restraint?", "answer": "Yes: For the inward part is very wickedness, Ps. 5:9."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Does the light of nature discover this?", "answer": "No: I had not known lust, except the law had said, Thou shalt not covet, Rom. 7:7."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Are we forbidden to covet another man's house?", "answer": "Yes: As they that covet houses and take them away, Mic. 2:2."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Or another man's wife?", "answer": "Yes: For her husband is to her a covering of the eyes, Gen. 20:16."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Or another man's goods?", "answer": "Yes: I have coveted no man's silver, or gold, or apparel, Acts 20:33."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "80", "sort_key": 80, "question": "What is required in the tenth commandment?", "answer": "The tenth commandment requires a full contentment with our own condition, with a right and charitable frame of spirit towards our neighbour, and all that is his.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Has God the disposal of our outward condition?", "answer": "Yes: My times are in thy hand, Ps. 31:15."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "And does he order all events concerning us?", "answer": "Yes: He performeth the thing that is appointed for us, Job 23:14."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Ought we therefore to be content with our condition?", "answer": "Yes: Be content with such things as you have, Heb. 13:5."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Ought we to be content in every condition?", "answer": "Yes: I have learned in whatsoever state I am, therewith to be content, Phil. 4:11."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Must we be content with a little?", "answer": "Yes: Having food and raiment, let us be therewith content, 1 Tim. 6:8."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Can we expect that our condition should be in every thing brought to our mind?", "answer": "No: For all is vanity, Eccl. 1:14."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is it therefore our wisdom to bring our mind to our condition?", "answer": "Yes: I know how to be abased, and I know how to abound, Phil. 4:12."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is anything got by this?", "answer": "Yes: Godliness with contentment is great gain, 1 Tim. 6:6."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "And is this the way to be easy?", "answer": "Yes: In your patience possess ye your souls, Luke 21:19."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is that best which is?", "answer": "Yes: It is the Lord, let him do what seemeth him good, 1 Sam. 3:18."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Must we therefore make the best of it?", "answer": "Yes: For wherefore should a living man complain? Lam. 3:39."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And must we acknowledge it is better than we deserve?", "answer": "Yes: I am not worthy of the least of all thy mercies, Gen. 32:10."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Ought we to desire the welfare of our neighbours?", "answer": "Yes: Let no man seek his own, but every man another's wealth, 1 Cor. 10:24."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "And to pray for it?", "answer": "Yes: Supplications and prayers must be made for all men, 1 Tim. 2:1."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And to be well pleased with it?", "answer": "Yes: Rejoice with them that do rejoice, Rom. 12:15."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "And to lay to heart our neighbour's troubles?", "answer": "Yes: Remember them that are in bonds, as bound with them, Heb. 13:3."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "And is this a charitable frame of spirit?", "answer": "Yes: For charity suffers long, and is kind, 1 Cor. 13:4."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "81", "sort_key": 81, "question": "What is forbidden in the tenth commandment?", "answer": "The tenth commandment forbids all discontentment with our own estate, envying or grieving at the good of our neighbour, and all inordinate desires and affections to any thing that is his.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is it a sin to fret at the disposals of God's providence?", "answer": "Yes: For shall we receive good of the hand of the Lord, and shall we not receive evil also? Job 2:10."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is it a sin to quarrel with them?", "answer": "Yes: For they that murmured were destroyed of the destroyer, 1 Cor. 10:10."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is it an evil thing to undervalue the mercies we have?", "answer": "Yes: As the Israelites that said, There is nothing besides this manna, Numb. 11:6."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "And to aggravate the afflictions we are under?", "answer": "Yes: As they that said, We die, we perish, we all perish, Numb. 17:12."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "May we in any thing be discontented?", "answer": "No: For we must in everything give thanks, 1 Thess. 5:18."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is it a sin against this commandment to envy our neighbour's welfare?", "answer": "Yes: For charity envieth not, 1 Cor. 13:4."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is envy an offence to God?", "answer": "Yes: For is our eye evil because his is good? Matt. 20:15."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is it hurtful to ourselves?", "answer": "Yes: For envy is the rottenness of the bones, Prov. 14:30."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Is it the cause of much mischief?", "answer": "Yes: For where envy is, there is confusion, and every evil work, James 3:16."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Is it a sin to be pleased with our neighbour's hurt or loss?", "answer": "Yes: He that is glad at calamities shall not be unpunished, Prov. 17:5."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is it a sin to desire to sin?", "answer": "Yes: Lust not after evil things, as they also lusted, 1 Cor. 10:6."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Does all sin begin in the lustings of the heart?", "answer": "Yes: For lust, when it hath conceived, bringeth forth sin, James 1:15."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Is it a sin to desire any temporal good inordinately?", "answer": "Yes: As Rachel, that said, Give me children, or else I die, Gen. 30:1."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "And is it a sin to lust after the delights of sense?", "answer": "Yes: As the Israelites who wept again, saying, Who will give us flesh to eat? Numb. 11:4."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Must we therefore suppress all sinful desires?", "answer": "Yes: And make no provision for the flesh, to fulfil the lusts thereof, Rom. 13:14."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is it a sin to set our hearts upon worldly wealth?", "answer": "Yes: Love not the world, nor the things that are in the world, 1 John 2:15."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Is covetousness an offence to God?", "answer": "Yes: For it is idolatry, Col. 3:5."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Will it be a vexation to ourselves?", "answer": "Yes: For he that loveth silver shall not be satisfied with silver, Eccl. 5:10."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Will it be a vexation to our families?", "answer": "Yes: For he that is greedy of gain troubles his own house, Prov. 15:27."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "And injurious to our neighbour?", "answer": "Yes: For they that lay house to house, and field to field, would be placed alone in the midst of the earth, Isa. 5:8."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Is covetousness the cause of much sin?", "answer": "Yes: For they that will be rich, fall into temptation and a snare, 1 Tim. 6:9."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Must we therefore watch against it?", "answer": "Yes: Take heed, and beware of covetousness, Luke 12:15."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "And must we abstain from all the practices of it?", "answer": "Yes: Let your conversation be without covetousness, Heb. 13:5."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "And must we pray earnestly against it?", "answer": "Yes: Incline my heart unto thy testimonies, and not to covetousness, Ps. 119:36."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "82", "sort_key": 82, "question": "Is any man able in this life perfectly to keep the commandments of God?", "answer": "No mere man since the fall is able in this life perfectly to keep the commandments of God, but does daily break them in thought, word, or deed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Are any in this world perfectly free from sin?", "answer": "No: For there is no man that sinneth not, 2 Chron. 6:36."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Was Christ, who was not a mere man, perfect?", "answer": "Yes: He knew no sin, 2 Cor. 5:21."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Was Adam before the fall perfect?", "answer": "Yes: For God made man upright, Eccl. 7:29."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Are the saints in the other life perfect?", "answer": "Yes: The glorious church is without spot or wrinkle, Eph. 5:27."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "But is any mere man since the fall in this life perfect?", "answer": "No: For there is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good and sinneth not, Eccl. 7:20."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Are self-justifiers self-deceivers?", "answer": "Yes: If we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, 1 John 1:8."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "And do they put a great affront upon God?", "answer": "Yes: For if we say we have not sinned, we make him a liar, 1 John 1:10."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Are not we able to keep God's commandments better than we do?", "answer": "Yes: If I have done iniquity, I will do no more, Job 34:32."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "But are we able perfectly to keep them?", "answer": "No: For when I would do good, evil is present with me, Rom. 7:21."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Though Noah was said to be perfect, yet did not he sin?", "answer": "Yes: For he drank of the wine, and was drunk, Gen. 9:21."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "And Job?", "answer": "Yes: For he cursed his day, Job 3:1."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "And Hezekiah?", "answer": "Yes: For his heart was lifted up, 2 Chron. 32:25."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Was St Paul himself perfect?", "answer": "No: Not as though I had already attained, either were already perfect, Phil. 3:12."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Do we sin daily?", "answer": "Yes: In many things we offend all, Jam. 3:2."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Do we daily sin in thought?", "answer": "Yes: For, The imagination of man's heart is evil from his youth, Gen. 8:21."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Are we guilty of many tongue sins?", "answer": "Yes: In the multitude of words there wanteth not sin, Prov. 10:19."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Are the best guilty of many defects?", "answer": "Yes: For when the spirit is willing the flesh is weak, Matt. 26:41."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "And of many inadvertencies?", "answer": "Yes: They are overtaken in a fault, Gal. 6:1."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Can we tell how often we offend?", "answer": "No: Who can understand his errors? Ps. 19:13."}, {"item_id": "4g", "question": "Should we not therefore have recourse to Christ daily by faith and repentance?", "answer": "Yes: If any man sin, we have an Advocate with the Father, 1 John 2:1."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "83", "sort_key": 83, "question": "Are all transgressions of the law equally heinous?", "answer": "Some sins in themselves, and, by reason of several aggravations, are more heinous in the sight of God than others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is every sin done in God's sight?", "answer": "Yes: I did this evil in thy sight, Ps. 51:4."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is it heinous in God's sight?", "answer": "Yes: For he is of purer eyes than to behold iniquity, Hab. 1:13."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "But is every sin alike heinous?", "answer": "No: He that delivered me unto thee hath the greater sin, John 19:11."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Are some sins in themselves more heinous than others?", "answer": "Yes: If a man sin against the Lord, who shall entreat for him? 1 Sam. 2:25."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Are presumptuous sins more heinous than others?", "answer": "Yes: The soul that doeth ought presumptuously, that soul reproacheth the Lord, Numb. 15:30."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "Was ever any sin so heinous as not to be forgiven?", "answer": "Yes: The Pharisees blasphemy against the Holy Ghost was so, Mat 12:32."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Are sins against knowledge aggravated sins?", "answer": "Yes: That servant that knew his Lord's will, and did it not, shall be beaten with many stripes, Luke 12:47."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "And sins against mercies?", "answer": "Yes: Do ye thus requite the Lord, O foolish people, and unwise? Deut. 32:6."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Especially against spiritual mercies?", "answer": "Yes: As Solomon who turned from the Lord God of Israel which had appeared unto him twice, 1 Kings 11:9."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Are sins against reproof aggravated sins?", "answer": "Yes: He that being often reproved hardeneth his neck shall suddenly be destroyed, Prov. 29:1."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "And sins against our vows and covenants?", "answer": "Yes: Thou saidst, I will not transgress, Jer. 2:20."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Are the sins of great professors aggravated sins?", "answer": "Yes: For the name of God is blasphemed through them, Rom. 2:24."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And the sins of ministers?", "answer": "Yes: Thou that preachest a man should not steal, dost thou steal? Rom. 2:21."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "May the place be an aggravation of the sin?", "answer": "Yes: They provoked him at the sea, even at the red sea, Ps. 106:7."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "And the time?", "answer": "Yes: They turned aside quickly, Ex. 32:8."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is it an aggravation of sin, if it be done with contrivance?", "answer": "Yes: Woe to them that deviese iniquity, Mic. 2:1."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "And if it be done with delight?", "answer": "Yes: They rejoice to do evil, Prov. 2:14."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And without blushing?", "answer": "Yes: They declare their sin as Sodom, Isa. 3:9."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "And if it be boasted of?", "answer": "Yes: Whose glory is in their shame, Phil. 3:19."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "And if it be often repeated?", "answer": "Yes: They have tempted me now these ten times, Num. 14:22."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Should we take notice of these aggravations in our confessions?", "answer": "Yes: Aaron shall confess the iniquity of the children of Israel, and all their transgressions in all their sins, Lev. 16:21."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "84", "sort_key": 84, "question": "What does every sin deserve?", "answer": "Every sin deserves God's wrath and curse, both in this life, and that which is to come.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Does sin provoke God?", "answer": "Yes: Ephraim provoked him to anger most bitterly, Hos. 12:14."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Does it deserve his wrath?", "answer": "Yes: According to their deserts will I judge them, Ezek. 7:27."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Does that wrath rest upon impenitent sinners?", "answer": "Yes: The wrath of God abideth on them, John 3:36."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "And is it just it should?", "answer": "Yes: For when God renders to every man according to his work, he renders indignation and wrath, tribulation and anguish, to every soul of man that doeth evil, Rom. 2:6,8."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Does sin deserve God's curse?", "answer": "Yes: Cursed is every one that continues not in all things written in the book of the law to do them, Gal. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Can any avoid that curse?", "answer": "No: For all these curses shall come upon thee, and overtake thee, Deut. 28:15."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Can a man bear up under that curse?", "answer": "No: For it shall come into his bowels like water, and like oil into his bones, Ps. 109:18."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Can a man fortify himself against that curse?", "answer": "No: For it shall consume the house, with the timber thereof, and the stones thereof, Zech. 5:4."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Does sin deserve God's wrath and curse in this life?", "answer": "Yes: For these things' sake cometh the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience, Col. 3:6."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And in the life to come?", "answer": "Yes: For wrath is treasured up against the day of wrath, Rom. 2:5."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Does every sin deserve God's wrath?", "answer": "Yes: For the wages of sin is death, Rom. 6:23."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Is any sin venial in its own nature?", "answer": "No: For the blood of Christ is that which must cleanse from all sin, 1 John 1:7."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Does your sin deserve this wrath and curse?", "answer": "Yes: If I be wicked, woe to me, Job 10:15."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "85", "sort_key": 85, "question": "What does God require of us, that we may escape the wrath and curse due to us for sin?", "answer": "To escape the wrath and anger of God due to us for sin, God requires of us faith in Jesus Christ, repentance unto life, with a diligent use of all the outward means whereby Christ communicates to us the benefits of redemption.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is the wrath and curse of God due to us for sin?", "answer": "Yes: We are by nature children of wrath, Eph. 2:3."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Has God provided a way of escape from that wrath?", "answer": "Yes: I have found a ransom, Job 33:24."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Does the gospel show us that way?", "answer": "Yes: He shall tell thee words whereby thou mayest be saved, Acts 11:14."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Is it through Christ that we may escape this wrath?", "answer": "Yes: It is Jesus that delivereth us from the wrath to come, 1 Thess. 1:10."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Is anything to be done by us in order to our escape?", "answer": "Yes: Work out your own salvation with fear and trembling; for it is God that worketh in you, Phil. 2:12,13."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Are we concerned to inquire what is to be done by us in order to our escape?", "answer": "Yes: Wherewithal shall I come before the Lord? Mic. 6:6."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Will a convinced conscience put us upon this inquiry?", "answer": "Yes: When they were pricked to the heart they said, Men and brethren, what shall we do? Acts 2:37."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Must we be serious and solicitous in this inquiry?", "answer": "Yes: As the gaoler that came trembling and said, Sirs, what must I do to be saved? Acts 16:30."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Must we be speedy in this inquiry?", "answer": "Yes: The morning cometh, and also the night, if ye will inquire, inquire ye, Isa. 21:12."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Must we make this inquiry with resolution?", "answer": "Yes: They shall ask their way to Zion with their faces thitherward, Jer. 50:5."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "Must we apply ourselves to Christ with this inquiry?", "answer": "Yes: Good Master, what good thing shall I do that I may have eternal life? Matt. 19:16."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is that which is to be done by us for our salvation required of us?", "answer": "Yes: This is his commandment, That we believe, 1 John 3:23."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And are we called upon to do it?", "answer": "Yes: Turn ye, turn ye: why will ye die, 0 house of Israel? Ezek. 33:11."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is faith in Jesus Christ required that we may escape this wrath?", "answer": "Yes: Believe in the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shall be saved, Acts 16:31."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Is repentance required?", "answer": "Yes: Repent, and be converted, that our sins may be blotted out, Acts 3:19."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Did our Lord Jesus preach these as the two great commandments of the gospel?", "answer": "Yes: The kingdom of God is at hand; repent ye, and believe the gospel, Mark 1:15."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Did the apostles preach them?", "answer": "Yes: Testifying both to the Jews, and also to the Greeks, repentance towards God, aud faith towards our Lord Jesus Christ, Acts 20:21."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "And is it required that we diligently use the means of grace?", "answer": "Yes: Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you, Matt. 28:20."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "86", "sort_key": 86, "question": "What is faith in Jesus Christ?", "answer": "Faith in Jesus Christ is a saving grace, whereby we receive and rest upon him alone for salvation, as he is offered to us in the gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Are we to believe in Jesus Christ?", "answer": "Yes: Ye believe in God, believe also in me, John 14:1."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is Christ in the word the object of our faith?", "answer": "Yes: For the word is nigh thee, Rom. 10:8."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is faith in Christ a grace?", "answer": "Yes: It is not of ourselves, it is the gift of God, Eph. 2:8."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Is it free grace?", "answer": "Yes: To you it is given on the behalf of Christ to believe in him, Phil. 1:29."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Is it a saving grace?", "answer": "Yes: For we believe to the saving of the soul, Heb. 10:39."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "Is it that by which we live?", "answer": "Yes: The just shall live by his faith, Rom. 1:17."}, {"item_id": "1g", "question": "Is unbelief the great damning sin?", "answer": "Yes: They could not enter in because of unbelief, Heb. 3:19."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Do we by faith assent to gospel truths?", "answer": "Yes: He that has received his testimony hath set to his seal that God is true, John 3:33."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Do we by faith consent to gospel terms?", "answer": "Yes: Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me, Matt. 11:29."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Must both these go together?", "answer": "Yes: He said, Lord, I believe, and he worshipped him, John 9:38."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Is there good reason for both?", "answer": "Yes: For it is both a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, 1 Tim. 1:15."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is this receiving Christ?", "answer": "Yes: Ye have received Christ Jesus the Lord, Col. 2:6."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Is it applying the righteousness of Christ to ourselves?", "answer": "Yes: Who loved me, and gave himself for me, Gal. 2:20."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And consenting to it?", "answer": "Yes: We have now received the atonement, Rom. 5:11."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Must we receive Christ to rule us as well as to save us?", "answer": "Yes: For him hath God exalted to be both a Prince and a Saviour, Acts 5:31."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "And is it enough only to receive him?", "answer": "No: As we have received him, so we must walk in him, Col. 2:6."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Do we by faith rest on Christ alone for salvation?", "answer": "Yes: In his name shall the Gentiles trust, Matt. 12:21."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "And rely on his righteousness?", "answer": "Yes: That I may win Christ, and be found in him, not having my own righteousness, which is of the law, but that which is through the faith of Christ, Phil. 3:9."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And do we rejoice in him?", "answer": "Yes: For we are the circumcision that rejoice in Christ Jesus, Phil. 3:3."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Will faith in Christ produce good affections?", "answer": "Yes: For it works by love, Gal. 5:6."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Will it purify the heart?", "answer": "Yes: Purifying their hearts by faith, Acts 15:9."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Will it overcome the world?", "answer": "Yes: This is the victory, overcoming the world, even your faith, 1 John 5:4."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Will it resist the temptations of Satan?", "answer": "Yes: The shield of faith quenches the fiery darts of the wicked, Eph. 6:16."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Does it exert itself in obedience?", "answer": "Yes: For the gospel is made known to all nations for the obedience of faith, Rom. 16:26."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "And does it subject the soul to the grace and government of the Lord Jesus?", "answer": "Yes: My Lord, and my God, John 20:28."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "87", "sort_key": 87, "question": "What is repentance unto life?", "answer": "Repentance unto life is a saving grace, whereby a sinner, out of a true sense of his sin, and apprehension of the mercy of God in Christ, does with grief and hatred of his sin turn from it unto God, with full purpose of, and endeavour after, new obedience.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is true repentance, repentance unto life?", "answer": "Yes: God hath to the Gentiles granted repentance unto life, Acts 11:18."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is it a grace?", "answer": "Yes: If God peradventure will give them repentance, 2 Tim. 2:25."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is it a saving grace?", "answer": "Yes: Godly sorrow worketh repentance unto salvation, 2 Cor. 7:10."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is repentance required of every one of us?", "answer": "Yes: God commandeth all men everywhere to repent, Acts 17:30."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is it necessary to our pardon?", "answer": "Yes: For repentance and remission of sins are preached to all nations, Luke 24:47."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is it given to qualify us for pardon?", "answer": "Yes: God hath exalted his Son Christ Jesus, to give repentance and remission of sins, Acts 5:3."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Can we be saved without it?", "answer": "No: Except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish, Luke 13:3."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is it necessary to repentance, that there be a sense of sin?", "answer": "Yes: Cause Jerusalem to know her abominations, Ezek. 16:2."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Must there be an acknowledgment of sin?", "answer": "Yes: I acknowledge my transgressions, and my sin is ever before me, Ps. 51:3."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Must we acknowledge the fact of sin?", "answer": "Yes: Thus and thus have I done, Josh. 7:20."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "And the fault?", "answer": "Yes: I have done this evil in thy sight, Ps. 51:4."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "And the folly of it?", "answer": "Yes: O God, thou knowest my foolishness, Ps. 69:5."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Must we acknowledge the original of sin?", "answer": "Yes: Behold, I was shapen in iniquity, Ps. 51:5."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "Must we acknowledge ourselves odious to God's holiness because of sin?", "answer": "Yes: Behold, I am vile, Job 11:4."}, {"item_id": "3h", "question": "And obnoxious to his justice?", "answer": "Yes: If thou, Lord, shouldest mark iniquities, O Lord, who shall stand, Ps. 130:3."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Must there be an apprehension of the mercy of God in Christ?", "answer": "Yes: There is forgiveness with thee that thou mayest be feared, Ps. 130:4."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Must that invite us to repent?", "answer": "Yes: The goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance, Rom. 2:4."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Is that evangelical repentance which flows from a hope of that mercy?", "answer": "Yes: Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand, Matt. 3:2."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Can there be true repentance where there is a despair of mercy?", "answer": "No: Thou saidst there is hope; no, I have loved strangers, and after them will I go, Jer. 2:25."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Have we reason to hope for that mercy?", "answer": "Yes: Turn to the Lord, and he will have mercy, Isa. 55:7."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Must there be contrition for sin?", "answer": "Yes: When they heard this, they were pricked to the heart, Acts. 2:37."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Must we turn from sin?", "answer": "Yes: Everyone mourning for his iniquities, Ezek. 7:16."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Must we mourn greatly for sin?", "answer": "Yes: Peter went out and wept bitterly, Matt. 26:75."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Must we mourn after a godly sort?", "answer": "Yes: Ye sorrowed according to God, 2 Cor. 7:9,margin."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Must we mourn for sin with an eye to Christ?", "answer": "Yes: They shall look on him whom they have pierced, and mourn, Zech. 12:10."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Must we hate sin?", "answer": "Yes: I hate every false way, Ps. 119:128."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Must we loathe ourselves because of sin?", "answer": "Yes: I abhor myself, and repent in dust and ashes, Job 42:6."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Must we be ashamed of ourselves before God?", "answer": "Yes: I am ashamed, and blush to lift up my face to thee, my God, Ezra 9:6."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "And must we humble ourselves greatly in his presence?", "answer": "Yes: As the publican that stood afar off; and would not lift up so much as his eyes to heaven, Luke 18:13."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Must we confess our sins?", "answer": "Yes: For he that covers his sins shall not prosper, Prov. 28:13."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "And must we aggravate them?", "answer": "Yes: I have sinned against heaven, and before thee, Luke 15:18."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "And must we judge ourselves because of them?", "answer": "Yes: If we would judge ourselves, we should not be judged, 1 Cor. 11:31."}, {"item_id": "7d", "question": "And must we cry earnestly to God for pardon in the blood of Christ?", "answer": "Yes: God be merciful to me a sinner, Luke 18:13."}, {"item_id": "8a", "question": "Must we turn from sin?", "answer": "Yes: Repent, and turn yourselves from all your transgressions, Ezek. 18:30."}, {"item_id": "8b", "question": "From our own sin?", "answer": "Yes: Return ye now every one from his evil way, Jer. 18:11."}, {"item_id": "8c", "question": "And must we turn to God?", "answer": "Yes: If thou wilt return, O Israel, return unto me, Jer. 4:1."}, {"item_id": "8d", "question": "Are backsliders invited to return?", "answer": "Yes: Return ye backsliding children, Jer. 3:22."}, {"item_id": "8e", "question": "And should they accept the invitation?", "answer": "Yes: Behold, we come unto thee, for thou art the Lord our God, Jer. 3:22."}, {"item_id": "9a", "question": "In repentance must there be a change of the mind?", "answer": "Yes: Make ye a new heart, Ezek. 18:31."}, {"item_id": "9b", "question": "Must there be a change of the way?", "answer": "Yes: Cease to do evil, learn to do well, Isa. 1:16,17."}, {"item_id": "9c", "question": "Must there be a full resolution against all sin?", "answer": "Yes: Ephraim shall say, What have I to do any more with idols, Hos. 14:8."}, {"item_id": "9d", "question": "And a full resolution of new obedience?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord our God will we serve, and his voice will we obey, Josh. 24:24."}, {"item_id": "9e", "question": "And must we be serious in our endeavours accordingly?", "answer": "Yes: Bring forth therefore fruits meet for repentance, Matt. 3:8."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "88", "sort_key": 88, "question": "What are the outward means whereby Christ communicates to us the benefits of redemption?", "answer": "The outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicates to us the benefits of redemption, are his ordinances, especially the word, sacraments, and prayer; all which are made effectual to the elect for salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Does Christ communicate the benefits of redemption?", "answer": "Yes: For of his fulness have all we received, John 1:16."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Does he ordinarily communicate them by means?", "answer": "Yes: I will for this be inquired of, Ezek. 36:37."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is he tied to those means?", "answer": "No: For the Spirit, as the wind, bloweth where he listeth, John 3:8."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "But are we tied to the use of them?", "answer": "Yes: Where I record my name, I will come to thee, and will bless thee, Exod. 20:24."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Are the ordinances the outward and ordinary means of grace?", "answer": "Yes: I the Lord do sanctify Israel, when my sanctuary shall be in the midst of them, Ezek. 37:28."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Are the word, sacraments, and prayer, the great gospel ordinances?", "answer": "Yes: Then they that gladly received his Word were baptized, and they continued steadfastly in the apostles' doctrine and fellowship, and in breaking bread, and in prayers, Acts 2:41,42."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is singing of psalms also a gospel ordinance?", "answer": "Yes: Speaking to yourselves in psalms, and hymns, and spiritual songs, Eph. 5:19."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is it appointed for our own consolation?", "answer": "Yes: Is any merry, let him sing psalms, Jam. 5:13."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "And for mutual instruction?", "answer": "Yes: Teaching and admonishing one another in psalms, Col. 3:16."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "And for God's glory?", "answer": "Yes: Singing with grace in your heart to the Lord, Col. 3:16."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Has Christ appointed ministers of the gospel?", "answer": "Yes: He hath given pastors and teachers for the edifying of the body of Christ, Eph. 4:11, 12."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Is the administration of ordinances committed to them?", "answer": "Yes: For they are the stewards of the mysteries of God, 1 Cor. 4:1."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And must they attend that service?", "answer": "Yes: We will give ourselves to prayer, and to the ministry of the word, Acts 6:4."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Are gospel ordinances made effectual to all for salvation?", "answer": "No: For with many of them God was not well pleased, 1 Cor. 10:5."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "But are they made effectual to the elect?", "answer": "Yes: As many as were ordained to eternal life believed, Acts 13:48."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "89", "sort_key": 89, "question": "How is the word made effectual to salvation?", "answer": "The Spirit of God maketh the reading, but especially the preaching, of the Word an effectual means of convincing and converting sinners, and of building them up in holiness and comfort, through faith, unto salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is the Word to be read by us?", "answer": "Yes: I charge you that this epistle be read unto all the holy brethren, 1 Thess. 5:27."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is it to be read in solemn assemblies?", "answer": "Yes: Moses is read in the synagogues every sabbath day, Acts 15:21."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is it profitable to expound the Scriptures?", "answer": "Yes: They that read in the law of God, gave the sense, and caused them to understand the reading, Neh. 8:8."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Is the Word of God to be preached?", "answer": "Yes: Preach the word, be instant in season, and out of season, reprove, rebuke, exhort, 2 Tim. 4:2."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Is it the duty of all to hear the word?", "answer": "Yes: He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches, Rev. 2:7."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "Will the bare reading and hearing of the Word profit?", "answer": "No: The letter kills, the Spirit gives life, 2 Cor. 3:6."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "But is the reading and hearing of the Word the ordinary means of convincing sinners?", "answer": "Yes: For it is mighty through God, to the pulling down of strong holds, 2 Cor. 10:4."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "And of startling the secure?", "answer": "Yes: By them is thy servant warned, Ps. 19:11."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is it the ordinary means of conversion?", "answer": "Yes: If the prophets had stood in my counsel, they should have turned people from their evil way, Jer. 13:22."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "And has it been the conversion of many?", "answer": "Yes: When the law of truth was in his mouth, he did turn many away from iniquity, Mal. 2:6."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Is it the ordinary means of working faith?", "answer": "Yes: For faith comes by hearing, Rom. 10:17."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "And of renewing of the heart?", "answer": "Yes: For the seed is the Word of God, Luke 8:11."}, {"item_id": "2g", "question": "And of reforming the life?", "answer": "Yes: By the words of thy lips I have kept me from the paths of the destroyer, Ps. 17:4."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is the reading and hearing of the word needful to those who are regenerate?", "answer": "Yes: For they are nourished up in the words of faith, and of good doctrine, 1 Tim. 4:6."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Is it a means of building them up in holiness?", "answer": "Yes: It is for the perfecting of the saints, Eph. 4:12."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Will it furnish them for all good?", "answer": "Yes: That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished to all good works, 2 Tim. 3:17."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Will it fortify them against all evil?", "answer": "Yes: For the sword of the Spirit is the Word of God, Eph. 6:17."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Is it a means of building them up in comfort?", "answer": "Yes: That we through patience and comfort of the Scriptures might have hope, Rom. 15:4."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Does the Spirit of God make the word effectual for all these good purposes?", "answer": "Yes: When the hand of the Lord was with them, a great number believed, and turned to the Lord, Acts 11:21."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Is it effectual through faith unto salvation?", "answer": "Yes: It is the power of God unto salvation to every one that believes, Rom. 1:16."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Is it not a great mercy then to have plenty of the Word of God?", "answer": "Yes: Blessed is the people that know the joyful sound, Ps. 89:15."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "And should we not welcome those that bring it?", "answer": "Yes: Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord, Ps. 118:26."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "90", "sort_key": 90, "question": "How is the word to be read and heard that it may become effectual to salvation?", "answer": "That the word may become effectual to salvation, we must attend thereunto with diligence, preparation, and prayer, receive it with faith and love, lay it up in our hearts, and practise it in our lives.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Must we read the Word of God with seriousness?", "answer": "Yes: We must give attendance to reading, 1 Tim. 4:13."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "And not read it as a common book?", "answer": "No: It is not a vain thing, for it is your life, Deut. 32:47."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Must we be diligent to hear the word?", "answer": "Yes: Watching daily at Wisdom's gates, waiting at the posts of her doors, Prov. 8:34."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Must we prepare for hearing it?", "answer": "Yes: Lay aside all malice, and guile, and hypocrisy, and filthiness, and superfluity of naughtiness, 1 Pet. 2:1."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Must we come to it with a spiritual appetite?", "answer": "Yes: As new-born babes, desire the sincere milk of the word, 1 Pet. 2:2."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Must we set ourselves to receive it?", "answer": "Yes: As Mary sat at Jesus' feet to hear his word, Luke 10:39."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Must we bow our souls before it?", "answer": "Yes: Speak, Lord, for thy servant hears, 1 Sam. 3:9."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "Must we diligently hearken to it?", "answer": "Yes: Be swift to hear, Jam. 1:19."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Must we hear the word with reverence?", "answer": "Yes: When Ezra opened the book all the people stood up, Neh. 8:5."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Must we hear it with care?", "answer": "Yes: Take heed how ye hear, Luke 8:18."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And with meekness?", "answer": "Yes: Receive with meekness the engrafted word, Jam. 1:21."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "And with delight?", "answer": "Yes: How sweet are thy words unto my taste: Ps. 119:103."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "And with a holy fear?", "answer": "Yes: We must tremble at the word, Isa. 66:2."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Must we receive it as the word of men?", "answer": "No: But as it is in truth, the Word of God, 1 Thess. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Must we take heed of sleeping under the word?", "answer": "Yes: Could ye not watch with me one hour? Matt. 26:40."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Must we pray for a blessing upon the word?", "answer": "Yes: Open thou mine eyes, that I may behold wondrous things out of thy law, Ps. 119:18."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Must we receive the word with faith?", "answer": "Yes: For it will not profit if it be not mixed with faith, Heb. 4:2."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Must we receive men's words with an implicit faith?", "answer": "No: Believe not every spirit, but try the spirits, 1 John 4:1."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "But must we receive God's word with an implicit faith?", "answer": "Yes: For every word of God is pure, Prov. 30:5."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Must we receive it with love?", "answer": "Yes: I have esteemed the words of his mouth more than my necessary food, Job 23:12."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Must we remember the word we read and hear?", "answer": "Yes: Lest at any time we let it slip, Heb. 2:1."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Must we lay it up in our hearts?", "answer": "Yes: Thy word have I hid in my heart, Ps. 119:11."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Must we meditate on it?", "answer": "Yes: In that law doth he meditate day and night, Ps. 1:2."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Must we practise it in our lives?", "answer": "Yes: Be ye doers of the word, and not hearers only, James 1:22."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Will it suffice to hear, though we do not practise?", "answer": "No: If ye know these things, happy are ye if ye do them, John 13:17."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "91", "sort_key": 91, "question": "How do the sacraments become effectual means of salvation?", "answer": "The sacraments become effectual means of salvation, not from any virtue in them, or in him who administers them, but only by the blessing of Christ, and the working of the Spirit in them who by faith receive them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Do the sacraments certainly save all that partake of them?", "answer": "No: They who were rejected of Christ could say, We have eaten and drunk in thy presence, Luke 13:26."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Are they then effectual by any virtue in themselves?", "answer": "No: For bodily exercise profits little, 1 Tim. 4:8."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Do they of themselves confer grace?", "answer": "No: For if thou be a breaker of the law thy circumcision is made uncircumcision Rom. 2:25."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Is the thing signified of greater consequence than the sign?", "answer": "Yes: For circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit, and not in the letter, Rom. 2:29."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Does the efficacy of the sacraments depend upon the minister?", "answer": "No: For who is Paul, and who is Apollos, but ministers by whom ye believed? 1 Cor. 3:5."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Does the goodness of the minister invigorate the sacrament?", "answer": "No: For Philip baptized Simon, who yet was in the gall of bitterness, Acts 8:13, 23."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Does the badness of the minister invalidate the sacrament?", "answer": "No: For Judas was numbered with us, and obtained part of this ministry, Acts 1:17."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Does the efficacy of sacraments depend upon the blessing of Christ?", "answer": "Yes: Lo, I am with you always, Matt. 28:20."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And upon the working of the Spirit?", "answer": "Yes: For it is the Spirit that quickeneth John 6:63."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And are they effectual to those only who by faith receive them?", "answer": "Yes: He that believes, and is baptized, shall be saved, Mark 16:16."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "92", "sort_key": 92, "question": "What is a sacrament?", "answer": "A sacrament is a holy ordinance instituted by Christ, wherein, by sensible signs, Christ, and the benefits of the new covenant, are represented, sealed, and applied to believers.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is a sacrament a holy ordinance?", "answer": "Yes: For we minister about holy things, 1 Cor. 9:13."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Must they therefore be holy that attend them?", "answer": "Yes: Be ye clean that bear the vessels of the Lord, Isa. 52:11."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Are sacraments instituted by Christ?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord himself shall give you a sign, Isa. 7:14."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "May men institute sacraments?", "answer": "No: Jeroboam, that ordained a feast which he had devised of his own heart sinned, and made Israel to sin, 1 Kings 12:33."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is there in a sacrament an outward and visible sign?", "answer": "Yes: Behold the blood of the covenant, Exod. 24:8."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is there an inward and spiritual grace?", "answer": "Yes: For that Rock was Christ, 1 Cor. 10:4."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Are outward signs of use to inform our understandings?", "answer": "Yes: For in them Christ is evidently set forth crucified among us, Gal. 3:1."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Are they of use to refresh our memories?", "answer": "Yes: These stones shall be for a memorial, Josh. 4:7."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "And to stir up our affections?", "answer": "Yes: They shall look on him whom they have pierced, and mourn, Zech. 12:10."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "Are they of use to transmit the things of God from generation to generation?", "answer": "Yes: For your children shall ask you, What mean you by this service? Exod. 12:26."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is a sacrament a seal?", "answer": "Yes: Circumcision was a seal of the righteousness which is by faith, Rom. 4:11."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "A seal of the covenant?", "answer": "Yes: He gave him the covenant of circumcision, Acts 7:8."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Is a sacrament an oath?", "answer": "Yes: They entered into an oath to walk in God's law, Neh. 10:29."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Is it an encouragement to our faith?", "answer": "Yes: Reach hither thy hand, and thrust it into my side, and be not faithless, but believing, John 20:27."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Is it an engagement to obedience?", "answer": "Yes: That henceforth we should not serve sin Rom. 6:6."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Is Christ applied to us in sacraments?", "answer": "Yes: As many of you as have been baptized into Christ, have put on Christ, Gal. 3:27."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "Are the benefits of the new covenant applied to us?", "answer": "Yes: To be a God to thee, and to thy seed after thee, Gen. 17:7."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "93", "sort_key": 93, "question": "Which are the sacraments of the New Testament?", "answer": "The sacraments of the New Testament are baptism and the Lord's supper", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Were there sacraments in innocency?", "answer": "Yes: The tree of life in the midst of the garden, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, Gen. 2:9."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Were there sacraments under the law?", "answer": "Yes: For the law had a shadow of good things to come, Heb. 10:1."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Was circumcision a sacrament?", "answer": "Yes: He received the sign of circumcision, Rom. 4:11."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Was the passover a sacrament?", "answer": "Yes: Christ our passover is sacrificed for us, 1 Cor. 5:7."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Have we sacraments now under the gospel?", "answer": "Yes: For unto us was the gospel preached, as well as unto them, Heb. 4:2."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Are baptism and the Lord's supper our two sacraments?", "answer": "Yes: For we are baptized into one body, and all drink into one Spirit, 1 Cor. 12:13."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "May men add any more sacraments?", "answer": "No: Add thou not unto his words, lest he reprove thee, Prov. 30:6."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "94", "sort_key": 94, "question": "What is baptism?", "answer": "Baptism is a sacrament, wherein the washing with water, in the name of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, does signify and seal our ingrafting into Christ, and partaking of the benefits of the covenant of grace, and our engagement to be the Lord's.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is washing with water the outward sign in baptism?", "answer": "Yes: I am come baptizing with water, John 1:31."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is that well done by sprinkling?", "answer": "Yes: For so shall he sprinkle many nations, Isa. 52:15. Ezek. 30:25."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is that sign significant?", "answer": "Yes: If ye are washed, ye are sanctified, ye are justified, 1 Cor. 6:11."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "But is the outward sign alone sufficient?", "answer": "No: Baptism saves us, not as it is the putting away the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience towards God, 1 Pet. 3:21."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Must baptism be in the name of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost?", "answer": "Yes: Go ye therefore and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Sun, and of the Holy Ghost, Matt. 28:19."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "And not in the minister's name?", "answer": "No: Were ye baptized in the name of Paul? 1 Cor. 1:13."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is it therefore one?", "answer": "Yes: For there is one Lord, one faith, one baptism, Eph. 4:5. There were added to the church daily, Acts 2:47."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Is baptism a door of admission into the visible church?", "answer": "Yes: There were added to the church daily, Acts 2:47."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Are we thereby entered into Christ's school?", "answer": "Yes: Jesus made and baptized disciples, John 4:1."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And listed under his banner?", "answer": "Yes: As good soldiers of Jesus Christ, 2 Tim. 2:3."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is baptism a seal of our ingrafting into Christ?", "answer": "Yes: For being baptized into Jesus Christ, we are baptized into his death, Rom. 6:3."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "And of our partaking of the new covenant?", "answer": "Yes: Be baptized for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost, Acts 2:38."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And of our engagement to be the Lord's?", "answer": "Yes: I entered into a covenant with thee, saith the Lord God, and thou becamest mine, Ezek. 16:8."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Is the covenant sealed in the baptism a mutual covenant?", "answer": "Yes: Ye shall be my people, and I will be your God, Jer. 30:22."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Are we bound by our baptism to renounce the devil and all his works?", "answer": "Yes: For the Son of God was manifested to destroy the works of the devil 1 John 3:8."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "And to renounce the pomps and vanities of this wicked world?", "answer": "Yes: For we must not be conformed to this world, Rom. 12:2."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "And all the sinful lusts of the flesh?", "answer": "Yes: For we are not in the flesh, but in the spirit, Rom. 8:9."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Are we bound to believe all the articles of the Christian faith?", "answer": "Yes: We must hold fast the form of sound words, 2 Tim. 1:13."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "And to keep God's holy will and commandments?", "answer": "Yes: That we also should walk in newness of life, Rom. 6:4."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "And to walk in the same all the days of our life?", "answer": "Yes: If ye continue in my word, then are ye my disciples indeed, John 8:31."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "95", "sort_key": 95, "question": "To whom is baptism to be administered?", "answer": "Baptism is not to be administered to any who are out of the visible church, till they profess their faith in Christ, and obedience to him; but the infants of such as are members of the visible church are to be baptized.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Are Jews and Pagans to be baptized upon their believing?", "answer": "Yes: If thou believest with all thy heart, thou mayest, Acts 8:31."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Will their justifiable profession warrant the administering of baptism to them?", "answer": "Yes: Simon Magus himself believed also and was baptized, Acts 8:13."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Are the children of believing parents to be baptized in their infancy?", "answer": "Yes: For a seed shall serve him, it shall be accounted to the Lord for a generation, Ps. 22:30."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is it possible that they may be in covenant with God?", "answer": "Yes: For you have not chosen me, but I have chosen you, John 15:16."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is it probable they should be in covenant?", "answer": "Yes: For when Israel was a child, then I loved him, Hos. 11:1."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Is it certain they were in covenant?", "answer": "Yes: I will be a God to thee, and to thy seed, Gen. 17:7."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Is it therefore certain they are in covenant?", "answer": "Yes: For the blessing of Abraham comes upon the Gentiles, Gal. 3:14."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "Does the seal of the covenant therefore belong to them?", "answer": "Yes: Every man-child among you shall be circumcised, Gen. 17:10."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Are the children of Christians members of Christ's visible church?", "answer": "Yes: For of such is the kingdom of God, Mark 10:14."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Do the promises belong to them?", "answer": "Yes: The promise is to you and to your children, Acts 2:39."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Does the promise of the Spirit belong to them?", "answer": "Yes: I will pour my Spirit upon thy seed, Isa. 44:3."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Are they capable of receiving it?", "answer": "Yes: John was filled with the Holy Ghost from his mother's womb, Luke 1:15."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "Are they then to be baptized?", "answer": "Yes: For who can forbid water to them which have received the Holy Ghost as well as we? Acts 10:47."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Are the children of believers federally holy?", "answer": "Yes: Else were your children unclean, but now are they holy, 1 Cor. 7:14."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Are they so in their parents' right?", "answer": "Yes: If the root be holy, so are the branches, Rom. 11:16."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Are they disciples?", "answer": "Yes: For the yoke of circumcision was put upon the neck of the disciples, Acts 15:1,10."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Are they to be received in Christ's name?", "answer": "Yes: Whosoever receiveth one such little child in my name, receiveth me, Matt. 18:5."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Are they born unto God?", "answer": "Yes: Thou hast taken thy sons and thy daughters, whom thou hast born unto me, Ezek. 16:20."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Are they bound by relation to be his servants?", "answer": "Yes: I am thy servant the son of thine handmaid, Ps. 116:16."}, {"item_id": "4g", "question": "Ought they then to be presented to him?", "answer": "Yes: The first-born of thy sons shalt thou give unto me, Exod. 22:29."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Do children need to be cleansed from the pollutions of sin?", "answer": "Yes: For they are shapen in iniquity, Ps. 51:5."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Is there provision made for their cleansing?", "answer": "Yes: For there is a fountain opened to the house of David, Zech. 13:1."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Are the nations to be discipled by baptism?", "answer": "Yes: Go ye and disciple all nations, baptizing them, Matt. 28:19."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Are children a part of the nations?", "answer": "Yes: Your little ones stand here this day, to enter into covenant with God, Deut. 29:11,12."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "And has Christ excepted them?", "answer": "No: Suffer little children to come unto me, and forbid them not, Matt. 19:14."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Were the families of believers baptized by the apostles?", "answer": "Yes: Lydia was baptized, and her household, Acts 16:15."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "Did Christ himself receive the seal of the covenant in his infancy?", "answer": "Yes: When he was eight days old he was circumcised, Luke 2:21."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Is infant baptism useful for preserving the church?", "answer": "Yes: That our children may not cease from fearing the Lord, Josh. 22:25."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "Was it a great mercy to you that you were baptized?", "answer": "Yes: For we are the children of the covenant, Acts 3:25."}, {"item_id": "8a", "question": "Must we be careful to improve our baptism?", "answer": "Yes: Be ye mindful always of his covenant, 1 Chron. 16:15."}, {"item_id": "8b", "question": "Is it a good argument against sin ?", "answer": "Yes: How shall we that are dead to sin live any longer therein? Rom. 6:2."}, {"item_id": "8c", "question": "And for holiness?", "answer": "Yes: For we also should walk in newness of life, Rom. 6:4."}, {"item_id": "8d", "question": "Is it a great encouragement to faith?", "answer": "Yes: Thou art my God from my mother's belly, Ps. 22:10."}, {"item_id": "8e", "question": "Is it a good plea in prayer?", "answer": "Yes: Save the son of thy handmaid, Ps. 86:16."}, {"item_id": "8f", "question": "Is it a strong inducement to brotherly love?", "answer": "Yes: For we all are baptized into one body, 1 Cor. 12:13."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "96", "sort_key": 96, "question": "What is the Lord's Supper?", "answer": "The Lord's Supper is a sacrament, wherein by giving and receiving bread and wine, according to Christ's appointment, his death is showed forth, and the worthy receivers are not, after a corporeal and carnal manner, but by faith, made partakers of his body and blood, with all his benefits, to their spiritual nourishment and growth in grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Was the Lord's Supper instituted by Christ himself?", "answer": "Yes: I received of the Lord that which I delivered unto you, 1 Cor. 11:23."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Did he leave it as a legacy to his church?", "answer": "Yes: It was in the night wherein he was betrayed, 1 Cor. 11:23."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Did he intend it should continue?", "answer": "Yes: Till he come, 1 Cor. 11:26."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is bread to be used in this sacrament?", "answer": "Yes: For he took bread, Matt 26:26."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "And does that signify it to be a strengthening ordinance?", "answer": "Yes: For bread strengthens man's heart, Ps. 104:15."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is the cup to be used in this sacrament?", "answer": "Yes: He took the cup when he had supped, 1 Cor. 11:25."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Does that signify it to be a refreshing ordinance?", "answer": "Yes: For wine makes glad the heart Ps. 104:15."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Must these be given and received?", "answer": "Yes: Jesus took bread, and gave to them,--- took the cup, and gave it to them, Mark 14:22,23."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "Are the people to partake of the cup?", "answer": "Yes: Drink ye all of it, Matt. 26:27."}, {"item_id": "2g", "question": "Is the ordinance doubled?", "answer": "Yes: Because the thing is established, Gen. 41:32."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Does the bread signify the body of Christ?", "answer": "Yes: This is my body which is broken for you, 1 Cor. 11:21."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Does the wine signify the blood of Christ?", "answer": "Yes: This cup is the New Testament in my blood, Luke 22:20."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Are they turned into the very body and blood of Christ?", "answer": "No: For it is the Spirit that quickens, the flesh profits nothing, John 6:63."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "But is the doctrine of Christ crucified meat and drink to a believing soul?", "answer": "Yes: My flesh is meat indeed, and my blood is drink indeed, John 6:55."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "And are we to feed upon that doctrine?", "answer": "Yes: He that eateth me, even he shall live by me, John 6:57."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is the Lord's Supper a commemorating ordinance?", "answer": "Yes: Do this in remembrance of me, Luke 22:19."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Is it a confessing ordinance?", "answer": "Yes: Ye do show the Lord's death, 1 Cor. 11:26."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Is it a communicating ordinance?", "answer": "Yes: The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? And the bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ? 1 Cor. 10:16."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Is it a covenanting ordinance?", "answer": "Yes: For it is the New Testament, 1 Cor. 11:25."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Is it a confirming ordinance?", "answer": "Yes: For Christ in it is evidently set forth, Gal. 3:9."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Is it an ordinance of communion with all Christians?", "answer": "Yes: For we have been all made to drink into one Spirit, 1 Cor. 12:13."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Is the pardon of sin sealed to believers in this sacrament?", "answer": "Yes: It is the blood of the New Testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins, Matt. 26:28."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Is the gift of the Holy Ghost sealed to them?", "answer": "Yes: Receive ye the Holy Ghost, John 20:22."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Is the promise of eternal life sealed to them?", "answer": "Yes: That ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, Luke 22:30. Matt. 26:29."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Do we, by receiving this sacrament, bind ourselves out from all sin?", "answer": "Yes: For we reckon ourselves to be dead indeed unto sin, Rom. 6:11."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "And do we bind ourselves up to all duty?", "answer": "Yes; For being made free from sin, we become the servants of righteousness, Rom. 6:18."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Is the Lord's Supper a spiritual feast?", "answer": "Yes: A feast of fat things, of wines on the lees, Isa. 26:6."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Is it a marriage-feast?", "answer": "Yes: A certain king made a marriage for his son, Matt. 26:2."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Is it a feast upon a sacrifice?", "answer": "Yes: Christ is sacrificed for us, let us keep the feast, 1 Cor. 5:7,8."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Is it a feast upon a covenant?", "answer": "Yes: As Isaac made a feast for Abimelech when they swore one to another, Gen. 26:30,31."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "Are all good Christians invited to this feast?", "answer": "Yes: Come, for all things are now ready, Luke 14:17."}, {"item_id": "6f", "question": "Are they often to partake of it?", "answer": "Yes: As often as ye eat this bread, 1 Cor. 11:26."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "97", "sort_key": 97, "question": "What is required to the worthy receiving of the Lord's Supper?", "answer": "It is required of them who would worthily partake of the Lord's Supper, that they examine themselves of their knowledge to discern the Lord's body, of their faith to feed upon him, of their repentance, love, and new obedience, lest coming unworthily, they eat and drink judgment to themselves.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Are the ignorant to be admitted to the Lord's Supper?", "answer": "No: For they discern not the Lord's body, 1 Cor. 11:29."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Are those to be admitted to it who are openly profane?", "answer": "No: For what concord hath Christ with Belial? 2 Cor. 6:15."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "But must all visible adult believers be admitted to it?", "answer": "Yes: All the congregation of Israel shall keep the passover, Exod. 12:47."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Must those who come to the Lord's Supper prepare for it?", "answer": "Yes: We must prepare our heart to seek God, the Lord God of our fathers, 2 Chron. 13:18."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Must we put away every sin?", "answer": "Yes: Purge out the old leaven, 1 Cor. 5:7."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "And must we cleanse ourselves from all pollutions?", "answer": "Yes: I will wash my hands in innocency, so I will compass thine altar, O Lord, Ps. 26:6."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Must we sequester ourselves from the world?", "answer": "Yes: Tarry ye here, while I go yonder and worship, Gen. 22:5."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "And must we apply ourselves seriously to this service?", "answer": "Yes: We must engage the heart to approach unto God, Jer. 30:21."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "When we come to this ordinance must we examine ourselves?", "answer": "Yes: Let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup, 1 Cor. 11:28."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Must we examine our spiritual state?", "answer": "Yes: Examine yourselves whether ye be in the faith, 2 Cor. 13:5."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Must we examine our particular ways?", "answer": "Yes: Let us search and try our ways, Lam. 3:40."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Just we renew our repentance for sin?", "answer": "Yes: For if we would judge ourselves, we shouldl not be judged, 1 Cor. 11:31."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "And our faith in Christ crucified?", "answer": "Yes: Who loved me and gave himself for me, Gal. 2:20."}, {"item_id": "3f", "question": "Must we steadfastly purpose to lead a new life?", "answer": "Yes: I have sworn, and I will perform it, that I will keep thy righteous judgments, Ps. 119:106."}, {"item_id": "3g", "question": "And must we be in charity with all men?", "answer": "Yes: First be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift, Matt. 5:24."}, {"item_id": "3h", "question": "And must we stir up desires towards Christ?", "answer": "Yes: Let him that is athirst come, Rev. 22:17."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Must we receive this sacrament with great reverence?", "answer": "Yes: In thy fear will I worship towards thy holy temple, Ps. 5:7."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "And with fixedness of thought?", "answer": "Yes: Bind the sacrifice with cords unto the horns of the altar, Ps. 118:27."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Must we receive it with godly sorrow for sin?", "answer": "Yes: They shall look on me whom they have pierced, and mourn, Zech. 12:10."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "And with holy joy in the Lord?", "answer": "Yes: They did eat their meat with gladness, praising God, Acts 2:46,47."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Must we receive it with an affectionate remembrance of the love of Christ?", "answer": "Yes: We will remember thy love more than wine, Cant. 1:4."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "And with all earnest desire of mercy from God?", "answer": "Yes: I will take the cup of salvation, and call upon the name of the Lord, Ps. 116:13."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Must those who have received this sacrament be very watchful against all sin?", "answer": "Yes: He will speak peace to his people, and to his saints, but let them not turn again to folly, Ps. 85:8."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Must they abound in all duty?", "answer": "Yes: I will pay my vows unto the Lord, Ps. 116:14."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "And must they ever preserve a sense of their engagements?", "answer": "Yes: Thy vows are upon me, O God, Ps. 56:12."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Do those who wilfully resolve to continue in sin receive unworthily?", "answer": "Yes: For what hast thou to do to take my covenant in thy mouth, seeing thou hatest instruction, Ps. 50:16,17."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "And do those receive unworthily who have no regard to Christ in what they do?", "answer": "Yes: For they say the table of the Lord is contemptible, Mal. 1:7."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Are they that do so guilty of a great sin?", "answer": "Yes: They are guilty of the body and blood of the Lord, 1 Cor. 11:27."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "And are they in great danger?", "answer": "Yes: For they eat aud drink judgment to themselves, 1 Cor. 11:29."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "But shall weak believers, who bewail their unworthiness, be encouraged?", "answer": "Yes: For he will not break the bruised reed, Matt. 12:20."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "98", "sort_key": 98, "question": "What is prayer?", "answer": "Prayer is an offering up of our desires to God for things agreeable to his will, in the name of Christ, with confession of our sins, and thankful acknowledgment of his mercies.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is it every one's duty to pray?", "answer": "Yes: Men ought always to pray, Luke 18:1."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Call a man be a good man who lives without prayer?", "answer": "No: Every one that is godly shall pray, Ps. 32:6."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Are we to pray daily?", "answer": "Yes: Morning, and evening, and at noon, will I pray, Ps. 55:17."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Are we to pray continually?", "answer": "Yes: Pray without ceasing, 1 Thess. 5:17."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Are we to pray in secret?", "answer": "Yes: Thou, when thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and shut thy door, Matt. 6:6."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "Are we to pray when we are in affliction?", "answer": "Yes: Is any among you afflicted, let him pray, James 5:13."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Are we to pray to God only?", "answer": "Yes: For he only knows the hearts of all the children of men, 1 Kings 8:39."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "May we pray to departed saints to pray for us?", "answer": "No: For Abraham is ignorant of us, Isa. 63:16."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is prayer the soul's ascent to God?", "answer": "Yes: Unto thee, O Lord, do I lift up my soul, Ps. 25:1."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Is it the soul's converse with God?", "answer": "Yes: Pour out your hearts before him, Ps. 62:8."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Are we in prayer to ascribe glory to God?", "answer": "Yes: Give unto the Lord glory and strength, Ps. 96:7."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "And to ask mercy of God?", "answer": "Yes: Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find, Matt. 7:7."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Are we to pray to God for things agreeable to his will?", "answer": "Yes: If we ask anything according to his will, he heareth us, 1 John 5:14."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "Must we pray for pardoning mercy, and sanctifying grace?", "answer": "Yes: Let us come boldly to the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy, and find grace to help in time of need, Heb. 4:16."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "Are God's promises to be the guide of our desires in prayer?", "answer": "Yes: Remember thy word unto thy servant, Ps. 119:49."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "And the ground of our faith?", "answer": "Yes: For I hope in thy word, Ps. 119:81."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Must we pray in the name of Christ?", "answer": "Yes: Whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do, John 19:13."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Relying on his righteousness alone?", "answer": "Yes: For we have boldness to enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus, Heb. 10:19."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Must we pray in faith?", "answer": "Yes: Let him ask in faith, nothing wavering, Jam. 1:6."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Depending on the assistance of the Holy Spirit?", "answer": "Yes: For the Spirit helpeth our infirmities, Rom. 8:26."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Must we in prayer make confession of sin?", "answer": "Yes: I prayed to the Lord my God, and made my confession, Dan. 9:4."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "And must we give thanks for mercies received?", "answer": "Yes: Enter into his gates with thanksgiving, Ps. 100:4."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Must we be constant in prayer?", "answer": "Yes: I gave myself unto prayer, Ps. 109:4."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "And humble in prayer?", "answer": "Yes: For we are but dust and ashes, Gen. 18:27."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "And earnest in prayer?", "answer": "Yes: Always labouring fervently in prayer, Col 4:12."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Must we in sincerity set God before us in prayer?", "answer": "Yes: Let us draw near with a true heart, Heb. 10:22."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "Must we pray in charity?", "answer": "Yes: Lifting up pure hands without wrath, 1 Tim. 2:8."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Will God hear and accept those who thus pray to him?", "answer": "Yes: He never said to the seed of Jacob, seek ye me in vain, Isa. 45:19."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "But will the love of sin spoil the success of prayer?", "answer": "Yes: If I regard iniquity in my heart, God will not hear me, Ps. 66:18."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "99", "sort_key": 99, "question": "What rule hath God given for our direction in prayer?", "answer": "The whole word of God is of use to direct us in prayer, but the special rule of direction is that form of prayer which Christ taught his disciples, commonly called, The Lord's Prayer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Do we need direction in prayer?", "answer": "Yes: For we know not what we should pray for as we ought, Rom. 8:26."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Should we pray to God for direction?", "answer": "Yes: Lord, teach us to pray, Luke 11:1."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Hath he given us direction in prayer?", "answer": "Yes: Take with you words, and turn to the Lord, Hos. 14:2."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is the whole word of God of use to direct us?", "answer": "Yes: I will show thee that which is noted in the Scripture of truth, Dan. 10:21. compare 2 Chron. 9:23."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is the Lord's Prayer to be used as a directory for prayer?", "answer": "Yes: After this manner therefore pray ye, Matt. 6:9."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "And is it to be used as a form of prayer?", "answer": "Yes: When ye pray, say, Our Father, Luke 11:2."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "100", "sort_key": 100, "question": "What does the preface of the Lord's Prayer teach us?", "answer": "The preface of the Lord's Prayer, which is, Our Father which art in heaven, teaches us to draw near to God with all holy reverence and confidence, as children to a Father able and ready to help us, and that we should pray with and for others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is God our Father?", "answer": "Yes: Doubtless thou art our Father, Isa. 63:16."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Does he appoint us to call him so?", "answer": "Yes: Wilt thou not from this time cry unto me, My Father, thou art the guide of my youth, Jer. 3:4."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is he our Father by creation?", "answer": "Yes: Have we not all one Father? Hath not one God created us? Mal. 2:10."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "And by redemption?", "answer": "Yes: Is not he thy Father that bought thee? Deut. 32:6."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "And by adoption?", "answer": "Yes: I will be a Father to them, 2 Cor. 6:18."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Is God a wise Father?", "answer": "Yes: The Father of lights, Jam. 1:17."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Is he a gracious Father?", "answer": "Yes: The Father of mercies, 2 Cor. 1:3."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Is he our soul's Father?", "answer": "Yes: The Father of spirits, Heb. 12:9."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Is he the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ?", "answer": "Yes: I bow my knee to the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, Eph. 3:14."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Is he in him our Father?", "answer": "Yes: I ascend to my Father, and your Father, John 20:17."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Are we in prayer to call God Father?", "answer": "Yes; Crying Abba, Father, Gal. 4:6."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And to esteem him as a Father?", "answer": "Yes: I will arise and go to my Father, and say unto him, Father, Luke 15:18."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And is this comfortable in prayer?", "answer": "Yes: For with thee the fatherless find mercy, Hos. 14:3."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is God our Father in heaven?", "answer": "Yes: For the Lord's throne is in heaven, Ps. 11:4."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Is heaven a high place?", "answer": "Yes: And we must lift up our hearts with our hands to God in the heavens, Lam. 3:41."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Is it a holy place?", "answer": "Yes: And we must lift up holy hands, 1 Tim. 2:8."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "Is it a place of prospect?", "answer": "Yes: And therefore our Father sees in secret, Matt. 6:6."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "Is it a place of power?", "answer": "Yes: And therefore he is able to do above all that we ask or think, Eph. 3:20."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Ought we therefore to pray with reverence?", "answer": "Yes: For God is in heaven, and we upon earth, Eccl. 5:2."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "And with holy confidence?", "answer": "Yes: For we have boldness and access with confidence, Eph. 3:12."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "For is God a Father who is able to help us?", "answer": "Yes: My Father is greater than all, John 10:29."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Does he know our wants?", "answer": "Yes: Your heavenly Father knows that ye have need of all these things, Matt. 6:32."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Is he willing to help?", "answer": "Yes: For the Father himself loveth you, John 16:27."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Must we pray with others?", "answer": "Yes: There were many gathered together praying, Acts 12:12."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "Must we pray for others?", "answer": "Yes: We must make supplication for all saints, Eph. 6:18."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "101", "sort_key": 101, "question": "What do we pray for in the first petition?", "answer": "In the first petition, which is, Hallowed be thy Name, we pray, that God would enable us, and others, to glorify him in all that whereby he maketh himself known, and that he would dispose all things to his own glory.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Ought we to desire the glory of God in the first place?", "answer": "Yes: That God in all things may be glorified, 1 Pet. 4:11."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Is God glorified when his name is glorified?", "answer": "Yes: They shall worship before thee, O Lord, and shall glorify thy name, Ps. 86:9."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Is God's name glorified when it is sanctified or hallowed?", "answer": "Yes: For he is glorious in holiness, Exod. 15:11."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Ought we therefore to sanctify it?", "answer": "Yes: Sanctify the Lord God in your hearts, 1 Pet. 3:15."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Are we to pray that we ourselves may be enabled to glorify God?", "answer": "Yes: Open thou my lips and my mouth shall show forth thy praise, Ps. 51:15."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "And that we may live for that end?", "answer": "Yes: Let my soul live, and it shall praise thee, Ps. 119:175."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "And be delivered for that end?", "answer": "Yes: Bring my soul out of prison that I may praise thy name, Ps. 142:7."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "And are we to pray that others also may he enabled to glorify him?", "answer": "Yes: That they may glorify our Father which is in heaven, Matt. 5:16."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Do we here pray for the propagating of the knowledge of God?", "answer": "Yes: That thy way may be known upon earth, thy saving health among all nations, Ps. 67:2."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And for the conversion of souls to him?", "answer": "Yes: Let the people praise thee, O God, let all the people praise thee Ps. 67:3."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And for the success of the gospel?", "answer": "Yes: That the word of the Lord may have free course, and be glorified, 2 Thess. 3:1."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "Do we pray for the fruitfulness of Christians?", "answer": "Yes: That they may be filled with the fruits of righteousness, which are by Jesus Christ, to the glory and praise of God, Phil. 1:11."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "And for the flourishing of the churches of Christ?", "answer": "Yes: That they may be called trees of righteousness, the planting of the Lord, that he might be glorified, Isa. 61:3."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Do we pray that God would glorify himself?", "answer": "Yes: Father, glorify thy name, John 12:28."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "And are we sure he will do it?", "answer": "Yes: For there came a voice from heaven, saying, I have both glorified it, and I will glorify it yet again, John 12:28."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Do we pray that he would exalt his own name?", "answer": "Yes: Be thou exalted, O Lord, in thine own strength, Ps. 21:13."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "And are we sure he will do it?", "answer": "Yes: I will be exalted among the heathen, I will be exalted in the earth, Ps. 46:10."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "May we plead this with him?", "answer": "Yes: What wilt thou do to thy great name? Josh 7:9."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Do we pray that God would bring glory to himself out of all events?", "answer": "Yes: To thy name give glory, Ps. 115:1."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Even out of those events that seem contrary?", "answer": "Yes: That the wrath of man may praise him, Ps. 76:10."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Must we desire it concerning ourselves?", "answer": "Yes: That we may be unto him for a name, and for a praise, and for a glory, Jer. 13:11."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "And concerning all our affairs?", "answer": "Yes: That Christ may be magnified in my body both by life and death, Phil. 1:20."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "102", "sort_key": 102, "question": "What do we pray for in the second petition?", "answer": "In the second petition, which is, Thy kingdom come, we pray, that Satan's kingdom may be destroyed, and that the kingdom of grace may be advanced, ourselves and others brought into it, and kept in it, and that the kingdom of glory may be hastened.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Must we acknowledge our heavenly Father's kingdom?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord is king for ever and ever, Ps. 10:16."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "And must we admire it?", "answer": "Yes: We must speak of the glory of his kingdom, Ps. 145:11."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Must we own him to be our King?", "answer": "Yes: Thou art my king, O God, Ps. 44:4."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Must we heartily wish well to his kingdom?", "answer": "Yes: Seek ye first the kingdom of God, Matt. 6:33."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Has Satan a kingdom in opposition to God's kingdom?", "answer": "Yes: For he is the prince of this world, John 12:31."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Does he rule where sin rules?", "answer": "Yes: For he works in the children of disobedience, Eph. 2:2."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Must we pray that that kingdom may be destroyed?", "answer": "Yes: The Lord rebuke thee, O Satan, even the Lord that has chosen Jerusalem, rebuke thee, Zech. 3:2."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Must we pray that the dominion of sin may be broken?", "answer": "Yes: O let the wickedness of the wicked come to an end, Ps. 7:9."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "And that the power of the church's enemies may be crushed?", "answer": "Yes: So let all thine enemies perish, O Lord, Judg. 5:31."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "And their policies blasted?", "answer": "Yes: Lord turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness, 2 Sam. 15:31."}, {"item_id": "2g", "question": "And their projects defeated?", "answer": "Yes: O my God, make them like a wheel, Ps. 83:13."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Have we reason to hope that Satan's kingdom shall be destroyed in the hearts of believers?", "answer": "Yes: For the God of peace shall tread Satan under your feet shortly, Rom. 16:20."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And that it shall be destroyed in the world?", "answer": "Yes: For I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven, Luke 10:18."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "So destroyed that it shall not destroy the church?", "answer": "Yes: For the church is built upon a rock, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it, Matt. 16:18."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is the kingdom of Christ our Father's kingdom?", "answer": "Yes: I have set my King upon my holy hill of Zion, Ps. 2:6."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Must we pray that that may be advanced?", "answer": "Yes: Prayer shall be made for him continually, Ps. 72:15."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "That we and others may be brought into it?", "answer": "Yes: That Christ may dwell in your heart by faith, Eph. 3:17."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "And kept in it?", "answer": "Yes: That we may be preserved blameless to the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, 1 Thess. 5:23."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Are we to pray for converting grace?", "answer": "Yes: Turn thou me, and I shall be turned, Jer. 31:18."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "And that others may partake of that grace?", "answer": "Yes: That sinners may be converted unto thee, Ps. 51:13."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Are we to pray for confirming grace?", "answer": "Yes: That God would comfort your hearts, and stablish you in every good word and work, 2 Thess. 2:17."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Are we to pray for the strengthening of faith?", "answer": "Yes: Lord, increase our faith, Luke 17:5."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "And the increase of love?", "answer": "Yes: This I pray, that your love may abound yet more and more, Phil. 1:9."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Are we to pray for the advancement of the kingdom of light?", "answer": "Yes: O send out thy light and thy truth, Ps. 43:3."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "And the kingdom of holiness?", "answer": "Yes: The God of peace sanctify you wholly, 1 Thess. 5:23."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "And the kingdom of love?", "answer": "Yes: That they all may be one, John 17:21."}, {"item_id": "6d", "question": "Must we pray for the sending forth of ministers in order hereunto?", "answer": "Yes: Pray the Lord of the harvest that he would send forth labourers into his harvest, Matt. 9:38."}, {"item_id": "6e", "question": "And for the presence of God with them?", "answer": "Yes: That utterance may be given to them, Eph. 6:19."}, {"item_id": "7a", "question": "Are we to pray for the prosperity of the church?", "answer": "Yes: Pray for the peace of Jerusalem, Ps. 122:6."}, {"item_id": "7b", "question": "And for the welfare of all who belong to it?", "answer": "Yes: Let all those that seek thee rejoice and be glad in thee, Ps. 70:4."}, {"item_id": "7c", "question": "And for the comfort of all good Christians?", "answer": "Yes: Grace be with all them that love our Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity, Eph. 6:24."}, {"item_id": "7d", "question": "Must we pray for the enlargement of the church?", "answer": "Yes: My heart's desire and prayer to God for Israel is that they may be saved, Rom. 10:1."}, {"item_id": "7e", "question": "And for the reformation of it?", "answer": "Yes: Turn us again, O Lord God of hosts, Ps. 80:19."}, {"item_id": "7f", "question": "And for the defence of it?", "answer": "Yes: Build thou the walls of Jerusalem, Ps. 51:18."}, {"item_id": "7g", "question": "And for the deliverance of it?", "answer": "Yes: Command deliverances for Jacob, Ps. 44:4."}, {"item_id": "8a", "question": "May we pray in faith for the advancement and continuance of Christ's kingdom?", "answer": "Yes: For of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end, Isa. 9:7."}, {"item_id": "8b", "question": "And have we reason to triumph in this?", "answer": "Yes: Hallelujah, for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth, Rev. 19:6."}, {"item_id": "9a", "question": "Is the kingdom of glory yet to come?", "answer": "Yes: When the mystery of God shall be finished, Rev. 10:7."}, {"item_id": "9b", "question": "Are we to pray that that may be hastened?", "answer": "Yes: Looking for, and hastening unto, the coming of the day of God, 2 Pet. 3:12."}, {"item_id": "9c", "question": "Are we to desire our own removal to that glory at death?", "answer": "Yes: Desiring to be clothed upon with our house which is from heaven, 2 Cor. 5:2."}, {"item_id": "9d", "question": "Are we to pray that we may be ready for it?", "answer": "Yes: Watch therefore, and pray always, Luke 21:36."}, {"item_id": "9e", "question": "And then that it may be hastened?", "answer": "Yes: Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, Luke 2:29."}, {"item_id": "9f", "question": "Are we to pray for Christ's second coming at the end of time?", "answer": "Yes: Amen, even so come, Lord Jesus, Rev. 22:20."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "103", "sort_key": 103, "question": "What do we pray for in the third petition?", "answer": "In the third petition, which is, Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven, we pray that God by his grace would make us able and willing to know, obey, and submit to his will in all things, as the angels do in heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Is the will of God's commands the rule of our action?", "answer": "Yes: We must understand what the will of the Lord is, Eph. 5:17."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Are we to pray that we may conform to this rule?", "answer": "Yes: That we may prove what is the good, and acceptable, and perfect will of God, Rom. 12:2."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Must we pray that God would give us to know his will?", "answer": "Yes: Give me understanding, and I shall keep thy law, Ps. 119:34."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "And to know it fully?", "answer": "Yes: That ye may be filled with the knowledge of his will, Col. 1:9."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "And to know it in doubtful cases?", "answer": "Yes: Teach me thy way, O Lord, lead me in a plain path, Ps. 27:11."}, {"item_id": "1f", "question": "So all who are sanctified truly desire to know God's will?", "answer": "Yes: What saith my Lord unto his servant? Josh. 5:14."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "When we know God's will, are we able of ourselves to do it?", "answer": "No: We are not sufficient of ourselves, 2 Cor. 3:5."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Must we therefore pray to God to make us able?", "answer": "Yes: Now, therefore, O God, strengthen my hands, Neh. 6:9."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "And must we depend upon his grace?", "answer": "Yes: I will go in the strength of the Lord God, Ps. 71:16."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Must we pray to God to make us willing?", "answer": "Yes: Incline my heart unto thy testimonies, Ps. 119:36."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "And to make us entirely willing?", "answer": "Yes: Unite my heart to fear thy name, Ps. 36:11."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Must we pray that we may be sincere in our obedience?", "answer": "Yes: Let my heart be sound in thy statutes, Ps. 119:80."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And that we may be exact in our obedience?", "answer": "Yes: O that my ways were directed to keep thy commandments! Ps. 119:5."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And that we may be universal in our obedience?", "answer": "Yes: That we may stand complete in all the will of God, Col. 4:12."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "And that we may be armed against that which would divert us from our obedience?", "answer": "Yes: Turn away mine eyes from beholding vanity, and quicken thou me in thy way, Ps. 119:37."}, {"item_id": "3e", "question": "And must we pray that others also may do God's will?", "answer": "Yes: That they may be perfect in every good work, to do his will, Heb. 13:21."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Is the will of God's counsel the rule of his actions?", "answer": "Yes: For he worketh all according to the counsel of his own will, Eph. 1:11."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "Must we desire that this may be done?", "answer": "Yes: The will of the Lord be done, Acts 21:14."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "Rather than our own will?", "answer": "Yes: Not as I will, but as thou wilt, Matt. 26:39."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "And must we acquiesce in it?", "answer": "Yes: It is the Lord, let him do what seemeth him good, 1 Sam. 3:18."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "And must we pray that he will enable us to do so?", "answer": "Yes: That we may be strengthened with all might, unto all patience and longsuffering, with joyfulness, Col. 1:11."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Do the angels in heaven do the will of God?", "answer": "Yes: They do his commandments, hearkening to the voice of his word, Ps. 103:20."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Do they do it readily?", "answer": "Yes: They fly swiftly, Dan. 9:21."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Do they do it zealously?", "answer": "Yes: For they are a flaming fire, Ps. 104:4."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Do they do it with an eye to God?", "answer": "Yes: For they always behold the face of our Father, Matt. 18:10."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "And are we to pray that God's will may so be done on earth?", "answer": "Yes: That the kingdoms of this world may become the kingdoms of our Lord, and of his Christ, Rev. 11:15."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "104", "sort_key": 104, "question": "What do we pray for in the fourth petition?", "answer": "In the fourth petition, which is, Give us this day our daily bread, we pray, that of God's free gift we may receive a competent portion of the good things of this life, and enjoy his blessing with them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Are we to pray for the good things of this life?", "answer": "Yes: For the Lord is for the body, 1 Cor. 6:13."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Must we go to God for them?", "answer": "Yes: For he giveth to all life, and breath, and all things, Acts 17:25."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Must we go to him for the comfort of them?", "answer": "Yes: For he gives us richly all things to enjoy, 1 Tim. 6:17."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Do we deserve the good things of this life?", "answer": "No: We are less than the least of all God's mercies, Gen. 32:10."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Must we therefore beg them of God as a free gift?", "answer": "Yes: God gives the dew of heaven, Gen. 27:28."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Are we to pray for riches?", "answer": "No: Lest we be full, and say who is the Lord? Prov. 30:9."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Are we to pray for dainties?", "answer": "No: Be not desirous of dainties, for they are deceitful meat, Prov. 23:3."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Are we to be content with such a competent portion of these things as God sees fit for us?", "answer": "Yes: Having food and raiment, let us be therewith content, 1 Tim. 6:8."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "Are we to pray for that?", "answer": "Yes: Feed me with food convenient for me, Prov. 30:8."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "And need we desire any more?", "answer": "No: If God will be with me, and keep me in the way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and raiment to put on, so that I come to my heavenly Father's house in peace, then the Lord shall be my God, Gen. 28:20, 21."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Are we to pray each day for the bread of the day?", "answer": "Yes: For the morrow shall take thought for the things of itself, Matt 6:34."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And must we pray for our bread honestly gotten?", "answer": "Yes: For with quietness we must work, and eat our own bread, 2 Thess. 3:12."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And have we encouragement to pray for this?", "answer": "Yes: For godliness hath the promise of the life that now is, 1 Tim. 4:8."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Do we herein pray for health?", "answer": "Yes: For God is our life, and the length of our days, Deut. 30:20."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "And for success in our callings?", "answer": "Yes: Establish thou the work of our hands upon us, Ps. 90:17."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And for sleep?", "answer": "Yes: For so he giveth his beloved sleep, Ps. 127:2."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "And for seasonable weather?", "answer": "Yes: Ask ye of the Lord rain, Zech. 10:1."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Must we pray for God's blessing on what we have?", "answer": "Yes: For man liveth not by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God, Matt. 4:4."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "And is it then comfortable to us?", "answer": "Yes: For it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer, 1 Tim. 4:5."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Must we pray most earnestly for bread for our souls?", "answer": "Yes: Lord, evermore give us that bread, John 6:34."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Are we to pray for others' prosperity, as well as for our own?", "answer": "Yes: I wish that thou mayest prosper, and be in health, even as thy soul prospereth, 3 John 1:2."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "And for the supply of the poor and needy?", "answer": "Yes: That he will abundantly bless our provision, and satisfy our poor with bread, Ps. 132:15."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "105", "sort_key": 105, "question": "What do we pray for in the fifth petition?", "answer": "In the fifth petition, which is, And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors, we pray, that God, for Christ's sake, would freely pardon all our sins; which we are the rather encouraged to ask, because by his grace we are enabled from the heart to forgive others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Are our sins our debts to God?", "answer": "Yes: There was a certain creditor that had two debtors, etc. Luke 7:41."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Are they great debts?", "answer": "Yes: Ten thousand talents, Matt. 18:24."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Can we discharge these debts ourselves ?", "answer": "No: We have nothing to pay, Luke 7:42."}, {"item_id": "1d", "question": "Are we liable to the prison of hell then?", "answer": "Yes: Not to depart thence till we have paid the last mite, Luke 12:58,59."}, {"item_id": "1e", "question": "Is it possible to obtain the forgiveness of this debt?", "answer": "Yes: There is forgiveness with thee, Ps. 130:4."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Are we to pray for the forgiveness of these debts?", "answer": "Yes: Enter not into judgment with thy servant, O Lord, Ps. 143:2."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "And to pray earnestly for it?", "answer": "Yes: For thy name's sake, O Lord, pardon mine iniquity, Ps. 25:11."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "Must we plead God's mercies?", "answer": "Yes: According to the multitude of thy tender mercies blot out my transgressions, Ps. 51:1."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "And Christ's merits?", "answer": "Yes: Through the redemption that is in Jesus, Rom. 3:24."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Must we pray for it every day?", "answer": "Yes: When we pray, Give us our daily bread, we must pray, Forgive us our debts."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Must we pray that God would ease us of the burden of sin?", "answer": "Yes: Take away all iniquity, Hos. 14:2."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And that he would cleanse us from the filth of sin?", "answer": "Yes: Wash me thoroughly from mine iniquity, Ps. 51:2."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And cure us of the wounds of sin?", "answer": "Yes: Heal my soul, for I have sinned against thee, Ps. 12:4."}, {"item_id": "3d", "question": "And save us from the punishment of sin?", "answer": "Yes: I will say unto God, do not condemn me, Job 10:2."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Must we pray to God to give us that grace which will qualify us for pardon?", "answer": "Yes: For Christ is exalted to give repentance and remission, Acts 5:31."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "And that he would give us the comfort of our pardon?", "answer": "Yes: Make me to hear joy and gladness, Ps. 51:8."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And must we, in order hereunto, be particular in confessing sin?", "answer": "Yes: Declare, that thou mayest be justified, Isa. 43:26."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Must we forgive those who have provoked us?", "answer": "Yes: Forbearing one another, and forgiving one another, if any man have a quarrel against any, Col. 3:13."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Must we bear them no malice?", "answer": "No: Grudge not one against another, brethren, lest ye he condemned, Jam. 5:9."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Must we be ready to be reconciled to them?", "answer": "Yes: When ye stand praying, forgive if ye have ought against any, Mark 11:25."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Should we be merciful to those that we have advantage against?", "answer": "Yes: Thou shouldest have had compassion on thy fellow-servant as I had pity on thee, Matt. 18:33."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "Is this required to qualify, us for the pardon of sin?", "answer": "Yes: If Ye forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you, Matt. 6:14."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "Will God forgive those that do not forgive?", "answer": "No: If ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive yours, Matt. 6:15."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "106", "sort_key": 106, "question": "What do we pray for in the sixth petition?", "answer": "In the sixth petition, which is, And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil, we pray, that God would either keep us from being tempted to sin, or support and deliver us when we are tempted.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Must we pray that we may not be tempted?", "answer": "Yes: Watch and pray, that ye enter not into temptation, Matt. 26:41."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "And that temptations may be removed?", "answer": "Yes: I besought the Lord thrice, that it might depart from me, 2 Cor. 12:8."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "And that we may not be overcome by them?", "answer": "Yes: Let no iniquity have dominion over me, Ps. 119:133."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Must we pray that God would not leave us to ourselves?", "answer": "Yes: Incline not my heart to any evil thing, Ps. 141:4."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "And that he would not withdraw the assistance of his grace?", "answer": "Yes: Take not thy Holy Spirit away from me, Ps. 51:11."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "But that he would strengthen us against every temptation?", "answer": "Yes: Uphold me with by free spirit, Ps. 51:12."}, {"item_id": "2d", "question": "And that he would preserve us through it?", "answer": "Yes: That our faith fail not, Luke 22:32."}, {"item_id": "2e", "question": "Have we encouragement to pray against temptation?", "answer": "Yes: For God is faithful, who will not suffer us to be tempted above what we are able, 1 Cor. 10:13."}, {"item_id": "2f", "question": "And is prayer a part of our spiritual armour ?", "answer": "Yes: Praying always, Eph. 6:13,18."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "Must we dread sin as the worst evil?", "answer": "Yes: That I should be afraid, and do so, and sin, Neh. 6:13."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And must we pray to be kept from it?", "answer": "Yes: To be delivered from every evil work, 2 Tim. 4:18."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And from all occasions of it?", "answer": "Yes: Turn away mine eyes from beholding vanity, Ps. 119:37."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "Must we pray against pride?", "answer": "Yes: That he may hide pride from man, Job 33:17."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "And against lying?", "answer": "Yes: Remove from me the way of lying, Ps. 119:29."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And against sensuality?", "answer": "Yes: Let me not eat of their dainties, Ps. 140:4."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "And against uncleanness?", "answer": "Yes: Create in me a clean heart, O God, Ps. 51:10."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "And against covetousness?", "answer": "Yes: Incline my heart to thy testimonies, and not to covetousness, Ps. 119:36."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "And against all tongue-sins?", "answer": "Yes: Set a watch, O Lord, before the door of my mouth, keep the door of my lips, Ps. 141:3."}, {"item_id": "4g", "question": "Must we pray especially against wilful sin?", "answer": "Yes: Keep back thy servant from presumptuous sins, Ps. 19:15."}, {"item_id": "4h", "question": "Must we pray that others also may be kept from sin?", "answer": "Yes: I pray to God that ye do no evil, 2 Cor. 13:7."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Must we pray to be delivered from other evil?", "answer": "Yes: Keep me from evil that it may not grieve me, 1 Chron. 4:10."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Must our eye be to God for our preservation?", "answer": "Yes: Hide me under the shadow of thy wings, Ps. 17:8."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "May we take encouragement in this prayer from God's power?", "answer": "Yes: For he is able to keep that which we have committed to him, 2 Tim. 1:12."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "And from his promise?", "answer": "Yes: There shall no evil befall thee, Ps. 91:10."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "And from our own experience?", "answer": "Yes: He that has delivered does deliver, in whom we trust that he will yet deliver, 2 Cor. 1:10."}]}
{"_source_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "_source_title": "Matthew Henry's Scripture Catechism", "_author": "Matthew Henry", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/westminsterassem00west/mode/2up", "document_id": "matthew-henrys-scripture-catechism", "item_id": "107", "sort_key": 107, "question": "What does the conclusion of the Lord's Prayer teach us?", "answer": "The conclusion of the Lord's Prayer, which is, For thine is the kingdom, the power, and the glory, forever, Amen, teaches us to take our encouragement in prayer from God only, and in our prayers to praise him, ascribing kingdom, power, and glory to him; and in testimony of our desire and assurance to be heard, we say, Amen.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1a", "question": "Are we in prayer to plead with God?", "answer": "Yes: I would order my cause before him, and fill my mouth with arguments, Job 23:4."}, {"item_id": "1b", "question": "Are our pleadings to move God?", "answer": "No: For he is in one mind, and who can turn him, Job 23:13."}, {"item_id": "1c", "question": "Are they to move ourselves?", "answer": "Yes: That we may stir up ourselves to take hold on God, Isa. 64:7."}, {"item_id": "2a", "question": "Can we in prayer plead any merit of our own?", "answer": "No: We do not present our supplications before thee for our righteousness, Dan. 9:18."}, {"item_id": "2b", "question": "Must we therefore take our encouragement from God only?", "answer": "Yes: Defer not for thine own sake, O my God, Dan. 9:19."}, {"item_id": "2c", "question": "And must we depend on that encouragement?", "answer": "Yes: Now, Lord, what wait I for? my hope is in thee, Ps. 39:7."}, {"item_id": "3a", "question": "May we plead that his is the kingdom?", "answer": "Yes: Art not thou God in heaven? and rulest not thou over all the kingdoms of the heathen? 2 Chron. 20:6."}, {"item_id": "3b", "question": "And that his is the power?", "answer": "Yes: There is nothing too hard for thee, Jer. 32:17."}, {"item_id": "3c", "question": "And that his is the glory?", "answer": "Yes: Help us, O God of our salvation, for the glory of thy name, Ps. 79:9."}, {"item_id": "4a", "question": "May we also plead his mercy?", "answer": "Yes: Save me for thy mercy's sake, Ps. 6:4."}, {"item_id": "4b", "question": "And his promise?", "answer": "Yes: Remember thy word unto thy servant, Ps. 119:49."}, {"item_id": "4c", "question": "And our own experience of his goodness?", "answer": "Yes: Thou hast delivered my soul from death, wilt thou not deliver my feet from falling? Ps. 56:13."}, {"item_id": "4d", "question": "But must we especially plead the mediation of his Son?", "answer": "Yes: Look upon the face of thine Anointed, Ps. 84:9."}, {"item_id": "4e", "question": "And may we hope to prevail in these pleadings?", "answer": "Yes: For the effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much, Jam. 5:16."}, {"item_id": "4f", "question": "Is it God's grace in us which alone qualifies us for his favour?", "answer": "Yes: Thou wilt prepare their heart, and then thou wilt cause thine ear to hear. Ps. 10:17."}, {"item_id": "5a", "question": "Are we in prayer to praise God?", "answer": "Yes: Every day will I bless thee, Ps. 145."}, {"item_id": "5b", "question": "Are we to ascribe kingdom, power, and glory to him?", "answer": "Yes: Blessing, and honour, and glory, and power, be unto him that sits upon the throne, Rev. 5:13."}, {"item_id": "5c", "question": "Must we acknowledge them to be his?", "answer": "Yes: Thine, O Lord, is the greatness, and the power, and the glory, and the victory, and the majesty, 1 Chron. 29:11."}, {"item_id": "5d", "question": "Must we acknowledge them to be his for ever?", "answer": "Yes: Thy kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, Ps. 145:13."}, {"item_id": "5e", "question": "And must we desire to be for ever praising him?", "answer": "Yes: I will sing praise to my God while I have my being, Ps. 104:33."}, {"item_id": "5f", "question": "Is the work of praise good work?", "answer": "Yes: It is pleasant, and praise is comely, Ps. 147:1."}, {"item_id": "6a", "question": "Does Amen signify our desire to be heard?", "answer": "Yes: So be it, O Lord, Jer. 11:5."}, {"item_id": "6b", "question": "And our hope that we shall be heard?", "answer": "Yes: We know that we have the petitions that we desired of him, 1 John 5:15."}, {"item_id": "6c", "question": "Is it therefore proper to conclude our prayers and praises with Amen?", "answer": "Yes: Let all the people say, Amen. Hallelujah, Ps. 106:48."}]}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "1", "sort_key": 1, "question": "What is the chief end of man?", "answer": "Man's chief end is to glorify God, and to enjoy him for ever", "answer_with_proofs": "Man's chief end is to glorify God, [1] and to enjoy him for ever [2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.31", "osis": ["1Cor.10.31"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.73.25-Ps.73.26", "osis": ["Ps.73.25-Ps.73.26"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "2", "sort_key": 2, "question": "What rule has God given to direct us how we may glorify him?", "answer": "The Word of God which is contained in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments is the only rule to direct us how we may glorify God and enjoy him.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Word of God which is contained in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments [1] is the only rule to direct us how we may glorify God and enjoy him [2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.2.20", "osis": ["Eph.2.20"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.3.16", "osis": ["2Tim.3.16"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1John.1.3", "osis": ["1John.1.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "3", "sort_key": 3, "question": "What do the Scriptures principally teach?", "answer": "The Scriptures principally teach what man is to believe concerning God, and what duty God requires of man.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Scriptures principally teach what man is to believe concerning God, and what duty God requires of man [1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.1.13", "osis": ["2Tim.1.13"]}, {"raw": "Eccl.12.13", "osis": ["Eccl.12.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "4", "sort_key": 4, "question": "What is God?", "answer": "God is Spirit, infinite, eternal, and unchangeable, in his being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness and truth.", "answer_with_proofs": "God is Spirit [1], infinite [2], eternal [3], and unchangeable [4], in his being, [5], wisdom, power [6], holiness [7], justice, goodness and truth [8].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.4.24", "osis": ["John.4.24"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Job.11.7", "osis": ["Job.11.7"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.90.2", "osis": ["Ps.90.2"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.1.17", "osis": ["1Tim.1.17"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Jas.1.17", "osis": ["Jas.1.17"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.3.14", "osis": ["Exod.3.14"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.147.5", "osis": ["Ps.147.5"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Rev.4.8", "osis": ["Rev.4.8"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.34.6-Exod.34.7", "osis": ["Exod.34.6-Exod.34.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "5", "sort_key": 5, "question": "Are there more Gods than one?", "answer": "There is but one only, the living and true God.", "answer_with_proofs": "There is but one only [1], the living and true God [2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.6.4", "osis": ["Deut.6.4"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.10.10", "osis": ["Jer.10.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "6", "sort_key": 6, "question": "How many persons are there in the Godhead?", "answer": "There are three persons in the Godhead, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, and these three are one God, the same in essence, equal in power and glory.", "answer_with_proofs": "There are three persons in the Godhead, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, and these three are one God, the same in essence, equal in power and glory [1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1John.5.7", "osis": ["1John.5.7"]}, {"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "7", "sort_key": 7, "question": "What are the decrees of God?", "answer": "The decrees of God are his eternal purpose according to the counsel of his own will, whereby for his own glory he has foreordained whatever comes to pass.", "answer_with_proofs": "The decrees of God are his eternal purpose according to the counsel of his own will, whereby for his own glory he has foreordained whatever comes to pass [1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.11-Eph.1.12", "osis": ["Eph.1.11-Eph.1.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "8", "sort_key": 8, "question": "How does God execute his decrees?", "answer": "God executes his decrees in the works of creation, and providence.", "answer_with_proofs": "God executes his decrees in the works of creation [1], and providence [2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rev.4.11", "osis": ["Rev.4.11"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Dan.4.35", "osis": ["Dan.4.35"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "9", "sort_key": 9, "question": "What is the work of creation?", "answer": "The work of creation is God's making all things of nothing, by the Word of his power, in six normal consecutive days, and all very good.", "answer_with_proofs": "The work of creation is God's making all things [1] of nothing, by the Word of his power [2], in six normal consecutive days [3], and all very good [4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1.1", "osis": ["Gen.1.1"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.11.3", "osis": ["Heb.11.3"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.11", "osis": ["Exod.20.11"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1.31", "osis": ["Gen.1.31"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "10", "sort_key": 10, "question": "How did God create man?", "answer": "God created man, male and female, after his own image, in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness with dominion over the creatures.", "answer_with_proofs": "God created man, male and female, after his own image [1], in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness [2] with dominion over the creatures [3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1.27", "osis": ["Gen.1.27"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Col.3.10", "osis": ["Col.3.10"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.24", "osis": ["Eph.4.24"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1.28", "osis": ["Gen.1.28"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "11", "sort_key": 11, "question": "What are God's works of providence?", "answer": "God's works of providence are his most holy, wise, and powerful preserving and governing all his creatures, and all their actions.", "answer_with_proofs": "God's works of providence are his most holy [1], wise [2], and powerful [3] preserving and governing all his creatures, and all their actions [4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.145.17", "osis": ["Ps.145.17"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.28.29", "osis": ["Isa.28.29"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.1.3", "osis": ["Heb.1.3"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.103.19", "osis": ["Ps.103.19"]}, {"raw": "Matt.10.29", "osis": ["Matt.10.29"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "12", "sort_key": 12, "question": "What special act of providence did God exercise toward man in the state wherein he was created?", "answer": "When God had created man, he entered into a covenant of life with him, upon condition of perfect obedience, forbidding him to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, upon pain of death.", "answer_with_proofs": "When God had created man, he entered into a covenant of life with him, upon condition of perfect obedience [1], forbidding him to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, upon pain of death [2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.3.12", "osis": ["Gal.3.12"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.2.17", "osis": ["Gen.2.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "13", "sort_key": 13, "question": "Did our first parents continue in the state wherein they were created?", "answer": "Our first parents being left to the freedom of their own will, fell from the state wherein they were created, by sinning against God by eating the forbidden fruit.", "answer_with_proofs": "Our first parents being left to the freedom of their own will, fell from the state wherein they were created, by sinning against God [1] by eating the forbidden fruit [2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eccl.7.29", "osis": ["Eccl.7.29"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.3.6-Gen.3.8", "osis": ["Gen.3.6-Gen.3.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "14", "sort_key": 14, "question": "What is sin?", "answer": "Sin is any want of conformity to, or transgression of the law of God.", "answer_with_proofs": "Sin is any want of conformity to, or transgression of the law of God [1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1John.3.4", "osis": ["1John.3.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "15", "sort_key": 15, "question": "Did all mankind fall in Adam's first transgression?", "answer": "The covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself but for his posterity, all mankind descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him in his first transgression.", "answer_with_proofs": "The covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself but for his posterity, all mankind descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him in his first transgression [1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.22", "osis": ["1Cor.15.22"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.12", "osis": ["Rom.5.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "16", "sort_key": 16, "question": "Into what estate did the fall bring mankind?", "answer": "The fall brought mankind into a state of sin and misery.", "answer_with_proofs": "The fall brought mankind into a state of sin and misery [1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.18", "osis": ["Rom.5.18"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "17", "sort_key": 17, "question": "Wherein consists the sinfulness of that state whereinto man fell?", "answer": "The sinfulness of that state whereinto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam's first sin, the want of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called original sin, together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sinfulness of that state whereinto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam's first sin [1], the want of original righteousness [2], and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called original sin [3], together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it [4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.19", "osis": ["Rom.5.19"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.10", "osis": ["Rom.3.10"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.2.1", "osis": ["Eph.2.1"]}, {"raw": "Ps.51.5", "osis": ["Ps.51.5"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.15.19", "osis": ["Matt.15.19"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "18", "sort_key": 18, "question": "What is the misery of that state whereinto man fell?", "answer": "All mankind, by their fall, lost communion with God, are under his wrath and curse, and so made liable to all the miseries in this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell for ever.", "answer_with_proofs": "All mankind, by their fall, lost communion with God [1], are under his wrath and curse [2], and so made liable to all the miseries in this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell for ever [3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.3.8,Gen.3.24", "osis": ["Gen.3.8", "Gen.3.24"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.2.3", "osis": ["Eph.2.3"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.10", "osis": ["Gal.3.10"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.23", "osis": ["Rom.6.23"]}, {"raw": "Matt.25.41", "osis": ["Matt.25.41"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "19", "sort_key": 19, "question": "Did God leave all mankind to perish in the state of sin and misery?", "answer": "God having, out of his good pleasure from all eternity, elected some to everlasting life did enter into a covenant of grace to deliver them out of the state of sin and misery, and to bring them into a state of salvation by a Redeemer.", "answer_with_proofs": "God having, out of his good pleasure from all eternity, elected some to everlasting life [1] did enter into a covenant of grace to deliver them out of the state of sin and misery, and to bring them into a state of salvation by a Redeemer [2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2Thess.2.13", "osis": ["2Thess.2.13"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.21", "osis": ["Rom.5.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "20", "sort_key": 20, "question": "Who is the Redeemer of God's elect?", "answer": "The only Redeemer of God's elect is the Lord Jesus Christ, who being the eternal Son of God, became man and so was and continues to be God and man, in two distinct natures and one person for ever.", "answer_with_proofs": "The only Redeemer of God's elect is the Lord Jesus Christ [1], who being the eternal Son of God, became man [2] and so was and continues to be God and man, in two distinct natures and one person for ever [3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.2.5", "osis": ["1Tim.2.5"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.14", "osis": ["John.1.14"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.3.16", "osis": ["1Tim.3.16"]}, {"raw": "Col.2.9", "osis": ["Col.2.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "21", "sort_key": 21, "question": "How did Christ, being the Son of God, become man?", "answer": "Christ, the son of God, became man by taking to himself a true body and a reasonable soul, being conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit in the Virgin Mary, and born of her yet without sin.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ, the son of God, became man by taking to himself a true body [1] and a reasonable soul [2], being conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit in the Virgin Mary, and born of her [3] yet without sin [4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.2.14", "osis": ["Heb.2.14"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.26.38", "osis": ["Matt.26.38"]}, {"raw": "Heb.4.15", "osis": ["Heb.4.15"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.1.31,Luke.1.35", "osis": ["Luke.1.31", "Luke.1.35"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.7.26", "osis": ["Heb.7.26"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "22", "sort_key": 22, "question": "What offices does Christ execute as our Redeemer?", "answer": "Christ as our Redeemer executes the offices of a prophet, of a priest, and of a king, both in his state of humiliation and exaltation.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ as our Redeemer executes the offices of a prophet [1], of a priest [2], and of a king [3], both in his state of humiliation and exaltation.", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.3.22", "osis": ["Acts.3.22"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.5.6", "osis": ["Heb.5.6"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.2.6", "osis": ["Ps.2.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "23", "sort_key": 23, "question": "How does Christ execute the office of a prophet?", "answer": "Christ executes the office of a prophet, in revealing to us, by his Word, and Spirit, the will of God for our salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ executes the office of a prophet, in revealing to us [1], by his Word [2], and Spirit [3], the will of God for our salvation.", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.18", "osis": ["John.1.18"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "John.20.31", "osis": ["John.20.31"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "John.14.26", "osis": ["John.14.26"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "24", "sort_key": 24, "question": "How does Christ execute the office of a priest?", "answer": "Christ executes the office of a priest, in his once offering up himself a sacrifice to satisfy divine justice, and to reconcile us to God and in making continual intercession for us.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ executes the office of a priest, in his once offering up himself a sacrifice to satisfy divine justice [1], and to reconcile us to God [2] and in making continual intercession for us [3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.9.28", "osis": ["Heb.9.28"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.2.17", "osis": ["Heb.2.17"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.7.25", "osis": ["Heb.7.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "25", "sort_key": 25, "question": "How does Christ execute the office of a king?", "answer": "Christ executes the office of a king in subduing us to himself, in ruling and defending us and in restraining and conquering all his and our enemies.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ executes the office of a king in subduing us to himself [1], in ruling and defending us [2] and in restraining and conquering all his and our enemies.", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.110.3", "osis": ["Ps.110.3"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.2.6", "osis": ["Matt.2.6"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.15.25", "osis": ["1Cor.15.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "26", "sort_key": 26, "question": "Wherein did Christ's humiliation consist?", "answer": "Christ's humiliation consisted in his being born, and that in a low condition made under the law, undergoing the miseries of this life, the wrath of God, and the cursed death of the cross; in being buried, and continuing under the power of death for a time.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ's humiliation consisted in his being born, and that in a low condition [1] made under the law [2], undergoing the miseries of this life [3], the wrath of God [4], and the cursed death of the cross [5]; in being buried, and continuing under the power of death for a time [6].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.2.7", "osis": ["Luke.2.7"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.4.4", "osis": ["Gal.4.4"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.53.3", "osis": ["Isa.53.3"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.27.46", "osis": ["Matt.27.46"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.2.8", "osis": ["Phil.2.8"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.12.40", "osis": ["Matt.12.40"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "27", "sort_key": 27, "question": "Wherein consists Christ's exaltation?", "answer": "Christ's exaltation consists in his rising again from the dead on the third day, in ascending up into heaven, and sitting at the right hand of God the Father, and in coming to judge the world at the last day.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ's exaltation consists in his rising again from the dead on the third day [1], in ascending up into heaven, and sitting at the right hand of God the Father [2], and in coming to judge the world at the last day [3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.4", "osis": ["1Cor.15.4"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Mark.16.19", "osis": ["Mark.16.19"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.17.31", "osis": ["Acts.17.31"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "28", "sort_key": 28, "question": "How are we made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ?", "answer": "We are made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ, by the effectual application of it to us by his Holy Spirit.", "answer_with_proofs": "We are made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ, by the effectual application of it to us [1] by his Holy Spirit [2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.12", "osis": ["John.1.12"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Titus.3.5-Titus.3.6", "osis": ["Titus.3.5-Titus.3.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "29", "sort_key": 29, "question": "How does the Spirit apply to us the redemption purchased by Christ?", "answer": "The Spirit applies to us the redemption purchased by Christ, by working faith in us and by it uniting us to Christ in our effectual calling.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Spirit applies to us the redemption purchased by Christ, by working faith in us [1] and by it uniting us to Christ in our effectual calling [2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.2.8", "osis": ["Eph.2.8"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.3.17", "osis": ["Eph.3.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "30", "sort_key": 30, "question": "What is effectual calling?", "answer": "Effectual calling is the work of God's Spirit whereby, convincing us of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, he does persuade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ freely offered to us in the gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": "Effectual calling is the work of God's Spirit [1] whereby, convincing us of our sin and misery [2], enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ [3], and renewing our wills [4], he does persuade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ freely offered to us in the gospel [5].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.1.9", "osis": ["2Tim.1.9"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.37", "osis": ["Acts.2.37"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.26.18", "osis": ["Acts.26.18"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.36.26", "osis": ["Ezek.36.26"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "John.6.44-John.6.45", "osis": ["John.6.44-John.6.45"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "31", "sort_key": 31, "question": "What benefits do they who are effectually called, partake of in this life?", "answer": "They who are effectually called, do in this life partake of justification, adoption, sanctification, and the various benefits which in this life do either accompany, or flow from them.", "answer_with_proofs": "They who are effectually called, do in this life partake of justification, [1], adoption [2], sanctification, and the various benefits which in this life do either accompany, or flow from them [3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.30", "osis": ["Rom.8.30"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.5", "osis": ["Eph.1.5"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.1.30", "osis": ["1Cor.1.30"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "32", "sort_key": 32, "question": "What is justification?", "answer": "Justification is an act of God's free grace, wherein he pardons all our sins, and accepts us as righteous in his sight only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us, and received by faith alone.", "answer_with_proofs": "Justification is an act of God's free grace, wherein he pardons all our sins [1], and accepts us as righteous in his sight [2] only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us [3], and received by faith alone [4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.24", "osis": ["Rom.3.24"]}, {"raw": "Eph.1.7", "osis": ["Eph.1.7"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.5.21", "osis": ["2Cor.5.21"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.19", "osis": ["Rom.5.19"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.2.16", "osis": ["Gal.2.16"]}, {"raw": "Phil.3.9", "osis": ["Phil.3.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "33", "sort_key": 33, "question": "What is adoption?", "answer": "Adoption is an act of God's free grace whereby we are received into the number, and have a right to all the privileges of the sons of God.", "answer_with_proofs": "Adoption is an act of God's free grace [1] whereby we are received into the number, and have a right to all the privileges of the sons of God [2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1John.3.1", "osis": ["1John.3.1"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.12", "osis": ["John.1.12"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.17", "osis": ["Rom.8.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "34", "sort_key": 34, "question": "What is sanctification?", "answer": "Sanctification is the work of God's Spirit whereby we are renewed in the whole man after the image of God and are enabled more and more to die to sin, and live to righteousness.", "answer_with_proofs": "Sanctification is the work of God's Spirit [1] whereby we are renewed in the whole man after the image of God [2] and are enabled more and more to die to sin, and live to righteousness [3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2Thess.2.13", "osis": ["2Thess.2.13"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.4.24", "osis": ["Eph.4.24"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.11", "osis": ["Rom.6.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "35", "sort_key": 35, "question": "What are the benefits which in this life do either accompany or flow from justification, adoption, and sanctification?", "answer": "The benefits which in this life do accompany or flow from justification, are assurance of God's love, peace of conscience, joy in the Holy Spirit, increase of grace, perseverance in it to the end.", "answer_with_proofs": "The benefits which in this life do accompany or flow from justification [1], are assurance of God's love, peace of conscience, joy in the Holy Spirit [2], increase of grace, perseverance in it to the end [3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.1-Rom.5.2,Rom.5.5", "osis": ["Rom.5.1-Rom.5.2", "Rom.5.5"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.14.17", "osis": ["Rom.14.17"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.4.18", "osis": ["Prov.4.18"]}, {"raw": "1John.5.13", "osis": ["1John.5.13"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.1.5", "osis": ["1Pet.1.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "36", "sort_key": 36, "question": "What benefits do believers receive from Christ at their death?", "answer": "The souls of believers are at their death made perfect in holiness and do immediately pass into glory, and their bodies, being still united to Christ do rest in their graves till the resurrection.", "answer_with_proofs": "The souls of believers are at their death made perfect in holiness [1] and do immediately pass into glory [2], and their bodies, being still united to Christ [3] do rest in their graves [4] till the resurrection [5].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.12.23", "osis": ["Heb.12.23"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.1.23", "osis": ["Phil.1.23"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.5.8", "osis": ["2Cor.5.8"]}, {"raw": "Luke.23.43", "osis": ["Luke.23.43"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Thess.4.14", "osis": ["1Thess.4.14"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.57.2", "osis": ["Isa.57.2"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Job.19.26", "osis": ["Job.19.26"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "37", "sort_key": 37, "question": "What benefits do believers receive from Christ at the resurrection?", "answer": "At the resurrection, believers being raised up in glory, shall be openly acknowledged and acquitted in the day of judgment, and made perfectly blessed both in soul and body in the full enjoying of God to all eternity.", "answer_with_proofs": "At the resurrection, believers being raised up in glory [1], shall be openly acknowledged and acquitted in the day of judgment [2], and made perfectly blessed both in soul and body in the full enjoying of God [3] to all eternity [4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.43", "osis": ["1Cor.15.43"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.10.32", "osis": ["Matt.10.32"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1John.3.2", "osis": ["1John.3.2"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Thess.4.17", "osis": ["1Thess.4.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "38", "sort_key": 38, "question": "What shall be done to the wicked at their death?", "answer": "The souls of the wicked shall at their death be cast into the torments of hell, and their bodies lie in their graves till the resurrection and judgment of the great day.", "answer_with_proofs": "The souls of the wicked shall at their death be cast into the torments of hell [1], and their bodies lie in their graves till the resurrection and judgment of the great day [2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.16.22-Luke.16.24", "osis": ["Luke.16.22-Luke.16.24"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.49.14", "osis": ["Ps.49.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "39", "sort_key": 39, "question": "What shall be done to the wicked at the day of judgment?", "answer": "At the day of judgment the bodies of the wicked being raised out of their graves, shall be sentenced, together with their souls, to unspeakable torments with the devil and his angels for ever.", "answer_with_proofs": "At the day of judgment the bodies of the wicked being raised out of their graves, shall be sentenced, together with their souls, to unspeakable torments with the devil and his angels for ever [1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Dan.12.2", "osis": ["Dan.12.2"]}, {"raw": "John.5.28-John.5.29", "osis": ["John.5.28-John.5.29"]}, {"raw": "2Thess.1.9", "osis": ["2Thess.1.9"]}, {"raw": "Matt.25.41", "osis": ["Matt.25.41"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "40", "sort_key": 40, "question": "What did God reveal to man for the rule of his obedience?", "answer": "The rule which God first revealed to man for his obedience is the moral law which is summarised in the ten commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": "The rule which God first revealed to man for his obedience is the moral law [1] which is summarised in the ten commandments.", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.10.4", "osis": ["Deut.10.4"]}, {"raw": "Matt.19.17", "osis": ["Matt.19.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "41", "sort_key": 41, "question": "What is the sum of the ten commandments?", "answer": "The sum of the ten commandments is to love the Lord our God with all our heart, with all our soul, with all our strength, and with all our mind; and our neighbour as ourselves.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sum of the ten commandments is to love the Lord our God with all our heart, with all our soul, with all our strength, and with all our mind; and our neighbour as ourselves [1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.22.37-Matt.22.40", "osis": ["Matt.22.37-Matt.22.40"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "42", "sort_key": 42, "question": "Which is the first commandment?", "answer": "The first commandment is, Thou shalt have no other gods before me.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "43", "sort_key": 43, "question": "What is required in the first commandment?", "answer": "The first commandment requires us to know, and acknowledge God to be the only true God, and our God, and to worship and glorify him accordingly.", "answer_with_proofs": "The first commandment requires us to know [1], and acknowledge God to be the only true God, and our God [2], and to worship and glorify him accordingly [3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Chr.28.9", "osis": ["1Chr.28.9"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.26.17", "osis": ["Deut.26.17"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.4.10", "osis": ["Matt.4.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "44", "sort_key": 44, "question": "Which is the second commandment?", "answer": "The second commandment is, \"Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.\"", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "45", "sort_key": 45, "question": "What is required in the second commandment?", "answer": "The second commandment requires the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire all such religious worship and ordinances as God has appointed in his Word.", "answer_with_proofs": "The second commandment requires the receiving, observing [1], and keeping pure and entire all such religious worship and ordinances as God has appointed in his Word [2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.32.46", "osis": ["Deut.32.46"]}, {"raw": "Matt.28.20", "osis": ["Matt.28.20"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.12.32", "osis": ["Deut.12.32"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "46", "sort_key": 46, "question": "What is forbidden in the second commandment?", "answer": "The second commandment forbids the worshipping of God by images. or any other way not appointed in his Word.", "answer_with_proofs": "The second commandment forbids the worshipping of God by images [1]. or any other way not appointed in his Word [2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.4.15-Deut.4.16", "osis": ["Deut.4.15-Deut.4.16"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Col.2.18", "osis": ["Col.2.18"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "47", "sort_key": 47, "question": "Which is the third commandment?", "answer": "The third commandment is, Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that takes his name in vain.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "48", "sort_key": 48, "question": "What is required in the third commandment?", "answer": "The third commandment requires the holy and reverent use of God's names, titles, attributes, ordinances, Word, and works.", "answer_with_proofs": "The third commandment requires the holy and reverent use of God's names [1], titles, attributes [2], ordinances [3], Word [4], and works [5].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.29.2", "osis": ["Ps.29.2"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rev.15.3-Rev.15.4", "osis": ["Rev.15.3-Rev.15.4"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Eccl.5.1", "osis": ["Eccl.5.1"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.138.2", "osis": ["Ps.138.2"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Job.36.24", "osis": ["Job.36.24"]}, {"raw": "Deut.28.58-Deut.28.59", "osis": ["Deut.28.58-Deut.28.59"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "49", "sort_key": 49, "question": "Which is the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The fourth commandment is, Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor they cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates. For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "50", "sort_key": 50, "question": "What is required in the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The fourth commandment requires the keeping holy to God such set times as he has appointed in his Word, expressly one whole day in seven, to be a holy Sabbath to himself.", "answer_with_proofs": "The fourth commandment requires the keeping holy to God such set times as he has appointed in his Word, expressly one whole day in seven, to be a holy Sabbath to himself [1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.19.30", "osis": ["Lev.19.30"]}, {"raw": "Deut.5.12", "osis": ["Deut.5.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "51", "sort_key": 51, "question": "How is the Sabbath to be sanctified?", "answer": "The Sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy resting all that day, even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other days, and spending the whole time in the public and private exercises of God's worship, except so much as is taken up in the works of necessity and mercy.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy resting all that day, even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other days [1], and spending the whole time in the public and private exercises of God's worship [2], except so much as is taken up in the works of necessity and mercy [3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.23.3", "osis": ["Lev.23.3"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.92.1-Ps.92.2", "osis": ["Ps.92.1-Ps.92.2"]}, {"raw": "Isa.58.13-Isa.58.14", "osis": ["Isa.58.13-Isa.58.14"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.12.11-Matt.12.12", "osis": ["Matt.12.11-Matt.12.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "52", "sort_key": 52, "question": "Which is the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The fifth commandment is, Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "53", "sort_key": 53, "question": "What is required in the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The fifth commandment requires the preserving the honour, and performing the duties belonging to every one in their various positions and relationships as superiors, inferiors, or equals.", "answer_with_proofs": "The fifth commandment requires the preserving the honour, and performing the duties belonging to every one in their various positions and relationships as superiors [1], inferiors [2], or equals [3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.5.21-Eph.5.22", "osis": ["Eph.5.21-Eph.5.22"]}, {"raw": "Eph.6.1,Eph.6.5,Rom.13.1", "osis": ["Eph.6.1", "Eph.6.5", "Rom.13.1"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.6.9", "osis": ["Eph.6.9"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.12.10", "osis": ["Rom.12.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "54", "sort_key": 54, "question": "What is the reason annexed to the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The reason annexed to the fifth commandment is, a promise of long life and prosperity -- as far as it shall serve for God's glory, and their own good -- to all such as keep this commandment.", "answer_with_proofs": "The reason annexed to the fifth commandment is, a promise of long life and prosperity -- as far as it shall serve for God's glory, and their own good -- to all such as keep this commandment [1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.6.2-Eph.6.3", "osis": ["Eph.6.2-Eph.6.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "55", "sort_key": 55, "question": "Which is the sixth commandment?", "answer": "The sixth commandment is, Thou shalt not kill.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "56", "sort_key": 56, "question": "What is forbidden in the sixth commandment?", "answer": "The sixth commandment forbids the taking away of our own life, or the life of our neighbour unjustly, or whatever tends to it.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sixth commandment forbids the taking away of our own life [1], or the life of our neighbour unjustly [2], or whatever tends to it [3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.16.28", "osis": ["Acts.16.28"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.9.6", "osis": ["Gen.9.6"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.24.11-Prov.24.12", "osis": ["Prov.24.11-Prov.24.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "57", "sort_key": 57, "question": "Which is the seventh commandment?", "answer": "The seventh commandment is, Thou shalt not commit adultery.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "58", "sort_key": 58, "question": "What is forbidden in the seventh commandment?", "answer": "The seventh commandment forbids all unchaste thoughts, words, and actions.", "answer_with_proofs": "The seventh commandment forbids all unchaste thoughts [1], words [2], and actions [3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.28", "osis": ["Matt.5.28"]}, {"raw": "Col.4.6", "osis": ["Col.4.6"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.5.4", "osis": ["Eph.5.4"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.2.22", "osis": ["2Tim.2.22"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.5.3", "osis": ["Eph.5.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "59", "sort_key": 59, "question": "Which is the eighth commandment?", "answer": "The eighth commandment is, Thou shalt not steal.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "60", "sort_key": 60, "question": "What is forbidden in the eighth commandment?", "answer": "The eighth commandment forbids whatever does or may unjustly hinder our own or our neighbour's wealth, or outward estate.", "answer_with_proofs": "The eighth commandment forbids whatever does or may unjustly hinder our own [1] or our neighbour's wealth, or outward estate [2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.5.8", "osis": ["1Tim.5.8"]}, {"raw": "Prov.28.19", "osis": ["Prov.28.19"]}, {"raw": "Prov.21.6", "osis": ["Prov.21.6"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.4.28", "osis": ["Eph.4.28"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "61", "sort_key": 61, "question": "Which is the ninth commandment?", "answer": "The ninth commandment is, Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "62", "sort_key": 62, "question": "What is required in the ninth commandment?", "answer": "The ninth commandment requires the maintaining and promoting of truth between man and man, and of our own, and our neighbour's good name, especially in witness-bearing.", "answer_with_proofs": "The ninth commandment requires the maintaining and promoting of truth between man and man [1], and of our own [2], and our neighbour's good name [3], especially in witness-bearing [4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Zech.8.16", "osis": ["Zech.8.16"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.3.16", "osis": ["1Pet.3.16"]}, {"raw": "Acts.25.10", "osis": ["Acts.25.10"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "3John.1.12", "osis": ["3John.1.12"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.14.5,Prov.14.25", "osis": ["Prov.14.5", "Prov.14.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "63", "sort_key": 63, "question": "What is the tenth commandment?", "answer": "The tenth commandment is, Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house; thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife,nor his manservant, or his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor anything that is thy neighbour's.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "64", "sort_key": 64, "question": "What is forbidden in the tenth commandment?", "answer": "The tenth commandment forbids all discontentment with our own estate, envying or grieving at the good of our neighbour, and all inordinate emotions and affections to anything that is his.", "answer_with_proofs": "The tenth commandment forbids all discontentment with our own estate [1], envying or grieving at the good of our neighbour [2], and all inordinate emotions and affections to anything that is his [3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.10", "osis": ["1Cor.10.10"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.5.26", "osis": ["Gal.5.26"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Col.3.5", "osis": ["Col.3.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "65", "sort_key": 65, "question": "Is any man able perfectly to keep the commandments of God?", "answer": "No mere man, since the fall, is able in his life perfectly to keep the commandments of God, but does daily break them in thought, word, and deed.", "answer_with_proofs": "No mere man, since the fall, is able in his life perfectly to keep the commandments of God [1], but does daily break them in thought [2], word [3], and deed [4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eccl.7.20", "osis": ["Eccl.7.20"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.8.21", "osis": ["Gen.8.21"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Jas.3.8", "osis": ["Jas.3.8"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Jas.3.2", "osis": ["Jas.3.2"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "66", "sort_key": 66, "question": "Are all transgressions of the law equally heinous?", "answer": "Some sins in themselves, and by reason of various aggravations are more heinous in the sight of God than others.", "answer_with_proofs": "Some sins in themselves, and by reason of various aggravations are more heinous in the sight of God than others [1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.19.11", "osis": ["John.19.11"]}, {"raw": "1John.5.15", "osis": ["1John.5.15"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "67", "sort_key": 67, "question": "What does every sin deserve?", "answer": "Every sin deserves God's wrath and curse, both in this life and that which is to come.", "answer_with_proofs": "Every sin deserves God's wrath and curse, both in this life and that which is to come [1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.5.6", "osis": ["Eph.5.6"]}, {"raw": "Ps.11.6", "osis": ["Ps.11.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "68", "sort_key": 68, "question": "How may we escape his wrath and curse due to us for sin?", "answer": "To escape the wrath and curse of God due to us for sin, we must believe in the Lord Jesus Christ, trusting alone to his blood and righteousness. This faith is attended by repentance for the past, and leads to holiness in the future.", "answer_with_proofs": "To escape the wrath and curse of God due to us for sin, we must believe in the Lord Jesus Christ [1], trusting alone to his blood and righteousness. This faith is attended by repentance for the past [2], and leads to holiness in the future.", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.3.16", "osis": ["John.3.16"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.20.21", "osis": ["Acts.20.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "69", "sort_key": 69, "question": "What is faith in Jesus Christ?", "answer": "Faith in Jesus Christ is a saving grace, whereby we receive, and rest upon him alone for salvation, as he is set forth in the gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": "Faith in Jesus Christ is a saving grace [1], whereby we receive [2], and rest upon him alone for salvation [3], as he is set forth in the gospel [4].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.10.39", "osis": ["Heb.10.39"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.12", "osis": ["John.1.12"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.3.9", "osis": ["Phil.3.9"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.33.22", "osis": ["Isa.33.22"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "70", "sort_key": 70, "question": "What is repentance to life?", "answer": "Repentance to life is a saving grace, whereby a sinner, out of a true sense of his sins, and apprehension of the mercy of God in Christ, does with grief and hatred of his sin turn from it to God, with full purpose to strive after new obedience.", "answer_with_proofs": "Repentance to life is a saving grace [1], whereby a sinner, out of a true sense of his sins [2], and apprehension of the mercy of God in Christ [3], does with grief and hatred of his sin turn from it to God [4], with full purpose to strive after new obedience [5].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.11.18", "osis": ["Acts.11.18"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.37", "osis": ["Acts.2.37"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Joel.2.13", "osis": ["Joel.2.13"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.31.18-Jer.31.19", "osis": ["Jer.31.18-Jer.31.19"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.119.59", "osis": ["Ps.119.59"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "71", "sort_key": 71, "question": "What are the outward means whereby the Holy Spirit communicates to us the benefits of redemption?", "answer": "The outward and ordinary means whereby the Holy Spirit communicates to us the benefits of Christ's redemption, are the Word, by which souls are begotten to spiritual life; Baptism, the Lord's Supper, Prayer, and Meditation, by all which believers are further edified in their most holy faith.", "answer_with_proofs": "The outward and ordinary means whereby the Holy Spirit communicates to us the benefits of Christ's redemption, are the Word, by which souls are begotten to spiritual life; Baptism, the Lord's Supper, Prayer, and Meditation, by all which believers are further edified in their most holy faith [1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.41-Acts.2.42", "osis": ["Acts.2.41-Acts.2.42"]}, {"raw": "Jas.1.18", "osis": ["Jas.1.18"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "72", "sort_key": 72, "question": "How is the Word made effectual to salvation?", "answer": "The Spirit of God makes the reading, but especially the preaching of the Word, an effectual means of convicting and converting sinners, and of building them up in holiness and comfort, through faith to salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Spirit of God makes the reading, but especially the preaching of the Word, an effectual means of convicting and converting sinners [1], and of building them up in holiness and comfort [2], through faith to salvation [3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.19.7", "osis": ["Ps.19.7"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Thess.1.6", "osis": ["1Thess.1.6"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.16", "osis": ["Rom.1.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "73", "sort_key": 73, "question": "How is the Word to be read and heard that it may become effectual to salvation?", "answer": "That the Word may become effectual to salvation, we must attend to it with diligence, and prayer receive it with faith, and love, lay it up into our hearts, and practise it in our lives.", "answer_with_proofs": "That the Word may become effectual to salvation, we must attend to it with diligence [1], and prayer [2] receive it with faith [3], and love [4], lay it up into our hearts [5], and practise it in our lives [6].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.8.34", "osis": ["Prov.8.34"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.2.1-1Pet.2.2", "osis": ["1Pet.2.1-1Pet.2.2"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.119.18", "osis": ["Ps.119.18"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.4.2", "osis": ["Heb.4.2"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "2Thess.2.10", "osis": ["2Thess.2.10"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.119.11", "osis": ["Ps.119.11"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Jas.1.25", "osis": ["Jas.1.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "74", "sort_key": 74, "question": "How do Baptism and the Lord's Supper become spiritually helpful?", "answer": "Baptism and the Lord's Supper become spiritually helpful, not from any virtue in them, or in him who does administer them, but only by the blessing of Christ and the working of the Spirit in those who by faith receive them.", "answer_with_proofs": "Baptism and the Lord's Supper become spiritually helpful, not from any virtue in them, or in him who does administer them [1], but only by the blessing of Christ [2] and the working of the Spirit in those who by faith receive them [3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.3.7", "osis": ["1Cor.3.7"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.3.21", "osis": ["1Pet.3.21"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.3.6", "osis": ["1Cor.3.6"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.12.13", "osis": ["1Cor.12.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "75", "sort_key": 75, "question": "What is Baptism?", "answer": "Baptism is an ordinance of the New Testament, instituted by Jesus Christ to be to the person baptised a sign of his fellowship with him, in his death, and burial, and resurrection, of his being ingrafted into him, of remission of sins, and of his giving up himself to God through Jesus Christ, to live and walk in newness of life.", "answer_with_proofs": "Baptism is an ordinance of the New Testament, instituted by Jesus Christ [1] to be to the person baptised a sign of his fellowship with him, in his death, and burial, and resurrection [2], of his being ingrafted into him [3], of remission of sins [4], and of his giving up himself to God through Jesus Christ, to live and walk in newness of life [5].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.3", "osis": ["Rom.6.3"]}, {"raw": "Col.2.12", "osis": ["Col.2.12"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.3.27", "osis": ["Gal.3.27"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Mark.1.4", "osis": ["Mark.1.4"]}, {"raw": "Acts.22.16", "osis": ["Acts.22.16"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.4-Rom.6.5", "osis": ["Rom.6.4-Rom.6.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "76", "sort_key": 76, "question": "To whom is Baptism to be administered?", "answer": "Baptism is to be administered to all those who actually profess repentance towards God, and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ, and to none other.", "answer_with_proofs": "Baptism is to be administered to all those who actually profess repentance towards God [1], and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ, and to none other.", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.38", "osis": ["Acts.2.38"]}, {"raw": "Matt.3.6", "osis": ["Matt.3.6"]}, {"raw": "Mark.16.16", "osis": ["Mark.16.16"]}, {"raw": "Acts.8.12,Acts.8.36-Acts.8.37,Acts.10.47-Acts.10.48", "osis": ["Acts.8.12", "Acts.8.36-Acts.8.37", "Acts.10.47-Acts.10.48"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "77", "sort_key": 77, "question": "Are the infants of such as are professing to be baptised?", "answer": "The infants of such as are professing believers are not to be baptised, because there is neither command nor example in the Holy Scriptures for their baptism.", "answer_with_proofs": "The infants of such as are professing believers are not to be baptised, because there is neither command nor example in the Holy Scriptures for their baptism [1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.23.13", "osis": ["Exod.23.13"]}, {"raw": "Prov.30.6", "osis": ["Prov.30.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "78", "sort_key": 78, "question": "How is baptism rightly administered?", "answer": "Baptism is rightly administered by immersion, or dipping the whole body of the person in water, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, according to Christ's institution, and the practice of the apostles, and not by sprinkling or pouring of water, or dipping some part of the body, after the tradition of men.", "answer_with_proofs": "Baptism is rightly administered by immersion, or dipping the whole body of the person in water [1], in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, according to Christ's institution, and the practice of the apostles [2], and not by sprinkling or pouring of water, or dipping some part of the body, after the tradition of men [3].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.3.16", "osis": ["Matt.3.16"]}, {"raw": "John.3.23", "osis": ["John.3.23"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20", "osis": ["Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "John.4.1-John.4.2", "osis": ["John.4.1-John.4.2"]}, {"raw": "Acts.8.38-Acts.8.39", "osis": ["Acts.8.38-Acts.8.39"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "79", "sort_key": 79, "question": "What is the duty of such as are rightly baptized?", "answer": "It is the duty of such as are rightly baptized, to give up themselves to some particular and orderly Church of Jesus Christ that they may walk in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless.", "answer_with_proofs": "It is the duty of such as are rightly baptized, to give up themselves to some particular and orderly Church of Jesus Christ [1] that they may walk in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless [2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.47", "osis": ["Acts.2.47"]}, {"raw": "Acts.9.26", "osis": ["Acts.9.26"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.2.5", "osis": ["1Pet.2.5"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.1.6", "osis": ["Luke.1.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "80", "sort_key": 80, "question": "What is the Lord's Supper?", "answer": "The Lord's Supper is an ordinance of the New Testament, instituted by Jesus Christ; wherein, by giving and receiving bread and wine, according to his appointment, his death is shown forth, and the worthy receivers are, not after a corporeal and carnal manner, but by faith, made partakers of his body and blood, with all his benefits, to their spiritual nourishment, and growth in grace.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Lord's Supper is an ordinance of the New Testament, instituted by Jesus Christ; wherein, by giving and receiving bread and wine, according to his appointment, his death is shown forth [1], and the worthy receivers are, not after a corporeal and carnal manner, but by faith, made partakers of his body and blood, with all his benefits, to their spiritual nourishment, and growth in grace [2].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.26", "osis": ["1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.26"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.16", "osis": ["1Cor.10.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "81", "sort_key": 81, "question": "What is required to the worthy receiving of the Lord's Supper?", "answer": "It is required of them who would worthily partake of the Lord's Supper, that they examine themselves of their knowledge to discern the Lord's body, of their faith to feed upon him, of their repentance, love, and new obedience, lest coming unworthily, they eat and drink judgment to themselves.", "answer_with_proofs": "It is required of them who would worthily partake of the Lord's Supper, that they examine themselves of their knowledge to discern the Lord's body [1], of their faith to feed upon him, [2], of their repentance [3], love [4], and new obedience [5], lest coming unworthily, they eat and drink judgment to themselves [6].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.28-1Cor.11.29", "osis": ["1Cor.11.28-1Cor.11.29"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.13.5", "osis": ["2Cor.13.5"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.31", "osis": ["1Cor.11.31"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.18-1Cor.11.20", "osis": ["1Cor.11.18-1Cor.11.20"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.5.8", "osis": ["1Cor.5.8"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.27-1Cor.11.29", "osis": ["1Cor.11.27-1Cor.11.29"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "puritan-catechism", "_source_title": "Puritan Catechism", "_author": "Charles Spurgeon", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/ccc/chs_puritancatechism.cfm", "document_id": "puritan-catechism", "item_id": "82", "sort_key": 82, "question": "What is meant by the words, until he come, which are used by the apostle Paul in reference to the Lord's Supper?", "answer": "They plainly teach us that our Lord Jesus Christ will come a second time; which is the joy and hope of all believers.", "answer_with_proofs": "They plainly teach us that our Lord Jesus Christ will come a second time; which is the joy and hope of all believers [1].", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.1.11", "osis": ["Acts.1.11"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.4.16", "osis": ["1Thess.4.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "1", "sort_key": 1, "question": "What is the chief end of man?", "answer": "Man's chief end is to glorify God, and to enjoy him forever.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is meant by man's chief end?", "answer": "That which ought to be man's chief aim and design; and that which he should seek after as his chief happiness."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What ought to be man's chief aim and design?", "answer": "The glory of God. 1 Chron. 16:28, 29 - \"Give unto the Lord, ye kindreds of the people, - give unto the Lord the glory due unto his name.\""}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What should he seek after as his chief happiness?", "answer": "The enjoyment of God. Isaiah 26:8 - \"The desire of our soul is to thy name, and the remembrance of thee.\""}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What connexion is there between the glorifying God, and the enjoyment of him?", "answer": "The: are connected by rich and sovereign grace, persuading and enabling the sinner to embrace Jesus Christ as the only way to God and glory. Eph. 2:8 - \"By grace are ye saved, through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God.\" John 14:6 - \"I,\" says Christ, \"am the way; no man cometh unto the Father, but by me.\""}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Does the chief end exclude subordinate ends?", "answer": "No; for, in aiming principally at the glory of God, men may use the supports of natural life for refreshing their bodies. 1 Cor. 10:31; and be diligent in their particular callings, that they may provide for themselves and their families, 1 Thess. 4:11, 12; 1 Tim. 5:8."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Why ought the glory of God to be the chief end and design of man?", "answer": "Because it is God's chief end in man's creation, preservation, redemption, and regeneration. Proverbs 16:4 - \"The Lord hath made all things for himself;\" and therefore it ought to be man's chief end likewise. 1 Cor. 6:19, 20 - \"Ye are not your own; for ye are bought with a price: therefore glorify God in your body, and in your spirit, which are God's.\""}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "How manifold is the glory of God?", "answer": "Twofold; his essential and his declarative glory."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is God's essential glory?", "answer": "It is what he is absolutely in himself. Exod. 3:14 - \"I Am That I Am.\""}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is his declarative glory?", "answer": "His showing, or making known his glory, to, in, and by his creatures, Isaiah 44:23; 2 Thess. 1:10."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Can any creature whatsoever add anything to God's essential glory?", "answer": "No; for his essential glory is infinite, eternal, and unchangeable, Job 35:7."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Do not the heavens and the earth, and all inferior creatures, glorify God?", "answer": "Yes; in a passive way, all his works praise him. Psalm 19:1, and 145:10."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "How ought man to glorify God?", "answer": "Man:being endued with a reasonable soul, ought to glorify God in an active way, Psalm 63:4, by declaring his praise, Psalm 103:1, 2; and essaying to give him the glory due to his name, Psalm 96:7, 8."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "How was man to glorify God in a state of innocence?", "answer": "By a perfect, personal, and perpetual obedience to his law, Gen. 1:27; and by giving him the glory of all his works, chap. 2:19."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Has man answered his chief end?", "answer": "No; for, \"all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God,\" Rom. 3:23."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Has God then lost his end in making man?", "answer": "No; for God will glorify his justice and power upon some, and his grace and mercy upon others of Adam's family, Rom. 9:22, 23."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Was ever God glorified by a perfect obedience since Adam's fall?", "answer": "Never, until CHRIST, the second Adam, appeared as a new covenant head, Isaiah 42:21, and 49:3."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How did Christ, the second Adam, glorify God, as our surety and representative on earth?", "answer": "By finishing the work the Father gave him to do. John 17:4."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What was the work the Father gave him to do?", "answer": "It was to assume a holy human nature, Luke 1:35; to yield a perfect sinless obedience to the whole law, Mat. 3:15; and to give a complete satisfaction to justice, for man's sin, by his meritorious sufferings and death, Luke 24:26."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "How does Christ glorify God in heaven?", "answer": "By appearing in the presence of God for us, Heb. 9:24, and applying, by the power of his Spirit, that redemption which he purchased by the price of his blood on earth, Titus 3:5, 6."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "When is it that a sinner begins uprightly to aim at the glory of God?", "answer": "When, through a faith of God's operation, he believes in Christ: Acts 8:37, 39. - \"The eunuch answered and said, I believe that Jesus Christ is the son of God. - And he went on his way rejoicing.\""}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Can no man glorify God acceptably, unless he first believe in Christ?", "answer": "No; for, \"Without faith it is impossible to please him.\" Heb. 11:6; and, \"Whatsoever is not of faith is sin,\" Rom. 14:23."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "How is it that faith in Christ glorifies God?", "answer": "As it sets its seal to the record of God, John 3:33; and unites us to Christ, from whom only our fruit is found, Hos. 14:8."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Is not God glorified by the good works of believers?", "answer": "Yes; \"herein,\" says Christ, \"is my Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit,\" John 15:8."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What are these fruits brought forth by believers, by which God is glorified?", "answer": "They may be summed up in faith working by love, Gal. 5:6; or, their aiming, in the strength of Christ, at universal obedience to the law, as the rule of duty. Phil. 4:13 - \"I can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me.\""}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "How should we glorify God in eating and drinking?", "answer": "By taking a right to the supports of natural life, through the second Adam, the heir of all things, who has purchased a covenant right to temporal, as well as spiritual mercies, for his people, 1 Cor. 3:21-23; and thankfully acknowledging God for the same, 1 Tim. 4:4, 5."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "How must we glorify God in our religious worship, and other acts of obedience?", "answer": "By doing all that we do in the name of the Lord Jesus, Col. 3:17; worshipping God in the Spirit, rejoicing in Christ Jesus, and having no confidence in the flesh, Phil. 3:3."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What is it, next to the glory of God, we should aim at?", "answer": "Next to God's glory, we should aim at the enjoyment of him, Psalm 73:25, 26."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "Why should we aim at the enjoyment of God?", "answer": "Because he is the chief good of the rational creature, Psalm 116:7; and nothing else besides him, is either suitable to the nature, or satisfying to the desires of the immortal soul, Psalm 144:15."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "How may a finite creature enjoy an infinite God?", "answer": "By taking and rejoicing in him, as its everlasting and upmaking portion, Psalm 16:5, 6, and 48:14."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Did our first parents, in a state of innocence, enjoy God?", "answer": "Yes; there was perfect friendship and fellowship between God and them; for, \"God made man upright,\" Eccl. 7:29."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What broke that blessed friendship and fellowship?", "answer": "Sin: our iniquities have separated between us and our God, and our sins have hid his face from us, Isaiah 59:2."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "Can a sinner, in a natural state, enjoy God, or have any fellowship with him?", "answer": "No; for, \"What communion hath light with darkness? and what concord hath Christ with Belial?\" 2 Cor. 6:14, 15."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "How may a lost sinner recover the enjoyment of God, and fellowship with him?", "answer": "As we lost it by our fall in the first Adam, so it can only be recovered by union with a second Adam, Rom. 5:18-19; for there is no coming to God but by him, John 14:6."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "When is it that a sinner begins to enjoy God?", "answer": "When, having received Christ by faith, he rests upon him, and upon God in him, for righteousness and strength, Isaiah 45:24; and out of his fulness receives, and grace for grace, John 1:16"}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What are the external means by, or in which, we are to seek after the enjoyment of God?", "answer": "In all the ordinances of his worship, public, private and secret; such as the word read and heard, the sacraments, prayer, meditation, fasting, thanksgiving, and the like."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "Are the saints of God admitted to enjoy him in these?", "answer": "Yes; they are the trysting-places2 where his name is recorded, and to which he has promised to come and bless them, Ex. 20:24 - \"In all places where I record my name, I will come unto thee, and I will bless thee.\""}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "What scripture-evidence have we, of their enjoying God in the duties and ordinances of his appointment?", "answer": "We find them much employed in religious duties, Song 3:1-3; and expressing the utmost regard for the ordinances of his grace, Psalm 84:1, 2."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "What satisfaction has the soul in the enjoyment of God?", "answer": "Unspeakably more gladness than when corn, wine, and all earthly comforts, do most abound, Psalm 4:7"}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "Is there any difference between the enjoyment of God in this life, and that which the saints shall obtain in the life to come?", "answer": "Not an essential, but a gradual difference, as to the manner and measure of it."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "What is the difference as to the manner of the enjoyment here and hereafter?", "answer": "Here, the enjoyment is mediate, by the intervention of means; hereafter, it will be immediate, without any use of these means: \"Now we see through a glass darkly; but then FACE TO FACE,\" 1 Cor. 13:12."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "What is the difference as to the measure of the enjoyment, in this life, and that which is to come?", "answer": "In this life the enjoyment is only partial; in that which is to come, it will be full and complete, 1 John 3:2 - here, the enjoyment is only in the seed, or first fruits; there it will be in the full harvest, Psalm 126:5, 6."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "Is the partial enjoyment of God in grace here, a sure pledge of the full enjoyment of him in glory hereafter?", "answer": "It is both the pledge and earnest of it, Eph. 1:13, 14; Psalm 84:11."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "Does the gracious soul, in that state, fully receive its chief end?", "answer": "Yes; in regard that then it shall be brimful of God, and celebrate his praises with high and uninterrupted Hallelujahs through all eternity, Psalm 16:11; Isaiah 35:10."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "Why is the glorifying God made the leading part of man's chief end, and set before the enjoyment of him?", "answer": "Because, as God's design in glorifying himself was the reason and foundation of his design in making man happy in the enjoyment of him, Rom. 11:26; so he has made our aiming at his glory, as our chief end, to be the very way and means of our attaining to that enjoyment, Psalm 50:23."}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "Is our happiness, in the enjoyment of God, to be our chief end?", "answer": "No; but the glory of God itself, Isaiah 42:8; in our aiming at which chiefly, we cannot miss the enjoyment of him, Psalm 91:14, 15."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "Is not our delighting in the glory of God, to be reckoned our chief end?", "answer": "No; we must set the glory of God above our delight therein, otherwise, our delight is not chiefly in God, but in ourselves, Isaiah 2:11. Our subjective delighting in the glory of God belongs to the enjoyment of him, whose glory is above the heavens, and infinitely above our delight therein, Psalm 113:4."}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "Whom does God dignify with the enjoyment of himself, in time and for ever?", "answer": "Those whom he helps actively to glorify and honour him; for he has said, \"Them that honour me, I will honour,\" 1 Sam. 2:30."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "Does any thing so much secure our happy enjoyment of God, as the concern that the glory of God has in it?", "answer": "No; for as God cannot but reach the great end of his own glory, so, when he has promised us eternal life, in Christ, before the world began, Titus 1:2, we cannot come short of it; because it stands upon the honour of his faithfulness to make it good, Heb. 10:23 - \"He is faithful that promised.\""}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "How does it appear, that the enjoyment of God, which is connected with the glorifying of him, shall be for ever?", "answer": "Because he who is the object enjoyed, is the everlasting God, Isaiah 40:28; and the enjoyment of him is not transitory, like the passing enjoyments of time, but the eternal enjoyment of the eternal God, Psalm 48:14."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "2", "sort_key": 2, "question": "What rule has God given to direct us how we may glorify and enjoy him?", "answer": "The word of God, which is contained in the scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, is the only rule to direct us, how we may glorify and enjoy him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What necessity is there of a rule to direct us how to glorify and enjoy God?", "answer": "It is necessary, because, since God will be glorified by the reasonable creature, nothing can be a perfect rule for that end, but his own revealed will, Rom. 12:2."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Can man, by any wisdom or power of his own, ever attain to the glorifying of God, and the enjoyment of him, which he has come short of, by his fall in the first Adam?", "answer": "No; his wisdom and knowledge in the things of God, are become folly and ignorance, Job 11:12; and his power to do good is turned into utter impotency, John 6:44."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Where has God revealed the way, in which man may recover and attain the end of his creation?", "answer": "In the word of God, which is contained in the scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, John 5:39 - \"Search the scriptures...\""}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "How do you know the scriptures of the Old and New Testaments to be the word of God?", "answer": "By the print of God that is evidently to be seen upon them: for, as none works like God, Isaiah 43:13; so none speaks like him, John 7:46."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What do you understand by the print or impress of God that is so discernible in the scriptures?", "answer": "That majesty, holiness, light, life, and efficacy, which shine in the word itself, Rom. 1:16; Psalm 19:7."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What may be said of those who do not see that print of God in the word, though they read it?", "answer": "It may be said, \"The god of this world hath blinded the minds of them that believe not,\" 2 Cor. 4:4."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Since all men are spiritually blind by nature, is it not in vain for them to read the scriptures?", "answer": "No; it is the will of God that they should read and search the scriptures, John 5:39; and the entrance of his word gives light and sight to them that are blind, Psalm 119:130."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What should a man do that the Bible may not remain a sealed book to him?", "answer": "Whenever he looks into the word of God, he should look up to God, the author of it, saying, \"Open thou mine eyes, that I may behold wondrous things out of thy law,\" Psalm 119:18. \"O send out thy light and thy truth; let them lead me,\" Psalm 43:3."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "By what arguments may we persuade men that are infidels, to receive the scriptures as the Word of God?", "answer": "We may deal with them by rational arguments drawn from their antiquity; the heavenliness of the matter; the majesty of the style; the harmony of all the parts,though written in different ages; the exact accomplishment of prophecies; the sublimity of the mysteries and matters contained in the word; the efficacy and power of it, in the conviction and conversion of multitudes; the scope of the whole, to guide men to attain their chief end, the glory of God in their own salvation; and the many miracles wrought for the confirmation of the truth of the doctrines contained in them.3"}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Can these or the like rational arguments, ever produce a divine faith?", "answer": "No; for rational arguments can only produce a mere rational faith, founded on reason; but a divine and saving faith rests wholly upon the divine testimony inherent in the word itself; or upon a \"Thus saith the Lord.\""}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "How is this inherent testimony discovered?", "answer": "By the same Spirit of God that dictated the word, 2 Pet. 1:21; he being an \"Interpreter, one among a thousand,\" John 16:13."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is it that will fully persuade and assure a person that the scriptures are indeed the word of God?", "answer": "\"The Spirit of God bearing witness by, and with the scriptures in the heart of man, is alone able fully to persuade it, that they are the very word of God,\" John 16:13, 14; 1 John 2:27.4"}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Whether does the authority of the scripture, for which it ought to be believed and obeyed, depend upon the testimony of the church, or wholly upon God?", "answer": "\"Wholly upon God, (who is truth itself,) the author thereof; and, therefore, it is to be received, because it is the word of God, 1 John 5:9; 1 Thess. 2:13.\"5"}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Why cannot the authority of the scriptures depend upon the church?", "answer": "Bec:use the true church of Christ depends, in its very being, on the scriptures; and therefore the scriptures cannot depend upon it, as to their authority, Eph. 2:20, 22."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Are not the light of nature, and the works of creation and providence, sufficient to direct us how we may glorify and enjoy God?", "answer": "These \"do so far manifest the goodness, wisdom, and power of God, as to leave men inexcusable, Rom. 2:14, 15, and 1:19, 20; yet are they not sufficient to give that knowledge of God, and of his will, which is necessary unto salvation, 1 Cor. 2:13, 14.\"6"}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What makes a further revelation, than nature's light, necessary?", "answer": "The glory of the Divine perfections, particularly his mercy, grace, love, and faithfulness, Psalm 85:8, 10, 11; the gross ignorance and degeneracy of mankind, 1 Cor. 1:20, 21; the sublimeness of the things revealed, which otherwise had never been known by men or angels, John 1:18; it is also necessary for trying the spirits and doctrines of men, and for unmasking the impostures of the devil, 1 John 4:1-3."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How does it appear that the scriptures are not an imposition upon mankind?", "answer": "If the penman of the scriptures had inclined to deceive, they would have accommodated themselves to the dispositions of the people with whom they conversed, and connived at their lusts; but, on the contrary, we find they faithfully exposed the errors and vices of men, and impartially set themselves against every thing that corrupt nature is fond of; and that, though they were laid open to the greatest hardships and sufferings for so doing, Acts 5:29-41."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What is the meaning of the word scriptures?", "answer": "It signifies writings; and the word of God is emphatically so called, because God has therein written to us the great things of his law and covenant, Hos. 8:12."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Why was the word of God committed to writings?", "answer": "\"For the better preserving and propagating of the truth; and for the more sure establishment and comfort of the church, against the corruption of the flesh, and the malice of Satan and of the world, Luke 1:3, 4; Proverbs 22:20, 21.\"7"}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "How was the will of God made known to the church, before it was committed to writing?", "answer": "By immediate revelations, Gen. 2:16, 17, and 3:15; by frequent appearances of the Son of God, delighting, beforehand, to try on the human likeness, Gen. 18:2, compared with v. 3, Judg. 13:11, compared with verses 18, 19; by the ministry of the holy angels, Gen. 19:1, 15; Heb. 2:2, and of the patriarchs, Jude, ver. 14, 15; Heb. 11:7."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Why are the scriptures of the Old and New Testament called the word of God?", "answer": "Because \"all scripture is given by inspiration of God,\" 2 Tim. 3:16, being immediately indited by the Holy Ghost, 2 Pet. 1:21."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Why are they commonly called the Bible?", "answer": "The word BIBLE signifying a book; the holy scriptures are so called by way of eminence, because they are incomparably the best of all books, as containing the invariable grounds of faith in Christ, for life eternal, John 20:31 - \"These are written, that ye might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that, believing, ye might have life through his name.\""}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Why are the holy scriptures called a Testament?", "answer": "Because they are the last will of the glorious Testator, first typically, and then actually confirmed by his death, concerning the vast legacies therein bequeathed to his spiritual seed: Heb. 9:16, \"Where a testament is, there must also of necessity be the death of the Testator.\""}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Why are the writings of Moses and the prophets called the Old Testament?", "answer": "Because the will of the Testator, Christ, was veiled, legally dispensed, and typically sealed by the blood of sacrificed beasts, upon which account it is called comparatively faulty, Heb. 8:7, 8; and was therefore to vanish away, verse 13."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "To whom were the oracles of God, under the Old Testament, committed?", "answer": "To the church of the Jews, Rom. 3:1, 2 - \"What advantage hath the Jew? Much every way: chiefly, because unto them were committed the oracles of God.\""}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "Why are the scriptures from Matthew to the end of the Revelation, called the New Testament?", "answer": "Because they contain the most clear and full revelation, and actual ratification of the covenant of promise, by the death of Christ the Testator, who is also the living Executor of his own testament, Rev. 1:18 - \"I am he that liveth and was dead; and behold, I am alive for evermore.\" John 14:19 - \"Because I live, ye shall live also.\""}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "Will this New Testament dispensation of the grace of God ever undergo any other alteration?", "answer": "No; it will remain new and unalterable, till the second coming of the Lord Jesus, Mat. 26:29."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "Do the scriptures of the Old Testament continue to be a rule of faith and practice to us who live under the New?", "answer": "Yes; because they are the record of God concerning Christ, as well as the scriptures of the New Testament; for all the prophets prophesied of him; to him they did all bear witness, Acts 10:43; and Christ commands all to search them, because eternal life is to be found in them, and they testify of him, John 5:39."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "How could the Old Testament be of force when it was not confirmed by the death of the Testator?", "answer": "The death of Christ, the Testator, was typified in all the expiatory sacrifices of that dispensation; hence is he called, \"The Lamb slain from the foundation of the world,\" Rev. 13:8."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Is not that typical dispensation now quite abolished, under the New Testament?", "answer": "Yes; for it was promised, that the Messiah should \"cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease;\" and accordingly, \"Christ being come, - neither by the blood of goats nor calves, but by his own blood, he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us,\" Heb. 9:11, 12."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "Why was that ceremonial dispensation abolished?", "answer": "Because it was only a shadow of good things to come, and not the very image of the things; that is, not the very things themselves, Heb. 10:1."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "Wherein does the New Testament excel the Old?", "answer": "Amongst other things, it excels it in respect of evidence, worship, extent, gifts, and duration."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "Wherein does the New Testament excel the Old in respect of evidence?", "answer": "The Old Testament speaks of a Messiah to come, but the New presents him as already come, John 1:29, 41; The Old was dark and cloudy, but the New clear and perspicuous, 2 Cor. 3:18."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "How does it excel in respect of worship?", "answer": "The worship of the Old Testament was a yoke of bondage; but the worship of the New is free, spiritual, and easy, Gal. 5:1."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "How does the New Testament excel in respect of extent?", "answer": "The Old was confined to the Jews, Psalm 147:19, 20, and a few proselytes among the Gentiles, Ex. 12:48; but the New extends to all the world, Mark 16:15; and its converts are vastly more numerous than under the old dispensation, Rev. 7:9."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "How does it excel in respect of gifts?", "answer": "The gifts of the Spirit are more plentiful, and more efficacious under the New, than under the Old, Acts 2:17, 18."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "How does the New Testament excel in respect of duration?", "answer": "The dispensation of the Old Testament, by types and sacrifices, was only for a time, Heb. 8:13; but the dispensation of the New, is to continue unalterable to the end of the world, Matt. 28:20."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "Why are the scriptures said to be the only rule to direct us, how we may glorify and enjoy God?", "answer": "Because none but God, the author of the scriptures, could, by them, show the way, how he himself is to be glorified and enjoyed by fallen sinners of mankind, Micah. 6:6, 9; Matt. 11:25, 28."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "Although the light of nature, or natural reason, should not be the only rule, yet may it not be admitted as a sufficient rule, to direct us how to glorify and enjoy God?", "answer": "By no means; because of its utter incapacity to give the smallest discovery of Christ, the Mediator of the new covenant, 1 Cor. 2:14, who is the only way of salvation for lost sinners of Adam's family, John 14:6."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "Is it enough to assert, that the word of God is the principal rule to direct us?", "answer": "No; because this would leave room to conceive of another rule, beside the scriptures, which, though it might not be called the principal one, yet might be in itself abundantly good and sufficient for directing sinners to their chief end; which is false, and contrary to scripture, Luke 16:29, 31; Isaiah 8:20; Acts 4:12."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "Wherein consists the perfection of the scriptures?", "answer": "It consists in this, that, \"the whole counsel of God, concerning all things necessary for his own glory, man's salvation, faith and life, is either expressly set down in scripture, or by good and necessary consequence may be deduced from scripture, 2 Tim. 3:15-17; Gal. 1:8, 9.\"8"}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "Are plain and necessary scripture consequences to be admitted as a part of the rule, as well as express scriptures?", "answer": "Yes; as is evident from the instance of our Lord, in proving the doctrine of the resurrection against the Sadducees, Matt. 22:31, 32 - \"As touching the resurrection of the dead, have ye not read that which was spoken unto you by God, saying, I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob? God is not the God of the dead, but of the living.\""}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "Are the scriptures a clear and perspicuous rule?", "answer": "All things necessary to be known, believed, and observed for salvation, are so clearly laid down in one place of scripture or another, that every one, in the due use of ordinary means, may attain to a sufficient understanding of them, Psalm 119:105, 130.9"}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "Are human and unwritten traditions, how ancient soever, to be admitted as a part of the rule?", "answer": "No; all human traditions are to be examined by the scriptures; and, \"if they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them,\" Isaiah 8:20."}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "Can the heathens, by all the helps they have, without revelation, attain to such a knowledge of God, and his will, as is necessary to salvation?", "answer": "By no means: for they are declared to be \"without God, and without hope in the world,\" Eph. 2:12. \"And where there is no vision, the people perish,\" Proverbs 29:18; there being \"no other name under heaven, given among men, whereby we must be saved,\" but that of Jesus, Acts 4:12."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "Is the light within men, or the Spirit without the word, which is pretended to by the Quakers, and other enthusiasts, to be used as any rule for our direction?", "answer": "No; because whatever light or spirit is pretended to, without the word, it is but darkness, delusion, and a spirit of error, 1 John 4:1, 6."}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "In what language were the scriptures originally written?", "answer": "The Old Testament was written originally in Hebrew, and the New Testament in Greek."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "Why ought the scriptures to be translated into the vulgar language of every nation where they come?", "answer": "Because sinners of mankind have a right to, and interest in the scriptures, Proverbs 8:4; and are commanded, in the fear of God, to read and search them, John 5:39."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "Who is the supreme judge, in whose sentence we are to rest in determining all controversies of religion, and examining the decrees and doctrines of men?", "answer": "\"No other but the Holy Spirit speaking in the scripture, Matt. 22:29; Acts 28:25.\"10"}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "Why are the books called the Apocrypha to be rejected as no part of the canon of scripture?", "answer": "Because they were not written in the original language of the Old Testament; nor acknowledged for scripture by the Jews, to whom the oracles of God were committed; and have nothing of that impress of majesty, holiness, and efficacy, which shines so conspicuously in the scriptures of the Old and New Testaments; and because they were written after Malachi, whose book is called, the end of the Prophets; and contain many false things, contradictory and heretical."}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "Wherein consists the incomparable excellency and usefulness of the scriptures?", "answer": "They are the well furnished dispensatory of all sovereign remedies, Psalm 107:20; the rich magazine of all true comfort, Rom. 15:4; the complete armoury of all spiritual weapons, Eph. 6:13-18; and the unerring compass to guide to the haven of glory, 2 Pet. 1:19."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "3", "sort_key": 3, "question": "What do the scriptures principally teach?", "answer": "The scriptures principally teach, what man is to believe concerning God, and what duty God requires of man.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is it to believe what the scriptures teach?", "answer": "It is to assent and give credit to the truths thereof, because of the authority of God, whose word the scriptures are, John 3:33 - \"He that hath received his testimony, hath set to his seal that God is true.\""}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Are we to believe nothing in point of faith, and do nothing in point of duty, but what we are taught in the scripture?", "answer": "No; because the scripture is the only book in the world of divine authority; and the revealed will and command of God therein, being so exceeding broad, nothing is incumbent on us to believe and do, but what is either directly, or consequentially prescribed in it, Isaiah 8:20."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Why are the scriptures said principally to teach matters of faith and practice?", "answer": "Because though all things revealed in the scripture be equally true, yet every thing in it is not equally necessary to salvation, 1 Cor. 7:12, 13."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is the order of doctrine laid down in this question?", "answer": "Faith or believing is made the foundation of duty, or obedience; and not our obedience, or duty, the foundation of our faith, Titus 3:8."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Why are the things to be believed, set before the things to be practised?", "answer": "To distinguish between the order of things in the covenant of grace, from what they were in innocency, in the covenant of works, Gal. 3:12."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What was the order of things in the covenant of works?", "answer": "Doing, or perfect obedience to the law, was the foundation of the promised privilege of life: \"The man which doeth these things, shall live by them,\" Rom. 10:5."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Is this order inverted in the covenant of grace, or gospel revelation?", "answer": "Yes; the promise is to be believed, and the promised privilege, namely, life, must be freely received; and upon this follows our obedience to the law, from gratitude and love, Jer. 31:18, 19."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "How does it appear that this is the order of gospel doctrine?", "answer": "Because this is the order that God laid, in delivering the law at Mount Sinai; the foundation of faith is first laid in these words of the preface, \"I am the Lord thy God,\" &c., which is the sum and substance of the covenant of grace; and then follow the Ten Commandments, which are, as it were, grafted upon this grant of sovereign grace and love, Ex. 20:2-17."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Is this the order of doctrine laid down in the standards of the church of Scotland?", "answer": "Yes; as appears from this answer to that question in the Shorter Catechism, \"What doth the preface to the Ten Commandments teach us?\" The Answer is, \"That because God is the Lord, and our God, and Redeemer; therefore we are bound to keep all his commandments.\"11"}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Are we then to keep the commandments, that God may become our God?", "answer": "No; for this were to slide into a covenant of works; but we are to keep them, because \"he is our God,\" according to the tenor of the covenant of grace; Psalm 45:11, in metre, - \"Because he is thy Lord, do thou him worship reverently.\""}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Why do men naturally think, that upon their doing certain acts, God will be their God?", "answer": "Because of the natural bias of the heart of man, to the order in the covenant of works, \"Do, and live,\" Rom. 9:32, and chap. 10:3"}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Does not this order make void the law, or weaken our obligation to the duties of it?", "answer": "By no means; but rather establishes the law, and settles our obligation to duty upon its proper foundation, Rom. 3:31. \"Do we then make void the law through faith? God forbid: yea, we establish the law.\""}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "How is this order of doctrine further evinced?", "answer": "From the method of doctrine observed by the apostle Paul, who tells us, that all true gospel obedience is the obedience of faith, Rom. 16:26. And accordingly in his epistles, he first lays down the doctrine of faith to be believed; and, upon that foundation, proceeds to inculcate the duties that are to be practised."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Does gospel obedience interest us in God, as our God?", "answer": "No; but it is a fruit and evidence of our interest in him, 1 John 2:3, 5."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Is there any danger of inverting this order, and of making duty done by us, the foundation of believing the Lord to be our God?", "answer": "There is exceedingly great danger; for it is the very soul of Popery. By inverting this order, they were led back to a covenant of works, and the doctrine of the merit of good works, which is the foundation of the whole Antichristian superstructure."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Do not we find frequently in scripture, a reward promised to good works, Psalm 19:11 - \"In keeping of thy commandments there is a great reward:\" Psalm 58:11 - \"Verily there is a reward to the righteous?\"", "answer": "True; but this is a reward of grace, not of debt: the man that is rewarded, must be a believer in Christ, whose person is first accepted, through his union to Christ by faith, and the imputation of his righteousness, before any of his works or duties can be accepted, Eph. 1:6; Gen. 4:4."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What may be said of the works of a man that has no faith?", "answer": "They are dead works, and so cannot please a living God. An evil tree cannot bring forth good fruit, Matt. 7:18; and without Christ, and union with him, we can do nothing, John 15:4, 5."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What is to be thought of those who inculcate moral duties, without discovering the necessity of the new birth and union with Christ by faith, as the spring of all acceptable obedience?", "answer": "They are foolish builders, laying their foundation on the sand, perverting the gospel of Christ; against whom the apostle denounces an awful doom, Gal. 1:9 - \"If any man preach any other gospel unto you than that ye have received, let him be accursed. \""}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "4", "sort_key": 4, "question": "What is God?", "answer": "God is a Spirit, infinite, eternal, and unchangeable, in his being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness, and truth. Of the nature and perfections of God in general.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the first fundamental truth to be believed, and upon which all other truths depend?", "answer": "That God is; or that there is a God, Heb. 11:6 - \"He that cometh unto God, must believe that he is.\""}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Is this fundamental truth known by the light of natural reason?", "answer": "Yes; as the apostle declares, Rom. 1:20 - \"The invisible things of God, from the creation of the world, are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made; even his eternal power and Godhead.\""}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "In what volumes has God discovered the knowledge of himself to all mankind?", "answer": "In the great volumes of creation and providence; which he opens to all the world."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What says the volume of creation as to the being of a God?", "answer": "All creatures in general, and every creature in particular, say that God \"made us, and not we ourselves,\" Psalm 100:3."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What says the volume of providence?", "answer": "It says, that the same God who gave us being, upholds us therein; and governs us to the end for which he made us, Heb. 1:3."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Is not every man's own being, a convincing evidence that there is a God?", "answer": "Yes; for, \"in him we live, move, and have our being.\" No man can have any hand in his own formation in the womb, Psalm 139:15, 16; nor can he add a cubit unto his stature, or make one hair of his head either white or black, Matt. 6:27; and 5:36."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Though the works of creation and providence declare that God is, can they also tell us what God is?", "answer": "They afford us some dark glimpses of his eternal power, wisdom, greatness, and goodness; but it is only by and through the scriptures of truth, set home on the soul by his Spirit, that we can attain the saving knowledge of God, and of his perfections, John 5:39; 2 Pet. 1:19; Rom. 15:4."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Who is it that reveals God to the sons of men in the word?", "answer": "Christ, the eternal Son of God: \"No man hath seen God at any time, the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him,\" John 1:18."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What account of himself, has God given us in the scriptures?", "answer": "There are three short, but comprehensive descriptions which he has given of himself there: (1.) That God is light, 1 John 1:5. (2.) That God is love, 1 John 4:8, 16. (3.) That God is a Spirit, John 4:24."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Why is God said to be light?", "answer": "Because of his infinite purity and omniscience, Hab. 1:13; Heb. 4:13; and because he is the fountain and father of all light, whether material, natural, gracious, or glorious, James 1:17."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Why is God said to be love?", "answer": "Because, according to the manifestation he has made of himself in Christ, love is the reigning excellency of his nature, which gives a dye or tincture to all his other perfections, in their egress, or exercise about the salvation of sinners, of mankind, John 3:16; 1 John 4:8-10."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Why is he said to be a Spirit?", "answer": "Because he is necessarily and essentially a living intelligent substance; incorruptible, incorporeal, without flesh, or bones, or bodily parts, Luke 24:39."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "How far does God transcend all created spirits?", "answer": "He is as infinitely above the being of all created spirits, as he is above the conception of all intelligent creatures. Job 37:23 - \"Touching the Almighty, we cannot find him out.\""}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Since God is a most simple and pure Spirit, why are bodily parts, such as eyes, ears, hands, face, and the like, ascribed to him in scripture?", "answer": "Such figurative expressions ought not to be understood in their literal sense, but according to the true scope and intent of them; which is to set forth some acts and perfections of the divine nature, to which these members of the body bear some faint resemblance. Thus, when eyes and ears are ascribed to God, they signify his omniscience; hands are desired to denote his power; and his face, the manifestation of his favour: and in this light, other metaphors of like nature, when applied to God, ought to be explained."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Is it lawful to form any external image of God with the hand, or any internal imaginary idea of him in the fancy?", "answer": "It is absolutely unlawful and idolatrous; condemned in the Second Commandment, and other scriptures, Deut. 4:12, 15. Rom. 1:23. Man cannot form an imaginary idea of his own soul or spirit, far less of Him who is the Father of spirits."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What may we learn from God's being a spirit?", "answer": "To worship him in spirit and in truth, John 4:24."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What is it to worship him in spirit and in truth?", "answer": "It is to worship him, from a real and saving knowledge of what he is in Christ to lost sinners of mankind, John 17:3."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Is it possible for man to attain the real and saving knowledge of God?", "answer": "Although neither men nor angels can have a comprehensive knowledge of God, Job 11:7-9; yet, besides the speculative and merely rational knowledge of him, which men have, and may have much of, by the light of nature, a saving and satisfying knowledge of him is attainable, and is promised in the word, Jer. 24:7 - \"I will give them a heart to know me, that I am the Lord.\" And John 6:45 - \"It is written in the prophets, They shall be all taught of God.\""}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Wherein consists the saving knowledge of God?", "answer": "It is like the white stone and new name, which no man knows but he that receives it, Rev. 2:17; and he that attains it, cannot make language of it, but silently admires what he cannot comprehend: only, there is no saving knowledge of God, but in and through Christ the Saviour, 2 Cor. 4:6."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What is the language of the soul that sees God, and knows him savingly in Christ?", "answer": "It is like that of Moses, Ex. 15:11 - \"Who is like unto thee, O Lord? - who is like unto thee, glorious in holiness, fearful in praises, doing wonders?\" Or that of the Psalmist, Psalm 48:14 - \"This God is our God for ever and ever: he will be our guide even unto death.\""}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What are the rays of divine glory in the face of Jesus Christ by which we come to know God savingly?", "answer": "They are the attributes and perfections of his nature, by which he is pleased to manifest himself; such as, that he is infinite, eternal, and unchangeable, in his being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness, and truth."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Are these attributes of God, distinct things from God himself, or the divine essence?", "answer": "By no means; for, whatever is in God, is God himself; and therefore the infinity of all perfection, is inseparable from the divine essence."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Are the divine attributes separable from one another, so as that which is infinite should not be eternal, and that which is infinite and eternal, should not be unchangeable, and so of the rest?", "answer": "All perfections whatsoever being inseparable from God, must also be inseparable from one another; for though we, through weakness, must think and speak of them separately, yet all of them taken together, are, properly speaking, but the one infinite perfection of the divine nature, which cannot be separated from it, without granting that God is not infinitely perfect, which would be the height of blasphemy to suppose."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Why are the perfections of God called his attributes?", "answer": "Because they are attributed or ascribed to him, as the essential properties of his nature, 1 Chron. 29:11."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "How are the attributes of God commonly divided?", "answer": "Into incommunicable and communicable."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What are the incommunicable attributes of God, mentioned in the answer?", "answer": "His infinity, eternity, and unchangeableness."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "Why called incommunicable?", "answer": "Because there is not the least resemblance of them to be found among the creatures."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What are the attributes that are called communicable?", "answer": "They are being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness, and truth."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "Why called communicable?", "answer": "Because there is some faint resemblance or similitude of them to be found among the creatures, namely, angels, and saints: hence are they proposed in scripture for our imitation, Psalm 11:6 - \"The righteous Lord loveth righteousness.\" 1 Pet. 1:16 - \"Be ye holy, for I am holy.\""}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Can these communicable attributes be ascribed to any creature, as they are in God?", "answer": "No; for they are in God, infinitely, eternally, and unchangeably; he is infinite, eternal, and unchangeable in his being; infinite, eternal, and unchangeable in his wisdom, and so on of the rest, which would be blasphemy to affirm of any creature: hence it is said, Matt. 19:17, \"There is none good but one, that is God:\" None infinitely, eternally, and unchangeably good, but he only."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What is it for God to be infinite?", "answer": "It is to be absolutely without all bounds or limits in his being and perfections, Job 11:7-9."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What does the infinity of God imply in it?", "answer": "His incomprehensibleness, immensity, and omnipresence."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "What is it for God to be incomprehensible?", "answer": "It is infinitely to transcend the most enlarged capacity of men or angels, as to his being and perfections, Psalm 145:3; Job 36:26."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "What is the immensity of God?", "answer": "As it includes his omnipresence, it is that perfection of his nature, by which he is every where present with all and every one of his creatures; and infinitely exceeds all their limits and boundaries, 1 Kings 8:27."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What is the difference between the omnipresence and immensity of God?", "answer": "The omnipresence of God is included in his immensity, and though not separable therefrom, yet may be conceived as having a respect to created substances, with every one of which he is intimately present; whereas his immensity extends infinitely beyond the boundaries of all created substance, 2 Chron. 6:18."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "Is God every where present only as to his knowledge and power?", "answer": "He is every where present also as to his essence of being, as is evident from Jer. 23:23, 24."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "How may this be evinced also from reason?", "answer": "Reason teaches us that no creature can subsist by itself, without the presence of God to uphold it in its being and operation. Acts 17:28 - \"In him we live, and move, and have our being.\""}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "How is God present with the church here on earth?", "answer": "He is present, with the church visible, by the ordinances and symbols of his institution, Ex. 20:24; and with the church invisible, or believers, by the inhabitation and operation of his Holy Spirit, Ezek. 36:27."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "How is he present in heaven?", "answer": "By the most bright and immediate displays of his glory; all the inhabitants of the upper sanctuary seeing him as he is, and enjoying him without interruption for ever, 1 John 3:2; Psalm 16:11."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "How is he present in hell?", "answer": "In a way of tremendous power and justice, upholding the damned in their being, that they may lie under the strokes of his vindictive wrath for evermore, Psalm 90:11; Matt. 25:46."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "What may we learn from God's omnipresence?", "answer": "That no affliction or temptation can befall the saints without his knowledge and sympathy, Isaiah 43:2."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "What is the difference between time and eternity?", "answer": "Time has a continual succession, the former time passing away, and another succeeding; but eternity is an infinite immutable duration."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "What is it for God to be eternal?", "answer": "It is that perfection of his nature, by which he continually exists, without any beginning, end, or succession of time."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "How do you prove that God is without beginning?", "answer": "From Psalm 90:2 - \"Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever thou hadst formed the earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlasting thou art God;\" that is, since thou didst exist before the mountains were brought forth, or before the beginning of time, thou art absolutely eternal."}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "How do you prove that God is without end?", "answer": "From Psalm 102:12, 27 - \"Thou, O Lord, shalt endure for ever, - and thy years shall have no end;\" for that which had no beginning of duration, can never have an end of it, but must always necessarily exist."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "How do you prove that he is without succession of time?", "answer": "From Psalm 90:4 - \"A thousand years are in thy sight but as yesterday when it is past:\" and 2 Pet. 3:8 - \"One day is with the Lord as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day.\" He does not only always remain in being, but is always the same in that being, Psalm 102:27."}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "What is the difference between God's eternity, and the eternity of angels and the souls of men?", "answer": "God's eternity is essential, absolute, and independent, without beginning, as well as without end; but the eternity of angels, and of the souls of men, is quite of another nature; for, as they had a beginning, so their duration admits of a succession, as long as time lasts: and though they shall never have an end, yet this eternity of theirs is not necessary and essential to their nature, but flows from the will and power of God; who, if he pleased, could bring them to an end, as well as he gave them a beginning."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "What use should the wicked make of God's eternity?", "answer": "It should be matter of the greatest terror to them while they continue in their wickedness; for, in this case, God will be their eternal foe, and will punish them with everlasting destruction, 2 Thess. 1:9."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "What use should the godly, or believers in Christ, make of it?", "answer": "They should improve it as matter of unspeakable comfort; because their God, being the eternal God, will therefore be the strength of their heart, and their portion for ever, Psalm 73:26."}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "What do you understand by God's being unchangeable?", "answer": "His most perfect constancy, by which he is infinitely free from any actual or possible change, and is always the same."}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "How is God's unchangeableness proved from scripture?", "answer": "From Mal. 3:6 - \"I am the Lord, I change not;\" and James 1:17 - \"The Father of lights, with whom is no variableness, neither shadow of turning.\""}, {"item_id": "52", "question": "How may it be proved from reason?", "answer": "Reason teaches, that if God did change, it behoved either to be to the better, or to the worse; neither of which is consistent with his absolute perfection, Matt. 5:48."}, {"item_id": "53", "question": "Can any creature be unchangeable in its nature?", "answer": "No; because every creature depends upon God for being and operation, Acts 17:28."}, {"item_id": "54", "question": "Are not holy angels, and glorified saints, unchangeable?", "answer": "They are in a state of unchangeable happiness, Eph. 1:10; but this is owing to sovereign grace, and not to their own natures, Rom. 6:23."}, {"item_id": "55", "question": "Did creation make any change in God?", "answer": "It made a change in the creature, from nothing to being; but none in God, because his will and power to create were the same from eternity."}, {"item_id": "56", "question": "How is God unchangeable, when he sometimes said in scripture to repent, as in Gen. 6:6. Jonah 3:10?", "answer": "When, in these or the like places, he is said to repent, it imports only an alteration of his way, or outward conduct according to his infallible foresight, but no change of his mind or will, Job 23:13."}, {"item_id": "57", "question": "What may we learn from God's unchangeableness?", "answer": "That he will accomplish his promise, Micah 7:20; rest in his love, Zeph. 3:17; and finish the good work which he has begun in the soul, Phil. 1:6."}, {"item_id": "58", "question": "In what is God infinite, eternal, and unchangeable?", "answer": "In his being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness, and truth."}, {"item_id": "59", "question": "What is understood by God's being?", "answer": "It is what is usually called his essence."}, {"item_id": "60", "question": "What is the divine essence?", "answer": "It is the glorious and transcendent nature of God, by which he is infinitely blessed in himself, and comprehended by none beside himself."}, {"item_id": "61", "question": "What is the highest perfection of being?", "answer": "That to which nothing can be added, and from which nothing can be taken, and which is independent of all things else, Job 35:6-8."}, {"item_id": "62", "question": "Can being itself, or being in a proper and strict sense, be attributed to any, but God only?", "answer": "No; for though the heavens and the earth, angels and men, have a being; yet there is no infinite, eternal, and unchangeable being, but God only. It is God alone that can say, I AM, Ex. 3:14."}, {"item_id": "63", "question": "What is the import of that name, I AM?", "answer": "It is of the same import with the name JEHOVAH: as if he had said, I am being itself, the author and fountain of all beings in heaven or earth."}, {"item_id": "64", "question": "What are all other beings, in comparison with the being of God?", "answer": "All other beings are but created, contingent, and shadowy beings, if compared with his, who spoke them into being, Psalm 33:6, 9."}, {"item_id": "65", "question": "What says God concerning those that are taken up with created beings, without ever reflecting upon the supreme, infinite, and eternal Being?", "answer": "That they are brutish among the people; fools, destitute of wisdom, Psalm 94:8; more brutish than the ox that knoweth his owner, Isaiah 1:3."}, {"item_id": "66", "question": "Are not all created beings, with their perfections, originally in God, and from him?", "answer": "Yes; as is evident from the unanswerable reasoning of the Spirit of God, Psalm 94:9, 10:- \"He that planted the ear, shall he not hear? He that formed the eye, shall he not see? - He that teacheth man knowledge, shall not he know?\""}, {"item_id": "67", "question": "What may we learn from God's being?", "answer": "That as he gave being to all the creatures, so he will give being to all his promises, in their full accomplishment, Ex. 6:8."}, {"item_id": "68", "question": "Is not omniscience, or infinite knowledge and understanding, inseparably connected with infinite wisdom?", "answer": "Yes; \"For the Lord is a God of knowledge, by him actions are weighed,\" 1 Sam. 2:3."}, {"item_id": "69", "question": "What is God's omniscience?", "answer": "It is that perfection of his nature, by which he knows all things most perfectly in himself, by one eternal act, Acts 15:18."}, {"item_id": "70", "question": "How do you prove from scripture that he knows all things?", "answer": "From 1 John 3:20 - \"God is greater than our heart, and knoweth all things.\""}, {"item_id": "71", "question": "How does God's omniscience appear from reason?", "answer": "He who made all things, cannot but know and comprehend his own workmanship, Psalm 94:9."}, {"item_id": "72", "question": "How does it appear that he has a perfect knowledge of intelligent creatures?", "answer": "If he did not perfectly know them, and their actions, he could not be their supreme governor and judge, Heb. 4:13."}, {"item_id": "73", "question": "What is the object of the divine knowledge or omniscience?", "answer": "God himself, Matt. 11:27, and all other things whatsoever, John 21:17."}, {"item_id": "74", "question": "How is it evident, that God has a most perfect knowledge of himself, and his own glorious excellencies?", "answer": "Because otherwise his understanding would not be infinite, as it is asserted to be, Psalm 147:5, in regard all other objects, beside himself, are but finite."}, {"item_id": "75", "question": "Is the knowledge of God absolutely independent upon12 the creature?", "answer": "It is so independent upon the creature, \"as nothing is to him contingent or uncertain, Acts 15:18; Ezek. 11:5.\"13"}, {"item_id": "76", "question": "How does it appear, that God has a certain and infallible knowledge of contingent actions, or of such things as seem casual and accidental to us?", "answer": "It appears from this, that future events, which depend upon the freedom of man's will, or upon second causes, are expressly foretold in scripture, and, therefore, certainly foreknown by God; such as, Joseph's preferment, and Israel's oppression in Egypt; Ahab's death, though by an arrow shot at a venture; Caesar's decree, that all the world should be taxed, bringing about Christ's birth at Bethlehem; and many other instances."}, {"item_id": "77", "question": "How does God know things that are only possible?", "answer": "He knows them in his power, which could easily bring them to pass if he had so decreed, Matt. 19:26."}, {"item_id": "78", "question": "How does he know things future, or such as actually come to pass in time?", "answer": "He knows them not only in his power, as able to effect them; but in his will, as determining their futurition,14 or after-existence, Gen. 17:21."}, {"item_id": "79", "question": "Is God's knowledge of things general or particular?", "answer": "It is a particular knowledge of every individual creature, and every circumstance about it, Psalm 139:2; Matt. 10:29, 30."}, {"item_id": "80", "question": "Is there any succession in his knowledge, or does he know one thing before another?", "answer": "As there is no succession in his essence, so there is none in his knowledge; he knows all things eternally, infallibly, and immutably, by one single act of his infinite understanding, Heb. 4:13 - \"All things are naked and opened, unto the eyes of him with whom we have to do.\""}, {"item_id": "81", "question": "What conception may we have of the difference between the infinite knowledge and wisdom of God?", "answer": "His infinite knowledge comprehends all things in heaven and earth, by one intuitive glance of his infinite mind; but his infinite wisdom directs these things to the proper ends, for which he gave them their being, Rom. 11:36."}, {"item_id": "82", "question": "How does the wisdom of God appear in the work of creation?", "answer": "It appears in the excellent order, beauty, and harmony that are to be seen in all parts of the creation, Psalm 19:1-7; in the subserviency of one thing to another, Hos. 2:21, 22; the tendency of the whole, to manifest the glory of God, Rev. 4:11; and calculate also for the good of man as his peculiar favourite, Psalm 115:16."}, {"item_id": "83", "question": "How does the wisdom of God appear in the works of providence?", "answer": "In adjusting the whole of his administrations according to the plan laid in his infinite mind from eternity; or his most judicious and regular putting his counsels into execution, Psalm 33:10, 11."}, {"item_id": "84", "question": "How does the wisdom of God shine in the work of redemption?", "answer": "In making an honourable egress and vent for his mercy and love to sinners of mankind, in the way of satisfying his justice to the full, by the obedience and death of the blessed Surety, Rom. 5:21."}, {"item_id": "85", "question": "What encouragement ought we to take from the wisdom of God?", "answer": "That he will make all things work together for our good, Rom. 8:28; and that no plot can be so deeply laid for our ruin, but his wisdom can easily frustrate and disappoint, Job 5:13."}, {"item_id": "86", "question": "What is the power of God?", "answer": "It is that essential perfection of his nature, by which he can do whatsoever he pleases, in heaven and earth, in the seas, and all deep places, Psalm 135:6."}, {"item_id": "87", "question": "What is the object of divine power, or to what does it extend?", "answer": "To all things possible, though limited, by his will, to those things only which he has decreed to be done, Matt. 26:53, 54."}, {"item_id": "88", "question": "Is it any impeachment of God's omnipotence, that he cannot lie, cannot deny himself?", "answer": "By no means; for, on the contrary, God is therefore omnipotent, because it is impossible for him to do evil or depart from the infinite rectitude of his own will, 1 Sam. 15:29 - \"The strength of Israel will not lie.\""}, {"item_id": "89", "question": "In what does God manifest his infinite power?", "answer": "In creation, providence, and redemption."}, {"item_id": "90", "question": "How is the power of God manifested in creation?", "answer": "In calling \"those things that be not as though they were,\" Rom. 4:7; without the assistance or instrumentality of any whosoever, Isaiah 44:24."}, {"item_id": "91", "question": "How is it displayed in the conduct of providence?", "answer": "In upholding and preserving all his creatures from sinking into their original nothing, Heb. 1:3; and, particularly, in protecting and defending his church, in midst of all the dangers and enemies, with which it is surrounded, Matt. 16:18."}, {"item_id": "92", "question": "How is the power of God illustrated in the glorious work of redemption?", "answer": "By laying the chief cornerstone thereof, in the union of the human nature to the person of the Son of God; supporting him under the inconceivable load of divine wrath, for our sins, and spoiling principalities and powers in that very nature which Satan had vanquished at first; hence he is called \"the power of God,\" 1 Cor. 1:24 - \"the arm of the Lord,\" Isaiah 53:1; and \"the man of his right hand,\" Psalm 80:17."}, {"item_id": "93", "question": "How is the power of God denied or abused by men?", "answer": "By limiting it, as Israel did, Psalm 78:19; by trusting more to an arm of flesh, than to the arm of God, Jer. 17:5; and by fearing the wrath of man more than the displeasure of God, Isaiah 51:12, 13."}, {"item_id": "94", "question": "What improvement may faith make of the power of a promising God?", "answer": "It can fasten upon it, for the performance of his gracious word, Rom 4:20, 21; for resisting and conquering sin, Satan, and the world, saying, \"If God be for us, who can be against us?\" Rom. 8:31; and for the practice of any commanded duty, however difficult, saying, \"I can do all things through Christ who strengtheneth me,\" Phil. 4:13."}, {"item_id": "95", "question": "What is the holiness of God?", "answer": "It is that essential rectitude or integrity of his nature, by which he infinitely delights in his own purity, and in every thing agreeable to his will, Hab. 1:13; and has a perfect hatred and abhorrence of every thing contrary to it, Jer. 44:4."}, {"item_id": "96", "question": "Is God necessarily holy?", "answer": "Holiness is as necessary to him as his being: he is as necessarily holy, as he is necessarily God: \"Who shall not fear thee, O Lord? - for thou only art holy,\" Rev. 15:4."}, {"item_id": "97", "question": "What peculiar honour does God put upon his own holiness?", "answer": "He singles it out as the attribute to swear by, for the accomplishment of his promises and threatenings, Psalm 89:35 - \"Once have I sworn by my holiness, that I will not lie unto David.\""}, {"item_id": "98", "question": "Are finite creatures able to behold the brightness of God's holiness?", "answer": "No; for when the angels themselves view his infinite holiness, as manifested in Christ, they are represented as covering their faces with their wings, Isaiah 6:2."}, {"item_id": "99", "question": "How are sinners of mankind made partakers of his holiness?", "answer": "By regenerating grace, and spiritual ingraftment into the second Adam, John 15:4, 5; by faith's improvement of the great and precious promises, 2 Pet. 1:4; and by beholding the glory of this attribute, as it shines in the person and sufferings of the Son of God, presented to our view in the glass of the gospel revelation, 2 Cor. 5:21."}, {"item_id": "100", "question": "Does every thing pertaining to God, bear the stamp and impress of his holiness?", "answer": "Yes; he is holy in all his works, Psalm 145:17; his word is holy, Rom. 1:2; his covenant or promise is holy. Psalm 105:42; his Sabbath is holy, Isaiah 58:13; his people are holy, chap. 62:12; his ministering spirits are the holy angels, Rev. 14:10; and the place where he dwells, is the high and holy place, Isaiah 57:15."}, {"item_id": "101", "question": "In what did the holiness of God appear in the creation of man?", "answer": "In making him upright, Eccl. 7:29, after his own image, Gen. 1:27; and writing a law upon his heart, which was the transcript of his holiness, Rom, 7:12."}, {"item_id": "102", "question": "How has God discovered his holiness in his providential procedure?", "answer": "In not sparing the angels who sinned; and in the visible and remarkable judgments, which he has inflicted upon notorious offenders in this life, 2 Pet. 2:4-6."}, {"item_id": "103", "question": "What was the highest display of God's holiness, and detestation of sin?", "answer": "His hiding his face from his own beloved Son, as bearing our iniquity, Matt. 27:46."}, {"item_id": "104", "question": "What is the greatest opposite of the holiness of God?", "answer": "Sin: therefore called that abominable thing which God hates, Jer. 44:4."}, {"item_id": "105", "question": "How does God hate sin?", "answer": "He hates it necessarily, and with a \"perfect hatred,\" Psalm 5:4-6."}, {"item_id": "106", "question": "Since God thus hates sin, how does his permission of it consist with his holiness?", "answer": "It fully consists with it, because his permission of sin has no influence upon the commission of it, which entirely flows from the free will of the sinner, James 1:13, 14. Besides, God thereby takes occasion to give a brighter display of his holiness and detestation of sin, than though Adam had continued in innocence; when he spared not his own Son, but gave him unto death on account of it, Rom. 8:32."}, {"item_id": "107", "question": "What improvement ought we to make of the holiness of God?", "answer": "To \"give thanks at the remembrance of his holiness,\" Psalm 30:4; to proclaim the glory of it, Ex. 15:11; and to study holiness in all manner of conversation, 1 Pet. 1:15."}, {"item_id": "108", "question": "How may we know if we have suitable impressions of God's holiness?", "answer": "If we stand in awe to offend him, Gen. 39:9; and have an habitual desire after more conformity to him, 1 John 3:3."}, {"item_id": "109", "question": "What is the justice of God?", "answer": "It is that essential attribute of his nature, by which he is infinitely righteous and equal in himself, and in all his ways towards his creatures, Deut. 32:4."}, {"item_id": "110", "question": "How may the justice of God be considered?", "answer": "Either as it relates to himself, or to rational creatures."}, {"item_id": "111", "question": "What is God's justice as it relates to himself?", "answer": "It is his making his own glory the fixed and invariable rule of the whole of his procedure, Isaiah 42:8."}, {"item_id": "112", "question": "What is God's justice in relation to rational creatures?", "answer": "It is his righteous government of them, according to their nature, and the law he has given them, Rom. 2:12, 14, 15."}, {"item_id": "113", "question": "How is it usually distinguished?", "answer": "Into legislative and distributive justice."}, {"item_id": "114", "question": "What is legislative justice?", "answer": "It is his giving most holy, just, and good laws to rational creatures, commanding and forbidding them, what is fit for them to do, or forbear, Isaiah 33:22."}, {"item_id": "115", "question": "Has man a power to give obedience to these laws?", "answer": "He once had power, but by the fall has lost it, Rom. 3:23."}, {"item_id": "116", "question": "How does it consist with the justice of God to demand that obedience, which man has not power to give?", "answer": "God cannot lose his right to demand obedience to his laws, though man has lost his power to give it; especially as man's inability was contracted by his own voluntary apostasy and rebellion, Eccl. 7:29 - \"Lo, this only have I found, that God hath made man upright; but they have sought out many inventions.\""}, {"item_id": "117", "question": "What is God's distributive justice?", "answer": "It is his constant will, to render to rational creatures their due, according to law, without respect to persons, Job 34:11. 1 Pet. 1:17."}, {"item_id": "118", "question": "What are the laws according to which God will distribute justice among men?", "answer": "They are two: the law of works, and the law of faith."}, {"item_id": "119", "question": "Where are they mentioned?", "answer": "In Rom. 3:27 - \"Where is boasting, then? It is excluded. By what law? of works? Nay: but by the law of faith.\""}, {"item_id": "120", "question": "What is understood by the law of works, and the law of faith?", "answer": "By the law of works, is understood the covenant of works; and by the law of faith, the covenant of grace."}, {"item_id": "121", "question": "What is due to the sinner, in justice, according to the law of works?", "answer": "Death and the curse; which include all woe and misery, in time, and through eternity, Rom. 6:23; Gal. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "122", "question": "What is the sinner's due according to the law of faith?", "answer": "Acquittance and acceptance, on account of the surety-righteousness imputed to him, and apprehended by faith, Rom. 3:24, and 8:1."}, {"item_id": "123", "question": "Is God just in dealing thus with the ungodly sinner, who believes in Christ?", "answer": "Yes; his righteousness is declared in so doing, Rom. 3:25, 26 - \"Whom God hath set forth for a propitiation through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness, - that he might be just, and the justifier of him who believeth in Jesus.\""}, {"item_id": "124", "question": "Does God reward the sincere, though imperfect obedience of his people to the law, as a rule of life?", "answer": "In keeping of his commandments there is indeed great reward, Psalm 19:11; but then this reward is entirely of free grace, and not of debt, Rom. 4:4, 5; it is not on account of any worth in their obedience, Psalm 115:1; but only on account of what Christ has merited, by his obedience to the death, 1 Pet. 2:5."}, {"item_id": "125", "question": "How is this kind of justice called?", "answer": "Remunerative or rewarding justice, Psalm 58:11 - \"Verily, there is a reward for the righteous.\""}, {"item_id": "126", "question": "Is not God's taking vengeance on transgressors, a righteous act of justice?", "answer": "Yes; for \"every transgression and disobedience receives a just recompense of reward,\" Heb. 2:2. \"It is a righteous thing to recompense tribulation to them that trouble you,\" 2 Thess. 1:6. Hence says the same apostle, Rom. 3:5, 6 - \"Is God unrighteous who taketh vengeance? God forbid: for then how shall God judge the world?\""}, {"item_id": "127", "question": "How is this justice of God called?", "answer": "Vindictive or punishing justice, Acts 28:4."}, {"item_id": "128", "question": "What is vindictive justice?", "answer": "It is God's inflicting the punishment upon sin, which is threatened in the law, Gen. 2:17; Ezek. 18:4."}, {"item_id": "129", "question": "Could God, of his own free will, have pardoned sin without a satisfaction to his justice?", "answer": "No; for he has declared, \"that in forgiving iniquity, transgression and sin,\" he \"will by no means clear the guilty;\" namely, without a satisfaction, Ex. 34:7."}, {"item_id": "130", "question": "How do you prove, that vindictive, or punishing justice, is essential to God?", "answer": "From the infinite holiness of God, who cannot but hate, and consequently punish sin, Hab. 1:12, 13; from his faithfulness in the threatening, Gen. 2:17; Psalm 95:11; from the remarkable judgments that have been inflicted on sinners in this life, Jude, verse 5, 7; and from the sufferings and death of God's only begotten Son, whom he would surely have spared, if there had been any other possible way of pardoning sin, but through his satisfaction, Matt. 26:42; 2 Cor. 5:21."}, {"item_id": "131", "question": "What improvement ought we to make of the justice of God, as glorified by the satisfactory death of his own Son?", "answer": "To plead the perfect and full satisfaction of it by the Surety, as the honourable channel, in which we expect all mercy and grace to flow plentifully to us, as the Psalmist did, Psalm 25:11 - \"For thy name's sake, O Lord, pardon mine iniquity, for it is great.\""}, {"item_id": "132", "question": "What is the goodness of God?", "answer": "It is that essential property of his nature, by which he is infinitely good in himself; and the author and fountain of all good to others, Psalm 119:68."}, {"item_id": "133", "question": "How may the goodness of God be distinguished?", "answer": "Int: his absolute and relative goodness."}, {"item_id": "134", "question": "What is his absolute goodness?", "answer": "It is the essential goodness of his nature, without considering it in relation to the creatures, Matt. 19:17 - \"There is none good but one, that is, God.\""}, {"item_id": "135", "question": "What is his relative goodness?", "answer": "It is the relation that his goodness bears to the creatures; both in the propensity of his nature to do them good, Ex. 33:19, and in the actual manifestation and communication of the blessings of his bounty to them, in creation, providence, and redemption, chap. 34:6, 7."}, {"item_id": "136", "question": "How is the goodness of God manifested in the work of creation in general?", "answer": "In giving being to his creatures, when he stood in no need of them, being infinitely happy in himself, though no creature had ever been made, Psalm 16:2; and in making all things very good, Gen. 1:31."}, {"item_id": "137", "question": "How is the goodness of God displayed in the creation of man in particular?", "answer": "In making him after his own image; furnishing the world with such a variety of creatures for his use; giving him dominion over them, Gen. 1:27, 28; and in entering into covenant with him, chap. 2:16, 17."}, {"item_id": "138", "question": "How is the goodness of God manifested in his providence?", "answer": "In preserving his creatures, and making bountiful provision for them, Psalm 145:9, 15, 16."}, {"item_id": "139", "question": "How is this goodness distinguished?", "answer": "Into common and special goodness."}, {"item_id": "140", "question": "What is his common goodness?", "answer": "His dispensing the good things of this life, promiscuously among his creatures, Matt. 5:45 - \"He maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust.\""}, {"item_id": "141", "question": "Is God good even to the wicked who are his enemies?", "answer": "Yes; for he not only provides for them, \"filling their hearts with food and gladness,\" Acts 14:17; but exercises long-suffering patience towards them, Neh. 9:17; and affords such of them as are within the visible church, the means of salvation, Acts 13:26."}, {"item_id": "142", "question": "What is the special goodness of God?", "answer": "It is his distinguishing love to a certain number of mankind lost, manifested in their redemption through Christ, Rev. 5:9."}, {"item_id": "143", "question": "In what does the goodness of God appear in the work of redemption?", "answer": "Both in the contrivance and execution of it."}, {"item_id": "144", "question": "How does the goodness of God appear in the contrivance of redemption?", "answer": "In remembering us in our low state, Psalm 136:23; laying our help on his own Son, the mighty One, Psalm 89:19; and in setting him up as a new covenant head from everlasting, Proverbs 8:23."}, {"item_id": "145", "question": "How does it appear in the execution of our redemption?", "answer": "In sending his Son to assume our nature, and thus to fulfil all righteousness for us, John 3:16, Jer. 23:6; and on the foundation of that righteousness, giving us grace and glory, and every good thing, from a cup of cold water, to a seat with him on his throne, Psalm 84:11; Rev. 3:21."}, {"item_id": "146", "question": "What are the streams in which the special goodness of God flows out?", "answer": "In the streams of love, grace and mercy, according to his name, Ex. 34:6, - \"the Lord, the Lord God, merciful and gracious,\" &c."}, {"item_id": "147", "question": "What is the difference between the love, grace, and mercy of God?", "answer": "They are much the same, only love considers the sinner simply as God's creature; grace views him as ill-deserving; and mercy, through a satisfaction, respects him as in misery."}, {"item_id": "148", "question": "Who are the objects of God's special goodness?", "answer": "His chosen ones, Psalm 106:4, 5 - \"O visit me with thy salvation, that I may see the good of thy chosen.\""}, {"item_id": "149", "question": "Can this special goodness of God be expressed in words?", "answer": "No; for \"Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man, the things which God hath prepared for them that love him,\" 1 Cor. 2:9. And Psalm 31:19 - \"O! how great is thy goodness, which thou hast laid up for them that fear thee.\""}, {"item_id": "150", "question": "Where is this goodness of God laid up?", "answer": "It is laid up in Christ, who has received the gifts of God's goodness for men, Psalm 68:18 - \"When he ascended up on high, he - gave gifts unto men,\" Eph. 4:8; and therefore, God has made him most blessed for ever, Psalm 21:6."}, {"item_id": "151", "question": "How is this goodness laid out and brought near to us?", "answer": "It is laid out in the exceeding great and precious promises, 2 Pet. 1:4; and brought near in the full, free, and unhampered offer of the gospel, Mark 16:15."}, {"item_id": "152", "question": "How are we savingly interested in all this goodness?", "answer": "By faith, receiving and resting upon Christ alone for salvation, as he is freely offered in the gospel, John 1:12; 1 Cor. 3:22, 23."}, {"item_id": "153", "question": "What are the properties of this goodness?", "answer": "It is seasonable goodness, Heb. 4:16; it is soul-satisfying, Psalm 107:9; and it is immutable and everlasting, Psalm 52:1."}, {"item_id": "154", "question": "What improvement ought we to make of the goodness of God?", "answer": "We ought to \"praise the Lord for his goodness, and for his wonderful works to the children of men,\" Psalm 107:8; to be influenced to repentance from the consideration of his goodness, Rom. 2:4; and to imitate God in it, Heb. 13:16."}, {"item_id": "155", "question": "What is the truth of God?", "answer": "It is that essential perfection of his nature, by which he cannot but fulfil and accomplish whatever he has spoken; or do as he has said, Num. 23:19."}, {"item_id": "156", "question": "What is it that this perfection of God has a special relation to?", "answer": "To the revelation of his will in his word: hence the whole scripture is infallible truth; \"one jot, or one tittle, shall in no wise pass therefrom, till all be fulfilled,\" Matt. 5:18. For, \"the word of the Lord endureth for ever,\" 1 Pet. 1:25."}, {"item_id": "157", "question": "What is God's truth, as respecting his word, commonly called?", "answer": "His faithfulness, or veracity, Heb. 10:23 - \"He is faithful that promised.\""}, {"item_id": "158", "question": "To what is the truth or faithfulness of God opposed?", "answer": "To all change of mind, Job 23:13 - \"He is in one mind, and who can turn him?\" and to all lying and dissimulation, Heb. 6:18 - \"It is impossible for God to lie.\""}, {"item_id": "159", "question": "Can there be any inconsistency in his words?", "answer": "No; for truth always hangs with itself, and he \"keepeth truth for ever,\" Psalm 146:6."}, {"item_id": "160", "question": "Can he possibly forget what he has said?", "answer": "No, surely; for \"he will ever be mindful of his covenant,\" Psalm 111:5."}, {"item_id": "161", "question": "In what is the truth or faithfulness of God manifested?", "answer": "In the exact accomplishment of his promises, Josh. 23:14; and the certain execution of his threatenings, Zech. 1:6."}, {"item_id": "162", "question": "How do we give God the honour of his truth and faithfulness?", "answer": "By faith, which sets to the seal that God is true, John 3:33; and judges him faithful who hath promised, Heb. 11:11."}, {"item_id": "163", "question": "By what sin is this attribute of God most dishonoured?", "answer": "By the sin of unbelief, which makes God a liar, because it believes not \"the record that God gave of his Son,\" 1 John 5:10."}, {"item_id": "164", "question": "What record does God give of his Son?", "answer": "\"This is the record, that God hath given to us eternal life, and this life is in his Son,\" 1 John 5:11."}, {"item_id": "165", "question": "To whom is this record given?", "answer": "To all the hearers of the gospel, as a ground of faith. Mark 16:15 - \"Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature:\" Acts 2:39 - \"The promise is unto you, and to your children, and to all that are afar off, even as many as the Lord our God shall call.\""}, {"item_id": "166", "question": "How does it appear that this record is given as a ground of faith, to all the hearers of the gospel?", "answer": "If it were not so, it were impossible that unbelievers, under the gospel, could make God a liar; for if they have no concern in this record, and are not bound to believe it with application to themselves, their rejecting of it could not be their sin; because \"where no law is, there is no transgression,\" Rom. 4:15."}, {"item_id": "167", "question": "If the record, or promise of the God of truth, be made to every one of the hearers of the gospel, is he not, in that case, obliged to fulfil it to every one?", "answer": "By no means: because the unbeliever wilfully rejects the promise, and will have no benefit by it, Psalm 81:10-13."}, {"item_id": "168", "question": "By what example, in scripture, may this be illustrated?", "answer": "By the example of the promise of Canaan, made indefinitely to all Israel who came out of Egypt, Ex. 6:6, 8; yet many of them \"could not enter in because of unbelief,\" Heb. 3:19; even so, the promise of eternal life is made to all the hearers of the gospel; yet many of them come short of it, because \"the word preached doth not profit them, not being mixed with faith in them that hear it,\" Heb. 4:1, 2."}, {"item_id": "169", "question": "What then is the deplorable case of unbelievers under the gospel?", "answer": "They are condemned already, and \"the wrath of God abideth on them,\" John 3:18, 36."}, {"item_id": "170", "question": "What improvement ought we to make of the truth and faithfulness of God?", "answer": "We ought to choose the way of truth, Psalm 119:30; walk in it, 3 John, ver. 4; bear witness for it before the world, Heb. 10:23; praise God for his truth, Psalm 148:2; and trust him on his word, without staggering at the promise through unbelief, Rom. 4:20."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "5", "sort_key": 5, "question": "Are there more Gods than one?", "answer": "There is but one only, the living and true God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How does it appear from scripture, that there is but one God only?", "answer": "From Deut. 6:4 - \"Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God is one Lord:\" Isaiah 45:22 - \"I am God, and there is none else.\""}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How does reason demonstrate this truth, that there is but one God?", "answer": "Reason says, that there is but one first cause and ultimate end of all things: and that there cannot be two, or more, infinite, eternal and unchangeable beings."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Why is God's omnipotence commonly adduced to prove, that he can be but one only?", "answer": "Because he could not be omnipotent, or almighty, if any other could oppose or resist him, Job 9:12."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "How may it be proved from his government of the world?", "answer": "There could not be a uniform governing of all things in the world, to one certain end, if the infinitely wise Governor, who is at the helm, were not one only."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How are some of the divine perfections expressed in scripture, for proving the unity of the essence?", "answer": "They are expressed in the abstract; for instance God is said to be \"light,\" 1 John 1:5; to be \"love,\" ch. 4:8; to be \"strength,\" 1 Sam. 15:29; all which, and the like abstract properties, plainly denote that God is one only."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Is God compounded of the several perfections of his nature, as the Socinians speak?", "answer": "By no means: for all the several attributes of God are only the one infinite perfection of his most simple and uncompounded nature; which infinite perfection, because of our weakness, is described by parts, according to the several objects about which it is conversant."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Is the vast variety of the divine decrees any argument against the divine unity?", "answer": "No; because the decrees are various only with respect to the different objects and effects to which they extend, but not with respect to the act of the divine will, which is but one."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Are there not several in scripture who are called gods?", "answer": "Yes; angels, magistrates, and the idols of the heathen nations."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Why are angels called gods? Psalm 97:7.", "answer": "Because of the excellency of their nature, power, and wisdom, Psalm 103:20."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Why are magistrates so called? Ex. 22:28.", "answer": "Because they are God's deputies for government and justice among men, Rom. 13:4."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Why are the idols of the heathen nations called gods? 1 Chron. 5:25.", "answer": "Because ignorant and brutish persons have honoured them as such; but there is no reason at all to be \"afraid of them, for they cannot do evil, neither also is it in them to do good,\" Jer. 10:5."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Why is Satan called the god of this world? 2 Cor. 4:4.", "answer": "Because he reigns and rules over the greatest part of the world, as his servants and slaves; for he is \"the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience,\" Eph. 2:2."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Why are covetous men called idolaters? Eph. 5:5.", "answer": "Because the world has that room in their heart which God should have."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What may we learn from God's being one only?", "answer": "To beware of mistaken notions of him, as if he were partly in heaven and partly on earth; for he is so much one, that he is wholly every where present, Jer. 23:24."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Why is this one only God said to be the living God?", "answer": "Because he has life essentially in himself, John 5:26; and is the author and giver of that life that is in any living creature, Acts 17:28; and likewise in opposition to dead and dumb idols, Psalm 115:4-7."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Why is he called the true God?", "answer": "In opposition to all false and imaginary gods, Jer. 10:10, 11."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Why are living, and true put together in the answer?", "answer": "Because they are inseparably conjoined in the infinitely perfect nature of God. He who is the living God is the only true God; and the true God, the only living God, 1 Thess. 1:9."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What may we learn from his being the living God?", "answer": "To present our bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable to God, which is our reasonable service, Rom. 12:1."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What may we learn from his being the only true God?", "answer": "To worship him in spirit and in truth, John 4:24, because he desires truth in the inward parts, Psalm 51:6; and likewise to beware of setting up an idol, or regarding any iniquity in our hearts; otherwise he will not hear us, Psalm 66:18."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "6", "sort_key": 6, "question": "How many persons are there in the Godhead?", "answer": "There are three persons in the Godhead, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost; and these three are one God, the same in substance, equal in power and glory.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Whence is it, that this article of our holy religion has been so much opposed by adversaries, in every period of the church?", "answer": "The devil and his instruments have warmly opposed it because they know it is the primary object of our faith and worship; it not being enough for us to know what God is, as to his essential attributes, without knowing who he is, as to his personality, according as he has revealed himself in his word, to be Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, 1 John 2:23, - \"Whosoever denieth the Son, the same hath not the Father.\""}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Is this doctrine of the Trinity, then; a fundamental article, upon the belief of which our salvation depends?", "answer": "Beyond all doubt it is: because without the knowledge and belief of the Trinity of persons, we would remain ignorant of the love of the Father, the merit of the Son, and the sanctifying influences of the Holy Ghost, in the purchase and application of redemption; without which there could be no salvation, John 17:3, - \"This is life eternal, that they might know thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom thou hast sent.\""}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Can the Trinity of persons be proved from the Old Testament?", "answer": "Yes; not only from the history of man's creation, where God speaks of himself in the plural number, \"Let us make man,\" Gen. 1:26; but likewise from such passages, as expressly restrict this plurality to three persons, such as, Psalm 33:6, - \"By the word of the Lord, or JEHOVAH, were the heavens made; and all the host of them by the breath, or spirit, of his mouth;\" where there is mention made of JEHOVAH, the Word, and the Spirit, as concurring in the creation of all things: accordingly, we are told that all things were made by the Word, John 1:3, and that the Spirit garnished the heavens, Job 26:13. The same truth is also evident from Isaiah 63:7, 9, 10; where we read of the loving-kindness of JEHOVAH; Of the Angel of his presence saving them; and of their vexing his Holy Spirit. A plain discovery of a Trinity of persons."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is the meaning of the word Trinity, so commonly used in expressing this doctrine?", "answer": "It signifies the same with Tri-unity, or three in one; that is, three distinct persons, in one and the same individual or numerical15 essence, 1 John 5:7."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Is not a Trinity of persons, in the divine Essence, an unsearchable mystery?", "answer": "Yes; and so is every perfection of God, which infinitely transcends our thoughts, and finite capacities, Col. 2:2; Job 11:6, 7."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Is it not unreasonable to require a belief of what we cannot understand?", "answer": "It is not at all unreasonable in matters that are entirely supernatural; but, on the contrary, it is the highest reason we should believe what God says of himself, and of the manner of his own subsistence, John 20:31; besides, it is the peculiar office of faith to subject our reason to divine revelation, Heb. 11:1."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "How has God revealed this mystery in his word?", "answer": "He :as in it told us, that \"there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost; and these three are one,\" 1 John 5:7. Or, as our Confession expresses it, \"In the unity of the Godhead there be three persons, of one substance, power, and eternity; God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost,\" Matt. 3:16, 17 and 28:19; 2 Cor. 13:14."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is meant by the word Godhead?", "answer": "The divine nature or essence; Rom. 1:20, compared with Gal. 4:8."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is meant by a person in the Godhead?", "answer": "A complete, intelligent, and individual subsistence, which is neither a part of, nor sustained by any other; but is distinguished by an incommunicable property in the same undivided essence."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Has each person then a distinct nature, or essence of his own?", "answer": "No; but the same divine nature, or essence, is common to all the three glorious persons, 1 John 5:7, - \"These three are one;\" not only united in will and affection, but in one and the same common nature, or essence: it being the transcendent and incommunicable property of the divine nature, to reside in more persons than one."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What was the heresy of the Sabellians, and Tritheists, in opposition to this fundamental doctrine of the Trinity?", "answer": "The Sabellians maintained that there is but one person in the Trinity under three different names; the Tritheists, that the three persons are three Gods."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Is the word Person, as applied to this mystery, made use of in scripture?", "answer": "Yes; for the Son is said to be the \"express image of the Father's person,\" Heb. 1:3."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "How do you prove that there are three persons in the Godhead?", "answer": "From the institution of baptism, Matt. 28:19; from the apostolical blessing, 2 Cor. 13:14; from John's salutation to the seven churches, Rev. 1:4, 5; and from the baptism of Christ, Matt. 3:16, 17; where the Father is manifested by a voice from heaven; the Son, by his bodily appearance on earth; and the Holy Ghost, by his lighting on him in the shape of a dove."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "How is it farther evident that they are three distinct persons?", "answer": "From the distinct capacities in which they are represented to act; for, in the work of redemption, we find in scripture, the Father \"ordaining,\" the Son \"purchasing,\" and the Holy Ghost \"applying it,\" 1 Pet. 1:2."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How are the persons in the Godhead distinguished from each other?", "answer": "By their personal properties, which are incommunicable to each other."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What is the personal property of the Father?", "answer": "To beget the Son, and that from all eternity, Psalm 2:7."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What is the personal property of the Son?", "answer": "To be eternally begotten of the Father, John 1:14, - \"We beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father.\""}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What is the personal property of the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "To proceed eternally from the Father and the Son, John 15:26 - \"When the Comforter is come, whom I will send unto you from the Father, even the Spirit of truth which proceedeth from the Father, he shall testify of me.\""}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "How does it appear that the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Son, as well as from the Father, when it is not expressly affirmed that he does so, in the above text?", "answer": "Because he is called \"the Spirit of the Son,\" Gal. 4:6 - \"the Spirit of Christ,\" Rom. 8:9; the Spirit is said to receive all things from Christ, John 16:14, 15; to be sent by him, John 15:26; and the Father is said to send him in Christ's name, John 14:26; from all which, it may be safely gathered, that he proceeds from the Son, as well as from the Father."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What is the difference between a personal and an essential property?", "answer": "A personal property is peculiar to one of the persons only, but an essential property is common to them all."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Why are the personal properties called incommunicable?", "answer": "Because each of them is so proper to one of the persons in the Trinity, that it cannot be affirmed of any of the other two."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Is it the divine essence that begets, is begotten, or proceeds?", "answer": "No; for these are not essential, but personal acts. It is the Father who begets the Son; the Son who is begotten of the Father; and the Holy Ghost, who proceeds from both."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Are the terms necessary existence, supreme Deity, and the title of the only true God, essential or personal properties?", "answer": "They are essential properties of the divine nature, and so common to all the persons of the adorable Trinity, who have all the same essence, wholly, equally, and eternally."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "May the above terms be taken, or are they, by sound authors, taken in a sense that includes the personal property of the Father, and so not belonging to the Son and Holy Ghost?", "answer": "They may not be, and never are, by sound authors, taken in that sense; for this would be to make the Son and Holy Ghost inferior to, and dependent upon, the Father, for being or existence, which is the very soul of Arianism."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Does not the Father, being called the first; the Son, the second; and the Holy Ghost, the third person in the Godhead, imply an inequality, or preference of one person to another?", "answer": "These are only terms of mere order, and imply no preference or priority, either of nature, excellency, or duration; and therefore we find in scripture, that sometimes the Son is named before the Father, as in 2 Cor. 13:14, Gal. 1:1; and sometimes the Spirit before the Son, as in Rev. 1:4, 5."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "Is not each of these glorious persons truly and properly God?", "answer": "Each of these persons is God, in the true and proper sense of the word; though none of them can be called the Deity, exclusively of the rest, in regard the Deity, being the same with the divine nature, or essence, is common to them all."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "But does not our Lord say, that the Father is the \"only true God,\" John 17:3 - \"This is life eternal, that they might know thee the only true God?\"", "answer": "Our Lord does not say, that the Father only, is the true God, exclusive of the other persons of the Trinity; but that He is the only true God (as each of the other persons is) in opposition to idols, or gods falsely so called."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "How does it appear that the Father is God?", "answer": "From his being expressly so called every where in scripture: particularly, 1 Cor. 8:6; and 15:24; Gal. 1:1, 3, &c."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "Is it proper to say, that the Father is the fountain of the Deity?", "answer": "The expression is dangerous, and now used by adversaries in an unsound sense, to exclude self-existence and independency from the Son and Holy Ghost, and therefore is to be avoided."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "How does it appear from scripture, that Christ, the Son, is truly and properly the supreme God, equal with the Father?", "answer": "From the same names, attributes, works, and worship being ascribed to him in scripture as are ascribed to the Father, and in as full and ample a sense.16"}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What are the names ascribed to Christ, that prove him to be equal with the Father?", "answer": "He is expressly called \"God,\" John 1:1 - \"the great God,\" Titus 2:13 - \"the mighty God,\" Isaiah 9:6 - \"the true God,\" 1 John 5:20 - \"the only wise God,\" Jude ver. 25; and JEHOVAH, which is a name never ascribed to any, in scripture, but the living and true God, Jer. 23:6; Psalm 83:18."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What are the divine attributes ascribed to Christ, that prove him to be the supreme God?", "answer": "Eternity, in the strict and proper sense of the word, Micah. 5:2; unchangeableness, Heb. 13:8; omniscience, John 21:17; omnipotence, for he calls himself \"the Almighty,\" Rev. 1:8; omnipresence; \"Lo,\" says he, \"I am with you always, even unto the end of the world,\" Matt. 28:20; and supremacy, Rom. 9:5."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "What are those works which manifest Christ to be the true God?", "answer": "The creating and preserving of all things, Col. 1:16, 17; the obtaining eternal redemption for us, Heb. 9:12; the working of miracles by his own power, Mark 5:41; the forgiving of sins, Mark 2:5; the raising of the dead at the last day, John 5:28, 29; and his judging the world, Rom. 14:10."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "What is that worship ascribed to Christ which proves him to be the supreme God?", "answer": "The same divine worship and adoration that is given to the Father, John 5:23; we are commanded to believe in him equally with the Father, John 14:1; and we are baptised in his name, as well as in the name of the Father, Matt. 28:19."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "In what sense does Christ say, John 14:28 - \"My Father is greater than I?\"", "answer": "He does not speak in that place of his nature, as God, but of his office, as Mediator; in which respect he is the Father's servant, Isaiah 42:1."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "How do you prove the supreme Deity of the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "From the same arguments, by which the Deity of the Son was proved; for, (1.) He is expressly called God, Acts 5:3, 4. (2.) Attributes, which are peculiar only to God, are ascribed to him, Heb. 9:14; 1 Cor. 2:10; Luke 2:26; Psalm 139:7. (3.) Works which can be accomplished by none but God, are performed by him, Psalm 33:6; Job 26:13; Luke 1:35; 2 Pet. 1:21; John 16:13; Rom. 15:16. (4.) The same divine worship is paid to him, as to the Father and the Son, Matt. 28:19; 2 Cor. 13:14."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "Could the Trinity of persons, in the unity of essence, have been discovered by the light of nature?", "answer": "By no means: for then it would be no mystery, seeing divine mysteries are such secrets, as the wisdom of man could never have found out, Matt. 11:27; 1 Cor. 2:9, 10, 14."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "Is it lawful to explain this mystery by natural similitudes?", "answer": "No; for there is no similitude amongst all the creatures, that has the remotest resemblance to this adorable mystery of the three one God. By making similes or comparisons of this kind, men have become vain in their imaginations, and their foolish minds have been darkened, Rom. 1:21-26; and therefore, as this doctrine is entirely a matter of faith, it becomes us to adore it, without prying curiously into what is not revealed."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "Does the asserting of three persons in the Godhead, with distinct personal properties, infer any separation, or division, in the divine essence?", "answer": "No; for the persons in the Godhead are not separated, but distinguished from one another, by their personal properties. As the unity of the essence does not confound the persons, so neither does the distinction of persons imply any division of the essence, 1 John 5:7."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "Can any worship God aright, without the faith of this mystery of the Trinity?", "answer": "No; \"for he that cometh to God, must believe that he is,\" Heb. 11:6; namely, that he is God, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "How is our worship to be directed to this three-one God?", "answer": "We are to worship the Father, in Christ the Son, by the Spirit; and thus, when we pray, we are to ask the Father, in the name of the Son, by the Holy Ghost, Eph. 2:18 and 5:20."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "Will not this mystery be more fully known and displayed in heaven?", "answer": "Yes; for, says Christ, \"at that day ye shall know, that I am in my Father,\" John 14:20; See also 1 Cor. 13:12; 1 John 3:2."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "What comfortable instruction may we learn from this doctrine of the Trinity?", "answer": "That the gift of eternal life, in the promise and offer of the gospel, to sinners of mankind, is attested by the three famous witnesses in heaven, who are above all exception, 1 John 5:7, 11; and consequently, that a portion infinitely rich, is insured by the covenant of grace to all those who believe, when it makes over all the three persons to them, as their God, Jer. 31:33."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "What is the duty of the judicatures of the church with reference to Arians, Socinians, and Deists, who deny this fundamental doctrine of the Trinity?", "answer": "It is their duty after the first and second admonition, to reject them as heretics, Titus 3:10."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "7", "sort_key": 7, "question": "What are the decrees of God?", "answer": "The decrees of God are his eternal purpose, according to the counsel of his will, whereby, for his own glory, he hath foreordained whatsoever comes to pass.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What does the word counsel as ascribed to God import?", "answer": "Not the receiving the knowledge of things from another, or in the way of study and advisement, as among men; but the eternity, wisdom, and immutability of his determinations, Psalm 33:11; Proverbs 19:21."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Does the scripture speak expressly of God's decrees?", "answer": "Yes; in many places; such as, Psalm 2:7; Job. 28:26 and 38:10; Isaiah 10:22; Jer. 5:22, &c."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Are we by the decrees of God, to understand the things decreed, or the act decreeing?", "answer": "The act decreeing or discerning."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Is the decreeing act of God one simple act only?", "answer": "Yes; because of the perfect oneness or simplicity of his nature, on account of which he could not but decree all things at once; because all things are naked and opened unto his omniscient eye, Heb. 4:13; and because of his immutability, Mal. 3:6."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Why then do we speak of the divine decrees as various, or many?", "answer": "Because of the many objects which the decreeing act of God respects: the things decreed are many, but the act decreeing is but one only."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What are the properties of the divine decrees?", "answer": "That they are eternal, most wise, absolute, and unchangeable."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "How do you prove the decrees of God to be eternal?", "answer": "The decrees of election, and publishing the gospel, are eternal, as is evident from Eph. 1:4; and 1 Cor. 2:7; and therefore, all other decrees must be eternal likewise, because he decreed all things at once, by one simple act, Acts 15:18."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "In what does the wisdom of God's decrees appear?", "answer": "In the beautiful order in which they are executed, Mark 7:37 - \"He hath done all things well\""}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Why are the divine decrees said to be absolute?", "answer": "Because they depend upon no condition without God himself, but entirely and solely upon his own sovereign will and pleasure, Eph. 1:11."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Are there not certain means by which the decrees of God are executed?", "answer": "Yes; but these means are decreed as well as the end, 2 Thess. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "How does it appear from scripture, that the means and the end are connected in the decree?", "answer": "Fro: the preservation of Paul, and those who were with him in the ship; God had decreed to preserve them all, Acts 27:24; yet lawful means were to be used; the shipmen must not get leave to flee out of the ship, otherwise the rest cannot be saved, as Paul tells the centurion and the soldiers, ver. 31."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the difference between the means of execution, and decreeing conditionally?", "answer": "The means of execution are stated in the decree; but to decree a thing conditionally, is to decree it upon an uncertain event, which may, or may never take place."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the absurdity of conditional decrees?", "answer": "They make the will of God, which is the first cause, to depend upon the will of the creature: and they plainly suppose, that either God is ignorant of the event, or incapable to accomplish it, or that he has determined nothing certainly about it; all which are blasphemously absurd."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Are all the decrees of God then unchangeable?", "answer": "Yes; \"from all eternity he hath, for his own glory, unchangeably foreordained whatsoever comes to pass in time,\" Eph. 1:11.17"}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How do you prove the decrees of God to be unchangeable?", "answer": "From scripture and from reason."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "How is it proved from scripture?", "answer": "From Job 23:13 - \"He is in one mind, and who can turn him?\" Isaiah 46:10 - \"My counsel shall stand, and I will do all my pleasure.\""}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How do you prove from reason, that the divine decrees are unchangeable?", "answer": "From this one argument - That there is in God no defect of wisdom, power, or faithfulness, from whence any change of his will may flow; as is the case among men, when they alter their resolutions."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Does the immutability of God's decree destroy the liberty of man's will, or the contingency of second causes?", "answer": "No; there is in it no \"violence offered to the will of the creature, nor is the liberty or contingency of second causes taken away, but rather established,\" Matt. 17:12; Acts 2:23.18"}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Whence is it, that the absolute or unchangeable decree does not take away the liberty of the will?", "answer": "Because God, in the execution of his decree, does not change the nature of things, but suffers rational agents to act freely and voluntarily, as being under no more constraint or compulsion, than though there had been no such decree."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "How is this made clear from scripture?", "answer": "By the instance of Pilate and the Jews, when they crucified the Lord of glory: what they did was with full freedom of their will, and yet they did nothing but what God's \"hand and counsel determined before to be done,\" Acts 4:27, 28."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Does any thing come to pass in time, but what was decreed from eternity?", "answer": "No; for the very reason why any thing comes to pass in time, is because God decreed it, Eph. 1:11; Acts 15:18."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Are things that are casual or accidental, positively decreed?", "answer": "Yes; as is evident from the instances of Joseph's advancement in Egypt; and the not breaking a bone of Christ; and many others."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What has the decree of God fixed with respect to man's continuance in this world?", "answer": "It has immovably fixed the precise moment of every one's life and death, with every particular circumstance thereof."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "How may it be proved that the precise moment of every one's death is unalterably fixed in the decree?", "answer": "From express scripture testimony, Job 14:5; Psalm 39:4; from the reason given why the Jews could not lay hands on Christ; namely, \"because his hour was not yet come,\" John 7:30; and from God's numbering the hairs of our head, Matt. 10:30; much more the days and moments of our life."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Were there not fifteen years added to Hezekiah's days, after the prophet said to him, \"Set thine house in order; for thou shalt die, and not live,\" Isaiah 38:1, 5?", "answer": "The sentence of death, by the prophet, was not an intimation of the decree of God, that Hezekiah was presently to die; but of the nature of his disease, which, according to the ordinary course of second causes, was mortal, if the power of God had not miraculously interposed."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "How does the decree of God extend to things naturally and morally good?", "answer": "Effectively: because God is the author and efficient cause of all good, Phil. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How does it extend to things morally evil?", "answer": "Permissively and directively only, Acts 14:16."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "Is the permissive decree a bare inactive permitting of evil?", "answer": "No; it determines the event of the evil permitted, and overrules it to a good end, contrary to the intention both of the work and worker."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What scripture example is there of this?", "answer": "God permits Joseph's brethren to sell him into Egypt, and Potiphar to throw him unjustly into prison, and yet overrules both these evils, and makes them means, contrary to the intention both of the work and workers, for executing the decree of his advancement to the greatest honour, Gen. 45:5-8; and 50:20 - \"Ye thought evil against me, (says Joseph to his brethren,) but God meant it unto good.\""}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "How can the decree of God be permissive and efficacious at the same time?", "answer": "It is permissive, with respect to the sinfulness of the action as a moral evil; and efficacious, with respect to the matter of it as a natural act."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "How do you prove that God cannot be the author of sin?", "answer": "From the contrariety of it to his holy nature and law, and the indication he has manifested against it, in what Christ suffered on account of it; for he can never be the author of that of which he is the avenger."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What is the great end of all God's decrees?", "answer": "His own glory, Proverbs 16:4 - \"The Lord hath made all things for himself;\" and particularly the glory of his mercy and justice, Rom. 9:22, 23, and, next to his own glory, the good of the elect, both here and hereafter, Rom. 8:28."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "Who are the special objects of God's decrees?", "answer": "Angels and men."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "What is God's decree concerning angels and men, commonly called?", "answer": "His predestinating of them."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What is meant by predestination?", "answer": "It is God's unchangeable purpose or decree, concerning the last end, and eternal state, of angels and men, 1 Tim. 5:21; Jude ver. 6; Ex. 33:19; Rom. 9:11, 13, 18."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "Is the precise number of angels and men, thus predestinated, particularly and unchangeably defined?", "answer": "Yes; \"their number is so certain and definite, that it cannot be either increased or diminished,\" 2 Tim. 2:19; John 13:18.19"}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "How is the decree of predestination usually divided?", "answer": "Into the decree of election and reprobation."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "What is God's decree of election, as it respects men?", "answer": "It is his choosing a certain number of mankind, in Christ, to eternal life, and the means of it, to the praise of his glorious grace, Eph. 1:4; 2 Thess. 2:13, 14."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "Was it the foresight of faith, or good works, or perseverance in either of them, or any other thing whatsoever in the creature, that moved God to make choice of some men, and not of others?", "answer": "By no means; but his mere free grace and love Eph. 1:6, 12."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "What is God's decree of reprobation, as it respects men?", "answer": "It is his passing by, and ordaining all the rest of mankind whom he has not chosen, to dishonour and wrath, to be for their sins inflicted, to the praise of the glory of his justice, Rom. 9:17, 18, 22; 1 Pet. 2:8; Jude verse 4."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "Since God has appointed the elect to glory, has he not also foreordained all the means?", "answer": "Yes; for \"they who are elected, being fallen in Adam, are redeemed by Christ,\" 1 Thess. 5:9, 10;20 and free grace reigns, through his righteousness, to their eternal life, Rom. 5:21."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "Do the decrees of election and reprobation import any partiality, or, injustice in God?", "answer": "No more than a potter is esteemed partial, or unjust, in making, out of the same lump, one vessel to honour, and another to dishonour, Rom. 9:20, 21."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "Is sin in the reprobate the cause of their damnation, or of their reprobation?", "answer": "Their sin is indeed the cause of their damnation, Rom. 6:23 - \"The wages of sin is death;\" but the sovereign will and pleasure of God is the cause of their reprobation, Matt. 11:25, 26; Rom. 9:18."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "Are the secret decrees of God, concerning the eternal state of men, the rule of faith and practice?", "answer": "No; but the revealed will of God only, Deut. 29:29."}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "Does not this doctrine of particular election and reprobation limit the general call of the gospel?", "answer": "No; for Christ commissions to go \"into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature,\" Mark 16:15; not as they are elect or reprobate, but as they are lost sinners of Adam's family, Matt. 9:13; therefore, all that hear the gospel have an equal warrant to believe, 1 John 3:23."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "Has it a tendency to make men careless in the use of the means of salvation?", "answer": "No; because God has chosen us to salvation, \"through sanctification of the Spirit, and belief of the truth,\" 2 Thess. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "Ought we then to improve the means of salvation, without regard to the decree?", "answer": "We ought no more to regard the decree in the matter of believing to the salvation of our souls, than in eating, drinking, buying, selling, or any other common action of life; because \"the secret things belong unto the Lord our God, but those things which are revealed, belong unto us, and to our children for ever,\" Deut. 29:29."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "What improvement ought we to make of the doctrine of absolute election?", "answer": "We ought to be encouraged to believe in Christ: considering that electing love pitches on the chief of sinners, Ezek. 16:6; that it flows not from, nor is rounded upon, any condition to be performed by men, Rom. 9:11; and that it contains in it all things pertaining to life and godliness, 2 Pet. 1:3."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "8", "sort_key": 8, "question": "How does God execute his decrees?", "answer": "God executes his decrees, in the works of creation and providence.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is it for God to execute his decrees?", "answer": "It is to bring them to pass; or, give an actual being in time, to what he purposed from eternity, Isaiah 46:10."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Does not God leave the execution of his decrees to second causes?", "answer": "Whatever use God may make of second causes, in the execution of his decrees, yet they are merely tools in his over-ruling hand, to bring about his glorious designs; they are his servants, and must do all his pleasure, Acts 4:27, 28."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What difference is there between the decree and the execution of it?", "answer": "The decree is an immanent or inherent act in God, and is nothing else but God decreeing; but the execution is a transient or passing act of his infinite power, bringing the thing decreed into actual existence, 2 Pet. 1:3."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Is there an exact harmony, or correspondence, between God's decree and the execution of it?", "answer": "When the thing decreed is brought actually into being, it exactly corresponds to the idea or platform of it in the infinite mind of God, Psalm 139:16; as the tabernacle of Moses answered the pattern given of it in the Mount, Ex. 25:40."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Can none of the decrees of God be defeated, or fail of execution?", "answer": "By no means; the counsel of the Lord shall stand, and he will do all his pleasure, Isaiah 46:10. \"Who hath resisted his will?\" Rom. 9:19. \"None can stay his hand, or say unto him, What dost thou?\" Dan. 4:35."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What are the works of God, in which his decrees are executed?", "answer": "They are the works of creation and providence."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "To which of these works of God does redemption belong?", "answer": "To the providence of God, as the most glorious part of it towards men."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What then is the first external work of God?", "answer": "It is creation: which is therefore called, \"The beginning of his ways,\" Proverbs 8:22."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the difference between God's executing the work of creation, and that of providence?", "answer": "He executed the work of creation entirely without means, by the word of his power; but he executes the work of providence, ordinarily, in the use of them."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What may we learn from God's executing his decrees?", "answer": "That all his promises shall be punctually accomplished, and not one of them fall to the ground, Mark 13:31."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "9", "sort_key": 9, "question": "What is the work of creation?", "answer": "The work of creation is, God's making all things of nothing, by the word of his power, in the space of six days, and all very good.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How do you know that the world had a beginning?", "answer": "The light of nature teaches, that there must be a first cause; besides, \"through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God,\" Heb. 11:3."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Might not this world have existed from eternity?", "answer": "No; it is impossible: this supposition is not only contrary to scripture, but to common sense and reason, which tells us, that what is created; and has a duration by succession of time, must have had a beginning."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "From whom did this world receive its being and beginning?", "answer": "From God only, who is being itself, and gives being to all things, Neh. 9:6."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is it for God to create?", "answer": "It is his making all things of nothing."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "When did God create this world?", "answer": "In the beginning of time, Gen. 1:1."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Was there any pre-existent matter out of which God created the world?", "answer": "No; for, by his powerful word, he called \"those things which be not, as though they were,\" Rom. 4:17; \"so that things which are seen, were not made of things which do appear,\" that is, of any pre-existent matter, Heb. 11:3."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "In what time did God create all things?", "answer": "In the space of six days, Ex. 20:11."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Could he not have created all things in a moment of time?", "answer": "Yes; but he saw it more for his own glory, and the good of mankind, to set them an example of working six days, and resting the seventh."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "On which of the six days, is it reckoned, that the angels were created?", "answer": "It is probable they were created upon the first day, as would seem from Job 38:4, 7 - \"Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth, - when the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?\""}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Can creating power be imparted to any creature?", "answer": "No; it implies a contradiction for a creature to create, because this would vest a finite creature with infinite power, Isaiah 14:12."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Is it not then a clear proof of the supreme Deity of the Son of God, that all things were made by him?", "answer": "No doubt it is: for, none but he, who is truly and properly God, can command things that are not into being, Isaiah 44:24."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Is creation a work common to all the persons of the Trinity?", "answer": "Yes; for all the external works of God are common to each person; every one of the three adorable persons being the same in substance, equal in power and glory, 1 John 5:7 - \"These three are one.\""}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "For what end did God make all things?", "answer": "He made all things for himself, or for the display of his matchless excellencies, Proverbs 16:4."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What are those excellencies or perfections of God which are more especially displayed in the work of creation?", "answer": "His infinite power, extensive goodness, and manifold wisdom, Rom. 1:20."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How does the infinite power of God shine forth in creating the world?", "answer": "In bringing all things, of a sudden, out of nothing, by his bare word, Psalm 33:6."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What was that bare word?", "answer": "Let such a thing be, Gen. 1:3."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How is his manifold wisdom displayed in this work?", "answer": "In the vast variety of creatures, great and small, which he has made; the order and harmony of them all; and their subserviency one to another, Psalm 104:24."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Why is it said that he made all things very good?", "answer": "Because God, upon a survey of his works, declared them to be so, Gen. 1:31 - \"God saw all that he had made, and behold, it was very good.\""}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "In what consists the goodness of the creatures of God?", "answer": "In the perfection of their nature, their being fit to answer the end of their creation; and their usefulness to man, being both profitable and pleasant to him."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Are not many creatures hurtful to man?", "answer": "They were not so at their first creation, and while man continued in his allegiance to God: but through his sinning against God he has brought a curse on himself, and the whole creation, Gen. 3:17 - \"Cursed is the ground for thy sake.\""}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Is not God said to create evil, Isaiah 45:7?", "answer": "Not the evil of sin; but of punishment, as a just judge, Rom. 3:5, 6; Amos 3:6."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "How then came sin and death into the world?", "answer": "Man is the parent of sin, and sin opened the door to death: \"By one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin,\" Rom. 5:12."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Upon what day did God rest from creating the world?", "answer": "Upon the seventh day, Gen. 2:2, 3; which was therefore appointed to be the weekly Sabbath, till the resurrection of Christ."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Does this resting, on the seventh day, say that he was weary with working?", "answer": "No; \"The everlasting God, the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is weary,\" Isaiah 40:28."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What then is meant by his resting?", "answer": "It is spoken after the manner of men; and the meaning is, that God ceased to create any other sorts of creatures than he had already made."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "Is not the same power that created all things, exerted in sustaining them in their being?", "answer": "Yes; for he, by whom the worlds were made, is said to uphold all things by the word of his power, Heb. 1:2, 3."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "Do not the scriptures speak of a new creation, as well as of the old?", "answer": "Yes; the Spirit of God, in scripture, speaks of a new world of grace, under the name of \"new heavens\" and a \"new earth,\" Isaiah 66:22; Rev. 21:1."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What is to be understood by this new creation, or new world of grace?", "answer": "The true church of Christ, particularly under the New Testament, not excluding the church triumphant in heaven."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "By whom is this new world created?", "answer": "By the same God that made the old world; \"Behold, I create new heavens, and a new earth,\" Isaiah 65:17."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Who are the inhabitants of this new world?", "answer": "They are all new creatures, taken out of the old world, 2 Cor. 5:17."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "How came they out of this material, into that spiritual world?", "answer": "By the new birth; for, except a man be born again, he cannot enter into it, John 3; flesh and blood, or corrupted nature, continuing such, cannot inherit it, 1 Cor. 15:50."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "Is there any difference of nations, sexes, or persons, in this new world?", "answer": "No; for \"there is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcision, nor uncircumcision, Barbarian, Scythian, bond nor free; but Christ is all, and in all,\" Col. 3:11."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "By what door do men enter into this new world of grace?", "answer": "Christ says, \"I am the door; by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved, and shall go in and out, and find pasture,\" John 10:9, and chap. 14:6 - \"I am the way - no man cometh unto the Father, but by me.\""}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "In what lies the happiness of the inhabitants of this new world of grace?", "answer": "None so happy as they, because they dwell in God, and God dwells in them as in a temple, 1 Cor. 3:16; and walks in them as in his garden of pleasure, 2 Cor. 6:16; and, at death, they are transported by the ministry of angels, to the world of glory above, Luke 16:22."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What may we learn from the doctrine of the creation?", "answer": "That we ought to contemplate God in all his creatures, Psalm 104; acknowledge him as the rightful proprietor and sovereign disposer of them all, 1 Chron. 29:11; and believe that the same almighty power of God, which was put forth in creating of all things, shall be exerted in defence and support of his church and people, in the time of their need, Psalm 121:2."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "10", "sort_key": 10, "question": "How did God create man?", "answer": "God created man, male and female, after his own image, in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness, with dominion over the creatures.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Upon which day of creation was man made?", "answer": "Upon the sixth day, Gen. 1:26, and 31, compared."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Why was the creation of man delayed, or put off, to the sixth day?", "answer": "To discover the great regard God had to man's happiness and welfare, in that he would first furnish the great house of the creation for him, before he brought him into it, Psalm 8:6-8."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Was there any more solemnity observed in the creation of man, than in making the rest of the creatures?", "answer": "Yes; for as to the rest of the creatures, he just commanded them into being; but when man is to be created, a council of the Trinity is held about his formation. Gen. 1:26 - \"Let us make man.\""}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Why so much solemnity about man's formation beyond other creatures?", "answer": "Because man was to be God's viceroy in this lower world, the only image of his Creator, in his formal perfections; and it was the purpose of God, though not then revealed, that the second person of the Godhead was to become man."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is it that constitutes the human nature, or nature of man?", "answer": "A true body and a reasonable soul united together."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Of what was the body of man formed?", "answer": "\"Of the dust of the ground,\" Gen. 2:7; hence God is resembled to a potter, and man to the clay, and a potsherd, Isaiah 64:8, and 45:9."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What should this teach us?", "answer": "To remember we are dust, Eccl. 3:20; to admire the condescension of the son of God in coming into our tribe, and assuming a human body, 1 Tim. 3:16; to consider that we are in God's hand, as the clay is in the hand of the potter, Jer. 18:6; and that, in this our fallen state, we are to return to the dust again, Gen. 3:19."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "How was the first woman formed?", "answer": "Of a rib taken from the man's side, Gen. 2:21, 22."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Of what was this a figure?", "answer": "Of Christ and the church, Eph. 5:31, 32."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "In what respect was the formation of the woman a figure of these?", "answer": "In as much as the church was, as it were, taken out of the pierced side of Christ, when the Lord God caused the deep sleep of death to fall upon him; first, typically, in the sacrifice; and then actually, in his decease which he accomplished at Jerusalem."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Why was marriage instituted of God before the fall?", "answer": "To show that it belongs to the law of nature; and that mankind, as such, have a title to it. Heb. 13:4 - \"Marriage is honourable in all.\""}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the other part of man's nature?", "answer": "A reasonable soul."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "How was the soul of man made?", "answer": "God \"breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and he became a living soul,\" Gen. 2:7."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Why is the creation of the soul of man thus expressed?", "answer": "To show, that as the Lord is \"the God of the spirits of all flesh,\" Num. 27:16; who creates them immediately, and by himself, without the intervention of second causes, Zech. 12:1; so he has an absolute dominion over them, and can call them back to himself when he pleases, Eccl. 12:7."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "In what does the soul of man differ from the body?", "answer": "The body is a corporeal, but the soul is a spiritual and immaterial substance."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "In what does the soul of man differ from the spirit or life of a beast?", "answer": "The spirit or life of a beast goes downward to the earth, and perishes at its death, Eccl. 3:21; but the soul of man, being rational and immortal, \"returns to God who gave it,\" Eccl. 12:7."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How do you prove the immortality of the soul of man?", "answer": "(1.) From the great price paid for the redemption of the soul, which had ceased for ever, without a ransom of infinite value, Psalm 49:8. (2.) From the promises of eternal life, and the threatenings of eternal death, Mark 16:16. (3.) Christ tells us, that they who kill the body cannot kill the soul, Matt. 10:28. (4.) Christ, and his dying saints, commit their spirits, or souls, into the hand of God, Psalm 31:5; Luke 23:46; Acts 7:59; and the soul of the thief went to paradise, with the soul of Christ, that day they died, Luke 23:43. In a word, if the soul perishes with the body, the saints of God would be of all men the most miserable, 1 Cor. 15:19."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What should this teach us?", "answer": "To be more concerned for the salvation of our souls than for all things in the world: \"For,\" says Christ, \"what is a man profited, if he gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?\" Matt. 16:26."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Why did God create man male and female?", "answer": "For the propagation of mankind, Gen. 1:28; and mutual helpfulness to each other, chap. 2:18."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Why were both the man and the woman called Adam, Gen. 5:2?", "answer": "To intimate that their original was of the earth; that they were both of the same nature; that the promises and threatenings concerned them both equally, Rom. 5:12; and to teach us, that notwithstanding this, the man was the representing head of the covenant, 1 Cor. 15:22."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "After whose image did God create man?", "answer": "After his own image, Gen. 1:26, 27."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Did this image of God lie in any outward shape of man's body?", "answer": "By no means: for God is a pure Spirit, without bodily parts, John 4:24."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What then was the proper seat of it?", "answer": "The soul of man was the painting table, on which this image of God was expressed and delineated, Gen. 2:7; James 3:9."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "In what did the soul of man bear a likeness to God?", "answer": "In its spiritual and immortal nature; and in the faculties of the understanding and the will, with which it was endued."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "In what did the image of God, which was drawn on man's soul, chiefly consist?", "answer": "In knowledge, righteousness, and holiness, Col. 3:10; Eph. 4:24."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What knowledge was man endued with at his creation?", "answer": "A perfect knowledge of God, of his will, and works, so far as was necessary to render him happy, and fit for universal obedience."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What righteousness had man at his creation?", "answer": "Not an imputed, but an inherent righteousness; which consisted in a perfect conformity of all the powers and faculties of his soul, to the pure nature of God, and the moral law written upon his heart, Eccl. 7:29."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "In what consisted his holiness?", "answer": "In the lustre and beauty of his perfect knowledge and inherent righteousness, shining both in his heart and life."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "Was the will of man, in a state of innocence, absolutely indifferent to good and evil?", "answer": "No; God set man's will only towards good; yet it was movable to evil, and that only by man himself; to whom God gave a sufficient power to stand in his integrity, if he had pleased, Eccl. 7:29."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "What was the necessary consequence of this image of God drawn upon our first parents?", "answer": "The immortality of the whole man, and dominion over the creatures."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "Would they have been immortal if they had not sinned?", "answer": "Yes; for it was only in case of sin that death was threatened, Gen. 2:17."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "How could their bodies have been immortal, when made of the dust?", "answer": "The perfect purity or holiness of their souls, would have preserved their bodies from sickness, death, and corruption, Rom. 5:12 and 6:23."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "In what did man's dominion over the creatures consist?", "answer": "In his princely power over the inferior creatures, by which he could rule and use them as be pleased, for God's glory and his own good, without any injustice, Gen. 1:28, and 2:19, 20."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "Where did God put the man when he had formed him after his own image?", "answer": "In the garden of Eden; a place eminent for pleasantness, wherein nothing was wanting, either for necessity or delight, Gen. 2:8, 9."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What may we learn from the holy and happy state in which man was created?", "answer": "The unspeakable difference between man's former and present condition: formerly, in a state of innocence, man's understanding was a lamp of light, his will lay straight with the will of God, and his affections were pure and holy, free from all disorder and distemper; but now, the very reverse: so that we may say, \"How is the gold become dim! how is the most fine gold changed!\" Lam. 4:1. \"The crown is fallen from our head! wo unto us that we have sinned!\" chap. 5:16."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "11", "sort_key": 11, "question": "What are God's works of providence?", "answer": "God's works of providence are, his most holy, wise, and powerful preserving and governing all his creatures, and all their actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How does it appear that there is a providence?", "answer": "From scripture, and by reason."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How does the scripture evidence that there is a providence?", "answer": "It tells us, that the Lord preserves man and beast, Psalm 36:6; that he gives \"rain from heaven, and fruitful seasons, filling our hearts with food and gladness,\" Acts 14:17; that \"he giveth to all, life, and breath, and all things,\" Acts 17:25."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How may providence be proved by reason?", "answer": "The admirable order and harmony among such a vast variety of creatures in the world, continuing for so many ages, notwithstanding of their different and opposite natures; the accomplishment of future events, exactly according to the predictions of them long before; the revolutions of kingdoms; the orderly returns of seed-time and harvest; and the preservation of a church on earth, against the fury of hell and wicked men: all these plainly evince, to the rational world, that there is a providence."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Can providence be denied without denying the being of God?", "answer": "No; for the same arguments that prove the one, prove the other: to deny that God governs the world, is to deny that God exists, Isaiah 41:23."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is the object of God's providence, or to what does it extend?", "answer": "To all his creatures, and all their actions."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is God's providence towards the angels?", "answer": "He permitted some of them to fall wilfully and irrecoverably into sin and damnation, Jude verse 6; and established the rest in holiness and happiness, 1 Tim. 5:21."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Are the smallest and meanest of the creatures the objects of God's providence, as well as the greatest and most considerable?", "answer": "God's providence disdains not the meanest worm, more than the mightiest prince: he counts the hairs of our head, Matt. 10:30, as well as the number of the stars, Psalm 147:4."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Does it reflect any dishonour upon the providence of God to take care of the meanest creatures?", "answer": "It can reflect no dishonour upon divine providence, to preserve what infinite wisdom saw meet to create, be it ever so mean in our view, Neh. 9:6."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Does providence extend to all the actions of the creatures, as well as to the creatures themselves?", "answer": "Yes; otherwise the creatures would be independent in their actions; and God would not be in all things the first cause, Gen. 45:7."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Are casual or contingent actions subject to divine providence?", "answer": "What is casual to us, is ordained by God: nothing can be more casual than a lot, yet \"the whole disposing thereof is of the Lord,\" Proverbs 16:33."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Are voluntary or free actions subject to it likewise?", "answer": "Yes; for, though \"there are many devices in a man's heart, nevertheless the counsel of the Lord, that shall stand,\" Proverbs 19:21."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "How is the providence of God conversant about good actions?", "answer": "Not by compelling, but sweetly inclining and determining the will, both to the action and the right manner of performing it. Phil. 2:13 - \"It is God who worketh in you, both to will and to do, of his good pleasure.\""}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "How is it conversant about sinful actions?", "answer": "In permitting them to be done, Acts 14:16; and in limiting and directing them to good and holy ends, contrary both to the nature of sin, and the intention of the sinner, 2 Kings 19:28."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What scripture instance may be given, of God's over-ruling the sinful actions of men to holy ends?", "answer": "The worst action that ever was committed, the crucifying the Lord of glory, was ordered and directed by God, for bringing about the greatest mercy, the redemption of a lost world, Acts 2:23, and 4:28."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What are the works of providence about the creatures and their actions?", "answer": "They are two; God's preserving them, and his governing them."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What is God's preserving work of providence?", "answer": "It is his upholding all the creatures in their being and operation, by the same power by which he made them at first, Heb. 1:3 - \"Upholding all things, by the word of his power.\""}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What would be the consequence of God's withholding from the creatures his preserving providence?", "answer": "They would presently sink into their original nothing, Psalm 104:29 - \"Thou hidest thy face, they are troubled: thou takest away their breath, they die, and return to their dust.\""}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What is God's governing work of providence?", "answer": "His:directing and leading all his creatures to the proper ends, which he has prescribed and appointed, Proverbs 16:9 - \"A man's heart deviseth his way, but the Lord directeth his steps.\""}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "How do you prove that God governs as well as preserves his creatures?", "answer": "From their dependence upon him for operation, as well as for being; for in him they live and move, as well as have their being, Acts 17:28; and it is expressly said, that \"God ruleth by his power for ever,\" Psalm 66:7."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Does God's governing providence include in it his immediate concurrence with every action of the creature?", "answer": "Yes; God not only efficaciously concurs in producing the action, as to the matter of it; but likewise predetermines the creature to such or such an action, and not to another, Isaiah 10:6, 7; shutting up all other ways of acting, and leaving that only open, which he had determined to be done, Ezek. 21:21, 22."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "How can God concur with the sinful actions of men, without sin, of which he cannot be the author?", "answer": "Although God not only preserves and supports the faculties with which a man sins, but likewise previously, immediately, and efficaciously concurs to the substance, matter, or entity of the action, yet he by no means concurs to the sinfulness or wickedness of the act, Isaiah 10:6, 7."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "In what does the sinfulness of an action properly consist?", "answer": "Not in the matter of the action, but in the form of it; that is, not in the action itself, considered as an act, but in the deficiency or swerving of that act from the rule of the law, 1 John 3:4 - \"Sin is the transgression of the law.\""}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "How may the difference between the matter and form of an action be illustrated by an example?", "answer": "In the stoning of Achan and Naboth; the matter of the action was the same, namely, the throwing of stones; but the form of the action, in point of conformity or disconformity to the law, was vastly different: the stoning of Achan, condemned by God, and all Israel, was an act of just punishment, agreeable to the law; but the stoning of Naboth, an innocent man, was an act of unjust murder, quite contrary to the law, Ex. 20:13."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "From whence then does the sinfulness or viciousness of actions proceed?", "answer": "Although the power of acting be from God, yet the viciousness or malignity of the action is entirely from the inherent corruption of our own nature, James 1:13, 14."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Does not God present the object which is the occasion of sinning?", "answer": "Sin does not arise from the object which God, in his providence, presents to us, but from our own inward depravity, called, \"the corruption that is in the world through lust,\" 2 Pet. 1:4. God delivered Christ to the Jews; he presented him to them; but neither infused that malice in them, by which they crucified him, nor did excite it, but it was entirely of themselves, Acts 2:23."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What are the properties of God's providence?", "answer": "It is most holy, wise, and powerful."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "Why is the providence of God called most holy?", "answer": "Because of the infinite holiness and purity that shines in all his administrations, Psalm 145:17."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "In what does the holiness of God's providence appear?", "answer": "In bringing glory to his mercy and justice out of sin."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "How does he bring glory to his mercy out of sin?", "answer": "In making the worst of sinners become the choicest of saints, as in the instance of Paul, 1 Tim. 1:12, 13, and others."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "How does he bring glory to his justice out of sin?", "answer": "By the judgments which he executes upon sinners, even in this life, Psalm 9:16."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "Why is the providence of God said to be wise?", "answer": "Because it makes all things subservient to the end which God had fixed for himself, Rom. 8:28."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "How is the wisdom of providence manifested?", "answer": "In the exact harmony of all the motions thereof with the word, Hos. 14:9."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "Why is God's providence called powerful?", "answer": "Because it cannot be resisted, Dan. 4:35 - \"He doth according to his will, in the army of heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth: none can stay his hand, or say unto him, what dost thou?\""}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "How does the power of providence discover itself?", "answer": "In bringing about great events, by small and apparently contemptible means: thus, he makes worm Jacob to thresh the mountains, Isaiah 41:15; and by the foolishness of preaching saves them that believe, 1 Cor. 1:21."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "How is the providence of God usually distinguished?", "answer": "Into ordinary and extraordinary, common and special."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "What is the ordinary providence of God?", "answer": "It is his observing the order of things, which he appointed from the beginning, Hos. 2:21, 22."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "What is the extraordinary providence of God?", "answer": "It is his going beyond, or contrary to the natural order of things; and such events are called miraculous."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "What is a miracle?", "answer": "It is such an astonishing and surprising effect, contrary to the ordinary course of nature, as surpasses the power of all created beings, and can be produced by divine omnipotence only; such as, dividing the waters of the Red Sea and Jordan, making the sun to stand still, raising the dead, giving eye-sight to the born blind, curing all manner of diseases by a word, and the like."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "What is common providence?", "answer": "It is that which is exercised about all the creatures in general, Acts 17:28, called God's natural government."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "What is special providence?", "answer": "It is that which is exercised about rational creatures in particular, Deut. 30:1518, called his moral government."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "What is the special providence which God exercises about his church and people?", "answer": "His \"eyes run to and fro throughout the whole earth, to show himself strong in behalf of them whose heart is perfect towards him,\" 2 Chron. 16:9; and he makes all things work together for their good, Rom. 8:28."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "Are not all the dispensations of providence, prosperous or adverse, to be carefully observed?", "answer": "Yes; for \"whoso is wise, and will observe these things, even they shall understand the loving-kindness of the Lord,\" Psalm 107:43."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "How are the providences of God to be observed?", "answer": "With humility and reverence, under a sense of our weakness to penetrate into them, Rom. 11:34; and with gratitude and thankfulness, because there is always some mixture of mercy with judgment in this life, Psalm 101:1."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "Is it not dangerous to overlook the operations of divine providence?", "answer": "Yes; for it is said, Psalm 28:5 - \"Because they regard not the works of the Lord, nor the operation of his hands, he shall destroy them, and not build them up.\""}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "Are not some dispensations of providence very dark and mysterious?", "answer": "Yes; his ways are many times in the sea, and his paths in the great waters, and his footsteps are not known, Psalm 77:19."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "In what does the mystery of providence appear?", "answer": "In the mysterious tract, and mysterious outward appearance of it."}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "How is providence mysterious in the tract of it?", "answer": "In attaining its end by seemingly contrary means; such as making Joseph's imprisonment the step to his being second in the kingdom, and the casting of Daniel into the lions' den, the path to his higher preferment."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "In what is providence mysterious in the outward appearance of it?", "answer": "In that \"all things come alike unto all;\" there being one event to the righteous and to the wicked: and no man knowing love or hatred, by all that is before him in this life, Eccl. 9:1, 2."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "How do you prove that love or hatred cannot be known by the outward dispensations of providence in this life?", "answer": "From the parable of the rich man and Lazarus; the rich man, in his lifetime, received good things, and Lazarus evil things; and yet, after death, Lazarus is comforted, and the other tormented, Luke 16:19-28."}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "Is this seemingly unequal appearance of providence in this life, any reflection upon the wisdom and righteousness of it?", "answer": "No; for, though good men may be sometimes put to a stand by the outward prosperity of the wicked, and the straits and wants of the godly, as Jeremiah was, chap. 12:1 - \"wherefore doth the way of the wicked prosper? wherefore are all they happy that deal very treacherously?\" yet, if the enjoyments of the one, and wants of the other, are laid in the balance, it would be found, that a \"little that the righteous man hath, is better than the riches of many wicked,\" Psalm 37:16."}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "What is our duty when providence seems to run contrary to the promise?", "answer": "It is to believe the promise, and that providence is running in a direct line to the accomplishment of it, though we cannot see it at the time, as Abraham did, \"who against hope believed in hope, and staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief,\" Rom. 4:18, 20."}, {"item_id": "52", "question": "Will not dark providences be opened to the saints some time or other?", "answer": "Yes; for, says Christ, \"What I do thou knowest not now, but thou shalt know hereafter,\" John 13:7."}, {"item_id": "53", "question": "When will the mystery of providence be opened to the saints?", "answer": "It shall be fully unveiled at the end of the day, when the mystery of it shall be finished, and all the labyrinths, in which the saints were led, fully unwinded, Rev. 10:6, 7."}, {"item_id": "54", "question": "What will be the language of the saints, when the whole mystery of providence shall be explained?", "answer": "They will say, \"He hath done all things well,\" Mark 7:37 - \"Not one thing hath failed of all the good things which the Lord spake; - all are come to pass, - not one thing hath failed thereof,\" Josh. 23:14."}, {"item_id": "55", "question": "What improvement ought we to make of this doctrine of providence?", "answer": "To commit our way to the Lord; to \"trust also in him, and he shall bring it to pass,\" Psalm 37:5."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "12", "sort_key": 12, "question": "What special act of providence did God exercise towards man, in the estate wherein he was created?", "answer": "When God had created man, he entered into a covenant of life with him, upon condition of perfect obedience; forbidding him to eat of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, upon the pain of death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Was there any thing special in God's government of man, when he was created, above the other creatures?", "answer": "Yes; for God gave man a moral law, which the other creatures, not endued with reason, were not capable of: Job 35:10, 11 - \"None saith, Where is God my maker? - Who teacheth us more than the beasts of the earth, and maketh us wiser than the fowls of heaven.\""}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What call you a moral law?", "answer": "A moral law signifies a law of right manners, or good and suitable behaviour towards God and man, and adapted to man's rational nature, Rom 7:12."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How was this law first given to man?", "answer": "It was written upon the table of his heart, the moment that God created him in his own image, Gen. 1:27."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What do you understand by God's writing the law upon the table of his heart?", "answer": "God's inlaying a principle of obedience in his heart, disposing him to obey out of love to God, and a supreme regard to his authority, Eccl. 7:29."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What was the peculiar favour which God manifested to man in a state of innocence, besides writing the law upon his heart?", "answer": "The reducing that law to the form of a covenant, by which man became confederate with heaven."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is a covenant?", "answer": "A mutual free compact and agreement between two parties, upon express terms or conditions."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "How many covenants are there, relating to the life and happiness of man?", "answer": "Two: the covenant of works, and the covenant of grace, Gal. 4:24 - \"These are the two covenants.\""}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Which of these was the covenant which God entered into with man, when he was created?", "answer": "The covenant of works, or of life."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Why called a covenant of works?", "answer": "From the condition of it."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Why called a covenant of life?", "answer": "From the promise of it."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "How does it appear that God entered into a covenant with man in innocence?", "answer": "From the condition and penalty that were in the first covenant, Gen. 2:16, 17, and from express mention in scripture of Adam's breach of that covenant. Hos. 6:7 - \"But they, like men, (margin, like Adam,) have transgressed the covenant.\""}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "How does it appear that Adam gave that consent, which was necessary in a mutual covenant?", "answer": "His silent acquiescence to the will of his sovereign Creator, implied a consent; and his consent could not be withheld, by a creature made after the image of God, in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What was the condition of the covenant of works?", "answer": "Perfect obedience to the whole law of God, in heart and life."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What was the sum of that law, which was the rule of man's covenant obedience?", "answer": "That man believe whatever God shall reveal, and do whatever he shall command, Rom. 10:5; and, in testimony of it, not to eat of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, Gen. 2:17."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Was this prohibition, of not eating of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, a moral or a positive precept?", "answer": "It was a positive precept, founded in the sovereign will of God."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Was it then a thing in itself indifferent to eat, or not to eat, of that tree?", "answer": "There could be no moral evil in eating of that tree, more than any other, antecedently to the command of God forbidding it; but after that, it was no more indifferent, but highly sinful to do so."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Why did God extend the rule and matter of man's covenant obedience, to a thing in itself indifferent?", "answer": "That man's obedience might turn upon the precise point of the will of God, which is the plainest evidence of true obedience, Psalm 40:8."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Did man's life and death hang upon this positive precept about the forbidden fruit?", "answer": "Not upon this only, but likewise on the whole law, Gal. 3:10. \"Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things written in the book of the law to do them.\""}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Was there any mercy or favour in restricting man from eating of this tree?", "answer": "Much every way; for this restriction taught him, that though he was lord of the creatures, yet he was God's subject: it was a beacon set up before him to beware of sin; and it pointed him away from the creatures to God himself for happiness."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What was the penalty in case of disobedience?", "answer": "It was the pain of death: - \"In the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die,\" Gen. 2:17."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What kind of death was this which was threatened upon disobedience?", "answer": "It was death temporal, spiritual, and eternal."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Did Adam die a temporal or natural death, that day he sinned?", "answer": "No; but he became a dead man in law, and his body got its death-wound, and became mortal, Rom. 5:12."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Why was the immediate execution of natural death suspended?", "answer": "Because of his posterity then in his loins; and because of another covenant that was prepared, Job 33:24."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What was the spiritual death threatened?", "answer": "The loss of his original righteousness, and the favour of God, Gen. 3:8, 10, 24."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What is meant by eternal death?", "answer": "The enduring of the wrath of God, in soul and body, in a state of separation from him for ever, Matt. 25:46."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What was the promise in this covenant, in case of obedience?", "answer": "It was life."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How does it appear that life was promised, when the promise of it is not expressly mentioned?", "answer": "The promise of life is included in the threatening of death; \"In the day that thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die:\" which necessarily implies, If thou dost not eat thereof, thou shalt surely live, Gal. 3:12."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What kind of life was it that was promised to man in the covenant of works?", "answer": "The continuance of his natural life, consisting in the union of his soul and body; the continuance also of his spiritual life, consisting in the favour of God, Lev. 18:5; and his entering upon eternal life in heaven, after he had passed through the time of his trial upon earth, Rom. 7:10."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "How do you prove that eternal life in heaven was included in the promise of this covenant?", "answer": "From eternal death in hell being included in the threatening of it, as the natural wages of sin; and from Christ himself expounding the promise of the covenant of works of eternal life, Matt. 19:16. When one puts the question to him, \"What shall I do, that I may inherit eternal life?\" he answers, ver. 17 - \"If thou wilt enter into life, (namely, eternal life, by doing,) keep the commandments.\""}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Was there any proportion between Adam's obedience, though sinless, and the life that was promised?", "answer": "There can be no proportion between the obedience of a finite creature, however perfect, and the enjoyment of the infinite God, Job 22:2, 3 - \"Can a man be profitable to God? Is it any pleasure to the Almighty, that thou art righteous? or, is it gain to him, that thou makest thy way perfect?\""}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "Why could not Adam's perfect obedience be meritorious of eternal life?", "answer": "Because perfect obedience was no more than what he was bound to, by virtue of his natural dependence on God, as a reasonable creature made after his image."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "Could he have claimed the reward as a debt, in case he had continued in his obedience?", "answer": "He could have claimed it only as a pactional21 debt, in virtue of the covenant promise, by which God became debtor to his own faithfulness, but not in virtue of any intrinsic merit of his obedience, Luke 17:10."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "What then was the grace and condescension of God that shined in the covenant of works?", "answer": "In that he entered into a covenant, at all, with his own creature; and promised eternal life as a reward of his work, though he had nothing to work with, but what he received from God, 1 Cor. 4:7."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "Did the covenant of works oblige man to seek life upon the account of his obedience?", "answer": "It left man to expect it upon his obedience, but did not oblige him to seek it on that score; but only on account of the faithfulness of God in his promise, graciously annexing life to man's sinless obedience, Matt. 19:16."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "Did the covenant of works oblige man to make his own life and happiness the chief end of his obedience?", "answer": "By no means: the promise of life was an encouragement to his obedience, but the glory of God was to be the chief end in it; to which any view of his own happiness was to be subordinate, otherwise his obedience had not been perfect."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "Was the covenant of works a law, as well as a covenant?", "answer": "Yes; it was both the one and the other."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "In what respect was it a law?", "answer": "As it was not between equals, but enjoined by the sovereign Lawgiver."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "In what respect was it a covenant?", "answer": "As it contained a promise of reward, graciously annexed to the precept, Gal. 3:12."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "Is this covenant abrogated, or still in force?", "answer": "It was never abrogated, but is still binding upon all that are under it, Matt. 5:18, and 19:17."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "Did not man's sin abrogate this covenant?", "answer": "No; his sin bound him under the curse of it, Gal. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "Did not Christ's doing and dying abrogate this covenant of works?", "answer": "No; it fulfilled both the precept and penalty of it, Rom. 10:4."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "Does not the law of faith abrogate the law of works?", "answer": "No; \"Do we make void the law through faith? God forbid; yea, we establish the law,\" Rom. 3:31."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "Are sinners, that live under the gospel dispensation, under the same obligation to obedience, as the condition of life, that Adam was under?", "answer": "While they remain in unbelief, rejecting the surety of the better testament, they keep themselves under an obligation to do the whole law, and so are under the curse of it, Gal. 5:3, 4."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "What may we learn from this doctrine?", "answer": "It teaches us, that eternal death comes by the breach of the covenant of works in the first Adam; and that eternal life comes only by the fulfilling of the same covenant by the second Adam, Rom. 5:19."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "13", "sort_key": 13, "question": "Did our first parents continue in the estate in which they were created?", "answer": "Our first parents, being left to the freedom of their own will, fell from the estate in which they were created, by sinning against God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What mean you by the estate in which man was created?", "answer": "His state of innocence, in which he had his standing under God, as his great Lord and Creator."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What standing had he under God in a state of innocence?", "answer": "Perfect conformity to him; intimate fellowship and communion with him; and an ample dominion over all the work of his hands, in this lower world; the tree of knowledge of good and evil only excepted."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "By what charter did man hold this state of his great Creator?", "answer": "By the charter of the covenant of works."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What remarkable and significant circumstances appertained to this charter?", "answer": "The tree of knowledge of good and evil, and the tree of life."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What did the tree of knowledge of good and evil signify?", "answer": "It signified, that, as Adam knew much of his Creator's goodness, by what he had done for him, so he was to know much of his displeasure and indignation, if he tasted the fruit of that tree."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What did the tree of life signify to man?", "answer": "That upon his fulfilling the condition of the covenant, by a course of obedience, he was to live forever."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What do you understand by the course of obedience, which Adam had to go through, in order to found his covenant title to eternal life?", "answer": "A continuance in perfect obedience, during the time which God had appointed for his state of probation."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "When was a state of probation only applicable to man?", "answer": "It was only applicable to man while in innocence, before the breach of the covenant of works; and by no means applicable to man in any other state since the fall."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Why is it that no man, since the fall, can justly be said to be in a state of probation in this world?", "answer": "Because the covenant of works being broken, all the children of men are either in a natural state, in the first Adam, or in a gracious state in the second; and consequently under a dispensation either of divine Justice or mercy."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Are not men to have rewards given them according to their good or evil works, and consequently may be said to be in a state of probation, as well as Adam was?", "answer": "The consequence will not hold; because these rewards are of another kind than could have taken place under the covenant of works, though it had been fulfilled; for now, they are either rewards of impartial justice, for evil works, the wages of sin being death; or rewards of free mercy to the doing persons; not for their good works, but according to them, 2 Cor. 5:10."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is it for God to dispense rewards of free mercy to his people, not for their good works, but according to them?", "answer": "It is to bestow these rewards, not on account of any worth or merit that is in their good works, in themselves considered, but as they are evidences of union with Christ, in whom their persons and performances are accepted, and through whom the rewards of grace are freely conferred; for, \"the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord,\" Rom. 6:23."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Is there any danger in asserting, that men are not now in a state of probation, as Adam was?", "answer": "No; because though they cannot now be in that state, yet God still deals with them as rational creatures, under a moral government, and capable of rewards, whether of justice or mercy, of debt or grace, according to their state and works: hence men are judged at the great day, according to their state, as sheep or goats, separated from one another, and then according to their works, Matt. 25:32-46."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What then is the dangerous consequence of asserting, that fallen man is still in a state of probation in this life?", "answer": "This dangerous consequence would follow, that mankind are hereby supposed to be still under a covenant of works that can justify the doer; or under a law that can give life, besides the law of faith, mentioned Rom. 3:27, which is false: for, if there had been a law given, which could have given life, verily righteousness should have been by the law, Gal. 3:21."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What improvement ought we to make of this doctrine respecting the state of probation?", "answer": "To be restless in the use of all appointed means till we get in to Christ; that, in the way of believing and walking in him, we may share of the sure reward, promised, through grace, \"to him that soweth righteousness,\" Proverbs 11:18."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How did our first parents fall from the state in which they were created?", "answer": "By sinning against God, Gen. 3:6, 7."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Were they not sufficiently furnished with every thing necessary, for yielding perfect obedience to the will of God?", "answer": "Yes; for they had perfect knowledge in their understanding, freedom and inclination to good in their will, and spotless holiness in their hearts and affections, Eccl. 7:29 - \"God made man upright.\""}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How then did man's sin and apostasy come about?", "answer": "Though he was a perfect, yet he was but a mutable creature, left to the freedom of his own will, which was subject to change."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "In what did the freedom of man's will, in a state of innocence, consist?", "answer": "In a perfect liberty and \"power to will and to do that which is good and well pleasing to God; but yet mutable, so as that he might fall from it, Eccl. 7:29; Gen. 2:16, 17, and 3:6.\"22"}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Why did not God make man immutable?", "answer": "Because immutability, or unchangeableness of nature, is the essential property of God alone, Mal. 3:6. - \"I am the Lord, I change not;\" James 1:17."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Are not elect angels and saints made immutably good?", "answer": "The elect angels are confirmed in a state of immutable happiness; and the saints, in virtue of union with Christ, are fixed in an unchangeable state of grace here, and glory hereafter; but the unchangeable state of the one and the other, is not owing to any thing in their own natures, but to the free love and favour of God, Eph. 1:10."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What freedom of will has man, since the fall, to any spiritual good?", "answer": "He \"has wholly lost all freedom and ability of will to any spiritual good accompanying salvation,\" so as that he can neither \"convert himself, nor prepare himself thereunto,\" John 6:44, 65.23"}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What freedom of will have they who are regenerated?", "answer": "They are enabled by grace alone, freely to will and to do that which is spiritually good, Rom. 6:18; yet so as that by reason of remaining corruption, they do not perfectly, and only, that which is good, but likewise frequently that which is evil, Rom. 7:15, 19, 21.24"}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "When is the will of man made perfectly and immutably free to that only which is good?", "answer": "In the state of glory only, Eph. 4:13. 1 John 3:2."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What was it for man to be left to the freedom of his own will?", "answer": "It was God's leaving him with a sufficient stock in his hand, without any promise of supernatural aid, or further assistance to improve the stock of grace already received."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "How was he left to abuse the freedom of his will?", "answer": "God did not incline him to abuse it, but only withheld that further grace, which he was no way obliged to give, for preventing his will from yielding to the temptation; and was pleased, according to his wise and holy counsel, to permit this abuse, having purposed to order it to his own glory, Rom. 11:32."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "At whose door then must the fall be laid?", "answer": "Only at man's own door, who willingly yielded to the temptation of the devil, James 1:14."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What was the devil's agency in the fall of man?", "answer": "He entered into a serpent, and therein, by seducing words, enticed the woman to take and eat the forbidden fruit; and she gave to her husband, and he did eat likewise, Gen. 3:5, 6."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "Why did Satan make use of the serpent, as his instrument to seduce the woman?", "answer": "Because \"the serpent was more subtle than any beast of the field,\" Gen. 3:1, and so the most fit tool, of any other, to serve his subtle and murderous designs, John 8:44."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "Why was not Eve afraid to entertain converse with a serpent, lest it might be actuated by some evil spirit?", "answer": "It is supposed, that Adam and Eve knew nothing as yet of the fall of the angels; and sin not having then entered into this lower world, they were not afraid of hurt from any of the good creatures of God."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Why was there no confirmatory clause annexed to the covenant of works, to secure man's standing in the state in which he was created?", "answer": "Because it so pleased God; and, no doubt, infinite wisdom had another scene to open, through the occasion of man's fall, by his breaking the first covenant."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What was that scene?", "answer": "A scene of redeeming love and grace, which will be matter of hallelujahs, or praises, to the Lord God and the Lamb for ever and ever, Rev. 5:8."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "Was then the covenant of works a scaffold erected for carrying on a more glorious fabric?", "answer": "Yes, it was; for God had said, and purposed from eternity, that mercy should be built up for ever, Psalm 89:2."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "What improvement ought we to make of this doctrine of the fall of Adam?", "answer": "To be persuaded that the best of creatures, if left to themselves, cannot be in safety one moment, Psalm 49:12; that since man could not be his own keeper, much less can he be his own saviour, 2 Cor. 3:5; to see how dangerous it is to parley with sin and Satan; and how much we need an interest in the second Adam, to get the loss we sustained by the first repaired with advantage; for he has restored that which he took not away, Psalm 69:4."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "14", "sort_key": 14, "question": "What is sin?", "answer": "Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of, the law of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "In what consisted man's apostasy from God?", "answer": "In sinning against him, Lam. 5:16."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How does it appear that there is such a thing as sin in the world?", "answer": "The God of truth declares, that all have sinned, Rom. 3:23; the broken law cries for vengeance against transgressors, and by it is the knowledge of sin, Gal. 3:10; Rom. 3:20; conscience, God's deputy in every man's bosom, tells him he is guilty, Jer. 14:7; the reign of death, and the groans of the creatures round about us, Rom. 8:22, all bear testimony that there is such a thing as sin in the world."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Can there be any sin, where there is no law?", "answer": "No; \"for where there is no law there is no transgression,\" Rom. 4:15."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Of whose law is sin a transgression?", "answer": "Of the law of God."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What may be understood by the law of God?", "answer": "All the precepts, or commandments, God has given to man as a rule of his obedience."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Where is this law of God to be found?", "answer": "There was a bright and fair copy of it written upon the heart of man in innocence; but that being, in a great measure, lost by the fall, God has written again to us the great things of his law, in the scriptures of truth, Psalm 147:19, 20."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Are all the laws of God mentioned in scripture, of binding force now under the New Testament?", "answer": "No; the ceremonial law, which was a shadow of good things to come, is now abrogated since the coming of Christ in the flesh; and many of the judicial laws, in so far as they had a particular relation to the state of the Jewish nation, are laid aside; but the moral law is perpetually binding on all mankind, in all ages and periods of the world, Psalm 119:160."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Does God require a perfect conformity to this law?", "answer": "Yes; for there is a curse pronounced against every one that continues not in all things written in the book of the law to do them, Gal. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Why is the nature of sin expressed by a want of conformity to the law?", "answer": "To let us know that our very natures, since the fall, are sinful, Isaiah 1:5, 6; that we are now quite destitute of that original righteousness and holiness, which we had at our creation, Gen. 6:5; and that every swerving from the holy law, even in omitting what it commands is sin, as well as in committing what it forbids, Isaiah 43:22."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Why is sin called a transgression of the law?", "answer": "Because the law is the boundary of all our actions; and whenever we sin, we break the boundary and limit that God has set us, and so are exposed to the curse of the law, Eccl. 10:8; Gal. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Does the law of God extend to the first motions of sin in the heart?", "answer": "Yes; for, says the apostle, Rom. 7:7 - \"I had not known lust, except the law had said, 'Thou shalt not covet,'\""}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "How many kinds of sin are there?", "answer": "Two kinds; original and actual."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What do you understand by original sin?", "answer": "The sin of our nature, which is called original sin, because we were \"shapen in iniquity, and conceived in sin,\" Psalm 51:5; and because it was the first sin of man, and is the original and fountain of all actual sin, Matt, 15:19."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What do you understand by actual sin?", "answer": "Every thing that is inconsistent with, and contrary to the law, in thought, word, or deed, 1 John 3:4."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How are actual sins divided?", "answer": "Into sins of omission and commission."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What is a sin of omission?", "answer": "It is a neglecting, or forgetting to do that good which the law commands, James 4:17."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What is a sin of commission?", "answer": "It is a doing of what the law of God forbids, Psalm 51:4."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Is every sin mortal or deadly?", "answer": "Yes; in its own nature, Rom. 6:16, 21, 23 - \"The wages of sin is death.\" See also: 1 Cor. 15:56; Gal. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Are all sins pardonable through grace?", "answer": "There is pardon through the blood of Christ, for all sins, except one, namely, the sin against the Holy Ghost Matt. 12:31, 32; Mark 3:28, 29."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What is the sin against the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "It is a wilful, malicious, and avowed rejection of Christ and salvation through him, by a blaspheming apostate, after manifest conviction of the truth of the gospelreport, and some kind of approbation of it, by the common influence or operation of the Spirit, Heb. 6:4-6; and 10:26, 27; 1 John 5:16; Mark 3:29, 30."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Why is this sin called blasphemy against the Holy Ghost, Matt. 12:31?", "answer": "Because it is an opprobrious25 and reproachful speaking of, and against the testimony of the Holy Ghost, in the word concerning Christ; with a direct intention to disparage his glory, and to disgrace his truth and way; hence called, \"a putting him to an open shame,\" Heb. 6:6."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What is the object of this sin, against which it is directly levelled?", "answer": "It is Christ, and salvation through him, as held out in the gospel revelation; for, it is a \"treading under foot the Son of God, and accounting the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing,\" Heb. 10:29."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What are the acts of this dreadful sin?", "answer": "A wilful rejecting, and obstinate opposing of the truth of the gospel: a spiteful scoffing at Christianity, and the professors of it, joined sometimes with a malicious persecution of them; and all these as fruits and concomitants of a total and final apostasy from the faith."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What are the aggravations of this sin?", "answer": "Its being committed after a person has \"received the knowledge of the truth, and tasted the good word of God, and the powers of the world to come,\" Heb. 6:5."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Why is it said, that \"the blasphemy against the Holy Ghost shall not be forgiven unto men, Matt. 12:31?", "answer": "Not because it is above the virtue of the blood of Jesus to cleanse from it, but because it despises the only sacrifice for sin, and means of pardon; there being \"no other name under heaven, given among men, by which we must be saved,\" but that of Jesus, Acts 4:12, who is contemptuously rejected by it, Heb. 2:2, 3."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "How may a person be assured that he is not guilty of this sin?", "answer": "He may well be assured that this sin is not charged on him, if he is afraid that he is guilty of it; or in the least concerned about his unbelief; or has any desire after salvation through Christ, and is content to be a debtor to the riches of his grace."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What may we learn from the nature of sin in general?", "answer": "That it is exceedingly sinful, the greatest of all evils, Rom. 7:13; and, consequently, that it must be the severest judgment in this world to be given up to it, Ezek. 24:13; and the greatest mercy to be delivered from it, Matt. 1:21."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "15", "sort_key": 15, "question": "What was the sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created?", "answer": "The sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created, was their eating the forbidden fruit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Why is the fruit called forbidden fruit?", "answer": "Because the eating of it was forbidden, under the severest penalty, Gen. 2:17 - \"But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it; for in the day that thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die.\""}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Why did God forbid the eating of this fruit?", "answer": "To try the obedience of our first parents, and to manifest his dominion over them as Lord of all."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Were not our first parents guilty of sin before eating of the forbidden fruit?", "answer": "Yes; they were guilty in hearkening to the devil, and believing him, before they actually eat it."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Why then is their eating of it called their first sin?", "answer": "Because it was the first sin finished, James 1:15, and an express violation of the positive precept, Gen. 3:11."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Where was this first sin committed?", "answer": "In Paradise, where God had placed the man, and created the woman, Gen. 2:8, 22, and 3:6."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Was there any aggravation of this sin, arising from the place where it was committed?", "answer": "Yes; for, in Paradise, our first parents had abundance of other fruit, and of every thing necessary and delightful: and, that place being a type of heaven, should have even put them on their guard against this, and all other sins."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "When did our first parents eat the forbidden fruit?", "answer": "It is certain from Psalm 49:12, that it was done very soon after they were created: \"Man being in honour, abideth not.\""}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Why did the devil make such haste in tempting man to sin?", "answer": "Because he did not know how soon man might be confirmed in a holy and happy state; and, in that case, become impregnable against all his temptations."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "How did Satan lay his train for enticing our first parents to eat the forbidden fruit?", "answer": "He attacked the woman, in the absence of her husband; endeavoured to make her doubt of the truth of God's threatening; presented the object, fruit pleasant to the eye; pretended a greater regard and concern for them, than God himself; and laboured to persuade them, that they should be like God, in the largeness of their knowledge, upon their eating: all which may be gathered from Gen. 3:1-6."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Did the enemy prevail by this stratagem?", "answer": "Yes; \"the woman took of the fruit, and did eat: and gave also to her husband with her, and he did eat,\" Gen. 3:6."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What was the nature of this first sin?", "answer": "However light and trivial it may appear in the carnal eye, to eat of a little fruit; yet, if weighed in God's balance, it will be found to be a most heinous sin, and to incorporate many other sins, against the law of God, Hos. 6:7 - \"They like Adam, (margin,) have transgressed the covenant.\""}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "How does that appear?", "answer": "From our first parents being guilty of manifest unbelief, the highest ingratitude, the most intolerable pride and ambition, unaccountable inadvertency, most unnatural rebellion, and most cruel murder, in their eating the forbidden fruit."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "How is unbelief included in that sin?", "answer": "In their giving more credit to the devil, than to God, respecting the truth of the threatening, Gen. 2:17; 3:4."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "How were they guilty of ingratitude?", "answer": "In contradicting the orders of their bountiful Lord and Creator, who had allowed them the use of all the other trees of the garden besides, Gen. 2:16."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What pride and ambition was there in the first sin?", "answer": "In aspiring to equality with God in his inimitable attributes, particularly in infinite knowledge, Gen. 3:5, 6 - \"Ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil. And the woman saw that the tree was good, - and a tree to be desired to make one wise.\""}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What inadvertency were our first parents guilty of in eating the forbidden fruit?", "answer": "In entering into communication with a creature of any kind, and however much disguised, about violating the express inhibition of their Creator."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How were they guilty of rebellion in the commission of this sin?", "answer": "By entering into a confederacy with Satan against God, and thus virtually choosing him for their god and sovereign, instead of the true God, who made them, and all other creatures besides."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What murder were they guilty of in eating of this fruit?", "answer": "They were guilty of their own death, and the death of all their posterity, Rom. 5:12."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "How was this Sin, of eating the forbidden fruit, aggravated?", "answer": "In being committed when man had full light in his understanding; a clear copy of the law in his heart; when he had no vicious bias in his will, but enjoying perfect liberty; and when he had a sufficient stock of grace in his hand, to withstand the tempting enemy; in being committed after God had made a covenant of life with him, and given him express warning of the danger of eating this fruit."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What may we learn from our first parents being seduced by Satan to eat the forbidden fruit?", "answer": "To resist the first motions of sin in the heart, and the temptations of Satan to it, Psalm 66:18; James 4:7; that since man, in innocence, fell before the temptation, how easy a prey must fallen man be, if not kept by the power of God, through faith, unto salvation! Psalm 39:5, 1 Pet. 1:5; and therefore to be strong only \"in the Lord, and in the power of his might,\" Eph. 6:10."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "16", "sort_key": 16, "question": "Did all mankind fall in Adam's first transgression?", "answer": "The covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself, but for his posterity; all mankind, descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him, in his first transgression.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": ":ow many public persons, representing mankind before God, do we read of in scripture?", "answer": "Of two; the first and the last Adam, 1 Cor. 15:45."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Of what covenant was the first Adam the head?", "answer": "Of the covenant of works, Gen. 2:16, 17."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Of what covenant was the last Adam the head?", "answer": "Of the covenant of grace and promise, Psalm 89:3, 28."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Whom did the first Adam represent in the covenant of works?", "answer": "He represented all mankind, descending from him by ordinary generation, Rom. 5:12, 14."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Whom did the last Adam represent in the covenant of grace?", "answer": "All his spiritual seed given him of the Father, John 17:6."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Is there any similitude between the first and last Adam?", "answer": "Yes; the first Adam was the \"figure of him that was to come,\" Rom. 5:14."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "In what did that figure, or similitude, consist?", "answer": "It consisted chiefly in their being, each of them, a representing head of their respective seed, 1 Cor. 15:22."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "In what consists the dissimilarity, or disparity, between these two public persons?", "answer": "It is infinitely great beyond all conception: the \"first Adam was made a living soul; the last Adam was made a quickening spirit: the first man is of the earth, earthy, a mere man; the second man is the Lord from heaven,\" \"Immanuel, God with us,\" 1 Cor. 15:45, 47; Matt. 1:23. The first Adam, in his best estate, was only a mutable creature; the last Adam, is the unchangeable God, Heb. 13:8."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What relation has the first Adam to all mankind?", "answer": "A twofold relation; that of a covenant head, and of a natural root."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "How does it appear that he was a covenant head; or, that the covenant of works was made with him, not only for himself, but for his posterity?", "answer": "From the imputation of his first sin to his posterity, Rom. 5:12; and the sentence of death passed upon all mankind on that account, ver. 17."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Was it reasonable, that Adam should represent his posterity in the covenant of works?", "answer": "Nothing could be more reasonable, seeing he was to be the common parent of all mankind, and was created perfectly holy, with full power to fulfil the condition of the covenant, and thus to entail happiness upon himself and his posterity."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What happiness would Adam have entailed upon himself and his posterity, if he had stood?", "answer": "Eternal life would have become due to him and them, by pactional debt."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Would not the title of every one of his posterity to life, in that case, have been founded upon their own perfect and personal obedience?", "answer": "No; their title to eternal life would have been founded upon the perfect obedience of their covenant head; and their own personal obedience would have been the fruit of the promise of the covenant."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "How does this appear?", "answer": "Since Adam's disobedience is imputed to his posterity for their condemnation, Rom. 5:18, it necessarily follows, that his obedience would have been imputed to them for their justification and life."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Why is the first Adam called the natural root of his posterity?", "answer": "Because all of them, descending from him by ordinary generation, are as so many branches sprung out of him, as their root and stock."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Did all Adam's natural offspring fall in his first sin?", "answer": "Yes; \"death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned,\" Rom. 5:12."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How could Adam's posterity, being then unborn, fall in his first sin?", "answer": "Because they were considered as IN HIM, 1 Cor. 15:2 2 - \"In Adam all die.\""}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "How were they in him when he first sinned?", "answer": "They were in him virtually, as a natural root; and representatively, as a covenant head."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Why is it said, all mankind, descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him, in his first transgression?", "answer": "That Christ might be excepted, who descended, as to his human body, from Adam; but not by ordinary generation."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What was there extraordinary in the generation of Christ's body?", "answer": "It was conceived in the womb of a virgin, by the power of the Highest overshadowing her, Luke 1:35; on which account she is said to be \"found with child of the Holy Ghost,\" Matt. 1:18."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What was the reason of this extraordinary generation?", "answer": "That the human nature of Christ might not be stained or tainted with original sin which is conveyed from Adam to his posterity, by the way of ordinary generation; hence, what was born of the virgin, is called \"that holy thing,\" Luke 1:35."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Was ever the human nature of Christ represented in the first Adam as a federal head?", "answer": "By no means: Christ's human nature was never in Adam as its representative, but he derived it legally, after Adam ceased to be a public person."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "How did he derive it legally?", "answer": "In virtue of his being considered as one in law with his spiritual seed, whom he represented as their surety, according to his undertaking from eternity, Proverbs 8:23; and therefore behoved to assume the same nature with them, Heb. 2:11, 14."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Was ever any exempted from Adam's first sin, except Christ?", "answer": "No; for all others descended from Adam by ordinary generation, and were represented by him, as their covenant head; and therefore sinned in him, and fell with him in his first transgression, Rom. 5:12; 1 Cor. 15:22."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What may all this teach us?", "answer": "That \"as by one man's disobedience, many were made sinners; so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous,\" Rom. 5:19; and that as we have borne the image of the earthy, we shall also bear the image of the heavenly Adam, 1 Cor. 15:49."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "17", "sort_key": 17, "question": "Into what estate did the fall bring mankind?", "answer": "The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Why is man's apostasy from God called the fall?", "answer": "Because man is not now where God set him at his creation, but is fallen by his iniquity, Hos. 14:1."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Where did God set man at his creation?", "answer": "Upon the high pinnacle of holiness and happiness, Eccl. 7:29."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Where is he now?", "answer": "He is fallen into the depths of sin and misery, called in scripture, a \"horrible pit,\" and \"miry clay,\" Psalm 40:2, and \"the pit wherein is no water,\" Zech. 9:11."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Why is man's state, by the fall, called an estate of sin?", "answer": "Because he is now under the guilt of sin, Rom. 3:19, which has dominion over him, chap. 6:14."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Why is it called an estate of misery?", "answer": "Because, according to the penalty of the law, death and the curse involve him in all manner of misery, Rom. 5:12."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Why is the state of sin put before the state of misery?", "answer": "Because there could be no misery, if there were no sin; sin being the procuring cause of all misery, Rom. 6:23."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "How came man into this state of sin and misery?", "answer": "By the abuse of his free will; hence mankind sinners are called self-destroyers, Hos. 13:9 - \"O Israel thou hast destroyed thyself.\""}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "How does the Spirit of God, in scripture, express man's state of sin and misery, into which he is fallen?", "answer": "By a state of darkness, Eph. 5:8; a state of distance, Eph. 2:13; a state of condemnation and wrath, John 3:18, 36; a state of bondage, or captivity, Isaiah 49:24, 25; and a state of death, both spiritual and legal, Eph. 2:1."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Is man in any capacity to help himself out of this sinful and miserable state?", "answer": "No more than a new-born infant, cast out in the open field, which, of all creatures, is the most helpless, Ezek. 16:4, 5."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Has he a desire and will to be helped out of a state of sin and misery, when help is offered?", "answer": "No; his nature is become \"enmity against God,\" and the way of salvation proposed in the gospel, Rom. 8:7, Psalm 81:11; and therefore rejects the only help of God's appointment, John 5:40."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What may we learn from this?", "answer": "That the whole world being guilty before God, every mouth had been for ever stopped, though he had left all mankind to perish eternally with the fallen angels, with whom they said, a Confederacy, Rom. 3:19; and therefore to admire the infinite love of God, in sending his only begotten Son, to save us from sin, as the only way of being saved from misery, Heb. 2:14, 16."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "18", "sort_key": 18, "question": "Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell?", "answer": "The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam's first sin, the want of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called original sin, together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What do you understand by original sin?", "answer": "The sin we have from our original; that is, when the soul is united to the body, or the human nature completed, Psalm 51:5."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How is original sin usually distinguished?", "answer": "Into original sin imputed, and original sin inherent."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is original sin imputed?", "answer": "The guilt of Adam's first sin."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is original sin inherent?", "answer": "The want of original righteousness and the corruption of the whole nature."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What do you understand by the guilt of sin?", "answer": "An obligation to punishment on account of sin, Rom, 6:23."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "How are all mankind guilty of Adam's first sin?", "answer": "By imputation, Rom. 5:19 - \"By one man's disobedience, many were made sinners.\""}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Upon what account is Adam's first sin imputed to his posterity?", "answer": "On account of the legal union between him and them, he being their legal head and representative, and the covenant made with him, not for himself only, but for his posterity likewise, 1 Cor. 15:22 - \"In Adam all die.\""}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Why was Adam's first sin imputed, and none of his after sins?", "answer": "Bec:use the covenant being broken by his first sin, his federal headship ceased; for being then legally dead, and his posterity in him and with him, he stood afterwards merely as a single person for himself, and no longer in the capacity of their public representative in that covenant of life, which, by that first sin, brought him and them under the sentence of death, Rom. 5:12, 13."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "When Adam ceased to be the federal head, by breaking the covenant of works, did that covenant cease likewise?", "answer": "No; that covenant, though broken, stands binding, so as the obligation to pay the debt of obedience to the precept, and satisfaction now to its penalty, remains upon every one of his posterity, while in a natural state, under the law as a covenant of works, Gal. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "How does it appear from scripture, that all Adam's posterity had his first sin imputed to them?", "answer": "From their being said to be \"made sinners, by one man's disobedience,\" Rom. 5:19; and to have the judgment, or sentence, by one to condemnation, ver. 16; and surely there can be no condemnation, passed by a righteous judge, where there is no crime, Rom. 4:15."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Is it not said, Ezek. 18:20, \"The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father?\"", "answer": "The prophet is there speaking of particular private parents, not of Adam as a federal head; he is speaking of adult children, who were preserved from some grosser violations of the law, of which their parents were guilty, and who did not imitate them; not of the posterity of Adam in general, as exempting them from his first sin, with which the scriptures quoted in answer to the former question, plainly prove them chargeable."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is meant by the want of original righteousness?", "answer": "The want of that rectitude and purity of nature, which Adam had at his creation; consisting in a perfect conformity of all the powers and faculties of his soul to the holy nature of God, and to the law which was written on his heart, Eccl. 7:29."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "How does it appear that all mankind are now destitute of this original righteousness?", "answer": "From the express testimony of God, that among all Adam's race, there is none righteous, no, not one; and that by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight, Rom. 3:10-12, 20."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What follows upon this want of original righteousness?", "answer": "That all mankind are naked before God; and that their fig-leaf coverings will stand them in no stead before his omniscient eye, nor answer the demands of his holy law, Rev. 3:17; Isaiah 64:6."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Does the law of God demand original righteousness from mankind sinners, though they now want it?", "answer": "Yes; their want of it can never derogate from the right of the law to demand it, because God endowed man with this part of his image, at his creation; and his want of it was owing to his own voluntary apostasy from God."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Under what penalty does the law demand this original righteousness?", "answer": "Under the penalty of death and the curse, Rom. 6:23; Gal. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Is there no help for a sinner in this deplorable state?", "answer": "None in heaven or in earth, but in Christ, the last Adam, the Lord our righteousness, Jer. 23:6, on whom our help is completely laid, Psalm 89:19."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Does original sin consist in a mere privation, or want of righteousness?", "answer": "It consists also in the corruption of the whole nature, Titus 1:15; Rom. 3:10- 19."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is meant by the corruption of the whole nature?", "answer": "The universal depravation both of soul and body, in all the faculties of the one, and members of the other, Isaiah 1:5, 6."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "How does this corruption of the whole nature appear?", "answer": "In an utter impotency, and bitter enmity to what is spiritually good, Rom. 8:7, and, in the strongest inclination and bias to what is evil, and to that only and continually, Gen. 6:5."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "How may we be certain that our whole nature is corrupted?", "answer": "From the word of God, and from experience and observation."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "How does the word of God assure us of the universal corruption of our nature?", "answer": "It tells us, that the image after which man was at first made, and the image after which he is now begotten, are quite opposite the one to the other. Adam was at first made \"in the likeness of God,\" but having fallen, he \"begat a son in his own likeness, after his own image,\" Gen. 5:1, 3. The scripture assures us, that none \"can bring a clean thing out of an unclean,\" Job 14:4; that we are shapen in iniquity, and that in sin did our mothers conceive us, Psalm 51:5; that \"that which is born of the flesh is flesh,\" John 3:6; and that we are by \"nature children of wrath,\" Eph. 2:3."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "How may we know the corruption of our nature by the experience and observation of things without us?", "answer": "The flood of miseries which overflow the world; the manifold gross outbreakings of sin in it; and the necessity of human laws, fenced with penalties, are clear outward evidences of the corruption of our nature."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What inward evidences may every one of us experience within ourselves, of the corruption of our nature?", "answer": "Each of us may sadly experience a natural disposition to hearken to the instruction that causes us to err, Proverbs 19:27; a caring for the concerns of the body more than those of the soul, Matt. 16:26; a discontentment with some one thing or other in our lot in the present world, 2 Kings 6:33; an aversion from being debtors to free grace, and an inclination to rest upon something in ourselves as the ground of our hope, Rom. 10:3; every one of which may be an evidence to ourselves, that our nature is wholly corrupted."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "How is the corruption of nature propagated since the fall?", "answer": "By natural generation, Job 15:14 - \"What is man that he should be clean? and he that is born of a woman, that he should be righteous?\""}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "How can this corruption be propagated to the soul, seeing it is created immediately by God, and not generated with the body?", "answer": "As the creating and infusing of the soul are precisely at one and the same time, so the very moment the soul is united to the body, we become children of fallen Adam, not only as our natural, but as our federal head, Rom. 5:19."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What is the consequence of becoming the children of fallen Adam, as our federal head?", "answer": "The consequence is, that, the moment we are so, his first sin is imputed to us, and we thus become legally and spiritually dead, under the curse; not only wanting original righteousness, but having our whole nature corrupted and depraved, 1 Cor. 15:22 - \"In Adam all die.\""}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "Since, then, the soul of every one is a part of that person, which is cursed in Adam, does God, in the creating it, infuse any sin or impurity into it?", "answer": "By no means; but only, as a righteous judge, in creating the soul, he denies or withholds that original righteousness which it once had in Adam; and this he does as a just punishment of Adam's first sin."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What follows upon God's withholding original righteousness from the soul, in its creation?", "answer": "The soul being united to the body, in the moment of its creation, the universal corruption of the whole man follows as naturally upon that union, as darkness follows upon the setting of the sun."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Can it follow, then, from this doctrine, that God is the author of our sin?", "answer": "So far from it, that, on the contrary, it evidently follows, that our state, both of sin and misery, is the bitter fruit of our own voluntary apostasy in the first Adam, as our covenant head, having sinned in him, and fallen with him in his first transgression."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "Does the holiness of the parents prevent the propagation of original corruption to their children?", "answer": "By no means: the saints are holy but in part, and that by grace, not by nature: wherefore, as after the purest grain is sown, we reap corn with the chaff; so the holiest parents beget unholy children, and cannot communicate their grace to them, as they do their nature, Gen. 5:3."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "Has this poison of corruption run through the whole man?", "answer": "Yes; \"The whole head is sick, and the whole heart is faint; from the sole of the foot to the head, there is no soundness in it,\" &c. Isaiah 1:5, 6."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "How is the understanding corrupted?", "answer": "With darkness and blindness, so that we cannot know and receive the things of the Spirit of God, 1 Cor. 2:14."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "How is the will corrupted?", "answer": "With enmity and rebellion against God; with opposition to his law and gospel; with aversion from the chief good; and inclination to all evil, Rom. 8:7."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "How are the affections corrupted?", "answer": "By being displaced and disordered, set upon trifling vanities and sinful pleasures, instead of God the supreme good, Psalm 4:2, 6. Isaiah 55:2."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "How is the conscience corrupted?", "answer": "By not discharging its office faithfully according to the law, in accusing or excusing, but many times calling \"evil good, and good evil,\" &c. Isaiah 5:20."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "How is the memory corrupted?", "answer": "It is like the riddle, or sieve, that lets through the pure grain and keeps the refuse; it retains what is vain and unprofitable, and forgets what is spiritual and truly advantageous, Psalm 106:13, 21."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "How is the body corrupted?", "answer": "All the members of it are become instruments, or weapons of \"unrighteousness unto sin,\" Rom. 6:13."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "Is original sin of its own nature damning?", "answer": "Beyond all doubt it is; because it is in a state of sin and spiritual uncleanness we are born, Psalm 51:5. And \"there shall in no wise enter into the heavenly Jerusalem, any thing that defileth,\" Rev. 21:27. The blood of Christ is necessary to cleanse from it, as well as from actual sin; for Christ is \"the Lamb of God who taketh away the sin of the world,\" both original and actual, John 1:29."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "How may we know the being of original sin, antecedently to the commission of any actual transgression?", "answer": "From the severe troubles and distresses to which infants are liable, and from death passing upon them before they are capable of sinning, after the similitude of Adam's transgression; that is, of committing actual sin, Rom. 5:14."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "What do you understand by actual transgression or sin?", "answer": "Every deviation from the law of God in our actions, whether internal or external."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "How may actual sin be distinguished from original?", "answer": "As the act is distinguished from the habit; or a fault of the person, from a fault of the nature."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "Is omission of what is required an actual sin, as well as the commission of what is forbidden?", "answer": "Yes; because all omissions are either accompanied with some act of the will consenting, directly or indirectly, to it; or they flow from some antecedent act, which is either the cause, occasion, or impediment, of the duty omitted; as excess in eating and drinking is frequently the cause or occasion of omitting the public or private duties of God's worship."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "From whence do all actual transgressions flow?", "answer": "They all proceed from original sin, or the corruption of nature, as impure streams from a corrupt fountain, Eph. 2:3; James 3:11."}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "What may we learn from the doctrine of original sin?", "answer": "That it is no wonder the grave opens its devouring mouth for us, as soon as we come into the world, seeing we are all, in a spiritual sense, dead born, Eph. 2:1; that as every thing acts agreeably to its own nature, so corrupt man acts corruptly, Matt. 7:17, 18; and, consequently, we may learn the necessity of regeneration, and ingraftment in the second Adam, without which it is impossible we can enter into the kingdom of heaven, John 3:3."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "19", "sort_key": 19, "question": "What is the misery of that estate whereinto man fell?", "answer": "All mankind, by their fall, lost communion with God, are under his wrath and curse, and so made liable to all the miseries of this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell forever.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What are the branches of man's misery expressed in this answer, as the effects of the fall?", "answer": "They are these three: the happiness man has lost; the evil he lies presently under; and the future misery and punishment to which he is liable."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Is the loss which man has sustained by the fall, great and grievous?", "answer": "Yes; it is so great, that we have all reason to cry out with the church, \"Wo unto us that we have sinned!\" Lam. 5:16. \"How is the gold become dim! How is the most fine gold changed!\" chap. 4:1."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is that great loss which man has sustained by the fall?", "answer": "He has lost all that good which was promised him in the covenant of works, upon condition of his perfect obedience."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What was the good promised?", "answer": "Life in its fullest latitude and extent; or all the happiness man was capable of, either in this world, or that which is to come."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What was man's chief happiness in that state in which he was created?", "answer": "His chief happiness lay in his enjoyment of fellowship and communion with God."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "In what did that fellowship and communion consist?", "answer": "In :he most agreeable intimacy and familiarity that man had with God, in the uninterrupted enjoyment of his gracious presence."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "How does it appear that man has lost this by the fall?", "answer": "It appears from his being \"without God in the world,\" Eph. 2:12; and \"alienated from the life of God,\" chap. 4:18."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Did this breach of fellowship between God and man immediately follow upon the first sin?", "answer": "Yes; for we find that our first parents immediately essayed to fly from the presence of God, and to hide themselves from him among the trees of the garden, Gen. 3:8."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Upon what footing had man fellowship with God before the fall?", "answer": "Upon a law footing, namely, his continuing in his integrity of nature, and yielding perfect obedience to the holy law."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Is that door of access to God, and fellowship with him, closed and shut against all mankind?", "answer": "Yes; because \"all have sinned and come short of the glory of God,\" Rom. 3:23; the broken law, and its curse, stand as an insuperable bar in our way to God and glory, upon the footing of the first covenant, Gal. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the second branch of man's misery?", "answer": "His being under the wrath and curse of God."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is it to be under the wrath of God?", "answer": "It is to be under his anger, in the sad and dismal effects of it, whether in a more visible, or more secret way, Psalm 11:6, and 50.21."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is it to be under his curse?", "answer": "It is to be under the sentence of his law, denouncing all evil upon the transgressor, Gal. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "How does it appear that man is now under the wrath and curse of God?", "answer": "From those passages of scripture, where God is said to be \"angry with the wicked every day,\" Psalm 7:11; that his \"wrath is revealed from heaven against all unrighteousness and ungodliness of men,\" Rom. 1:18; that \"he who believes not is condemned already, and the wrath of God abideth on him,\" John 3:18, 36."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Is the wrath of an infinite God tolerable by a finite creature?", "answer": "Oh! No; \"Who shall dwell with devouring fire! who shall dwell with everlasting burnings!\" Isaiah 33:14. \"Who knows the power of his anger!\" Psalm 90:11. It makes the whole creation groan, Rom. 8:22; and when it lighted upon the Son of God for our iniquities, it crushed his human body down to the dust of death, and melted his soul like wax in the midst of his bowels, Psalm 22:14, 15."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Can any man hide himself from the presence of an angry God?", "answer": "No; there is no flying from the presence of that God who is every where, Psalm 139:7-13."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What is the third branch of man's misery by the fall?", "answer": "He is liable to all the miseries of this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell for ever."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What are these miseries which man is liable to in this life?", "answer": "They are such as extend both to his soul and body."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What are these soul miseries and maladies that sin has entailed upon us?", "answer": "The precious soul is quite defaced, deformed, and debased, from its original beauty and excellency, being stricken with \"blindness of mind, Eph. 4:18; hardness of heart, Rom. 2:5; a reprobate sense, Rom. 1:28; strong delusions, 2 Thess. 2:11; horror of conscience, Isaiah 33:14; vile affections, Rom. 1:26;\"26 and the thralldom and bondage of Satan, Eph. 2:2."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Is there no medicine against these soul maladies and miseries?", "answer": "Yes; there is \"balm in Gilead, and a Physician there,\" Jer. 8:22; who is \"able to save to the uttermost,\" Heb. 7:25; and who says, \"Look unto me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth,\" Isaiah 45:22."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What are those external miseries we are liable to in this life?", "answer": "They are either more public, such as sword, famine, pestilence, desolation by fire and water, captivity, persecution, and the like, Ezek. 5:17; or more private and personal, such as diseases of all sorts, reproach and calumny, toil and labour, poverty, and crosses of all kinds, Deut. 28:16, 17, &c."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Do not all these external miseries come alike to all, both godly and wicked?", "answer": "Yes, as to the external conduct of providence, Eccl. 9:2; but to the godly they are only fatherly chastisements, and work together for their good, Rom. 8:28; whereas to the wicked, they come in a way of vindictive anger, and are but the beginnings of sorrows, unless the goodness of God do lead them to repentance, Rom. 2:5."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Has sin any other retinue attending it than what has been already mentioned?", "answer": "Yes; for like the pale horse, Rev. 6:8, it has death, and then hell following after."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What death is here intended?", "answer": "A corporeal or bodily death, which lies in the separation of soul and body."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Is sin the cause of death?", "answer": "It is both the cause of death, Rom. 5:12, and the sting of it, 1 Cor. 15:55, 56."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "Is the connexion between sin and death inseparable?", "answer": "Yes; they are inseparable by the appointment of the righteous God, who has said, \"The soul that sinneth, it shall die,\" Ezek. 18:4; and, \"It is appointed unto men once to die,\" Heb. 9:27."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How did this appointment of heaven hold, in the case of Enoch and Elijah?", "answer": "They underwent what was equivalent to death in their translation to heaven; it fared with them as it will with the saints that shall be alive at Christ's second coming, concerning whom it is said, \"We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed,\" 1 Cor. 15:51."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What is the difference between the death of believers and the death of the wicked?", "answer": "To the wicked it comes as standing under a covenant of works, but to believers as standing under a covenant of grace; to the one, in the hand of Christ, saying, \"Death is yours;\" to the other in the hand of Satan, as God's executioner, having the power of death: to the one without, but to the other as armed with a fearful sting: to the one as an everlasting and irreparable loss; to the other as eternal and unspeakable gain: to the one as a conqueror, dragging the sinner to the prison of hell; to the other as a vanquished enemy, paving the way to heaven and glory."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What will be the believer's language when he views death approaching in this light?", "answer": "Faith will cry out, \"O death! where is thy sting?\" 1 Cor. 15:55."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "What will be the language of the wicked when they see death approaching as the king of terrors?", "answer": "It will be like that of Ahab to Elijah, 1 Kings 21:20, - \"Hast thou found me, O mine enemy!\""}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What misery has sin made us liable to after death?", "answer": "To the pains of hell for ever."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What do you understand by hell?", "answer": "A state and place of torment, prepared for the devil and his angels, Matt. 25:41."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "If it was prepared for the devil and his angels, what concern have any of mankind with it?", "answer": "Though it was prepared for the devil and his angels, yet the wicked of the world shall be turned into it also, and all the nations that forget God, Psalm 9:17."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "Why must the wicked and ungodly world be turned into hell, with the devil and his angels?", "answer": "Because they served and obeyed the devil as their god, and were in a confederacy with him against the living and true God, Isaiah 28:15; Eph. 2:2."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "How many fold are the punishments of the damned in hell?", "answer": "Twofold; the punishment of loss, and the punishment of sense."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "What loss shall the damned in hell sustain?", "answer": "They shall lose God, the chief good, Matt. 25:41; they shall lose the vision and fruition of the glorious Immanuel, Matt. 7:23; they shall lose their own souls, Matt. 16:26, and all the pleasures of sin and sense, in which they placed their happiness in this world, Luke 16:25."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "What will be the punishment of sense which the wicked shall suffer in hell?", "answer": "It is represented in scripture by their being shut up in outer darkness, Matt. 8:12; in a lake of fire and brimstone, Rev. 20:10, where the smoke of their torment shall ascend up for ever and ever, Rev. 14:11; which is called the second death, chap. 21:8, the worm that never dies, and the fire that shall never be quenched, Mark 9:44."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "How do you prove, from scripture, that the pains of hell shall be for ever, or everlasting?", "answer": "The wicked are said to be \"cast into everlasting fire,\" Matt. 18:8; to \"go away into everlasting punishment,\" Matt. 25:46; to be \"punished with everlasting destruction,\" 2 Thess. 1:9; to have the \"mist of darkness\" reserved for them for ever, 2 Pet. 2:17; to be \"tormented day and night, for ever and ever,\" Rev. 20:10; and by several other expressions of the like nature."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "Is eternity of punishment essential to the threatening, or penal sanction of the law?", "answer": "No; else there never had been a satisfaction for sin."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "Whence then arises the eternity of punishment?", "answer": "From the nature of the creature, which being finite, can never be capable of enduring the uttermost of infinite wrath; Psalm 90:11 - \"Who knoweth the power of thine anger?\""}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "How can it consist with the justice of God, to inflict eternal punishment for temporal sinning?", "answer": "Because sin, objectively considered, is an infinite evil, as being committed against an infinitely holy God; and therefore nothing can expiate it, but a satisfaction of infinite worth, which mere creatures can never yield, 1 Pet. 1:18, 19."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "What sort of sinners shall undergo the most dreadful degree of punishment in hell?", "answer": "The despisers of Christ and the gospel: it will be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrah, for Tyre and Sidon, who never heard of Christ, than for Chorazin, Bethsaida, and Capernaum, and other cities, nations, and persons, to whom Christ, and his great salvation, have been offered, and yet rejected through unbelief, Matt. 11:21-25; Heb. 2:3."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "What should all this teach us?", "answer": "That however sweet sin be in the mouth, it will be bitter in the belly, even lamentation, mourning, and wo, in the latter end, Ezek. 2:10; it should teach us to fly from the wrath to come, to the horns of the New Testament altar, the satisfaction and intercession of Christ; there being no name by which we can be saved from sin and wrath, except the name of Jesus only, Acts 4:12."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "20", "sort_key": 20, "question": "Did God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery?", "answer": "God having out of his mere good pleasure, from all eternity, elected some to everlasting life, did enter into a covenant of grace, to deliver them out of the estate of sin and misery, and to bring them into an estate of salvation by a Redeemer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What became of the angels that fell, by their sinning against God?", "answer": "God left them without remedy, in that state of sin and misery into which they plunged themselves; and hath \"delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved unto judgment,\" 2 Pet. 2:4."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "When man joined with the devil in a conspiracy against God, did God treat him the same way?", "answer": "No; he had a purpose of grace and love towards some of Adam's race; and therefore, immediately after the fall, declares his fixed intention of assuming the human nature, in the person of the Son, that he might redeem lost man, and bruise the head of the old serpent, that had ruined him, Gen. 3:15."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "When did God's purpose of grace and love, to wards any of Adam's family, commence or begin?", "answer": "It never had a beginning; for he loved them from everlasting, Jer. 31:3; Eph. 1:4."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Can any reason be given why God has elected fallen man, rather than fallen angels, and why he elected some of Adam's race, and not others of them?", "answer": "It is dangerous to search into the reasons of holy and adorable sovereignty; it becomes us to acquiesce in this, that God did it out of his mere good pleasure, Eph. 1:5; Matt. 11:26."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "To what happiness did God ordain his elect from among men?", "answer": "He ordained them to everlasting life, Acts 13:48 - \"As many as were ordained to eternal life, believed.\""}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Did God make choice of any to eternal life, because of their foreseen faith and holiness?", "answer": "No; because faith and holiness are the fruits and effects, and therefore can never be the cause of election, Eph. 1:4-6."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Is Christ the cause of election?", "answer": "No; the free love of God sent Christ to redeem the elect, and therefore he could not be the cause of electing love, John 3:16."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Did not Christ procure God's love to an elect world?", "answer": "No; the Father himself loved them, John 16:27."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "If Christ is not the cause of election, why are the elect said to be chosen in him?", "answer": "Because in one and the same decree of election, the love of God lighted both upon the head, and upon the members, considered as in him, Eph. 1:4."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "By whom is it that God brings any of Adam's race to eternal life?", "answer": "By a Redeemer, Rom. 11:26."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "How are sinners of mankind to be viewed in relation to a Redeemer?", "answer": "As lawful captives, Isaiah 49:24."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is it to redeem the lawful captives?", "answer": "It is to pay down a sufficient ransom to offended justice for their deliverance, and to rescue them by mere force and power out of the hands of Satan, Isaiah 49:25."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What ransom is laid down to offended justice for their deliverance?", "answer": "Nothing less than \"the precious blood of Christ,\" or his obedience unto death, 1 Pet. 1:19."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What right and title has the Redeemer, to take the captives by force out of the hands of Satan?", "answer": "The demands of law and justice being satisfied, he has a lawful right, both by donation and purchase, to rescue his captives out of the hands of Satan by his divine power, John 17:2."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Why did the Redeemer, in dealing with justice, lay down a price; but in dealing with Satan, act by way of power?", "answer": "Because God, being the creditor, had a right to demand a price, but Satan being only the jailer, has no law right to detain the prisoner, after the creditor is satisfied; and yet, refusing to quit hold of his captives, the Redeemer's power must be put forth for their deliverance, Luke 11:22."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Was there a covenant transaction entered into for their deliverance, by price and power?", "answer": "Yes; Psalm 89:3 - \"I have made a covenant with my Chosen.\""}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How is that covenant called?", "answer": "A covenant of grace."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Why called a covenant of grace?", "answer": "Because it is a covenant of eternal life and salvation to sinners, to be given them in a way of free grace and mercy, Jer. 31:33, 34."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Are not heaven and earth both concerned in this covenant?", "answer": "Yes; because it is a covenant of peace between them, Isaiah 54:9, 10."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Who is the party contractor on Heaven's side?", "answer": "It is God himself, the proposer of the covenant, and the offended party, Psalm 89:3."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Whether is it God essentially considered, or as in the person of the Father, that is the party-contractor on Heaven's side?", "answer": "God essentially considered is the party-contractor on Heaven's side, in the person of the Father."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Who is the party-contractor on man's side?", "answer": "It is Christ, the chosen of God, as he is called, Luke 23:35."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "In what does this covenant consist?", "answer": "In the mutual agreement between God and his chosen One."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "When was this covenant made?", "answer": "From all eternity, or before the world began, Titus 1:2."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "\"With whom was the covenant of grace made?\"", "answer": "\"With Christ as the second or last Adam; and in him with all the elect as his seed, Gal. 3:16.\"27"}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "Why is Christ called the last Adam? 1 Cor. 15:45?", "answer": "Because as the first Adam was the federal head of all his natural offspring, in the covenant of works, so Christ is the last Adam, because he was the federal head of his spiritual seed in the covenant of grace; the last covenant that ever will be made about man's eternal happiness."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How was the covenant of grace made with Christ as the second or last Adam?", "answer": "The Father purposed that a remnant of lost mankind should be the members of Christ's body, and gave them to him for that end; and Christ, standing as second Adam, accepted the gift, John 17:6; as also, the Father proposed to him, as the last Adam, the covenant of grace in the full tenor, condition, and promises of it, to which he consented; and thus the covenant of rich grace was concluded between them; Zech. 6:13 - \"The counsel of peace shall be between them both.\""}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "How are we to conceive of the covenant of grace, in respect of order and being?", "answer": "Although the covenant of grace was the second covenant, in respect of order and manifestation to the world, yet it was first in respect of being, because it was actually made with Christ from eternity, Titus 1:2."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "How do you prove from scripture, that there was such a covenant made with Christ?", "answer": "From Isaiah 42:6 - \"I will give thee for a covenant of the people;\" and Heb. 8:6, where Christ is called \"the Mediator of a better covenant;\" and from Heb. 13:20, where we read of \"the blood of the everlasting covenant.\""}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "What was the ancient usage in making of covenants?", "answer": "It was to cut a beast in twain, and to pass between the parts of it, Jer. 34:18."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What does this usage import, as applied to God's making a covenant with his Chosen?", "answer": "It imports, that it was a \"covenant by sacrifice,\" Psalm 50:5."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What was the sacrifice in this covenant?", "answer": "It was Christ himself, the party contractor on man's side, Heb. 9:26."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "What was the sword that cut this sacrifice asunder?", "answer": "It was divine justice, Zech. 13:7."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "How is Christ the party contractor on man's side, to be considered in this covenant?", "answer": "He is to be considered as the head and representative of his spiritual seed, Isaiah 59:21."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "How does it appear that Christ is the head and representative of his spiritual seed in this covenant?", "answer": "From the making of the promises originally to him and from his being the surety of the covenant."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "When were the promises made to him?", "answer": "Before the world began; which, in scripture style, is the same as from eternity, Titus 1:2 - \"In hope of eternal life, which God, that cannot lie, promised before the world began.\" And there was none before the world began, to whom the promise of eternal life could be made personally, but to Christ as the head and representative of his seed."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "How do you prove, from scripture, that Christ was surety for his spiritual seed in this covenant?", "answer": "From Heb. 7:22 - \"By so much was Jesus made a surety of a better testament.\""}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "In what sense was he surety for them?", "answer": "He was their surety in a way of satisfaction for all their debt of obedience and punishment, by taking it wholly on himself, as for persons utterly insolvent."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "How is Christ's being the surety of the covenant, an evidence of its being made with him as the representative of his seed?", "answer": "Because by his being surety for them, he became one with them in the eye of the law: hence is Christ said, not only to be made sin for us, but we are said to be \"made the righteousness of God in him,\" 2 Cor. 5:21."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "Why was the covenant of grace made with Christ as the head and representative of his spiritual seed?", "answer": "That the love of God, and the covenant of grace, might be of the same eternal date; for, as the love of God is an everlasting love, Jer. 31:3, so the covenant of grace is an everlasting covenant, Heb. 13:20."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "Who is the party represented and contracted for in the covenant of grace?", "answer": "The elect of mankind."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "What do you understand by the elect of mankind?", "answer": "A certain number of mankind chosen, from eternity, to everlasting life."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "How does it appear, that the elect were the party represented and contracted for?", "answer": "Because the party with whom the covenant was made is called God's CHOSEN, Psalm 89:3 - \"I have made a covenant with my Chosen;\" that is, with Christ, as contracting for all the chosen, or elect of God."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "Why are the elect called Christ's seed? Psalm 89:4?", "answer": "Because he begets them with the word of truth, James 1:18; and they are born again to him in their regeneration, John 3:3."}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "Why is Christ said to take on him the seed of Abraham, Heb. 2:16, and not rather the seed of Adam?", "answer": "To show that it was the elect only, whom he represented; in as much as the seed of Abraham are but a part of Adam's seed, which includes all mankind."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "How are the elect of God to be considered in this covenant and federal representation?", "answer": "They are to be considered as lost sinners, and as utterly unable to help themselves in whole or in part, Hos. 13:9; and yet withal as given to Christ by the Father, as objects of eternal, sovereign, and free love, John 17:6, 9."}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "How does the freedom of this electing love appear?", "answer": "In pitching upon objects altogether unlovely, Ezek. 16:6."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "How does the sovereignty of it appear?", "answer": "In pitching on some such unlovely objects, and passing by others in the same condition, Rom. 9:21."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "Was it any disparagement to the federal representation of the second Adam, that he represented only some of mankind, whereas the first Adam represented the whole of his race?", "answer": "No; because it was unspeakably more for Christ to undertake and contract for one sinner, than for Adam to contract for a whole righteous world."}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "Is what is called by some divines, the covenant of redemption, a distinct covenant from the covenant of grace?", "answer": "Although Christ alone engaged from eternity to pay the price of our redemption, on which account the covenant is wholly of free grace to us; yet there is no warrant from scripture, to suppose a covenant of redemption distinct from the covenant of grace."}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "How many covenants are there for life and happiness to man in scripture reckoning?", "answer": "They are but two in number: of which the covenant of works is one, and consequently the covenant of grace must be the other."}, {"item_id": "52", "question": "How do you prove from scripture, that there are only two covenants, of which the covenant of works is one?", "answer": "From Gal. 4:24, where it is said - \"These are the two covenants, the one from mount Sinai, which gendereth to bondage.\""}, {"item_id": "53", "question": "How does it appear that the one from Mount Sinai, which gendereth to bondage, is the covenant of works?", "answer": "Because the generating of bond children, excluded from the inheritance, Gal. 4:30, is a distinguishing character of the covenant of works, which cannot agree to the covenant of grace under any dispensation of it."}, {"item_id": "54", "question": "Was then the covenant at Mount Sinai a covenant of works?", "answer": "The covenant of works was only repeated at Mount Sinai, together with the covenant of grace; to show to all Israel, that the clearing of both the principal and penalty of the covenant of works was laid on Christ, as the condition of the covenant of grace."}, {"item_id": "55", "question": "Does the scripture make mention of the blood of any more than one covenant?", "answer": "The scripture makes mention of the blood of the Covenant, in the singular number four several times, namely, Ex. 24:8; Zech. 9:11; Heb. 10:29 and 13:20; but nowhere speaks of the blood of the covenants, in the plural number."}, {"item_id": "56", "question": "What is the native consequence of the scripture's mentioning the blood of the covenant, in the singular number, and not the blood of the covenants in the plural number?", "answer": "The consequence is, that the covenant, the blood of which the scripture mentions, and upon which our salvation depends, is but ONE covenant, and not TWO."}, {"item_id": "57", "question": "What is the received doctrine in our standards upon this head?", "answer": "Our standards make no distinction between a covenant of redemption, and a covenant of grace.28"}, {"item_id": "58", "question": "Is the covenant of grace conditional, or absolutely free?", "answer": "It was strictly conditional to the Surety, Isaiah 49:3, but is absolutely free to the sinner, Jer. 31:33, 34."}, {"item_id": "59", "question": "What is the proper condition of the covenant of grace?", "answer": "It is Christ, as representative and surety, his fulfilling all righteousness, owing to God by his spiritual seed, in virtue of the broken covenant of works, Matt. 3:15."}, {"item_id": "60", "question": "In what consists that righteousness which Christ had to fulfil, as the condition of the covenant of grace?", "answer": "In the holiness of his human nature, perfect conformity to the law in his life, and satisfaction for sin in his death."}, {"item_id": "61", "question": "Why was holiness of nature necessary as a conditionary article of the covenant?", "answer": "Because nothing being so opposite to God as an unholy nature, and yet the elect having their natures wholly corrupted, it was therefore necessary, that Christ, their representative, should have a human nature perfectly pure and holy, fully answering for them the holiness and perfection of nature required by the law, Heb. 7:26."}, {"item_id": "62", "question": "Why was righteousness of life, or perfect conformity to the law, necessary as a conditionary article of the covenant?", "answer": "Because Adam, as a public head, having failed in his obedience, there could be no entering into life for him, or any of his natural seed, without keeping the commandments by the Surety, Matt. 19:17 - \"If thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments.\""}, {"item_id": "63", "question": "Has Christ fulfilled this part of the condition?", "answer": "Yes; for, \"he became obedient unto death,\" Phil. 2:8."}, {"item_id": "64", "question": "Was satisfaction for sin any part of the condition of Adam's covenant?", "answer": "No; holiness of nature, and righteousness of life, were the sole condition of it."}, {"item_id": "65", "question": "How then came satisfaction for sin to be a conditionary article in the new covenant?", "answer": "Because the covenant of works being broken, and the penalty of it incurred, the holiness, justice, and veracity of God insisted, that without shedding of blood, there should be no remission, Heb. 9:22."}, {"item_id": "66", "question": "What was the conditionary article of the covenant relative to satisfaction for sin?", "answer": "That all the sins of an elect world, being summed up as so many branches of the law, or covenant of works, Christ, as a public person, should satisfy publicly and completely for them all, Isaiah 53:5, 6."}, {"item_id": "67", "question": "How was he to make this satisfaction?", "answer": "By suffering, Luke 24:26 - \"Ought not Christ to have suffered these things?\""}, {"item_id": "68", "question": "What was it that he had to suffer?", "answer": "The very same punishment the elect would have undergone, for the breach of the covenant of works; that is, death, in its fullest latitude and extent, Gen. 2:17, compared with 2 Cor. 5:14."}, {"item_id": "69", "question": "What is that death in the fullest latitude and extent which Christ had to endure, in satisfaction for sin?", "answer": "It was both the curse, or sentence, of the broken law, binding him over, as the Surety, to suffer all that avenging wrath which sin deserved; and likewise the actual execution of this sentence upon him to the uttermost, for the full satisfaction of justice, Gal. 3:10; Ezek. 18:4."}, {"item_id": "70", "question": "Has Christ fulfilled this part of the condition?", "answer": "Yes; he was \"made a curse for us,\" Gal. 3:13; \"and hath given himself for us, an offering and a sacrifice to God for a sweet-smelling savour,\" Eph. 5:2."}, {"item_id": "71", "question": "How does it appear, that this righteousness of Christ is the condition of the covenant of grace?", "answer": "Because his fulfilling all righteousness is the only ground of a sinner's right and title to eternal life, Rom. 5:21; and the sole foundation of his plea before God, Phil. 3:8, 9."}, {"item_id": "72", "question": "Why may not faith, or believing, be the condition of the covenant of grace?", "answer": "Because faith is promised in the covenant itself, Zech. 12:10, and therefore cannot be the condition of it."}, {"item_id": "73", "question": "May not faith be the condition, when the scripture says, that Abraham's faith \"was counted unto him for righteousness?\" Rom. 4:3?", "answer": "It was the object upon which Abraham's faith terminated, namely, Christ and his righteousness, and not his faith itself, or his act of believing, that was counted to him for righteousness."}, {"item_id": "74", "question": "What place then has faith in the covenants?", "answer": "It has the place of an instrument and gift; and is necessary, as such, savingly to interest us in Christ,29 John 1:12; and to determine us to acquiesce in his fulfilling the condition of the covenant for us, Isaiah 45:24."}, {"item_id": "75", "question": "What may we learn from the conditionary part of the covenant, as fulfilled by Christ?", "answer": "That the redemption of the soul is precious, being ransomed at no less a sum than the holy birth, righteous life, and satisfactory death of the Son of God, 1 Pet. 1:19; and that the law is so far from being made void through faith, that it is established by it, Rom. 3:31."}, {"item_id": "76", "question": "Seeing in every covenant there is a promise, what are the promises of the covenant of grace?", "answer": "They are such as have either their direct and immediate effect upon Christ himself, as the Head; or such as have their direct and immediate effect on the elect, comprehended with him in the covenant."}, {"item_id": "77", "question": "What are these promises that have their direct and immediate effect on Christ himself, as the head of the covenant?", "answer": "The promise of assistance in his work, Psalm 89:21; of the acceptance of it, Isaiah 42:21; and of a glorious reward to be conferred upon him, as the proper merit of his work done, Isaiah 52:13."}, {"item_id": "78", "question": "What are those promises that have their direct and immediate effect upon the elect?", "answer": "They are all the promises pertaining to life and godliness; the promises of grace and glory, and of every good thing; which may all be comprehended in this one, to wit, the promise of eternal life, mentioned, Titus 1:2 - \"In hope of eternal life, which God that cannot lie, hath promised before the world began;\" and 1 John 2:25 - \"This is the promise that he hath promised us, even eternal life.\""}, {"item_id": "79", "question": "What is meant by the promise of eternal life?", "answer": "It comprehends in it all true happiness, and its everlasting continuance."}, {"item_id": "80", "question": "How is it evident, that all true and eternal happiness is comprehended in the meaning of the promise of eternal life?", "answer": "In as much as the death threatened in the covenant of works, included all misery in this world, and the world to come: so the life promised in the covenant of grace must needs comprehend all happiness in time and eternity, with all the means by which it is effected, Rom. 6:23."}, {"item_id": "81", "question": "To whom was this promise of eternal life made?", "answer": "To Christ primarily, and to the elect secondarily in and through him: as is evident from Titus 1:2, compared with 1 John 2:25."}, {"item_id": "82", "question": "To whom are the promises of the covenant endorsed or directed?", "answer": "To all who hear the gospel, with their seed, Acts 2:39 - \"The promise is to you, and to your children.\""}, {"item_id": "83", "question": "What right to the promises have all the hearers of the gospel, by this general endorsement of them?", "answer": "A right of access to the promises, and all the good that is in them, so as to be rendered inexcusable if they believe not, John 3:18."}, {"item_id": "84", "question": "What right does faith, or believing, give to the promises?", "answer": "A r:ght of possession, in virtue of union with Christ, in whom all the promises are yea, and amen; John 3:36 - \"He that believeth - HATH everlasting life.\""}, {"item_id": "85", "question": "What may we learn from the promissory part of the covenant?", "answer": "That all the benefits of it are the free gifts of grace, running in the channel of the obedience and death of Christ; and are in him perfectly sure to the elect seed, Isaiah 55:3."}, {"item_id": "86", "question": "Was there any penalty in the covenant of grace, as there was in the covenant of works?", "answer": "Although there was a penalty in the covenant of works, because Adam, with whom it was made was a fallible creature; yet there could be none in the covenant of grace, because Christ, the party contracting on man's side, was absolutely infallible, and could not fail, Isaiah 42:4."}, {"item_id": "87", "question": "Are not the elect, the party contracted for, fallible, even after they are brought to believe?", "answer": "It is certain, that believers are fallible, in respect of their actions, as long as they are in this world, Eccl. 7:20, but not in respect of their state, Job 17:9; they can no more fail from their state of grace, than the saints in heaven can, John 13:1."}, {"item_id": "88", "question": "Can fatherly chastisements be called a penalty in the covenant of grace, with respect to believers?", "answer": "No; because they are not vindictive, but medicinal, and really belong to the promissory part of the covenant, as is evident from Psalm 89:30-35; Isaiah 27:9; Heb. 12:6, 7."}, {"item_id": "89", "question": "What security have believers against any proper penalty in this covenant?", "answer": "They have the security of Christ's performing the condition of it for them; and his doing so legally sustained in their favour, 2 Cor. 5:21."}, {"item_id": "90", "question": "On whom is the administration of the covenant of grace devolved?", "answer": "On Christ the second Adam, alone, and that, as a reward of his work, Isaiah 49:8."}, {"item_id": "91", "question": "What do you understand by the administration of the covenant?", "answer": "The entire management of it, by which it may be rendered effectual to the end for which it was made, Psalm 89:28."}, {"item_id": "92", "question": "Who are the objects of this administration?", "answer": "Sinners of mankind indefinitely, or any of the family of Adam, without exception, John 3:14, 15."}, {"item_id": "93", "question": "How does he administer the covenant to sinners of mankind indefinitely?", "answer": "In the general offer of the gospel, which is \"good tidings to ALL PEOPLE,\" Luke 2:10; in which all, without exception, are declared welcome, Proverbs 8:4; Mark 16:15."}, {"item_id": "94", "question": "What is the foundation of the unlimited administration of the covenant, in the gospel offer?", "answer": "It is not rounded on election, but on the intrinsic sufficiency of Christ's obedience and death for the salvation of all, John 1:29."}, {"item_id": "95", "question": "For what end does he thus administer the covenant to sinners of mankind?", "answer": "To deliver them out of the estate of sin and misery, and to bring them into an estate of salvation, Gal. 3:21, 22."}, {"item_id": "96", "question": "How does he bring them into a state of salvation?", "answer": "By bringing them personally and savingly into the \"bond of the covenant,\" Ezek. 20:37, in the day of his power; when \"one shall say, I am the Lord's - and another subscribe with his hand unto the Lord,\" Isaiah 44:5."}, {"item_id": "97", "question": "How long will he continue to be the administrator of the covenant?", "answer": "As he dispenses all the blessings of the covenant here, John 3:35, so he will complete the happiness of the saints, in the other world, by a perfect accomplishment of all its promises to them, Eph. 5:27."}, {"item_id": "98", "question": "How does it appear that he will be the administrator of the covenant through eternity?", "answer": "Because he is to remain the eternal bond of union, Heb. 7:25, and medium of communication, between God and the saints for ever, Rev. 7:17."}, {"item_id": "99", "question": "What is the first and fundamental act of his administration?", "answer": "It is his disposing the all things, which he has in his hand, as the appointed trustee of the covenant, to poor sinners, by way of a TESTAMENT, Luke 22:29 - \"I appoint (or dispose) unto you a kingdom, as my Father hath appointed unto me.\""}, {"item_id": "100", "question": "What is the difference between a federal and a testamentary30 disposition?", "answer": "A federal disposition is made upon a weighty cause, or proper condition; but a testamentary disposition is a deed, or conveyance, of grace and bounty, without all conditions, properly so called."}, {"item_id": "101", "question": "How is this applied to the Father's disposition and to Christ's?", "answer": "The Father's federal disposition of all covenant-benefits to Christ, was on condition of his making \"his soul an offering for sin,\" Isaiah 53:10; but Christ's testamentary disposition to sinners, who have nothing, is \"without money and without price,\" chap. 55:1."}, {"item_id": "102", "question": "Is Christ's testament of the same date with the covenant that was made with him?", "answer": "The covenant of grace was made with him from eternity; but it is obvious, that his commencing testator of this covenant, being an act of his administration of it, could not take place till the covenant of works was broken."}, {"item_id": "103", "question": "At what time, then, did he make his testaments?", "answer": "The very day in which Adam fell - in the first promise, Gen. 3:15."}, {"item_id": "104", "question": "How could his testament be of force, (according to Heb. 9:17,) so long before his actual death?", "answer": "He died typically, in all the sacrifices of the Old Testament; hence he is called, \"The Lamb slain from the foundation of the world,\" Rev. 13:8."}, {"item_id": "105", "question": "Who are the legatees,31 or parties in whose favour the testament was made?", "answer": "Since Christ is authorised by the Father, to administer the covenant to mankind sinners indefinitely, John 6:37, none of these can be excepted out of his testament, as to the external revelation and exhibition of it, any more than they are out of his administration, Rev. 22:17."}, {"item_id": "106", "question": "Who is the executor of his testament?", "answer": "Although in testaments among men, the testator and executor are always different persons, because the testator dying, cannot live again to see his will executed; yet here the testator, who was dead, is alive for evermore, as the executor of his own testament, by his Spirit, Rev. 1:18; Rom. 4:25."}, {"item_id": "107", "question": "What are the legacies left in his testament?", "answer": "They are all the benefits of the covenant, even HIMSELF, and ALL THINGS in and with him, Rom. 8:32; Rev 21:7."}, {"item_id": "108", "question": "By what means is it that sinners are possessed of these rich legacies?", "answer": "By faith, or believing on the Lord Jesus Christ, Acts 16:31."}, {"item_id": "109", "question": "Why is believing on Christ the appointed means of instating sinners in the covenant and legacies thereof?", "answer": "Because the grace of the covenant is thus preserved entire, \"to the end the promise might be sure to all the seed,\" Rom. 4:16."}, {"item_id": "110", "question": "How may persons know, if they are savingly and personally within the covenant of grace?", "answer": "If they have found themselves unable to dwell any longer within the boundaries of the covenant of works, and \"have fled for refuge,\" from that covenant, \"to lay hold upon the hope set before them,\" Heb. 6:18."}, {"item_id": "111", "question": "In what respects do the covenants of works and of grace DIFFER from one another?", "answer": "They differ in their nature, parties, contractors, properties, conditions, promises, the order of obedience, in their end and design, the manner of their administration, and in their effects."}, {"item_id": "112", "question": "How do these two covenants of works and grace differ in their nature?", "answer": "The covenant of works was a covenant of friendship, and supposed the parties to be in a perfect amity; but the covenant of grace is a covenant of reconciliation, and supposes man to be at variance with God, and enmity against him, 2 Cor. 5:19."}, {"item_id": "113", "question": "How do they differ as to the parties contractors?", "answer": "In the covenant of works, the parties contractors were, God and innocent Adam, representing all his natural seed; but in the covenant of grace, the parties are, God, and CHRIST the second Adam, representing all his spiritual seed, Psalm 89:3, 4."}, {"item_id": "114", "question": "How do they differ in their properties?", "answer": "The covenant of works, as standing with the first Adam, was but short-lived; but the covenant of grace, which stands fast with the second Adam, is an everlasting covenant, Heb. 13:20; the covenant of works denounced nothing but wrath and curse upon the transgressor; but the covenant of grace is full of blessings to the sinner, in Christ, Eph. 1:3."}, {"item_id": "115", "question": "How do they differ in their conditions?", "answer": "The condition of the covenant of works was only the perfect obedience of a mere man, bearing no proportion to the life promised; but the condition of the covenant of grace is the perfect righteousness of God-man, which is the promised reward, Jer. 23:6."}, {"item_id": "116", "question": "How do they differ in their promises?", "answer": "The promises of the covenant of works were strictly conditional; but the promises of the covenant of grace, as respecting us, are absolutely free, Jer. 31:33, 34."}, {"item_id": "117", "question": "In what respect do they differ in the order of obedience?", "answer": "In the covenant of works, duty, or obedience, was the foundation of privilege; acceptance first began at the work, and then went on to the person, if the work was perfectly right; but, in the covenant of grace, this order is quite inverted; for in it privilege is the foundation of duty; and acceptance first begins at the person, and then goes on to the work, because flowing from a principle of faith: Gen. 4:4, compared with Heb. 11:4."}, {"item_id": "118", "question": "How do they differ in their end and design?", "answer": "The end of the covenant of works was to show man what he was to do towards God; but the end of the covenant of grace, is to show man what God is to do for him, and in him, Isaiah 26:12."}, {"item_id": "119", "question": "How do they differ in the manner of their administration?", "answer": "The covenant of works was dispensed by God, absolutely considered; but the covenant of grace is dispensed by a Mediator, who is himself the ALL of the covenant, Isaiah 42:6."}, {"item_id": "120", "question": "How do these two covenants differ in their effects?", "answer": "The covenant of works wounds and terrifies a guilty sinner; but the covenant of grace heals and comforts a wounded soul, Isaiah 42:3; the covenant of works shuts up to hell and wrath; but the covenant of grace casts open a door of escape, John 10:9 and 14:6."}, {"item_id": "121", "question": "What may we learn from this whole doctrine of the covenant of grace?", "answer": "That it is our duty to believe that JESUS CHRIST is the Saviour of the world, and our Saviour in particular, by his Father's appointment, and his own offer; and that by the same appointment and offer, his righteousness, which is the condition of the covenant, and eternal life, which is the promise of it, are OURS in respect of right to it, so as that we may lawfully and warrantably take possession of the same, and use them as our own, to all the intents and purposes of salvation: John 4:42 - \"We know that this is indeed the Christ, the Saviour of the world;\" Luke 1:47 - \"My spirit hath rejoiced in GOD, MY SAVIOUR.\""}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "21", "sort_key": 21, "question": "Who is the Redeemer of God's elect?", "answer": "The only Redeemer of God's elect, is the Lord Jesus Christ, who, being the eternal Son of God, became man, and so was, and continues to be God and man, in two distinct natures, and one person, for ever.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the greatest wonder the world has ever beheld?", "answer": "The incarnation of the Son of God, John 1:14; Jer. 31:22."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What makes this the greatest wonder?", "answer": "Because by it two natures, infinitely distant, are united in one person; hence called \"a great mystery,\" 1 Tim. 3:16."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Was this great event foretold before it came to pass?", "answer": "Yes: God spake of it \"by the mouth of his holy prophets, which have been since the world began,\" Luke 1:70."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "By what names did they speak of his coming?", "answer": "By a variety of names, such as Shiloh, Gen. 49:10; Messiah, Dan. 9:25; Immanuel, Isaiah 7:14; the Branch, Zech. 6:12; the Messenger of the covenant, Mal. 3:1; and several others."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Is he now actually come into the world?", "answer": "Yes, long since: and \"it is a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus came into the world,\" 1 Tim. 1:15, \"not to condemn the world, but that the world through him might be saved,\" John 3:17."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "How do you prove, that our Lord Jesus Christ is the true promised Messiah?", "answer": "By this one argument: that \"all things which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the Psalms,\" concerning the Messiah, are literally fulfilled in Jesus of Nazareth, Luke 24:44."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "How does this appear?", "answer": "By comparing every prophecy and promise concerning him in the Old Testament, with the exact accomplishment of it in the New, Acts 3:18."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What silencing questions may be put to the Jews, who assert that the Messiah is not yet come in the flesh?", "answer": "They may be asked, Where is the sceptre of civil government, which was not to depart from Judah until Shiloh came, according to Gen. 49:10? Where is the second temple, into which the Messiah was to come, and to make the glory of it greater than the glory of the former, by his personal appearance in it, according to Hag. 2:9? Where is the sacrifice and oblation now offered? has it not long since ceased, according to Dan. 9:27? And where is the family of David, out of which Christ was to spring, according to Isaiah 11:1? is it not now quite extinct? They are utterly incapable of answering any of these."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What does the title of a Redeemer suppose with reference to the redeemed?", "answer": "Bondage and captivity to sin, Satan, the world, death, and hell, through the breach of the first covenant; hence called lawful captives, Isaiah 49:24."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Are all mankind, the elect of God as well as others, by nature under this bondage and captivity?", "answer": "Yes; as is evident from Eph. 2:1-3."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Why is Christ called the only Redeemer of God's elect?", "answer": "Because there was none capable of the vast undertaking but himself, Isaiah 53:5."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "How does Christ redeem the elect from their spiritual bondage and captivity?", "answer": "By price and power; or by ransom, 1 Pet. 1:19, and conquest, Isaiah 49:25."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What ransom or price did he lay down?", "answer": "His own life, Matt. 20:28 - \"The Son of man came, to give his life a ransom for many.\""}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "How does Christ redeem by power or conquest?", "answer": "When, by his word and Spirit, he breaks the bonds of the captives, and says \"to the prisoners, Go forth; and to them that sit in darkness, Show yourselves,\" Isaiah 49:9; and thus spoils principalities and powers, Col. 2:15."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Why is the Redeemer called Lord?", "answer": "Because, as God, he \"whose name alone is JEHOVAH, is most high over all the earth,\" Psalm 83:18; and, as Mediator, \"all power in heaven and earth is given unto him,\" Matt. 28:18."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Why is he called Jesus?", "answer": "Because he saves his people from their sins, Matt. 1:21."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Why is he called Christ?", "answer": "Christ in the Greek, and Messiah in the Hebrew language, signify one and the same thing, John 1:41, to wit, the Anointed, Acts 10:38; which implies his designation to, and his being fully qualified for his mediatory office."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Upon what is Christ's sufficiency for the great work of our redemption founded?", "answer": "Upon the infinite dignity of his person, as being the eternal Son of God, 1 John 5:20."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Is Christ the Son of God by nature, or only by office?", "answer": "Christ is the eternal Son of God by nature; his Sonship is equally natural and necessary with the Paternity of the Father, Matt. 28:19; 2 John ver. 3."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What would be the danger of asserting, that Christ is called the Son of God only with respect to his mediatory office?", "answer": "This would make his personality depend upon the divine will and good pleasure, as it is certain his mediatory office did, John 3:16; and, consequently, he would not be the self-existent God."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Might not the Sonship of Christ be the result of the divine will, though his personality is not?", "answer": "No; because his Sonship is his proper personality, and therefore to make his Sonship the result of the divine will, is to overturn the personal properties of the Father and Son, and, consequently, to deny both, 1 John 2:23."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "How do you prove, from scripture, that Christ's Sonship is distinguished from his office?", "answer": "From John 7:29; where Christ, speaking of his Father, says, \"I know him, for I am FROM him, and he hath SENT me.\" Where it is evident, that his being FROM the Father, as to his eternal generation, is distinguished from his being SENT by him, as to his office."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What did this glorious person, the eternal Son of God, become, that he might be our Redeemer?", "answer": "He became Man, John 1:14; Gal. 4:4."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "When he became man did he cease to be God?", "answer": "No; but he became Immanuel, God-man, Matt. 1:23."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What is the import of the name Immanuel?", "answer": "It imports, that God is in our nature; and that a God in our nature is not against us, but a God with us, and for us, to save us from the hands of all our enemies, Luke 1:71."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What moved God to become man, in the person of the Son?", "answer": "Nothing but matchless and undeserved grace and love, 1 John 4:10."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How many natures has Christ?", "answer": "Two: namely, the nature of God, and the nature of man, 1 Tim. 3:16."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "Why are they called two distinct natures?", "answer": "In opposition to the error of the Eutychians of old, who maintained, that the two natures were mixed or blended together, so as to make but one nature."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "Why is he said to have but one person?", "answer": "In opposition to the error of the Nestorians, who maintained, that each nature was a person; or, that he had two persons."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "How does it appear, that the two natures of God and man are united in the person of the Son?", "answer": "From Isaiah 9:6 - \"Unto us a child is born - and his name shall be called - The mighty God.\" It neither being possible nor true, that he who is the child born, could be the mighty God, except by union of the divine and human natures in one person, Rom. 9:5; 1 Tim. 3:16."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "Will ever the union between the two natures be dissolved?", "answer": "By no means: for he is, and will continue to be our Kinsman, Priest, and Representative, in both natures for ever, Heb. 7:24, 25."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "Does not each nature, notwithstanding of this union, still retain its own essential properties?", "answer": "Yes; the divine nature is not made finite, subject to suffering or change; nor is the human nature rendered omniscient, omnipresent and omnipotent, as the Lutherans, contrary to scripture and reason, affirm."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "Are not the acts and works of either of the two natures, to be ascribed to the person of Christ?", "answer": "Yes; because all he did and suffered, or continues to do, as Mediator, must be considered as personal acts, and from thence they derive their value and efficacy, Acts 20:28."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "Why is the union of the two natures called a hypostatical or personal union?", "answer": "Because the human nature is united to, and subsists in the person of the Son of God, Luke 1:35."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What is the difference between the hypostatical union, and the union that takes place among the persons of the adorable Trinity?", "answer": "The union that takes place among the persons of the adorable Trinity, is a union of three persons in one and the same numerical nature and essence; but the hypostatical is a union of two natures in one person."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "What is the difference between the hypostatical union, and the union that takes place between the soul and body?", "answer": "Dea:h dissolves the union that is between the soul and the body; but though the soul was separated from the body of Christ, when it was in the grave, yet both soul and body were, even then, united to the person of the Son as much as ever."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "What is the difference between the hypostatical union, and the mystical union that is between Christ and believers?", "answer": "Both natures in the hypostatical union are still but one person; whereas, though believers are said to be in Christ, and Christ in them, yet they are not one person with him."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "Why was it requisite that our Redeemer should be man?", "answer": "That being our kinsman and blood relation, the right of redemption might devolve upon him; and that he might be capable of obeying and suffering in our nature, Heb. 2:14.32"}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "Why was it requisite that our Mediator should be God?", "answer": "That his obedience and sufferings in our nature and room, might be of infinite value for our redemption, Acts 20:28; and that the human nature might be supported under the infinite load of divine wrath; which he had to bear for our sins, Rom. 1:4.33"}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "\"Why was it requisite that the Mediator should be God and man in one person?\"", "answer": "\"That the proper works of each nature might be accepted of God for us, and relied on by us, as the works of the whole person, Heb. 9:14; 1 Pet. 2:6.\"33"}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "What may we learn from the indissoluble union of the two natures in the person of Christ?", "answer": "That this union shall be an everlasting security for the perpetuity of the union between Christ and believers: that the one shall never be dissolved more than the other; for he has said, \"Because I live ye shall live also,\" John 14:19."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "22", "sort_key": 22, "question": "How did Christ, being the Son of God, become man?", "answer": "Christ, the Son of God, became man, by taking to himself a true body and a reasonable soul, being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost, in the womb of the virgin Mary, and born of her, yet without sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Did Christ assume the person of a man?", "answer": "No; he assumed the human nature, but not a human person, Heb. 2:16."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Had ever the human nature of Christ a distinct personality of its own?", "answer": "No; it never subsisted one moment by itself, Luke 1:35."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the reason that the human nature of Christ never subsisted by itself?", "answer": "Because it was formed and assumed at once; for the moment the soul was united to the body, both soul and body subsisted in the person of the Son of God."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "How came the human nature to subsist in the person of the Son?", "answer": "The whole Trinity adapted and fitted the human nature to him; but the assumption of it, into a personal subsistence with himself, was the peculiar act of the Son, Heb. 2:14, 16."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Since the human nature of Christ has no personality of its own, is it not more imperfect than in other men, when all other men are human persons?", "answer": "The human nature of Christ is so far from being imperfect, by the want of a personality of its own, that it is unspeakably more perfect and excellent than in all other men, because to subsist in God, or in a divine person, is incomparably more noble and excellent than to subsist by itself."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "In what lies the matchless and peculiar dignity of the human nature of Christ?", "answer": "That it subsists in the second person of the Godhead, by a personal and indissoluble union."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the difference between the human nature and a human person?", "answer": "A human person subsists by itself; but the human nature subsists in a person."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "When Christ became man, did he become another person than he was before?", "answer": "No; there was no change in his person; for he assumed our nature with his former personality, which he had from eternity."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the reason that the assumption of the human nature made no change in the divine person of the Son?", "answer": "Because the human nature was assumed by Christ without a human personality."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Whether is it more proper to say, that the human nature subsists in the divine nature, or in the divine person of Christ?", "answer": "It is more proper to say, that it subsists in the divine person of Christ, because the natures are DISTINCT, but the person is ONE; and it was the divine nature only, as it terminates in the second person, which assumed the human nature into personal union."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Can we not say, consistently with truth, that the man Christ Jesus is God?", "answer": "We assuredly may; because in this case, we speak of the person, which includes the human nature."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "But can we say, in consistency with truth, that Christ Jesus, as man, is God?", "answer": "No; because in this case, we speak only of the human nature, which does not include his divine person."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the human nature, or in what does it consist?", "answer": "It consists in a true body and a reasonable soul, of which the first Adam, and every man and woman descending from him, are possessed."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Had our Redeemer always a true body and a reasonable soul, subsisting in his divine person?", "answer": "No; until he came in the fulness of time, and then took to himself a true body and a reasonable soul."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How do you prove that he took this human nature to himself?", "answer": "From Heb. 2:14, 16 - \"Verily he took not on him the nature of angels; but he took on him the seed of Abraham.\""}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Why is Christ said to take to himself a true body?", "answer": "To show that he had real flesh and bones, as we have, Luke 24:39; and that it was not, as some ancient heretics alleged, only the mere shape and appearance of a human body."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How does it appear that he had a true and real body, as other men have?", "answer": "He is called Man, and the Son of man, Psalm 80:17; he was conceived and born, Matt. 1:20, 25; he was subject to hunger, thirst, and weariness, like other men; he was crucified, dead, buried, and rose again: none of which could be affirmed of him, if he had not had a true body."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Had not he a reasonable soul, as well as a true body?", "answer": "Yes; otherwise he had wanted the principal constituent part of the human nature: accordingly, we read, that his \"soul was exceeding sorrowful, even unto death,\" Matt. 26:38."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Why was not the human body created immediately out of nothing, or out of the dust of the earth, as Adam's body was?", "answer": "Because, in that case, though he would have had a true body, yet it would not have been akin to us, bone of our bone, and flesh of our flesh."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Did Christ bring his human nature from heaven with him?", "answer": "No; for he was the \"seed of the woman,\" Gen. 3:15."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "How then is it said, 1 Cor. 15:47 - \"The first man is of the earth, earthy; the second man, is the Lord from heaven?\"", "answer": "The plain meaning is, the first man had his original from the earth; but the second man, as to his divine nature, is the eternal, independent, and sovereign Lord of heaven and earth, equally with the Father; and as to his human nature, there was a more glorious concurrence of the adorable Trinity, in the formation of it, than in making of the first Adam."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What was the peculiar agency of each person of the adorable Trinity in this wonderful work?", "answer": "The Father prepares a body, or human nature for him, Heb. 10:5; the Holy Ghost forms it, by his overshadowing power, out of the substance of the virgin, Luke 1:35; and the Son assumes the entire human nature to himself, Heb. 2:14, 16."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Why was Christ born of a virgin?", "answer": "That the human nature might be found again in its primitive purity, and presented to God as spotless as it was at its creation, free from the contagion of original sin, which is conveyed to all Adam's posterity by natural generation."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Was it necessary that Christ should be conceived and born without sin?", "answer": "It was absolutely necessary; both because the human nature was to subsist in union with the person of the Son of God, and likewise because it was to be a sacrifice for sin, and therefore behoved to be without blemish, Heb. 7:26."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What benefit or advantage accrues to us by the spotless holiness of the human nature of Christ?", "answer": "The:spotless holiness of his human nature is imputed to us as a part of his righteousness, 1 Cor. 1:30; and it is a sure earnest of our perfect sanctification at last, Col. 2:9, 10."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "Was not the virgin Mary, the mother of our Lord, a sinner as well as others?", "answer": "Yes; for she descended from Adam by ordinary generation; Christ rebuked her for going beyond her sphere, John 2:4; and she needed a Saviour as much as others; and believed in him for salvation from sin, Luke 1:47."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What necessarily follows upon the union of the two natures?", "answer": "A communication of the properties of each nature to the whole person."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "How does the scripture apply this communication of properties to his person?", "answer": "By ascribing that to his person, which properly belongs to one of his natures."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "How is this illustrated in scripture?", "answer": "It is illustrated thus: though it was only the human nature that suffered, yet God is said to purchase his church with his own blood, Acts 20:28; and though it was only the human nature that ascended to heaven, yet, by reason of the personal union, God is said to go up with a shout, Psalm 47:5."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Can an imaginary idea of Christ, as man, be any way helpful to the faith of his being God-man?", "answer": "So far is it from being any way helpful, that it is every way hurtful; because it diverts the mind from the object of faith to an object of sense; by means of which we cannot believe any truth whatever, divine or human; all faith being founded solely and entirely upon a testimony."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "How then is the person of Christ, God-man, to be conceived of?", "answer": "It can be conceived of no other way, than by faith and spiritual understanding; or, by \"the Spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him,\" Eph. 1:17."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What improvement ought we to make of Christ's incarnation?", "answer": "To claim him as our own, in virtue of his wearing our nature, saying, \"Unto us a Child is born, unto us a Son is given,\" Isaiah 9:6; or, which is the same thing, to follow the practice of Ruth, in lying down at the feet of our blessed Boaz, saying, \"Spread thy skirt over me;\" that is, take me, a poor bankrupt sinner, into a marriage relation with thee, \"for thou art my near kinsman,\" Ruth 3:9."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "23", "sort_key": 23, "question": "What offices does Christ execute as our Redeemer?", "answer": "Christ, as our Redeemer, executes the offices of a prophet, of a priest, and of a king, both in his estate of humiliation and exaltation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the general office of Christ, which respects the whole of his undertaking, and runs through the whole of the covenant made with him?", "answer": "It is his being the only Mediator between God and man, 1 Tim. 2:5 - \"There is one God, and one Mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.\""}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What does the office of a Mediator between God and men suppose?", "answer": "It supposes a breach between them, occasioned by sin on man's part, Isaiah 59:2."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Could a mere verbal intercession make up this breach?", "answer": "By no means; nothing less than a full reparation for all the damages which sin had done to the honour of God, and his law, could do it away, Isaiah 53:10."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Was none but Christ fit for being Mediator in this respect?", "answer": "None else: because there was no other who stood related to the two families of heaven and earth, which were at variance, in such a manner as he did."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How did he stand related to these two families?", "answer": "By being, from eternity, God equal with the Father, he stood naturally and essentially related to heaven, John 10:30; and by consenting to become man, he stood voluntarily and freely related to earth, Phil. 2:6, 7."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What are the branches of Christ's mediatory office; or the particular offices included in it?", "answer": "They are three; namely, his office of a prophet, Deut. 18:15; of a priest, Psalm 110:4; and of a king, Psalm 2:6."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Have each of these offices the same relation to the covenant of which he is the Mediator?", "answer": "His priestly office, as to the sacrificing part of it, respecting the condition of the covenant, belongs to the MAKING of it; but his prophetical and kingly offices, with the intercessory part of his priestly office, respecting the promises of the covenant, belong to the ADMINISTRATION of it."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What respect have these offices to our misery by sin?", "answer": "The prophetical office respects our ignorance; the priestly office our guilt; and the kingly office our pollution or defilement."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is Christ made of God to us, in virtue of these offices, for the removal of these miseries?", "answer": "As a Prophet, he is made of God to us wisdom; as a Priest, righteousness; and as a King, sanctification; and as vested with ALL these offices, he is made of God to us complete redemption, 1 Cor. 1:30."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Was he ordained or appointed to these offices?", "answer": "Yes, from all eternity; 1 Pet. 1:20 - \"Who, verily, was foreordained before the foundation of the world.\""}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What were the necessary consequences of this eternal designation?", "answer": "His mission and call."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "In what consisted his mission?", "answer": "In his being promised, Isaiah 7:14, and typified under the Old Testament, John 3:14; and in his being actually sent, in the fulness of time, to assume our nature, and finish the work which was given him to do, Gal. 4:4, 5."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Was he formally called to his mediatory office?", "answer": "Yes; he did not take this honour unto himself, but was called of God, as was Aaron, Heb. 5. 4, 5."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Of what parts did his call consist?", "answer": "Of his unction and inauguration."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What do you understand by his unction?", "answer": "The consecration of him to all his mediatory offices, John 10:36; and the giving of the Spirit, with all his gifts and graces, without measure to him, that he might be fully furnished for the execution of these offices, John 3:34."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "In which nature is Christ anointed with the Spirit?", "answer": "The person of Christ was anointed in the human nature, which was the immediate receptacle of all gifts and graces, Psalm 68:18:- \"Thou hast received gifts for men:\" Margin, in the man; that is, in the human nature."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "When was he inaugurated into his mediatory offices?", "answer": "Although, in virtue of his assuming the human nature, he was born to the execution of them, yet he was not solemnly installed into the public exercise of these offices, till his baptism."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What was the solemnity of his inauguration or instalment at that time?", "answer": "\"The heavens were opened, the Spirit of God descended like a dove, and lighted upon him: and lo, a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased,\" Matt. 3:16, 17."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Why was Christ vested with this threefold office?", "answer": "The nature of our salvation required that it should be revealed by him as a Prophet; purchased by him as a Priest; and applied by him as a King."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Did ever ALL these offices centre in any ONE person except Christ alone?", "answer": "No; for, in order to set forth the vast importance of these offices, as united in the person of Christ, none of those who were typical of him under the Old Testament were ever clothed with all the three: this honour was reserved for himself, as his peculiar dignity and prerogative; John 14:6 - \"I am the way, and the truth, and the life;\" that is, the WAY in my death, as a Priest; the TRUTH in my word, as a Prophet; and the LIFE in my Spirit, as a King."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "In what states does Christ execute all these offices?", "answer": "Both in his estate of humiliation on earth, and in his state of exaltation in heaven."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What do you understand by Christ's executing of his offices?", "answer": "His doing or fulfilling what was incumbent upon him, in virtue of each of these offices, Matt. 3:15."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Are the offices of Christ the proper fountain from whence the promises flow?", "answer": "No; the proper fountain and spring of all the promises, is the sovereign will and good pleasure of God: hence the sovereign will of God is set in the front of all the promises, - \"I WILL put my law in their inward parts, and I WILL be their God; I WILL forgive their iniquity; and I WILL remember their sin no more,\" Jer. 31:33, 34; \"I WILL take away the stony heart out of your flesh; and I WILL give you a heart of flesh,\" &c. Ezek. 36:26, 27."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What connexion then have the promises with the offices of Christ?", "answer": "They are revealed to us by Christ as a Prophet, Heb. 1:2; confirmed by his blood, as a Priest, Heb. 9:16; and effectually applied by his power, as a King, Psalm 110:3."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Is the order in which the offices of Christ are here laid down, the very order in which they are executed?", "answer": "Yes; for it is the order laid down in scripture, 1 Cor. 1:30."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "By whom is this order inverted?", "answer": "By the Arminians and other legalists, who make Christ's kingly office the first which he executes, in the application of redemption."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How do they make Christ's kingly office the first which he executes?", "answer": "By alleging that Christ, as a King, has, in the gospel, given out a new preceptive law, of faith and repentance, by obedience to which we come to be entitled to Christ and his righteousness."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What is the danger of this scheme of doctrine?", "answer": "It confounds the law and gospel; and brings works into the matter and cause of a sinner's justification before God, contrary to Rom. 5:19, and Gal. 2:16."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "When faith closes with Christ, does it not close with him in all his offices?", "answer": "Yes; for Christ is never divided: we must have him wholly or none of him, John 8:24."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Which of his offices does faith act upon for justification?", "answer": "Upon his priestly office only: for the great thing a guilty sinner wants is righteousness, to answer the charge of the law; and the enlightened sinner sees that Christ, in his priestly office, is \"the end of the law for righteousness,\" Rom. 10:4."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What may we learn for encouragement from Christ's being clothed with this three-fold office?", "answer": "That since all these offices have a relation to us, we may warrantably employ him in every one of them; that in like manner as he is made over of God unto us, so we may actually have him for our \"wisdom, righteousness, sanctification, and redemption,\" 1 Cor. 1:30."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "24", "sort_key": 24, "question": "How does Christ execute the office of a Prophet?", "answer": "Christ executes the office of a Prophet, in revealing to us, by his word and Spirit, the will of God for our salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Is Christ expressly called a Prophet in scripture?", "answer": "Yes; as in Acts 3:22; where Peter applies the words of Moses to him, \"a prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you, of your brethren, like unto me,\" &c."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Why does he bear this name?", "answer": "Because he has made a full revelation of the whole counsel of God, concerning the salvation of lost sinners of mankind, John 15:15."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "By what other names is Christ described, with relation to this office?", "answer": "By the names of an Apostle, Heb. 3:1; of a Witness, Isaiah 55:4; and of an Interpreter, Job 33:23."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Why is he called an Apostle?", "answer": "Because he is the great Ambassador of Heaven, sent to declare the will of God to men, John 3:34; hence called \"the Messenger of the covenant,\" Mal. 3:1."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Why called Witness?", "answer": "Because being a son of Adam, Luke 3:38, he was the more fit to attest the will of God to men; and being the eternal Son of God, was therefore liable to no error or mistake in his testimony: hence called \"the Amen, the faithful and true Witness,\" Rev. 3:14."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Why is he called an Interpreter?", "answer": "Because the mystery of godliness lies so far beyond the reach of our natural understanding, that we could never savingly comprehend it, unless \"the Son of God gave us an understanding, that we may know him that is true,\" 1 John 5:20."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What was the necessity of his bearing this office of a Prophet?", "answer": "Because there could be no knowledge of the things of the Spirit of God, without a revelation of them, 1 Cor. 2:14; and there could be no revelation of these things, but through Christ, John 1:18."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "By what means does Christ reveal to us the will of God?", "answer": "He reveals it to us outwardly by his word, and inwardly, by his Spirit, 1 Pet. 1:11, 12."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "To whom does he reveal the will of God outwardly in his word?", "answer": "To his church, which, on this account, is called \"the valley of vision;\" Isaiah 22:1."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Did he reveal the will of God to his church under the Old Testament?", "answer": "Yes; for the Spirit of Christ was in the Old Testament prophets, 1 Pet. 1:11; he is said, in the days of Noah, to have preached unto the spirits now in prison, 1 Pet. 3:19; and to have spoken with Moses on Mount Sinai, Acts 7:38."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Does he still continue, under the New Testament, to be the prophet and teacher of the church?", "answer": "Yes; and is therefore said to speak from heaven, in his word and ordinances, Heb. 12:25 - \"See that ye refuse not him that speaketh; for, if they escaped not, who FISHER'S CATECHISM - WHAT MAN IS TO BELIEVE CONCERNING GOD refused him that spake on earth, much more shall not we escape, if we turn away from him that speaketh from heaven.\""}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "In what manner did he reveal the will of God under both Testaments?", "answer": "Both immediately, in his own person; and mediately, by the intervention of others."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "How did he reveal the will of God immediately in his own person?", "answer": "By voices, visions, dreams, and divers other manners, under the Old Testament, Heb. 1:1, and by his own personal ministry, while here on earth, under the New, Heb. 2:3."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "How does he reveal the will of God mediately, or by the intervention of others?", "answer": "By inspiring the prophets under the Old Testament, and his apostles under the New, to speak and write \"as they were moved by the Holy Ghost,\" 2 Pet. 1:21; and by commissioning ordinary pastors to teach all things whatsoever he has commanded; and in so doing, promising to be with them, \"alway, even unto the end of the world,\" Matt. 28:20."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Wherein does Christ excel all other prophets and teachers whatsoever, whether ordinary or extraordinary?", "answer": "They were all commissioned by him as the original Prophet, Eph. 4:11; none of them had ever any gifts or furniture, except what they received from him, John 20:22; and none of them could ever teach with such authority, power, and efficacy, as he does, John 7:46."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What will become of those who will not hear this prophet?", "answer": "They \"shall be destroyed from among the people,\" Acts 3:23."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "May not a people enjoy a faithful ministry, have the word purely preached to them, and yet not profit by it?", "answer": "Doubtless they may; as was the case of many of the Jews in Isaiah's time, Isaiah 53:1; and of Chorazin and Bethsaida, under the ministry of Christ himself, Matt. 11:21."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What is the reason why the word purely preached does not always profit?", "answer": "Because it is not \"mixed with faith in them that hear it,\" Heb. 4:2."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What commonly follows upon people's not profiting by the word preached?", "answer": "The word of the Lord slays them, Hos. 6:5; and proves the savour of death unto death to them, 2 Cor. 2:16."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Seeing the external dispensation of the word has so little influence upon the generality, what else is necessary to make it effectual?", "answer": "The inward teaching of Christ by his Spirit, John 6:63, and 14:26."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "How does this great prophet teach inwardly by his Spirit?", "answer": "He opens the understanding, and makes the entrance of his words to give such light, Psalm 119:130, that the soul is made to see a divine beauty and glory in the gospel-method of salvation, 1 Cor. 2:10-12, and powerfully inclined to fall in with it, 1 Tim. 1:15."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Does Christ, as a prophet, make all welcome to come and be taught by him?", "answer": "Yes; for, in the outward dispensation of the gospel, he opens the door to every man and woman, saying, \"Come unto me - and learn of me, for I am meek and lowly in heart,\" Matt. 11:28, 29."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "At what schools does Christ, as a prophet, train up his disciples?", "answer": "At the school of the law, the school of the gospel, and the school of affliction."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What does he teach them at the school of the law?", "answer": "The nature and desert of sin; that by it they are \"without Christ - having no hope, and without God in the world,\" Eph. 2:12."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What does he teach them at the school of the gospel?", "answer": "That he himself is the great doer of all for them, and in them, Mark 10:51; and that their business is to \"take the cup of salvation, and call upon the name of the Lord,\" Psalm 116:13."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What does he teach them at the school of affliction?", "answer": "To justify God, Ezra 9:13; to set their affections on things above, 2 Cor. 4:17, 18; and to pray that their affliction may be rather sanctified, than removed without being so, Isaiah 27:9."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How may persons know if they have profited under this great Prophet and Teacher?", "answer": "Such will follow on to know him more and more, Hos. 6:3; they will delight in his company, Psalm 27:4; grieve at his absence, Job 23:3; and hide his word in their heart, Psalm 119:11."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "25", "sort_key": 25, "question": "How does Christ execute the office of a Priest?", "answer": "Christ executes the office of a Priest, in his once offering up himself a sacrifice, to satisfy divine justice, and reconcile us to God; and in making continual intercession for us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What do you understand by a Priest?", "answer": "A priest is a public person, who in the name of the guilty deals with an offended God, for reconciliation, by sacrifice, which he offers to God upon an altar, being thereto called of God, that he may be accepted, Heb. 5:1, 4."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What was the great event which the priesthood under the law, especially the office of high priest, typified and pointed at?", "answer": "It was Christ's becoming a high priest, to appear before God, in the name of sinners, to make atonement and reconciliation for them, Heb. 8:1-3."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Of whom was the high priest a representative, when bearing the names of the children of Israel upon his shoulders, and in the breast plate? Ex. 28:12, 29.", "answer": "He was the representative of all Israel; and so an illustrious type of Christ, as the representative of a whole elect world, Isaiah 49:3."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Were not the ordinary priests, as well as the high priest, types of Christ?", "answer": "Yes; because though the high priest was a more eminent type of him, yet the apostle, Heb. 10:11, 12, compares every priest, who offered sacrifices, with Christ, as a type with the antitype."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "In what respect did Christ excel the priests after the order of Aaron?", "answer": "In his person, manner of instalment, and in the efficacy and perfection of his sacrifice."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "How does he excel them in his person?", "answer": "They were only mere men, He, \"the true God, and eternal life,\" 1 John 5:20; they were sinful men, He \"is holy, harmless, undefiled, and separate from sinners,\" Heb. 7:26."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "How did he excel them in the manner of his instalment?", "answer": "\"Those priests were made without an oath; but this with an oath, by him that said unto him, The Lord sware, and will not repent, Thou art a Priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek,\" Heb. 7:21."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Why was Christ made a Priest with the solemnity of an oath?", "answer": "Because, as the weight of the salvation of sinners lay upon his call to this office, so his Father's solemn investing of him in it by an oath, gave him access to offer himself effectually, even in such sort, as to fulfil the condition of the covenant, and thus to purchase eternal life for them, Heb. 9:12."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "In what respect did Christ excel the Aaronical priests in the efficacy and perfection of his sacrifice?", "answer": "\"It is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins: - But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins, for ever sat down on the right hand of God,\" Heb. 10:4, 12."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "After what order was Christ a priest?", "answer": "After the order of Melchizedek, Psalm 110:4."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What was the order of Melchizedek?", "answer": "That being \"made like unto the Son of God, he abideth a priest continually,\" Heb. 7:3."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "How could Melchizedek abide a priest continually, when he certainly died like other men?", "answer": "The meaning is, he came not to his office by succession to any who went before him, and none succeeded him after his death."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Why then is Christ called a priest after the order of Melchizedek?", "answer": "Because not succeeding to, or being succeeded by any other in his office, but \"continuing ever, he hath an unchangeable priesthood;\" being made a priest, \"not after the law of a carnal commandment, but after the power of an endless life,\" Heb. 7:16, 24."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What are the parts of Christ's priestly office?", "answer": "His satisfaction on earth, Heb. 13:12, and his intercession in heaven, 1 John 2:1."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Why behoved his satisfaction to be made upon earth?", "answer": "Because this earth being the theatre of rebellion, where God's law was violated, and his authority trampled upon, it was meet that satisfaction should be made, where the offence was committed; hence, says Christ, John 17:4 - \"I have glorified thee on the earth.\""}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "How did Christ make satisfaction on the earth?", "answer": "By sacrifice, 1 Cor. 5:7 - \"Even Christ our passover is sacrificed for us.\""}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What was the sacrifice which he offered?", "answer": "It was Himself, Heb. 9:26 - \"He appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself.\""}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What was essentially necessary to every sacrifice?", "answer": "The shedding of blood unto death, Heb. 9:22 - \"Without shedding of blood is no remission.\""}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Which of the two natures was the sacrifice?", "answer": "The human nature, soul and body, Isaiah 53:10, Heb. 10:10, which were actually separated by death, John 19:30."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What was necessary to the acceptance of every slain sacrifice?", "answer": "That it be offered on such an altar as should sanctify the gift to its necessary value, and designed effect, Matt. 23:19 - \"Whether is greater the gift, or the altar that sanctifieth the gift?\""}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What was the altar on which the sacrifice of the human nature was offered?", "answer": "It was the divine nature."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "How did this altar sanctify the gift?", "answer": "It gave to it an infinite value and efficacy, because of the personal union, Heb. 9:14."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Was Christ a sacrifice only while on the cross?", "answer": "In the first moment of his incarnation, the sacrifice was laid on the altar, Heb. 10:5; continued thereon through the whole of his life, Isaiah 53:3; and was completed on the cross, and in the grave, John 19:30; Isaiah 53:9."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Was there a necessity for a priest to offer this sacrifice?", "answer": "Yes, surely; because a priest and sacrifice being inseparable, without a priest there could be no sacrifice at all to be accepted, and consequently no removal of sin, Heb. 8:3."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Who was the priest?", "answer": "As Christ himself was both the sacrifice and the altar, none else but himself could be the priest, Heb. 5:5."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "Did Christ truly and properly offer himself a sacrifice, not for our good only, but in our room and stead?", "answer": "Yes; as is evident from all those scriptures where Christ is said to have borne our sins, 1 Pet. 2:24, to have died for us, Rom. 5:6, and to have redeemed us by his blood, Rev. 5:9."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How often did Christ offer up himself sacrifice?", "answer": "Once only, Heb. 9:28, \"Christ was ONCE offered to bear the sins of many.\""}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "Why could not this sacrifice be repeated?", "answer": "Because as once dying was the penalty of the law, so once suffering unto death was the complete payment of it, in regard of the infinite dignity of the sufferer, Heb. 9:27, 28."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "For what end did Christ once offer up himself a sacrifice?", "answer": "To satisfy divine justice, 1 Pet. 3:18."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Was satisfaction to justice absolutely necessary?", "answer": "Yes; since God freely purposed to save some of mankind, it was absolutely necessary that it should be done consistently with the honour of justice, Exod. 34:7."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What did the honour of justice require as a satisfaction?", "answer": "That the curse of the broken law be fully executed, either upon the sinners themselves, Ezek. 18:4, or upon a sufficient substitute, Psalm 89:19."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What would have been the effect of executing the curse upon the sinners themselves?", "answer": "The:fire of divine wrath would have burned continually upon them, and yet there would be no satisfaction to avenging justice, Isaiah 33:14."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "Why could not avenging justice be ever satisfied?", "answer": "Because they were not only finite creatures, whose most exquisite sufferings could never be a sufficient compensation for the injured honour of an infinite God; but they were sinful creatures likewise, who would still have remained sinful, even under their eternal sufferings, Rev. 14:11."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "How could satisfaction be demanded from Christ, who was perfectly holy and innocent?", "answer": "He voluntarily substituted himself in the room of sinners, Psalm 40:7; their sins were imputed to him, Isaiah 53:5, 6; he had full power to dispose of his own life, John 10:18; and therefore it was most just to exact the full payment of him."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "Has Christ fully and perfectly satisfied divine justice?", "answer": "Yes; his \"offering and sacrifice to God was for a sweet-smelling savour,\" Eph. 5:2; or a savour of rest, as it is said of Noah's typical sacrifice, Gen. 8:21 margin."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "Why is his sacrifice said to be for a sweet-smelling savour, or savour of rest?", "answer": "Because it quite overcame the abominable savour arising from sin, and gave the avenging justice and wrath of God the calmest and profoundest rest."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "How do you prove that Christ has perfectly satisfied the justice of God?", "answer": "He said, \"It is finished,\" John 19:30; and evidenced that it was really so, by his resurrection from the dead, Rom. 1:4."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "For whom did Christ satisfy justice?", "answer": "For the elect only, John 10:15; and not for all mankind, Eph. 5:25."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "How is it evident that Christ satisfied for the elect only, and not for all mankind?", "answer": "From the satisfaction and intercession of Christ being of equal extent, so that the one reaches no further than the other; and he expressly affirms, that he intercedes for the elect only, and not for the whole world of mankind, John 17:9 - \"I pray not for the world, but for them which thou hast given me.\""}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "What is the blessed effect and consequence of Christ's perfectly satisfying the justice of God?", "answer": "It is the reconciling us to God, Rom. 5:10."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "How does the satisfaction of Christ reconcile us to God?", "answer": "It discovers the love of God, in providing such a ransom for us; and this love, apprehended by faith, slays the natural enmity against God, 1 John 4:10, 19."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "When is it that the elect are actually reconciled to God?", "answer": "When, in a day of power, they are determined to come to \"Jesus the Mediator of the new covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling,\" Heb. 12:24."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "Why is the blood of Jesus called the blood of sprinkling?", "answer": "To distinguish between the shedding and the application of his blood, Exod. 24:8; and also to point out the necessity of the one, as well as the other, for reconciliation and pardon, Ezek. 36:25."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "How may we know if we are reconciled to God?", "answer": "If we are dead to the law as a covenant, Rom. 7:4; and are content to be eternal debtors to rich and sovereign grace, Psalm 115:1."}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "What may we learn from the first part of Christ's priestly office, his satisfaction for sin?", "answer": "The exceeding sinfulness of sin, Rom. 7:13; the infinite love of God, John 3:16; and the necessity of an interest in this satisfaction, Heb. 10:29."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "What is the SECOND PART Of Christ's priestly office?", "answer": "It is his making continual intercession for us, Heb. 7:25."}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "Had Christ's intercession any place in the making of a new covenant?", "answer": "No; the love and grace of God made the motion for a new covenant freely, Psalm 89:3, 20."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "Could the breach between God and sinners be made up by a simple intercession?", "answer": "No; justice could not be satisfied with pleading, but by paying a ransom, Heb. 9:22."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "To what part of the covenant then does Christ's intercession belong?", "answer": "As his sacrificing natively took its place in the making, and fulfilling the condition of, the covenant, so his intercession belongs to the administration of the covenant, and fulfilling the promises of it, Rom. 8:34."}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "What occasion was there for an intercessor, or advocate with the Father, when the Father himself loveth us? John 16:27.", "answer": "That through Christ's obedience unto death, as the honourable channel, his spiritual seed might have the blessed fruits and effects of the Father's everlasting love, flowing into their souls, in every time of need, Heb. 4:14, 16."}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "What is the nature of Christ's intercession?", "answer": "It is his WILLING, that the merit of his sacrifice be applied to all those in whose room and stead he died, according to the method laid down in the covenant in their favour, John 17:24 - \"Father, I WILL that they whom thou hast given me, be with me, where I am,\" &c."}, {"item_id": "52", "question": "Who then are the objects of his intercession?", "answer": "Those only whom he, as the second Adam, represented in the eternal transaction, John 17:9."}, {"item_id": "53", "question": "Is his intercession always prevalent on their behalf?", "answer": "Yes, surely: for so he himself testifies, saying unto his Father, John 11:42 - \"I know that thou hearest me always.\""}, {"item_id": "54", "question": "What is the first fruit of Christ's intercession with respect to the elect?", "answer": "His effectually procuring the actual in-bringing of them into a covenant state of peace and favour with God at the time appointed, John 17:20, 21."}, {"item_id": "55", "question": "Whence is it that the intercession of Christ obtains peace between heaven and earth?", "answer": "Because he purchased it for them by the blood of his sacrifice, Col. 1:20; and it was promised to him on that ground, Isaiah 54:13."}, {"item_id": "56", "question": "What does he by his intercession, in consequence of their being brought into a covenant state?", "answer": "He appears for them; and, in their name, takes possession of heaven, and all the other blessings they have a right to, in virtue of that covenant state, Eph. 2:6, Heb. 6:20."}, {"item_id": "57", "question": "Having brought the elect into a state of peace, does he leave it to themselves to maintain it?", "answer": "No; if that were the case it would soon be at an end; but, by his intercession, he always prevents a rupture between heaven and them, Luke 22:32 - \"I have prayed for thee, that thy faith fail not.\""}, {"item_id": "58", "question": "How does he maintain the peace between heaven and them?", "answer": "Upon the ground of his satisfaction for them, he answers all accusations against them, and takes up all emerging differences between them and their covenanted God, 1 John 2:1, 2."}, {"item_id": "59", "question": "Are not the saints on earth, being sinful, unfit to come into the presence of the King?", "answer": "Yes; but the glorious Advocate introduces them, procuring them access by his interest in the court; \"For through him we have an access, by one Spirit, unto the Father,\" Eph. 2:18."}, {"item_id": "60", "question": "How are their prayers acceptable to God, when attended with so many blemishes?", "answer": "Their prayers made in faith, though infected with the remains of corruption, yet being perfumed with the incense of his merit, are accepted in heaven, and have gracious returns made them, Rev. 8:3."}, {"item_id": "61", "question": "What is the last fruit of Christ's intercession, on behalf of his elect, brought into a state of grace on this earth?", "answer": "The obtaining their admittance into heaven, in due time; and continuing their state of perfect happiness there, for ever and ever, John 17:24."}, {"item_id": "62", "question": "Is not Christ a Priest for ever, according to Psalm 110:4?", "answer": "He is not a sacrificing priest for ever, \"having, by one offering, perfected for ever them that are sanctified,\" Heb. 10:14; but he is, and ever will be, an interceding priest, Heb. 7:27 - \"He ever liveth to make intercession.\""}, {"item_id": "63", "question": "What will be the subject of his intercession for ever, in behalf of the saints in heaven?", "answer": "The everlasting continuance of their happy state, John 17:21, 22."}, {"item_id": "64", "question": "What is the ground of his eternally willing the everlasting continuance of their happy state?", "answer": "He does it on the ground of the eternal redemption obtained for them, by the sacrificing of himself on this earth, Heb. 9:12."}, {"item_id": "65", "question": "What then is the everlasting security that the saints in heaven have, for the uninterrupted continuance of their happiness?", "answer": "That the infinite merit of Christ's sacrifice will be eternally presented before God in heaven itself, where, in their nature, he continually appears in the presence of God for them, Heb. 9:24."}, {"item_id": "66", "question": "How will the happiness, issuing from the merit of Christ's sacrifice, be communicated by him, to the saints in heaven?", "answer": "It will be communicated to them, by him, as their Prophet and their King."}, {"item_id": "67", "question": "Will not these offices be laid aside in heaven?", "answer": "No; for as he is \"a Priest for ever,\" Psalm 110:4, so \"of his kingdom there shall be no end,\" Luke 1:33; and the Lamb will be the light of the heavenly city, Rev. 21:23."}, {"item_id": "68", "question": "How will the saints' communion with God in heaven be for ever maintained?", "answer": "It will be still in and through the Mediator, in a manner agreeable to their state of perfection, Rev. 7:17 - \"The Lamb, which is in the midst of the throne, shall feed them, and shall lead them to living fountains of water.\""}, {"item_id": "69", "question": "What is the difference between the intercession of Christ, and the intercession of the Spirit, mentioned Rom. 8:26?", "answer": "CHRIST intercedes without us, by presenting the merit of his oblation for us, Heb. 12:24; but the SPIRIT intercedes within us, by bringing the promise to our remembrance, John 14:26, and enabling us to importune a faithful God, to do as he has said, and not to let him go, except he bless us, Gen. 32:26."}, {"item_id": "70", "question": "Are there any other intercessors for us in heaven besides Christ?", "answer": "None at all: for there is only \"one Mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus,\" 1 Tim. 2:5. He who is the only \"Advocate with the Father, is Jesus Christ, the righteous,\" 1 John 2:1."}, {"item_id": "71", "question": "May we not apply to saints or angels to intercede for us, as the Papists do?", "answer": "By no means; this would be gross idolatry: besides, they have no merit to plead, Rev. 22:9; nor do they know our cases and wants, Isaiah 63:16."}, {"item_id": "72", "question": "What may we learn from Christ's intercession?", "answer": "That though the believer has nothing to pay for managing his cause at the court of heaven, yet it is impossible it can miscarry, seeing the Advocate is faithfulness itself, Rev. 3:14; and pleads for nothing but what he has merited by his blood, John 17:4."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "26", "sort_key": 26, "question": "How does Christ execute the office of a King?", "answer": "Christ executes the office of a King, in subduing us to himself, in ruling and defending us, and in restraining and conquering all his and our enemies.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How does it appear that Christ is a KING?", "answer": "From his Father's testimony, Psalm 2:6, and his own, John 18:36, concerning this matter."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "When was he ordained or appointed to his kingdom?", "answer": "He \"was set up from everlasting,\" Proverbs 8:23."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "When was he publicly proclaimed?", "answer": "At his birth, Matt. 2:2, and at his death, John 19:19."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Did he not actually exercise his kingly power before that time?", "answer": "Yes; he commenced the exercise of his kingly power ever after the first promise, of his bruising the head of the serpent, Gen. 3:15."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "When was he solemnly inaugurated into his kingly office?", "answer": "When he ascended, and \"sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high,\" Heb. 1:3."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Where stands the throne of this great Potentate?", "answer": "His throne of glory is in heaven, Rev. 7:17; his throne of grace is in the church, Heb. 4:16; and his throne of judgment is to be erected in the aerial heavens at his second coming, 1 Thess. 4:17."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What sceptre does he sway?", "answer": "He has a twofold sceptre: one by which he gathers and governs his subjects, Psalm 110:2; another by which he dashes his enemies in pieces like a potter's vessel, Psalm 2:9."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is that sceptre by which Christ gathers and governs his subjects?", "answer": "It is the gospel of the grace of God, accompanied with the power of his Spirit, therefore called the rod of his strength, Psalm 110:2."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is that rod of iron by which he dashes his enemies in pieces?", "answer": "It is the power of his anger, of which no finite creature can know the uttermost, Psalm 90:11."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What armies does this King command and lead?", "answer": "His name is the Lord of hosts, and all the armies in heaven, whether saints or angels, follow him as upon white horses, Rev. 19:14."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What other armies does he command?", "answer": "The devils in hell are the executioners of his wrath against the wicked of the world, who will not have him to rule over them: yea, he can levy armies of lice, frogs, caterpillars, locusts, to avenge his quarrel, as in the plagues of Egypt."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What tribute is paid to this mighty King?", "answer": "He has the continual tribute of praise, honour, and glory paid him, by saints in the church militant, Psalm 65:1; and by both saints and angels in the church triumphant, Rev. 5:9, 13."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Does he levy a tribute also from among his enemies?", "answer": "Yes; for the wrath of man shall praise him on this earth, Psalm 76:10; and he will, hereafter, erect monuments of praise to his justice, in their eternal destruction, Rom. 9:22."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Who are the ambassadors of this king?", "answer": "He has sometimes employed angels upon some particular embassies, Luke 2:10, but because these are apt to terrify sinners of mankind, therefore, he ordinarily employs men of the same mould with themselves, even ministers of the gospel, whom he commissions and calls to that office, 2 Cor. 5:18, 19."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "May any man intrude himself into the office of an ambassador of Christ?", "answer": "No man may lawfully take \"this honour to himself, but he that is called of God, as was Aaron,\" Heb. 5:4."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What shall we think then of those who intrude themselves, or are intruded into the ministry, without a scriptural call?", "answer": "Christ declares them to be thieves and robbers, or at best but hirelings, John 10:8-12; that \"they shall not profit the people at all, because he never sent them,\" Jer. 23:32; and that the leaders, and they that are led by them, shall \"both fall into the ditch,\" Matt. 15:14."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How many fold is Christ's kingdom?", "answer": "It is twofold; his essential and his mediatorial kingdom."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What is his essential kingdom?", "answer": "It is that absolute and supreme power, which he has over all the creatures in heaven and earth, essentially and naturally, as God equal with the Father, Psalm 103:19 - \"His kingdom ruleth over all.\""}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is his mediatorial kingdom?", "answer": "It is that sovereign power and authority in and over the church, which is given him as Mediator, Eph. 1:22."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What is the nature of his mediatorial kingdom?", "answer": "It is entirely spiritual, and \"not of this world,\" John 18:36."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Does the civil magistrate, then, hold his office of Christ as Mediator?", "answer": "No; but of him as God Creator, otherwise all civil magistrates, Heathen, as well as Christian, would be church officers; which would be grossly Erastian."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What are the ACTS of Christ's kingly power?", "answer": "They are such as have either a respect to his elect people, John 1:49; or such as have a respect to his and their enemies, Psalm 110:2."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What are the acts of his kingly administration, which have a respect to his elect people?", "answer": "They are his subduing them to himself, Acts 15:14; his ruling them, Isaiah 33:22; and his defending them, Isaiah 31:2."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "How does Christ SUBDUE his elect people to himself?", "answer": "By the power of his Spirit so managing the word that he conquers their natural aversion and obstinacy, Psalm 110:3; and makes them willing to embrace a Saviour and a great one, as freely offered in the gospel, Isaiah 44:5."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "In what condition does he find his elect ones, when he comes to subdue them to himself?", "answer": "He finds them prisoners, and lawful captives, Isaiah 61:1."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "How does he loose their bonds?", "answer": "By his Spirit, applying to them the whole of his satisfaction, by which all demands of law and justice are fully answered, John 16:8-12."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What is the consequence of answering the demands of law and justice, by the Spirit's applying the satisfaction of Christ?", "answer": "The law being satisfied, the strength of sin is broken, and therefore the sting of death is taken away, 1 Cor. 15:56, 57."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What follows upon taking away the sting of death?", "answer": "Satan loses his power over them; and that being lost, the present evil world, which is his kingdom, can hold them no longer, Gal. 1:4."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What comes of them, when they are separated from the world that lies in wickedness?", "answer": "The very moment they are delivered from the \"power of darkness,\" they are translated \"into the kingdom of God's dear Son,\" Col. 1:13."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Are they not in the world after this happy change?", "answer": "Though in the world, yet they are not of it, but true and lively members of Christ's invisible kingdom; and, therefore, the objects of the world's hatred, John 15:19."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "When Christ as a king has subdued sinners to himself, what other part of his royal office does he exercise over them?", "answer": "He RULES and governs them: hence he is called the \"Ruler in Israel,\" Micah 5:2."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "Does the rule and government of Christ dissolve the subjection of his people from the powers of the earth?", "answer": "By no means: he paid tribute himself, Matt. 17:27; and has strictly commanded that \"every soul be subject to the higher powers, because there is no power but of God; and the powers that be, are ordained of God,\" Rom. 13:1."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "In what things are the subjects of Christ's kingdom to obey the powers of the earth?", "answer": "In every thing that is not forbidden by the law of God; but when the commands of men are opposite to the commands of God, in that case, God ought always to be obeyed, \"rather than men,\" Acts 5:29."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "How does this glorious King rule his subjects?", "answer": "By giving them the laws, Psalm 147:19, and administering to them the discipline of his kingdom, Heb. 12:6."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What are the laws of Christ's kingdom?", "answer": "They are no other than the laws of the Ten Commandments, originally given to Adam at his creation, and afterwards published from Mount Sinai. Ex. 20:3-18."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "How does Christ sweeten this law to his subjects?", "answer": "Having fulfilled it as a covenant, he gives it out to his true and faithful subjects as a rule of life, to be obeyed in the strength of that grace which is secured in the promise, Ezek. 36:27."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "Does he annex any rewards to the obedience of his true subjects?", "answer": "Yes; in keeping of his commandments, \"there is great reward,\" Psalm 19:11."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "What are these rewards?", "answer": "His special comforts and love-tokens, which he bestows for exciting to that holy and tender walk, which is the fruit of faith, John 14:21."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "Why are these comforts called rewards?", "answer": "Because they are given to a working saint, as a farther privilege on the performance of duty, Rev. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "Is it the order of the new covenant, that duty should go before privilege?", "answer": "No; the matter stands thus: the leading privilege is the quickening Spirit, then follows duty; and duty, performed in faith, is followed with farther privilege, till privilege and duty come both to perfection in heaven, not to be distinguished any more, 1 John 3:2."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "What is the discipline of Christ's kingdom?", "answer": "Fatherly chastisement; which, being necessary for the welfare of his true subjects, is secured for them in the promise, Psalm 89:30-35."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "To what promise of the covenant does fatherly chastisement belong?", "answer": "To the promise of sanctification, being an appointed mean for advancing holiness in them, Heb. 12:10; Isaiah 27:9."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "What other act of kingly power does Christ exercise about his subjects, besides subduing them to himself, and ruling of them?", "answer": "He DEFENDS them likewise, Psalm 89:18 - \"The Lord is our DEFENCE.\""}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "Against whom does he defend them?", "answer": "Against all their enemies; sin, Satan, the world, and death, Luke 1:71; 1 John 4:4; Hos. 13:14."}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "Who are their worst enemies?", "answer": "The remains of corruption within them, which are not expelled during this life, but left for their exercise and trial, Gal. 5:17."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "How does he defend them against these inward foes?", "answer": "By keeping alive in them the spark of holy fire in the midst of an ocean of corruption, and causing it to resist and overcome the same, until it is quite dried up, Rom. 7:24, 25."}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "What are the acts of Christ's kingly office, with respect to his people's enemies?", "answer": "His restraining and conquering them, 1 Cor. 15:25 - \"He must reign till he hath put all his enemies under his feet.\""}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "Whence is it that this glorious King, and his subjects, have the same enemies?", "answer": "He and they make up that one body, of which he is the head and they are the members, 1 Cor. 12:12; and therefore they cannot but have common friends and foes, Zech. 2:8."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "What is it for Christ to restrain his and his people's enemies?", "answer": "It is to overrule and disappoint their wicked purposes, Isaiah 37:29; to set limits to their wrath, and to bring a revenue of glory to himself out of the same, Psalm 76:10."}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "What restraints does he put upon them?", "answer": "He bounds them by his power, as to the kind, degree, and continuance of all their enterprises and attacks upon his people, Job 1:12, and 2:6."}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "What is it for Christ to conquer all his and his people's enemies?", "answer": "It is his taking away their power, that they cannot hurt the least of his little ones, with respect to their spiritual state, Luke 10:19; 11:22."}, {"item_id": "52", "question": "How does he conquer them?", "answer": "He has already conquered them in his own person, as the head of the new covenant, by the victory he obtained over them in his death, Col. 2:15; and he conquers them daily in his members, when be enables them, by faith, to put their feet upon the neck of their vanquished foes, Rom. 16:20."}, {"item_id": "53", "question": "What may we learn from Christ's executing his kingly office?", "answer": "That though believers, while in this world, are in the midst of their enemies, \"as lambs among wolves,\" Luke 10:3; yet by this mighty King, as the breaker, going up before them, Micah. 2:13, they shall be \"more than conquerors through him that loved them,\" Rom. 8:37."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "27", "sort_key": 27, "question": "Wherein did Christ's humiliation consist?", "answer": "Christ's humiliation consisted in his being born, and that in a low condition, made under the law, undergoing the miseries of this life, the wrath of God, and the cursed death of the cross; in being buried, and continuing under the power of death for a time.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What do you understand by Christ's humiliation in general?", "answer": "His condescending to have that glory, which he had with the Father, \"before the world was,\" John 17:5, veiled for a time, by his coming to this lower world, to be \"a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief,\" Isaiah 53:3."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Was Christ's humiliation entirely voluntary?", "answer": "It was voluntary in the highest degree; for, from eternity, he rejoiced \"in the habitable part of the earth, and his delights were with the sons of men,\" Proverbs 8:31."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What was the spring and source of Christ's humiliation?", "answer": "Nothing but his own and his Father's undeserved love to lost mankind, Rom. 5:6; 1 John 4:10."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What are the several steps of Christ's humiliation, mentioned in the answer?", "answer": "They are such as respect \"his conception and birth, his life, his death,\" and what passed upon him, \"after his death, until his resurrection.\"34"}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How did Christ humble himself in his conception and birth?", "answer": "In that, being from all eternity the Son of God, \"in the bosom of the Father, he was pleased, in the fulness of time, to become the Son of man, made of a woman; and to be born of her,\" in a very low condition, John 1:14, 18; Gal. 4:4.35"}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What was the low condition in which he was born?", "answer": "He was born of a poor woman, though of royal descent, in Bethlehem, an obscure village; and there \"laid in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn,\" Luke 2:4, 5, 7."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Why is the pedigree and descent of Christ, according to the flesh, so particularly described by the evangelists?", "answer": "To evidence the faithfulness of God in his promise to Abraham, Gen. 22:18, and David, Psalm 132:11, that the Messiah should spring out of their seed."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Why was Christ born in such a low condition?", "answer": "He stooped so low that he might lift up sinners of mankind out of the horrible pit and miry clay, into which they were plunged, Psalm 40:2."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What improvement ought we to make of the incarnation and birth of Christ, in such circumstances of more than ordinary abasement?", "answer": "To :dmire \"the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though he was rich, yet for our sakes he became poor, that we through his poverty might be rich,\" 2 Cor. 8:9; and by faith to claim a relation to him as our kinsman, saying, \"Unto us a child is born, unto us a Son is given,\" Isaiah 9:6."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "How did Christ humble himself in his life?", "answer": "In being made under the law, undergoing, the miseries of this life, and the wrath of God."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What law was Christ made under as our surety?", "answer": "Although he gave obedience to all divine institutions, ceremonial and political, yet it was the moral law, properly, he was made under, as our Surety, Gal. 4:4, 5."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "How does it appear to have been the moral law he was made under?", "answer": "Because this was the law given to Adam in his creation, and afterwards vested with the form of a covenant of works, when he was placed in paradise; by the breach of which law, as a covenant, all mankind are brought under the curse, Gal. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Was Christ made under the moral law, as a covenant of works, or only as a rule of life?", "answer": "He was made under it as a covenant of works, demanding perfect obedience, as a condition of life, and full satisfaction because of man's transgression."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "How do you prove this?", "answer": "From Gal. 4:4, 5 - \"God sent forth his Son - made under the law, to redeem them that were under the law:\" where it is obvious, that Christ behoved to be made under the law, in the very same sense, in which his spiritual seed, whom he came to redeem, were under it; and they being all under it as a covenant, he behoved to be made under it as a covenant likewise, that he might redeem them from its curse, Gal. 3:13."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What would be the absurdity of affirming that Christ was made under the law as a rule, and not as a covenant?", "answer": "It would make the apostle's meaning, in the forecited passage, Gal. 4:4, 5, to be, as if he had said, Christ was made under the law as a rule to redeem them that were under the law as a rule, from all subjection and obedience to it; which is the very soul of Antinomianism, and quite contrary to the great end of Christ's coming to the world, which was \"not to destroy the law, but to fulfil it,\" Matt. 5:17."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Why is Christ's being made under the law, mentioned as a part of his humiliation?", "answer": "Because it was most amazing condescension in the great Lord and Lawgiver of heaven and earth, to become subject to his own law, and that for this very end, that he might fulfil it in the room of those who were the transgressors of it, and had incurred its penalty, Matt. 3:15."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What may we learn from Christ's being made under the law?", "answer": "The misery of sinners out of Christ, who have to answer to God in their own persons, for their debt, both of obedience and punishment, Eph. 2:12; and the happiness of believers, who have all their debt cleared, by Christ's being made under the law in their room, Rom. 8:1."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What were the miseries of this life, which Christ endured in his state of humiliation?", "answer": "Together with our nature, he took on him its sinless infirmities, such as hunger, thirst, weariness, grief, and the like, Rom. 8:3; he submitted to poverty and want, Matt. 8:20; and endured likewise the assaults and temptations of Satan, Heb. 4:15; together with the contradiction, reproach, and persecution of a wicked world, Heb. 12:3."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Why did he undergo all these?", "answer": "That he might take the sting out of all the afflictions of his people, Rom. 8:28; and sympathise with them in their troubles, Isaiah 63:9."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Were these the greatest miseries he experienced in this life?", "answer": "No; he underwent the wrath of God also, Ps. 116:3."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What was it for him to undergo the wrath of God?", "answer": "It was to suffer the utmost effects of God's holy and righteous displeasure against sin, Psalm 90:11."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What was it that made the human nature of Christ capable of supporting the utmost effects of the wrath of God?", "answer": "Its union with his divine person, by which it was impossible it could sink under the weight, Isaiah 50:7."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "How could Christ undergo the wrath of God, seeing he did \"always the things that please him?", "answer": "He underwent it only as the Surety for his elect seed, on account of their sins which were imputed to him, Isaiah 53:6 - \"The Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.\""}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "How did it appear that he underwent the wrath of God?", "answer": "It appeared chiefly in his agony, in the garden, when he said, \"My soul is exceeding sorrowful, even unto death,\" Matt. 26:38; at which time, \"his sweat was, as it were, great drops of blood, falling down to the ground,\" Luke 22:44; and again, on the cross, when he \"cried with a loud voice, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?\" Matt. 27:46."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Was not he the object of his Father's delight, even when undergoing his wrath on account of our sin?", "answer": "Yes, surely: for though the sin of the world, which he was bearing, was the object of God's infinite hatred; yet the glorious person bearing it, was, even then, the object of his infinite love, Isaiah 53:10 - \"It pleased the Lord to bruise him.\""}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What may we learn from Christ's undergoing the miseries of this life, and the wrath of God?", "answer": "\"That we must through much tribulation enter into the kingdom of God,\" Acts 14:22; and that he is \"pacified towards us, for all that we have done,\" Ezek. 16:63."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How did Christ humble himself in his death?", "answer": "By undergoing the cursed death of the cross, Phil. 2:8."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "Why is the death of the cross called a cursed death?", "answer": "Because God, in testimony of his anger against breaking the first covenant, by eating the fruit of the forbidden tree, had said, \"Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree,\" Gal. 3:13."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What evidences are there that Christ was made a curse for us in his death?", "answer": "In as much as there was no pity, no sparing in his death; God spared him not, Rom. 8:32; and wicked men were let loose upon him like dogs and bulls, Psalm 22:12, 16."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "How does the scripture set forth the exquisite agony of his death?", "answer": "It tells us, that \"they pierced his hands and his feet, that he was poured out like water; that all his bones were out of joint: his heart, like wax, melted in the midst of his bowels; his strength dried up like a potsherd; and his tongue made to cleave to his jaws,\" Psalm 22:14, 15."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "How was Christ's death on the cross typified under the Old Testament?", "answer": "By the brazen serpent lifted up in the wilderness, \"For, as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up,\" John 3:14."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "Were the soul and body of Christ actually separated by death on the cross?", "answer": "Yes; for when \"he had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said this, he gave up the ghost,\" Luke 23:46."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "Was either soul or body separated from his divine person?", "answer": "No; it is impossible they could be, because the union of the human nature to his divine person is absolutely inviolable, Jesus being \"the same yesterday, and today, and for ever,\" Heb. 13:8."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "What may we learn from Christ's dying the cursed death of the cross?", "answer": "That \"he hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us,\" Gal. 3:13."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "How did Christ humble himself in what passed upon him after his death?", "answer": "In being buried and continuing under the power of death for a time, 1 Cor. 15:4."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "What respect was paid to the dead body of Christ before its burial?", "answer": "\"Joseph of Arimathaea bought fine linen,\" Mark 15:43, 46, and \"Nicodemus brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, and they took the body of Jesus, and wound it in linen clothes, with the spices, as the manner of the Jews is to bury,\" John 19:39, 40."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "Where did they bury him?", "answer": "In a \"new sepulchre, wherein was never man yet laid,\" John 19:41."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "Why was it ordered in providence, that he should be laid in a new sepulchre?", "answer": "That none might have it to say, that it was another, and not he, that rose from the dead, Acts 4:10."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "What do you understand by these words in the CREED, He descended into Hell?", "answer": "Nothing else but his descent into the grave, to be under the power of death, as its prisoner, Psalm 16:10."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "What was it that gave death power and dominion over Christ?", "answer": "His being made sin for us, 2 Cor. 5:21."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "Were death and the grave able to maintain their dominion over him?", "answer": "No; because of the complete payment of all demands made upon him as a Surety, Rom. 6:9."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "How long time did he continue under the power of death?", "answer": "Till he rose on the third day, 1 Cor. 15:4."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "Why did he continue so long under the power of death?", "answer": "To show that he was really dead, this being necessary to be believed, 1 Cor. 15:3."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "What sign, or type, was there of his continuing so long in the grave?", "answer": "The sign of the prophet Jonas, Matt. 12:40 - \"As Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale's belly, so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.\""}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "Did he see corruption in the grave like other men?", "answer": "No; being God's Holy One, absolutely free from sin, his body could see no corruption, Psalm 16:10."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "What may we learn from Christ's being buried, and continuing under the power of death for a time?", "answer": "That the grave being \"the place where the Lord lay,\" Matt. 28:6, it cannot but be sweet to a dying saint, to think that he is to lie down in the same bed; and that, in like manner, as \"Jesus died and rose again, even so them also which sleep in Jesus, will God bring with him,\" 1 Thess. 4:14."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "28", "sort_key": 28, "question": "Wherein consists Christ's exaltation?", "answer": "Christ's exaltation consists in his rising again from the dead on the third day, in ascending up into heaven, in sitting at the right hand of God the Father, and in coming to judge the world at the last day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What do you understand by Christ's exaltation?", "answer": "Not the conferring of any new glory upon his divine person, which is absolutely unchangeable; but a manifestation, in the human nature, (which had eclipsed it for awhile,) of the same glory, of which he was eternally possessed as the Son of God, John 17:5 - \"And now, O Father, glorify thou me with thine own self, with the glory which I had with thee before the world was.\""}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Why does Christ's exaltation immediately follow his humiliation?", "answer": "Because it is the proper reward of it, Phil. 2:8, 9 - \"He humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross; wherefore God also hath highly exalted him.\""}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the consequence of Christ's exaltation with respect to himself?", "answer": "That the ignominy of the cross is thus fully wiped off, Heb. 12:2."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is the design of it with respect to us?", "answer": "\"God raised him up from the dead, and gave him glory, that our faith and hope might be in God,\" 1 Pet. 1:21."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What are the several steps of Christ's exaltation mentioned in the answer?", "answer": "They are, his rising again from the dead; his ascending up into heaven; his sitting at the right hand of God; and his coming to judge the world at the last day."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the FIRST STEP of Christ's exaltation?", "answer": "His rising again from the dead on the third day, 1 Cor. 15:4."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What day of the week did the third day fall upon?", "answer": "Upon the first day of the week, which is ever since, called the Lord's day, Rev. 1:10; and is to be observed to the end of the world, as the Christian Sabbath, Acts 20:7."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "How can the day of Christ's resurrection be called the third day, when he was not two full days in the grave before?", "answer": "It is usual in scripture to denominate the whole day from the remarkable event that happens in any hour of it: thus, Christ being crucified and buried on the evening before the Jewish Sabbath, and rising early in the morning after it, is said to rise again, \"the third day according to the scriptures,\" 1 Cor. 15:4."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "How may the truth Of Christ's resurrection be demonstrated?", "answer": "From its being prefigured and foretold, and from its being attested by unquestionable witnesses and infallible proofs, Acts 1:3."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "How was the resurrection of Christ prefigured?", "answer": "By Abraham's receiving Isaac from the dead as a figure or representation of it, Heb. 11:19."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Was his resurrection foretold in the scriptures of the Old Testament?", "answer": "The apostle Paul expressly affirms that it was, Acts 13:32-35 - \"The promise,\" says he, \"which was made unto the fathers, God hath fulfilled the same unto us their children, in that he hath raised up Jesus again; as it is also written, in the Second Psalm, Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee; and that he raised him up from the dead, he said on this wise, I will give you the sure mercies of David, (Isaiah 55:3). Wherefore he saith in another Psalm, Thou shalt not suffer thine Holy One to see corruption, (Psalm 16:10).\""}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Did not Christ foretell his own resurrection before he died?", "answer": "Yes; for he said, \"Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up,\" meaning the temple of his body, John 2:19, 21; and directed his disciples, before his death, to meet him in Galilee, after his resurrection, Matt. 26:32 - \"After I am risen, I will go before you into Galilee.\""}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "By whom was the resurrection of Christ, attested?", "answer": "By angels, by the disciples, and many others who saw him alive after he was risen."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What testimony did the angels give to his resurrection?", "answer": "They said to the women who came to the sepulchre, \"He is not here, for he is risen, as he said,\" Matt. 28:6."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How did the disciples attest the truth of his resurrection?", "answer": "They unanimously declared, that \"God raised him up the third day, and showed him openly, not to all the people, but unto the witnesses chosen before of God, even to us,\" says Peter, \"who did eat and drink with him after he rose from the dead,\" Acts 10:40, 41."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Did Christ confirm the truth of his resurrection by frequent bodily appearances after it?", "answer": "Yes; for on the very day he rose, \"he appeared first to Mary Magdalene,\" Mark 16:9; then he appeared to her in company with the other Mary, Matt. 28:1, 9; afterwards he showed himself to the two disciples going to Emmaus, Luke 24:13, 15; then to Simon Peter alone, ver. 34; and \"the same day at evening, being the first day of the week,\" he appeared to all the disciples, except Thomas, John 20:19, 24; after eight days, he appeared to all the apostles, when Thomas was with them, ver. 26; \"After these things Jesus showed himself again to his disciples, at the sea of Tiberias,\" John 21:1; then we read of his appearing to the eleven disciples on a mountain in Galilee, Matt. 28:16; at which time, it is probable, he was seen of the five hundred brethren at once, mentioned, 1 Cor. 15:6, after that he was seen of James, ver. 7; and, lastly, on the day of his ascension, he appeared to all the disciples on Mount Olivet, Acts 1:9, 12."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "For how long time did Christ show himself alive, to his disciples, after his resurrection?", "answer": "Forty days, Acts 1:3."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Why did he continue so long with them?", "answer": "That they might be fully convinced of the truth of his resurrection, by his appearing frequently in their presence, and conversing familiarly with them, Acts 10:40, 41, and that they might be instructed in the nature and government of his kingdom, chap. 1:3."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "How may we be sure, that the testimony of the disciples, who were witnesses of the resurrection of Christ, may be depended upon as an infallible proof of it?", "answer": "Because they testified of his resurrection, as a thing of which they had certain and personal knowledge, and proclaimed it in a most public and open manner, in the very place where that remarkable event happened, Acts 3:15, and that under the outward disadvantages of being imprisoned, beaten, Acts 5:18, 40, and persecuted to death itself, for publishing and defending such a doctrine, Acts 12:2, 3."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "By whose power did Christ rise from the dead?", "answer": "Although the resurrection of Christ be frequently ascribed to the Father, as in Eph. 1:20; yet, in opposition to the Socinians, and other enemies of the Deity of Christ, it is to be maintained, that he rose also by his own divine power, as is evident from Rom. 1:4."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "How may it further appear, that he rose by his own divine power?", "answer": "He expressly affirms, that he would raise up the temple of his body on the third day, John 2:19; and that he had power to lay down his life and to take it again, chap. 10:18."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "In what capacity did he rise from the dead?", "answer": "In the capacity of a public person, representing all his spiritual seed; and as having their discharge in his hand, Rom. 4:25."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What was the necessity of Christ's resurrection?", "answer": "It was necessary in respect of God, in respect of Christ himself, and in respect of us."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Why was it necessary in respect of God?", "answer": "Because, since he is the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, it was necessary that he should not be the God of a dead, but of a living Redeemer: for he is \"not the God of the dead, but of the living,\" Matt. 22:32."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Why was the resurrection of Christ necessary with respect to himself?", "answer": "Because, having fully paid the debt for which he was incarcerated, justice required that he should \"be taken from prison and from judgment,\" Isaiah 53:8; and that, since he purchased a kingdom by his death, he should rise again to possess it, Rom. 14:9."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "Why was it necessary with respect to us?", "answer": "Because, \"if Christ be not risen, our faith is vain, and we are yet in our sins,\" 1 Cor. 15:17."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "Did Christ rise with the self-same body in which he suffered?", "answer": "Yes; for, says he to Thomas, \"Reach hither thy finger, and behold my hands; and reach hither thy hand, and thrust it into my side: and be not faithless, but believing,\" John 20:27."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What remarkable circumstances accompanied the resurrection of Christ?", "answer": "It was accompanied with a great earthquake, the attendance of angels, and such terror upon the keepers, that they \"did shake, and became as dead men,\" Matt. 28:2, 4."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "In what manner did the high priest and elders vainly attempt to smother the truth of his resurrection?", "answer": "They bribed the soldiers to say, \"his disciples came by night, and stole him away, while we slept,\" Matt. 28:12, 13."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "How does the falsehood of this ill-made story appear at first sight?", "answer": "From this: that it is not to be supposed the whole company of soldiers, who guarded the sepulchre, would be all asleep at once, especially considering the great earthquake that accompanied the rolling away the stone, and the severity of the Roman military discipline, in like cases, Acts 12:18, 19; and if they were really asleep, how could they know that the disciples came and stole him away?"}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What does the doctrine of Christ's resurrection teach us?", "answer": "That he must needs be a God of peace, who \"brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus,\" Heb. 13:20; that death and the grave are unstinged and vanquished, 1 Cor. 15:55; and that his resurrection is a certain pledge and earnest of the resurrection of his members at the last day, he having \"become the first fruits of them that slept,\" ver. 20."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What is the SECOND STEP of Christ's exaltation?", "answer": "His ascending up into heaven, Psalm 68:18."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "Does not Christ's ascending up into heaven, presuppose his descending thence?", "answer": "Yes; for so argues the apostle; \"Now that he ascended, what is it but that he also descended first into the lower parts of the earth,\" Eph. 4:9."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "Did Christ, when he is said to descend, bring a human nature from heaven with him?", "answer": "By no means; for the human nature was made of a woman, on this earth, by the overshadowing power of the Holy Ghost, Luke 1:35; but his descending signifies his amazing condescension, in assuming our nature into personal union with himself, Phil. 2:6, 7."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "How is the ascension of Christ expressed in scripture?", "answer": "By his going away, John 16:7; his being \"received up into heaven,\" Mark 16:19; and his having \"entered once into the holy place,\" Heb. 9:12."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "As to which of his two natures is he properly said to ascend?", "answer": "Although Christ ascended personally into heaven, yet ascension is properly attributed to his human nature, as the divine nature is every where present, John 3:13."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "From what part of the earth did Christ ascend into heaven?", "answer": "He ascended from Mount Olivet, which was nigh to Bethany, Luke 24:50, compared with Acts 1:12."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "What is worthy of consideration in this circumstance, that he ascended from Mount Olivet?", "answer": "In the Mount of Olives was the place where his soul was exceedingly sorrowful, even unto death; and where he was in such an agony, that \"his sweat was, as it were, great drops of blood falling down to the ground,\" Luke 22:39, 44; and therefore, in that very place, his heart is made glad by a triumphant ascension into that fulness of joy, and those pleasures for evermore, that are at God's right hand, Psalm 16:11."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "Whither did Christ ascend, or to what place?", "answer": "He ascended up into heaven, Acts 1:10, 11."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "When did Christ ascend into heaven?", "answer": "When forty days after his resurrection were elapsed, Acts 1:3."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "Who were the witnesses of his ascension?", "answer": "The eleven disciples were eye witnesses of it; for, \"while they beheld, he was taken up, and a cloud received him out of their sight,\" Acts 1:9."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "What was he doing when he parted from them?", "answer": "He was blessing them, Luke 24:51 - \"And it came to pass, while he blessed them, he was parted from them, and carried up into heaven.\""}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "What was his parting word?", "answer": "\"Lo! I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world,\" Matt. 28:20."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "In what capacity did Christ ascend?", "answer": "In a public capacity, as representing his whole mystical body: hence he is called the Forerunner, who \"is, for us, entered within the veil,\" Heb. 6:20."}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "With what solemnity did he ascend?", "answer": "With the solemnity of a glorious triumph: for, having vanquished sin, Satan, hell, and death, he ascended up on high, leading captivity captive, Eph. 4:8."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "Who went in his retinue?", "answer": "Thousands of angels, sounding forth his praise, as a victorious conqueror, Psalm 68:17."}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "What evidence did he give from heaven, of the reality of his ascension?", "answer": "The extraordinary effusion of the Holy Ghost on the day of Pentecost, within a few days after it, Acts 2:1-4."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "Why was this remarkable down-pouring of the Spirit delayed till after Christ's ascension?", "answer": "That he might evidence his bounty and liberality, upon his instalment into the kingdom, by giving \"gifts unto men,\" Eph. 4:8."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "For what end did Christ ascend up into heaven?", "answer": "That he might take possession of the many mansions there, and prepare them for his people, by carrying in the merit of his oblation thither, John 14:2, 3; and likewise, that he might make continual intercession for them, Heb. 7:25."}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "What does the ascension of Christ teach us?", "answer": "That he has brought in an everlasting righteousness, because he has gone to his Father, John 16:10; and to believe that he will come again to receive us to himself that where he is, there we may be also, John 14:3."}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "What is the THIRD STEP of Christ's exaltation?", "answer": "His sitting at the right hand of God the Father, Eph. 1:20."}, {"item_id": "52", "question": "What is meant by the right hand in scripture?", "answer": "The place of the greatest honour and dignity, 1 Kings 2:19."}, {"item_id": "53", "question": "What is meant by sitting?", "answer": "It implies rest and quietness, Micah 4:4 - \"They shall sit, every man under his vine, and under his fig-tree, and none shall make them afraid:\" and likewise power and authority, Zech. 6:13 - \"He shall sit and rule upon his throne.\""}, {"item_id": "54", "question": "What then are we to understand by Christ's sitting at the right hand of God the Father?", "answer": "The quiet and peaceable possession of that matchless dignity, and fulness of power, with which he is vested, as the glorious King and Head of his church, Eph. 1:19-22."}, {"item_id": "55", "question": "For what end does he sit at the right hand of the Father?", "answer": "That he may there represent his people, and make his enemies his footstool."}, {"item_id": "56", "question": "How does it appear that he represents his people at the right hand of God?", "answer": "Because they are said to \"sit together in heavenly places in Christ Jesus,\" which can only be meant of their sitting representatively in him, as their glorious Head, Eph. 2:6."}, {"item_id": "57", "question": "How are the enemies of Christ made his footstool?", "answer": "By the triumphant victory which is obtained over them, Psalm 72:8, 9; and the extremity of shame, horror, and confusion, with which they shall be covered, Psalm 132:18."}, {"item_id": "58", "question": "When shall his enemies be made his footstool?", "answer": "He has already triumphed over them in his cross, Col. 2:15; but he will make his final conquest conspicuous to the whole world at the last day, Rev. 20:10-14."}, {"item_id": "59", "question": "How long will Christ sit at the right hand of God the Father?", "answer": "For ever and ever, Psalm 45:6 - \"Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever.\""}, {"item_id": "60", "question": "Will Christ's mediatory power and authority, at the right hand of God, be the same in the church triumphant in heaven, as it is in the church militant on earth?", "answer": "It will be the same as to the essence or substance of it, but different as to the manner of its administration."}, {"item_id": "61", "question": "In what consists the essence of Christ's mediatory power and authority in heaven?", "answer": "In the relation in which he stands to the members of his body: he will continue for ever to be the King, Head, and Husband of the church triumphant, the fountain of all blessing and happiness to them, and the bond of their perpetual fellowship and communion with God, Psalm 48:14; Hos. 2:19; Rev. 7:17."}, {"item_id": "62", "question": "What is the difference between the manner of the administration of his mediatory power here and hereafter?", "answer": "The administration of his kingdom on this earth, is, by the ministry of the word, the dispensation of the sacraments, and the exercise of ecclesiastical government and discipline: but in heaven, there will be no use for any of these, Rev. 21:22 - \"I saw no temple therein: for the Lord God Almighty, and the Lamb, are the temple of it.\""}, {"item_id": "63", "question": "What is meant then by Christ's delivering \"up the kingdom to God, even the Father?\" 1 Cor. 15:24.", "answer": "The meaning is, Christ having completed the salvation of his church, will present all and every one of them to his \"Father, not having spot or wrinkle, or any such thing,\" Eph. 5:27, saying, \"Behold! I, and the children which God hath given me,\" Heb. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "64", "question": "What is meant by Christ's putting down all rule, and all authority, and power, in the above passage, 1 Cor. 15:24?", "answer": "The meaning is, he will have no occasion to exercise his power and authority, in such sort as he did before; as there will be no more elect to save, and no more enemies to conquer, Rev. 19:8-20."}, {"item_id": "65", "question": "In what sense will the \"Son also himself be subject to him that put all things under him\" as it is said, ver. 28?", "answer": "The Son, as Mediator, being the Father's servant in the great work of redemption, Isaiah 42:1, shall then be \"subject to him that put all things under him,\" in so far, as having finished his mediatorial service, in bringing all the elect to glory, he will render up his commission, as his Father's delegate, not to be executed any more, in the former manner, as ruling over his church in the midst of enemies; for he must reign, till he hath put all his enemies under his feet, 1 Cor. 15:25; Heb 10:13."}, {"item_id": "66", "question": "In what respect is it said, that God shall then be all in all?", "answer": "The glory of the Three-one God, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, will then be most clearly displayed, and no more a seeing \"through a glass darkly, but face to face,\" 1 Cor. 13:12, and a seeing him as he is, 1 John 3:2."}, {"item_id": "67", "question": "What may we learn from Christ's sitting at the right hand of God?", "answer": "That we ought to \"seek those things which are above,\" where Christ is; and to \"set our affections on things above, not on things on the earth,\" Col. 3:1, 2."}, {"item_id": "68", "question": "What is the FOURTH STEP of Christ's exaltation?", "answer": "His coming to judge the world at the last day, Rev. 1:7; John 12:48."}, {"item_id": "69", "question": "How do you prove that there will be a general judgment?", "answer": "The scripture expressly asserts it; and the justice and goodness of God necessarily require it."}, {"item_id": "70", "question": "Where is it expressly asserted in scripture?", "answer": "In many places; particularly Acts 17:31 - \"He hath appointed a day in the which he will judge the world in righteousness, by that man whom he hath ordained,\" &c. See also 2 Cor. 5:10; Jude, ver. 6; Rev. 20:11-13."}, {"item_id": "71", "question": "Why do the justice and goodness of God require a judgment?", "answer": "Because they necessarily require that it be well with the righteous and ill with the wicked; that every man be rewarded according to his works, which not being done in this life, there must be a judgment to come: \"Seeing it is a righteous thing with God to recompense tribulation to them that trouble you; and to you who are troubled, rest with us, when the Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven,\" 2 Thess. 1:6, 7."}, {"item_id": "72", "question": "Who is to be the Judge?", "answer": "The Son of man, the man Christ Jesus, Matt. 25:31; Rom. 14:10."}, {"item_id": "73", "question": "How will Christ, as God-man, be Judge, when it is said, (Psalm 50:6) that God is Judge himself?", "answer": "The Three-one God, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, is Judge, in respect of judiciary authority, dominion, and power; but Christ, as God-man, Mediator, is the Judge, in respect of dispensation and special exercise of that power, John 5:22 - \"The Father hath committed all judgment unto the Son.\""}, {"item_id": "74", "question": "Why is the judgment of the world committed to Christ as mediator?", "answer": "Because it is a part of that exaltation, which is conferred upon him, in consequence of his voluntary humiliation, Phil. 2:8-10."}, {"item_id": "75", "question": "When will Christ come to judge the world?", "answer": "At the last day, John 6:39, 40."}, {"item_id": "76", "question": "Why is it called the last day?", "answer": "Because, after it time shall be no more; there will be no more a succession of days and nights, but one perpetual day of light, comfort, and joy, to the righteous, Rev. 21:23; and one perpetual night of utter darkness, misery, and wo, unto the wicked, Matt. 25:30."}, {"item_id": "77", "question": "In what manner will Christ come to judge the world?", "answer": "In a most splendid and glorious manner: \"for he will come in the clouds of heaven, with power and great glory,\" Matt. 24:30; \"In the glory of his Father, with the holy angels,\" Mark 8:38."}, {"item_id": "78", "question": "Will the world be looking for him when he comes to judgment?", "answer": "No; his coming will be a fearful surprise to the world; for \"the day of the Lord shall come as a thief in the night,\" 2 Pet. 3:10. See also Luke 17:26-31."}, {"item_id": "79", "question": "What is the difference between his first and second coming?", "answer": "In his first coming, \"he was made sin for us, though he knew no sin,\" 2 Cor. 5:21; but \"he shall appear the second time without sin unto salvation,\" Heb. 9:28."}, {"item_id": "80", "question": "Is the precise time of his second coming known to men or angels?", "answer": "No; it is fixed in the counsel of God, but not revealed to us, Mark 13:32."}, {"item_id": "81", "question": "What will be the forerunner of his second coming?", "answer": "The preaching of the gospel to all nations, Matt. 24:14; the downfall of Antichrist, Rev. 18:21; the conversion of the Jews, Rev. 16:12; and yet, after all, a general decay of religion, and great security, Luke 18:8."}, {"item_id": "82", "question": "What are the qualities of the Judge?", "answer": "He will be a visible Judge, \"every eye shall see him,\" Rev. 1:7; an omniscient Judge, \"all things will be naked and opened unto his eyes,\" Heb. 4:13; a most just and righteous Judge, 2 Tim. 4:8; and an omnipotent Judge, able to put his sentence into execution, Rev. 6:17."}, {"item_id": "83", "question": "Who are the parties that shall appear?", "answer": "All mankind, called all nations, Matt. 25:32; and likewise, \"the angels which kept not their first estate,\" Jude, verse 6."}, {"item_id": "84", "question": "What summons will be given to the parties?", "answer": "\"The voice of the archangel and the trump of God,\" 1 Thess. 4:16."}, {"item_id": "85", "question": "Will any of them be able to contemn the summons?", "answer": "By no means: \"all shall stand before the judgment seat of Christ; and every one shall give account of himself to God,\" Rom. 14:10, 12."}, {"item_id": "86", "question": "Where will be his throne of judgment?", "answer": "In the clouds, or aerial heavens; for we read of being \"caught up in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air,\" 1 Thess. 4:17."}, {"item_id": "87", "question": "By whom shall all mankind, great and small, be gathered to the bar of the Judge?", "answer": "By the angels, who shall gather together all the elect, Mark 13:27, and likewise the reprobate, Matt. 13:41."}, {"item_id": "88", "question": "Will the elect and reprobate stand together, in one assembly, to be judged?", "answer": "No; they shall be \"separated one from another, as a shepherd divideth the sheep from the goats,\" Matt. 25:32."}, {"item_id": "89", "question": "How will they be assorted and separated, the one from the other?", "answer": "The elect, who are called the sheep, being \"caught up together in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air,\" 1 Thess. 4:17, shall be set on his right hand; and the reprobate, being the goats, are left on the earth, (Matt. 24:40,) upon the Judge's left hand, Matt. 25:33."}, {"item_id": "90", "question": "What kind of a separation will this be?", "answer": "It will be a total and final separation, never to meet or be fixed with one another any more, Matt. 25:46."}, {"item_id": "91", "question": "Will any man be a mere spectator of these two opposite companies?", "answer": "No,:surely: every man and woman must take their place in one of the two; and shall share with the company, whatever hand it be upon, Matt. 25:33."}, {"item_id": "92", "question": "What will be the subject matter of the trial?", "answer": "Men's works, \"for God shall bring every work into judgment,\" &c., Eccl. 12:14; their words, \"every idle word that men speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment,\" Matt. 12:36; and their thoughts, for he \"will make manifest the counsels of the heart,\" 1 Cor. 4:5."}, {"item_id": "93", "question": "Why are books said to be opened at this solemn trial? Rev. 20:12.", "answer": "Not to prevent mistakes in any point of law or fact for the Judge has an infallible knowledge of all things, but to show that his proceeding is most accurate, just, and well-grounded in every step of it, Gen. 18:25."}, {"item_id": "94", "question": "What are these books that shall be opened, and men \"judged out of these things, which are written in the books?\"", "answer": "The book of God's remembrance, Mal. 3:16; the book of conscience, Rom. 2:15; the book of the law, Gal. 3:10; and the book of life, Rev. 20:12."}, {"item_id": "95", "question": "What is the book of God's remembrance?", "answer": "It is the same with his omniscience, by which he knows exactly every man's state, thoughts, words, and deeds, whether good or bad, John 21:17 - \"Lord, thou knowest all things.\""}, {"item_id": "96", "question": "For what will this book serve?", "answer": "It will serve for an indictment against the ungodly: but with respect to the saints, it will be a memorial of all the good they have ever done, Matt. 25:35-41."}, {"item_id": "97", "question": "What kind of a book is that of conscience?", "answer": "It is just a duplicate of God's book of remembrance, so far as it relates to ones own state and case, Rom. 2:15."}, {"item_id": "98", "question": "What is the book of the law?", "answer": "It is the standard and rule of right and wrong, Rom. 7:7; and likewise of the sentence that shall be passed upon those who are under it, Gal. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "99", "question": "Why will this book be opened?", "answer": "That all on the left hand may read their sentence in it, before it be pronounced, Ezek. 18:4."}, {"item_id": "100", "question": "By what law will the heathens be judged?", "answer": "By the natural law, or the light of nature, which shows that \"they who commit such things (as they shall be convicted of) are worthy of death,\" Rom. 1:32."}, {"item_id": "101", "question": "By what law will Jews and Christians be judged?", "answer": "By the [written] law, Rom. 2:12 - \"As many as have sinned in the law,\" - that is, under the written law, - \"shall be judged by the written law.\""}, {"item_id": "102", "question": "Whether will Christians or Heathens be most inexcusable?", "answer": "Beyond all doubt, it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon and other heathen countries, at the day of judgment, than for those who enjoyed the light of the gospel, and despised it, Matt. 11:22, 24."}, {"item_id": "103", "question": "Will the book of the law be opened for the sentence of the saints?", "answer": "No; for being, in this life, brought under a new covenant, they are no more \"under the law, but under grace,\" Rom. 6:14; and therefore another book must be opened for their sentence."}, {"item_id": "104", "question": "What is that other book out of which the saints shall be judged?", "answer": "It is the book of life, Rev. 20:12."}, {"item_id": "105", "question": "What is registered in this book?", "answer": "The names of all the elect, Luke 10:20 - \"Your names are written in heaven,\" Rev. 3:5 - \"I will not blot his name out of the book of life.\""}, {"item_id": "106", "question": "Why is it called the book of life?", "answer": "Because it contains God's gracious and unchangeable purpose, to bring all the elect to salvation, or eternal life, \"through sanctification of the Spirit, and belief of the truth,\" 2 Thess. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "107", "question": "In whose hands is the book lodged?", "answer": "In the hands of the Mediator, Christ Jesus, Deut. 33:3 - \"All his saints are in thy hand.\""}, {"item_id": "108", "question": "What is the ground of the saints' acquittal, according to this book?", "answer": "The book of life being opened, it will be known to all who are elected, and who not: Christ will, as it were, read out every man's and woman's name recorded in this book, Rev. 3:5 - \"I will confess his name before my Father, and before his angels.\""}, {"item_id": "109", "question": "Whether will the cause of the righteous or the wicked be first discussed?", "answer": "As \"the dead in Christ shall rise first,\" (1 Thess. 4:16,) so it appears from Matt. 25:34, and 41, compared, that the judgment of the saints, on the right hand, will have the preference."}, {"item_id": "110", "question": "What is the blessed sentence that shall be pronounced upon the saints?", "answer": "\"Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world,\" Matt. 25:34."}, {"item_id": "111", "question": "For what reason will this sentence be pronounced first?", "answer": "Because the saints are to sit in judgment, as Christ's assessors, against wicked men and apostate angels, 1 Cor. 6:3, 4."}, {"item_id": "112", "question": "Upon what footing or foundation will this sentence pass?", "answer": "Upon the footing of free grace alone, reigning through the imputed righteousness of the Surety, unto eternal life, Rom. 5:21."}, {"item_id": "113", "question": "Is it not said, Rev. 20:13, that they are \"judged every man according to their works?\"", "answer": "The sentence passes upon the saints, ACCORDING to their works, as flowing from a heart renewed and sanctified; but neither for their works, nor for their faith, as if eternal life were in any way merited by them, Gal. 3:18; for the kingdom is said to be prepared for them, they inherit it as children, Rom. 8:17; but do not procure it to themselves, as servants do their wages, Col. 4:1."}, {"item_id": "114", "question": "Are not good works mentioned as the ground of the sentence, Matt. 25:35, 36 - \"I was a hungered, and ye gave me meat\" &c.?", "answer": "These good works are mentioned, not as grounds of their sentence, but as evidences of their union with Christ, and of their right and title to heaven in him, John 15:5, 8; even as the apostle says in another case, of the unbelieving Jews, 1 Cor. 10:5 - \"With many of them God was not well pleased; for they were overthrown in the wilderness:\" their overthrow in the wilderness, was not the ground of God's displeasure with them, but the evidence of it."}, {"item_id": "115", "question": "Will there be any mention made of the sins of the righteous?", "answer": "It appears not; \"In that time, the iniquity of Israel shall be sought for, and there shall be none: and the sins of Judah, and they shall not be found,\" Jer. 5:20. \"Who shall lay any thing to the charge of God's elect? It is God that justifieth,\" &c. Rom. 8:33, 34."}, {"item_id": "116", "question": "What will follow upon the saints' receiving their sentence of absolution?", "answer": "They \"shall judge the world,\" 1 Cor. 6:2."}, {"item_id": "117", "question": "In what way and manner shall they judge the world?", "answer": "As assessors to Christ the Judge, assenting to his judgment as just, Rev. 19:2, and saying Amen to the doom pronounced against all the ungodly, Psalm 149:6-9."}, {"item_id": "118", "question": "What will be the sentence of damnation that shall pass upon the ungodly?", "answer": "\"Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels,\" Matt. 25:41."}, {"item_id": "119", "question": "How is the misery of the wicked aggravated, by the pronouncing of this sentence?", "answer": "In as much as they are damned by him who came to save sinners, Heb. 2:3, and must undergo the wrath of the Lamb, from which they can make no escape, Rev. 6:16, 17."}, {"item_id": "120", "question": "Is there any injury or wrong done them by this sentence?", "answer": "By no means: for, says our Lord, \"I was a hungered, and ye gave me no meat,\" &c. Matt. 25:42, 43."}, {"item_id": "121", "question": "Are these evils no more than evidences of their accursed state?", "answer": "They are not only evidences of their ungodly state, but they are the proper causes and grounds of their condemnation: for, though good works do not merit salvation, yet evil works merit damnation, Rom. 6:23 - \"The wages of sin is death.\""}, {"item_id": "122", "question": "Why are only sins of omission mentioned in the above passage?", "answer": "To show, that if men shall be condemned for sins of omission, James 2:13, much more for those of commission, Rom. 2:23, 24."}, {"item_id": "123", "question": "What will follow upon the sentence of condemnation against the wicked?", "answer": "The immediate execution of it, without the least reprieve or delay, Matt. 22:13."}, {"item_id": "124", "question": "Will the devils also be judged?", "answer": "Yes; they are \"reserved unto the judgment of the great day,\" Jude v. 6."}, {"item_id": "125", "question": "How can they be said to be reserved unto the judgment of that day, when they are condemned already?", "answer": "Though, from the first moment of their sinning, they were actually under the wrath of God, and ever since carry their hell about with them, yet their final sentence to further judgment is reserved for that day, 2 Pet. 2:4."}, {"item_id": "126", "question": "What is the final sentence, or further judgment, to which they are reserved?", "answer": "It will be a most dreadful addition, and accession to their present torments, not only by the holy triumph which the saints shall have over them, as vile, vanquished, and contemptible enemies; but likewise, by the eternal restraint that shall be laid upon them, from hurting the elect any more; and that, by their being shut up, and closely confined in the prison of hell, under the utmost extremity of anguish and horror for ever and ever, Rev. 20:10."}, {"item_id": "127", "question": "Who will keep the field on that day?", "answer": "Christ and his glorious company: they shall see the backs of all their enemies, for the DAMNED shall go off first; as seems to be intimated in the order mentioned, Matt. 25:46 - \"These shall go away into everlasting punishment, but the righteous into life eternal.\""}, {"item_id": "128", "question": "What improvement ought we to make of Christ's coming to judge the world at the last day?", "answer": "To be diligent that we be \"found of him in peace at that day,\" 2 Pet. 3:14, by closing with him in the offer of the gospel now: to be \"looking for, and hasting unto the coming of the day of God,\" ver. 12, having our \"loins girded about, and our lights burning,\" Luke 12:35; that so, when he comes, whether at death or judgment, we may be able to say, with joy, \"Lo! This is our God, we have waited for him,\" Isaiah 25:9."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "29", "sort_key": 29, "question": "How are we made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ?", "answer": "We are made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ, by the effectual application of it to us by his Holy Spirit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What may we understand by redemption in this answer?", "answer": "The whole of that salvation which is revealed and exhibited in the gospel, Psalm 130:7, 8."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Why is redemption said to be purchased?", "answer": "Because having brought ourselves into a state of bondage and servitude, Gal. 4:24, we could not be ransomed, but at a great price, 1 Cor. 6:20."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What was the price of our redemption?", "answer": "The precious blood of Christ, 1 Pet. 1:19."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is it to be partakers of this redemption?", "answer": "It is to have a share in it, or to be entered upon the begun possession of it, 1 Cor. 10:17."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Can we make ourselves partakers of redemption?", "answer": "No; we must be made partakers of it, Heb. 3:14 - \"We are made partakers of Christ,\" &c."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Why cannot we make ourselves partakers of it?", "answer": "Because we are altogether without strength, Rom. 5:6; and utterly averse to all spiritual good, John 5:40."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "How then are we made partakers of redemption?", "answer": "By the application of it to us."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is meant by the application of redemption to us?", "answer": "The conferring all the benefits of it upon us, and making them our own, by way of free gift, John 10:28 - \"I give unto them eternal life.\""}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "How was the application of redemption typified under the Old Testament?", "answer": "By sprinkling the blood of the sacrifice upon the people, Ex. 24:8."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Does not the application of redemption presuppose the purchase of it?", "answer": "Yes; if it were not first purchased, it could never be applied, Job 33:24."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "How then could it be applied to the Old Testament saints, when it was not then actually purchased?", "answer": "It was applied upon the credit of the bond, which the Surety gave from eternity, of making a meritorious purchase in the fulness of time, Proverbs 8:23, 31."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Can the purchase of redemption avail us, if it is not applied?", "answer": "No more than meat can feed, clothes warm, or medicines heal us, if they are not used, John 1:12."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "When may the application of redemption be said to be effectual?", "answer": "When it produces the saving effects for which it is designed."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What are these saving effects?", "answer": "The opening of the eyes of sinners, and \"turning them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan to God,\" Acts 26:18."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "If the application of redemption be effectual, what need is there of any after endeavours, to grow in grace and holiness?", "answer": "The giving us all things that pertain to life and godliness is the greatest encouragement and excitement to add to our faith, virtue, &c.; that is, to use all suitable endeavours, in the strength of grace, after spiritual growth, 2 Pet. 1:3, 5."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Is there any application of redemption that is not effectual?", "answer": "Yes; there is an outward application of it in baptism, which is not, of itself, effectual, as is evident in the instance of Simon Magus, who was baptised, and yet remained in the \"gall of bitterness, and in the bond of iniquity,\" Acts 8:13, 23."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "By whom is the redemption purchased by Christ effectually applied?", "answer": "By his Holy Spirit, Titus 3:5, 6."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Why is the application of redemption ascribed to the Spirit?", "answer": "To show that each of the three persons, in the adorable Trinity, is equally hearty and cordial in the work of man's redemption; the FATHER in ordaining, the SON in purchasing, and the SPIRIT in applying it, John 6:57, 63."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Why is the Spirit, in this work, called the Holy Spirit?", "answer": "Because, as he is essentially holy, Psalm 51:11; so he is holy in all his works and operations, Rom. 15:16."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Why is redemption said to be applied by the Spirit of Christ, or His Holy Spirit?", "answer": "Because the Spirit is sent for this work more immediately by Christ, and through his mediation, John 14:16, as the leading fruit of his purchase, John 16:7."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What is the difference between the purchase of redemption and the application of it?", "answer": "The purchase of redemption is a work done without us, Isaiah 63:3; but the application of it takes place within us, Rom. 8:16."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "To whom is redemption effectually applied by the Spirit?", "answer": "\"To all those for whom Christ has purchased it,\" John 10:15, 16,36 and to none else."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "\"Can they who have never heard the gospel, and so know not Jesus Christ, nor believe in him, be saved by their living according to the light of nature?\"", "answer": "\"They - cannot be saved, John 8:24, be they ever so diligent to frame their lives according to the light of nature, 1 Cor. 1:20, 21, or the laws of that religion which they profess, John 4:22; neither is there salvation in any other but in Christ alone, Acts 4:12, who is the Saviour only of his body the Church, Eph. 5:23.\"37"}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What means does the Spirit make use of in the application of redemption?", "answer": "The Spirit of God makes use of the reading, 2 Tim. 3:15, 16, but especially the preaching of the word, for this end, Rom. 10:17."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Are these means of themselves effectual?", "answer": "Not without the power and efficacy of the Spirit accompanying them, 1 Thess. 1:5."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What is incumbent on us, in way of duty, that the redemption, purchased by Christ, may be effectually applied to us?", "answer": "To search for the knowledge of Christ as for hid treasure, Proverbs 2:4, and to pray for the Spirit to testify of Christ, John 15:26, in the faith of his own promise: \"He shall glorify me; for he shall receive of mine, and shall show it unto you,\" John 16:14."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "30", "sort_key": 30, "question": "How does the Spirit apply to us the redemption purchased by Christ?", "answer": "The Spirit applies to us the redemption purchased by Christ, by working faith in us, and thereby uniting us to Christ, in our effectual calling.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the special work of the Spirit in the application of redemption?", "answer": "It is the uniting us to Christ, Rom. 8:9, 11."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Can we have no share in the redemption purchased by Christ, without union to his person?", "answer": "No; because all purchased blessings are lodged in his person, John 3:35, and go along with it, 1 John 5:12."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is it to be united to his person?", "answer": "It :s to be joined to, or made one with him, 1 Cor. 6:17."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Is it then a personal union?", "answer": "No; it is indeed a union of persons, but not a personal union: believers make not one person with Christ, but one body mystical, of which he is the head, 1 Cor. 12:12, 27."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How can we be united to Christ, seeing he is in heaven, and we on earth?", "answer": "Although the human nature of Christ be in heaven, yet his person is every where, Matt. 28:20."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Where can he be found on earth, in order to our being united to him?", "answer": "In the WORD, which is nigh to us, and Christ in it, Rom. 10:8, 9."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "By what means are we united to Christ as brought nigh in the word?", "answer": "By means of faith or believing, Eph. 3:17 - \"That Christ may dwell in your hearts by faith.\""}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Is it the indispensable duty of all who hear the word, to believe on Christ, or come to him by faith?", "answer": "It certainly is; for, \"This is his commandment, that we should believe on the name of his Son Jesus Christ,\" 1 John 3:23."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Are any that hear the word able to believe of themselves?", "answer": "No; faith is \"not of ourselves, it is the gift of God,\" Eph. 2:8."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "How then come we by faith?", "answer": "By the Spirit's working it in us: and therefore called the Spirit of faith, 2 Cor. 4:13, because he is the principal and efficient cause of it."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Why can no less a worker than the Spirit of God produce this faith?", "answer": "Because it is a work that requires almighty power, even the same power which was wrought in Christ, when he was raised from the dead, Eph. 1:19, 20."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the end, or design, of the Spirit in working faith in us?", "answer": "It is the uniting us to Christ, Eph. 3:17."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "To whom are sinners united before union with Christ?", "answer": "To the first Adam, Rom. 5:12."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "By what bond are they united to the first Adam?", "answer": "By the bond of the covenant of works, by which Adam, who was the natural root of his posterity, became their moral root also, bearing them as their representative in that covenant, Rom. 5:19."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How is this union dissolved?", "answer": "By being \"married to another, even to him who is raised from the dead,\" Rom. 7:4."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Is Christ united to us before we become united to him?", "answer": "The union is mutual, but it begins first on his side, 1 John 4:19."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How does it begin first on his side?", "answer": "By unition, which is before union."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What do you understand by unition38?", "answer": "It is the Spirit of Christ uniting himself first to us, according to the promise, \"I will put my Spirit within you,\" Ezek. 36:27."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "How does the Spirit of Christ unite himself first to us?", "answer": "By coming into the soul, at the happy moment appointed for the spiritual marriage with Christ, and quickening it, so that it is no more morally dead, but alive, having new spiritual powers put into it, Eph. 2:5 - \"Even when we were dead in sins, he hath quickened us.\""}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Is the Spirit of Christ, upon his first entrance, actively or passively received?", "answer": "The soul, morally dead in sin, can be no more than a mere passive recipient, Ezek. 37:14 - \"And shall put my Spirit in you, and ye shall live.\""}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What is the immediate effect of quickening the dead soul, by the Spirit of Christ passively received?", "answer": "The immediate effect of it is actual believing: Christ being come in by his Spirit, the dead soul is thereby quickened, and the immediate effect of this is, the embracing him by faith, by which the union is completed, John 5:25."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What are the nature and properties of this union?", "answer": "It is a spiritual, mysterious, real, intimate, and indissoluble union."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "In what respect is it a spiritual union?", "answer": "In as much as the one Spirit of God dwells in the head and in the members, Rom. 8:9."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Why is it called mystical, or mysterious, Eph. 5:32?", "answer": "Because it is full of mysteries; Christ in the believer, John 17:23; living in him, Gal. 2:20; walking in him, 2 Cor. 6:16; and the believer \"dwelling in God,\" 1 John 4:16; \"putting on Christ,\" Gal. 3:27; \"eating his flesh, and drinking his blood,\" John 6:56."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Why is it called a real union?", "answer": "Because believers are as really united to Christ, as the members of the natural body are to their head; \"For we are members of his body, of his flesh, and of his bones,\" Eph. 5:30."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "How intimate is this union?", "answer": "It is so intimate, that believers are said to be one in the Father and the Son, as the Father is in Christ, and Christ in the Father, John 17:21 - \"That they all may be one, as thou, Father, art in me, and I in thee; that they also may be one in us.\""}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "Can this union ever be dissolved?", "answer": "By no means: \"Neither death, nor life, &c., shall be able to separate us from the love of God which is in Christ Jesus our Lord,\" Rom. 8:38, 39."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "Is it a legal union that is between Christ and believers?", "answer": "Though not a mere legal union, yet it is a union sustained in law, in so far, as that upon the union taking place, what Christ did and suffered for them, is reckoned in law as if they had done and suffered it themselves: hence they are said to be \"crucified with Christ,\" Gal. 2:20; to be \"buried with him,\" Col. 2:12; and to be \"raised up together,\" Eph. 2:6."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What are the bonds of this union?", "answer": "The Spirit on Christ's part, 1 John 3:24, and faith on ours, Eph. 3:17."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Is it the Spirit on Christ's part, or faith on ours, that unites the sinner to Christ?", "answer": "They both concur in their order: Christ first apprehends the sinner by his Spirit, 1 Cor. 12:13; and the sinner thus apprehended, apprehends Christ by faith, Phil. 3:12."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "How may persons know if they are apprehended of Christ?", "answer": "If he has engaged their love and esteem, and dissolved the regard they had to other things that came in competition with him, 1 Pet. 2:7."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "Are the bonds of this union inviolable?", "answer": "Yes; \"I give unto them,\" says Christ, \"eternal life, and they shall never perish; neither shall any pluck them out of my hand,\" John 10:28."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "What makes the Spirit an inviolable bond of union?", "answer": "Because he never departs from that soul into which he enters, but abides there for ever, John 14:16."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "How can faith be an inviolable bond of union, when it is subject to failing?", "answer": "Although the actings of faith may sometimes fail, yet neither the habit nor the exercise ever shall, in time of need, and that because of the prevalency of Christ's intercession, Luke 22:32 - \"I have prayed for thee, that thy faith fail not.\""}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "Are the bodies of the saints united to Christ, at the same time that their souls are?", "answer": "Yes; their bodies are made \"members of Christ, and temples of the Holy Ghost which is in them,\" 1 Cor. 6:15, 19."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "Whether is it sinners or saints, that are united to Christ?", "answer": "In the very moment of the union, sinners are made saints, 1 Cor. 6:11."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "To what is this union compared in scripture?", "answer": "To the union between husband and wife, Rom. 7:4; head and members, Col. 1:18; root and branches, John 15:5; foundation and superstructure, 1 Pet. 2:5, 6."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "What are believers entitled to by their union with Christ?", "answer": "To himself, and all the blessings of his purchase, 1 Cor. 3:22, 23."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "When does the Spirit work faith in us, and thereby unite us to Christ?", "answer": "He does it in our effectual calling, 1 Cor. 1:9.39"}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "What improvement ought both saints and sinners to make of the doctrine of union with Christ?", "answer": "SAINTS ought to evidence that Christ is in them, by endeavouring that his image shine forth in their conversation, studying to \"walk worthy of the Lord unto all pleasing,\" Col. 1:10; and SINNERS ought to seek after this happy relation to Christ, while he is yet standing at their door and knocking, Rev. 3:20; and while the gates of the city of refuge are not yet closed, Zech. 9:12."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "31", "sort_key": 31, "question": "What is effectual calling?", "answer": "Effectual calling is the work of God's Spirit, whereby, convincing us of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, he doth persuade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ, freely offered to us in the gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Why is effectual calling termed a work?", "answer": "Because it is effected by various operations or workings of the Spirit of God upon the soul, therefore called \"the seven Spirits which are before his throne,\" Rev. 1:4."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Why is it called a work of God's Spirit?", "answer": "Because it relates to the application of redemption, which is the special work of God's Spirit, John 16:14:- \"He,\" says Christ of the Spirit, \"shall receive of mine, and shall show it unto you.\""}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How manifold is the divine calling?", "answer": "Twofold: outward, by the word; and inward, by the Spirit."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is the outward call by the word?", "answer": "It is the free and unlimited invitation given, in the dispensation of the gospel, to all the hearers of it, to receive Christ, and salvation with him, Isaiah 55:1; Rev. 22:17."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is the inward call by the Spirit?", "answer": "It is the Spirit's accompanying the outward call with power and efficacy upon the soul, John 6:45."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Which of these is effectual in bringing sinners to Christ?", "answer": "The inward call, by the Spirit: \"for it is the Spirit that quickeneth,\" John 6:63; the outward call, by the word, is of itself ineffectual; \"for many are called, but few are chosen,\" Matt. 22:14."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is meant by few being chosen?", "answer": "That few are determined effectually to embrace the call; and therefore termed a little flock, Luke 12:32."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the main or leading work of the Spirit in effectual calling?", "answer": "It is that by which he doth persuade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ freely offered to us in the gospel, Phil. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is it to embrace Christ?", "answer": "It is, like Simeon, to clasp him in the arms of faith, with complacency and delight; Luke 2:28."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Where is it that faith embraces him?", "answer": "In the promises of the gospel, Heb. 11:13."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the gospel?", "answer": "It is good news, or glad tidings of life and salvation to lost sinners of mankind, through a \"Saviour, who is Christ the Lord,\" Luke 2:10, 11."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What warrant has faith to embrace him in the promise of the gospel?", "answer": "His Father's gift, John 3:16, and his own offer of himself in it, Isaiah 45:22."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Can there be an embracing, or receiving, without a previous giving?", "answer": "\"A man can receive\" - margin, take unto himself - \"nothing, except it be given him from heaven,\" John 3:27."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the faith of the gospel offer?", "answer": "It is a believing that Jesus Christ, with his righteousness, and all his salvation is, by himself, offered to sinners, and to each of them in particular, Proverbs 8:4; John 7:37."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "When is the word of the gospel-offer savingly believed?", "answer": "When it is powerfully applied by the Holy Spirit to the soul in particular, as the word and voice of Christ himself, and not of men, 1 Thess. 1:5, and 2:13."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "How can we believe it is the voice of Christ himself in the offer, when Christ is now in heaven, and we hear no voice from thence?", "answer": "The:voice of Christ in his written word, is more sure than a voice from heaven itself, 2 Pet. 1:18, 19; and it is this voice of Christ in the word, that is the stated ground of faith, Rom. 1:16, 17."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How is Christ offered in the gospel?", "answer": "Freely, as well as fully, Rev. 22:17."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "To whom is he offered?", "answer": "To us sinners of mankind, as such, Proverbs 8:4."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Have we any natural inclination to embrace the gospel-offer?", "answer": "No; the Spirit doth persuade us to it, 2 Cor. 5:11."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Will moral suasion, or arguments taken from the promises and threatenings of the word, persuade any to embrace Christ?", "answer": "No; the enticing words of man's wisdom will not do; nothing less is sufficient, than the demonstration of the Spirit, that so our faith may not \"stand in the wisdom of men, but in the power of God,\" 1 Cor. 2:4, 5."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Have we any ability of our own to believe in Christ, or to embrace him?", "answer": "No; the Spirit of faith doth enable us to do it, 2 Cor. 4:13."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "By what means does the Spirit persuade and enable us to embrace Christ?", "answer": "By convincing us of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What is the object of the convincing work of the Spirit; or of what does he convince us?", "answer": "Of our sin and misery, Acts 2:37."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Of what sin does the Spirit convince us?", "answer": "Both of original and actual sin, Mark 7:21, particularly of unbelief, John 16:9."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Of what misery does he convince us?", "answer": "Of the misery of losing communion with God, 2 Cor. 6:14, 15; and being under his wrath and curse, in time, and through eternity, Isaiah 33:14."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "How does the Spirit convince us of sin and misery?", "answer": "By the law, Rom. 3:20 - \"By the law is the knowledge of sin.\""}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What knowledge of sin have we by the law?", "answer": "By the precept of the law, we have the knowledge of the evil nature of sin, Rom. 7:7, and by the threatening, the knowledge of the guilt and desert of it, Gal. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "In what capacity does the Spirit convince us of sin by the law?", "answer": "As a spirit of bondage working fear, Rom. 8:15."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "Have all had an equal measure of this kind of conviction, who have been persuaded to embrace Christ?", "answer": "No; some have had more, and some less, as in the instances of Paul and Lydia, Acts 9:6, 9, compared with chap. 16:14."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "What measure of conviction by the law, is requisite for such as are come to full ripeness of age?", "answer": "Such a measure as to let them see, that they are sinners by nature, both in heart and life; that they are lost and undone under the curse of the law, and wrath of God; and that they are utterly incapable of recovering themselves, as being legally and spiritually dead, Rom. 7:9."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "Why is such a measure as this, of legal conviction, requisite in the adult?", "answer": "Because, otherwise, they would never see the need they stand in of Christ as a Saviour, either from sin or wrath, Matt. 9:12, 13."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "Is this measure of conviction necessary as a condition of our welcome to Christ, or as a qualification fitting us to believe on him?", "answer": "No; but merely as a motive, to excite us to make use of our privilege of free access to him, Hos. 14:1 - \"O Israel, return unto the Lord thy God; for thou hast fallen by thine iniquity.\""}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "Have not some been under deep legal convictions, and yet never effectually called?", "answer": "Yes; Judas went to hell under a load of this kind of conviction, Matt. 27:3-5."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "Is not the enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, a means of persuading and enabling us to embrace him?", "answer": "Yes; for, \"how can they believe in him of whom they have not heard?\" Rom. 10:14."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What is the subject of the Spirit's enlightening?", "answer": "Our minds or understandings, which are the eyes of the soul, Eph. 1:18 - \"The eyes of your understanding being enlightened,\" &c."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "What is the object of this enlightening, or in what are we enlightened?", "answer": "It is in the knowledge of Christ, Phil. 3:8."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "Who is the author of saving illumination in the knowledge of Christ?", "answer": "The Holy Spirit, who is therefore called, \"the Spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him,\" Eph. 1:17."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "In what condition is the mind, before it is enlightened by the Spirit?", "answer": "In gross darkness and ignorance, as to the \"things of the Spirit of God,\" 1 Cor. 2:14; Eph. 5:8."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "What is it in Christ that the Spirit enlightens the mind in the knowledge of?", "answer": "In the knowledge of his person, righteousness, offices, fulness, &c. John 15:26, says Christ of the Spirit, \"He shall testify of me.\""}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "What are the distinguishing properties of saving illumination?", "answer": "It is of an humbling, Job. 42:5, 6, sanctifying, John 17:17, transforming, 2 Cor. 3:18, and growing nature, Hos. 6:3."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "What is the necessity of this illumination, in order to the embracing of Christ?", "answer": "Because, without it, there can be no discerning of his matchless excellency, inexhaustible sufficiency, and universal suitableness, the saving knowledge of which is necessary to the comfortable embracing of him, Psalm 9:10 - \"They that know thy name, will put their trust in thee.\""}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "By what means does the Spirit enlighten the mind in the knowledge of Christ?", "answer": "By means of the gospel Rom. 10:17."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "Does not the renewing our wills accompany the illumination of our minds?", "answer": "Yes; when \"the Lord shall send the rod of his strength out of Zion,\" there shall be a \"willing people in the day of his power,\" Psalm 110:2, 3."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "In what consists the renovation of the will?", "answer": "In working in it a new inclination or propensity to good, and a fixed aversion to whatever is evil, Ezek. 36:26."}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "Does the Spirit, in the renovation of the will, use any violence or compulsion?", "answer": "No; he makes us willing in the day of his power, Psalm 110:3."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "What is the natural disposition of the will before it is renewed?", "answer": "It is wicked and rebellious, full of enmity against Christ, and the way of salvation through him, John 5:40."}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "Can any man change, or renew, his own will?", "answer": "No more than the \"Ethiopian can change his skin, or the leopard his spots,\" Jer. 13:23."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "What necessity is there for renewing the will, in order to the embracing of Christ?", "answer": "Because till this be done, the natural ill will that is in sinners against Christ, in all his offices, will be retained, 2 Cor. 5:17."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "In what appears the ill will which sinners bear to Christ as a Prophet?", "answer": "In the conceit of their own wisdom, Proverbs 1:22, and slighting the means of instruction, Proverbs 26:12."}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "How do they manifest their aversion to him as a Priest?", "answer": "\"In going about to establish their own righteousness, and refusing to submit themselves unto the righteousness of God,\" Rom. 10:3."}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "How do they manifest their opposition to him as a King?", "answer": "In their hatred of holiness, love to sin, and saying, in fact, concerning him, \"We will not have this man to reign over us,\" Luke 19:14."}, {"item_id": "52", "question": "Who are the only persons that are effectually called?", "answer": "All the elect, and they only, Acts 13:48 - \"As many as were ordained to eternal life, believed.\"40"}, {"item_id": "53", "question": "What may we learn from the doctrine of effectual calling?", "answer": "That \"the gifts and calling of God are without repentance,\" Rom. 11:29; that \"all things work together for good - to them that are the called according to his purpose,\" Rom. 8:28; and that it is our duty to \"walk worthy of God, who hath called us unto his kingdom and glory,\" 1 Thess. 2:12."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "32", "sort_key": 32, "question": "What benefits do they that are effectually called partake of in this life?", "answer": "They that are effectually called, do, in this life, partake of justification, adoption, sanctification, and the several benefits which, in this life, do either accompany or flow from them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "\"What special benefits do the members of the invisible church (or such as are effectually called,) enjoy by Christ?\"", "answer": "They \"enjoy union and communion with him, in grace and glory,\" Eph. 2:5, 6.41"}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "\"What is the communion in grace, which the members of the invisible church have with Christ?\"", "answer": "It \"is their partaking of the virtue of his mediation, in their justification, adoption, sanctification, and whatever else in this life manifests their union with him,\" 1 Cor. 1:30.42"}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How are all these benefits connected with effectual calling?", "answer": "By a connexion established in the eternal purpose and counsel of God, in which all these blessings or benefits are sweetly linked together, Rom. 8:30 - \"Whom he did predestinate, them he also called; and whom he called, them he also justified; and whom he justified, them he also glorified.\""}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is the connexion between effectual calling and justification?", "answer": "In effectual calling, sinners, being united to Christ by faith, have thereby communion with him in his righteousness, for justification, Phil. 3:9."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How is adoption connected with effectual calling?", "answer": "In virtue of the union which takes place in effectual calling, believers stand related to Christ, as having a new kind of interest in God as his Father; and consequently their Father in him, according to John 20:17 - \"I ascend to my Father, and your Father;\" and Eph. 1:3 - \"Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.\""}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the blessed effect of this new kind of interest, which Christ, as the head of the body, has in God as his Father?", "answer": "That, by the Spirit of adoption, we may call God our Father, in the right of Jesus Christ, our elder brother, Rom. 8:15 - \"Ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba, Father.\""}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "How is effectual calling connected with sanctification?", "answer": "In virtue of the union, which takes place in effectual calling, believers are related to Christ as the Lord their strength, their quickening, and influencing head, \"who of God is made unto them - sanctification,\" 1 Cor. 1:30."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the connexion between effectual calling and a blessed death?", "answer": "In effectual calling, believers are united to Christ, by a union that cannot be dissolved by death, Rom. 8:38, 39."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the connexion between effectual calling and a happy resurrection?", "answer": "In effectual calling, sinners are united to Christ, as a living and exalted head, and therefore their happy resurrection is absolutely secured in him, because he is \"risen from the dead, and become the first fruits of them that slept,\" 1 Cor. 15:20."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What improvement should we make of the sweet connexion that is between all these benefits of which the effectually called are partakers?", "answer": "We ought, through grace, in the use of all the means and ordinances of God's appointment, to give all diligence to make our calling and election sure; that having the knowledge of our justification, and adoption, by our sanctification, we may have the comfortable prospect of a happy death, and glorious resurrection, 2 Pet. 1:10, 11."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "33", "sort_key": 33, "question": "What is justification?", "answer": "Justification is an act of God's free grace; wherein he pardons all our sins, and accepts us as righteous in his sight, only for the righteousness of Christ, imputed to us, and received by faith alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "From whence is the word justification borrowed?", "answer": "Being a law-word, it is borrowed from courts of justice among men, when a person arraigned is pronounced righteous, and, in court, openly absolved."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How does it appear, that justification denotes an act of jurisdiction, and not an inward change upon the soul?", "answer": "From its being opposed to condemnation, which all own to consist, not in the infusing of wickedness into a person, but in passing sentence upon him, according to the demerit of his crime, Psalm 109:7."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is it, then, to justify a person?", "answer": "It is not to make him righteous, but to declare him to be so, upon a legal ground, and trial of a judge, Isaiah 43:9, 26."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Who is the author or efficient cause, of our justification?", "answer": "It is God himself; for, it is God that justifieth, Rom. 8:33."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Is it God essentially, or personally considered?", "answer": "God essentially considered, in the person of the Father, is the justifier, in respect of judiciary power and authority, Rom. 3:26; and our Lord Jesus Christ, in respect of the dispensation, or exercise of that power, Acts 5:31."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "In what respect is the Spirit said to justify? 1 Cor. 6:11.", "answer": "As the applier of the blood or righteousness of Christ, by which we are justified, Titus 3:5."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "In what state is a sinner before justification?", "answer": "In a state of sin and guilt, Rom. 3:9, and, consequently, in a state of wrath and condemnation, Gal. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "How can God justify the ungodly?", "answer": "Every elect sinner, however ungodly in himself, yet, upon union with Christ, has communion with him in his righteousness, and on this account he is justified, Isaiah 45:25 - \"In the Lord shall all the seed of Israel be justified.\""}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Why have elect sinners communion with Christ in his righteousness, upon their union with him?", "answer": "Because their sins having been imputed to him from eternity, he became legally one with them, transferring their debt to himself, and undertaking to pay the same, Isaiah 53:6; wherefore, upon union with him by faith, his perfect satisfaction is imputed to them, as if they had made it themselves, 2 Cor. 5:21."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Why is justification called an act?", "answer": "Because, like the sentence of a judge, it is completed at once, and not carried on gradually like a work of time, Deut. 25:1."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the moving cause of justification, or what kind of an act is it?", "answer": "It is an act of God's free grace, Rom. 3:24 - \"Being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus.\""}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "How can free grace be the moving cause of our justification, when it is \"through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus?\"", "answer": "Because the redemption that is in Christ, is the channel through which justifying grace runs freely to us, Eph. 1:7."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What are the constituent parts of justification?", "answer": "They are two; that in which he pardons all our sins, Rom. 6:7; and that in which he accepts us as righteous in his sight, Eph. 1:6."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the pardon of sin?", "answer": "It is God's absolving the sinner from the condemnation of the law, on account of Christ's satisfaction for sin, Rom. 8:1."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Why is the pardon of sin set before the accepting us as righteous, in the answer?", "answer": "Because, till the sentence of the broken law be dissolved by pardon, it is impossible that our persons can be accepted, or any blessing of the covenant conferred upon us, Heb. 8:10-13; where, after a great many other promised blessings, it is added, ver. 12 - \"For I will be merciful to their unrighteousness,\" &c., intimating that the pardon of sin led the way to other covenant blessings."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What is it in sin that pardon removes?", "answer": "The guilt of it, which is a person's actual obligation or liability to eternal wrath, on account thereof, Eph. 2:3."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Can the guilt of sin ever recur upon a pardoned person?", "answer": "No; the obligation to punishment, being once taken off, can never recur again; because \"there is no condemnation to them that are in Christ Jesus,\" Rom. 8:1."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Will future sins revoke a former pardon?", "answer": "No; future sins may provoke the Lord to withdraw the sense of former pardon, but can never revoke the pardon itself; because \"The gifts and calling of God are without repentance,\" Rom. 11:29."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What sins are pardoned in justification?", "answer": "All our sins whatsoever, Psalm 103:3 - \"Who forgiveth ALL thine iniquities.\""}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "How are sins past and present pardoned?", "answer": "By a formal remission of them, Psalm 32:5 - \"Thou forgavest the iniquity of my sin.\""}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "How are sins to come, pardoned?", "answer": "By securing the non-imputation of them, as to the guilt of eternal wrath, Rom. 4:8 - \"Blessed is the man to whom the Lord will not impute sin.\""}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "If the non-imputation of eternal wrath, as to future sins, be secured, why do the saints pray for the pardon of them when committed?", "answer": "Because the guilt or liability to fatherly anger is contracted by the commission of them; and, therefore, they pray for the removal of that guilt, Psalm 51:12 - \"Restore unto me the joy of thy salvation.\""}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Is repentance a condition of pardon?", "answer": "No; because this would bring in works into the matter of our justification before God, quite contrary to scripture, which tells us, that \"a man is not justified by the works of the law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ,\" Gal. 2:16."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "How do you prove, that repentance has not the same interest as faith, in our justification?", "answer": "From this, that in scripture we are frequently said to be justified by faith, but never said to be justified by repentance."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Is it not affirmed in our Confession, \"that repentance is of such necessity to all sinners, that none may expect pardon without it?\"43", "answer": "The meaning is, that repentance is such an inseparable concomitant of pardon, that no pardoned person continues to be impenitent, 2 Sam. 12:13; Matt. 26:75."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "If none can expect pardon, without expecting repentance along with it; will it not therefore follow, that repentance is a condition of pardon?", "answer": "Not at all; for if repentance cannot so much as have the least instrumentality in pardon, it can never be the condition of it, nor have the smallest influence in causing it.44"}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How does it appear that repentance has not the least instrumentality in pardon?", "answer": "It appears evidently from this, that faith is the sole instrument of receiving Christ and his righteousness; without receiving of which there can be no pardon, John 8:24 - \"If ye believe not that I am he, ye shall die in your sins.\""}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "Does God do any more in justification than freely pardon all our sins?", "answer": "Yes; he likewise accepts us as righteous in his sight, Eph. 1:6."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "Why is the accepting us as righteous joined with pardon, in justification?", "answer": "Bec:use, though among men a criminal may be pardoned, and neither declared righteous nor received into favour, yet it is not so with God; for whom he forgives, he both accounts their persons righteous in his sight, and receives them into perpetual favour, Rom. 5:8-10."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "How can a holy and righteous God, whose judgment is according to truth, accept sinners as righteous without a perfect righteousness?", "answer": "He accepts them as righteous only for the righteousness of Christ, which is perfect, and becomes truly theirs through faith, Jer. 23:6; Isaiah 45:24."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "By what right does the surety-righteousness become theirs?", "answer": "By the right of a free gift received, and the right of communion with Christ."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "How does it become theirs by the right of a gift received?", "answer": "In as much as Christ's righteousness being made over in the gospel, as God's gift to sinners, it is by faith actually claimed and received; hence called the GIFT of righteousness, Rom. 5:17."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "How does Christ's surety-righteousness become theirs by right of communion with him?", "answer": "In as much as sinners being united to him by faith, have thus communion or a common interest with him in his righteousness, Phil. 3:9."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "When is it, then, that, according to truth, God accepts us as righteous in his sight?", "answer": "When Christ's surety-righteousness is actually reckoned ours, and we made the righteousness of God in HIM, 2 Cor. 5:21, upon this account precisely, and no other, are we accepted of God as righteous; the righteousness of GOD being UPON all them that believe, Rom. 3:22."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What is the matter of our justification, or that for which we are justified?", "answer": "The RIGHTEOUSNESS of Christ only; hence he is called, \"The Lord our Righteousness,\" Jer. 23:6."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "In what does the righteousness of Christ consist?", "answer": "In the holiness of his human nature, his righteous life, and satisfactory death.45"}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "Can law or justice reach the person who is under the covering of the surety righteousness?", "answer": "By no means; for \"Who shall lay any thing to the charge of God's elect? - It is Christ that died, yea, rather, that is risen again,\" Rom. 8:33, 34."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "Is the righteousness of Christ meritorious of our justification?", "answer": "Yes; because of the infinite dignity of his person; for, though he \"took upon him the form of a servant, yet, being in the form of God, he thought it no robbery to be equal with God,\" Phil 2:6, 7."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "How is the righteousness of Christ commonly divided?", "answer": "Into his active and passive obedience."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "What is his active obedience?", "answer": "The holiness of his nature and righteousness of his life, in full and perfect conformity to the whole law, without the least failure, either of parts, or degrees of obedience to the end, Matt. 5:17, 18."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "What is his passive obedience?", "answer": "His satisfaction for sin, by enduring the infinite execution of the curse, upon him in his death, Gal. 3:13, to the full compensation of all the injuries done to the honour of an infinite God, by all the sins of an elect world, Eph. 5:2."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "Why does his satisfactory death, as well as his righteous life, get the name of obedience? Phil. 2:8.", "answer": "Because his sufferings and death were entirely voluntary, and in most profound submission to the commandment which he had received of his Father, John 10:18."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "What is the formal cause of our justification, or that by which Christ's righteousness is made ours?", "answer": "It is its being imputed to us, Rom. 4:6."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "What is it to impute Christ's righteousness to us?", "answer": "It is God's accounting or reckoning it to us, as if we had obeyed the law, and satisfied justice in our own persons, and dealing with us accordingly, Rom. 4:4; 8:4; 2 Cor. 5:21."}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "Upon what ground or foundation is Christ's righteousness imputed to us?", "answer": "Upon the ground of his representing us from eternity, and our union with him in time, Isaiah 53:5."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "What necessity is there for the imputation of Christ's passive obedience?", "answer": "Because without the imputation of it, we could have no legal security from eternal death, Rom. 5:9."}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "What necessity is there for the imputation of Christ's active obedience?", "answer": "Because without the imputation of it, we could have no legal title to eternal life, Rom. 6:23."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "If Christ, as man, gave obedience to the law for himself, how can his active obedience be imputed to us?", "answer": "Though the human nature, abstractly considered, be a creature, yet never subsisting by itself, but in the person of the Son of God, the acts of obedience performed in it were never the acts of a mere man, but of him who is God-man, Mediator; and, consequently, acts of obedience, not for himself, but for us, Gal. 4:4, 5."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "If Christ's active obedience be imputed to us, are we not released from any obligation to yield obedience to the law in our own persons?", "answer": "We are only released from an obligation to yield obedience to the law as a covenant of works, not released from obedience to it as a rule of life, Gal. 2:19."}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "Is the righteousness of Christ, itself, imputed to us, or only its effects?", "answer": "As the guilt itself of Adam's first sin is imputed to all his posterity, by which judgment comes upon all men to condemnation, so, the righteousness of Christ itself is imputed to all his spiritual seed, by which the free gift comes upon them all unto justification of life, Rom. 5:18."}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "What is the difference between the imputation of our sins to Christ, and the imputation of his righteousness to us?", "answer": "Our sins were imputed to Christ as our Surety, only for a time, that he might take them away; but his righteousness is imputed to us to abide with us for ever; hence called an everlasting righteousness, Dan. 9:24."}, {"item_id": "52", "question": "Why are we said to be pardoned and accepted only for the righteousness of Christ?", "answer": "Because a sinner can have no other plea before God, for pardon and acceptance, but Christ's fulfilling all righteousness, as the only condition of the covenant, Isaiah 45:24."}, {"item_id": "53", "question": "What is the instrumental cause of our justification?", "answer": "It is twofold; namely, external and internal."}, {"item_id": "54", "question": "What is the external instrumental cause?", "answer": "The GOSPEL; because the righteousness of God is revealed in it, and brought near to us as a free gift, Rom. 1:17, 5:17, and 10:8."}, {"item_id": "55", "question": "What is the internal instrumental cause of our Justification?", "answer": "It is faith, Rom. 10:10."}, {"item_id": "56", "question": "Why is faith the instrument of our justification?", "answer": "To show that our justification is wholly of grace; it being the nature of faith to take the gift of righteousness freely, without money, and without price; \"therefore it is of faith, that it might be by grace,\" Rom. 4:16."}, {"item_id": "57", "question": "What, then, is the instrumentality of faith in our justification?", "answer": "It is merely the hand that receives and applies the righteousness of Christ, by which we are justified.46"}, {"item_id": "58", "question": "Is the grace of faith or any act of it, imputed to a sinner for justification?", "answer": "No; for, \"To him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness,\" Rom. 4:5."}, {"item_id": "59", "question": "What is the difference between saving faith, and justifying faith?", "answer": "Saving, faith receives and rests upon Christ in all his offices, as \"of God made unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption;\" but justifying faith, receives and rests upon him, more particularly, in his priestly office, for pardon and acceptance, on account of his meritorious righteousness, Phil. 3:9 - \"And be found in him, not having mine own righteousness, which is of the law, but that which is through the faith of Christ, the righteousness which is of God by faith.\""}, {"item_id": "60", "question": "Why is the righteousness of Christ said to be received by faith alone?", "answer": "That works may be wholly excluded from having any share in our justification, less or more, Rom. 3:28 - \"Therefore we conclude, that a man is justified by faith, without the deeds of the law.\""}, {"item_id": "61", "question": "If good works have no influence upon our justification, of what use are they to the justified?", "answer": "Though they cannot justify us before God, yet they are good \"evidences\" of our justification, being the fruits of a true and lively faith, James 2:18, they \"adorn the profession of the gospel, Titus 2:11, 12; stop the mouths of adversaries, 1 Pet. 2:15; and glorify God, John 15:8.\"47"}, {"item_id": "62", "question": "If faith's receiving of Christ's righteousness justify us, does not faith justify as a work?", "answer": "It is not properly the receiving, or any other act of faith, that justifies us, but the righteousness of Christ RECEIVED, Rom. 3:22; even as it is not the hand that nourishes us, but the food which we take by it."}, {"item_id": "63", "question": "If we are justified by faith alone, why is it said, James 2:24, \"That by works a man is justified, and not by faith only?\"", "answer": "This is to be understood of justifying, or evidencing the reality of our faith before men, and not of justifying our persons before God."}, {"item_id": "64", "question": "When is it that God justifies the ungodly?", "answer": "\"Though from eternity God decreed to justify all the elect,\" yet \"they are not\" actually \"justified, until the Holy Spirit does, in due time, apply Christ,\" and his righteousness \"unto them, Titus 3:5-7.\"48"}, {"item_id": "65", "question": "How were believers, under the Old Testament, justified?", "answer": "\"Their justification was, in all respects, the same with the justification of believers, under the New Testament,\" Gal. 3:9; Heb. 13:8.49"}, {"item_id": "66", "question": "What may we learn from this important doctrine of justification?", "answer": "That all ground of pride and boasting is taken away from the creature, Rom. 3:27: that faith itself, by laying hold upon the surety righteousness without us, is nothing else than a solemn declaration of our poverty and nakedness; and that, therefore, it is our duty to glory only in Christ Jesus, saying, \"Surely - in the Lord have we righteousness and strength,\" Isaiah 45:24.:"}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "34", "sort_key": 34, "question": "What is adoption?", "answer": "Adoption is an act of God's free grace, whereby we are received into the number, and have a right to all the privileges of the sons of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What does the word adoption signify among men?", "answer": "It signifies the taking of a stranger into a family, and dealing with him, as if he were a child or heir."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the difference between adoption, as it is an act of God, and as it is a deed of men?", "answer": "Men generally adopt only one into their family, and they do it on account of some amiable properties, or qualifications, discerned in the adopted; but God adopts many into his family, and that, not upon account of any thing commendable in them, but merely out of his own free and unmerited love, Eph. 1:5."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Of how many kinds of adoption do the scriptures speak?", "answer": "Two kinds; namely, general and special."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is meant by general adoption?", "answer": "It is the erecting of a certain indefinite number of mankind into a visible church, and entitling them to all the privileges of it, Rom. 9:4."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is the outward seal, or badge, of this general adoption?", "answer": "It is baptism; which comes in the room of circumcision under the Old Testament, Eph. 4:5."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is to be understood by special adoption?", "answer": "It is a sovereign and free translation of a sinner of mankind, from the family of hell, or Satan, into the family of heaven, or household of God, Eph. 2:19; with an investiture into all the privileges of the sons of God, 1 John 3:1."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "By whose act and authority is this translation accomplished?", "answer": "By the act and authority of God: Father, Son, and Holy Ghost."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the act of the Father in this matter?", "answer": "He has \"predestinated us unto the adoption of children to himself, according to the good pleasure of his will,\" Eph. 1:5."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the act of the Son in this special adoption?", "answer": "In consequence of his purchasing the sinner by the price of his blood, he actually gives the power, right, or privilege, to become a child of God, in the day of believing, John 1:12."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the act of the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "He comes in Christ's name, takes possession of the person, and dwells in him, as a Spirit of adoption, teaching him to cry, Abba, Father, Rom. 8:15."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Why is this translation into the family of God, called an act?", "answer": "Because it is done at once, Jer. 3:19."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Why called an act of God's free grace?", "answer": "Because the adoption of any of mankind into the household of God, flows entirely from his own free love and favour, Eph. 1:5, they being, all of them, wretched, miserable, poor, blind, and naked, Rev. 3:17."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the difference between good angels being called the sons of God, Job 38:7, and believers being so called? 1 John 3:1.", "answer": "Good angels are called the sons God, because they were created immediately by him; but believers are so called, because they are adopted by him into his family, Rom. 8:15."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Why are we said, in adoption, to be received into the number of the sons of GOD?", "answer": "Because the family of God, from among men, consists of a certain definite number of mankind, which can neither be augmented nor diminished, John 17:2, 9, 12, and 6:39."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "By what means or instrument does God receive any of mankind into his family?", "answer": "By the means and instrumentality of faith, Gal. 3:26 - \"Ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus.\""}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What connexion is there between faith in Christ Jesus, and our being the children of God?", "answer": "Faith unites us to Christ, and acquiesces in the redemption purchased by him, as the meritorious cause of our adoption, Gal. 4:4, 5 - \"God sent forth his Son - to redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of sons.\""}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Since adoption is an act of translation, from the family of Satan to the family of God, to whom is it intimated?", "answer": "To the angels in heaven; and sometimes to the adopted themselves."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "How is it intimated to the angels in heaven?", "answer": "It is probable that it is intimated to them by immediate revelation, Luke 15:10 - \"There is joy in the presence of the angels of God, over one sinner that repenteth.\""}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "How is it intimated to the adopted themselves?", "answer": "By the \"Spirit itself bearing witness with their spirit that they are the children of God,\" Rom. 8:16."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Is there any intimation of this made to Satan?", "answer": "No; but he cannot miss to know, when he is spoiled of his goods, and the lawful captive delivered, Mark 9:26."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "When sinners of mankind are adopted, and enrolled into the family of heaven, is their NAME changed?", "answer": "Yes; as the wife's name is sunk into her husband's, so the former name of the adopted is sunk into Christ's new name, Rev. 3:12 - \"I will write upon him my new name.\""}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What was the former, and what is the present name of the adopted children of God?", "answer": "Their former name was, \"strangers and foreigners;\" their present name is, \"fellow citizens with the saints, and of the household of God,\" Eph. 2:19; their former name was, guilty and condemned; their present name is, \"the Lord our righteousness,\" Jer. 33:16; their former name denoted, that they \"were without Christ, having no hope, and without God in the world,\" Eph. 2:12; their present name is Jehovah-shammah, The Lord is there, Ezek. 48:35."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Why is Christ's name, put upon them, called his new name?", "answer": "Because it is a name that shall never wax old, or vanish away, Heb. 8:13."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Whence come they by this new name?", "answer": "When Christ gives them the white stone of pardon he, at the same time, gives them, in that stone, the new name of being the sons of God; which name \"no man knoweth, saving he that receiveth it,\" Rev. 2:17."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What are the privileges with which the sons of God are invested?", "answer": "Among others, they are invested with great dignity, glorious liberty, a title to the whole inheritance, boldness of access to God as a father, and his fatherly chastisement, or correction.50"}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What is the great dignity or honour to which they are advanced?", "answer": "To the dignity of being \"kings and priests unto God,\" Rev. 1:6, or \"a royal priesthood,\" 1 Pet. 2:9; to feast on Christ their passover sacrificed for them, 1 Cor. 5:7."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "In what consists \"the glorious liberty of the children of God,\" mentioned, Rom. 8:21?", "answer": "Not only in a freedom from the guilt and dominion of sin, the curse of the law, the tyranny of Satan, and sting of death, John 8:36; but in a filial, and reverential obedience, flowing from a principle of faith and love inlaid in the soul, Gal. 5:6."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "Upon what is their title to the inheritance founded?", "answer": "Upon their being Christ's - \"and heirs according to the promise,\" Gal. 3:29."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What is the inheritance which the adopted children of God are heirs of \"according to the promise?\"", "answer": "They are \"HEIRS of the righteousness which is by faith,\" Heb. 11:7; \"heirs of the grace of life,\" 1 Pet. 3:7; \"heirs of salvation,\" Heb. 1:14; and, which comprehends all, they are \"heirs of God, and joint heirs with Christ,\" Rom. 8:17."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "What does their boldness of access to God, as their Father, include in it?", "answer": "A firm persuasion of the power, love, and faithfulness of a promising God, Rom. 4:20, 21, and an assured expectation of relief from him: \"And this is the confidence that we have in him, that if we ask any thing according to his will, he heareth us,\" 1 John 5:14."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What are the grounds of this boldness?", "answer": "The righteousness of Christ apprehended by faith, Psalm 84:9, and his prevalent intercession within the veil, 1 John 2:1."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "Why is it that God chastises his adopted children?", "answer": "Because he loves them, Heb. 12:6 - \"Whom the Lord loveth, he chasteneth.\""}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "With what does he chastise them?", "answer": "Sometimes with the rod of outward affliction, of various kinds, Psalm 34:19; and sometimes with the rod of desertion, Psalm 30:7."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "For what end does he thus chastise them?", "answer": "For their profit, that they may be \"partakers of his holiness,\" Heb. 12:10."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "How ought the children to behave under the chastisement of their Father?", "answer": "They ought neither to \"despise the chastening of the Lord, nor faint when they are rebuked by him,\" Heb. 12:5."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "What are the marks or evidences of the adopted children of God?", "answer": "They will resemble their Father, 1 John 3:2; they know their Father's voice, John 10:4; delight in their Father's company, Rom. 8:15; are deeply concerned for his absence, Job 23:3; and out of love to him that begat, they have great love to all them that are \"begotten of him,\" 1 John 5:1."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "35", "sort_key": 35, "question": "What is sanctification?", "answer": "Sanctification is the work of God's free grace, whereby we are renewed in the whole man, after the image of God, and are enabled more and more to die unto sin, and live unto righteousness.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is it for one to be SANCTIFIED?", "answer": "It is to be made a saint, or a holy person set apart for a holy use, 1 Thess. 5:23."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Can any sinner sanctify himself?", "answer": "No; we can defile, but cannot purify ourselves, Job 14:4."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Whose work is it to sanctify?", "answer": "It is the special work of the Spirit of God, 2 Thess. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Do any of mankind-sinners deserve that God should sanctify them?", "answer": "No; there are none of them that can deserve any thing from God, but to be left to perish eternally in their sin and pollution, because \"they are altogether become filthy; there is none of them that doeth good, no not one,\" Psalm 14:3; Rom. 3:10-13."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What moves God to sanctify a sinner?", "answer": "His own free grace and good pleasure, Phil. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Are not justification, adoption, and sanctification, inseparably linked together?", "answer": "Yes; they that are justified, are adopted; and they that are justified and adopted, are sanctified and glorified, Rom. 8:30."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "In what respects are justification and sanctification inseparably joined and linked together?", "answer": "In the decree of God, Rom. 8:30; in the promise of God, Psalm 110:3; in the end of Christ's death, Titus 2:14; in the offices of Christ, 1 Cor. 1:30; in the gospelcall and offer, 2 Tim. 1:9; 1 Thess. 4:7; and in the experience of all believers, Phil. 3:8, 12."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Though inseparably linked together, are they not carefully to be distinguished?", "answer": "Yes; for the confounding of justification and sanctification lays the foundation of many errors, both in principle and practice; and the want of a clear understanding of the difference between these two, contributes to depress and encumber the believer in his exercise; whereas the distinct knowledge of it would free him from that bondage, John 8:32."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "In what do justification and sanctification DIFFER?", "answer": "They DIFFER in many respects; particularly in their matter, kind, form, properties, subjects, order, extent, ingredients, evidences; in their relation to the law; their relation to Christ's offices; and their use to believers."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "In what do they differ in their matter?", "answer": "The matter of justification is the righteousness of Christ; but the matter of sanctification is the fulness of Christ communicated, or grace imparted from him, out of whose fulness we receive, \"and grace for grace,\" John 1:16."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "How do they differ as to their kind?", "answer": "Justification makes a relative, sanctification a real change: the first changes a man's state, the other changes his heart and life, Ezek. 36:26."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "How do they differ as to their form, or manner of conveyance?", "answer": "Justification is effected by the imputation of Christ's righteousness to us; sanctification, by the implantation of his grace in us."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "How do they differ in their properties?", "answer": "Justification is complete and perfect at first; but sanctification is carried on gradually, from less to more, until the soul be ripe for glory; the righteousness of justification is strictly and properly meritorious, being the righteousness of God, by which the law is not only fulfilled, but magnified; but the righteousness of sanctification is not so, being only the righteousness of a sinful creature, imperfect in degrees: justification is equal in all believers, but they are not all equally sanctified: hence, in God's family, there are little children, 1 John 2:12, and in his garden, trees of different tallness, or height, Psalm 92:12, compared with Zech. 1:8."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "How do they differ in their subjects?", "answer": "Christ himself, and not the believer, is the subject of our justifying righteousness; it is inherently in him who wrought it out perfectly for us; but the believer himself is the subject of the righteousness of sanctification; it is implanted in him as a new nature; whereas his justifying righteousness is not in him as a nature, but on him as a robe; and hence it is said to be UPON all them that believe, Rom. 3:22."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How do they differ in their order?", "answer": "Although, as to time, they are simultaneous; yet, as to the order of nature, justification goes BEFORE sanctification, as the cause before the effect, or as fire is before light and heat."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "How do they differ as to their extent?", "answer": "Alt:ough justification respects the whole person, yet, it immediately terminates upon conscience, God's deputy, purging it from dead works, and pacifying it with the sprinkling of the blood of Christ; nothing giving true peace to conscience, but that which gave full satisfaction to justice: but by sanctification we are renewed in the whole man, Eph. 4:23, 24."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How do they differ as to their ingredients?", "answer": "The main ingredient in justification is the grace and love of God towards us, manifested in pardoning and accepting us in Christ; whereas the main ingredient in sanctification is our gratitude and love to God, flowing from his love to us, and appearing in our obedience and keeping his commandments, by virtue of his \"Spirit put within us, and causing us to walk in his statutes,\" Ezek. 36:27."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "How do they differ as to evidence?", "answer": "Justification is evidenced by our sanctification; for none can warrantably conclude they are justified by the righteousness of Christ, if not students of true holiness, and groaning under a body of sin and death: but sanctification cannot be evidenced by our justification; which being the hidden root of holiness under ground, does not appear, except in lively actings of justifying faith, and other graces, which are internal branches of sanctification; sometimes inwardly discerned by the believer, and sometimes outwardly discovered to others by works, James 2:18."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "How do they differ in their relation to the law?", "answer": "Justification has relation to the law, as a covenant, and frees the soul from it, Rom. 7:4; sanctification respects the law as a rule, and makes the soul breathe after conformity to it, and to delight in it after the inward man, Rom. 7:22; hence justification is a judicial sentence, absolving us from law-debt; sanctification, a spiritual change, fitting us for law-duty."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "How do they differ in their relation to the offices of Christ?", "answer": "Justification springs from, and is grounded upon the priestly office of Christ, by which he satisfied law and justice, as our surety; but sanctification proceeds from his kingly office, by which he subdues us to his obedience, and writes his law in our hearts, Jer. 31:33."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "How do they differ in their use to believers?", "answer": "Justification gives us a title to heaven and eternal life; sanctification gives a meetness for it: justification is God's act, pronouncing our persons righteous in Christ, and taking away the guilt of sin; sanctification is the Spirit's work, cleansing our nature, and taking away the filth of sin: by the former, we are instated into the favour of God; by the latter, adorned with the image of God."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "How may the work of sanctification be distinguished?", "answer": "Into habitual and actual sanctification."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What may be termed habitual sanctification?", "answer": "It is that whereby we are renewed in the whole man, after the image of God, and so a renovation of the nature, Eph. 4:24."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Can any have a sanctified life, who have not a renewed nature?", "answer": "No; for a corrupt tree cannot bring forth good fruit, Matt. 7:18."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What is to be understood by the whole man that must be renewed?", "answer": "Both soul and body; in all the powers of the one, and members of the other, 2 Cor. 7:1; 1 Thess. 5:23."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What is the difference between the renewing of the whole man in sanctification, and the renewing mentioned in effectual calling?", "answer": "The renovation in effectual calling is only begun; but this of sanctification, is carried on by degrees, till perfected in glory, Phil. 1:6; there, the seed of grace is sown; here, it is watered, in order to growth: there, the habit is implanted, John 1:13; here, it is strengthened for exercise, Eph. 2:10."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "After whose image is the whole man renewed?", "answer": "After the image of God; consisting in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness, Col. 3:10; Eph. 4:24."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "Whose image do we bear, before we are renewed in the whole man?", "answer": "The image of the first Adam after the fall, having his nature corrupted, Gen. 5:3."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "Can any be renewed in the whole man, without being united to the second Adam?", "answer": "No; for we are not sanctified, except by faith uniting us to Christ, Acts 15:9, and 26:18; 1 Cor. 1:2, - \"Sanctified in Christ Jesus.\""}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Though the believer be renewed in the whole man, yet is any part of the new creature WHOLLY renewed?", "answer": "The two contrary principles, grace and corruption, are in the sanctified; being together in such sort, that in every particular part, where the one is, the other is there also beside it: for, what we have of this gracious work of sanctification upon us while here, is but in part; it is not perfect, 1 Cor. 13:9, 10."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What is the tendency of habitual sanctification?", "answer": "The tendency of it is to actual sanctification, Eph. 2:10."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "In what consists ACTUAL sanctification?", "answer": "In being enabled more and more to die unto sin, and live unto righteousness, Rom. 6:4, 6."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "In what does habitual sanctification differ from actual?", "answer": "The first points at the renovation of our nature; the second at the renovation of our life: the first at the habit; the second at the exercise of grace, working inwardly in the heart, and outwardly in the walk, Eph. 2:10."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "What are the parts of actual sanctification, and how are they commonly termed?", "answer": "Mortification; or, a dying unto sin; and vivification; or, a living unto righteousness."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "Can any die to sin, and live to righteousness, without being enabled by grace?", "answer": "No; \"We are not sufficient of ourselves to think any thing as of ourselves, but our sufficiency is of God,\" 2 Cor. 3:5. The strength of habitual grace will not be sufficient, without actual assistance."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "How does the grace of God enable us to die to sin, and live to righteousness?", "answer": "It enables us more and more, 1 Thess. 4:1, or, by little and little, from time to time; for, \"the path of the just is as a shining light, that shineth more and more unto the perfect day,\" Proverbs 4:18; and \"they go from strength to strength,\" Psalm 84:7."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "Does the work of actual sanctification go on constantly without interruption?", "answer": "The sanctified person is subject to backsliding and decay; yet God never altogether takes his hand from the good work he has begun, but makes good use of backslidings for farther progress in it, Hos. 14:4, 7."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "Why is not actual sanctification perfected in this life, but still a remainder of corruption left in God's people?", "answer": "To make them know from experience, the strength of sin, the necessity of mortifying grace, and of the abundance of pardoning grace, 2 Cor. 12:7-9; and to keep them exercised in prayer and humiliation, in the faith and hope of deliverance from a body of sin and death, through Christ, Rom. 7:24, 25."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "What is it to die to sin?", "answer": "To have the power of sin, in our nature, so far destroyed as not to obey it, but to hate it in heart, and abstain from it in life, Rom. 6:6."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "What is it to live to righteousness?", "answer": "To have our nature so quickened by the power of grace, as to love and obey the commands of righteousness in our life, Rom. 6:13."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "From whence is it that this death to sin, and life to righteousness spring?", "answer": "They spring from the virtue that is in the death and resurrection of Christ, to render his mystical members conformable to him in them; \"That, like as Christ was raised up from the dead, by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life; for, if we have been planted together in the likeness of his death, we shall be also in the likeness of his resurrection,\" Rom. 6:4, 5."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "Why have the death and resurrection of Christ such a conforming virtue?", "answer": "Because he died and rose again as a public person. Eph. 2:5, 6, and merited this conformation or fashioning of his mystical members to his own image, Phil. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "In what consists the excellency of sanctification?", "answer": "It is the end and design of our election, Eph. 1:4; of our effectual calling, 2 Tim. 1:9; of our justification and deliverance from the law as a covenant, Rom. 6:14; and of our adoption, Eph. 1:4, 5; it is the end both of mercies and crosses, Rom. 2:4, Isaiah 27:9; and, in a word, it is the end and design of all the precepts of the law, the promises of the gospel, and the operation of the Spirit of God."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "Whence arises the necessity of holiness, or sanctification?", "answer": "From the holy nature and will of God: for \"it is written, Be ye holy, for I am holy,\" 1 Pet. 1:16; and \"this is the will of God, even our sanctification,\" 1 Thess. 4:3; and from the death of Christ, \"who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify to himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works,\" Titus 2:14."}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "For what good end and use is sanctification necessary?", "answer": "Not for justification before God; but for evidencing our justification and faith, James. 2:18. It is necessary for glorifying God, Matt. 5:16, and showing forth his praise, 1 Pet. 2:19; for adorning the doctrine of God our Saviour, Titus 2:10; for proving our union to Christ, John 15:5, 6; for promoting inward peace and rejoicing, Psalm 119:165, 2 Cor. 1:12; for maintaining fellowship and communion with God, John 14:21, 23; for making us meet for heaven, because without holiness no man shall see the Lord, Heb. 12:14; for making us useful to men on earth, Titus 3:8; and for stopping the mouth of calumny when we are reproached as evil doers, 1 Pet. 3:16."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "What is the meritorious cause of our sanctification?", "answer": "The blood of Christ, Heb. 13:12 - \"Wherefore Jesus also, that he might sanctify the people with his own blood, suffered without the gate.\""}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "Whence flows the sanctifying or purifying virtue of the blood of Christ?", "answer": "From the atoning virtue of it, Heb. 9:14."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "What is the instrumental cause of our sanctification?", "answer": "The faith of the operation of God, Acts 15:9."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "What is the regulating or directing cause?", "answer": "The law of God, Isaiah 8:20."}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "What is the exemplary cause of sanctification?", "answer": "The copy that Christ has set us by his obedience and sufferings, in so far as imitable by us, 1 Pet. 2:21, 22."}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "What are the marks of sanctification?", "answer": "A heart-respect to all God's commandments, and loving them because they are holy; a hatred of sin, and avoiding of all appearance of evil; a spirit of watchfulness and warfare against sin; a delight in doing good; a conversation becoming the gospel; and an habitual improvement of the blood of Christ by faith and prayer, for cleansing from the filth of sin, and of the precious promises for that end, 2 Cor. 7:1; 1 Pet. 1:4."}, {"item_id": "52", "question": "What are the chief motives and inducements to sanctification?", "answer": "The will of God commanding, 1 Pet. 1:15; the love of Christ constraining, 1 Cor. 5:14; the dignity of thus resembling God, Lev. 19:2; and the indignity of resembling the devil by the want of it, John 8:44."}, {"item_id": "53", "question": "What should we do to be sanctified?", "answer": "We should fly to Christ by faith, touching the hem of his garment for healing and purification, for we \"are sanctified in Christ Jesus,\" 1 Cor. 1:2; we should pray for the Spirit of sanctification, through whom alone the deeds of the body can be mortified, Rom. 8:13; we should associate with saints, for \"he that walketh with the wise, shall be wise,\" Proverbs 13:20; association begets assimilation; and we should make a right use of God's word and rod, Sabbaths and sacraments."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "36", "sort_key": 36, "question": "What are the benefits which, in this life, do accompany or flow from justification, adoption, and sanctification?", "answer": "The benefits which, in this life, do accompany or flow from justification, adoption, and sanctification, are, assurance of God's love, peace of conscience, joy in the Holy Ghost, increase of grace, and perseverance therein to the end.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Are not justification, adoption, and sanctification, pregnant with many blessings?", "answer": "Yes; their name may well be called GAD, (Gen. 30:11,) for troops of blessings attend them; some in this life, some at death, but the best of all in the life to come."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What are the benefits which flow from them in this life?", "answer": "There are five of them mentioned in the answer; namely, \"assurance of God's love,\" Rom. 5:5; \"peace of conscience,\" Rom. 5:1; \"joy in the Holy Ghost,\" Rom. 14:17; \"increase of grace,\" Proverbs 4:18; and \"perseverance therein to the end,\" 1 Pet. 1:5."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Which of these benefits flow from a sight and sense of justification, adoption, and sanctification?", "answer": "Assurance of God's love, peace of conscience, and joy in the Holy Ghost."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Which of them belong to the being of a justified, adopted, and sanctified state?", "answer": "Increase of grace, and perseverance therein to the end."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Do all justified, adopted, and sanctified persons, enjoy assurance of God's love, peace of conscience, and joy in the Holy Ghost, at all times?", "answer": "Though they have them radically in their justification, adoption, and sanctification, yet they are not always sensible of the possession of them, but are frequently filled with doubts and fears about their gracious state, Job 23:8, 9; Isaiah 49:14."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Whence is it that they who have assurance, peace, and joy in the root, have not always the sensible possession of these benefits?", "answer": "This flows sometimes from a sovereign cause in God, to keep down a spirit of pride after special manifestations, 2 Cor. 12:7; and sometimes from a sinful cause in believers; such as, untenderness in their walk, Isaiah 59:2; resting upon a manifestation, Luke 9:33, 34; or quenching the gracious motions and operations of the Spirit, Eph. 4:30."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Is it the assurance of sense, or the assurance of faith, that is mentioned in this answer?", "answer": "It is the assurance of sense, or the sensible assurance of God's love."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the difference between the assurance of faith, and the assurance of sense?", "answer": "The object of the assurance of faith is \"Christ in the promise,\" James 2:23; but the object of the assurance of sense is \"Christ formed in the soul,\" 2 Tim. 2:12; or, which is the same thing, the assurance of faith is founded on the infallible word of God, who cannot lie; but the assurance of sense upon the person's present experience of the communications of divine love."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "How may assurance of God's love be said to accompany or flow from justification?", "answer": "Because in it we see his love to us, in pardoning our sins, and receiving us into his favour, Psalm 103:3, 4."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "How may it be said to accompany or flow from adoption?", "answer": "Because we see in it his love to us, in bringing us into his family, and pitying us, \"like as a father pitieth his children,\" Psalm 103:13."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "How may it be said to accompany or flow from sanctification?", "answer": "Because in it we see his love to us, in killing our corruptions, and quickening his graces, Rom. 8:11, 14."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "How do you prove that the sensible assurance of God's love is attainable?", "answer": "From the command to give diligence to attain it, 2 Pet. 1:10; and from its being actually attained, by many of the saints; such as, Job, Job 19:25, 26; David, Psalm 73:26; Paul, 2 Tim. 4:7, 8, and others."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "How are the saints brought to this privilege?", "answer": "Sometimes by a course of holy and self-denied diligence in the way of commanded duty, Isaiah 32:17; and sometimes by the Spirit itself bearing witness with their spirits, that they are the children of God, Rom. 8:16."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What may afford comfort to a believer, when at any time he loses this assurance?", "answer": "That the covenant stands fast with Christ, Psalm 89:28; that the love of God is invariably the same, Zeph. 3:17; and that he will in his own time return with wonted loving-kindness, Isaiah 54:7, 8."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What is incumbent on believers for recovering the assurance of God's love when they have lost the present sense of it?", "answer": "To be humbled for sin, as the procuring cause of the Lord's departure, Psalm 40:12; to justify God, and to condemn themselves, Dan. 9:7, 8; and to wait in the exercise of prayer and fasting, for the returns of his love, Isaiah 8:17."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Of what advantage to believers is the assurance of God's love?", "answer": "It animates to the practice of every commanded duty, Psalm 119:32; it supports under all trials and afflictions, Psalm 23:4; and it fills the soul with the love of God, \"because he first loved us,\" 1 John 4:19."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How may we know if we have the well-rounded assurance of God's love?", "answer": "If it flow from faith on Christ in the promise, Eph. 1:13; if it fill the soul with an humble and holy wondering at the condescending goodness of God, 2 Sam. 7:18; and if it beget ardent desires after nearer conformity to God here, and the full enjoyment of him hereafter, 1 John 3:2, 3."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What is the difference between a true assurance of God's love and a false and presumptuous confidence?", "answer": "True assurance makes a man more humble and self-denied, Gal. 2:19, 20; but presumptuous confidence puffs up with spiritual pride and self-conceit, 2 Kings 10:15, 16; the one excites to the practice of every commanded duty, Psalm 119:32; but the other encourages sloth and indolence, Luke 11:21; the man who has true assurance, wants to be searched and tried as to the reality thereof, Psalm 26:1, 2; but they who are stuffed with presumptuous confidence hate the light, \"neither come to the light, lest their deeds should be reproved,\" John 3:20."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is peace of conscience?", "answer": "It is the inward quiet and tranquillity of the mind arising from the faith of being justified before God, Rom. 5:1."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Why is peace of conscience said to accompany or flow from justification, adoption, and sanctification?", "answer": "Because none can have true peace of conscience who are not justified, adopted, and sanctified: there being \"no peace to the wicked,\" Isaiah 57:21."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "When may we be said to have that peace of conscience which flows from justification.", "answer": "When the conscience, being sprinkled with the blood of Christ, is set free from the fear of vindictive wrath, Heb. 10:22."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "When have we that peace which flows from adoption?", "answer": "When we have soul-quiet and composure, through the faith of God's being our friend and father in Christ, Jer. 3:4, 19."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "When have we that peace which accompanies or flows from sanctification?", "answer": "When we have the Spirit of God shining on us, in the exercise of grace, and assisting us in the performance of duty, Psalm 138:3."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Whether is the peace of sanctification, or that of justification, most stable and permanent?", "answer": "The peace of sanctification, having many imperfections cleaving to it, is more fluctuating and unstable than the peace of justification, which is founded upon a righteousness that is everlasting, and always the same, Isaiah 45:24, 25."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Have all believers peace in their consciences at all times?", "answer": "They have ground of peace, being in a state of peace; but have not always the sense of it, Job 6:4."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What is it that hinders or mars the sense of peace in those who are in a state of peace?", "answer": "Their not improving the promises by faith, for promoting their sanctification, Isaiah 40:27, 28; their sitting down upon present or former attainments, Psalm 30:6, 7; and their giving way to the temptations of Satan, who is an enemy both to their grace and comfort, Isaiah 56:11."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What are the marks of true peace of conscience, which distinguish it from carnal security.", "answer": "A continual warfare against all known sin, Psalm 119:104; and a sincere endeavour to please God, verse 165; with a constant fear of offending him, Gen. 39:9."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What is joy in the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "It is that inward elevation and enlargement of soul which flows from the lively exercise of faith, feasting on Christ in the promise, 1 Pet. 1:8 - \"Believing, ye rejoice, with joy unspeakable, and full of glory.\""}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "Why is this joy said to be in the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "Because the Holy Ghost is the author of it; as personally inhabiting, or residing in the believer, John 14:16, 17."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "What is the matter or ground of this joy?", "answer": "God in Christ as the everlasting portion of the believing soul, Psalm 16:5, 6."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What are the properties of it?", "answer": "It is a hidden joy, Proverbs 14:10; it is permanent, John 16:22; and it is unspeakable, 1 Pet. 1:8."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What are the peculiar seasons of this joy?", "answer": "The time of special manifestations after a dark night of desertion, Isaiah 54:7, 8; the time of tribulation for Christ's sake, Acts 16:25; the time of God's remarkable appearance for his church, Ex. 15:1; and sometimes in or about the time of death, Psalm 23:4."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "When may believers be said to have that joy in the Holy Ghost, which accompanies or flows from justification?", "answer": "When they have \"boldness to enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus,\" Heb. 10:19."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "When may they be said to have that joy which flows from adoption?", "answer": "When the \"Spirit itself beareth witness with their spirit, that they are the children of God;\" and enables them to \"cry, Abba, Father,\" Rom. 8:15, 16."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "When may they be said to have the joy that flows from sanctification?", "answer": "When they have the testimony of their conscience bearing witness to their sincerity, and to the uprightness of their aims and endeavours in all the duties of religion, 2 Cor. 1:12 - \"For our rejoicing is this, the testimony of our conscience, that in simplicity and godly sincerity, not with fleshly wisdom, but by the grace of God, we have had our conversation in the world.\""}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "What are the signs and evidences of joy in the Holy Ghost, which distinguish it from that joy which temporary believers, or hypocrites, may sometimes have in the word? Matt. 13:20.", "answer": "Joy in the Holy Ghost has an enlivening, Neh. 8:10; enlarging, Psalm 45:1; humbling, Job 42:5, 6; and sanctifying influence upon the soul, 2 Cor. 3:18; whereas the joy of hypocrites has no such effects."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "What do you understand by increase of grace?", "answer": "The gradual advances which the saints are helped to make, in the exercise of grace, and experimental godliness, Psalm 92:12, 13."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "To what is the increase of grace compared in scripture?", "answer": "To \"the shining light, that shineth more and more unto the perfect day,\" Proverbs 4:18."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "What is the spring or cause of the believer's growth?", "answer": "Union with Christ, John 15:4; and participation of vital influences from him, Col. 2:19."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "Why is it ordered that believers shall grow in grace?", "answer": "Because there is a particular stature, at which every member of the mystical body is appointed to arrive, even \"the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ,\" Eph. 4:13."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "How does growth in grace flow from justification?", "answer": "In as much as the justified person is delivered from a legal incapacity to grow, Psalm 116:16; and is made free and unfettered for the service of God, Gal. 5:1."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "How does it flow from adoption?", "answer": "In as much as the sincere milk of the word is desired by the new-born babes, that they may grow thereby, 1 Pet. 2:2."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "How does it flow from sanctification?", "answer": "In as much as the image of God, drawn upon the soul, is in sanctification, carried on to a nearer conformity, till we shall be perfectly like him, when we shall see him as he is, 1 John 3:2."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "Do believers grow in grace at all times?", "answer": "They have a principle of growth, the seed of God remaining in them, 1 John 3:9; but they do not grow at all times; they have their winters, Song 2:11, in which the influences of grace, necessary for growth, are ceased, 5:2."}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "Whence is it that the believer's growth ceases at any time?", "answer": "Faith being like the pipe that received the oil from the bowl to each lamp in the candlestick, Zech. 4:2; if that pipe be stopped, or the saint's faith lie dormant and inactive, then all the rest of the graces will also languish and decay, Psalm 27:13."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "How is growth in grace revived, after the languishings and decays of it?", "answer": "The pipe of faith remaining still at the Fountain, as a bond of union between Christ and the soul, the Lord Jesus clears this mean of conveyance, and then the influences for growth flow, and the believer's graces look fresh and green again, Hos. 14:7 - \"They that dwell under his shadow shall return; they shall revive as the corn, and grow as the vine.\""}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "Since the tares have their growth, as well as the wheat, Matt. 13:26, how shall we distinguish between the growth of hypocrites, and the growth of the true Christian?", "answer": "The distinction lies in the nature of the growth: the growth of the true Christian is regular and proportionable in all the parts of the new man; it is a \"growing up into him in all things who is the head,\" Eph. 4:15; whereas, hypocrites when they get more knowledge into their heads, and no more holiness into their hearts, may be more taken up with the externals of religion than formerly, and yet as great strangers to the power of godliness as ever, 2 Tim. 3:5."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "What are the several ways in which believers grow at once?", "answer": "They grow inwardly and outwardly; upward and downward, Isaiah 37:31."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "How do believers grow inwardly?", "answer": "By uniting more closely to Christ, and cleaving more firmly to him as the head of influences, which is the spring of all other true Christian growth, Eph. 4:15."}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "How do they grow outwardly?", "answer": "By being fruitful in good works in their life and conversation, Titus 3:8."}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "How do they grow upward?", "answer": "In heavenly-mindedness and contempt of the world, Phil. 3:20 - \"Our conversation is in heaven.\""}, {"item_id": "52", "question": "How do they grow downward?", "answer": "In humility and self-abasement; the branches of the largest growth in Christ, are, in their own eyes, \"less than the least of all saints,\" Eph. 3:8; yea, \"the chief of sinners,\" 1 Tim. 1:15; they see that they can do nothing, 2 Cor. 3:5; that they deserve nothing, Gen. 32:10; and that they are nothing, 2 Cor. 12:11."}, {"item_id": "53", "question": "May not Christians mistake their case, by measuring their growth in one of these ways, exclusively of the rest of them?", "answer": "Yes; if, for instance, they measure it upwards, and not at all downwards; for, though a Christian may want the sweet consolations and flashes of affection, which he has sometimes had, yet, if he be growing in humility, self-denial, and a sense of needy dependence on the Lord Jesus, he is a growing Christian, Hos. 14:5 - \"I will be as the dew unto Israel; he shall - cast forth his roots as Lebanon.\""}, {"item_id": "54", "question": "When believers cannot perceive their growth, how may they know if they have true grace at all, how ever weak?", "answer": "If they have any measure of self-loathing on account of sin, Ezek. 36:31; if they have a desire for grace, Neh. 1:11; if they prize Christ above all things, Phil 3:8; and if they love his members for his sake, 1 John 5:1."}, {"item_id": "55", "question": "What is meant by perseverance in grace?", "answer": "A continuing still in the state of grace, and the habitual practice of godliness, to the end, John 10:28."}, {"item_id": "56", "question": "Can none who are justified, adopted, and sanctified, fall totally and finally from grace?", "answer": "No; they can neither fall totally from all grace nor finally without recovery; for, \"those that thou gavest me,\" says Christ, \"I have kept, and none of them is lost,\" John 17:12."}, {"item_id": "57", "question": "How is the perseverance of the saints infallibly secured?", "answer": "By the immutability of electing love, Jer. 31:3; by an indissoluble union with Christ, Rom. 8:38, 39; by the merit of his purchase, 1 Pet. 1:18, 19; by the prevalency of his intercession, Luke 22:32; by the inhabitation of the Spirit, John 14:16; and by the power of a promising God, 1 Pet. 1:5."}, {"item_id": "58", "question": "What promise, among others, have believers for their perseverance in grace to the end?", "answer": "They have that remarkable promise, in Jer. 32:40 - \"I will not turn away from them to do them good; but I will put my fear in their hearts, that they shall not depart from me.\""}, {"item_id": "59", "question": "What security have believers by this promise.", "answer": "They are secured on every side; both that God will never cast them off, and that they shall never depart from him."}, {"item_id": "60", "question": "What is the ground, in law, upon which believers are secured, that God will never cast them off, and that they shall never depart from him?", "answer": "Christ's perseverance in obedience to the law for them, till the condition of the covenant was perfectly fulfilled, Phil. 2:8, by which their perseverance was purchased, and infallibly secured, Titus 2:14."}, {"item_id": "61", "question": "Do all who make a zealous profession of religion persevere in it?", "answer": "No; many of them afterwards fall away, John 6:66."}, {"item_id": "62", "question": "What may we conclude about those who fall totally and finally from their profession?", "answer": "That they were never in reality what they professed themselves to be, 1 John 2:19 - \"They went out from us, but they were not of us; for if they had been of us, they would no doubt have continued with us; but they went out, that they might be made manifest, that they were not all of us.\""}, {"item_id": "63", "question": "What are the chief branches of the promise of perseverance?", "answer": "A promise of the continued influence of grace, Isaiah 27:3; and a promise of continued pardon for the sins of the believer's daily walk, Jer. 33:8."}, {"item_id": "64", "question": "Why is the promise of the continued influences of grace necessary?", "answer": "Because the stock of inherent grace would soon fail: of itself, it would wither away, and die out, if it were not fed, John 15:16."}, {"item_id": "65", "question": "Why is the promise of continued pardon necessary to the perseverance of saints already justified?", "answer": "Not as if there were any need of new pardons with respect to their state; because none of their sins can bring them afterwards under the guilt of eternal wrath, Rom. 8:1; but only with respect to the sins of their daily walk, which bring them under the guilt of fatherly anger, Psalm 89:30-32."}, {"item_id": "66", "question": "How is the pardon of the sins of their daily walk granted to believers?", "answer": "Upon their renewed actings of faith in Jesus Christ, and of repentance towards God; yet not FOR their believing and repenting, but for Christ's sake, 1 John 2:1, 2, even as the first pardon is given, chap. 1:7."}, {"item_id": "67", "question": "Does repentance then go before the pardon of sin?", "answer": "Although repentance does not go before, but follows after the pardon of sin in justification; yet not only faith but repentance also, goes before the pardons given to those who are already justified, 1 John 1:9 - \"If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins.\""}, {"item_id": "68", "question": "How does the perseverance of the saints flow from their justification?", "answer": "In as much as they who are once justified, and accepted in the Beloved, are always so; for \"the gifts and calling of God are without repentance,\" Rom. 11:29."}, {"item_id": "69", "question": "How does their perseverance flow from adoption?", "answer": "In as much as he who has adopted them as his children, is their everlasting Father, Isaiah 9:6; and therefore they shall abide in his house for ever, John 8:35."}, {"item_id": "70", "question": "How does it flow from their sanctification?", "answer": "In as much as the sanctifying Spirit is given them to abide with them for ever, John 14:16; and to be in them a well of water, springing up into everlasting life, John 4:14."}, {"item_id": "71", "question": "What improvement should be made of this connexion of the benefits and blessings that accompany and flow from justification, adoption, and sanctification?", "answer": "It should excite in us a desire after the saving knowledge of the truth, as it is in Jesus, in whom all the lines of divine truth meet, as in their centre, Eph. 4:21; and to admire the infinite goodness and wisdom of God, who has so linked all the blessings of the covenant into one another, that they who are possessed of one, are possessed of all, 1 Cor. 3:22, 23."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "37", "sort_key": 37, "question": "What benefits do believers receive from Christ at death?", "answer": "The souls of believers are, at their death, made perfect in holiness, and do immediately pass into glory; and their bodies being still united to Christ, do rest in their graves till the resurrection.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Why are the persons spoken of in the ANSWER, called believers?", "answer": "Because they have been enabled, by grace, to credit the truth of God in his promise, and to embrace the good that is in it, Heb. 11:13."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the difference between believers, and others, in their death?", "answer": "Believers die in virtue of the promise of the covenant of grace, in which death is made over to them unstinged, as a part of Christ's legacy, 1 Cor. 3:22; whereas all others die in virtue of the threatening of the covenant of works, Gen. 2:17, having the sting of death sticking fast both in their souls and bodies."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the sting of death?", "answer": "The sting of death is sin, 1 Cor. 15:56; and the curse is the inseparable companion of sin, Gal. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What security in law have believers against the sting of death?", "answer": "Christ's receiving it into his own soul and body, as their Surety, that they might be delivered from it: wherefore the promise of victory over death, made to him, Isaiah 25:8, secures the disarming of it to them, 1 Cor. 15:57."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How many fold are the benefits which believers receive from Christ at their death?", "answer": "They are twofold; such as respect their SOULS, and such as respect their BODIES."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "How does it appear that the souls of believers exist in a state of separation from their bodies?", "answer": "From the Lord's calling himself the \"God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob,\" long after their death, as an evidence that their souls were living; for \"God is not the God of the dead, but of the living,\" Matt. 22:32; and from the death of believers being called a departure, 2 Tim. 4:6; intimating that the soul, upon its separation, departs only from the earthly house of this tabernacle, to a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens, 2 Cor. 5:1."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Are the souls of men absolutely and independently immortal?", "answer": "No; God only is so, 1 Tim. 6:16 - \"Who only hath immortality.\""}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "In what sense then are souls immortal?", "answer": "In that, as to their natural constitution, they are incorruptible, having no inward principle of corruption, but remaining in a state of activity after the death of the body, Heb. 12:23 - \"The spirits of just men made perfect.\""}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "How do you prove the immortality of the soul from the nature of it?", "answer": "In its nature, it is a spiritual, immaterial, or incorporeal substance: and, therefore, where there is no composition of parts, there can be no dissolution of them, Luke 24:39 - \"A spirit hath not flesh and bones.\""}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "How are we sure that the soul shall never be annihilated?", "answer": "From the promise of everlasting happiness to the righteous; and the threatening of everlasting misery to the wicked, Matt. 25:46 - \"These shall go away into everlasting punishment; but the righteous into life eternal.\""}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What are the benefits conferred upon the SOULS of believers, upon their separation from their bodies?", "answer": "They are made perfect in holiness, and do immediately pass into glory, Heb. 12:23; Philip. 1:23."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "How does it appear, that the souls of believers are not made perfect in holiness, while united to their bodies in this life?", "answer": "From the remains of corruption and indwelling sin which cleave to the best of the saints of God, while in an imbodied state, Rom. 7:23, 24."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "In what consists that perfect holiness which is conferred upon the souls of believers at their separation?", "answer": "Not only in a perfect freedom from all sin, as to the very being of it, Rev. 21:4, but in a perfect likeness and conformity to God, 1 John 3:2."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What comfort may the believer have, in the prospect of the separation of his soul from his body?", "answer": "That as sin made its first entrance into him at the union of his soul and body, so it shall be for ever cast out at their separation; in which respect, among many others, death is great gain, Phil. 1:21."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Why must the souls of believers be perfectly holy at their separation?", "answer": "Because nothing that defileth can enter within the gates of the heavenly Jerusalem, Rev. 21:27."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What is the necessary concomitant of the soul's perfect holiness?", "answer": "Perfect and uninterrupted communion with God, 1 John 3:2."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Where is this perfect and uninterrupted communion to be enjoyed?", "answer": "In glory, 1 Cor. 13:12."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "When do the souls of the saints pass into glory?", "answer": "As they are made perfect in holiness immediately upon their separation, so do they likewise immediately pass into glory."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Why is it said in the answer that they pass immediately into glory?", "answer": "To show that the fiction of a middle state, between heaven and hell, invented by the papists, has no manner of warrant, or foundation in scripture."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "How do you prove from scripture, that the souls of believers, upon their separation from their bodies, pass immediately into glory?", "answer": "The soul of that certain beggar, named Lazarus, was immediately, upon its separation, \"carried by the angels into Abraham's bosom,\" Luke 16:22; in like manner the soul of the thief upon the cross was immediately glorified; for, says Christ to him, \"To-day shalt thou be with me in paradise,\" Luke 23:43; and Stephen, among his last words, prays, \"Lord Jesus, receive my spirit,\" Acts 7:59; plainly intimating, that he firmly believed his soul would be with Christ' in glory immediately after death."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What is that glory into which the souls of believers immediately pass?", "answer": "\"Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man, the things which God hath prepared for them that love him,\" 1 Cor. 2:9. However, since naked discoveries of the heavenly glory, divested of earthly resemblances, would be too bright for our weak eyes; such is the condescension of God, that he has been pleased to represent to us heaven's happiness, under similitudes taken from earthly things, glorious in the eyes of men."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What are the similitudes by which this glory, into which the souls of believers immediately pass, is held forth in scripture?", "answer": "It is compared to a kingdom, Luke 12:32; to a \"house not made with hands,\" 2 Cor. 5:1; to an \"inheritance incorruptible,\" 1 Pet. 1:4; and to a \"better country,\" Heb. 11:16."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Why is the heavenly glory compared to a kingdom?", "answer": "Because of the fulness of all spiritual and eternal good, of which the saints are there possessed; and the glorious dignity to which they are advanced, Rev. 1:6 - \"And hath made us kings and priests unto God and his Father.\""}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Why is it called a house not made with hands?", "answer": "To signify the unspeakable excellency of the heavenly mansions, above the most stately palaces built by the hands of men."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Why is it said to be an incorruptible inheritance?", "answer": "To intimate, that the happiness of the saints will be of an unfading nature for ever, 1 Pet. 5:4 - \"Ye shall receive a crown of glory that fadeth not away.\""}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "Why is it called a better country?", "answer": "To show that there is no comparison between \"the things which are seen, and are temporal, and the things which are not seen, and are eternal,\" 2 Cor 4:18."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What benefits do believers receive from Christ, at death, with respect to their bodies?", "answer": "Their bodies, being still united to Christ, do rest in their graves till the resurrection, Isaiah 57:1, 2; Job 19:26."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "How does it appear that the bodies of believers in their graves remain still united to Christ?", "answer": "The union was with the person of believers, of which their bodies are a part; and this union being indissoluble, it must still subsist with their bodies in the grave, as well as with their souls in heaven, Isaiah 26:19."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "How may believers be assured of this from the union between the two natures in the person of Christ?", "answer": "Because, as at the death of Christ, though his soul was separated from his body, yet neither the one nor the other were separated from his divine person, but remained as firmly united to it as ever; so neither the soul nor body of the believer shall be separated from Christ by their separation from one another at death, but both of them remain indissolubly united to him for ever, Rom. 8:38, 39."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "What is the difference of the grave to the righteous and to the wicked?", "answer": "To the one the grave is a resting-place; but to the other it is a prison-house, where they are kept in close custody for the judgment of the great day, Dan. 12:2."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "Why are the bodies of the saints said to REST in their graves?", "answer": "Because their graves are like beds of ease, where their bodies lie in safety, till they shall be awakened in the morning of the resurrection, Isaiah 57:2."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "How is their resting in the grave expressed in scripture?", "answer": "By \"sleeping in Jesus,\" 1 Thess. 4:14; intimating, that they sleep in union with Jesus, and that his Spirit keeps possession of every particle of their dust, which he will quicken and rebuild as his temple at the last day, Rom. 8:11."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "How long will they rest in their graves?", "answer": "Till the resurrection of all the dead at the great day, John 5:29."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "How may believers be assured of receiving these promised benefits from Christ at their death?", "answer": "They may be assured of them, upon this ground, that the promises of these benefits to them are all ingrafted upon the promises made to him, as their glorious head, before the world began, 2 Tim. 1:9; Titus 1:2."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "Upon what promise made to Christ, is the promise of disarming death, to the dying believer, ingrafted? Hos. 13:14 - \"O death, I will be thy plagues.\"", "answer": "It is ingrafted upon the promise made to him, of complete victory over death, Isaiah 25:8 - \"He will swallow up death in victory.\""}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "Upon what ground may believers be assured that their souls, at death, shall immediately pass into glory?", "answer": "The promise of transporting their souls into heaven, immediately upon the separation from their bodies, (Luke 23:43 - \"Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, Today shalt thou be with me in paradise,\") is ingrafted upon the promise made to Christ, that when he should make his soul an offering for sin, he should see his seed, Isaiah 53:10."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "Upon what promise made to Christ is the promise of destroying death, to the dead believer, ingrafted; Hos. 13:14 - \"O grave! I will be thy destruction?\"", "answer": "It is ingrafted upon the promise made to him, of the resurrection of his mystical members, Isaiah 26:19 - \"Thy dead men shall live, together with my dead body shall they arise. Awake, and sing, ye that dwell in the dust.\""}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "38", "sort_key": 38, "question": "What benefits do believers receive from Christ at the resurrection?", "answer": "At the resurrection, believers being raised up in glory, shall be openly acknowledged and acquitted in the day of judgment, and made perfectly blessed in the full enjoying of God to all eternity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Will not all others of mankind be raised as well as believers?", "answer": "Yes; \"There shall be a resurrection of the dead both of the just and unjust,\" Acts 24:15."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How do you prove, that there will be a general resurrection of the dead?", "answer": "From the power of God, which CAN raise them, and from the scriptures, which affirm that he WILL do it; by which two arguments, our Lord proves the doctrine of the resurrection, against the Sadducees, Matt. 22:29 - \"Jesus answered and said unto them, Ye do err; not knowing the scriptures, nor the power of God.\""}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How does it appear that God CAN raise the dead?", "answer": "Since his power was able to speak the world into being out of nothing, surely the same power can as easily raise up the bodies of men out of their former dust, and put them into order after their dissolution, Rom. 4:17."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What scripture instances has God given of his power in raising the dead?", "answer": "In the Old Testament; the son of the widow of Sarepta was raised, when he was but newly dead, 1 Kings 17:22; the Shunamite's son, when he had lain dead a considerable time, 2 Kings 4:35; and the man cast into the sepulchre of Elisha, when they were burying him, chap. 13:21. In the New Testament; the daughter of Jairus, Mark 5:41, and Dorcas, Acts 9:40, were both raised to life, when lately dead; the widow's son in Nain, when they were carrying him out to bury him, Luke 7:12, 15; and Lazarus, when dead four days, John 11:39, 44."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How can the dust of men's bodies be distinguished and separated, when the ashes of many generations are mingled together?", "answer": "With men it is impossible, but not with God; for, whoever believes an infinite understanding, Psalm 147:5, must own, that no mass of dust can be so intermixed, but that God perfectly comprehends and infallibly knows how the most minute particle, and every one of them is to be matched; and therefore knows where the particles of each body are, and how to separate them one from another."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "How is it evident from the scriptures, that God WILL raise the dead?", "answer": "From several passages therein, which expressly affirm that he will do so, such as, Dan. 12:2 - \"And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake; some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt.\" John 5:28, 29 - \"All that are in their graves shall hear his voice, and shall come forth: they that have done good unto the resurrection of life, and they that have done evil unto the resurrection of damnation.\" See also Job 19:26, 27; Acts 24:15."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "How did our Lord prove the resurrection against the Sadducees, who held only the five books of Moses as most authentic?", "answer": "From Ex. 3:6 - \"I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.\" From whence he argues, Luke 20:37, 38 - \"Now, that the dead are raised, even Moses showed at the bush, when he called the Lord, the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob: for he is not the God of the dead, but of the living.\""}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the force of this argument for proving the resurrection?", "answer": "It amounts to this: he is the God of their persons, and not the God of their souls only; and therefore, though their souls, in a separate state, love, worship, and praise him; yet their bodies must also be raised out of the dust, and be restored to life by the soul's resuming its possession, that they may, as living persons, or men, having soul and body united, love, serve, and adore him; and have the full enjoyment of all the blessings contained in his being their God, Heb. 11:16."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Will the self-same body that dies be raised again?", "answer": "Yes; it will be, for substance, the same body that will be raised, though endued with other qualities. The very notion of a resurrection implies as much; since nothing can be said to rise again, but that which falls."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "How do you prove from scripture, that the self-same body that dies, shall be raised again?", "answer": "Death, in scripture-language, is a sleep, and the resurrection, an awakening out of that sleep, Job 14:12; which shows the body rising up, to be the self-same that died; and the apostle tells us, that it is this mortal, which must put on immortality, 1 Cor. 15:53; and that Christ shall \"change our vile body, that it may be fashioned like unto his glorious body,\" Phil. 3:21."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "How do you prove this from the equity of the divine procedure?", "answer": "Though the glorifying of the bodies of the saints cannot, in a strict sense, be said to be the reward of their services or sufferings on earth; yet it is not agreeable to the manner of the divine dispensation, that one body serve him, and another be glorified; that one fight, and another receive the crown."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Will the same bodies of the wicked, which are laid in the dust, be also raised again?", "answer": "Yes; that the same body which sinned may suffer: it being unsuitable, that one body be the instrument of sin here, and another suffer in hell for that sin."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "By what means will the dead be raised?", "answer": "\"The Lord Jesus himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel and with the trump of God,\" 1 Thess. 4:16; and at his alarming voice, which shall be heard all the world over, the scattered dust of all the dead shall be gathered together, dust to its dust; and likewise every soul shall come again to its own body, never more to be separated."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "In what order will they be raised?", "answer": "\"The dead in Christ shall rise FIRST,\" 1 Thess. 4:16."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What will become of those who shall be found alive at the second coming of Christ?", "answer": "They shall not die, and soon after be raised again; but they shall be changed, in some such manner as Christ's body was on the mount, when transfigured; and they shall become like those bodies of the saints which are raised out of their graves, 1 Cor. 15:51."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "In what time will the dead be raised, and the living changed?", "answer": "\"In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump,\" 1 Cor. 15:52."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What will be the difference between the resurrection of the godly, and that of the wicked?", "answer": "The godly shall be raised by virtue of the SPIRIT of Christ, the blessed bond of their union with him, Rom. 8:11; and they shall come forth out of their graves with unspeakable joy, Isaiah 26:19 - \"Awake and sing, ye that dwell in the dust:\" but the wicked shall be raised by the POWER of Christ, as a just Judge; and they shall come forth with unspeakable horror and consternation, as so many malefactors, \"to be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power,\" 2 Thess. 1:9."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "In what state and condition will the bodies of believers be raised?", "answer": "They shall be raised up in glory, 1 Cor. 15:43."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is meant by the glory in which they shall be raised?", "answer": "That they shall be incorruptible, glorious, powerful, and spiritual bodies, 1 Cor. 15:42-44 - \"It is sown in corruption, it is raised in incorruption; it is sown in dishonour, it is raised in glory; it is sown in weakness, it is raised in power; it is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body.\""}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What do you understand by the bodies of believers being raised incorruptible?", "answer": "That they shall leave all the seeds of corruption behind them, in the grave; and be for ever incapable of any pain, sickness, or death: that they shall have an everlasting youth and vigour, no more subject to the decays which age produces in this life, Isaiah 33:24."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Why are their bodies said to be glorious?", "answer": "Because they shall \"be fashioned like unto Christ's glorious body,\" Phil. 3:21; not only beautiful, comely, and well proportioned, but full of splendour and brightness; for they shall \"shine forth as the sun in the kingdom of their Father,\" Matt. 13:43."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Why are they said to be powerful or strong bodies?", "answer": "Bec:use they shall be able to bear up, under an \"exceeding and eternal weight of glory,\" 2 Cor. 4:17; and rest not day and night, but be, without intermission, for ever employed, in the heavenly temple, to sing and proclaim the praises of God, Rev. 4:8; weariness being a weakness incompetent to an immortal body."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "In what respect will they be spiritual bodies?", "answer": "Not in respect of their being changed into spirits, (for they shall still retain the essential properties of bodies,) but in respect of their spirit-like qualities and endowments: they shall be nimble and active, and of a most refined constitution; for \"they shall hunger no more, neither thirst any more;\" and they shall never sleep, \"but serve him day and night in his temple,\" Rev. 7:15, 16."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What will follow immediately upon the resurrection of the dead?", "answer": "The day of judgment, Rev. 20:13."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What kind of a day will the day of judgment be?", "answer": "It will be a day of wrath and vengeance to the wicked, 2 Thess. 1:8, 9; but a day of complete redemption to the godly, Luke 21:28."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What will be the privilege of believers in the day of judgment?", "answer": "They shall be openly acknowledged and acquitted, Matt. 25:23."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What is it to be acknowledged by Christ in that day?", "answer": "It is to be owned by him, as the blessed of his Father, for whom the kingdom of heaven is prepared, Matt. 25:34 - \"Then shall the King say to them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world.\""}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What is it for believers to be acquitted in the day of judgment?", "answer": "It is not only to be vindicated from all calumny and false aspersions cast upon them here, 1 Cor. 4:5, but to have all their sins declaratively pardoned, Acts 3:19."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What is the difference between the acquitting of believers, when they are justified in this life, and the doing of it in the day of judgment?", "answer": "In this life, believers are acquitted secretly, out of the sight of the world, and frequently without any intimation of it to themselves; but, then, the acquittal shall be pronounced in the most solemn and public manner."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Is not this what is meant by their being openly acknowledged and acquitted?", "answer": "Yes; for it shall be done before God, angels, and men, Rev. 3:5; Matt. 25:34- 41."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "Why will it be done so openly?", "answer": "For the greater honour and comfort of the saints and the greater shame and confusion of their enemies, Isaiah 66:5 - \"Your brethren that hated you, and cast you out for my name's sake, said, Let the Lord be glorified; but he shall appear to your joy, and they shall be ashamed.\""}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "On what account shall they be acquitted in that day?", "answer": "On the very same account they are justified here; namely, for Christ's righteousness sake, imputed to them, and received by faith alone, Rom. 3:24."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "What benefits shall believers receive after the day of judgment in heaven?", "answer": "They shall be made perfectly blessed in the full enjoying of God to all eternity, 1 Thess. 4:17 - \"So shall we be ever with the Lord.\""}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "What is it to be perfectly blessed?", "answer": "It is to be entirely free from all misery, and fully possessed of all happiness, Rev. 21:4, 7."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "In what does the highest pitch of happiness consist?", "answer": "In the full enjoying of God, the chief good, Psalm 73:25."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "In what way and manner will God be fully enjoyed in heaven?", "answer": "By such a perfect knowledge of him as shall have no measure set to it except what arises from the finite capacity of the creature, 1 Cor. 13:12; for otherwise a creature's comprehensive knowledge of an infinite being is impossible, Job 11:7."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "How many ways will God be perfectly and satisfactorily known?", "answer": "Two ways; the one is by sight, which will satisfy the understanding; and the other is by experience, which will satisfy the will."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "What is it that will give the greatest satisfaction to the bodily eyes in heaven?", "answer": "A beholding that glorious and blessed body, which is united to the person of the Son of God, Job 19:27."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "Will not the glory of the man Christ Jesus be unspeakably superior to the glory of all the saints?", "answer": "Yes, surely; for, though the saints shall shine forth as the sun, yet not they, but the Lamb, shall be the light of the heavenly city, Rev. 21:23."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "What is it that will make the glory of the human nature of Christ, shine with a peculiar lustre, in the eyes of the saints?", "answer": "It is the indissoluble subsistence of that nature in the person of the Son, as the everlasting bond of union between God and them, John 17:23 - \"I in them, and thou in me, that they may be made perfect in one.\""}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "Is not the blissful sight of God in heaven, something else than the sight of that glory, which we will see with our bodily eyes, in the man Christ, or in the saints, or any other splendour and refulgence51 from the Godhead whatsoever?", "answer": "Yes; for no created thing can be our chief good and happiness, nor fully satisfy our souls; and as these things are somewhat different from God himself, so the scriptures assure us, that we shall see God, Matt. 5:8, and see him as he is, 1 John 3:2."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "How will the saints see God, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, in heaven?", "answer": "Not with their bodily eyes, in respect of which, God is invisible 1 Tim. 1:17; but with the eye of the understanding, being blessed with the most perfect, full, and clear knowledge of God and divine things, of which the creature is capable, 1 Cor. 13:12."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "What is the difference between believers seeing God here, and their seeing him there?", "answer": "Here they have only a sight, as it were, of his back parts: but there they shall see his face, Rev. 22:4; it is but a passing view they can have of him here, but there they shall eternally, without interruption, feed the eyes of their souls upon him, Psalm 17:15 - \"As for me, I will behold thy face in righteousness: I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with thy likeness.\""}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "What will the eyes of the saints be eternally fed upon?", "answer": "They will be for ever contemplating his infinite love, his unchangeable truths, and wonderful works, with the utmost complacency and delight, Psalm 16:11 - \"In thy presence is fulness of joy, at thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore.\""}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "How will the saints in heaven contemplate the infinite love of God towards them?", "answer": "They shall be admitted to look into his heart, and there have a clear, distinct, and assured view of the love he bore to them from eternity, and will bear to them for evermore; for he has said, \"I have loved thee with an everlasting love,\" Jer. 31:3. \"Enter thou into the joy of thy Lord,\" Matt. 25:23."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "How will they contemplate God's unchangeable truths?", "answer": "The light of glory will be a complete commentary on the Bible, and will disclose the whole treasure hid in that field, Psalm 36:9 - \"In thy light shall we see light.\""}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "Will there be any occasion for written or printed Bibles in heaven?", "answer": "By no means, for the unchangeable truths of God, recorded in that holy book, will be indelibly stamped upon the minds of the redeemed company, as the subject of their everlasting song, Isaiah 59:21 - \"My words - shall not depart - out of the mouth of thy seed's seed, saith the Lord, from henceforth and for ever.\" 1 Pet. 1:25 - \"The word of the Lord endureth for ever.\""}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "What comprehension will they have of the wonderful works of God, particularly of creation?", "answer": "Their knowledge of all the creatures will then be brought to perfection, and they will see, that in wisdom he has made them all, Psalm 104:24."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "What views will they have of adorable providence?", "answer": "They will see the checkered web of providence spread out at its full length, and that there was a necessity for all the trials and troubles they met with in time, 1 Pet. 1:6."}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "How will the saints in heaven contemplate the glorious work of redemption?", "answer": "It will be the matter of their eternal admiration; they shall for ever and alternately wonder and praise, and praise and wonder, at the mysteries of wisdom and love, goodness and holiness, mercy and justice, that shine through the whole of that glorious device, Rev. 1:5, 6."}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "What is the experimental knowledge the saints shall enjoy of God in heaven?", "answer": "It is the participation of the divine goodness in full measure, accompanied with a most lively sense of it in the innermost part of their souls, Rev. 7:17 - \"The Lamb shall lead them to living fountains of water;\" which are no other than God himself, \"the fountain of living waters,\" Who will fully and freely communicate himself to them."}, {"item_id": "52", "question": "In what respect will the communication of God, to the experience of the saints in heaven, be full?", "answer": "In as much as they shall not be limited to any measure, but the enjoyment shall go as far as their most enlarged capacities can reach, Psalm 81:10."}, {"item_id": "53", "question": "Will the capacities of the saints above be of equal size?", "answer": "As there will be different degrees of glory, (the saints in heaven being compared to stars, which are of different magnitudes, Dan. 12:3;) so, some capacities will contain more, and others less, yet all shall be filled, and have what they can hold, Psalm 16:11."}, {"item_id": "54", "question": "In what will consist the freedom of God's communicating himself to the experience of the saints in heaven?", "answer": "In the unrestrained familiarity which he will there allow them with himself; he shall walk in them, 2 Cor. 6:16; his fulness shall ever stand open to them, there being no veil between him and them, to be drawn aside, for they shall see him face to face, 1 Cor. 13:12."}, {"item_id": "55", "question": "What will be the result of the free communication, and full participation of the divine goodness in the upper sanctuary?", "answer": "Perfect likeness to God, and unspeakable joy: hence says the Psalmist, \"I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with thy likeness: - In thy presence is fulness of joy,\" Psalm 17:15, and Psalm 16:11."}, {"item_id": "56", "question": "Why will perfect likeness to God follow upon the beatific vision of him?", "answer": "Because the seeing of God in all his matchless excellencies, no more \"through a glass darkly, but face to face,\" cannot but be attended with a swallowing up of all the imperfections of the saints, into a glorious transformation to his blessed image, 1 John 3:2 - \"We shall be like him, for we shall see him as he is.\""}, {"item_id": "57", "question": "Why is the communication, and participation of God in heaven, accompanied with unspeakable joy?", "answer": "Because of the undoubted certainty, and full assurance which the saints have of the eternal duration of the same: the enjoyment of God being always fresh and new to them, through the ages of eternity; for they shall drink of living fountains of waters continually springing up in abundance, Rev. 7:17."}, {"item_id": "58", "question": "Why will the saints in heaven have an undoubted certainty of their full enjoyment of God to all eternity?", "answer": "Because the everlasting GOD himself will be their eternal life and happiness, 1 John 5:20 - \"This is the true God and eternal life.\" Isaiah 60:19 - \"The Lord shall be unto thee an everlasting light, and thy God thy glory.\" Hence it is said of heaven, that \"the glory of God doth lighten it;\" and that the Lamb is the light thereof, Rev. 21:23."}, {"item_id": "59", "question": "What improvement ought we to make of these benefits which believers receive from Christ at the resurrection?", "answer": "We should \"be diligent, that we may be found of him in peace, without spot, and blameless,\" 2 Pet. 3:14; and occupy the talents he has given us, until he come, Luke 19:13; we should \"judge ourselves, that we may not be judged,\" 1 Cor. 11:31; and because \"the end of all things is at hand,\" we should \"therefore be sober, and watch unto prayer,\" 1 Pet. 4:7; yea, we should \"hope to the end, for the grace that is to be brought unto us at the revelation of Jesus Christ,\" 1 Pet. 1:13."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "39", "sort_key": 39, "question": "What is the duty which God requires of man?", "answer": "The duty which God requires of man, is obedience to his revealed will.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Why are the principles of faith, in the Shorter Catechism, treated of, before duties of obedience?", "answer": "To show, that man's duty cannot be rightly performed, unless it flow from a belief of these principles, as the root and spring of it, Heb. 11:6."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What do you understand by man's duty?", "answer": "That which he owes to God, out of love and gratitude, Luke 17:10."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is it that man thus owes to God?", "answer": "Constant and universal obedience, 1 Sam. 15:22."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "From whence does our obligation of obedience to God arise?", "answer": "From his universal supremacy, and sovereign authority over us, as rational creatures, Lev. 18:5, who depend entirely upon him, for our \"life, and breath, and all things,\" Acts 17:25."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What motive or excitement have Christians, above others, to the duties of obedience?", "answer": "They have the revelation of God's free love, mercy, and grace in Christ, bringing salvation to them, which should teach them to \"live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world,\" Titus 2:12."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the only rule and measure of our obedience?", "answer": "The revealed will of God, Isaiah 8:20."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Why is our obedience limited to God's revealed will?", "answer": "Because it is necessary that God should signify to us, in what instances he will be obeyed, and the manner how our obedience is to be performed; otherwise, it would rather be a fulfilling of our own will than his, Micah. 6:8."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Where has God revealed his will, as the rule and measure of our obedience?", "answer": "In the scriptures of the Old and New Testament, 2 Tim. 3:16."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the difference between God's secret and revealed will?", "answer": "His secret will is reserved to himself, as the rule of his own procedure; but his revealed will is made known to us, as the rule of our faith and obedience, Deut. 29:29 - \"The secret things belong unto the Lord our God; but those things which are revealed belong unto us, and to our children for ever, that we may do all the words of this law.\""}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Is it not agreeable to the revealed will of God that we give obedience to the just commands of our lawful superiors?", "answer": "Yes; for thus we are commanded, 1 Pet. 2:13 - \"Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man, for the Lord's sake.\""}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the difference between the obedience we should yield to God, and that which we should give to our lawful superiors?", "answer": "We should obey God for himself, or out of regard to his own authority, as the very ground and reason of our obedience; but we should obey our superiors, only in the Lord; or, as their commands are agreeable to his will, Eph. 6:1 - \"Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right.\""}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is our duty, when the commands of superiors are contrary to the commands of God?", "answer": "In that case we ought, without the least hesitation, \"to obey God rather than men,\" Acts 5:29; Dan. 3:18."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Why ought God to be obeyed rather than men, when their commands are opposite?", "answer": "Because, \"God alone is the Lord of the conscience, James, 4:12, and has left it free from the doctrines and commandments of men, which are in any thing contrary to his word,\" Acts 4:19.54"}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the nature of that obedience which is acceptable to God?", "answer": "It is such as flows from a vital union with Christ, and faith in him, as the principle of it, John 15:4, 5; is performed in a due manner, Psalm 5:7; and aims at the glory of God, as its highest and ultimate end, 1 Cor. 10:31."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What encouragement does God give us to essay a universal obedience to his revealed will?", "answer": "That he requires nothing of us in point of duty, but what he promises strength and furniture for the performance of, Ezek. 36:27 - \"I will - cause you to walk in my statutes, and ye shall keep my judgments, and do them.\""}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "40", "sort_key": 40, "question": "What did God at first reveal to man, for the rule of his obedience?", "answer": "The rule which God at first revealed to man for his obedience, was the moral law.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How are the laws of God distinguished?", "answer": "Into natural and positive."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the law of God natural, or the law of nature?", "answer": "It is that necessary unalterable rule of right and wrong, founded in the infinitely holy and just nature of God, to which men, as reasonable creatures, cannot but be indispensably bound, Rom. 2:14, 15."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What do you understand by positive laws?", "answer": "Such institutions as depend only upon the sovereign will and pleasure of God, and which he might not have enjoined, and yet his nature remain the same; such as, the command about not eating the forbidden fruit, and all the ceremonial precepts under the old dispensation."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Where were the dictates of the law of nature originally inscribed?", "answer": "A fair copy of them was originally written upon the heart or mind of man at his creation; because he was made after the image of God, Gen. 1:27."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Do these dictates become just and reasonable, because they are commanded; or, are they commanded, because they are just and reasonable in their own nature before?", "answer": "They are commanded, because they are just and reasonable in their own nature, antecedently to any divine precept about them, being founded in the very holiness and wisdom of God, Psalm 111:7, 8."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Did the dictates of the law of nature undergo any change or alteration in the mind of man, after the fall?", "answer": "The law of nature, being the natural instinct of the reasonable creature, implanted in the soul by God himself can never be totally erased or obliterated, as to its common and general principles, and immediate conclusions flowing from them; though, with reference to such native consequences as are more remote, it is grossly corrupted, and even altered and perverted, by the vicious and depraved nature of man, Rom. 1:21, 32."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What are the common and general principles of the law of nature, which are still engraved, in some measure, upon the minds of men, even where they have no written law?", "answer": "They are such as these; that God is to be worshipped: parents to be honoured: none are to be injured: that we should not do to others, what we would not wish them to do to us; and the like."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "How do you prove that these, and the like principles, are still ingrained in man's nature, even where there is no written law?", "answer": "From Rom. 2:14 - \"The gentiles, which have not the law,\" namely, the written law, \"do by nature the things contained in the law.\""}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "How does it appear from men's own consciences, that they have innate principles of right and wrong implanted in their natures?", "answer": "From their consciences excusing or accusing them, as they commit actions manifestly agreeable or disagreeable to these innate or inbred principles, Rom. 2:15."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What are the horrid, though native, consequences, of denying innate principles of right and wrong?", "answer": "The denial of this saps the foundation of all religion, natural and revealed; subverts all difference between moral good and evil; and, consequently, opens a wide door to gross and downright atheism."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Is there any difference between the law of nature and the moral law?", "answer": "Although the same duties which are contained in the law of nature, are prescribed also in the moral law, yet there is this difference, that in the law of nature, there is nothing but what is moral; but in the moral law there is something also that is positive, namely, the means of worship, and circumscribing the particular day for the observance of the Sabbath."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the meaning of the word moral, when applied to the law?", "answer": "Though the word literally has a respect to the manners of men, yet, when applied to the law, it signifies that which is perpetually binding, in opposition to that which is binding only for a time."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Was there any express revelation of the moral law made to Adam in his state of innocence?", "answer": "He needed no express revelation of this, because it was interwoven with his very nature in his creation after the image of God, Eccl. 7:29 - \"God made man upright.\""}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Why then is it said in the answer, that the moral law was the rule which God at first revealed to man?", "answer": "Because it was so distinctly written in his heart, and impressed in his nature, that it was equal to an express revelation."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Is the moral law to be viewed only as the RULE of our obedience?", "answer": "It must be viewed also as the REASON of it. We must not only do what is commanded, and avoid what is forbidden in the law; but we must also do good, for this very reason, that God requires it, and avoid evil, because he forbids it, Lev. 18:4, 5 - \"I am the Lord your God, ye shall THEREFORE keep my statutes, and my judgments.\""}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Are the precepts of the moral law of immutable obligation, so as that they in no case can be dispensed with?", "answer": "With respect to God, those precepts which do not flow absolutely and immediately from his own nature, may, in certain particular cases, be altered or changed, provided it be done by his own express appointment; but with respect to man, all the precepts of the moral law are of immutable obligation, and none of them can in any instance be dispensed with by him, Matt. 5:18."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Did not God dispense with the law against manslaughter, when he commanded Abraham to offer his only son Isaac for a burnt-offering upon one of the mountains in the land of Moriah, which he was to tell him of? Gen. 22:2.", "answer": "Though Abraham, it would seem, looked upon this mysterious command of his sovereign Lord, to be peremptory, in as much as he immediately took journey with his son, to put the divine order into execution; yet in the issue it proved only to be probatory, to discover to Abraham himself the reality of his faith, and the submissiveness of his obedience to God, as flowing from it, ver. 12, 16, 17."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Would Abraham have been guilty of murder, had he been permitted to sacrifice his son, on this occasion?", "answer": "No; because he had the warrant of the most unquestionable authority, even the authority of the Lord, the Creator of the ends of the earth, for so doing, ver. 2."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Is the moral law a perfect rule of life and manners?", "answer": "It is so perfect that nothing can be superadded to it, or corrected in it, Psalm 19:7 - \"The law of the Lord is perfect.\""}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Did Christ supply any defects of the law, or correct any mistakes in it?", "answer": "No; he acted the part of an interpreter and defender of the law, but not of a new lawgiver; as is evident from his explaining the law, and vindicating it (Matt. chapters 5, 6 and 7) from the corrupt glosses that were put upon it."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Did not Christ say, John 13:34, \"A new commandment I give unto you, that ye love one another?\"", "answer": "This commandment was not new as to the substance of it, for it is the sum of the second table of the law, Matt. 22:39; and therefore called an \"old commandment, which we had from the beginning,\" 1 John 2:7, 2 John ver. 5; but it is called new, because it was enforced with the new motive and example of Christ's unparalleled love to us, imported in the words immediately following: \"As I have loved you, that ye also love one another.\""}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Is the moral law abrogated under the New Testament?", "answer": "By no means; for Christ came not to destroy the law, but to fulfil it, Matt. 5:17."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Can righteousness and life be attained by the moral law, since the fall?", "answer": "No; for, \"by the works of the law, shall no flesh be justified,\" Gal. 2:16."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Of what use, then, is the law to men, since righteousness and life cannot be attained by it?", "answer": "It is, notwithstanding, of much use, both to unregenerate sinners and to saints; \"for the law is good, if a man use it lawfully,\" 1 Tim. 1:8; that is, in a suitableness to the state in which he is, either as a believer or unbeliever."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Of what use is the law, to unbelievers, or to unregenerate sinners?", "answer": "It is useful to discover to them their utter impotence and inability to attain justification and salvation by the works of it; and thus it is a schoolmaster to bring them to Christ, that they may be justified by faith, Gal. 3:24.55"}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "How is the law a schoolmaster to bring sinners to Christ?", "answer": "By requiring spotless holiness of nature; perfect, personal, and perpetual obedience in this life; and full satisfaction for sin: which none of mankind being capable of, they are thus shut up to see the need they stand in of Christ, who has done all these things for them; \"for Christ is the end of the law for righteousness, to every one that believeth,\" Rom. 10:4."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "Has the law this effect upon all the unregenerate?", "answer": "No; the most part of them remain deaf to the dictates of the law, both as to their sin and danger, and are therefore rendered inexcusable, Rom. 1:20."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "Of what use is the law to the regenerate, or to believers?", "answer": "It is of use to excite them to express their gratitude and thankfulness to Christ for his fulfilling it as a covenant, Rom. 8:3, 4; by their studying conformity to it, both in their hearts and lives, as the RULE of their obedience, Rom. 7:22, and 12:2.56"}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "How can the moral law be the rule of obedience to believers, when it is said of them, Rom. 6:14, that they are not under the law?", "answer": "Though they are not under the law as a covenant of works, to be either justified or condemned by it, yet they are under it as a rule of duty, and account it their happiness and privilege to be so, 1 Cor. 9:21."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "What may we learn from the nature of the moral law in general?", "answer": "That God having so clearly pointed out his own nature, and in a manner expressed his very image in it, Lev. 9:2, we ought to loathe and abhor ourselves for our want of conformity to it, and our innumerable transgressions of it, Psalm 40:12; and fly to the Lord Jesus, that by his righteousness imputed, the righteousness of the law may be fulfilled in us, Rom. 8:3, 4."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What other laws did God give to the Jews, besides the moral law?", "answer": "He gave them also the CEREMONIAL and JUDICIAL laws."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What was the CEREMONIAL law?", "answer": "It was a system of positive precepts, respecting the external worship of God in the Old Testament church; chiefly designed to typify Christ, as then to come, and to lead them to the knowledge of the way of salvation through him, Heb. 10:1."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "What were the principal ceremonies about which this law was conversant?", "answer": "They were such as respected sacred persons, places, and things."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "Who was the chief sacred person among the Jews?", "answer": "The high priest, who was ordained for men in things pertaining to God, Heb. 5:1."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "In what respect was he a type of Christ?", "answer": "His being consecrated with a plentiful effusion of the holy anointing oil typified the immeasurable communication of the Spirit to Christ, Psalm 133:2; John 3:34; and his bearing the names of the children of Israel upon his shoulder, and in the breast-plate, signified that Christ is the representative of all his spiritual seed, and has their concerns continually at heart, Isaiah 49:3, 16."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "Were not the other ordinary priests of Aaron's family likewise types of Christ?", "answer": "Yes; for in as much as they daily offered sacrifices according to the law, Heb. 10:11, they were typical of him, who \"now once in the end of the world, hath appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself,\" chap. 9:26."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "What were the sacred places under the old dispensation?", "answer": "The tabernacle and temple."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "What was the tabernacle?", "answer": "It was a movable and portable tent, secured from the injuries of the weather, by several coverings; the whole planned by God himself, and executed by Moses in the wilderness, precisely according to the pattern showed him on the mount, Heb. 8:5."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "How was it enclosed?", "answer": "By a large or spacious court, open above, but hung round with curtains of fine twined linen, five cubits, or seven and a half feet high, Ex. 27:18."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "When and where was the temple built?", "answer": "It was built by Solomon, at Jerusalem, on Mount Moriah, four hundred and eighty years after the children of Israel came out of Egypt; and, consequently, about the same number of years after the tabernacle was set up in the wilderness, 1 Kings 6:1, compared with 2 Chron. 3:1."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "Was the plan of the temple the contrivance of human skill?", "answer": "No; like the tabernacle, it was devised by God himself; for David gave to Solomon, his son, the pattern of the whole of it, as he had it, by the Spirit, 1 Chron. 28:11, 12. And after enumerating several particular parts of the model, \"All this,\" said David, \"the Lord made me understand in writing by his hand upon me, even all the works of this pattern,\" verse 19."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "What did the tabernacle and temple typify?", "answer": "Among other things, they both of them typified the human nature of Christ, which was assumed into union with his divine person, John 2:19, 21."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "How many apartments were there, in these sacred places?", "answer": "Besides the large outward court, to which any of all Israel had access, who were not ceremonially unclean, there were, both in the tabernacle and temple, two sacred apartments; the first, called the holy, and the second, the most holy place, separated by an embroidered veil of cunning work, Ex. 26:31-34."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "What did these several apartments signify?", "answer": "The outward court might signify the church visible, consisting in a mixture of saints and sinners; the holy place, the church invisible on earth, made up only of the true members of Christ's mystical body; and the holiest of all represented heaven itself, or the church triumphant in glory."}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "What were the sacred things, in the outward court, which was before the tabernacle?", "answer": "They were these three; the laver, the sacrifices, and the altar on which they were offered."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "What was the laver?", "answer": "It was a brazen vessel for holding water, made of the mirrors, or polished pieces of brass, presented by the \"women who assembled at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation,\" Ex. 38:8."}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "Where was it situated?", "answer": "\"Between the tabernacle of the congregation and the altar,\" Ex. 30:18."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "Why was it placed there?", "answer": "That Aaron and his sons might wash their hands and their feet thereat, when they went into the tabernacle, or when they came near to the altar to minister, under no less penalty than death, verse 19-21."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "Why was this ordinance of the priest's washing at the laver, enjoined under so severe a penalty?", "answer": "To point out the absolute necessity of the application of the blood and Spirit of Christ to the soul, as that without which there can be no escaping of eternal death, 1 John 1:7, compared with Rom. 6:23."}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "What was the subject matter of the sacrifices?", "answer": "Such of the clean beasts and fowls, specified by God himself, as were perfectly free of any blemish or imperfection, Lev. 22:20."}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "What was signified by the sacrifices being without blemish?", "answer": "The spotless holiness and purity of the human nature of Christ, which was sacrificed for us, 1 Pet. 1:19."}, {"item_id": "52", "question": "What were the instructive ceremonies that were used in expiatory sacrifices or burnt-offerings?", "answer": "The sins of the offerers were to be typically laid upon the head of the sacrifice, Lev. 1:4; next, it was to be slain by blood-shedding, ver. 5; and then, it was to be consumed wholly, or in part, with fire upon the altar, ver. 9."}, {"item_id": "53", "question": "What was signified, by charging the sins of the offerers upon the head of the sacrifice?", "answer": "That the sins of an elect world were laid on Christ, to be expiated by him, Isaiah 53:6."}, {"item_id": "54", "question": "What was typified, by shedding the blood of the sacrifice unto death?", "answer": "That the blood of Christ was to be \"shed for many, for the remission of sins,\" Matt. 26:28."}, {"item_id": "55", "question": "What was signified, by consuming the sacrifice with fire upon the altar?", "answer": "That the whole of that infinite wrath, which was due to sinners, and would have been consuming them for ever, was poured out upon the glorious Surety, and endured by him, Isaiah 53:10."}, {"item_id": "56", "question": "Upon what altar were the sacrifices offered and consumed?", "answer": "Upon the brazen altar, or altar of burnt-offerings, which was placed without, before the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, Ex. 40:6; intimating, that the sacrifice of Christ, was to be perfected on this earth, John 19:30."}, {"item_id": "57", "question": "What was typified by this altar?", "answer": "As the altar sanctifieth the gift, Matt. 23:19, so this altar typified the divine nature of Christ, as giving infinite worth and value to the sacrifice of the human nature, because of the personal union, Heb. 9:14."}, {"item_id": "58", "question": "From whence originally came the fire, which was kept burning on the altar of burnt-offering?", "answer": "It came originally and immediately from God himself; for when Moses was dedicating the tabernacle in the wilderness, \"there came a fire out from before the Lord, and consumed, upon the altar, the burnt-offering, and the fat,\" Lev. 9:24. And afterwards at the dedication of Solomon's temple, \"when he had made an end of praying, the fire came down from heaven, and consumed the burnt-offering and the sacrifices,\" 2 Chron. 7:1."}, {"item_id": "59", "question": "What was signified by this fire coming immediately from before the Lord, or from heaven?", "answer": "It :ignified God's acceptance of, and acquiescence in, the obedience unto death of his own eternal Son, typified by all these expiatory sacrifices, Isaiah 42:21."}, {"item_id": "60", "question": "Why was the fire never to go out, but to be kept ever burning upon the altar? Lev. 6:13.", "answer": "To show that it was not possible that the blood of bulls and goats could take away sin, Heb. 10:4; and therefore to teach the people, under that dispensation, to look to the atoning blood of the Messiah, as that only which could quench the flame of divine wrath against sin, and be \"an offering and sacrifice to God, for a sweet smelling savour,\" Eph. 5:2, in which he might eternally rest."}, {"item_id": "61", "question": "What were the sacred things in the holy place, called the first tabernacle? Heb. 9:2.", "answer": "They were the candlestick, the table with the shew-bread, and the altar of incense."}, {"item_id": "62", "question": "What was typified by the CANDLESTICK?", "answer": "That all true spiritual light is conveyed to the church only from Christ, John 1:9, 18; and that, as the branches were supplied with oil from the body of the candlestick, so all the members are supplied out of the fulness of Christ for God giveth not the Spirit by measure unto him, chap. 3:34."}, {"item_id": "63", "question": "What was meant by the SHEW-BREAD, which was always set forth upon the table? Ex. 25:30.", "answer": "That in Christ, who is the bread of life, there is food continually for starving sinners of mankind, John 6:35; and that we may ever come to him for supply, because, \"in him dwelleth all the fulness of the Godhead bodily,\" Col. 2:9."}, {"item_id": "64", "question": "What was typified by the altar of INCENSE, which was placed immediately before the veil? Ex. 30:6.", "answer": "The incense which was continually burnt upon this altar, every morning and evening, Ex. 30:7, 8, (after the sacrifices were offered without, upon the altar of burnt-offering,) typified the prevalent intercession of Christ, founded upon his meritorious oblation, 1 John 2:1, 2."}, {"item_id": "65", "question": "What were the sacred and significant things contained in the most holy place, or holiest of all, as it is called? Heb. 9:3.", "answer": "The apostle to the Hebrews says, that \"the tabernacle which is called the holiest of all, - HAD the golden censer, and the ark of the covenant, overlaid round about with gold, wherein was the golden pot that had manna, and Aaron's rod that budded, and the tables of the covenant; and over it the cherubims of glory, shadowing the mercy-seat,\" Heb. 9:4, 5."}, {"item_id": "66", "question": "Did the golden censer, like other sacred utensils in the most holy place, remain in it perpetually?", "answer": "No; it remained no longer than the high priest continued within the veil, sprinkling the blood of the sin-offering \"upon the mercy seat, and before it,\" Lev. 16:14, during which time the cloud of incense, kindled with coals of fire from the altar of burnt-offering covered the mercy-seat, ver. 12, 13; and then, when the high priest retired from the most holy place, he carried off the golden censer with him to the altar of incense, where it lay till there was next occasion for it."}, {"item_id": "67", "question": "Why then was the holiest of all said to HAVE the golden censer?", "answer": "Because the principal use of it, was to carry in burning incense to the most holy place, along with the blood of the sacrifice on the great day of atonement, once every year, Lev. 16:12, 13."}, {"item_id": "68", "question": "What was typified by this cloud of incense carried in by the high priest to the most holy place, along with the blood of the sacrifice once a year?", "answer": "The infallible prevalency of Christ's intercession, because of the infinite merit of his satisfaction, Heb. 7:25."}, {"item_id": "69", "question": "What was the most eminent pledge of the divine presence, in this most holy place?", "answer": "The ark with the mercy-seat that covered it, Ex. 25:21, 22 - \"Thou shalt put the mercy-seat above upon the ark - and there will I meet with thee, and I will commune with thee.\""}, {"item_id": "70", "question": "What was put within the ark?", "answer": "Nothing but the two tables of stone, on which the Ten Commandments were written by the finger of God at Mount Sinai, 1 Kings 8:9 - \"There was nothing in the ark, save the TWO TABLES of stone, which Moses put there at Horeb.\""}, {"item_id": "71", "question": "Were not the golden pot that had manna, and Aaron's rod that budded, put within the ark, as it would seem from Heb. 9:4?", "answer": "No; it is expressly said, that both these were appointed to be laid up BEFORE the testimony, not IN IT, Ex. 16:34, and Num. 17:10."}, {"item_id": "72", "question": "What did the golden pot that had manna signify?", "answer": "The inexhaustible provision of all spiritual blessings laid up in Christ, for the members of his mystical body, John 6:54, 55."}, {"item_id": "73", "question": "What was typified by Aaron's rod that budded?", "answer": "The fixed choice that God had made of Christ, to the office of priesthood, he being called of God, as was Aaron, Heb. 5:4."}, {"item_id": "74", "question": "For what end was the ARK of the covenant properly made?", "answer": "It was for holding the two tables of the law, which are called the testimony, Ex. 25:16, says God to Moses, \"Thou shalt put into the ark the testimony which I shall give thee.\""}, {"item_id": "75", "question": "Why were the tables of the law called the two tables of testimony? Ex. 31:18.", "answer": "Because they testified the will of God to mankind as the unerring rule of duty, Isaiah 8:20."}, {"item_id": "76", "question": "Why were these tables put into the ark?", "answer": "To signify that the law, which was broken by the first Adam, was put up, as fulfilled in the second, Isaiah 42:21, that there might be \"no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus,\" Rom. 8:1."}, {"item_id": "77", "question": "Why were these tables called the tables of the covenant, and the ark containing them, the ark of the covenant? Heb. 9:4.", "answer": "Because the Ten Commandments, written on these tables, were the matter of the covenant of works made with Adam, as the head of his posterity, Rom. 10:5, and the fulfilment of them, both in point of doing and suffering was the condition of the covenant of grace, made with Christ, as the representative of his spiritual seed, Matt. 3:15."}, {"item_id": "78", "question": "What was the mercy-seat?", "answer": "It was a plate of solid gold, exactly fitted to the breadth and length of the ark, (Ex. 25 ver. 10 and 17, compared,) so as to be a lid, or covering to the tables of the covenant, which were within it, ver. 21."}, {"item_id": "79", "question": "Why was it called the mercy-seat?", "answer": "To intimate, that God is propitious and merciful to sinners, only through the meritorious satisfaction of Christ, Rom. 5:21."}, {"item_id": "80", "question": "What was signified by its being a lid, or covering, to the tables of the covenant?", "answer": "That the broken law was so hid or covered by the glorious Surety, who answered all its demands, Rom. 8:33, 35, that it could accuse none before God, who had \"fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before them,\" Heb. 6:18."}, {"item_id": "81", "question": "What was it that peculiarly belonged to the mercy-seat?", "answer": "The \"cherubims of glory shadowing it,\" Heb. 9:5."}, {"item_id": "82", "question": "What was represented by these cherubims?", "answer": "They represented the ministry and service of the holy angels to Christ and his church, Heb. 1:14."}, {"item_id": "83", "question": "Why called cherubims of glory?", "answer": "Because God manifested his glory from between them, Ex. 25:22, and gave gracious answers with respect to his church and people, Num. 7:89."}, {"item_id": "84", "question": "How did they shadow the mercy-seat?", "answer": "By stretching forth and spreading their wings over it, intimating their readiness to fly upon Christ's errands on all occasions, Psalm 104:4."}, {"item_id": "85", "question": "In what posture were the faces of these cherubims?", "answer": "They looked one to another, and towards the mercy-seat, Ex. 25:20."}, {"item_id": "86", "question": "What did this posture of their faces signify?", "answer": "Their looking one to another, signified their perfect harmony in serving the interests of Christ's kingdom, Ezek. 1:20; and their looking towards the mercy-seat, signified their desire to look, with the most profound veneration and wonder, into the adorable mystery of redeeming love, 1 Pet. 1:12 - \"Which things the angels desire to look into.\""}, {"item_id": "87", "question": "Who was allowed to enter into this most holy place?", "answer": "The high priest alone, without any to attend or assist him, Lev. 16:17; and in this he was an eminent type of Christ, who has the whole work of redemption laid upon his shoulders, \"And of the people there was none with him,\" Isaiah 63:3."}, {"item_id": "88", "question": "When did the high priest enter into the holiest of all?", "answer": "Only once every year; namely, on the great day of atonement, which was appointed to be a solemn anniversary fast, under that ceremonial dispensation, Lev. 16:29, 30."}, {"item_id": "89", "question": "In what manner did the high priest enter within the veil?", "answer": "He was expressly required to carry along with him the blood of the sacrifice, slain without the tabernacle, at the altar of burnt-offering, and the golden censer full of burning incense; without both which, he might by no means enter within the most holy place, Lev. 16:12-16."}, {"item_id": "90", "question": "What was typified by this solemnity?", "answer": "It typified the perpetual efficacy of the blood of Christ in heaven, for all the blessings and benefits for which it was shed on earth, Heb. 12:24."}, {"item_id": "91", "question": "Is the ceremonial law, or any part of it, obligatory now, under the New Testament?", "answer": "Although the divine truths, couched and signified under the ceremonies of God's own institution, be unchangeably the same, yet the observance of the ceremonies themselves is abrogated by the death and satisfaction of Christ, in whom they had their full accomplishment, John 1:17."}, {"item_id": "92", "question": "How do you prove that the ceremonial law was abolished by the death and satisfaction of Christ?", "answer": "From the utter destruction, many ages since, of the temple at Jerusalem, where only it was lawful to offer sacrifices; which adorable Providence would never have permitted, if these ceremonial institutions had been intended to subsist after the death of Christ, of whom it was foretold that he should \"cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease,\" Dan. 9:27. See also Jer. 3:16 - \"In those days, saith the Lord, they shall say no more, The ark of the covenant of the Lord; neither shall it come to mind, neither shall they remember it, neither shall they visit it, neither shall that be done any more.\""}, {"item_id": "93", "question": "What may we learn from the whole of this typical dispensation?", "answer": "That as the ceremonial law was a shadow of good things to come, Heb. 10:1, so it is a perpetual evidence of the faithfulness and power of God, in the full accomplishment of all the blessings that were prefigured by it, John 1:17."}, {"item_id": "94", "question": "What was the JUDICIAL law?", "answer": "It was that body of laws given by God, for the government of the Jews, partly founded in the law of nature, and partly respecting them, as they were a nation distinct from all others."}, {"item_id": "95", "question": "What were those laws which respected them as a people distinct from all others?", "answer": "They were such as concerned the redemption of their mortgaged estates, Lev. 25:13; the resting of their land every seventh year, Ex. 23:11; the appointment of cities of refuge for the man-slayer, Num. 35:15; the appearing of their males before the Lord at Jerusalem, three times in the year, Deut. 16:16; and the like."}, {"item_id": "96", "question": "Is this law abrogated, or is it still of binding force?", "answer": "So far as it respects the peculiar constitution of the Jewish nation, it is entirely abrogated; but in so far as it contains any statute, founded in the law of nature, common to all nations, it is still of binding force."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "41", "sort_key": 41, "question": "Wherein is the moral law summarily comprehended?", "answer": "The moral law is summarily comprehended in the Ten Commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is it to be summarily comprehended?", "answer": "It :s to be briefly summed up, in such few and well chosen words, as to take in a great deal more than what is expressed, Rom. 3:9."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Where is the moral law thus briefly summed up?", "answer": "In the Ten Commandments, Deut. 10:4."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Where is the law more largely and fully set forth?", "answer": "In the whole scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, Psalm 119:105."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "By whom were the Ten Commandments first pronounced and promulgated?", "answer": "By God himself, Exod. 20:1; \"GOD spake all these words.\""}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Whether was it God essentially considered, or God considered as in the person of the Son, who spake these words?", "answer": "It was the three-one God considered as in the person of the Son, who was the speaker of them; as is evident from Acts 7:37, 38, where the Prophet, whom the Lord was to raise up unto the Jews of their brethren, like unto Moses, is expressly called the angel which spake to him in Mount Sinai. See also Heb. 12:25, 26."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What was the peculiar work of God about these words, after he had spoken them with an audible voice, in the hearing of all Israel?", "answer": "He wrote or enjoyed them with his own finger, on two tables of stone, Deut. 9:10."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Was each of these tables written on both sides?", "answer": "It is said expressly that they were, Ex. 32:15. \"The tables were written on BOTH their sides; on the one side, and on the other were they written.\""}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What did this signify?", "answer": "The tables being fully written on both sides, signified that nothing was to be added to the words of the law, or taken away from them, Deut. 4:2; and likewise, that the whole man, soul, spirit, and body, must be sanctified wholly, 1 Thess. 5:23."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "How often were the commandments written on tables of stone?", "answer": "The first being broken by Moses, on occasion of the idolatry of Israel, Ex. 32:19, the Lord condescended to write on two other tables, the very same words that were on the former ones, chap. 34:1."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Was there any difference between the first two tables and the second?", "answer": "The first two, which were entirely the work of God, (the polishing as well as the engraving,) were broken beneath the mount, Ex. 32:16, 19; but the second, which were hewed by Moses, the typical mediator, were put into the ark, Deut. 10:3, 5."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What spiritual mystery was represented by this?", "answer": "That though the covenant of works, made with the first Adam, was broken and violated by him, yet it was fulfilled in every respect by Christ the true Mediator, who \"restored that which he took not away,\" Psalm 69:4."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Why were the Ten Commandments written on tables of stone?", "answer": "To intimate the perpetuity, and everlasting obligation of the moral law, Psalm 111:8."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What was signified by their being written with the finger of God?", "answer": "That it is the work of God, alone, to put his laws into the mind of sinners, and to \"write them in their hearts,\" Heb. 8:10."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Where was the law of the Ten Commandments thus expressly revealed?", "answer": "At Mount Sinai, which is also called Horeb, Deut. 5:2."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "In what form was the law of the Ten Commandments given out at Mount Sinai?", "answer": "In the form of a COVENANT, Deut. 5:2 - \"The Lord our God made a covenant with us in Horeb.\" Accordingly, the Ten Commandments are called the words of the covenant, Ex. 34:28; and the tables of stone are termed the tables of the covenant, Deut. 9:9."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Was the Sinai transaction in the form of the covenant of works, or in the form of the covenant of grace?", "answer": "There was, on that solemn occasion, a repetition of BOTH those covenants."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "In what order were these two covenants repeated on Mount Sinai?", "answer": "The covenant of grace was first promulgated, and then the covenant of works was displayed, as subservient to it."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "How does it appear that the covenant of GRACE was first promulgated?", "answer": "From these words in the preface, prefixed to the commands, I am the Lord thy God, spoken to a select people, the natural seed of Abraham, as typical of his whole spiritual seed, Gal. 3:16, 17."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "How are the Ten Commandments to be viewed, as they stand annexed to this promulgation of the covenant of grace on Mount Sinai?", "answer": "They are to be viewed as the law of Christ, or as a rule of life, given by Christ the Mediator to his spiritual seed, in virtue of his having engaged to fulfil the law, as a covenant, in their room, Rom. 7:4."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "How does it appear that the covenant of WORKS was likewise displayed on Mount Sinai?", "answer": "From the thunderings and lightnings, and the voice of the living God, speaking (the words of the Ten Commandments) out of the midst of the fire, Ex. 20:18; Deut. 5:22, 26."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What was signified by the thunderings and lightnings, and the voice of God, speaking out of the midst of the fire?", "answer": "These awful emblems represented that infinite avenging wrath, which was due to all of Adam's family, for the breach of the covenant of works, by which the whole of God's holy law was violated and infringed, Gal. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Why did God make a display of the covenant of works in such an awful and tremendous manner?", "answer": "That sinners of mankind might be deterred from the most remote thought of attempting obedience to the law as a condition of life; and be persuaded to fly to, and acquiesce in the undertaking of Christ, who engaged his heart to approach unto God, as Surety in the room of an elect world, Jer. 30:21."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "If both covenants, of grace and works, were exhibited on Mount Sinai, were not the Israelites, in that case, under both these covenants at one and the same time?", "answer": "They could not be under both covenants in the same respects, at the same time; and therefore they must be considered either as believers or unbelievers, both as to their outward church state and inward soul frame."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "In what respects were the believing Israelites, in the Sinaitic transaction, under both covenants?", "answer": "They were internally and really under the covenant of grace, as all believers are, Rom. 6:14, and only externally, under the above awful display of the covenant of works, as it was subordinate and subservient to that of grace, in pointing out the necessity of the Surety-righteousness, Gal. 3:24."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "In what respects were unbelievers among them, under these two covenants of works and grace?", "answer": "They were only externally, and by profession, in respect of their visible church state, under the covenant of grace, Rom. 9:4; but internally, and really, in respect of the state of their souls, before the Lord, they were under the covenant of works, chap. 4:14, 15."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "Which of the two covenants was the principal part of the Sinai transaction?", "answer": "The covenant of grace was both in itself, and in God's intention, the principal part of it; nevertheless, the covenant of works was the more conspicuous part of it, and lay most obvious to the view of the people; for they SAW \"the thunderings and the lightnings, and the noise of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking,\" Ex. 20:18. \"And so terrible was the sight, that Moses said, I exceedingly fear and quake,\" Heb. 12:21."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What effect had this tremendous display of the covenant of works upon the Israelites?", "answer": "It tended to beat them off, in some measure, from that self-confidence which they had expressed before the publication of the law, Ex. 19:8; and to discover the necessity of a Mediator, and of faith in him as the sole foundation of all acceptable obedience, Rom. 16:25, 26."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "How does it appear that it had this effect?", "answer": "From their own words to Moses, after the terrible sight which they saw, Deut. 5:27 - \"Speak thou unto us all that the Lord our God shall speak unto thee; and we will HEAR [that is, believe] and DO.\" On which account the Lord commends them, ver. 28, 29 - \"They have well said all that they have spoken: O that there were such a heart in them, that they would fear me, and keep all my commandments always, that it might be well with them, and with their children for ever!\""}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "In what respect had they said well in what they had spoken?", "answer": "In as much as they had made faith, or believing, the source and spring of acceptable doing; for, \"whatsoever is not of faith is sin,\" Rom. 14:23."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "How many commandments are commonly allotted to each of these two tables of the law?", "answer": "Four to the first table, containing our duty to God; and six to the second, containing our duty to man."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "How are the precepts, which are naturally moral, distinguished from those that are but positively so?", "answer": "The:precepts which are naturally moral have, in them, an innate rectitude and holiness, which is inseparable from them; but the precepts which are positively moral have their rectitude, not from their own nature, but from the positive command of God."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What example may be given of this for illustration?", "answer": "The Fourth Commandment, as it requires God to be worshipped, is naturally moral, founded in the very nature of God; but as it enjoins, that he be worshipped on such a particular day of the week, it is positively moral, founded entirely in the will of God."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "What is the difference between the commands that are expressed in affirmative, and those that are expressed in negative terms?", "answer": "\"What God forbids is at no time to be done, Rom. 3:8; what he commands is always our duty, Deut. 4:8, 9; and yet every particular duty is not to be done at all times, Matt. 12:7.\"57"}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "Why are negative precepts binding at all times?", "answer": "Because what is forbidden is at all times sinful; and ought never to be done, on any pretext whatsoever, Gen. 39:9."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What are the peculiar properties of the law of the Ten Commandments?", "answer": "That it is perfect, Psalm 19:7; spiritual, Rom. 7:14; and exceedingly broad, or most extensive, Psalm 119:96."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "What rule is to be observed for the right understanding of the perfection of the law?", "answer": "\"That it binds every one to full conformity in the whole man, unto the righteousness thereof, and to entire obedience for ever; so as to require the utmost perfection of every duty and to forbid the least degree of every sin, Matt. 5:21, to the end, James 2:10.\"58"}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "What rule is to be observed for understanding the spirituality of the law?", "answer": "That it reaches to the thoughts and motions of the heart, as well as to the words and actions of the life, Deut. 6:5.59"}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "What rule is to be observed for the right understanding of the breadth or extent of the law?", "answer": "That, as where a duty is commanded, the contrary sin is forbidden, Isaiah 57:13; and where a sin is forbidden, the contrary duty is commanded, Eph. 4:28; so, when any duty is commanded, all the causes and means of it are commanded also, Heb. 10:24, 25; and when any sin is forbidden, all occasions and temptations to it, are likewise forbidden, Gal. 5:26.60"}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "42", "sort_key": 42, "question": "What is the sum of the Ten Commandments?", "answer": "The sum of the Ten Commandments is, To love the Lord our God with all our heart, with all our soul, with all our strength, and with all our mind; and our neighbour as ourselves.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How is the sum of the Ten Commandments divided in this answer?", "answer": "Into the sum of the four commandments in the first table, which contain our duty to God; and into the sum of the six commandments in the second table, which contain our duty to man."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the sum of the four commandments in the first table, which contain our duty to God?", "answer": "It is to love the Lord our God, with all our heart, with all our soul, with all our strength, and with all our mind, Luke 10:27."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Why is this called \"the first and great commandment?\" Matt. 22:38.", "answer": "Because the duties of the first table have a more direct relation to God, as being the immediate object of them, or, because love to our neighbour should flow from love to God, as the proper fountain and principle of it, 1 John 5:1."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is meant by the sum of the commandments?", "answer": "The comprehensive duty of the law, which includes all other duties in the bosom of it, Rom. 13:9."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is the comprehensive duty of the law?", "answer": "It is LOVE; for \"love is the fulfilling of the law,\" Rom. 13:10."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the nature of that love which is the comprehensive duty of the law?", "answer": "It is such as flows from faith, as the source and fountain of it; for \"faith worketh by love,\" Gal. 5:6."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What ought to be the supreme object of our love?", "answer": "The Lord, or JEHOVAH himself, as he is our God, Deut. 30:6."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "How many ways may the Lord be said to be our God?", "answer": "Two ways; either by external revelation and offer; or, by special property and possession."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "To whom does he make the external revelation and offer of himself, as their God?", "answer": "To all such of mankind, without exception, as have the word of this salvation sent to them, Proverbs 8:4; Heb. 8:10."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "When is he our God by special property and possession?", "answer": "When by faith we are united to Christ, 1 Cor. 3:23, in whom mercy and truth are met together, righteousness and peace have kissed each other, Psalm 85:10."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is it to love the Lord our God with all our heart?", "answer": "It is to love him unfeignedly, without hypocrisy or dissimulation, Rom. 12:9."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is it to love him with all our soul, and mind?", "answer": "It is to have an intelligent, cordial, and affectionate love to God; expressed in all the duties, in which any power or faculty of the soul can be exercised, Isaiah 26:8, 9."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is it to love the Lord our God with all our strength?", "answer": "It is to love nothing so much as God, Matt. 10:37; and nothing but in subordination to him, Luke 14:26."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "How may we know, if we have such a supreme love to the Lord our God?", "answer": "If we love him purely for himself and his own matchless excellency, as shining in the face of Jesus, Song 1:3; if we account all things but loss in comparison of him, Phil. 3:8; and if we centre in him as the only resting-place of our souls for ever, Psalm 73:25, 26."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What is the sum of the six commandments in the second table, which contain our duty to man?", "answer": "It is to love our neighbour as ourselves, Matt. 22:39 - \"The second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.\""}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Why is the sum of the second table said to be like unto the sum of the first?", "answer": "Because the duties of the second table are enjoined by the same authority as those of the first, James 2:10."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "In which of the two tables is the lawful love of ourselves contained, seeing it is not expressly mentioned in either of them?", "answer": "It is fairly implied and supposed in both tables, particularly in the second, where love to ourselves is made the example and pattern, according to which we should love others, Luke 10:27 - \"Thou shalt love - thy neighbour AS thyself.\""}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What is lawful self-love?", "answer": "It is an aiming at our own happiness, in subordination to the glory of God, which ought to be our chief and ultimate end, 1 Cor. 10:31."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Whom are we to understand by our neighbour?", "answer": "All of mankind to whom we have any way access to be useful, either as to their temporal or spiritual good, Luke 10:36, 37."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What is it to love our neighbour as ourselves?", "answer": "It is to love him as truly and sincerely as we do ourselves, Eph. 5:29 - \"No man ever hated his own flesh, but nourisheth and cherisheth it.\""}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Should our love to our neighbour be as great as it is to ourselves?", "answer": "It is not required that it be as great in degree, but only that it be as sincere, and free of hypocrisy, as it is to ourselves, Rom. 12:9."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What is the rule according to which our love to our neighbour should be regulated?", "answer": "That we do to others what we would have them do to us, Matt. 7:12."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "How is this rule to be explained for preventing the abuse of it?", "answer": "That we do as we would be done to, from a well-informed judgment; and by such as place themselves in the same relations, and in the same circumstances with us."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Why are we enjoined to esteem others better than ourselves? Phil. 2:3.", "answer": "Because the more of the grace of God we have in our hearts, we will the more clearly see that we ourselves are the chief of sinners, 1 Tim. 1:14, 15, and have the seed of all sin in us, which would soon spring up into the worst of actions, if not restrained, Rom. 7:23."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What is the difference between the love we should have to all in general, and the love we should have to the saints in particular?", "answer": "We should love all men in general, with a love of benevolence, and likewise of beneficence according to our ability, Gal. 6:10; but we should love the saints with a love of complacency and delight, Psalm 16:3."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "How ought our love to extend itself to our enemies?", "answer": "By forgiving them, and praying for them, Matt. 5:44; Acts 7:60."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What may we learn from the sum of the commandments?", "answer": "That charity, or love, which is the end of the commandment, ought to flow from a pure heart, and a good conscience, and faith unfeigned, 1 Tim. 1:5."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "43", "sort_key": 43, "question": "What is the preface to the Ten Commandments?", "answer": "The preface to the Ten Commandments is in these words: I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "44", "sort_key": 44, "question": "What does the preface to the Ten Commandments teach us?", "answer": "The preface to the Ten Commandments teaches us, That because God is the Lord, and our God, and Redeemer, therefore we are bound to keep all his Commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is a preface?", "answer": "It is something spoken before, or a preparatory introduction to the following discourse."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": ":re these words, I am the Lord thy God, &c. to be understood as a preface to all the commandments, or to the first only?", "answer": "They are to be understood as a preface to them all, though they stand immediately connected with the first, as being the ground of the particular applicatory faith in a redeeming God, which is enjoined in it."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Why are the above words prefixed as a preface to all the commandments?", "answer": "Because they are designed as so many reasons and arguments to enforce our obedience to them."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Why does God give reasons to enforce obedience to his commands, when his will is the supreme law?", "answer": "To manifest his amazing condescension, in dealing with us in a suitableness to our natures as rational creatures, Hos. 11:4."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How many reasons or arguments are there in this preface, by which God enforces obedience to his law?", "answer": "Three; the first is, because he is THE LORD, or JEHOVAH; the second, because he is OUR GOD; and the third, because he is our REDEEMER."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Which of these three is the formal reason of obedience?", "answer": "The first, namely, God's essential greatness, as he is \"JEHOVAH, the Most High over all the earth,\" Psalm 83:18; though, at the same time, his relative goodness, as our God, and the deliverance he has accomplished as our Redeemer, are invincible arguments and motives to obey him, Lev. 19:36, 37."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the strength of the first argument for obedience, taken from God's being the Lord?", "answer": "The strength of it lies in this, That because God is JEHOVAH, \"the eternal, immutable, and almighty God, having his being in and of himself, and giving being to all his words and works:\"61 therefore, all obedience and subjection is due to him, Lev. 20:8."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "In what lies the strength of the second argument for obedience to God's law, taken from his being our God?", "answer": "It lies in this, that because he makes himself over to sinners of mankind, by a new covenant grant, in the word of divine revelation; therefore, this ought to sweeten all his commands, and powerfully excite us to the obedience of them, Lev. 20:7."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What does God make over to us in the word, when he makes a grant of himself in it to be our God?", "answer": "He makes over to us whatever he is, Hos. 13:4, and whatever he has, Psalm 84:11, as God, to be ours freely and eternally."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What does he make over to us when he makes a grant of whatever he is?", "answer": "He makes over to us both what he is essentially, and what he is personally."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What does he make over to us when he makes a grant of what he is essentially?", "answer": "All his glorious attributes and excellencies to be ours, Ex. 34:6; his infinity, to be the extent of our inheritance, Rev. 21:7; his eternity, to be the date of our happiness, John 14:19; his unchangeableness, to be the rock of our rest, Mal. 3:6; his wisdom, to direct us, Psalm 73:24; his power, to protect us, 2 Chron. 16:9; his holiness, to sanctify us, Ezek. 16:14; his justice, to justify and preserve us, Rom. 3:26; his goodness, to reward us in the way of grace, not of debt, 1 John 2:25; and his truth, to secure us in the accomplishment of all his promises, Heb. 10:23."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What does he make over to us, when he makes a grant of what he is personally?", "answer": "He makes over himself in the person of the Father, to be our God and Father in Christ, 1 Pet. 1:3; in the person of the Son, to be our Redeemer and Saviour, Isaiah 48:17; and in the person of the Holy Ghost, to be our Sanctifier and Comforter, John 14:16."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is it that he makes over to us, when he makes a grant of whatever HE HAS?", "answer": "As he has all the good things we can possibly need in time, or through eternity, so he makes them all freely over to us in the promise, \"All things are yours,\" 1 Cor. 3:21; for instance, he has life, for the quickening of us who are dead in trespasses and sins, Eph. 2:1; righteousness, for the justifying of us who are guilty, Isaiah 45:25; and redemption for delivering us who are lawful captives, chap. 49:24, 25. In a word, \"Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man, the things which God hath prepared for them that love him,\" 1 Cor. 2:9."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Is this grant that God makes of himself to us in the word, to be our God, no more than a mere argument, or motive to enforce our obedience?", "answer": "It also strengthens and enables us to obey God, Ezek. 36:27, 28."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How does the revelation of God's being our God, strengthen and enable us to obedience?", "answer": "In as much as by the revelation of this, the Holy Ghost is conveyed as the immediate efficient of holiness, Gal. 3:2; and Faith is produced in the soul, as the spring and fountain of it, chap. 5:6."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Why does God front his law with this grant of himself as the Lord our God?", "answer": "Because it comprehends all the promises of the covenant, and all the blessings that are wrapt up in them, and therefore is the best encouragement to the obedience of faith; for, because he is our God, he will give us one heart, and one way; he will not turn away from us to do us good, but will put his fear in our hearts, that we shall not depart from him, Jer. 32:38-40."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Why does God make this declaration of his grace in the present time I am and not in the future, I WILL be thy God?", "answer": "To show that God's covenant of promise is always a solid ground and foundation for the present actings of faith, in every case and circumstance in which we can be situated, James 2:23."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Why does God, in this grant, address the sinner in the singular number, I am thy God?", "answer": "That every individual sinner, to whom the revelation of his grace may come, should believe it with a particular applicatory faith, Zech. 13:9 - \"I will say, It is my people; and they shall say, The Lord is MY God.\""}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "How may we know, if ever we have, by faith, received the offer and grant that God makes of himself in the word?", "answer": "By our love and esteem of him, Ex. 15: by our reposing entire trust and confidence in him, Psalm 18:2; by our likeness and conformity to him, 1 John 3:3; and by our longing after the full fruition and enjoyment of him, Psalm 73:25."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What is the THIRD ARGUMENT, in the Preface, for enforcing our obedience?", "answer": "It is in these words: - which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "How are these words explained in our Catechism?", "answer": "Of our spiritual redemption by Jesus Christ; for, the preface to the Ten Commandments teaches us, That because God is the Lord, and our God, and REDEEMER, therefore we are bound to keep all his commandments."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "In what lies the strength of this argument, for enforcing our obedience to the commands of God?", "answer": "It lies in this, that as he brought Israel of old out of their bondage in Egypt, so he delivered us out of our spiritual thralldom; and therefore we should \"serve him without fear, in holiness and righteousness before him, all the days of our life,\" Luke 1:74, 75."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "In what respects did the deliverance of Israel out of Egypt resemble our spiritual redemption by Christ?", "answer": "The Israelites were made to serve the Egyptians with rigour, Ex. 1:14; so sinners, by nature, are under the most cruel bondage and servitude to sin and Satan, 2 Pet. 2:19; the Israelites were not able of themselves to shake off the Egyptian yoke, Ex. 2:23; no more are sinners of mankind capable of extricating themselves from a state of spiritual slavery in which they are naturally inthralled, Rom. 5:6; the Israelites were brought out of Egypt, \"with a strong hand and a stretched out arm,\" Psalm 136:12; so are we, out of our spiritual thralldom, by the mighty power of God, Psalm 110:2, 3; the Egyptians were destroyed, when Israel were delivered, Ex. 14:28; so principalities and powers were spoiled, Col. 2:15, transgression finished, Dan. 9:24, and death unstinged, 1 Cor. 15:55, when our redemption was accomplished, ver. 57."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Seeing the deliverance of Israel, which was typical of our spiritual deliverance, was brought about by divine power, without the payment of a price, will it follow, that our spiritual redemption was also without a price?", "answer": "By no means; unless the similitude between the type and the antitype held in every respect, which it cannot possibly do; for, though there be a resemblance between them in some things, yet there is always a disparity in others; as might be made evident in every one of the scriptural types and metaphors, to which divine things are compared: for instance, Jonah was alive in the whale's belly, whereas Christ was actually dead in the grave."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Since God brought all the Israelites, without exception, out of Egypt, does it not from thence follow, that Christ redeemed all mankind from their spiritual bondage?", "answer": "No; because the Israelites did not typify and represent all mankind, but the elect only, Psalm 135:4."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "How do you prove that the elect only, and not all mankind, were redeemed by Christ?", "answer": "From the Father's gift of them to him from eternity, John 17:6; from his representing them in his death, John 10:11; and from his intercession within the veil for them only, John 17:9 - \"I pray for them; I pray not for the world, but for them which thou hast given me.\""}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "Are the purchase and intercession of Christ precisely of the same extent?", "answer": "Surely they are; for, his intercession being founded on his purchase, and consisting in a presentation of the merit of it before the throne, Heb. 9:24, it clearly follows, that the one can be no more extensive than the other, John 17:24 - \"Father, I will that they also Whom thou hast given me, be with me where I am.\""}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "How then are those scriptures to be explained, which seem to speak of a universal purchase of all mankind; such as, that Christ died for all, 2 Cor. 5:15; that he tasted death for every man, Heb. 2:9; that he is the propitiation also for the sins of the whole world, 1 John 2:2; and the like?", "answer": "They are to be explained in a limited sense, of some only, and not of every individual of mankind; as the like general terms are undoubtedly to be understood in other places of scripture; such as Col. 1:6, and Rev. 13:3; for, if it is alleged, that the above scripture expressions prove a universal purchase, it may be said, with the same parity of reason, that they prove a universal application of it, which few will assert."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "Does not the universal offer of Christ prove the universal redemption of all, at least within the visible church?", "answer": "No; it only proves the unquestionable duty of all to believe, upon the call and command of God, 1 John 3:23; and the infinite intrinsic worth of the satisfaction of Christ for the salvation of all, had it been so designed, chap. 4:14."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Does the redemption purchased by Christ bring any benefit or advantage to the reprobate world?", "answer": "It is owing to it that the gospel is sent among them, John 4:4; that temporal judgments are shortened, Mark 13:20; and it is on account of the elect, who are to spring of them, that they are preserved for awhile in this world, Rom 11:30; but then these, or the like benefits, are not to be considered as the fruit of Christ's purchase to the reprobate themselves, but to the elect only, who are living among them, 2 Cor. 4:15, or who are to descend from them, Isaiah 6:13."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "In what consists the spiritual bondage we are naturally under, and redeemed from by Christ?", "answer": "It consists in our being under the wrath of God, John 3:18; the guilt, power, and pollution of sin, Rom. 8:7; the tyranny of Satan, Eph. 2:2; the snares and temptations of the world, 1 John 2:16; and in our liability to the pains of hell for ever, Matt. 25:46."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What right had Christ to be our Redeemer from this state of spiritual bondage?", "answer": "He had a right of property, and a right of propinquity."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "How had he a right of property?", "answer": "As God, he is the original owner, Rom. 9:21; and as Mediator, he has the elect given to him by his Father, John 17:6."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "How has he a right of propinquity?", "answer": "He has it by the legal union which subsisted between him and us from eternity, in virtue of his being made a surety of a better testament, Heb. 7:22; and by the assumption of our nature in time, by which he became our kinsman, and \"is not ashamed to call us brethren,\" Heb. 2:11, 12."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What does God's delivering Israel out of the land of Egypt teach us, with respect to his church and people in general?", "answer": "It teaches us, that as affliction is the lot of the Lord's people, in this present evil world, so deliverance from it is secured in due time, Psalm 34:19 - \"Many are the afflictions of the righteous, but the Lord delivereth him out of them all.\""}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "What is the difference between the afflictions of the godly, and those of the wicked?", "answer": "The afflictions of the godly are the chastisements of a gracious Father, flowing from love, and designed for their profit, Heb. 12:6, 10; but the afflictions of the wicked are the punishments of an avenging Judge, flowing from wrath, and designed for their ruin and destruction, Eccl. 5:17."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "What improvement ought we to make of our spiritual redemption?", "answer": "It should excite us to \"stand fast in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free, and not to be entangled again with the yoke of bondage,\" Gal. 5:1; to ascribe all the praise of our spiritual liberty to our glorious Deliverer, Rev. 1:5, 6; and to testify our gratitude and thankfulness, to him, by a conversation becoming the gospel, Phil. 1:27."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "45", "sort_key": 45, "question": "Which is the First Commandment?", "answer": "The First Commandment is, Thou shalt have no other gods before me.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "46", "sort_key": 46, "question": "What is required in the First Commandment?", "answer": "The First Commandment requireth us to know and acknowledge God to be the only true God, and our God; and to worship and glorify him accordingly.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Why are most part of the commands of the law delivered in negative terms?", "answer": "Because negative precepts are of the strictest obligation, binding always, and at all times."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Why is the First Commandment, in particular, so expressed?", "answer": "Bec:use of the perpetual propensity of our nature, since the fall, to depart from the living God, \"through an evil heart of unbelief,\" Heb. 3:12."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Why is this commandment set in front of all the rest?", "answer": "To teach us, that the having JEHOVAH to be our God, is the leading and fundamental duty of the law, Ex. 15:2, which sweetly and powerfully influences obedience to all the other commands of it, Psalm 118:28."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What influence has obedience to the first, upon obedience to the other precepts of the law?", "answer": "As obedience to the First Commandment, is to believe that God is our God, upon the gift of himself to us, in these words, I am the Lord thy God; so, without believing this it is impossible we can do any thing else that will please him, Heb. 11:6; for \"whatsoever is not of faith is sin,\" Rom. 14:23."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Why do this, and other commands, run in the second person singular, THOU, and not in the plural, YOU, or YE?", "answer": "To signify, that God would have us to take his commandments, as spoken to each of us in particular, as if we were mentioned by name."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the connexion between the preface and the First Commandment?", "answer": "The preface reveals and exhibits the object of faith, and the First Commandment enjoins the duty of believing on that object: the one makes a grant of grace, and the other warrants us to lay hold on it."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Are the preface and First Commandment of equal extent?", "answer": "Yes; every one to whom the promise in the preface is revealed, is obliged, by the command, to believe it, with application, John 3:18."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Can the obligation of the law be in the least weakened by the grace of the gospel, published in the preface?", "answer": "So far from it, that it is impossible for any man to share of the grace of the gospel, published in the preface, but in a way of believing, enjoined in the first command of the law, Rom. 3:31 - \"Do we make void the law through faith? God forbid.\""}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What are the chief duties required in the First Commandment, as thus connected with the preface", "answer": "To know and acknowledge God, to be the only true God, and our God; and to worship and glorify him accordingly."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What KNOWLEDGE of God does the First Commandment require?", "answer": "It requires us to know that God is; and that he is such a God as he has manifested himself to be in his word, Heb. 11:6."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What has God manifested himself to be in his word?", "answer": "He has manifested himself to be, \"The Lord, the Lord God merciful and gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in goodness and truth, keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity, transgression, and sin, and that will by no means clear the guilty;\" namely, without a satisfaction, Ex. 34:6, 7; or, he has manifested himself to be in Christ, reconciling the world to himself, 2 Cor. 5:19."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is it to know God as he is in Christ?", "answer": "It is to know that he is well pleased for Christ's righteousness' sake, because he has magnified the law, and made it honourable, Isaiah 42:21."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "How is the knowledge of God usually distinguished?", "answer": "Into speculative or common, and practical or saving knowledge."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the speculative or common knowledge of God?", "answer": "It is only a floating knowledge of him in the head, without any saving influence or efficacy upon the heart and practice; as is to be found in ungodly persons or hypocrites, who may \"profess that they know God, but in works they deny him,\" Titus 1:16."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What is it to have a saving and practical knowledge of God?", "answer": "It is to have such a lively apprehension of his relation to us as our God in Christ, as is accompanied with an habitual conformity to his will, in heart and life, 1 John 2:3, 4."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What are the evidences of true saving knowledge?", "answer": "It is an experimental, Col. 1:6, interesting, Psalm 41:11, sanctifying, 2 Pet. 1:8, and humbling knowledge, Job 40:4, 5."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What is it to acknowledge God?", "answer": "It is to own, avouch, and confess him, both in secret, and before the world, Rom. 10:10, - \"With the mouth confession is made unto salvation.\""}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Why are the knowing and acknowledging of God joined together?", "answer": "Because wherever the saving knowledge of God is implanted in the heart, there will be always some evidences of it, either to ourselves, or others, discovered in the life, Dan. 11:32 - \"The people that do know their God, shall be strong, and do exploits.\""}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What should we know and acknowledge God to be?", "answer": "We should know and acknowledge him to be the only true God, and our God."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What is it to know and acknowledge God to be the only true God?", "answer": "It is to believe and profess, that he alone, and none else, is possessed of all infinite perfection, and that the perfections of the divine nature are most eminently displayed and manifested in the person of Christ, our only Saviour and Redeemer, Hos. 13:4 - \"Thou shalt know no God but me: for there is no Saviour besides me.\""}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What is it to know and acknowledge God to be our God?", "answer": "It is to profess our relation to him, as his people, upon the faith of the grant that he makes of himself to us as ours, in the word; Deut. 26:17, 18; Psalm 48:14."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Can we know and acknowledge God to be our God, (as required in this commandment) unless we believe in Christ?", "answer": "No; for \"no man cometh unto the Father but by me,\" says Christ - \"He that hath seen me hath seen the Father,\" John 14:6, 9."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Is not faith, or believing in Christ, a gospel precept only, and not required in the law?", "answer": "By no means; for, in the gospel, strictly and properly taken, as it is contradistinct from the law, there can be no precept; because the gospel in this strict sense, is nothing else than a PROMISE, or glad tidings of a Saviour, with grace, mercy, and salvation in him, for lost sinners of Adam's family; according to the following scriptures, Gen. 3:15; Isaiah 61:1-3; Luke 2:10, 11."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Since faith and repentance are duties consequently to the entrance of sin, and the revelation of the gospel, must they not therefore be new precepts, not given to Adam in innocence?", "answer": "Though there was no occasion for the exercise of these duties in an innocent state; yet Adam being bound by the law of creation, (particularly the Ten Commandments, given him in the form of a covenant of works,) to believe whatever God should reveal, and obey whatever he should command; no sooner was the gospel revelation made, than the very same law, which bound him, while in innocence, to believe in God as his Creator, obliged him, when fallen, to believe in God as his Redeemer, now revealed and made known to him; and likewise to turn from sin to God, Rom. 3:31."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Whence is it that the obligation of the law is so extensive, as to bind to the belief of whatever God shall reveal?", "answer": "This arises from the absolute perfection of the law, which being a complete rule of all obedience, cannot but fasten the duty, the same moment that the object is revealed, Psalm 119:96 - \"Thy commandment is exceeding broad.\""}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What is the absurdity of making faith and repentance new gospel precepts?", "answer": "The absurdity is, that by this another righteousness is introduced in our own persons, than the righteousness of Christ, as the immediate ground of our pardon and acceptance before God."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How does this absurdity necessarily follow from the aforesaid doctrine?", "answer": "If Christ, as our surety, has fulfilled the precept, and endured the penalty of the moral law, according to Gal. 4:4, 5, then it cannot but follow, that this law of faith and repentance, not being fulfilled by him, must be fulfilled by ourselves, in our own persons, as our righteousness before God: and thus another ground of justification is established, besides the Surety righteousness, contrary to Gal. 2:16, and 3:21."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What is the doctrine of our Larger Catechism on this head?", "answer": "That believing and trusting in God (which is the same with faith,) \"being careful in all things to please him,\" and \"sorrowful when in any thing he is offended,\" (which is the same with repentance,) are among \"the duties required in the First Commandment:\" and that \"unbelief - distrust - incorrigibleness - and hardness of heart, or impenitency, (according to Rom. 2:5, there quoted,) are among the sins forbidden in it.\"62"}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What does God require of us in this commandment, as the evidence of our knowing and acknowledging him to be the only true God, and our God?", "answer": "That we worship and glorify him accordingly, Matt. 4:10 - \"Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve.\""}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "What is it to worship God?", "answer": "It is to make him the supreme object of our esteem, Psalm 71:19, desire, Psalm 73:25, and delight, Psalm 142:5, and that not only in our secret devotions, but likewise when joining with others in any religious exercise, Psalm 111:1."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What is it to glorify him?", "answer": "It is to ascribe all possible glory and perfection to him, Ex. 15:11, and, in all our actions, to aim at the advancement of his honour and glory in the world, 1 Cor. 10:31."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What is imported in our being required to worship and glorify him accordingly?", "answer": "It imports, that since God commands us to know and acknowledge him, not only to be the true God, but our own God, in virtue of the covenant grant he makes of himself in the word; it becomes us, in all our actions, religious and civil to behave towards him, as standing in such a near and intimate relation to us, Psalm 45:11; 1 Cor. 6:20."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "Can we glorify God aright, unless we acknowledge him to be our God in Christ?", "answer": "No; for, unless we acknowledge a God in Christ, as our God, we make him a liar, in saying, I am the Lord thy God, and rebel against his authority in the First Commandment, which is, \"Thou shalt have no other gods before me.\""}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "Is believing the promise, then, the foundation of all acceptable worship and obedience?", "answer": "Yes; for all true obedience, is \"the obedience of faith,\" Rom. 16:26, and \"without faith it is impossible to please God,\" Heb. 11:6."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "In what manner are we required to worship and glorify God?", "answer": "Both inwardly in our hearts, John 4:24, and outwardly in our lives, Matt. 5:16."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "How are we to worship God inwardly in our hearts?", "answer": "By trusting, Isaiah 26:4; hoping, Psalm 130:5, and delighting in him, Psalm 37:4; by thinking and meditating upon him, Mal. 3:16, Psalm 63; devoting ourselves to him, Isaiah 44:5; and by being filled with grief, when he is offended by ourselves or others, Psalm 38:18, and 119:136."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "How are we to worship and glorify him outwardly in our lives?", "answer": "By praying to him, and praising him with our lips, Psalm 142:1, and 145:21; by being zealous for his glory, Psalm 69:9; careful to please him, Col. 1:10; and by walking humbly before him, Micah. 6:8."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "What improvement ought we to make of the covenant grant in the preface, I am the Lord thy God; and the precept enjoining the belief of this, Thou shalt have no other gods before me?", "answer": "That it is the duty of every one of us, without waiting till we find gracious qualifications wrought in us, instantly to lay claim to a God in Christ, as our God, Psalm 95:7; this being what he requires in the first place, as the foundation of all other acts of obedience, 2 Chron. 20:20."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "If it is an external federal relation to the visible church, which God asserts in the preface, when he says, I am the Lord thy God, how can the First Commandment warrant the faith of a special relation?", "answer": "As the command always warrants a particular application of every general promise, so the external federal relation which God bears to the visible church, becomes a special one, the moment that the promise is believed with a particular applicatory faith, Jer. 3:22."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "47", "sort_key": 47, "question": "What is forbidden in the First Commandment?", "answer": "The First Commandment forbiddeth the denying, or not worshipping and glorifying the true God, as God and our God; and the giving that worship and glory to any other which is due to him alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "To what general heads may the sins forbidden, in the First Commandment, be reduced?", "answer": "To these two: atheism and idolatry."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is A THEISM?", "answer": "It is the denying, or not having a God."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How is atheism commonly distinguished?", "answer": "Into speculative and practical."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "How is speculative atheism again subdivided?", "answer": "Into that which is directly, and that which is interpretatively such."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is direct speculative atheism?", "answer": "It is a fixed persuasion in the heart, and an open profession with the mouth, that there is no God."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is speculative atheism, interpretatively, or by necessary consequence?", "answer": "It is the rejection of any of those truths which are necessarily connected with the being of a God; such as the denial of providence, or any of the essential perfections of God: because from thence it would necessarily follow, that there is no God."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Why would it necessarily follow, from the denial of providence, or any of the divine perfections, that there is no God?", "answer": "Because it is impossible to conceive that there is a God, without conceiving, at the same time, that he preserves and governs the world, Isaiah 41; and it is impossible to conceive his being or existence, without conceiving him to be possessed of all infinite perfection, 1 John 1:5."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Can there be such a person among men, as a direct speculative atheist?", "answer": "No; there can be none of mankind, who has, at all times, such a fixed and constant persuasion that there is no God, as at no time whatsoever to have the least fear or doubt of the contrary, Dan. 5:6, 9."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "How does it appear that there can be no such person as a downright speculative atheist?", "answer": "From universal experience, which attests, that the knowledge and impression of the being of a God, is so natural to man, that he can no more divest himself of it at all times, than he can strip himself of his reason, or shake off his own existence, Rom. 1:19 - \"That which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath showed it unto them:\" that is, ingrained it in their natures."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Would it not seem, that there may be a downright speculative atheist, from Psalm 14:1 - \"The fool hath said in his heart, there is no God?\"", "answer": "The words do not import a fixed and permanent persuasion, but rather a secret wish: accordingly, the expression is not, The fool hath believed, or is persuaded in his heart, but hath said: that is, would fain have harboured such a secret desire."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Why do wicked men wish there were no God?", "answer": "To be free of any check or restraint upon their lusts, and that they may \"work all uncleanness with greediness,\" Eph. 4:19."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Who are they that are interpretatively atheists?", "answer": "Not only they who deny the providence of God, or any essential attribute of his nature, but likewise all deists, who reject supernatural revelation; and all openly wicked and profane persons, who live as if there was no God, Psalm 10:4, 11, 13."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Is it speculative or practical atheism, that chiefly levelled against, in this commandment?", "answer": "Both: but especially practical atheism, as being universally prevalent, Rom. 3:11."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is practical atheism?", "answer": "It is a denial of God, in our practice, Titus 1:16 - \"They profess that they know God, but in works they deny him.\""}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How does practical atheism evidence itself?", "answer": "In omitting the duties required in this commandment; namely, not knowing and acknowledging God to be what he really is, and neglecting to worship and glorify him accordingly."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Who are guilty of not knowing God?", "answer": "Not only heathens, who walk contrary to nature's light, Rom. 1:21; but likewise Christians, who being privileged with the means of knowing God, as in Christ, yet slight and neglect the same; John 15:22 - \"If I had not come and spoken unto them, they had not had sin; but now they have no cloak for their sin.\""}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Who are they that are guilty of not acknowledging God?", "answer": "They who rush upon the actions of life, without asking his counsel about them, Josh. 9:14 - \"The men took of their victuals, and asked not counsel at the mouth of the Lord.\""}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Who are guilty of not worshipping God?", "answer": "They who live in the habitual neglect of the public, private, and secret exercises of his worship, Isaiah 43:22 - \"Thou hast not called upon me, O Jacob; thou hast been weary of me, O Israel.\""}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Who are guilty of not glorifying God?", "answer": "They who set up themselves as their own rule, Psalm 12:4, and make themselves their own end and happiness, in opposition to God, Phil. 2:21."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "When are men chargeable with this piece of practical atheism; namely, of setting themselves up as their own rule?", "answer": "When they perform any action, religious or civil, more because it is agreeable to self, than as it is pleasing to God, Zech. 7:5, 6; when they envy the gifts and prosperity of others, Psalm 73:3, and when they would model or frame God himself according to their own fancy, imagining him to be \"altogether such a one as themselves,\" Psalm 50:21."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "When do men make themselves their own end and happiness in opposition to God?", "answer": "When they ascribe the glory of what they have or do, to themselves, and not to God, Dan. 4:30; when they are more troubled for what disgraces themselves, than for what dishonours God, 1 Sam. 15:30; and when they prefer the pleasures and profits of this world, to the glorifying and enjoying of God, Matt. 19:22."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "When may we be said to worship the true God, and yet not as God?", "answer": "When we draw nigh to him with the mouth, and honour him with our lips, but our hearts are far from him, Matt. 15:8."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "When are we guilty of not worshipping and glorifying him, as our God?", "answer": "When, in the course or tenor of our behaviour and deportment towards him, we want the habitual exercise of the faith of our federal relation to him, Psalm 81:10, 11."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "May not the saints themselves be chargeable with some degree of practical atheism?", "answer": "No doubt they may; when they entertain unbecoming thoughts of God in their mind, or speak unadvisedly to him with their lips. Thus Job is censured by Elihu, for charging God with injustice, chap. 33:10, 11; and Jonah speaks most rashly to God, when he says, \"I do well to be angry, even unto death,\" chap. 4:9."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "How may a person know when blasphemous thoughts, and atheistical expressions, are not inconsistent with a state of grace?", "answer": "When a blasphemous thought is so far from being indulged, that it is treated with abhorrence; and when an atheistical expression (uttered through surprise, and the hurry and violence of temptation) is deeply regretted and lamented, Psalm 73:21, 22."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What is the other general and comprehensive sin forbidden in this commandment?", "answer": "IDO:ATRY."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What is idolatry?", "answer": "It is the giving that worship and glory to any other, which is due to God alone."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "How is idolatry commonly distinguished?", "answer": "Into that which is gross and external, and that which is more refined and internal."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What is the idolatry which is gross and external?", "answer": "It is an ascription of the ordinary signs of worship, or religious homage, to any person or thing, besides the true God, Lev. 26:1."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Who are they that are guilty of this grosser kind of idolatry?", "answer": "HEATHENS and PAPISTS."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What was the nature of the idolatry of the Heathens?", "answer": "They made gods of the sun, moon, and stars, and of almost every other creature; yea, of devils themselves, as the apostle witnesses, 1 Cor. 10:20. But that which was most frequent among them, was their making images or idols in the shape of some sort of living creatures, or of a mixture of them, and then worshipping them as if they were gods, Psalm 135:15-19."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "How did Heathenish Idolatry take its rise in the world?", "answer": "By men becoming \"vain in their imaginations, whereby they changed the glory of the incorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and four-footed beasts, and creeping things,\" Rom. 1:21, 23."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "How does it appear that the Papists are guilty of this grosser kind of idolatry?", "answer": "By their bowing to images and altars; giving divine honour to the consecrated bread in the sacrament; adoring the crucifix; praying to angels; invoking the saints, especially the virgin Mary, whom they supplicate much more frequently than they do Christ himself. By all which it appears, that Popish idolatry succeeds in the room of the Heathenish; and is more inexcusable than theirs, because those who practise it have the benefit of divine revelation which the heathens have not."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "How do you prove, that the paying religious homage to such things is gross idolatry?", "answer": "From the nature of idolatry itself; the very essence of which consists in giving divine worship and honour to any creature whatsoever, whether in heaven or earth; for it is written, \"Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve,\" Matt. 4:10."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What is the idolatry which is more refined and internal?", "answer": "It is a setting up of idols in the heart, Ezek. 14:4; or giving that room in our esteem and affection to any thing else, which God alone ought to possess, Luke 14:26."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "To whom is this kind of idolatry incident?", "answer": "To all mankind naturally; and even believers themselves are cautioned and warned against it, 1 John 5:21 - \"Little children, keep yourselves from idols.\""}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "What are these idols which have a seat in every man's and woman's heart by nature?", "answer": "Among many others, there are these two; which are worshipped and served by the generality, even of the visible church, namely, SELF and the WORLD."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "How does it appear that SELF is an idol which naturally reigns in the heart of every one?", "answer": "From the very first lesson in the school of Christianity, which is, to deny self, Matt. 16:24 - \"Then said Jesus unto his disciples, If any man will come after me, let him deny himself.\""}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "What is it for a man to deny himself?", "answer": "It is to give up with his self-wisdom, his self-will, and his self-righteousness."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "When do we give up with the idol of self-wisdom?", "answer": "When we are made to see our own depraved reason to be but folly, when compared with the wisdom of God revealed in his word; \"for the wisdom of this world is foolishness with God,\" 1 Cor. 3:19."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "When is the idol of self-will dethroned?", "answer": "When God's will of precept becomes the sole rule of our heart and life, Psalm 119:105; and his will of providence is cheerfully acquiesced in as the best for us, Rom. 8:28."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "When do we part with the idol of self-righteousness?", "answer": "When we submit to the righteousness of God, or found our plea, for eternal life wholly and entirely upon the meritorious obedience and satisfaction of Christ, as our Surety, in our room and stead, Phil. 3:8, 9."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "How does it appear that the WORLD is an idol seated in every man's heart by nature?", "answer": "From the habitual turn of our thoughts and affections to things temporal, Matt. 6:31; the eager pursuit of them, and ardent desire after them, in preference to those that are spiritual and eternal, chap. 16:26."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "What are the things of this world which we naturally incline to idolise?", "answer": "Some make an idol of their worldly riches; making gold their hope, and saying to the fine gold, \"Thou art my confidence,\" Job 31:24; some, of their worldly pleasures, being \"lovers of pleasures, more than lovers of God,\" 2 Tim. 3:4; some make an idol of their worldly credit and reputation, receiving \"honour one of another,\" and not seeking \"the honour that cometh from God only,\" John 5:44; some, of their worldly relations bestowing more of their love upon them, than upon God, Matt. 10:37; and some make an idol of their worldly helps and confidences, trusting more to these than to God, Isaiah 31:1; Jer. 17:5."}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "What is the verdict of the Spirit of God concerning those who make the world their idol?", "answer": "It is this, that \"if any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him,\" 1 John 2:15."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "How may Satan be said to be even idolised by those who profess to bear him an implacable hatred?", "answer": "When his suggestions are regarded more than the dictates of the Spirit of God in his word, Isaiah 40:27; 49:14."}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "How may the suggestions of Satan be distinguished from the dictates of the Spirit of God?", "answer": "The tendency of all Satan's suggestions is to set up in the soul some one thing or other in Christ's room, 2 Cor. 4:4; but the dictates of the Spirit of God are wholly calculated for giving Christ in all things the pre-eminence, John 16:14."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "Why is Satan called the God of this world? 2 Cor. 4:4.", "answer": "Because he is \"the spirit that worketh in the children of disobedience,\" Eph. 2:2, till \"the prey be taken from the mighty, and the lawful captive delivered,\" Isaiah 49:24, 25."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "Who are they that explicitly acknowledge the devil as their God?", "answer": "They are such as use sorcery, divination, witchcraft, charms, and other diabolical arts and practices, condemned in Deut. 18:10-12."}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "Was Joseph's cup an instrument of divination, or did he himself use this unlawful art, when he says, Gen. 44:15 - \"Wot ye not that such a man as I can certainly divine?\"", "answer": "By no means; for the word translated DIVINE is, on the margin, rendered make trial, or inquiry; and so the meaning is, Know ye not that such a man as I, who am so diligent and industrious in other matters, would soon miss the cup in which I usually drink, and make inquiry after the person who had stolen it?"}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "What improvement ought we to make of the First Commandment, as it stands connected with the preface?", "answer": "That as God warrants and commands us to believe in him, as our God and Redeemer, Psalm 45:11; so it is our duty to carry along with us the faith of this relation, in all our approaches to his presence, Heb. 11:6."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "48", "sort_key": 48, "question": "What are we especially taught by these words BEFORE ME in the First Commandment?", "answer": "These words before me in the First Commandment, teach us, That God, who seeth all things, taketh notice of, and is much displeased with, the sin of having any other god.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the strength of the argument implied in these words before me?", "answer": "That the sin of having any other god, is committed in the presence of him, who seeth all things, Heb. 4:13."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is it for God to see all things?", "answer": "It is to have a most intimate, perfect, and comprehensive knowledge of them, Psalm 147:5 - \"His understanding is infinite.\""}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "In what consists the infinity of God's knowledge?", "answer": "Not so much in the perfect and comprehensive knowledge of the creatures, which are finite; as in the perfect and comprehensive knowledge of himself, and his own excellencies and perfections, which are infinite, 1 Cor. 2:11."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "How is it that God sees, or knows all things?", "answer": "He sees all things at once in his own essence, distinctly, infallibly, and immutably, 1 John 1:5."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How do you prove that God has such a comprehensive sight and knowledge of all things?", "answer": "Because otherwise he could not be the Creator, Governor, and Judge of the world, 1 Cor. 4:5."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "In what light does God see or know evil actions?", "answer": "As they are opposite to his nature, Jer. 44:4, and contrary to his law, 1 John 3:4, which is the sole and unerring standard of all rectitude, Rom. 7:12."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is that sin which strikes more immediately and directly against the authority of God in this commandment?", "answer": "It is the sin of having any other god."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is it to have another god?", "answer": "It is to have our minds, wills, and affections carried out after other objects, as much, or more than after God himself, Isaiah 46:9, compared with Ezek. 14:4."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What notice does God take of this sin?", "answer": "He threatens to resent it with the highest marks of displeasure, and that even in this life, as well as in the world to come, Deut. 29:24-29."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Why is God so much displeased with the sin of having any other God?", "answer": "Because it sets up a rival or competitor in his room, and that in his very sight and presence, Jer. 32:30."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What influence ought the presence of an all-seeing God to have upon us in all our actions?", "answer": "The consideration of this ought to quicken and animate us to every duty, Gen. 5:22, 24; and affright and deter us from every sin, as being an affronting of him to his face, who is our witness, and ere long will be our judge, Gen. 39:9."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "49", "sort_key": 49, "question": "Which is the Second Commandment?", "answer": "The Second Commandment is, Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments.:", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "50", "sort_key": 50, "question": "What is required in the Second Commandment?", "answer": "The Second Commandment requireth the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire, all such religious worship and ordinances as God hath appointed in his word.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the opinion of the Papists respecting this commandment?", "answer": "They allege that it is not a distinct precept from the first, but only an appendix, or supplement to it, by way of illustration."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is their practice, in consequence of this opinion?", "answer": "They constantly leave it out in their mass books and other liturgies of their church, lest the people should observe the manifest contrariety of their image worship, to what is here so expressly forbidden."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "In what then does the Second Commandment differ from the first?", "answer": "The First Commandment respects the object, and requires that we worship the true God for our God, and no other: the second respects the means of worship, and requires that the true God be worshipped in such a way only, and by such ordinances as he has appointed in his word, in opposition to all human inventions."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is meant by religious worship?", "answer": "That homage and respect we owe to a gracious God, as a God of infinite perfection; by which we profess subjection to, and confidence in him, as our God in Christ, for the supply of all our wants; and ascribe the praise and glory that is due to him, as our chief good, and only happiness, Psalm 95:6, 7."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What are these religious ordinances, which God has appointed in his word?", "answer": "They are \"prayer and thanksgiving in the name of Christ; the reading, preaching, and hearing of the word, the administration and receiving of the sacraments; church government and discipline; the ministry and maintenance thereof; religious fasting; swearing by the name of God; and vowing to him.\""}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Is prayer a moral duty founded in the law of nature?", "answer": "It certainly is; the necessary dependence of the rational creature upon its Creator, plainly proves it to be so. Hence we find the very Heathens practising it, when reduced to straits, Jonah 1:14."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "How does it appear to be an instituted means of worship?", "answer": "From a variety of scripture texts enjoining the practice of it, in all cases and circumstances, Psalm 50:15; Phil. 4:6; 1 Thess. 5:17."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is acceptable prayer?", "answer": "It is an asking in Christ's name, what God has promised to give, John 14:13; with a full persuasion that he hears, and will answer, Mark 11:24; James 1:6."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "How manifold is religious thanksgiving?", "answer": "TWOFOLD; stated and occasional."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is stated thanksgiving?", "answer": "It is not only the thankful acknowledgment of mercies daily received, which is a branch of prayer; but likewise the singing the praises of God with the voice, which is a stated act of worship, distinct from prayer, though ejaculatory prayer ought always to be joined with it, Psalm 57:7."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "How do you prove that singing with the voice is a stated act of worship appointed under the New Testament?", "answer": "From the example of Christ and his apostles, who, after the first supper, sang a hymn, (or psalm, as on the margin,) Matt. 26:30; and from the injunction laid upon all Christians to be employed in this exercise, as a stated duty, Eph. 5:18, 19; James 5:13."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What should be the subject matter of our praises to God?", "answer": "The psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs, which are dictated by the Spirit of God in scripture; and not any human composure whatever, Eph. 5:19."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "In what manner should these be sung?", "answer": "\"With grace in our hearts to the Lord,\" Col. 3:16."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is it to sing with grace in our hearts to the Lord?", "answer": "It is to have our hearts going along with our voice, in suitable acts of faith, and elevated affections, Psalm 57:7."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Are not the Psalms of David, as we sing them in our language, of human composure?", "answer": "The translation in metre is human, but the sense and meaning are the same as the original."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What is occasional thanksgiving?", "answer": "It is the setting some time apart for giving thanks to God, on account of some remarkable mercy and deliverance, respecting either churches and nations in general, Neh. 12:27; or ourselves and families in particular, Eph. 5:20."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How ought we to engage in this duty?", "answer": "With an humble sense of our utter unworthiness of the least of all God's favours, 2 Sam. 7:18."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Are reading, hearing, and preaching of the word, acts of worship?", "answer": "Although they are not acts of such immediate worship as prayer and praise, in which God is immediately addressed; yet being the instituted and ordinary means of salvation, they ought to be practised and attended with that reverence and regard which is due to the great God our Saviour, who is present in them, Matt. 28:20; Acts 10:33."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "How are the administration and receiving of the sacraments acts of worship?", "answer": "As in them, by the sensible signs of divine appointment, Christ, and his benefits, are represented, sealed, and applied to believers, Gal. 3:26; 1 Cor. 11:26."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "In what sense are church government and discipline to be ranked among the ordinances of divine worship?", "answer": "In as far as they are exercised in the name of the Lord Jesus, the alone head of the church, according to the rule of his word, by church judicatories lawfully constituted, Matt. 18:20."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Why are the ministry and the maintenance of it placed among religious ordinances?", "answer": "Because, as a standing ministry in the church, till the end of time, is of express divine institution, Eph. 4:11-13; so the suitable and comfortable maintenance of it, is as expressly appointed, not only in the Old Testament, Num. 18:21, 24; but likewise in the New, 1 Cor. 9:13, 14 - \"Do ye not know, that they which minister about holy things, live of the things of the temple? and they which wait at the altar, are partakers with the altar? Even so hath the Lord ordained, that they which preach the gospel should live of the gospel.\""}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What is religious fasting?", "answer": "\"A religious fast requires total abstinence, not only from all food, (unless bodily weakness do manifestly disable from holding out, till the fast be ended,) but also from all worldly labour, discourses, and thoughts, and from all bodily delights.\"64 Josh. 7:6; Judges 20:26."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Is bodily fasting, or bare abstinence from food, any part of religious worship?", "answer": "Not properly in itself; but as it is a mean of divine appointment, for fitting and disposing us for more spiritual and solemn exercises."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "How does fasting appear to be a mean of divine appointment?", "answer": "From the practice of the saints under the Old Testament, Esth. 4:16; Dan. 10:2, 3; from the testimony of Christ, Matt. 6:17, 18, and 17:21; and the example of his apostles under the New, Acts 13:3; and 14:23."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What are those spiritual and solemn exercises for which fasting is designed to dispose us?", "answer": "Deep humiliation of soul before the Lord on account of sin, Ezra 9:6; free confession of it, Dan. 9:20, and turning from it, Joel 2:12, as the genuine fruits of our taking hold of God's covenant, Jer. 50:4, 5; together with an importunate requesting of our gracious God, for that which is the particular occasion of the fast, Psalm 35:13."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "Is religious fasting an occasional or a stated duty?", "answer": "It is merely occasional and extraordinary, to be observed as the call of Providence may require and direct."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What are the occurrences in providence, which are a call to this extraordinary duty?", "answer": "\"When some great and notable judgments are either inflicted upon a people,\" Dan. 9:3, 12-14, \"or apparently imminent,\" 2 Chron. 20:2-4; \"or, by some extraordinary provocations notoriously deserved,\" 1 Sam. 7:3, 6; \"as also when some special blessing is to be sought and obtained,\"65 ver. 5, 8, 10."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "Is swearing by the name of God an act of immediate and instituted worship?", "answer": "It is undoubtedly: and that either when we devote ourselves to God in a covenant of duties, Deut. 6:13, or declare the truth upon oath, when called thereto: because, in both cases the name of God is solemnly interposed and invoked, Jer. 4:2."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "To whom are vows to be made?", "answer": "To God alone, as the only party and witness in the making and performing of them, Psalm 76:11 - \"Vow and pay unto the LORD your GOD.\""}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "What should be the subject matter of our vows to God?", "answer": "Nothing except what may tend either to promote the practice of commanded duty, Psalm 119:57, or prevent the commission of any sin to which we are more ordinarily inclined and addicted, verse 106."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What does this commandment require, with respect to all those ordinances, and parts of worship, which God has appointed in his word?", "answer": "The receiving and observing them; and keeping them pure and entire."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What is it to receive God's ordinances?", "answer": "It is to approve of, and embrace them, as bearing the stamp of his authority upon them, Psalm 84:1, 2."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "What is it to observe them?", "answer": "It is to set about the practice of them, or to be actually employed in them, Psalm 55:17, and 119:164; Luke 2:37."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "What is it to keep the ordinances of God pure?", "answer": "It is to contribute our utmost endeavour to preserve them from all mixture of human invention, Deut. 12:32."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What is it to keep them entire?", "answer": "It is, in the exercise of faith, to attend upon each of them in its proper season, so as that one duty may not jostle out another, Luke 1:6."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "What does God require of us in this command, with reference to all false worship?", "answer": "He requires \"the disapproving, detesting, opposing all false worship, Psalm 16:4; and according to each one's place and calling, removing it, and all monuments of idolatry, Deut. 7:5.\"66:"}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "51", "sort_key": 51, "question": "What is forbidden in the Second Commandment?", "answer": "The Second Commandment forbiddeth the worshipping of God by images, or any other way not appointed in his word.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What are the leading sins forbidden in this commandment?", "answer": "Idolatry and will-worship."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the idolatry here condemned?", "answer": "The worshipping of God by images: \"Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image,\" &c."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is an image?", "answer": "It is a statue, picture, or likeness of any creature whatever."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Is it lawful to have images or pictures of mere creatures?", "answer": "Yes, provided they be only for ornament; or the design be merely historical, to transmit the memory of persons and their actions to posterity."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Can any image or representation be made of God?", "answer": "No; it is absolutely impossible; he being an infinite, incomprehensible Spirit, Isaiah 40:18 - \"To whom will ye liken God? or, what likeness will ye compare unto him?\" If we cannot delineate our own souls, much less the infinite God; Acts 17:29 - \"We ought not to think that the Godhead is like unto gold, or silver, or stone, graven by art and man's device.\""}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What judgment should we form of those who have devised images of God, or of the persons of the adorable Trinity?", "answer": "We should adjudge their practice to be both unlawful and abominable."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Why unlawful?", "answer": "Because directly contrary to the express letter of the law in this commandment, and many other scriptures, such as, Jer. 10:14, 15; Hos. 13:2, and particularly Deut. 4:15-19, 23 - \"Take ye therefore good heed unto yourselves, (for ye saw NO MANNER of similitude on the day that the Lord spake unto you in Horeb, out of the midst of the fire,) lest ye corrupt yourselves, and make you a graven image, the similitude of any figure, the likeness of male or female,\" &c."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "How is it abominable?", "answer": "As debasing the Creator of heaven and earth to the rank of his own creatures; and a practical denial of all his infinite perfections, Psalm 50:21."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "May we not have a picture of Christ, who has a true body?", "answer": "By no means; because, though he has a true body and a reasonable soul, John 1:14, yet his human nature subsists in his divine person, which no picture can represent, Psalm 45:2."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Why ought all pictures of Christ to be abominated by Christians?", "answer": "Because they are downright lies, representing no more than the picture of a mere man: whereas, the true Christ is God-man; \"Immanuel, God with us,\" 1 Tim. 3:16; Matt. 1:23."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Is it lawful to form any inward representation of God, or of Christ, upon our fancy, bearing a resemblance to any creature whatever?", "answer": "By no means; because this is the very inlet to gross outward idolatry: for, when once the Heathens \"became vain in their imaginations, they presently changed the glory of the incorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and four-footed beasts, and creeping things,\" Rom. 1:21, 23."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is it to worship God by images, according to the idolatrous practice of Papists?", "answer": "It is either to make use of images, as pretended helps to devotion; or, to worship God before the images of saints, as intercessors with him."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Can any feigned image of God, or of Christ, be helpful in devotion?", "answer": "No; it is the Spirit only who helpeth our infirmities in all acts of spiritual devotion, Rom. 8:26; and that faith which is necessary for acceptance in duty, fixes upon the word of the living God, as its sole foundation, and not upon dead images, Luke 16:31."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Will it excuse any from the charge of idolatry, that they pretend to worship the true God before images, or by them, as means of worship, and not the very images themselves?", "answer": "Not at all; because this is a mean of worship expressly forbidden in this commandment, which prohibits all bowing down before images, upon whatever pretext it be - \"Thou shalt not BOW DOWN thyself to them, nor serve them.\""}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Do they worship images who bow down before them, even though it be the true God they intend to worship by them?", "answer": "In scripture reckoning they do; Isaiah 2:8, 9 - \"Their land is full of idols: they worship the work of their own hands. The mean man boweth down, and the great man humbleth himself.\""}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Was it the ultimate intention of the Israelites in the wilderness to pay divine worship to the golden calf itself; or, to JEHOVAH, by it, and before it?", "answer": "It was undoubtedly their ultimate intention to worship JEHOVAH, the true God, before that image; as appears from Ex. 32:5 - \"When Aaron saw it, he built an altar BEFORE IT; - and said, \"To-morrow is a feast to the Lord,\" (or JEHOVAH, as it is in the original.) And yet, because they did this, so directly contrary to the very letter of this commandment, they are charged with worshipping the image itself, verse 8:- \"They have made them a golden calf, and have worshipped IT,\" &c."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Do not they who honour the picture of a prince, honour the prince himself?", "answer": "If the prince forbid the making of his picture, it is a contempt of his authority to have it. God has strictly prohibited all images for religious purposes, and therefore it is impious to have or use them for these ends, Lev. 26:1, 30."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "May images be worshipped at all, upon their own account?", "answer": "No; because they are the work of man's hands: far inferior in dignity to man himself, Isaiah 45:9-18."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "May they be worshipped on account of their ORIGINALS; or those whom they are designed to represent?", "answer": "They may not; whether designed to represent God, or the saints."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Why may they not be worshipped as they are designed to represent God?", "answer": "Because he never put his name in them; but declares his greatest hatred and detestation of them, Jer. 44:2-9."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Why may they not be worshipped as they are designed to represent eminent saints?", "answer": "Because saints, however eminent, are only mere creatures; and therefore cannot be the objects of worship, either in themselves, or by their images, Acts 14:14, 15."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Can saints in heaven be intercessors for sinners on earth?", "answer": "No; because intercession being founded on satisfaction, none but CHRIST can be the intercessor, as none but he is the propitiation for our sins, 1 John 2:1, 2."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Is it lawful, as some plead, to have images or pictures in churches, though not for worship, yet for instruction, and raising the affections?", "answer": "No; because God has expressly prohibited not only the worshipping but the MAKING of any image whatever on a religious account; and the setting them up in churches, cannot but have a natural tendency to beget a sacred veneration for them; and therefore ought to be abstained from, as having at least an \"appearance of evil,\" Isaiah 45:9-18. 1 Thess. 5:22."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "May they not be placed in churches for beauty and ornament?", "answer": "No; the proper ornament of churches is the sound preaching of the gospel, and the pure dispensation of the sacraments, and other ordinances of divine institution."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Were not the images of the cherubims placed in the tabernacle and temple, by the command of God himself?", "answer": "Yes; but out of all hazard of any abuse, being placed in the holy of holies, where none of the people ever came: they were instituted by God himself, which images are not; and they belonged to the typical and ceremonial worship, which is now quite abolished."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "Are our forefathers to be blamed for pulling down altars, images, and other monuments of idolatry, from places of public worship at the Reformation?", "answer": "No; they had Scripture precept and warrant for what they did, Num. 33:52, and Deut. 7:5 - \"Ye shall destroy their altars, and break down their images, and cut down their groves, and burn their graven images with fire.\""}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What do you understand by will-worship, the other leading sin forbidden in this command?", "answer": "It is the worshipping God in any other way not appointed in his word."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "Should there be an express appointment in the word for every part of divine worship in which we engage?", "answer": "Undoubtedly there should; otherwise we are guilty of innovating upon the worship of God, and prescribing rules to the Almighty, which is both displeasing to him, and unprofitable to ourselves, Matt. 15:9."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "Who are they that are guilty of innovating upon the worship of God?", "answer": "All they who presumptuously annex their own superstitious inventions to the divine institutions, under pretence of their being teaching significant ceremonies; as they of the Popish and Episcopal persuasions do."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "What are these significant ceremonies which they add to the instituted ordinances of God's worship?", "answer": "The sign of the cross in baptism; kneeling at receiving the sacrament of the supper; erecting altars in churches; and bowing at the name of Jesus, are a few of many."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "Why may not such ceremonies be used, when they are designed for exciting devotion, and beautifying the worship of God?", "answer": "Because God has expressly forbidden the least addition to or abatement from the order and directions he himself has given in his word concerning his own worship, Deut. 12:30-32 - \"What thing soever I command you, observe to do it: thou shalt not ADD thereunto, nor DIMINISH from it.\""}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "Were there not significant ceremonies in the Jewish worship, under the Old Testament?", "answer": "Yes; but they were of express divine appointment; and by the same appointment abolished in the death and resurrection of Christ, Heb. 9:1-15."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "May not significant ceremonies be founded on 1 Cor. 14:40 - \"Let all things be done decently and in order?\"", "answer": "No; because that text speaks only of the decent and orderly observance of the ordinances of God already instituted, and not in the least of any thing new to be added as a part of worship."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "Is reading of sermons or discourses from the pulpit an ordinance of God appointed in his word?", "answer": "So far from it, that we find the contrary practised by our Lord while he was here upon earth, Luke 4:16, 23; where, after reading his text out of the prophet Esaias, it is said, he CLOSED the book, and \"began to say unto them, This day is this Scripture fulfilled in your ears,\" &c."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "How may we be further guilty of a breach of his commandment, than by idolatry and will-worship?", "answer": "When we neglect, Heb. 10:25, contemn, Matt. 22:5, hinder, chap. 23:13, or oppose the worship and ordinances which God has appointed in his word, 1 Thess. 2:16; or tolerate those who publish and maintain erroneous opinions or practices, Rev. 2:14, 15, 20."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "What is the doctrine of our Confession concerning the tolerating of those who publish and maintain erroneous opinions or practices?", "answer": "Tha: \"for their publishing of such opinions, or maintaining of such practices, as are contrary to the light of nature, or the known principles of Christianity, whether concerning faith, worship, or conversation, or to the power of godliness, they may lawfully be called to account, and proceeded against by the censures of the church, and by the power of the civil magistrates.\"67"}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "52", "sort_key": 52, "question": "What are the reasons annexed to the Second Commandment?", "answer": "The reasons annexed to the Second Commandment, are, God's sovereignty over us, his propriety in us and the zeal he hath to his own worship.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Why does our Catechism make mention of REASONS ANNEXED to this and the three following commandments?", "answer": "Because God himself has been pleased to subjoin to each of these precepts, the reasons, arguments, or motives, that should influence our obedience to them."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How many reasons are annexed to this Second Commandment?", "answer": "THREE; contained in these words, \"I the Lord thy God am a jealous God.\""}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Which is the first of these reasons?", "answer": "It is God's sovereignty over us, in these words I THE LORD; or, I JEHOVAH."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What do you understand by God's sovereignty over us?", "answer": "It is his absolute supreme power, or right of dominion over us, as his creatures, Rom. 9:20, 21, by which he can dispose of, ver. 22, 23, and prescribe to us as seems to him good, Deut 6:17."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "In what lies the strength of this first reason for worshipping God by means of his own appointment?", "answer": "It lies in this, that being our sovereign Lord, it must be his sole prerogative to prescribe to us the means of his own worship; and, consequently, that it must be our duty to make his pleasure in this, both the rule and reason of our punctual observance of what he enjoins, Psalm 95:2, 3."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the SECOND reason annexed to this commandment?", "answer": "It is his propriety in us, in these words, THY God."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What other propriety has God in us than by right of creation.", "answer": "He has a propriety likewise by right of redemption, intimated in the preface to the commands, \"I am the Lord THY God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage,\" Ex. 20:2."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Is it his propriety by right of creation, or by right of redemption, that constitutes the federal relation between him and us?", "answer": "It is his propriety by right of redemption, Isaiah 43:1 - \"I have REDEEMED thee; I have called thee by thy name: thou art MINE.\""}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What influence should his propriety in us, as his people, have upon our receiving and observing the ordinances of his worship?", "answer": "If we are his people: we are ransomed by the blood of his only begotten Son, and so under the strongest ties of duty and gratitude, to cleave to the precise manner of worship prescribed in his word, rejecting all other modes and forms whatever, Josh. 24:24."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the THIRD reason annexed to this commandment?", "answer": "It is the zeal he hath to his own worship, in these words, - I AM A JEALOUS GOD."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "In what sense is God said to be a jealous God?", "answer": "Jealousy is ascribed to him (after the manner of men,) to denote that he puts no confidence in his creatures, Deut. 5:29 that he has his eye upon them; and is highly offended when they slight him and bestow that love upon any other, which is due to him alone, chap. 32:15-26."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is it for God to have zeal for his own worship?", "answer": "It is to have Such a regard for the ordinances of his own institution, as highly to resent or revenge any addition to, or alteration of them; of which there is an awful instance in Nadab and Abihu, who offered strange fire before the Lord, Lev. 10:1-4."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "In what does God manifest his zeal for his worship?", "answer": "Both by way of threatening, and by way of promise."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What does God threaten as a testimony of his zeal for his worship?", "answer": "To visit \"the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, to the third and fourth generation of them that hate\" him."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What is it to visit the iniquity of the fathers upon the children?", "answer": "It is to inflict punishment upon the children for the faults and offences of their fathers."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Are there any scripture examples of God's doing so?", "answer": "As to temporal punishments there are: Seven of Saul's sons were hanged before the Lord, for his offence in slaying the Gibeonites, 2 Sam. 21:8, 9; and for the sins of Jeroboam, his whole house was utterly extinguished, 1 Kings 15:29, 30."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Is this thought just and equal among men?", "answer": "Yes; as appears by the common practice of disinheriting the children of traitors and rebels for the treasonable practices of their fathers, in order to create a greater detestation of these crimes in others."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Whether are temporal judgments only, or spiritual and eternal plagues also, intended in this threatening?", "answer": "Spiritual and eternal plagues are also intended, Matt. 25:41."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "How does it appear that spiritual and eternal judgments are included in this threatening?", "answer": "It appears from this, that the punishment threatened should bear some proportion to the mercy promised; so that if the mercy promised be of a spiritual and eternal nature, the judgments threatened must be of the same kind."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "How does the scripture illustrate this?", "answer": "By the issue of the final sentence at the great day, which is, that the wicked \"go away into everlasting punishment, but the righteous into life eternal,\" Matt. 25:46."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "How does it consist with the justice of God, to inflict spiritual and eternal judgments upon children for the sins of their parents?", "answer": "It is entirely consistent with it; because the children punished with spiritual and eternal judgments, are only such as have shown themselves heirs to their fathers' sins, either by copying them, Jer. 31:29, 30, or not disapproving of and mourning for them; by which means their fathers' sins become their own, Psalm 49:13."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "How can the visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children be reconciled with Ezek. 18:20 - \"The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father.", "answer": "This passage in Ezekiel is to be understood of the son who does not tread in the steps of his wicked father; as is evident from ver. 14, 17 - \"If he beget a son that seeth all his father's sins, and doth not such like, he shall not die for the iniquity of his father, he shall surely live;\" whereas the threatening in this commandment respects wicked children, who copy after the example of their graceless parents, as Nadab the son of Jeroboam did, who \"walked in the way of his father, and in his sin wherewith he made Israel to Sin\" I Kings 15:26."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "How does it appear from the threatening itself, that this is the meaning?", "answer": "Because the children on whom God visits the iniquity of their fathers are expressly said to be \"the third and fourth generation of them that HATE him.\""}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Why does God threaten to visit the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, to the third and fourth generation only, of them that hate him; and not to all succeeding generations of such children?", "answer": "Not but that the haters of God to all generations shall meet with deserved punishment; but the threatening is limited to the third and fourth generation, for a greater judgment upon wicked parents, some of whom may live to see their posterity of these generations, and to read their own sin in the punishment of their offspring whom they have seduced; as Zedekiah, for his wickedness, saw his sons, and the princes of Judah, slain before his eyes, Jer. 52:3, 10."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What if such wicked parents should die, before they see their third and fourth generations?", "answer": "In that case, if their consciences are not quite seared, they will die under the dread and fear of the judgments here threatened, befalling their children, Hos. 2:4; as well as of the fiery indignation which shall devour themselves, Heb. 10:27."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "May not God sometimes visit the iniquities of the breakers of this commandment upon their godly children?", "answer": "He will never visit the iniquities of the fathers upon their godly children with spiritual and eternal judgments, though sometimes he may do it with temporal calamities: as no doubt many pious Israelites were carried captive to Babylon for the sins of their fathers, Lam. 5:7; which, nevertheless, was for their real good, Jer. 24:5."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What may we learn from this threatening to visit the iniquity of the fathers upon the children?", "answer": "That as nothing can be more cruel than for parents to set a bad example before their children, Jer. 9:14, 15; so the example of forefathers will not vindicate their posterity in the way of sin, particularly in the practice of any corrupt or false worship, Ezek. 20:18, 21."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What is it, on the other hand, that God promises as an evidence of his zeal for his worship?", "answer": "To show mercy to thousands of them that love him, and keep his commandments."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "Who are they that truly love God?", "answer": "They who, from a faith of his own operation, have complacency and delight in him as their own God and portion, Psalm 5:11."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "What is it to keep his commandments?", "answer": "It is to essay a uniform and self-denied obedience to the law as a rule, because Christ has fulfilled it as a covenant, Rom. 7:4."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What mercy does God show to them that love him, and keep his commandments?", "answer": "He shows strengthening, Psalm 94:18, comforting, Psalm 31:7, directing, Ex. 15:13, and persevering mercy to them, 2 Sam. 7:15."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "Does God show mercy to children because they are the offspring of godly parents?", "answer": "No; but merely because so it pleases him, Rom, 9:15 - \"I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy.\""}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "What benefit then have the children of godly parents beyond others?", "answer": "They have the privilege of a religious education, Gen. 18:19; are the children of many prayers, Job 1:5; and may plead the promise, \"I WILL be a God to thee, and to thy seed after thee,\" Gen. 17:7."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "Why does the threatening run only to the third and fourth generation of them that hate him, and yet the promise to thousands of them that love him?", "answer": "To show that God has far greater pleasure in the exercise of mercy, than in the venting of wrath, Ezek. 33:11; and likewise for an encouragement, both to parents and children, to aim at \"walking in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless,\" Luke 1:6."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "53", "sort_key": 53, "question": "Which is the Third Commandment?", "answer": "The Third Commandment is, Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain: for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "54", "sort_key": 54, "question": "What is required in the Third Commandment?", "answer": "The Third Commandment requireth the holy and reverend use of God's names, titles, attributes, ordinances, word, and works.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What does this commandment require in general?", "answer": "That the instituted means of God's worship be used in a right MANNER, becoming the majesty of him with whom we have to do, Psalm 5:7."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the duty directly opposite to the sin of taking God's name in vain?", "answer": "It is the sanctifying of his name, Isaiah 8:13 - \"Sanctify the Lord of hosts himself, and let him be your fear and your dread.\""}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What do you understand by the NAME of God?", "answer": "Every thing by which he is pleased to make himself known."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "By what does God make himself known?", "answer": "By his names, titles, attributes, ordinances, word, and works."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Does God need any name to distinguish him from all others?", "answer": "No; because he is a most singular Being, quite well distinguished from all others, by the infinity and absolute perfection of his nature, Isaiah 44:6."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Why then are names ascribed to him in scripture?", "answer": "That some knowledge of his nature and perfections may be conveyed to us, Acts 9:15."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What are the names by which he conveys the knowledge of himself to us?", "answer": "He conveys the knowledge of his absolute, eternal, and immutable essence by the names of JEHOVAH, Ex. 6:3; JAH, Psalm 68:4; and, I AM, Ex. 3:14; the knowledge of his excellency and sovereignty, by the names GOD and LORD, Deut. 6:4; and the knowledge of the essential relation of the three divine persons among themselves, by the names of FATHER, SON, and HOLY GHOST, Matt. 28:19."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Is there any difference between God's names and his titles?", "answer": "His names set forth what he is in himself; his titles, what he is to others."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "How are God's titles commonly distinguished?", "answer": "Into those that belong to him as the God of nature, and those which are ascribed to him as the God of grace."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What are the titles that belong to him as the God of nature?", "answer": "They are such as these, The Creator of the ends of the earth, Isaiah 40:28; the Preserver of men, Job 7:20; King of nations, Jer. 10:7; and Lord of hosts, Isaiah 1:9."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What are the titles that are ascribed to him as the God of grace?", "answer": "They are the following among others: The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, Ex. 3:6; the Holy One of Israel, Isaiah 48:17; King of saints, Rev. 15:3; the Father of mercies, 2 Cor. 1:3; the hearer of prayer, Psalm 65:2; and the God of salvation, Psalm 68:20."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Which is the most common and ordinary title ascribed to God under the New Testament?", "answer": "It is the infinitely amiable and encouraging title of \"the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ,\" Eph. 1:3; 1 Pet. 1:3."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What comfortable views may we take of God, as he is the God and Father of our Lord. Jesus Christ?", "answer": "In this light we may view him as a reconciled God, 2 Cor. 5:19; a pardoning and accepting God through Christ, Eph. 1:6, 7; and as our God and Father in him, John 20:17, - \"I ascend unto my Father and your Father, and to my God and your God.\""}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is to be understood by God's attributes?", "answer": "The perfections and excellencies which are ascribed to him as the essential properties of his nature."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What are God's ordinances?", "answer": "The reading, preaching, and hearing of the word; the administration of the Sacraments; prayer and praise; religious fasting and thanksgiving.69"}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What are the ordinances in which the name of God is more immediately interposed?", "answer": "The name of God is more immediately interposed in oaths, vows, and lots."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What is an OATH?", "answer": "It is an act of religious worship, in which God is solemnly invoked, or called upon, as a witness for the Confirmation of some matter in doubt."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Why is it said to be an act of religious worship?", "answer": "Because there is, or ought to be in every formal oath, a solemn invocation of the name of God, Deut. 6:13 - \"Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God - and shalt swear by his name.\""}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is imported in calling upon God as a witness in an oath?", "answer": "It imports, that we acknowledge him to be the infallible searcher of our hearts; the powerful avenger of all perjury and falsehood; and at the same time to be infinitely superior to us; \"for men verily Swear by the greater,\" Heb. 6:16."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "In what cases should an oath be required?", "answer": "Only in cases that are doubtful, when the truth of things cannot be known with certainty any other way."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What is the end of an oath in a lawful judicature?", "answer": "It is for confirmation of the truth formerly doubtful; and for terminating strife and contradiction among men. \"An oath for confirmation is to them an end of all strife,\" Heb. 6:16."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What are the necessary qualifications of a lawful oath?", "answer": "That we swear - \"in truth, in judgment, and in righteousness,\" Jer. 6:2."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What is it to swear in truth?", "answer": "It is to take special care, that what is sworn be strictly agreeable to truth; and that there be an exact agreement between the sentiments of our minds, and the words of our mouth, without the least equivocation, or mental reservation."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What is it to equivocate, or dissemble in an oath?", "answer": "It is to have an inward reserved meaning and sense of words, contrary to the common and ordinary acceptation of them, and that with a design to deceive."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "In what consists the evil and sinfulness of this practice?", "answer": "It destroys the nature and end of an oath, which is to bring forth nothing but the truth: it opens a wide door to all falsehood and lying, contrary to Eph. 4:25 - \"Wherefore putting away lying, speak every man truth with his neighbour;\" and it unhinges the firmest bonds of society, that none can put confidence in another."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What is it to swear in judgment?", "answer": "It is to swear with knowledge and deliberation; seriously pondering in our mind, what it is we are about to swear, and the solemn appeal we make to God in the oath, together with the dangerous risk we run, if we swear either falsely or ignorantly."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What is it to swear in righteousness?", "answer": "It is to give our oath only in things lawful, or such as are consistent with piety towards God, and equity towards man; and likewise to give it on a lawful occasion."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "When is a civil oath taken upon a lawful occasion?", "answer": "When it is required by a lawful magistrate, for the ending of strife and debate, and the impartial administration of justice."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "How do you prove that it is warrantable for Christians under the New Testament, to declare the truth upon oath, when called to it?", "answer": "From this, that an oath, being no part of the ceremonial law, there can be no reason given why it was lawful to swear under the Old Testament, which will not apply in the like circumstances NOW; especially as there are approved examples of the use of an oath under the New Testament, 2 Cor. 1:23; Rev. 10:6; Heb. 6:16."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Does not our Lord say, Matt. 5:34, - \"Swear not at all;\" and the apostle James, chap. 5:12, \"Above all things, swear not\"?", "answer": "These texts manifestly condemn profane swearing in ordinary conversation, and not lawful swearing in judgment, when called to do it; as appears from the injunction subjoined in both places, \"Let your communication be, Yea, yea; Nay, nay.\""}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What is the ordinary outward form or sign, in scripture, of appealing to God in an oath?", "answer": "It is the lifting up of the hand; as appears from Gen. 14:22; Dan. 12:7; Rev. 10:5, 6."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What are we to think of that mode of swearing, by touching and kissing the gospel?", "answer": "It is evidently superstitious, if not idolatrous, and borrowed by the Papists from the heathens, who worshipped their idols in this manner, Job 31:27; Hos. 13:2."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "How are oaths commonly distinguished as to their kinds?", "answer": "Into assertory and promissory oaths."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "What is an assertory oath?", "answer": "It is an invoking God as a witness to the truth of what we declare about things past or present."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "Why called assertory?", "answer": "Because the party swearing, without any promise for the future, only asserts the things to have been, or to be at present, as he then swears."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "What is the chief use of assertory oaths?", "answer": "It is to determine suits and processes in human courts about matters of fact."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "What is a promissory oath", "answer": "It is the invoking God as a witness to the performance of a thing for the time to come, either absolutely or conditionally."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "Why called promissory?", "answer": "Because the party swearing promises or engages to do something hereafter."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "What should be the subject matter of assertory oaths?", "answer": "Such things as are both true and weighty, and which we know to be so."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "What should be the subject matter of promissory oaths?", "answer": "Such things as to our knowledge, are lawful, possible, and in our power to perform."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "How may promissory oaths be subdivided?", "answer": "Into civil and religious."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "To what has a civil promissory oath a respect?", "answer": "To :ontracts and engagements among men, whether of a more private or public nature."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "May not the supreme magistrate require an allegiance of his subjects, or an oath of fidelity to obey his just and lawful commands?", "answer": "It appears evidently from scripture that he may, Eccl. 8:2 - \"I counsel thee to keep the king's commandment, and that in regard of the oath of God,\" 1 Chron. 29:24."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "To what has a religious promissory oath a respect.", "answer": "It respects the duties and services we owe more immediately to God, and the interests of religion.70"}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "In what lies the obligation of an oath?", "answer": "In the strong tie or bond that the party swearing comes under, to the performance of some duty engaged to."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "How many fold is the obligation of a promissory oath?", "answer": "TWOFOLD: one to the person to whom the oath is made, as a party; the other to God, by whom the oath is made, as a witness and avenger."}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "What is the difference between the obligation of a promise, and the obligation of an oath?", "answer": "A man is bound to perform his promise as well as his oath: but an oath being an immediate invocation of the name of God as a witness and judge, it is, on this account, of a stronger obligation, and the breach of it a more heinous sin, than the breach of a simple promise."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "Does not all obligation to duty respect a future time in which it is to be performed?", "answer": "It necessarily does so, in the nature of the thing; although, in some cases, the time of performance may be very short after the obligation is contracted."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "Under what obligation does a person come in an assertory oath, which respects the time past or present?", "answer": "He comes under an obligation to declare the truth, and nothing but the truth, in what he is about to say; or, that his words shall exactly agree with his mind."}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "Under what obligation does a person come in a promissory oath, which respects the time to come?", "answer": "He comes under an obligation to endeavour, as far as in him lies, to fulfil that which he has sworn; or, to perform all that he has promised by oath, Num. 30:2 - \"If a man vow a vow unto the Lord, or swear an oath to bind his soul with a bond; he shall not break his word; he shall do according to all that proceedeth out of his mouth.\""}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "Is an oath about a thing lawful and possible obligatory, even though it be extorted by force or fear?", "answer": "Undoubtedly it is: because of the reverence due to God, by whom the oath is made a witness and judge, Lev. 19:12 - \"Ye shall not swear by my name falsely; neither shalt thou profane the name of thy God: I am the Lord.\"Matt. 5:33 - \"Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the Lord thine oaths.\""}, {"item_id": "52", "question": "Is a person bound to pay such a sum to a robber as he has promised by his oath, for the ransom of his life?", "answer": "He is certainly bound to pay it; because, of TWO PENAL evils, he voluntarily made choice of the least; to part with his money, rather than his life; accordingly, the righteous man, \"sweareth to his OWN HURT, and changeth not,\" Psalm 15:4."}, {"item_id": "53", "question": "Is an oath, which is lawful as to the matter of it, though sinful as to the manner, and even obtained by, deceit, or rashly made binding and obligatory upon the person who has sworn it?", "answer": "Yes; as is evident from the instance of the Gibeonites, who deceived Israel into a league with them by oath, and yet their oath was binding, Josh. 9:14-20."}, {"item_id": "54", "question": "Are oaths and contracts to be kept with Heathens and heretics?", "answer": "No doubt they should, as well as with others. Zedekiah, king of Judah, was severely punished for his breach of oath to the king of Babylon, 2 Chron. 36:13; Ezek. 17:16. Besides, if infidelity and heresy do not nullify the marriage oath, neither ought they to make void any other lawful contract."}, {"item_id": "55", "question": "What is a vow?", "answer": "It is a voluntary and deliberate engagement to God only as party, and that respecting matters of a sacred or religious character, Psalm 132:2-6."}, {"item_id": "56", "question": "What is the difference between an oath and a vow?", "answer": "In an oath, man is generally the party, and God is brought in as the witness: but in a vow, God himself is always the sole party, besides his being a witness, Psalm 50:14. Isaiah 19:21."}, {"item_id": "57", "question": "What is the subject matter of vows?", "answer": "Only things religious; or such as relate immediately to the glory of God, and the salvation of our souls."}, {"item_id": "58", "question": "How ought vows to be entered into?", "answer": "In the exercise of faith; or, in the strength of the grace that is in Christ Jesus, John 15:5; without which there can be no performance, Phil. 4:13."}, {"item_id": "59", "question": "How many kinds of vows are there?", "answer": "Two; personal and social."}, {"item_id": "60", "question": "What is a personal vow?", "answer": "It is the act of an individual, or single person, taking hold of God's covenant of grace, or acquiescing in it as made with Christ, who is the all of it and thus engaging to be the Lord's, and to essay the practice of all duty in his strength. Is. 44:5 - \"One shall say, I am the Lord's,\" Psalm 119:106 - \"I have sworn, and will perform it, that I will keep thy righteous judgments.\"71"}, {"item_id": "61", "question": "What is a social vow?", "answer": "It is the joint concurrence of several individuals in the same exercise as in a personal one, openly avouching the Lord to be their God, Deut. 26:17; where Moses, speaking of all Israel, says, \"Thou hast avouched the Lord this day to be thy God, to walk in his ways,\" &c."}, {"item_id": "62", "question": "When doth such a social vow commonly get the name of a NATIONAL COVENANT?", "answer": "When the representatives of a nation, or the better part of them, concur in a covenant of duties, as ingrafted upon the covenant of grace, Jer. 50:4, 5 - \"The children of Israel shall come, they and the children of Judah together, - saying, Come, and let us join ourselves to the Lord in a perpetual covenant that shall not be forgotten.\" See also Neh. 9:33, and 10:1, 30."}, {"item_id": "63", "question": "How do you prove that national covenanting is a warrantable duty under the New Testament?", "answer": "From its being promised in the Old Testament that this shall be a duty performed under the New, Isaiah 19:21 - \"The Egyptians shall know the Lord in that day, and - they shall vow a vow unto the Lord, and shall perform it.\" Besides, if it was a moral duty upon special occasions, under the Old Testament (as appears from 2 Chron 15:12, and 34:31, 32; Neh. 9:38), it must remain to be the same, upon the like occasions, still; because Christ came not to destroy the law or the prophets, but to fulfil them, Matt 5:17."}, {"item_id": "64", "question": "Is our obligation to moral duties increased, by our vowing or engaging to perform them?", "answer": "Although it is impossible that our obligation to moral duty can he increased by any deed of ours, beyond what it is already by the law of God, which is of the highest authority; yet by reason of our own voluntary and superadded engagement, this obligation from the law may make a deeper impression than before, Psalm 44:17, 18, and our sins receive a higher aggravation, if we either omit the duty engaged to, or commit the evil opposite to it, Deut. 23:21, 22."}, {"item_id": "65", "question": "What is a LOT, or lotting?", "answer": "It is the laying aside the use of all means or second causes, and appealing directly to God, that he may, by his immediate providence, give a present decision respecting any matter in question \"for the lot is cast into the lap; but the whole disposing thereof is of the Lord,\" Proverbs 16:33."}, {"item_id": "66", "question": "Why are lots said to be an appeal to God?", "answer": "Because, by casting of lots between two or more persons, or things, we, as it were, require him immediately to declare his mind by the event, which way the decision shall go, Acts 1:24, 26 - \"Show whether of these two thou hast chosen. And the lot felt on Matthias.\""}, {"item_id": "67", "question": "In what cases may a decision be put upon the event of a lot?", "answer": "Only in cases of great weight and absolute necessity, Josh. 7:13, 14."}, {"item_id": "68", "question": "Why should a lot be used only in cases of great weight and moment?", "answer": "Because a lot being a material or implicit invoking of God to give a decision, it would be a wicked profanation of his name, to call him to determine in trifles, or things of little or no value."}, {"item_id": "69", "question": "Why should it be used only in cases of absolute necessity?", "answer": "Because, where human prudence can determine, it would be a tempting of God, to require his decision."}, {"item_id": "70", "question": "What then is the end of lots?", "answer": "It is the same as of oaths, to determine finally in momentous controversies, that which can be decided in no other way, Proverbs 18:18 - \"The lot causeth contention to cease, and parteth between the mighty.\""}, {"item_id": "71", "question": "In what manner ought lots to be used?", "answer": "In : most reverential manner, as in the presence of God, who pronounces the sentence; and in whose decision all parties ought cheerfully to acquiesce, Acts 1:24, 26 - \"And they PRAYED - and gave forth their lots.\""}, {"item_id": "72", "question": "What is the word in which the name of God is declared?", "answer": "The scriptures of the Old and New Testament."}, {"item_id": "73", "question": "What is meant by God's works in this answer?", "answer": "His works of creation and providence; which last includes redemption."}, {"item_id": "74", "question": "What does this commandment REQUIRE, with reference to God's names, titles, attributes, ordinances, word, and works.", "answer": "The holy and reverend use of them."}, {"item_id": "75", "question": "What is it to make a holy and reverend use of these?", "answer": "It is, in all our meditations, speeches, and writings, to have the most profound respect and regard for every thing, by which God manifests his name and glory, Deut. 28:58."}, {"item_id": "76", "question": "When do we essay to make a reverend use of God's names, titles, and attributes?", "answer": "When we view them as in Christ, and in this light draw virtue from them, for the increase of our faith and holiness, Ex. 23:21 - \"Obey his voice - for my name is in him.\""}, {"item_id": "77", "question": "When do we endeavour a holy and reverend use of the ordinances?", "answer": "When we view God as present in them, Matt. 28:20; and attend or perform them with a single eye to his glory, Psalm 86:9."}, {"item_id": "78", "question": "When do we use the word in a holy and reverend manner?", "answer": "When we search and believe the scriptures, as testifying of Christ, John 5:39; and are directed by them as a lamp to our feet, and a light to our path, Psalm 119:105."}, {"item_id": "79", "question": "When do we essay to make a holy and reverend use of the works of God.", "answer": "When we are enabled to make suitable improvement of the bright displays he has made of his glorious excellencies, in creation, providence, and redemption, so as to walk humbly and thankfully before him, Rev. 15:3, 4 - \"Great and marvellous are thy works, Lord God Almighty just and true are thy ways, thou King of saints. Who shall not fear thee, O Lord! and glorify thy name for thou only art holy.\""}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "55", "sort_key": 55, "question": "What is forbidden in the Third Commandment?", "answer": "The Third Commandment forbiddeth all profaning or abusing of any thing whereby God maketh himself known.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What do you understand by profaning or abusing of any thing whereby God makes himself known?", "answer": "It :s the using of his names, titles, attributes, ordinances, word, and works, in a rash, irreverent, and unbecoming manner."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How are God's names, titles, and attributes, profaned or abused by men?", "answer": "Many ways: particularly, by blasphemy, perjury, sinful cursings, oaths, vows, and lots.\"72"}, {"item_id": "3", "question": ":hat is blasphemy?", "answer": "It is speaking in a reproachful, reviling, and under-valuing manner of God, Isaiah 36:20; of his word, Acts 13:45; or of any of his providential dispensations, Ezek. 18:25."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is the aggravation of this sin?", "answer": "It is an atheistical contempt of the most high God; - the greatest affront that can be done him by his creatures, Ex. 5:2."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "May not persons be guilty of blasphemy in their hearts though never uttered in words?", "answer": "Yes, undoubtedly they may; either when atheistical thoughts of him are harboured, Psalm 14:1; or, disparaging and unbecoming conceptions of him entertained, Psalm 10:11 and 50:21."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What was the punishment of blasphemy, at the hand of man, by the law of God?", "answer": "It was death, Lev. 24:16 - \"He that blasphemeth the name of the Lord, he shall surely be put to death.\""}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is perjury?", "answer": "It is a breach or violation of any solemn oath or vow we have entered into or come under, Matt. 5:33 - \"Thou shalt not forswear thyself.\""}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "When are persons guilty of perjury in assertory oaths?", "answer": "When they assert such a thing, upon oath to be true, which yet they know to be false, like the witness against Naboth, 1 Kings 21:13; or even when they are doubtful and uncertain about the truth of what they are swearing; like the witnesses against Christ, whose witnessing did \"not agree together,\" Mark 14:58, 59."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "When are persons guilty of perjury in promissory oaths?", "answer": "When they promise upon oath what they have no mind to perform; or when, without any insuperable impediment laid in their way, or any just and relevant excuse, they fail in the performance: as in the perjury of Zedekiah king of Judah, who broke his oath to the king of Babylon, Ezek. 17:16."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Is a person guilty of perjury, if he swears to do a thing impossible or unlawful?", "answer": "Surely he is: for, if he swear to a thing impossible, he swears to a manifest lie; if he swear to do a thing unlawful, he is doubly perjured; both in making such an oath, and in fulfilling it, as was the case with Herod, Matt. 14:9, 10."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the aggravation of the sin of perjury?", "answer": "It not only breaks all the bonds of society among men, but impeaches the omniscience of God himself, calling him to attest what conscience knows to be an untruth; and therefore God threatens, that his \"curse shall enter into the house of him that sweareth falsely - and shall consume it, with the timber thereof, and the stones thereof,\" Zech. 5:3, 4."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "How is God's name profaned by sinful cursings?", "answer": "When God's wrath and vengeance are imprecated upon ourselves or others: or when the devil is in any manner invoked for harm."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "For what do wicked persons wish, when they imprecate the wrath and vengeance of God upon themselves?", "answer": "They do, in effect, pray, that God would hasten their everlasting destruction, and that their damnation may not slumber, but be speedily inflicted; 2 Pet. 2:3."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Do the devils themselves venture to wish for this?", "answer": "No; they believe that there is farther wrath awaiting them at the judgment of the great day; and they tremble at the forethoughts of it, James 2:19; Jude verse 6."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What is the evil of imprecating divine vengeance upon others?", "answer": "It is a piece of the most profane, presumptuous, and impudent freedom with the Majesty of heaven; as if he were bound to empty the vials of his wrath upon our fellow creatures, at our pleasure, and that in order to gratify our passionate revenge upon them, 2 Sam. 16:5, 8."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Is it not a most horrid and abominable wickedness to call or invoke the evil to TAKE ourselves or others?", "answer": "Surely it is for it is a putting the devil in God's stead, or an employing of him to do God's work for him, even when he is delaying to do it himself; which is no less than devil-worship, and we ought not to \"have fellowship with devils,\" 1 Cor. 10:20."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How is the name of God abused by sinful oaths?", "answer": "When men take unlawful oaths that may be imposed upon them, and when, in their ordinary conversation, they swear by God, or by any thing by which he makes himself known; contrary to Matt. 5:37 - \"Let your communications be, Yea, yea; Nay, nay: for whatsoever is more than these, cometh of evil:\" or of the evil one."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "In what lies the heinousness of swearing in common discourse?", "answer": "It is a most heaven-daring wickedness, even an insulting of the great God, our maker, to his face; a crime, which we dare not, without danger, be guilty of against our fellow creatures; and which is neither attended with the allurements of pleasure nor temptations of profit."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Is it a taking of God's name in vain, to swear by the creatures; such as, by heaven, by our life, soul, conscience, or the like?", "answer": "Yes; because swearing by any of his creatures, is interpretatively a swearing by God the Creator and Preserver of all things, Matt. 23:22 - \"He that sweareth by HEAVEN, sweareth by the throne of God, and by him that sitteth thereon.\""}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Did not Joseph, who was a good man, swear repeatedly \"by the life of Pharaoh\"? Gen. 42:15, 16.", "answer": "The goodness of the man did not excuse the sinfulness of the action: we are not to \"do evil, that good may come,\" Rom. 3:8. For, though it may be alleged, that to say, \"By the life of Pharaoh,\" is no more than to say, \"As sure as Pharaoh lives;\" yet the words themselves being in the form of an unlawful oath, which it would seem was commonly used by the Egyptians, they ought not, for this reason, to have been uttered."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Is swearing by faith, or troth, a formal profaning of God's name?", "answer": "No doubt it is; for when a person swears in this manner, he tacitly invokes God to bear witness, that he is speaking faithfully and truly, and to punish him, if he is doing otherwise; which, in ordinary conversation, is undoubtedly sinful, and a falling \"into condemnation,\" James 5:12."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Will a habit or custom of swearing in common discourse, be an excuse for it?", "answer": "By no means; any more than a habit or custom of killing men, can be an excuse for wilful murder."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "How is the name of God profaned by sinful vows?", "answer": "Either when we solemnly enter into a resolution to do what is absolutely unlawful as Jezebel did, 1 Kings 19:2; or when we come under engagements to duty, and against sin, in our own strength, without a due dependence on the grace of God, as the greater part of the Israelites did, Deut. 5:27, 29; or, when we vow, and are not resolved to perform, as Johanan and his confederates did, Jer. 42:5, compared with verse 20."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "When is the name of God profaned or abused by lots?", "answer": "When God is appealed to by way of diversion, as in playing at cards, and dice, where the great God is most presumptuously invoked to determine who shall be the gainer. Lots are also unlawful, when there is an appeal by them to God in matters of small moment, which might be otherwise easily decided; this being too like the practice of the soldiers, who, after they had crucified Christ, did \"cast lots for his vesture,\" John 19:23, 24."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "How do men profane the name of God in their outward walk?", "answer": "By making profession of religion in hypocrisy, and backsliding from it, Heb. 6:6; or, by committing such enormities and immoralities, as reflect dishonour upon it, and make the name of God to be evil spoken of, Rom, 2:24."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "How are the ordinances of God profaned and abused?", "answer": "Either when they are quite neglected, Acts 7:42, 43, or when they are attended in a formal, superficial, and customary manner, without seeking to meet with God in them, or to have spiritual food and nourishment to our souls by them, Isaiah 29:13, 14."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How is the word profaned and abused?", "answer": "\"By misinterpreting, misapplying, or perverting any part of it, to profane jests, curious and unprofitable questions, vain janglings, or the maintaining of false doctrines; abusing it, - or any thing, contained under the name of God, to charms, - or any way opposing God's truth, grace, and ways.\"73"}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "How are the works of God abused?", "answer": "When \"the creatures\" are prostituted to \"sinful lusts and practices; and when there is a murmuring and quarrelling at God's providences.\"74"}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "56", "sort_key": 56, "question": "What is the reason annexed to the Third Commandment?", "answer": "The reason annexed to the Third Commandment is, that however the breakers of this commandment may escape punishment from men, yet the Lord our God will not suffer them to escape his righteous judgment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Are there any arguments against taking God's name in vain, couched in the preceptive part of this commandment?", "answer": "Yes; he whose name we are forbidden to take in vain, is the LORD OUR GOD; \"Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy GOD in vain.\""}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the force of the argument taken from his being the Lord or JEHOVAH?", "answer": "That his infinite essential glory and excellency should fill us with the greatest reverence and humility, when we think or speak of any thing by which he makes himself known, Psalm 83:18."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the force of the argument taken from his being our God?", "answer": "That his making himself over to us in the covenant of promise, as our reconciled God and Father in Christ, should lay us under the strongest obligation to a holy and reverential use of his name, Ex. 15:2."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is the particular reason expressly subjoined or annexed to this commandment?", "answer": "It is in these words, by way of threatening: For the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is the import of the threatening, \"the Lord will not hold him guiltless?\"", "answer": "It imports, that he will surely hold him guilty in a peculiar manner, who presumes to profane or abuse his name, so that divine vengeance shall be infallibly certain against him, Zech. 5:3."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "In what light does the scripture represent those who take God's name in vain?", "answer": "It represents them as his open and avowed enemies, Psalm 139:20 - \"Thine ENEMIES take thy name in vain.\""}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "How does it appear that divine vengeance is infallibly certain against the profaners of God's name?", "answer": "It appears from the very terms of the threatening, The Lord WILL NOT hold him guiltless; that is, as sure as there will be a judgment seat, before which sinners must appear; so sure it is, that this sin shall then be taken particular notice of, as a main article of the indictment, Mal. 3:5."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Why do the breakers of this commandment escape punishment from men?", "answer": "Because many of those to whom the administration of justice is committed, being themselves guilty, do therefore show no concern for vindicating the honour of God's name in punishing the profaners of it."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Why will not the Lord our God suffer them to escape his righteous judgment?", "answer": "Because, if heathens are highly punishable for this crime, as contrary to one of the first dictates of nature's light, Rom. 1:32, much more, among Christians; the manifestation of God's name in Christ being the greatest blessing, John 15:22, their profaning or abusing of it, must be the greatest sin, Amos 3:2."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "57", "sort_key": 57, "question": "Which is the Fourth Commandment?", "answer": "The Fourth Commandment is, Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour and do all thy work. But the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates. For, in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day; wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day, and hallowed it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "58", "sort_key": 58, "question": "What is required in the Fourth Commandment?", "answer": "The Fourth Commandment requireth the keeping holy to God such set times as he hath appointed in his word; expressly one whole day in seven, to be a holy Sabbath unto himself.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "To what about the Worship of God has this command a reference?", "answer": "It refers to the special TIME of God's worship."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Is the TIME of God's worship left arbitrary to the will of man?", "answer": "No; we are to keep holy to God such set times as he hath appointed in his word."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Why should such set times be kept holy, and no other?", "answer": "Because God is the sovereign Lord of our time, and has the sole power and authority to direct how it should be improved."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is meant by the set times mentioned in the answer?", "answer": "The stated feasts, and holy convocations for religious worship, instituted under the ceremonial law, which the church of the Jews was obliged to observe during that dispensation, Lev. 23."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Is there any warrant for anniversary, or stated holidays, now, under the New Testament?", "answer": "No;:these under the Old, being abrogated by the death and resurrection of Christ, there is neither precept nor example in scripture, for any of the yearly holidays observed by Papists, and others: on the contrary, all such days are condemned, Gal. 4:10; Col. 2:16, 17."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What crimes does the observance of them import?", "answer": "The observance of them imports no less than an impeachment of the institutions of God, concerning his worship, as if they were imperfect; and an encroachment upon the liberty wherewith Christ has made his church and people free, Col. 2:20."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the special and stated time, which God has expressly, appointed in his word, to be kept holy?", "answer": "One whole day in seven, to be a holy Sabbath to himself."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is meant by a whole day?", "answer": "A whole natural day, consisting of twenty-four hours."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What do you understand by one whole day in seven?", "answer": "A seventh part of our weekly time; or one complete day, either, after or before six days' labour."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "When should we begin and end this day?", "answer": "We should measure it just as we do other days, from midnight to midnight, without alienating any part of it to our own works."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Are not sleeping and eating on the Sabbath day our own works?", "answer": "If these refreshments of nature are in moderation, and to the glory of God on the Sabbath, they are not properly our own works, because they are necessary to strengthen our bodies for religious exercises."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the significance of the word Sabbath?", "answer": "It is a Hebrew word, signifying REST; as it is interpreted, Heb. 4:9 - \"There remaineth therefore a REST,\" (margin, keeping of a Sabbath) \"to the people of God.\""}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Is Sunday a proper or fit name for this day?", "answer": "Although it cannot charitably be supposed that many who use this term have any knowledge of, or pay the smallest regard to the idolatrous rise of this name, or the names, assigned to the other days of the week; yet it were to be wished, that all Christians would call this holy day by one or other of its scripture designations."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "May it not continue to be called Sabbath NOW, as well as under the Old Testament?", "answer": "Yes; in regard our Lord himself calls it by this name, Matt 24:20 - \"Pray ye that your flight be not in the winter neither on the Sabbath day.\""}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "But is not our Lord speaking there of the Jewish, not of the Christian Sabbath?", "answer": "He evidently means the Christian Sabbath only; for he is speaking of the flight which should happen at the destruction of Jerusalem; which did not take place till about forty years after the Jewish Sabbath was abolished, and the Christian Sabbath had come in its room."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Why is it called a holy Sabbath?", "answer": "Because it was consecrated and set apart by God himself, for his own worship and service."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Is there any other day holy beside the Sabbath?", "answer": "Other days may be occasionally employed in the worship of God, according to providential calls to it; yet there is no other day, except the Sabbath, morally and perpetually holy."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Is the Sabbath instrumentally holy, or is the time itself of the Sabbath an instrument and means (as the word and sacraments are) of conveying spiritual grace?", "answer": "Not at all: for the time of the Sabbath is only a holy SEASON in which God is pleased to bless his people, more ordinarily than at other times, John 20:19-24; still reserving to himself the prerogative of communicating his grace at other times likewise, as he shall see meet, chap. 21:15-18."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Is the Fourth Commandment founded on the light of nature, or upon positive institution?", "answer": "It is founded partly on both."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What part of this commandment is it, that is founded entirely on nature's light; or is what they call moral-natural?", "answer": "The substance of it; namely, that as God is to be worshipped, so some stated time should be set apart for that end."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What part of it is founded on positive institution: or is what they call moral-positive?", "answer": "That one proportion of time should be observed for God's worship and service rather than another; namely, that it should be a seventh, rather than a third, fourth, fifth, or sixth part of our weekly time."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Why do you call this a POSITIVE institution?", "answer": "Because the observance of one day in seven, for a Sabbath, flows from the sovereign will of God in appointing it; and could never have been observed, more than any other part of time, merely by the force of nature's light."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Why do you call it MORAL-positive?", "answer": "Because, though the law appointing the precise time of the Sabbath be positive, yet the reason of the law (plainly implied in the law itself, namely, that divine wisdom saw it most equal and meet, that man having six, God should have a seventh day to himself) is MORAL."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "In what, then, consists the morality of the Fourth Commandment?", "answer": "In keeping holy to God any seventh day he shall be pleased to appoint."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What is meant by the SEVENTH day mentioned in the commandment?", "answer": "Not only the seventh in order from the creation, but any other seventh part of our weekly time, as God shall determine."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "How does this appear from the words of the command itself?", "answer": "In the beginning of the commandment, it is not said, Remember the seventh day, (namely, in order from the creation,) but \"Remember the Sabbath-day, to keep it holy.\"Just so, in the end of this command, the, words are not, The Lord blessed the seventh day; but, \"the Lord blessed the Sabbath-day, and hallowed it.\""}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How do you prove the observance of one whole day in seven for a holy Sabbath to the Lord, to be of moral and perpetual obligation?", "answer": "From the time of the first institution of the Sabbath; from its being placed in the DECALOGUE, or summary of moral precepts; and from there being nothing originally ceremonial, or typical, in the scope or substance of it."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "When was the Sabbath, first instituted?", "answer": "The will of God, that some stated time should be set apart for his worship was written with the rest of the commandments, upon man's heart at his first creation; and God's resting from all his works on the first seventh day; his blessing and sanctifying it, Gen. 2:1-3, were sufficient evidences of his will to mankind, that they should observe every seventh day thereafter, till God should be pleased to alter it."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "How is the morality of the Sabbath evinced from the FIRST INSTITUTION of it?", "answer": "Being instituted while Adam was in innocency, and consequently before all types and ceremonies respecting an atonement for sin, and being appointed him upon a moral ground, without any particular reference to an innocent state more than any other, it must therefore be of perpetual obligation."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "What was the moral, ground upon which the Sabbath was appointed to Adam?", "answer": "It was this, that infinite wisdom saw it meet, for God's glory, and needful for man's good, that man have one day in the week for more immediate and special converse with God."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What need was there for Adam in innocence, being perfectly holy, to have one day set apart from the others, for more immediate converse with God?", "answer": "That in this respect he might be like God, who set him an example of holy working six days, and of a holy resting on the seventh."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "Could Adam's mind be equally intent upon the immediate worship of God, when about his ordinary employment in dressing the garden, as on a day set apart for that purpose?", "answer": "No; for though there could be no interruption of his happiness and fellowship with God, when dressing the garden, as he was a perfect creature; yet being at the same time a finite creature, his mind, while he was about that employment, could not be so intent upon the immediate worship of God, as it would be on a day set apart for that purpose; therefore it was fit he should have such a day, that he might thus have an uninterrupted freedom in the immediate contemplation and enjoyment of his Maker, without any avocation from worldly things."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "What may be inferred from this, in favour of the morality of the Sabbath?", "answer": "That if Adam in innocence needed a Sabbath, for the more immediate service and solemn worship of God, much more do we, who are sinful creatures, and so immersed in worldly cares, need such a day."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "Did the religious observance of the Sabbath take place immediately after the creation, or not till the publishing of the law at Mount Sinai?", "answer": "It took place at, and from the first seventh day after the creation for God's blessing and sanctifying of the Sabbath is related as a thing actually done at that time, and not as a thing to be done upwards of two thousand years afterwards, Gen. 2:3."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "How can the observance of the Sabbath be said to have taken place immediately after the creation, when the scripture is wholly silent about the observance of it till the time of Moses?", "answer": "It might as well be argued, that the Sabbath was not observed after Moses' time, during the government of the Judges (which, according to Acts 13:20, was \"about the space of four hundred and fifty years\"), there being no mention of the church observing a Sabbath during the whole of that long period: and yet it cannot be supposed, that such godly men as the Judges were, would suffer the observance of the Sabbath to go into entire disuse."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "Is there any evidence from scripture, that the Israelites knew the observance of the Sabbath to be a moral duty, before the publication of the law, from Mount Sinai?", "answer": "Yes; for when the manna was first given them, before they came to Mount Sinai, Moses speaks of the Sabbath, as a day well known to them, Ex. 16:23 - \"Tomorrow is the rest of the holy Sabbath unto the Lord.\""}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "How may the morality of the Sabbath be demonstrated from its SITUATION in the decalogue, or Ten Commandments?", "answer": "It is placed in the midst of moral precepts, and must therefore be of the same nature and kind with them. It has the same dignity and honour put upon it, that the other nine commandments have; for it was, with them, proclaimed by the mouth of God, in the hearing of all Israel; twice written upon tables of stone, by the finger of God; and with them lodged within the ark: none of which privileges were conferred upon the ceremonial law: and, consequently, the Fourth Commandment must be of the same perpetual obligation as the other moral precepts, James 2:10."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "Was there any thing TYPICAL of Christ in the original institution of the Sabbath?", "answer": "It is impossible there could: for Adam, in innocence, being under a covenant of works, had no need of Christ, or the revelation of him by types; no, not to confirm him in that covenant, Gal. 3:12."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "What would have been the consequence, if the Sabbath had been originally and essentially typical.", "answer": "If so, then it would have been abolished, upon the death of Christ, and there would be no more remembrance of it than of the new moons and jubilees: which is, indeed, what they who argue against the morality of the Sabbath seem much to desire."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "Were not the Israelites commanded to keep the Sabbath day in memory of their deliverance out of Egypt, which was typical of our redemption by Christ?", "answer": "Yes; their deliverance out of Egypt was annexed, at Mount Sinai, as a superadded ground for the observance of that particular seventh day, which God appointed to be kept immediately after the creation, Deut. 5:15. For which reason, this particular seventh day was abolished at the resurrection of Christ: but still the seventh part of weekly time fixed by God at the beginning, as the substance of this commandment, remained unchangeably moral."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "Will it follow that the substance of this commandment is ceremonial, because it is said of Christ, Matt. 12:8, that he is \"Lord even of the Sabbath day?\"", "answer": "By no means: the very contrary will follow; namely, that such a seventh part of weekly time, as is now observed, is moral, because he who is the Lord of the Sabbath, has appointed it to be so; and, consequently, has power to order the work of it for his own service."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "Is it any argument against the morality of the Sabbath, that it \"was made for man, and not man for the Sabbath\"?", "answer": "No; but rather an argument for it: the meaning doubtless is that resting on the Sabbath was appointed for man's good, that it might be a means to a further and better end, even the true sanctification of it, in the exercise of the duties of piety and mercy required on the day."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "59", "sort_key": 59, "question": "Which day of the seven hath God appointed to be the weekly Sabbath?", "answer": "From the beginning of the world, to the resurrection of Christ, God appointed the seventh day of the week to be the weekly Sabbath; and the first day of the week, ever since, to continue to the end of the world, which is the Christian Sabbath.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "When did God appoint the seventh day of the week to be the weekly Sabbath?", "answer": "From the beginning of the world, Gen. 2:2, 3."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Why is it said to be from the beginning of the world, when it was not done till after man was created on the sixth day?", "answer": "Because the world, as to its perfection of parts, did not properly begin till the creation was completely finished; which was not till man was made, who was to \"have dominion over all the earth,\" Gen. 1:26."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How long was this seventh or last day of the week appointed to be the weekly Sabbath?", "answer": "To the resurrection of Christ, Matt. 28:1."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Which day of the week did God appoint for the Sabbath ever since that time?", "answer": "The first day of the week, Acts 20:7."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "For how long time is the first day of the week appointed to be the weekly Sabbath?", "answer": "To the end of the world."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "How are we sure that it is appointed to continue to the end of the world?", "answer": "Because the canon of scripture is concluded, and therefore no new revelations and institutions are to be expected, Rev. 22:18, 19."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Why is the first day of the week called the Christian Sabbath?", "answer": "Because it was instituted by CHRIST, and uniformly observed by Christians ever since his resurrection."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Are not all divine institutions observed in virtue of some moral precept?", "answer": "Yes; otherwise the law of the Lord would not be perfect, as it is declared to be, Psalm 19:7."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "In virtue of what moral precept has the first day of the week been observed by Christians.", "answer": "In virtue of the Fourth Commandment; even as the means of worship, instituted under the New Testament, have been observed in virtue of the second."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "How can the first day of the week be observed in virtue of the Fourth Commandment, when it is not in it particularly mentioned?", "answer": "The morality of the Sabbath does not lie in observing the seventh day in order from the creation; but in observing such a seventh day as is determined and appointed by God; which may be either the first or last of the seven days, as he shall see meet."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Under what name or designation is the Christian Sabbath foretold in the Old Testament?", "answer": "Under the name of the EIGHTH DAY, Ezek. 43:27 - \"And when these days are expired, it shall be that upon the EIGHTH DAY, and so forward, the priests shall make your burnt offerings upon the altar, and your peace offerings: and I will accept you, Saith the Lord.\""}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Why called the eighth day?", "answer": "Because the first day of the week now, is the eighth in order from the creation."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the efficient cause of the change of the Sabbath.", "answer": "The sovereign will and pleasure of him who is \"Lord of the Sabbath,\" Mark 2:28."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the moving cause of this change.", "answer": "The resurrection of Christ from the dead, which was \"early on the first day of the week,\" Mark 16:9."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Why is the day of Christ's resurrection appointed to be the Sabbath?", "answer": "Because his resurrection was a demonstrative evidence that he had completely finished the glorious work of redemption, Rom. 1:4; and therefore it was his RESTING DAY, Heb. 4:10 - \"He that is entered into his rest, he also hath ceased from his own works, as God did from his.\""}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Why might not the day of Christ's incarnation or the day of his passion, have been consecrated to be our Sabbath day?", "answer": "Because they were both of them days of Christ's labour and sorrow, which he had to go through before he came to his rest, Luke 24:26. In his incarnation, and birth, he entered upon his work, Gal. 4:4, 5. In his passion, he was under the sorest part of his labour, even the exquisite and unspeakable agonies of his soul, Matt. 26:38."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Why might not the day of his ascension be made the Sabbath, as well as the day of his resurrection?", "answer": "Because on the day of his ascension he entered only into his PLACE of rest, the third heavens; whereas he had entered before into his STATE of rest on the day of his resurrection; and the place is but a circumstance, when compared with the state."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Why did God change his day of rest?", "answer": "Because his rest in the work of creation was marred and spoiled by man's sin, Gen. 6:6; whereas his rest in the work of redemption, entered into at the resurrection of Christ, is that in which he will have eternal and unchangeable pleasure, John 17:23. Besides, redemption is a far greater and more excellent work than even that of creation."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "How may the change of the Sabbath from the last to the first day of the week be evinced from scripture?", "answer": "If our Lord Jesus, after his resurrection, met ordinarily with his disciples on the first day of the week; if, after his ascension, he poured out his Spirit in an extraordinary manner on that day; if, by the example and practice of the apostles and primitive Christians, recorded in the New Testament, the first day of the week was honoured above any other for the public exercises of God's worship; if, by apostolic precept, the observance of this day, rather than any other, was enjoined for Sabbath services; and if this day is peculiarly dignified with the title of the LORD'S DAY - then it must undoubtedly be the Christian Sabbath by divine institution."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "How does it appear that our Lord, after his resurrection, met ordinarily with his disciples on the first day of the week?", "answer": "From two instances of it; expressly recorded, John 20:19, 26; where it is affirmed, that he met with them on the evening of the same day on which he arose from the dead, being the first day of the week: and that Thomas was not with them when Jesus came, ver. 24. Likewise, on that same day, eight days, he appeared to them again, when they \"were within, and Thomas was with them,\" ver. 26. From whence it would seem, that he met with them ordinarily on that day, during his forty days' abode on the earth, after his resurrection."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "How is it evident that Christ, after his ascension, poured out his Spirit in an extraordinary manner on this day?", "answer": "From Acts 2:1-5 - \"And when the day of Pentecost was fully come, they were all with one accord, in one place; and suddenly there came a sound from heaven, - and they were all filled with the Holy Ghost,\" &c."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What was the day of Pentecost?", "answer": "It was the fiftieth day after the passover, when the \"new meat offering\" was brought unto the Lord, Num. 28:26."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "How do you prove that this was the first day of the week?", "answer": "From Lev. 23:16; where it is said, that the morrow after the seventh Sabbath is the fiftieth day, (or Pentecost). And it is certain that the morrow after the Jewish Sabbath must be the first day of the week."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "How does it appear, from the example and practice of the apostles and primitive Christians, that the first day of the week was honoured above any other, for the public exercise of God's worship?", "answer": "From Acts 20:7 - \"And on the first day of the week, when the disciples came together to break bread, Paul preached unto them:\" where it is obvious that the disciples met ordinarily upon the first day of the week, to hear the word, and celebrate the sacrament of the supper: for it is not said, the apostle called them, but that they CAME together to break bread; and Paul, on that occasion, preached unto them."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "How may it be proved from the context, that the disciples met ordinarily for the public exercises of God's worship, on the first day of the week?", "answer": "That they did so may be proved from this, that \"Paul abode with them seven days,\" as is evident from ver. 6, and yet upon none of the seven did they meet for communicating, or breaking of bread, but on the first day of the week only: which plainly says that they held it for the Christian Sabbath, and not the seventh or last day, which is not even mentioned."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "But do we not read, Acts 13:14, that Paul preached in a synagogue on the Sabbath day, which certainly behoved to be the Jewish Sabbath or last day of the week?", "answer": "He only preached occasionally on the Jewish Sabbath, as the fittest time, when the Jews were assembled together, to dispense gospel truth among them; but did not honour this day as a stated time for public worship."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What apostolic precept is there, for the observance of the first day of the week, rather than any other, for Sabbath services?", "answer": "It is in 1 Cor. 16:1, 2 - \"Now, concerning the collection for the saints, as I have given order to the churches of Galatia, even so do ye. Upon the first day of the week, let every one of you lay by him in store, as God hath prospered him.\""}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What is the argument from this text, to prove an apostolic precept, for observing the first day of the week as the Christian Sabbath?", "answer": "It may run thus: That if collections for the poor are expressly commanded to be made on the first day of the week, it plainly follows, that Christians must meet together on that day, for this and other Sabbath services."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "But may not this be a temporary precept, binding for a time, upon the church of Corinth only?", "answer": "As the words of the text expressly affirm that it was binding also upon the churches of Galatia, so the apostle directs his epistle not to the church of Corinth only, but to \"all that in every place call upon the name of Jesus Christ,\" chap. 1:2; and consequently it must be binding upon all the churches to the end of the world."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "In what place of the New Testament is there mention made of a day dignified with the title of the LORD'S DAY?", "answer": "In Rev. 1:10 - \"I was in the Spirit,\" says John, \"on the LORD'S DAY.\""}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "How may it be proved, that what is here called the Lord's day, is the first day of the week?", "answer": "By these two arguments: That no other day of the week but the first can justly be called the Lord's day; and that the first day of the week is so called in virtue of Christ's sanctifying it, above any other day, for his own honour and service."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "Why can no other day of the week, but the first, be justly called the Lord's day?", "answer": "Because there is no action or work of Christ (save healing on the Sabbath) mentioned or recorded as done upon any one day of the week by another, except that of his resurrection, which is unanimously affirmed by the evangelists, to be on the first day of the week."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "How does it appear that the first day of the week is called the Lord's day, in virtue of his sanctifying it for his own honour and service?", "answer": "As the seventh day Sabbath was called the Sabbath of the Lord, because instituted by him as God-creator; so the first day of the week is called the Lord's day, because instituted by him as God-redeemer; or, as the sacrament of bread and wine is called the Lord's table, and the Lord's Supper, 1 Cor. 10:21, and 11:20, because it is an ordinance of his institution; so, the first day of the week is called the Lord's day, for the very same reason."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "Would the apostles have observed and recommended the first day of the week for the Christian Sabbath, if they had not been particularly instructed in this by Christ himself?", "answer": "No, surely: for, after his passion, he spoke of the things pertaining to the kingdom of God, Acts 1:3; among which the change of the Sabbath from the last to the first day of the week was none of the least; and it is certain that the apostles delivered nothing to the churches, as a rule of faith or practice, but what they received of the Lord, 1 Cor. 11:23."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "60", "sort_key": 60, "question": "How is the Sabbath to be sanctified?", "answer": "The Sabbath is to be sanctified, by a holy resting on that day, even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other days; and spending the whole time in the public and private exercises of God's worship, except so much as is to be taken up in the works of necessity and mercy.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "In what sense is the Sabbath to be sanctified?", "answer": "As it is dedicated by God, for man's sake and use that he may keep it holy to God."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "In what manner should he keep it holy to God?", "answer": "By a holy resting, and by holy exercises."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What should we rest from on the Sabbath?", "answer": "Even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other days; or, which is the same thing, from all servile work, Neh. 13:15-23."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is it that makes a work servile?", "answer": "If it is done for our worldly gain, profit, and livelihood; or if, by prudent management, it might have been done the week before; or, if it be of such a kind as may be delayed till after the Sabbath, Ex. 34:21 - \"Six days thou shalt work, but on the seventh thou shalt rest: in shearing time,75 and in harvest thou shalt rest.\""}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Why does God enjoin rest on the Sabbath so peremptorily and particularly, in the time of ploughing and harvest?", "answer": "Because in these seasons men are most keenly set upon their labour; and may be in the greatest hazard of grudging the time of the Sabbath for rest."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "If the weather is unseasonable through the week, do not reaping and ingathering, in that case become works of necessity on the Sabbath?", "answer": "By no means; because any unseasonableness of the weather that may happen, being common and general, proceeds only from the course of God's ordinary providence, which we ought not to distrust, in regard of his promise, that, \"While the earth remaineth, seed-time and harvest - shall not cease,\" Gen. 8:22."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "If a field of corn is in hazard of being carried away by the unexpected inundation of a river, is it lawful to endeavour the preservation of them upon the Sabbath?", "answer": "Yes: because the dispensation is extraordinary; the case not common nor general; and the damage likewise in an ordinary way, irrecoverable."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Are Christians, under the New Testament, obliged to as strict an abstinence from worldly labour, as the Jews were under the Old?", "answer": "Yes, surely; for moral duties being of unchangeable obligation, Christians must be bound to as strict a performance of them now, as the Jews were then, Psalm 19:9."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Were not the Jews prohibited to dress meat on the Sabbath? Ex. 16:23.", "answer": "They were prohibited such servile work as was requisite in preparing manna for food: such as the grinding of it in mills, beating it in mortars, and baking it in pans, Num. 11:8; but not all dressing of meat, for the comfortable nourishment of their bodies, any more than we."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "How does it appear that they were allowed to dress meat on the Sabbath, for the comfortable nourishment of their bodies?", "answer": "From our Lord's being present at a meal on the Sabbath day, to which there were several guests bidden, and consequently meat behoved to be prepared and dressed for their entertainment, Luke 14:1, 7."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Were not the Jews forbidden to kindle fire in their habitations upon the Sabbath day? Ex. 35:3.", "answer": "Yes, for any servile work, though it were even making materials for the tabernacle, (which is the work spoken of through the following part of that chapter;) but they were not forbidden to kindle fires for works of necessity or mercy, any more than Christians are."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Were they not ordered to abide every man in his place, and not to go out of his place on the seventh day? Ex. 16:29.", "answer": "The prohibition only respects their going abroad about the unnecessary and servile work of gathering manna upon the Sabbath; otherwise, they were allowed to go out about works of necessity and mercy: and it appears from Acts 1:12, that they were allowed to travel a Sabbath-day's journey."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What was a Sabbath-day's journey?", "answer": "Whatever was the tradition of the Pharisees about it, it appears to have been the distance of their respective dwellings, from the place where they ordinarily attended public ordinances, 2 Kings 4:23."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Are we not to rest on the Lord's day from lawful recreations, as well as from lawful worldly employments?", "answer": "Yes; because we are expressly required, on this holy day, to abstain from doing our own ways, finding our own pleasure, and speaking our own words, Isaiah 58:13."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What are these recreations that are lawful on other days?", "answer": "Innocent pastimes, visiting friends, walking in the fields talking of the news or common affairs, and the like."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Why are these recreations unlawful on the Lord's day?", "answer": "Because they tend to divert the mind from the duties of the Sabbath, as much as, if not more than, worldly employments."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Is not the Sabbath a festival, or feast day; and consequently may not our conversation on it be cheerful and diverting?", "answer": "It is, indeed, properly a feast day, but of a spiritual, not of a carnal nature: we may refresh our bodies moderately, but not sumptuously; and our conversation ought to turn wholly upon spiritual and heavenly subjects, or such as have that tendency, after the example of our Lord, Luke 14:1-25."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What should be the principal end of our six days' labour?", "answer": "That it be so managed as in no way to discompose or unfit us for a holy resting on the Sabbath, or meeting with God on his own day."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is a holy resting?", "answer": "Not only an abstaining from our own work, or labour, but an entering by faith (in the use of appointed means,) into the presence and enjoyment of God in Christ, as the only rest of our souls, Heb. 4:3; that having no work of our own to mind or do, we may be wholly taken up with the works of God."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Why called a holy resting?", "answer": "Because we should rest from worldly labour, in order to be employed in the holy exercises, which the Lord requires on this day; otherwise, as to bare cessation, our cattle rest from outward labour as well as we."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What are the holy EXERCISES in which we ought to be employed on the Lord's day?", "answer": "In the public and private exercises of God's worship."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What are the public exercises of God's worship in which we should be employed?", "answer": "Hearing the word preached, Rom. 10:17; joining in public prayers and praises, Luke 24:53; and partaking of the sacraments, Acts 20:7."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What is included under the private exercises of God's worship?", "answer": "Family and secret duties."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What are the duties incumbent on us in a family capacity on the Lord's day?", "answer": "Family worship, and family catechising, together with Christian conference, as there is occasion, Lev. 23:3. It is the Sabbath of the Lord in all your DWELLINGS, or private families; and therefore God is to he worshipped in them on that day."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What is family worship?", "answer": "It is the daily joining of all that are united in a domestic relation, or who are dwelling together in the same house and family, in singing God's praises, Acts 2:47 reading his word, Deut. 6:7, and praying to him, Jer. 10:25."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "How do you prove family worship to be a duty daily incumbent upon those who have families?", "answer": "From scripture precept, and from scripture example."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How is family worship evinced from scripture precept?", "answer": "Besides that this commandment enjoins every master of a family to sanctify the Sabbath within his gates, that is, to worship God in his family; there are also other scriptures, inculcating the same thing, by necessary consequence; such as, Eph. 6:18 - \"Praying always, with ALL prayer and supplication;\" 1 Tim. 2:8 - \"I will therefore that men pray EVERY WHERE. \"If with all prayer, then surely with family prayer; if EVERY WHERE, then certainly in our families."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What are the examples of family worship recorded in scripture for our imitation?", "answer": "Among others, there are the examples of Abraham, Gen. 18:19; of Joshua, chap. 24:15 - \"As for me and my house, we will serve the Lord;\" of David, 2 Sam. 6:20; or Cornelius, Acts 10:2; and especially the example of our blessed Lord, whom we find singing psalms, Matt. 26:30, and praying with his disciples, who were his family, Luke 9:18."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What should be the subject matter of family catechising?", "answer": "What they have been hearing through the day, together with the principles of our religion, as laid out in the Shorter Catechism, with the helps that are published upon the same, which masters of families ought to use for their assistance in this work."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "What are the proper seasons of Christian conference on the Sabbath?", "answer": "At meals, and in the interval of duties: our speech should he always, but especially on the Lord's day, \"seasoned with salt,\" Col. 4:6."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What are the secret duties in which we ought to he exercised on the Lord's day?", "answer": "Secret prayer, reading the scriptures, and other soul-edifying books, meditation upon divine subjects, and self-examination."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "With what frame and disposition of soul should we engage in the public and private exercises of God's worship?", "answer": "With a spiritual frame and disposition, Rev. 1:10 - \"I was IN THE SPIRIT on the Lord's day.\""}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "What is it to be in the Spirit on the Lord's day?", "answer": "It is not only to have the actual inhabitation of the Spirit, which is the privilege of believers \"every day,\" Ezek. 36:27; but to have the influences and operations of the Spirit \"more liberally let out,\" Luke 4:31, 32, and his graces in \"more lively exercise,\" than at other times, Acts 2:41."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "What moral argument have we from the ceremonial law, for offering a greater plenty of spiritual sacrifices to God on the Sabbath, than upon other days?", "answer": "The daily sacrifice, or continual burnt offering, was to be doubled on the Sabbath, Num. 28:9; intimating, that they were bound to double their devotions on that day, which was consecrated to God to be spent in his service."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "How much of the Sabbath is to be spent in the public and private exercises of God's worship?", "answer": "The WHOLE of it, from the ordinary time of rising on other days, to the ordinary time of going to rest; \"except so much as is to be taken up in the works of necessity and mercy.\""}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "What is to be understood by works of necessity?", "answer": "Such as could not be foreseen, nor provided against the day before, nor delayed till the day after the Sabbath."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "What instances may be given of such works of necessity on the Lord's day?", "answer": "Flying from, and defending ourselves against an enemy; quenching of fire, accidentally or wilfully kindled; standing by the helm, or working a ship at sea, (provided they do not weigh anchor, nor hoist sail from harbours or firths, on the Lord's day,) and the like."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "What are the works of mercy which may be done on the Sabbath?", "answer": "The moderate refreshment of our bodies, Luke 6:1; visiting the sick, preparing and administering remedies to them, Luke 13:16; feeding our cattle, ver. 15; and preserving their lives, if in danger, chap, 14:5; and making collections for the poor, 1 Cor. 16:2."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "What cautions are requisite about works of necessity and mercy?", "answer": "That these works be real, and not pretended; that we spend as little time about them as possible; and that we endeavour to attain a holy frame of spirit while about them."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "How does it appear that works of necessity and mercy are lawful on the Lord's day?", "answer": "Because, though God rested from his work of creation on the seventh day, yet he did not rest on it from preserving what he had made."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "\"Why is the charge of keeping the Sabbath more especially directed to governors of families, and other superiors?\"", "answer": "\"Because they are bound not only to keep it themselves, but to see that it be observed by all those that are under their charge: and because they are prone oftentimes to hinder them by employments of their own.\"76"}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "Ought not magistrates to punish those who are guilty of the open and presumptuous breach of the Sabbath?", "answer": "Undoubtedly they should; and they have the example of Nehemiah for a precedent, worthy of their imitation in this matter, chap. 13:21."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "What is the most effectual way for the civil magistrate to suppress Sabbath profanation?", "answer": "To be impartial in the execution of the laws against Sabbath breaking, especially upon those who are of a more eminent rank and station, because they ought to be exemplary to others, Neh. 13:17 - \"Then I contended with the NOBLES of Judah; and said unto them, What evil thing is this that ye do, and profane the Sabbath day?\""}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "\"Why is the word REMEMBER set in the beginning of the Fourth Commandment?\"", "answer": "\"Partly, because we are very ready to forget it; and partly, because in keeping it, we are helped better to keep all the rest of the commandments.\"77"}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "61", "sort_key": 61, "question": "What is forbidden in the Fourth Commandment?", "answer": "The Fourth Commandment forbiddeth the omission, or careless performance, of the duties required, and the profaning the day by idleness, or doing that which is in itself sinful, or by unnecessary thoughts, words, or works, about our worldly employments and recreations.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How are the sins ranked that are forbidden in this commandment?", "answer": "The: are ranked into sins of omission, and sins of commission.78"}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What are the sins of omission here forbidden?", "answer": "Both the total neglect of the duties required, and the neglect of the careful performance of these, when essayed."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Of what is the total neglect of the duties required on the Sabbath an evidence?", "answer": "It is a plain evidence of the neglect of all religious duties through the week; and, consequently, an evidence of atheism, profaneness, and apostasy."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "When are persons guilty of the careless performance of the duties required on the Sabbath?", "answer": "When they go about them in a partial, formal and lifeless way, Matt. 15:8."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is it to go about duties in a partial way?", "answer": "It is to perform some of them, and omit others equally necessary; such as, attending the public, and neglecting the private exercises of God's Worship; or the contrary."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is formality in duty?", "answer": "It is the bare outward performance of it, without regarding the manner in which it ought to be done, or the vital principle from whence it should flow, 2 Tim. 3:5."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What are the ordinary causes of the dead and lifeless performance of religious duties?", "answer": "Wandering thoughts, weariness, and drowsiness, are among none of the least."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the best antidote against wandering thoughts?", "answer": "Faith in exercise: for this will fix the attention to what we are presently engaged in, whether hearing, praying, or praising, Psalm 57:7."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Whence arises weariness in duty?", "answer": "From the natural bias of the heart and affections to worldly things, rather than religious exercises, Amos 8:5 - \"When will the new moon be gone, that we may sell corn? and the Sabbath, that we may set forth wheat?\""}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the evil of drowsiness, particularly in hearing the word, or joining in prayer and praise?", "answer": "If it be voluntary and customary, it is a manifest contempt of the word and presence of the great God, and paying less regard to him, than we even do to our fellow creatures."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What are the sins of COMMISSION forbidden in this commandment?", "answer": "The profaning the day by idleness or doing that which is in itself sinful, or by unnecessary thoughts, words, or works, about our worldly employments and recreations."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the idleness here prohibited.", "answer": "It is a loitering away the Sabbath, in a slothful, indolent, and inactive manner, without any real benefit or advantage, either to soul or body, Matt. 20:3."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Why is there a prohibition of doing that which is in itself sinful on the Lord's day, when it is unlawful on every other day?", "answer": "Because whatever the sinful action be, there is a greater aggravation of guilt in committing it on the Sabbath, which ought to be kept holy to God, than upon any other day, Jer. 17:27."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What are these thoughts, words, or works, that are here called unnecessary?", "answer": "They are such as are about our worldly employments and recreations; or, they are all such thoughts, words, or works, as are not inevitably used about the works of necessity and mercy, which are lawful on this day."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Why is the day said to be profaned by the sins here forbidden?", "answer": "Because these sins are each of them the reverse of that holiness, which should shine in all our duties, public and private, on the Lord's day, Isaiah 58:13, 14."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "62", "sort_key": 62, "question": "What are the reasons annexed to the Fourth Commandment?", "answer": "The reasons annexed to the Fourth Commandment are God's allowing us six days of the week for our own employments, his challenging a special propriety in the seventh, his own example, and his blessing the Sabbath day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How many reasons are there annexed to this commandment?", "answer": "FOUR; which are more than to any of the rest."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Why are more reasons annexed to this command than to any of the rest?", "answer": "Because of the proneness of men to break it; and likewise that the violation of it may be rendered the more inexcusable."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Which is the first reason?", "answer": "It is God's allowing us six days of the week for our own employments; in these words, Six days shalt thou labour and do all thy work."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "In what lies the strength of this reason?", "answer": "It lies in this, that it would be most highly unreasonable and ungrateful to grudge a seventh part of our time in the more immediate service and worship of God; when he has been so liberal as to allow us six parts of it for our own secular and worldly affairs."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What similar instance of ingratitude may be given for the illustration of this?", "answer": "The sin of our first parents in refusing to abstain from one tree, when they were allowed the free use of all the rest of the garden, Gen. 3:2, 3, 6."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Is working six days in our own employments a precept properly belonging to this commandment?", "answer": "No; it is properly a branch of the Eighth Commandment, but it is brought in here incidentally, to enforce the sacred observance of a seventh day, when God has been so bountiful as to allow us six for our own occasions."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Which is the second reason annexed to this commandment?", "answer": "It is his challenging a special propriety in the seventh; in these words, \"but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God.\""}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the force of this reason?", "answer": "The force of it is this: - As that gracious God, who makes a grant of himself to us in the covenant of promise, claims this day as his own, so it is our greatest privilege or happiness to have access to, and communion with him on it, Isaiah 58:14."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "In what lies the privilege or happiness of communion with God on his own day?", "answer": "In having a foretaste in grace here of what shall be more fully enjoyed in glory hereafter, 1 Cor. 13:12."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Which is the third reason?", "answer": "It is his own example; in these words, \"For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day.\""}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Could not God have made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, in less time than the space of six days?", "answer": "No doubt, he could have made all things, in the same beauty and perfection, in which ever they appeared, in an instant of time, if he had pleased."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Why then did he take six days?", "answer": "To fix the morality of six days for worldly labour, and of a seventh for holy rest; and both these by his own example."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "But does not the example of God's resting the seventh day, oblige us still to observe the seventh day, in order from the creation, as a Sabbath?", "answer": "No; because, though moral examples bind always to the kind of action, yet not always to every particular circumstance of it."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the kind of action to which God's example binds us?", "answer": "It is to observe one day in seven as a holy rest, either the last or first, as he shall appoint."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How can God's example of resting on the seventh day be an argument for our resting on the first?", "answer": "Though the observance of a particular day in seven be MUTABLE yet the duty of observing a seventh part of weekly time is MORAL, both by God's precept and example."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Which is the fourth reason annexed to this commandment?", "answer": "It is his blessing the Sabbath day; in these words: \"Wherefore, the Lord blessed the Sabbath day, and hallowed it.\""}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "In what sense may the Sabbath be said to be blessed?", "answer": "Not only by God's consecrating the day itself to a holy use; but by his blessing it to the true observers of it, and by his blessing them in it."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "How does God bless the Sabbath to the true observers of it?", "answer": "By ordering it so in his providence, that the religious observance of the Sabbath shall be no detriment to, but rather a furtherance of their lawful employments through the week; even as the profanation of it draws a train of all miseries and woes after it, Neh. 13:18."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "How does he bless them in it, or upon it?", "answer": "By making it the happy season of a more plenteous communication of all spiritual blessings to them, Isaiah 58:14."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What does the illative79 particle WHEREFORE teach us?", "answer": "That God's resting on the Sabbath was the great reason of his setting it apart to be a day of holy rest to us, that we might contemplate the works of God, both of creation and redemption, upon it."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "63", "sort_key": 63, "question": "Which is the Fifth Commandment?", "answer": "The Fifth Commandment is, Honour thy father and thy mother; that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "64", "sort_key": 64, "question": "What is required in the Fifth Commandment?", "answer": "The Fifth Commandment requireth the preserving the honour, and performing the duties, belonging to every one in their several places and relations, as superiors, inferiors, or equals.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "\"Who are meant by father and mother in the Fifth Commandment?\"", "answer": "\"Not only natural parents, but all superiors in age and gifts; and especially such as, by God's ordinance, are over us in place of authority, whether in family, church, or commonwealth.\"80"}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "\"Why are superiors styled father and mother?\"", "answer": "\"To teach them in all duties towards their inferiors, like natural parents, to express love and tenderness to them according to their several relations; and to work inferiors to a greater willingness and cheerfulness, in performing their duties to their superiors, as to their parents.\"81"}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "\"What is the general scope of the Fifth Commandment?\"", "answer": "It \"is the performance of those duties we mutually owe in our several relations.\"82"}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What are the RELATIONS in which we stand to each other?", "answer": "All mankind stand related to each other, either as superiors, inferiors, or equals."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Who are our superiors?", "answer": "All that are above us in office, place, or dignity."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Who are meant by inferiors?", "answer": "Such as are subject to others, or below them in station or gifts."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Whom do you understand by equals?", "answer": "Such as are of like age and condition in the world."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the general duty required in this commandment?", "answer": "It is HONOUR: Honour thy father and thy mother."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is meant by the honour here required?", "answer": "All inward regard and esteem, manifested by outward tokens of respect, Rom. 12:10, reverence, chap. 13:7, and obedience, Heb. 13:17."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the rule and measure of that obedience and submission, which is due from inferiors to their superiors?", "answer": "The law of God; for, when any thing is enjoined contrary to it, the fixed rule is, \"to obey God rather than men,\" Acts 4:19, and 5:29."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is it that procures honour from one person to another?", "answer": "It is something of eminence, excellency, or worth, that is discernible in them, Acts 10:25."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Are there not different degrees of external honour due to some beyond others?", "answer": "Yes; according to the different office and stations in which God places them in the world, 1 Tim. 5:1, 2."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is that degree of honour which the meanest and lowest part of mankind are entitled to from the greatest and highest?", "answer": "It is to be esteemed and regarded by them, in proportion as they are necessary and useful, Eph. 6:9."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Why are we commanded to honour all men? 1 Pet. 2:17.", "answer": "Because there are few or none, in whom we may not observe some gift or other in which they are superior to us, if we were to judge ourselves humbly and impartially, Phil. 2:3."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Are men to be honoured according to their riches.", "answer": "No; but according as they employ their riches, in some measure, for the good of others, either in the church or commonwealth, 1 Tim. 6:17, 18."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What are the several relations in which duties are mutually to be performed, according to this commandment?", "answer": "They are such as subsist between parents and children; magistrates and subjects; ministers and people; husbands and wives; masters and servants; and likewise between those who have a greater or less degree of gifts and graces."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Who are they that have the first and natural right to honour and respect", "answer": "NATURAL PARENTS; fathers and mothers."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Is equal honour and regard due from children to their mother as to their father?", "answer": "Yes, surely; and therefore, to prevent any difference, in respect of esteem, reverence, and obedience, she is named before the father, in Lev. 19:3 - \"Ye shall fear every man his mother and his father.\""}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What are the duties of parents to their children?", "answer": "To train them up for God, Proverbs 22:6, in the knowledge and profession of the true religion, Deut. 6:7; to teach them by example as well as precept Psalm 101:2, 3; to be careful in applying suitable and seasonable correction to their faults, Proverbs 13:24, and 19:18, and 23:13, 14; to provide for them according to their ability, 2 Cor. 12:14; and to be earnest in prayer to God for a blessing upon them, Gen. 48:15, 16."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What are the duties of children to their parents?", "answer": "To love them dearly, Gen. 46:29; to esteem and think highly of them in their minds, Lev. 19:3; Mal. 1:6; to hearken to their counsels; Proverbs 4:1, and obey their lawful commands, Eph. 6:1; to submit patiently to their corrections, Heb. 12:9; and to succour and relieve them in case of poverty and want, Gen. 47:12, especially in old age, Ruth 4:15."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "May children dispose of themselves in marriage without the knowledge or consent of their parents?", "answer": "No; as appears from the charge given by Abraham, concerning his son Isaac, Gen. 24:3, 4, and that of Isaac to Jacob, chap. 28:1, 2; but if children should dispose of themselves without the knowledge and consent of their parents, they act contrary to the honour, deference, and gratitude they owe to them, as Esau did, Gen. 26:34, 35."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What are the duties of magistrates towards their subjects?", "answer": "To establish good laws, 2 Kings 18:4, and see them impartially executed, Rom. 13:3, 4; to protect their subjects in their religion, lives, and liberties, 1 Pet. 2:14; and to be nursing fathers to the church, Isaiah 49:23."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What is the duty of the magistrate with reference to the church of Christ?", "answer": "Although he \"may not assume to himself the administration of word and sacraments, or the power of the keys of the kingdom of heaven, yet he hath authority, and it is his duty to take order, that unity and peace be preserved in the church, - that the truth of God be kept pure and entire, - that all blasphemies and heresies be suppressed, - all corruptions and abuses in worship and discipline prevented and reformed, - and all the ordinances of God duly settled, administered, and observed.\"83"}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What are the duties of subjects towards their magistrates?", "answer": "To honour and reverence them, 2 Sam. 9:6; to obey their just laws, Eccl. 8:2; to pay them the tribute that is due to them, Rom. 13:7; to pray for them, 1 Tim. 2:1, 2; and to support and defend their persons and authority, 1 Sam. 26:15, 16; Esth. 6:2."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Are subjects bound to be obsequious to the lawful commands of magistrates, who are of a different religion from them?", "answer": "\"Infidelity, or difference in religion, doth not make void the magistrate's just and legal authority, nor free the people from their due obedience to him.\"84"}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What are the duties of ministers to their people?", "answer": "Diligently to study, 1 Tim. 4:15; and faithfully to preach the gospel, 2 Tim. 4:2; not shunning to declare to them all the counsel of God, Acts 20:27; to evidence their own belief of their doctrine, by a holy and exemplary walk, 1 Tim. 4:12; to watch for their souls as they that must give account, Heb. 13:17; and to pray much for them, Rom. 1:9. All which duties require their ordinary residence among them, 1 Pet. 5:2."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What are the duties of people to their ministers?", "answer": "To \"esteem them very highly in love for their work's sake,\" 1 Thess. 5:13; to \"strive together\" in their prayers to God for them, Rom. 15:30, that they may be enabled to \"give them their portion of meat in due season,\" Luke 12:42; to attend diligently upon the ordinances dispensed by them, Heb. 10:25; to defend their character and doctrine against unjust calumnies and reproaches, 1 Tim. 5:19; and to make a competent and comfortable provision for them, Gal. 6:6."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What are the duties mutually incumbent upon husband and wife.", "answer": "The most tender and affectionate love, on both sides, Eph. 5:28-33; the strictest fidelity to the marriage-bed and covenant, Matt. 5:28; and the promoting the temporal and spiritual welfare of each other, 1 Tim. 5:8; 1 Pet. 3:7."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What are the duties of masters to their servants?", "answer": "To be meek and gentle towards them, forbearing threatening, Eph. 6:9; to instruct them in the principles of religion, Gen. 18:19; to see to their external observance of the Sabbath, Ex. 20:10; and to pay them punctually their wages, Deut. 24:15."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "What are the duties of servants to their masters?", "answer": "To be diligent and faithful in their master's work, \"not with eye-service, as men-pleasers, but - with good will doing service as to the Lord and not to men,\" Eph. 6:6, 7; to \"obey in all things their masters according to the flesh,\" Col. 3:22; and to \"please them well in all things, not answering again,\" Titus 2:9."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "Are masters and servants on earth, subject to one common Lord and Master in heaven?", "answer": "Yes; and therefore they ought to behave towards one another, as in his sight; for there is \"no respect of persons with him,\" Eph. 6:9."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What are the duties of those who have a larger measure of gifts and graces conferred upon them, towards such as have a less share of the same?", "answer": "To be exemplary in humility and self-denial, Gen. 32:10, as having nothing but what they have received, 1 Cor. 4:7; to be communicative of what the Lord has freely given them, Matt. 10:8; and improve their talents for the benefit of themselves and others, chap. 25:16."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "What are the duties of such as are weaker in gifts and graces, towards those who are stronger?", "answer": "To be followers of them in so far as they are of Christ, 1 Cor. 11:1; to be willing to learn from their experiences, Heb. 6:12; and to \"covet earnestly the best gifts,\" 1 Cor. 12:31."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "What is the duty of the younger towards the aged?", "answer": "To honour and respect them, especially if the hoary head be found in the way of righteousness, Proverbs 16:31; \"Thou shalt rise up before the hoary head, and honour the face of the old man,\" Lev. 19:32."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What are the duties of equals to one another?", "answer": "To provoke each other \"unto love and good works,\" Heb. 10:24; to \"be kindly affectioned one to another, in honour preferring one another,\" Rom. 12:10."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "What is the fruit and consequence of the conscientious performance of these relative duties?", "answer": "Hereby outward peace and concord will be better maintained between man and man, 1 Pet. 3:10, 11; and likewise the members of Christ's body will be knit more closely to one another in love, 1 John 4:7."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "65", "sort_key": 65, "question": "What is forbidden in the Fifth Commandment?", "answer": "The Fifth Commandment forbiddeth the neglecting of, or doing any thing against, the honour and duty, which belong to every one in their several places and relations.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is it to neglect the honour and duty which belong to every one in their several places and relations?", "answer": "It is not only to omit the performance of such relative duties altogether, but even when they are performed, to do them without any regard to the command and authority of God enjoining them, Isaiah 29:13."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is it to do any thing against the honour and duty which belong to every one?", "answer": "It is to commit those sins which are the very opposite of the relative duties incumbent on us, Rom. 2:22."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "\"What are the sins of inferiors against their superiors?\"", "answer": "\"Envying at, contempt of, and rebellion against their persons and places, in their lawful counsels, commands, and corrections.\"85"}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "\"What are the sins of superiors?\"", "answer": "\"- Commanding things unlawful, or not in the power of inferiors to perform; counselling, encouraging, or favouring them in that which is evil;\" and \"dissuading, discouraging, or discountenancing them in that which is good - \"86"}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "\"What are the sins of equals?\"", "answer": "\"- Envying the gifts, grieving at the advancement of prosperity one of another, and usurping the pre-eminence one over another.\"87"}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What punishment did the law of Moses inflict upon children, for smiting or cursing their parents?", "answer": "DEATH, Ex. 21:15 - \"He that smiteth his father, or his mother, shall surely be put to DEATH.\" And verse 17 - \"He that curseth his father, or his mother, shall surely be put to DEATH.\""}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Why was so severe a punishment inflicted for these crimes?", "answer": "Because either beating or cursing of parents is a sin directly opposite to the light and law of nature, and a pregnant evidence, not only of the worst kind of ingratitude, but of incurable disobedience; and therefore the equity of this punishment seems to be approved by our Lord under the New Testament, Matt. 15:4."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "66", "sort_key": 66, "question": "What is the reason annexed to the Fifth Commandment?", "answer": "The reason annexed to the Fifth Commandment is a promise of long life and prosperity (as far as it shall serve for God's glory, and their own good) to all such as keep this commandment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Does the promise annexed to this commandment, respect temporal or spiritual good?", "answer": "It respects temporal good, to show that \"godliness is profitable unto all things, having the promise of the life that now is, as well as of that which is to come,\" 1 Tim. 4:8."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the temporal good here promised?", "answer": "It is long life; in these words, \"That thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.\""}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Is it long life merely that is promised, without anything else?", "answer": "No; it is long life and prosperity, or the blessings and comforts of life; without which, long life would be a grievous burden, Rev. 9:6."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Has not this promise a particular reference to obedient children among the Jews, their living long in the land of Judea, which God gave to them?", "answer": "Any reference it had to them, is not exclusive of a reference or relation to children that shall honour their parents, in any other part of the earth, to the end of the world; for so the apostle explains it, Eph. 6:2, 3 - \"Honour thy father and thy mother - that it may be well with thee, and that thou mayest live long on the earth.\""}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What is the difference between the promise of long life in this commandment, and the promise of mercy in the second?", "answer": "The promise of showing mercy in the Second Commandment extends to all such as love God, and keep his commandments in general; but the promise of long life here, extends only to the keepers of this commandment in particular."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Has this promise always a literal accomplishment; or, do godly and obedient children always live long on earth?", "answer": "If any of them are removed by death, in their younger years, it is either to take them \"away from the evil to come,\" Isaiah 57:1; or to transplant them so much sooner \"to a better country, that is, a heavenly,\" Heb. 11:16."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What are the things which tend to make a long life a happy and comfortable one?", "answer": "They are these three, among others; growth in grace and holiness, in proportion to our advancing in years, Psalm 92:13, 14; retaining the entire exercise of reason, and some vigour of body, in old age, Deut. 34:7; and continuing useful to others, in our generation, to the end, Josh. 24:25, compared with ver. 29."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Why is the Fifth Commandment called the First Commandment with promise? Eph. 6:2.", "answer": "Because it is the First Commandment of the second table, and the only commandment in it, that has an express promise annexed to it."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Why is there a special and express promise annexed to this commandment, when it is so strongly enforced by the light of nature?", "answer": "To show the great regard that God has to the lawful authority of parents, Deut. 21:18-22; and to engage children to behave dutifully and obsequiously towards them, Proverbs 4:10."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Is the promise of long life, in this commandment, absolute or limited?", "answer": "It is limited, and that in the most comfortable manner."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the comfortable limitation?", "answer": "Long life, with prosperity, is promised as far as it shall serve for God's glory and their own good."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Could any wish for long life and prosperity upon other terms?", "answer": "No child of God will desire any temporal blessing, but as it is for God's glory and their good, Proverbs 30:8."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What advantage have the godly, with respect to temporal blessings, above the wicked?", "answer": "They are warranted by promise, which the wicked are not, to expect as many temporal good things, as are needful and necessary for them, Psalm 34:10; Isaiah 33:16; and God's blessing upon what they enjoy, however small their portion of temporal comforts may be, Psalm 37:16 - \"A little that a righteous man hath, is better than the riches of many wicked.\""}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "67", "sort_key": 67, "question": "Which is the Sixth Commandment?", "answer": "The Sixth Commandment is, Thou shalt not kill.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "68", "sort_key": 68, "question": "What is required in the Sixth Commandment?", "answer": "The Sixth Commandment requireth all lawful endeavours to preserve our own life, and the life of others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What does this commandment chiefly respect?", "answer": "The LIFE of man, which is the nearest and most valuable of all his temporal concerns, Job 2:4 - \"Skin for skin; yea, all that a man hath will he give for his life.\""}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What makes the life of man valuable?", "answer": "His being \"made in the image of God,\" Gen. 9:6."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What does this commandment require with reference to man's life?", "answer": "All lawful endeavours to preserve it in ourselves and others."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What lawful endeavours should we use for the preservation of our own life?", "answer": "The \"just defence thereof against violence: - a sober use of meat, drink, physic, sleep, labour, and recreation.\"88"}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "By what means should we endeavour to preserve the life of others?", "answer": "\"By resisting all thoughts and purposes, subduing all passions and avoiding all occasions, temptations, and practices, which tend to the unjust taking away the life of any.\"89"}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Why are we restricted by the answer to lawful endeavours?", "answer": "To caution and guard us against the unlawful means which some have used, for the preservation of their lives."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What are the unlawful means which some have used for this end?", "answer": "Denying the truth, 1 Tim. 1:19, 20, and lying, Gen. 12:12, 13."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What will be the consequence of denying the truth, for preserving of natural life?", "answer": "The losing of a better life than that which we thus intend to preserve, Matt. 16:25, 26."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "May not a lie be told at a time, for preserving life, especially if its preservation be for the public good?", "answer": "At no time, and on no occasion whatever, are we to \"do evil that good may come,\" Rom, 3:8."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Are we restricted, by this commandment, to the preservation of bodily life only?", "answer": "No; we are also required to consult the welfare of our own souls, and the souls of others."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is required of us for the welfare of our own souls?", "answer": "A careful avoiding of all sin, Proverbs 11:19; and a diligent use of all the means of grace, 1 Pet. 2:2."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is required of us for promoting the welfare of the souls of others?", "answer": "That we be communicative of our knowledge and experiences to them as occasion offers, Psalm 66:16; that we pray for them, James 5:16; and that we set an example of holy walking before them, Matt. 5:16."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What are those Christian virtues or graces which this commandment requires, in order to the preservation of life?", "answer": "It requires for this end, \"love, compassion, meekness, gentleness, kindness - and comforting, and succouring the distressed.\"90"}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Why should we bear a love to mankind in general?", "answer": "Because they are partakers of the same nature, and possessed of the same rational faculties with us, Acts 17:26, 28."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How does love contribute to the preservation of life?", "answer": "It covers all those infirmities, and buries all those quarrels which tend to raise strife and variance among men, Proverbs 10:12."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What influence has compassion, upon the duty here required?", "answer": "It affects us so deeply with the calamities and miseries of our fellow creatures, that it inclines us to relieve them according to our ability, Luke 10:33, 34."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How does meekness tend to preserve life?", "answer": "As it governs our passions, Proverbs 14:29, and prevents our being easily disturbed at the unkind and unmannerly treatment of others, Col. 3:13."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "How does gentleness contribute to the duty here mentioned?", "answer": "As it excites to an affable and courteous behaviour towards all with whom we are conversant, 1 Pet. 3:8, and disposes us to put the most favourable construction upon any of their actions that may appear doubtful, 1 Cor. 13:5."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What influence has kindness upon preserving life?", "answer": "As it excites us to the performance of all good offices in our power, both to the souls and bodies of men, Rom. 13:10, 12."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What should engage us to comfort and succour the distressed?", "answer": "A desire to honour the Lord with our substance, Proverbs 3:9; and to lend to him, who will surely pay us again, chap. 19:17."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "69", "sort_key": 69, "question": "What is forbidden in the Sixth Commandment?", "answer": "The Sixth Commandment forbiddeth the taking away of our own life or the life of our neighbour unjustly, and whatsoever tendeth thereunto.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Does this precept, Thou shalt not kill, prohibit the killing of beasts?", "answer": "No; God made a grant of them to man for food, and other uses, Gen. 9:3, and 3:21; nevertheless, the exercising cruelty upon beasts (as Balaam did, Num. 22:29,) is very unbecoming all sober men; for \"a righteous man regardeth the life of his beast,\" Proverbs 12:10."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Were not the Jews prohibited to seethe a kid in his mother's milk, Deut. 14:21, and to kill the dam when they took the young? chap. 22:6, 7.", "answer": "As the doing either of these was an evidence of the savage disposition and temper of some men; so the reason of the prohibition, was to curb and restrain all cruelty to the brute creatures, in order to prevent any inlet to the horrid sin of murder, or the barbarous usage of one another."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What are the general sins here forbidden?", "answer": "The taking away of our own life, or the life of our neighbour unjustly, or whatever has a tendency to either of the two."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Is it lawful, in any case, to take away our own life?", "answer": "No; it is absolutely unlawful, in any case whatever, to desert our station, or leave the word, without the permission and allowance of the sovereign Lord of our life, Job 14:14."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Is there any instance in scripture of a good man being suffered to lay violent hands on himself?", "answer": "No; any instances the scripture gives of self-murder, are in men of the most infamous character; such as Saul, Ahithophel, Judas, and others of the like stamp."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Was not Samson (who was a good man, Heb. 11:32,) guilty of this heinous crime? Judges 16:30", "answer": "When Samson pulled down the house upon himself and upon all the lords of the Philistines with about three thousand men and women that were in it, he did not intend his own death any farther than as an inevitable consequence of destroying so many of the church's enemies, to which he was called and strengthened in an extraordinary manner by God, as the Lord of life and death, who he also supplicated for this extraordinary strength, Judges 16:28; and herein he was an eminent type of Christ, who, \"through death, destroyed him that had the power of death, that is, the devil,\" Heb. 2:14."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What are the aggravations of the crime of self-murder?", "answer": "It is directly opposed to the natural principle of self-preservation implanted in us, Job 2:4; it argues the highest impatience, and rooted discontent with our lot in the present world, ver. 10; it is an impious invasion of the prerogative of God, as the sole author and disposer of life, 1 Sam. 2:6; and a most daring and presumptuous rushing upon death, and an awful eternity, chap. 31:4, 5."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is meant in the answer, by taking away the life of our neighbour unjustly?", "answer": "The taking it away in any event, \"except in case of public justice, lawful war, or necessary defence.\"91"}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is it to take away life in case of public justice?", "answer": "It is to inflict capital punishment upon notorious criminals, by a lawful magistrate, who is ordained of God for that purpose, Rom. 13:2, 4."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What warrant has the civil magistrate to take away the life of a wilful murderer?", "answer": "The express command of God, Gen. 9:6 - \"Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed.\""}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Is it lawful for a magistrate to spare, pardon, or reprieve a convicted murderer?", "answer": "It is expressly forbidden as a land-defiling sin, Num. 35:31, 33 - \"Ye shall take no satisfaction for the life of a murderer, which is guilty of death; but he shall surely be put to death. For blood defileth the land, and the land cannot be cleansed of the blood that is shed therein, but by the blood of him that shed it.\""}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What other crimes are punishable with death by the laws of God and man?", "answer": "Among several others there are those following: Deliberate blasphemy, Lev. 24:16; notorious adultery, Lev. 20:10; incest, ver. 11, 12; sodomy, ver 13; bestiality, ver. 15; and witchcraft."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Is it warrantable in a Christian magistrate to repeal or disable penal laws against witchcraft?", "answer": "By no means; for God has expressly said, \"Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live,\" Exod. 22:18."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Is it lawful to wage war under the New Testament?", "answer": "Yes; as appears from John the Baptist's prescribing rules for a military life, Luke 3:14; and Christ's commending the faith of the centurion, and finding no fault with his office, Matt. 8:10."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What makes war lawful, and the shedding of blood in it warrantable?", "answer": "When it is undertaken in defence of civil or religious liberties, after all due means have been rejected, for obtaining redress of the unjust invasions made upon them, Judges 11:12-34."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "When is the killing of another to be sustained as done in necessary defence?", "answer": "When there is no way of flying from the aggressor, (which is rather to be chosen, if it can be done with safety,) but we must either lose our own life, or take away his, Ex. 22:2."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What if one kill another at unawares, or unwillingly?", "answer": "If it is not through any culpable neglect, or careless oversight it is not reputed murder, either by the law of God or man, and therefore cities of refuge were of old appointed for such, Josh. 20:9."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "How are men lavish and prodigal of their lives on points of honour?", "answer": "By duelling."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is a DUEL?", "answer": "It is a combat or fight between two private persons, upon a challenge given and accepted; in which each party aims at the life or maiming of the other."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "In what lies the sinfulness of such a practice?", "answer": "It flows from passion, pride, and insatiable revenge, as the springs of it; and is a bold invasion of God's right of vengeance, together with a desperate contempt of death, judgment, and eternity, Rom. 12:19."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Did not David fight a duel with Goliath?", "answer": "No; he fought by a peculiar divine impulse, under the sanction of lawful authority, for the public good, and not from any private or personal revenge, 1 Sam. 17:37-53."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Who was the first murderer of souls?", "answer": "The devil, who is therefore called a murderer from the beginning, John 8:44."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Who was the first murderer of the body?", "answer": "Cain, who slew his brother, Gen. 4:8."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Wherefore did he slay him?", "answer": "Because his own works were evil, and his brother's righteous, 1 John 3:12."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Why was he not put to death?", "answer": "Because God set a peculiar mark of his displeasure upon him, Gen. 4:15, (worse, in some sort, than natural death,) by protracting his miserable life, to be a fugitive, and a vagabond in the earth, and a visible monument of an intolerable load of guilt, and hopeless despair, ver. 11, 12."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What is the dismal effect of this sin upon murderers themselves, even though they escape capital punishment from men?", "answer": "God frequently gives them up to the terror of a guilty conscience, which is their continual tormentor, Gen. 4:13, 14."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How has God testified his displeasure against this sin?", "answer": "Ordinarily, by shortening the lives of murderers, Psalm 55:23 - \"Bloody and deceitful men shall not live out half their days.\" And sometimes by transmitting temporal judgments to their posterity; as Saul's murder of the Gibeonites was punished in the death of seven of his sons, 2 Sam. 21:6, 8, 9."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "How may murder be aggravated?", "answer": "If committed under pretence of religion, as Jezebel murdered Naboth, 1 Kings 21:9, 10; and as the Papists perpetrate their massacres; or, if done under the disguise and mask of friendship, as Joab killed Amasa, 2 Sam. 20:9, 10; or, which is unspeakably worse, as Judas betrayed our Lord, Matt. 26:48, 49."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "Does this command forbid only the taking away of our own life, and the life of our neighbour unjustly?", "answer": "It forbids also whatsoever tends thereto."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "What are those things which tend to the taking away of our own life?", "answer": "\"Neglecting or withdrawing the lawful and necessary means of preserving it: - all excessive passions, distracting cares, and immoderate use of meat, drink, labour, and recreation.\"92"}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "How may we be guilty before God, of taking away the life of our neighbour, though we do not actually imbrue our hands in his blood?", "answer": "We may be guilty this way in our hearts, with our tongues, and by our actions."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "How may we be guilty of murder in our hearts?", "answer": "By harbouring \"sinful anger, hatred, envy, and a desire of revenge.\"93"}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "May there be anger which is not sinful?", "answer": "Yes; when there is a detestation of the sin, and yet no dislike of the person; in which sense the apostle says, \"Be ye angry and sin not,\" Eph. 4:26."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "What is the hazard of sinful anger?", "answer": "\"Whosoever is angry with his brother, without a cause, shall be in danger of the judgment,\" Matt. 5:22."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What is it to be in danger of the judgment?", "answer": "It is to be in danger of eternal punishment in the other world, for the breach of this commandment, if rich and sovereign grace prevent it not, Proverbs 19:19."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "How does hatred tend to take away the life of our neighbour?", "answer": "It has such a tendency to it, that whosoever hateth his brother is accounted a murderer, 1 John 3:15."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "What tendency has envy to the taking away of life?", "answer": "As it is grieved at the good of another, or takes a secret pleasure in his death, Proverbs 27:4."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "How does desire of revenge tend to take away life?", "answer": "As it is accompanied with an inward habitual imprecation of some visible or remarkable judgment upon the person who is the object of it, quite contrary to the command of God, Rom. 12:19 - \"Avenge not yourselves: - for it is written, Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord.\""}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "How may we be guilty of what tends to take away the life of our neighbour with our tongues?", "answer": "By bitter and provoking words, Proverbs 12:18; or threatening, reviling and deriding speeches, Matt. 5:22."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "How may we be guilty, this way, by our actions?", "answer": "By oppression, Ezek. 18:18; quarrelling, Gal. 5:15; striking or wounding, Num. 35:21, and the like."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "What may we learn from this commandment?", "answer": "That however innocent we may be of the actual blood-shedding of others, yet we are still chargeable with the worst kind of murder, even that of our own souls, while we will not come to Christ, that we might have life, John 5:40, he being the only living and true way, chap. 14:6; and \"no other name under heaven given among men whereby we must be saved,\" Acts 4:12."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "70", "sort_key": 70, "question": "What is the Seventh Commandment?", "answer": "The Seventh Commandment is, Thou shalt not commit adultery.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "71", "sort_key": 71, "question": "What is required in the Seventh Commandment?", "answer": "The Seventh Commandment requireth the preservation of our own and our neighbour's chastity, in heart, speech, and behaviour.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is chastity?", "answer": "It is an abhorrence of all uncleanness, whether in the body, or in the mind and affections, Job 31:1."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What does this commandment require with reference to such chastity?", "answer": "The preservation of it, both in ourselves, and in our neighbours."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the best means for preserving our own and our neighbour's chastity?", "answer": "The cherishing in our minds and consciences a continual regard, reverence, and awe of the divine Majesty, and a fear of displeasing him, Proverbs 5:20, 21."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What influence will this have upon the preservation of chastity?", "answer": "It will make us boldly resist all assaults or attacks that may be made upon it; as in the instance of Joseph, when solicited by his master's wife to lie with her, he refused; and said - \"How can I do this great wickedness, and sin against God?\" Gen. 39:7-9."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Wherein are we to preserve our own and our neighbour's chastity?", "answer": "In heart, speech, and behaviour."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "How ought we in heart to preserve our own chastity?", "answer": "By resisting the very first emotions of lust in the soul, Proverbs 4:23; by repelling all wanton imaginations, Matt. 5:28; and by essaying both these in the way of praying to God that he would turn away our hearts and eyes from beholding vanity, Ps 119:37."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "How ought we to preserve our neighbour's chastity in our hearts?", "answer": "Not only by ardently desiring the preservation of it, but by loving one another with a pure heart fervently; 1 Pet. 1:22."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "How ought we to preserve our own and our neighbours chastity in our speech?.", "answer": "By \"letting no corrupt communication proceed out of our mouth, but that which is good, to the use of edifying that it may minister grace unto the hearers,\" Eph. 4:29."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "How should we do this in our behaviour?", "answer": "By such a uniform modesty in our conduct and deportment, as may evidence that every one of us possesses his vessel, (that is, his body,) in sanctification and honour, 1 Thess. 4:4."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Why should we be so careful to preserve our chastity?", "answer": "Because we should study to have our bodies to be the temples of the Holy Ghost, and therefore should keep them free from those pollutions which are so provoking to a holy God, 1 Cor. 6:19."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the ordinary mean of divine appointment for the preservation of chastity?", "answer": "Lawful wedlock or marriage, 1 Cor. 7:2 - \"Nevertheless, to avoid fornication, let every man have his own wife, and let every woman have her own husband.\""}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "When was marriage first instituted?", "answer": "Before the fall, in paradise, Gen. 2:24."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "For what end was it instituted?", "answer": "For the mutual help of husband and wife, Gen. 2:18; for the increase of mankind with a legitimate issue, and of the church with a holy seed, Mal. 2:15; and for preventing of uncleanness,\" 1 Cor. 7:2.94"}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is necessary to constitute marriage?", "answer": "The voluntary and mutual consent of both parties, Gen. 24:58, 67."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Who may be lawfully married?", "answer": "\"All sorts of people; who are able, with judgment, to give their consent,\" Heb. 13:4 - \"Marriage is honourable in all.\"95"}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What is the duty of Christians with reference to marriage?", "answer": "It is to marry \"only in the Lord,\" 1 Cor. 7:39."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What is the native import of marrying \"only in the Lord\"?", "answer": "It plainly imports, that \"such as profess the true reformed religion should not marry with infidels, Papists, or other idolaters: neither should such as are godly be unequally yoked, by marrying with such as are notoriously wicked in their life, or maintain damnable heresies.\"96"}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What is an incestuous marriage?", "answer": "It is that which is within the degrees of consanguinity, or affinity, forbidden in the word, Lev. 18:6-18."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is the meaning of the words consanguinity and affinity?", "answer": "CONSANGUINITY is a relation by blood, being between persons descended from the same family: AFFINITY is an alliance by marriage, between persons who were not blood relations before."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What is the general rule for preventing incestuous marriages?", "answer": "The man may not marry any of his wife's kindred nearer in blood than he may of his own: nor the woman of her husband's kindred nearer in blood than of her own.\"97"}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Is it proper to call marriage a HOLY state?", "answer": "No; because they who are without the visible church, such as Heathens, Turks, and Jews, may marry as well as the professed members of it; Heb. 13:4."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Was marriage instituted to signify the \"mystical union that is between Christ and his church,\" as the Book of Common Prayer affirms?", "answer": "No; because this borders too near upon making marriage a sacrament, as the Papists do; in as much as an outward visible sign, of divine institution, and a spiritual benefit signified by it, would make it partake of the nature of a sacrament."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Does not the apostle make it a significant sign, when he says, \"Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ loved the church?\" Eph. 5:25.", "answer": "He exhorts husbands to have such a love to their wives, as may bear a faint resemblance in some respects, to the love of Christ; but does not make the one a sign significant of the other."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Is not marriage called a great mystery? ver. 32.", "answer": "It is not marriage that is called a great mystery, but the union that is between Christ and the members of his mystical body; as will appear by reading the whole verse, \"This is a great mystery; but I speak concerning CHRIST and the CHURCH.\""}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "72", "sort_key": 72, "question": "What is forbidden in the Seventh Commandment?", "answer": "The Seventh Commandment forbiddeth all unchaste thoughts, words, and actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is forbidden in this commandment under the name of ADULTERY?", "answer": "All sorts of unchastity or uncleanness, of what kind, or in what manner soever committed, Eph. 5:3."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "In what respects may persons be guilty of unchastity or uncleanness?", "answer": "They may be guilty this way, in their thoughts, words, and actions."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "When are persons chargeable before God with unchaste thoughts?", "answer": "When lustful desires are entertained and gratified in the mind; and, as it were, acted in the imagination; Proverbs 6:18; Matt. 5:28."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What are the usual incentives to unchaste thoughts?", "answer": "\"Lascivious songs, books, pictures, dancings, stage-plays, and the like.\"98"}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What influence have stage-plays upon fomenting unchaste thoughts?", "answer": "They are generally stuffed with such amorous adventures, many of them of a most criminal nature, that they have a native tendency to debauch and defile the mind. If \"no corrupt communication\" is to \"proceed out of our mouth,\" according to Eph. 4:29; neither ought we to listen to it with our ears, as is done by those who attend the profane diversions of the stage."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is meant by unchaste words?", "answer": "All filthy, obscene, or smutty discourse; than which, nothing can be more grating and disagreeable to modest ears, Eph. 5:4."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What are the unchaste actions that are forbidden in this commandment?", "answer": "Besides several others, that ought not to be named among Heathens, far less Christians, there are these following: polygamy, unjust divorce, fornication, and adultery, properly so called."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is POLYGAMY?", "answer": "It is the having more wives or husbands than one at the same time, Mal. 2:14."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Is this a sin contrary to the law of nature?", "answer": "Yes; for it is contrary to the first institution of marriage; God having created but one woman, as a help meet for man; Gen. 2:22-25, compared with Matt. 19:5, 6."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Is it a sin prohibited in scripture?", "answer": "Yes; Lev 18:18 - \"Thou shalt not take a wife to her sister, to vex her - in her lifetime.\""}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the meaning of taking a wife to her sister?", "answer": "The meaning is, (according to the marginal reading,) Thou shalt not take one wife to another; that is, thou shalt not have more wives than one at a time."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "But may not this be a prohibition of incest, namely, of marrying the wife's sister?.", "answer": "No; because it is said, Thou shalt not do it in her lifetime; whereas it would be incestuous in a man to marry his sister-in-law after his wife's death, as well as to do it in her lifetime; so that the meaning is, Thou shalt not take another wife to her whom thou hast married, by which means they would become sisters."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Who was the first polygamist we read of in scripture?", "answer": "Lamech, of the posterity of Cain, who had two wives, Gen. 4:19."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Were not several of the godly likewise guilty in this matter, as Abraham, Jacob, David, Solomon, and others?", "answer": "Yes; but though these and other bad actions of good men are recorded in scripture, they are not approved of, nor proposed for our imitation; but rather set up as beacons, to prevent our making shipwreck on the same rocks."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Has not God even testified his displeasure at the sin of polygamy, in the godly, though we do not read of his reproving them for it in express words?", "answer": "Yes; he has testified his displeasure in the course of his providence, by the emulations, quarrels, and disturbances, that were thus occasioned in their families; as in the instances of Sarah and Hagar, in Abraham's family, Gen. 21:10, 11; of Leah and Rachel, in Jacob's, Gen. 30:1, 15; and of Hannah and Peninnah, in Elkanah's family, 1 Sam. 1:6."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Does not God seem to approve of polygamy, when he says to David, \"I gave thee thy master's wives into thy bosom?\" 2 Sam. 12:8.", "answer": "It being the custom of those times, for succeeding kings to take possession of all that belonged to their predecessors, the meaning is, I have made thee king, in room of Saul, and have given thee the property of all that appertained to him: but we do not read of David taking any of Saul's wives into his bed."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What is an unjust DIVORCE?", "answer": "It is the prosecuting and obtaining a dissolution of marriage, upon other grounds than such as are warranted in the word of God, and by right reason."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What are the grounds upon which a divorce may be sued for, and obtained, according to the word of God and right reason?", "answer": "\"Although the corruption of man be such as is apt to study arguments, unduly to put asunder those whom God hath joined together in marriage; yet nothing but adultery, or such wilful desertion, as can no way be remedied by the church, or civil magistrate, is cause sufficient of dissolving the bond of marriage, Matt. 19:8, 9; 1 Cor. 7:15.\"99"}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Did not Moses suffer the Israelites to put away their wives, upon slighter grounds than that of adultery as may be alleged from Deut. 24:1?", "answer": "Moses, in the text cited, gives no positive command about divorces in such cases; but only, in order to restrain the licentious freedom of the Israelites, in turning off their wives, at their own hand, upon every trivial occasion, he enjoins that none put away his wife, but upon a legal process or a bill of divorce, obtained in the ordinary course of law; which is the true meaning of the place."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Why then does our Lord tell the Pharisees, Matt. 19:8, \"Moses, because of the hardness of your hearts, suffered you to put away your wives?\"", "answer": "The meaning is, Moses, because of the wicked and malicious disposition of the Jews, and in order to prevent a greater evil, namely, the ill usage, or even killing of their hated wives, (if they could not be separated from them) permitted processes of divorce to be legally commenced."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Why is it added, \"but from the beginning it was not so?\"", "answer": "Because, according to the original institution of marriage, nothing could dissolve it but the death of one of the parties, Matt. 19:6 - \"Wherefore they are no more twain, but one flesh. What, therefore, God hath joined together, let no man put asunder.\""}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Is it lawful to marry after a divorce is obtained?", "answer": "\"It is lawful for the innocent party to sue out a divorce, and after the divorce, to marry another as if the offending party were dead.\"100"}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Is the innocent party obliged, from Matt. 5:32, to sue for a divorce?", "answer": "No; divorces are not enjoined as a precept, but allowed as a privilege, which the innocent party may claim, or not, as they please."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What if the adultery be on both sides?", "answer": "In that case the right of divorce seems to be taken away from each of them."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What is FORNICATION?", "answer": "It is uncleanness committed between a man and a woman, both of them being unmarried; as it would seem Shechem and Dinah were, when guilty this way, Gen. 34:2."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "Was this esteemed a sin among the Heathens?", "answer": "No they made light of it, (as too many professed Christians have always done ) hence the synod of Jerusalem enjoined the converted Gentiles to \"abstain from fornication,\" Acts 15:29."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "In what lies the evil of this sin?", "answer": "It defiles the body, 1 Cor. 6:18; stupefies the conscience, Hos. 4:11; and exposes to eternal wrath and damnation, 1 Cor. 6:9."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What is ADULTERY properly so called?", "answer": "It is uncleanness committed between a man and a woman, either both or one of them at least, in a married relation."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What is it commonly called when both the guilty persons are married?", "answer": "It is called double adultery, as was the case between David and Bathsheba, 2 Sam. 11:3, 4."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Whether are the consequences to families worse, when the man is married and the woman free; or when the woman is married and the man free?", "answer": "The consequences to families seem to be worse when the woman is married; because a man's offspring is thus corrupted, and his inheritance is alienated to a spurious issue."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What are the aggravations of this heinous sin?", "answer": "It is a breach of the marriage oath, Mal. 2:14; an involving of two at once in the same guilt, 1 Cor. 6:16; and is a crime committed after obtaining the remedy which God has provided against it, chap. 7:2."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What are the fatal effects of adultery in this life?", "answer": "It consumes the body, Proverbs 5:11; wastes a man's estate, bringing him \"to a piece of bread,\" chap. 6:26; and leaves an indelible blot upon his name: \"His reproach shall not be wiped away,\" ver. 33."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "What will be the effect of it in the life to come?", "answer": "Eternal wrath and damnation, if rich mercy and grace prevent it not, Eph. 5:5."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "How does God testify his abhorrence of this sin?", "answer": "By declaring that he will reserve the punishment of it, in his own hand, to be inflicted in a very peculiar manner, upon such as are guilty of it, Heb. 13:4 - \"Whore-mongers and adulterers God will judge.\""}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What are the usual incentives to this and other acts of uncleanness?", "answer": "Drunkenness, Gen. 19:33; \"fulness of bread, and abundance of idleness,\" Ezek. 16:49."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "What is the evil of idleness?", "answer": "It is a deliberate wasting of precious time, to the manifest detriment both of soul and body, Eccl. 10:18; and is a fit season for temptations to lust, Proverbs 7:7, 8."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "In what consists the evil of gluttony?", "answer": "It indisposes for all duty, both religious and civil, Proverbs 23:21; and is making a god of our belly, Phil. 3:19."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "What is the evil of drunkenness?", "answer": "It deforms the image of God in the soul, by divesting a man of the right use of his reason; and leaves him defenceless against all temptations, Proverbs 23:29, 30."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "What are the proper remedies against lust, and all the incentives to it?", "answer": "A serious reflection upon the all-seeing eye of an infinitely holy God, Gen. 39:9; walking \"in the Spirit,\" which will preserve us from fulfilling \"the lusts of the flesh,\" Gal. 5:16; keeping a strict watch over our hearts, Proverbs 4:23; studying to shun all occasions of this sin by the external senses, Job 31:1; and fervent prayer to God to be kept from it, and all temptations to it, Psalm 119:37."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "73", "sort_key": 73, "question": "Which is the Eighth Commandment?", "answer": "The Eighth Commandment is Thou shalt not steal.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "74", "sort_key": 74, "question": "What is required in the Eighth Commandment?", "answer": "The Eighth Commandment requireth the lawful procuring and furthering the wealth and outward estate of ourselves and others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the subject matter of this commandment?", "answer": "The wealth and outward estate of ourselves and others."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What does it require with reference to these?", "answer": "The procuring and furthering of them."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "In what manner does it enjoin us to procure and further them?", "answer": "Only in a lawful manner; for it requires the LAWFUL procuring and furthering of them."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Whose wealth is it we should procure and further?", "answer": "Our own wealth, and that of others."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "By what lawful means should we procure and further OUR OWN wealth?", "answer": "By labour and industry in some honest calling, Eph. 4:28."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is included in the labour and industry we should exercise in our respective stations and callings?", "answer": "Frugality in managing the affairs of our calling, and a moderate endeavour to recover our own when wrongfully detained from us."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is to be understood by frugality in managing the affairs of our calling?", "answer": "Prudence and moderation in our expenses, so as to be sure always to spend within our incomes, Proverbs 31:16."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Is it warrantable to go to law, for recovering our own, when wrongfully detained?", "answer": "Yes, surely; provided other means have been previously tried without success."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "How do you prove that it is warrantable for Christians to go to law with one another, when urged by necessity?", "answer": "From the lawfulness of magistracy, which is the ordinance of God, Rom. 13:2, \"for the punishment of evil doers, and for the praise of them that do well,\" 1 Pet. 2:14."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Does not our Lord find fault with this method, when he says, \"If any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloak also?\" Matt. 5:40.", "answer": "The meaning is, that we should rather part with a little of our right, than run ourselves into unnecessary charges at law, perhaps vastly beyond the value of what we are seeking to regain; and thus discover a contentious and quarrelsome spirit, unbecoming Christianity."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Does not the apostle also blame Christians for this practice, when he says, \"Ye go to law one with another; why do ye not rather take wrong?\" 1 Cor. 6:7.", "answer": "The apostle is there speaking of bringing pleas unnecessarily before Heathen magistrates; and his meaning is, that Christians should make up differences among themselves, by submitting to arbitration; or even by suffering some wrong, rather than by vexatious law-suits, (especially about lesser matters) thus bringing a scandal upon the religion which they profess."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "How is the necessity of labouring in an honest calling enforced in scripture?", "answer": "From the necessity of eating: the apostle argues from the natural necessity of the one, to the moral necessity of the other, 2 Thess. 3:10 - \"This we commanded you, that if any would not work, neither should he eat.\""}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Can we procure and further our wealth and outward estate, merely by our own labour and industry?", "answer": "Our own industry is necessary; but without the Lord's blessing upon it, it will not be successful; \"for it is the blessing of the Lord that maketh rich,\" Proverbs 10:22."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What ends should we propose to ourselves, in endeavouring to further, or increase, our own outward estate?", "answer": "That we may honour the Lord, with our substance, Proverbs 3:9; live comfortably ourselves, Eccl. 5:19; and be useful to others, Eph. 4:28."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "By what means should we procure and further the wealth and outward estate of OTHERS?", "answer": "By exercising justice and righteousness towards all, Psalm 15:2; and by relieving the wants and necessities of those who stand in need of our charity, 1 John 3:17."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What is the rule and standard of that justice and righteousness we should exercise towards all men?", "answer": "That we so deal with others, as we would have them deal with us, if we were in their place or condition; or, that we should never do that to another, which, if we were in the other's place or circumstances, we would reckon to be unjust, Matt. 7:12."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "In what cases is this rule to be particularly applied, according to the scope of this commandment?", "answer": "In all contracts, or matters of traffic and commerce between man and man; and likewise in making satisfaction for injuries."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "How is it to be applied in contracts, or matters of traffic between man and man?", "answer": "It is to be applied thus: that in buying and selling, there be always a just proportion between the price and the thing sold; or, that the sale be according to the worth or value of the goods; without taking the advantage of ignorance or poverty on either side, Gen. 23:15, 16."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "How may the worth and value of goods be known?", "answer": "By this general maxim, That every thing is worth as much as it may be currently sold for."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "May not the price of the same commodity vary and change at different times?", "answer": "Yes; according to the plenty or scarcity of the commodity at the time of sale."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What satisfaction should be made to others, for taking or detaining what belongs to them, or in any manner defrauding them?", "answer": "No other satisfaction is agreeable to God's will of precept, or will gain the approbation of men, but RESTITUTION, if the injuring party is ever capable to make it, Lev. 6:2-6; 1 Sam. 12:3."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What if the person to whom the restitution should be made, or his nearest of kin, cannot be found?", "answer": "In that case, what has been unjustly detained ought to be given to the poor, or some pious use, Num. 5:8."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Is relieving the necessities of the poor a duty required in this commandment?", "answer": "Yes; because it is a furthering the outward estate of our neighbour who is in want."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Why should we relieve the necessities of the poor?", "answer": "Because, \"He that hath pity upon the poor, lendeth to the Lord; and that which he hath given, will he pay him again,\" Proverbs 19:17."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Who are the proper objects of Charity?", "answer": "All who are in real poverty and want, and are not able to work; especially those \"who are of the household of faith,\" Gal. 6:10."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "How should our acts of charity be managed?", "answer": "They should be conducted with prudence, namely, as our own circumstances will permit, and the necessity of the object requires, 1 John 3:17."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "When should we perform acts of charity?", "answer": "Presently, if the necessities of those whom we are bound to relieve, call for present assistance, Proverbs 3:28."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What should we shun or avoid, in our acts of charity?", "answer": "All ostentation, or a desire to be seen of men, and commended by them, Matt. 6:2-5."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "75", "sort_key": 75, "question": "What is forbidden in the Eighth Commandment?", "answer": "The Eighth Commandment forbiddeth whatsoever doth or may unjustly hinder our own or our neighbour's wealth or outward estate.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What does the forbidding of THEFT necessarily suppose?", "answer": "That there are distinct rights and properties among men, which cannot be justly invaded or encroached upon, Lev. 6:4."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What would be the necessary consequences of a community of goods among men?", "answer": "It would destroy traffic and commerce; abolish all acts of charity; encourage sloth and idleness; and if there were no right and property there could be no encroachment upon it by theft or stealing."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "From whom are we forbidden to steal?", "answer": "Both from ourselves and others."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "How may we be said to steal from OURSELVES?", "answer": "By idleness, niggardliness, and prodigality."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How do we steal from ourselves, or impair our own estates, by idleness?", "answer": "When we either live without a lawful calling, Proverbs 19:15; or neglect it, if we have any, chap. 18:9."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "How may a person be said to steal from himself by niggardliness?", "answer": "When he defrauds himself of the due use and comfort of that estate which God has given him, Eccl. 6:2."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "How do persons on the other hand, steal from themselves, by prodigality?", "answer": "By being lavish and profuse in spending above their income, Proverbs 23:20, 21."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the sin which is more directly pointed at in this commandment?", "answer": "It is stealing from OTHERS; or laying hands upon, and taking away unjustly, that which is the right and property of another."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "How many ways may persons be said to steal from others, or unjustly hinder their neighbour's wealth or outward estate?", "answer": "Several ways; particularly, by theft, robbery, resetting, defrauding, monopolising, and taking unlawful usury."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is theft?", "answer": "It is the taking away clandestinely, or privily from another, that which is his, Lev. 19:11."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "How is theft commonly distinguished?", "answer": "Into private and public."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is private theft?", "answer": "It is the taking away less or more of any private person's property, without their knowledge or consent, Obadiah ver. 5."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Against whom is public theft committed?", "answer": "Both against the church and commonwealth."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "How is public theft called, as committed against the church?", "answer": "Either Simony or sacrilege."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What is Simony?", "answer": "It is the buying and selling of ecclesiastical places and offices for money, or other good deeds; so called, from the wicked practice of Simon Magus, who offered the apostles \"money, saying, Give me also this power, that on whomsoever I lay hands, he may receive the Holy Ghost,\" Acts 8:18, 19."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What is sacrilege?", "answer": "It is the taking away or alienating of any thing which has been dedicated to a sacred use, Proverbs 20:25; Mal. 3:8."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Why are these called public theft, when, for the most part, they are privately committed?", "answer": "Because they very much affect the public interest and welfare of the church; nothing having a greater tendency to her ruin, than Simoniacal compacts and sacrilegious usurpations."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "In what consists public theft, as committed against the commonwealth?", "answer": "In embezzling the current coin, or doing detriment to the public for private advantage, Rom. 13:7; Phil. 2:4."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is robbery or rapine?", "answer": "It is the taking away the goods of another by violence and open force, Job 20:19."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "In what lies the aggravation of this crime?", "answer": "In its being an avowed pillaging or plundering of our neighbour; and in being ordinarily accompanied with a threatening to take away his life, if he ventures to make the least resistance, Judges 9:25."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What is the evil of resetting101, or receiving of what is taken away, whether by stealth or violence?", "answer": "It is a manifest encouragement of, and participation with thieves and robbers in their sins, Psalm 50:18; and consequently, a coming under the same guilt and condemnation with them, Proverbs 29:24."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "How do men commonly defraud one another?", "answer": "In buying, selling and borrowing."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "How do they defraud in buying?", "answer": "By depreciating and vilifying what they intend to buy, that they may have it cheaper than the value, Proverbs 20:14."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "How do they defraud one another in selling?", "answer": "By taking an unreasonable price, 1 Thess. 4:6; or, cheating by false weights and measures, Deut. 25:13-15."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "How do they defraud in borrowing?", "answer": "When they borrow what they know they can never be able, in the ordinary course of providence, to pay, Psalm 37:21."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "If a man's creditors compound with him for less than he owes, is he therefore discharged of the whole debt?", "answer": "Though his creditors, for fear of losing all, may compound and discharge for a part, so that there can be no action in law for the remainder; yet, in the court of conscience, and before God, he is bound, if ever he is able, to pay every farthing: and, if he is an honest man, he will never reckon his substance his own, till he do it, Rom. 13:8."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How may servants defraud their masters?", "answer": "By wasting their masters' goods, which they may have in their hands; and not working faithfully for their wages, Titus 2:9, 10."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "How may masters defraud their servants?", "answer": "By detaining from, or tricking them out of their wages, Lev. 19:13; or by exacting of them too rigorous labour, Ex. 5:9."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What is it to monopolise?", "answer": "It is to engross commodities, in order to enhance the price of them."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "What is the worst kind of monopolising or forestalling?", "answer": "It is the buying up grain, or other provisions, in large quantities, in order to exact a higher price for them afterwards."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "In what consists the evil of this sin?", "answer": "They who are guilty of it enrich themselves upon the spoils of others, Ezek. 22:29; they \"grind the faces of the poor,\" Isaiah 3:15; and bring upon themselves the curse of the people, Proverbs 11:26 - \"He that withholdeth corn, the people shall CURSE him; but blessings shall be upon the head of him that selleth it.\""}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What is it to take USURY, according to the proper signification of the word?", "answer": "It is to take gain, profit, or interest, for the loan of money."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "What kind of usury or interest is lawful?", "answer": "That which is moderate, easy, and no way oppressive, Deut. 23:20, compared with Ex. 22:21."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "How do you prove that moderate usury is lawful?", "answer": "From the very light of nature, which teaches, that since the borrower proposes to gain by the loan, the lender should have a reasonable share of his profit, as a recompense for the use of his money, which he might otherwise have disposed of to his own advantage, 2 Cor. 8:13."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What is the usury condemned in scripture, and by right reason?", "answer": "It is the exacting of more interest or gain for the loan of money, than is settled by universal consent, and the laws of the land, Proverbs 28:8 - \"He that by usury, and unjust gain, increaseth his substance, shall gather it for him that will pity the poor.\""}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "How do you prove from scripture, that moderate usury, or common interest, is not oppression in itself?", "answer": "From the express command laid upon the Israelites not to \"oppress a stranger,\" Ex. 23:9; and yet their being allowed to take usury from him, Deut. 23:20; which they would not have been permitted to do, if there had been an intrinsic evil in the thing itself."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "Is it warrantable to take interest from the poor?", "answer": "By no means; for, if such as are honest, and in needy circumstances, borrow a small sum towards a livelihood, and repay it in due time, it is all that can be expected of them; and therefore the demanding of any profit or interest, or even taking any of their necessaries of life in pledge, for the sum, seems to be plainly contrary to the law of charity, Ex. 22:25-28; Psalm 15:5."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "Were not the Israelites forbidden to take usury from their brethren, whether poor or rich? Deut. 23:19 - \"Thou shalt not lend upon usury to thy brother.\"", "answer": "This text is to be restricted to their poor brethren, as it is explained, Ex. 22:25, and Lev. 25:25, 35; or, if it respects the Israelites indifferently, then it is one of the judicial laws peculiar to that people, and of no binding force now."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "What is the spring of all these different ways by which men defraud and injure one another in their outward estate?", "answer": "Covetousness, Luke 12:15, or an inordinate prizing and loving of worldly goods, Psalm 62:10."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "What should affright and deter every one from such wicked practices?", "answer": "The consideration of the curse that shall enter into the house of the thief, Zech. 5:3, 4; and of the vengeance that shall light upon such as go beyond and defraud their neighbour: for, \"the Lord is the avenger of all such,\" 1 Thess. 4:6."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "76", "sort_key": 76, "question": "Which is the Ninth Commandment?", "answer": "The Ninth Commandment is, Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "77", "sort_key": 77, "question": "What is required in the Ninth Commandment?", "answer": "The Ninth Commandment requireth the maintaining and promoting of truth between man and man, and of our own and our neighbour's good name, especially in witness-bearing.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "In what does the Ninth Commandment differ from the three preceding ones?", "answer": "The three commands immediately preceding, have a respect to the injuries that may be done to ourselves or others by deeds or actions; but the ninth has a reference to wrongs done by words."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the general duty required in this commandment?", "answer": "It is the maintaining and promoting of truth between man and man."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the TRUTH, between man and man, we are required to maintain and promote?", "answer": "It is the strict veracity of our words or speeches, in whatever we assert or deny; whether in our ordinary conversation, or in our oaths, promises, bargains, and contracts, Zech. 8:16 - \"Speak ye every man the truth to his neighbour.\""}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "In what consists the strict veracity that ought to be in our words and speeches?", "answer": "In uttering things as they really are in themselves, according to our belief of them; that is, that there be an exact agreement and harmony between our thoughts, words, and the things themselves, Psalm 15:1, 2 - \"Who shall dwell in thy holy hill? He that - speaketh truth is his heart.\""}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Why will God have nothing to be uttered but strict truth?", "answer": "Because he is \"a God of truth, and without iniquity; just and right is he,\" Deut. 32:4."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Is it lawful at any time to conceal part of the truth?", "answer": "Yes; when neither the glory of God, nor our own, or our neighbour's good requires that the whole of it be told; only no untruth must be uttered in concealing it, 1 Sam. 16:2, 5."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the chief end for which the tongue or gift of speech is conferred upon us?", "answer": "That we may thus glorify God by praying to, Psalm 50:15, and praising him, verse 23; and by contending earnestly for, Jude verse 3, and confessing his truth, Rom. 10:10; hence is the tongue called our glory, Psalm 30:12 - \"To the end that my GLORY (that is, my tongue, as on the margin) may sing praise unto thee, and not be silent.\""}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the subordinate end of it?", "answer": "The edification and profit of our fellow-creatures, Eph. 4:29 - \"Let no corrupt communication proceed out of your mouth, but that which is good, to the use of edifying;\" (margin, \"to edify profitably,\") in opposition to the insipid and vain talk which is in the mouths of most men."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the particular duty required in the Ninth Commandment?", "answer": "That we maintain and promote our own and our neighbour's good name, especially in witness-bearing."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is a good name?", "answer": "It is the having of reputation and esteem, especially among the sober and religious, Psalm 16:3, and 101:6."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "How may a good name be obtained?", "answer": "By being useful in the world, in the several stations and relations in which adorable providence has placed us, Psalm 112:9."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Is self-commendation a fit mean to obtain a good name?", "answer": "No; it is ordinarily the highway to procure scorn and contempt, 2 Cor. 10:12."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Does not the apostle commend himself, when he says, \"In nothing am I behind the very chiefest apostles?\" 2 Cor. 12:11.", "answer": "He only magnifies and exalts his office, and at the same time lessens and disparages himself; for, although he says, \"In nothing am I behind the very chiefest apostles,\" yet he immediately subjoins, \"though I be nothing;\" and 1 Cor. 15:9 - \"I am the least of the apostles, who am not meet to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God.\""}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "May we not commend the grace of God in us?", "answer": "To be sure we may; for, whatever is spoken to the commendation of free grace, is for the abasement of self, 1 Cor. 15:10 - \"By the grace of God I am what I am.\""}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How ought we to maintain and promote our own good name?", "answer": "Not only by a blameless walk and conversation before the world, Phil, 2:15; but likewise by vindicating ourselves from the calumnies and aspersions that may be injuriously cast upon us, Acts 24:12, 13."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "With what frame of spirit ought the lawful vindication of ourselves to be managed?", "answer": "With moderation, meekness, and readiness to forgive those who have reproached and injured us, Col. 3:12, 13."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Who ought, in a special manner, to maintain and promote their own good name?", "answer": "This is especially incumbent on professors of religion, Matt. 5:16; and such as are in places of public trust, Titus 2:7, 8."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Why should professors be careful to maintain their good name?", "answer": "Because the loss of it tends to reflect dishonour on religion, by which the enemies of it take occasion to blaspheme, 2 Sam. 12:14."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is the advantage of a good name?", "answer": "A good name procures mutual love to, and confidence in one another; and, consequently, tends to promote the interests both of sacred and civil society; on which account \"a good name\" is said to be \"better than precious ointment,\" Eccl. 7:1; and \"rather to be chosen than great riches,\" Proverbs 22:1."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What does this command require in reference to our neighbour's good name?", "answer": "The maintaining and promoting it, \"as we would do our own,\" Phil. 2:4; and that both in his presence and in his absence."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "How should we behave in the presence of our neighbour, for maintaining and promoting of his good name?", "answer": "When we observe any thing faulty in him, which deserves present notice, we should reprove it with meekness and love, Lev. 19:17; and what is really commendable we should prudently encourage and applaud, Rom. 1:8."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "How should we maintain and promote the good name of others in their absence?", "answer": "By commending what is praise-worthy in them, 3 John ver. 12; vindicating their character when unjustly attacked, Proverbs 25:23; and by covering their infirmities and blemishes, so far as can be done in a consistency with truth, and the credit of religion, 1 Pet. 4:8."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Why is the word ESPECIALLY subjoined to witness-bearing?", "answer": "Because, as we should give testimony to truth on all occasions, so, in a special manner, when called by lawful authority to declare the matter of fact upon oath, Jer. 4:2."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What special obligation lies upon us, to declare the true matter of fact, between man and man, when called to do it upon oath?", "answer": "In an oath, God is appealed to, that we will declare nothing but the truth, as we shall answer to him at the great day; and therefore, our doing otherwise, either out of hatred, or favour, is laying ourselves open to his immediate wrath and displeasure, according to Mal. 3:5 - \"I will be a swift witness - against false swearers, - saith the Lord of hosts.\""}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "78", "sort_key": 78, "question": "What is forbidden in the Ninth Commandment?", "answer": "The Ninth Commandment forbiddeth whatsoever is prejudicial to truth, or injurious to our own or our neighbour's good name.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What does this command forbid in general?", "answer": "Whatsoever is prejudicial to truth."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What are we to understand, by that which is prejudicial to truth?", "answer": "All falsehood and lying of whatever kind, James 3:14 - \"Lie not against the truth.\""}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the formal nature and meaning of a LIE?", "answer": "It is voluntarily to speak or express what we know to be false, as the old prophet at Bethel did to the man of God, 1 Kings 13:18."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "How is a lie aggravated?", "answer": "When it is uttered with a design to deceive, and to harm others by it; like the devil, when he said, \"Ye shall not surely die. - Ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil,\" Gen. 3:4, 5."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "May not persons utter what is untrue or false and yet not be guilty of a lie?", "answer": "Yes; and that either through ignorance or misinformation."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "When may they be said to utter what is false through ignorance, and yet not be guilty of lying?", "answer": "When they speak rashly, according to their present conception of things, without due examination; as the barbarians, when they \"saw the venomous beast hang on Paul's hand, said: among themselves, No doubt this man is a murderer,\" &c., Acts 28:4."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "When may we utter what is false through misinformation, and not be guilty of a lie?", "answer": "When we speak according to the report we have had from others, without any suspicion of being imposed upon; as Jacob did, when, by the imposition of his sons, (who had sold Joseph into Egypt, and dipped his coat in he blood of a kid) he said, \"It is my son's coat; an evil beast, hath devoured him: Joseph is without doubt rent in pieces,\" Gen. 37:33."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "How many sorts of lies are there?", "answer": "They are commonly ranked into three sorts; namely, ludicrous, pernicious, and officious lies."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is a ludicrous or jocose lie?", "answer": "It is when persons relate things they know to be false, with a design to make a jest or diversion to others."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is it to be guilty of a pernicious lied?", "answer": "It is to contrive or spread some malicious report we know or suspect to be false, on purpose to bring about some hurt or damage to another, as Ziba did against Mephibosheth, 2 Sam. 16:3."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the aggravation of a pernicious lie?", "answer": "It is the very worst sort of lying, being both a contempt of the omniscient God, who is witness to the falsehood; and a deliberate intention to do injury to our neighbour, though in our conscience we believe him innocent of what we lay to his charge."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is it for a person to make an officious lie?", "answer": "It is to tell a downright untruth, for their own, or their neighbour's safety and security in time of danger, as Rahab did who hid the spies in the roof of her house, and yet alleged they were gone out of the city, and that she knew not where they went, Josh. 2:4-6."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Does not the apostle ascribe this action of hers to her faith, when he says, Heb. 11:31 - \"By faith, Rahab, the harlot, perished not with them that believed not, when she had received the spies with peace?\"", "answer": "No; What he ascribes to her faith is, her having received the spies with peace, that is, her having consulted their safety and preservation with the greatest care and diligence; but not the lie she invented in order to conceal them. Her protecting the spies is commended, but not the manner in which she did it."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Who are they that plead in favour of officious lies?", "answer": "The Papists, Socinians, and most of our modern moralists."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What arguments do they allege in defence of this sort of lying?", "answer": "That it has been practised by saints in scripture; and that it is so far from being hurtful to any, that it has been beneficial to some in certain cases."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What answer is to be given to the practice of the saints in this matter?", "answer": "That their sinful failures, in this and other instances, are not recorded in scripture for imitation, but for caution and warning, that we fall not into the same snares."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How do you answer the other argument for officious lying, \"That it is so far from being hurtful to any, that it has been beneficial and advantageous to some, in certain cases, particularly in saving the life of a dear friend, or useful member of society, which might otherwise have been manifestly endangered?\"", "answer": "It is answered thus, that in no case are we to do evil that good may come, Rom. 3:8. If we are not to speak wickedly for God, nor talk deceitfully for him, according to Job 13:7, neither are we to do so, though it were for the benefit of all mankind, or the best among them."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "How do you prove lying to be sinful, or unlawful, in itself?", "answer": "From this, that lying of all sorts, without exception, is condemned in scripture, as hateful and abominable to God, Proverbs 6:17, 19, and 12:22; Col. 3:9."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Who is the author and father of lies?", "answer": "The devil, John 8:44 - \"When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own; for he is a liar, and the father of it.\""}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "How does God testify his displeasure against lying of all kinds?", "answer": "By declaring that \"he who speaketh lies shall perish,\" Proverbs 19:9; accordingly it is said, \"ALL liars shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone,\" Rev. 21:8."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What is more particularly forbidden in this commandment, according to the answer?", "answer": "Whatever is injurious to our own or our neighbour's good name."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "How may we injure our own good name?", "answer": "By a vain-glorious commendation of ourselves, 2 Tim 3:2; by despising of others who ought justly to be esteemed, Luke 18:9, 11; or by doing any thing scandalous and offensive in the eye of the world, 1 Sam. 2:17, 30."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "In what may we be injurious to our neighbour's good name?", "answer": "By flattering him to his face, Proverbs 28:4; by defaming him behind his back, Psalm 50:20; or by bearing false witness against him in public judicature, Ezek. 22:9."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What is the evil of flattering our neighbour to his face?", "answer": "It tends to foster and foment his pride, and thus to bring on his ruin, Proverbs 26:28 - \"A flattering mouth worketh ruin.\""}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What is the evil of defaming him behind his back?", "answer": "Nothing can be more devilish and malicious, than to fix calumny and reproach upon one, when he is not present to vindicate and defend himself: hence the same original word, which is rendered slanderer, 1 Tim. 3:11, is used also to signify the devil, 1 Pet. 5:8."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "Who are they that maybe guilty of bearing false witness against their neighbour in public judicature?", "answer": "The prosecutor, defendant, witness, advocate, and judge, may each of them be guilty in this way."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How may the prosecutor be guilty?", "answer": "In making an unjust demand upon the defendant, Acts 24:5; or laying to his charge that of which he believes him to be innocent, chap. 25:7."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "How is the defendant, upon the other hand, chargeable with guilt in this matter?", "answer": "By artful and dilatory evasions, by which the plaintiff is put to needless trouble and charge in the obtaining of justice."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "How may witnesses, in public judicature, be injurious to their neighbour's good name?", "answer": "Not only by the heinous sin of bearing testimony to a downright falsehood, but likewise by denying, mincing, or keeping back the truth, or any part of it."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "When are advocates or attorneys guilty in this way?", "answer": "When they take in hand to plead and maintain a bad cause, looking on it as a part of their profession to be as warm and zealous in defending what is wrong, as what is just and right."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "How may the judge be guilty of bearing false witness?", "answer": "By a rash, partial, and iniquitous sentence; thus perverting justice, and injuring the innocent, like Pilate, Matt. 27:24, 26."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What is the evil of injuring our neighbour in his good name?", "answer": "It robs him of a most valuable treasure; for, if once his good name or character is sunk, his further usefulness in the world is, to all appearance, irrecoverably gone."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "What should affright and deter us from the sins of the tongue, forbidden in this commandment?", "answer": "That we are to answer, in the last and great day for our words, as well as our actions, Matt. 12:36, 37 - \"Every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment; for, by thy words thou shalt be justified, and by thy words thou shalt be condemned.\""}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "79", "sort_key": 79, "question": "Which is the Tenth Commandment?", "answer": "The Tenth Commandment is, Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his man-servant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "80", "sort_key": 80, "question": "What is required in the Tenth Commandment?", "answer": "The Tenth Commandment requireth full contentment with our own condition, with a right and charitable frame of spirit toward our neighbour, and all that is his.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the practice of the Papists with reference to the Tenth Commandment?", "answer": "They have; (in some of their formularies,) erased the Second Commandment, because contrary to their image worship; therefore, in order to keep up the number TEN, they split THIS into two, making these words, \"Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house,\" to be the ninth; and, \"Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife,\" &c. to be the tenth."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How are they confuted?", "answer": "By the words of this commandment (as they are here inserted from Ex. 20:17,) being transposed into a different order in Deut. 5:21; where desiring our neighbour's wife is put before coveting of his house; which is a plain evidence, that what the Papists make two is but one undivided precept; otherwise what, according to them, is the ninth in the one place, will be the tenth in the other."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the general duty required in this commandment?", "answer": "It is an inward disposition and inclination of the whole soul, to perform all the duties contained in the law, particularly in the second table, which this commandment more immediately respects; and that out of love to God, and a desire to please him, Psalm 119:5, 47."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "How do you prove this to be the general duty required?", "answer": "From the general sin forbidden; namely, COVETOUSNESS, which includes the motion or stirring of corruption against all the commands of the law, because of their holiness and contrariety to depraved nature, Rom. 7:7, 8."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What inward disposition of soul does this commandment require with reference to ourselves in particular?", "answer": "It requires, with reference to ourselves, full contentment with our own condition, 1 Tim. 6:6."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What do you understand by full contentment with our own condition?", "answer": "A cheerful acquiescence in the lot which God, in his holy and wise providence, is pleased to carve out for us in this world, Heb. 13:5 - \"Be content with such things as ye have.\""}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Is full contentment with our own condition attainable in this life?", "answer": "Though the perfection of no grace is attainable in this life, yet a great measure, and eminent degrees of grace, particularly this of contentment, may be, and has been, attained by the saints in this world, Phil. 4:11 - \"I have learned, in whatever state I am, therewith to be content.\""}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Is contentment, in a prosperous condition, an easy attainment?", "answer": "No; without grace it cannot be attained; because, naturally, our ambitious and covetous desires increase in proportion to our riches; as is evident in the instance of Ahab, whom a kingdom could not satisfy without Naboth's vineyard, 1 Kings 21:4."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "How is true contentment attained under prosperous circumstances?", "answer": "By looking above all the enjoyments of time as transitory and vain, to God himself, as our chief good and eternal inheritance, Psalm 62:10, and 16:5, 6."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Is contentment likewise required under cross dispensations of providence; such as, poverty, reproach, bodily afflictions, and loss of near relations?", "answer": "Though it be a grievous sin to be stupidly insensible and unconcerned under these or the like circumstances, Hos. 7:9; yet a contentment of submission, or such as is without repining and murmuring, is, undoubtedly, required under the severest troubles that can befall us in this life, Lam. 3:39 - \"Wherefore doth a living man complain, a man for the punishment of his sins?\" And, Ezra. 9:13 \"...seeing that thou our God hast punished us less than our iniquities deserve,\""}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What ground of contentment have we under outward poverty and want?", "answer": "That, though we be the poor of this world, yet we may be \"rich in faith, and heirs of the kingdom,\" James 2:5."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Why should we bear reproach without murmuring?", "answer": "Because whatever reproach is cast upon us for Christ's sake, he will wipe it clean off at his second appearing, Luke 22:28, 29; Matt. 25:34."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What reason for contentment have we under bodily afflictions?", "answer": "That they are only of short duration, 2 Cor. 4:17; mixed with mercy, Lam. 3:32; consistent with love, John 11:3; and designed for \"our profit, that we might be partakers of his holiness,\" Heb. 12:10."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What should content and comfort us under the loss of near and dear relations?", "answer": "That the Lord Jesus, who stands in every amiable relation to us, is always at hand, being \"the same yesterday, today, and for ever,\" Heb. 13:8."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Are we required to be content under divine desertion, or the want of the sense of the love of God?", "answer": "Though we have no reason to quarrel with God, for withdrawing the light of his countenance, which we never deserved; yet it is impossible for any gracious soul to be easy and content under the hidings of his face, but it must needs earnestly long for, and ardently breathe after the returns of his love; as is evident from the example and practice of the saints, in the following texts, Job 23:3, and 29:2, 3; Psalm 13:1, 42:1, 2, and 84:2."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What inward frame or disposition of soul does the Tenth Commandment require with reference to our neighbour?", "answer": "It requires a right and charitable frame of spirit toward him, and all that is his, Rom. 12:16."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "When may we be said to have this right and charitable frame of spirit here required?", "answer": "When our inward motions and affections are influenced by grace, to sway and determine us to promote and rejoice in the welfare of our neighbour, both as to his spiritual and temporal concerns, 1 Cor. 13:4-8."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "When may it be evident to ourselves, that we have a right and charitable frame of spirit towards those who excel us in gifts and graces?", "answer": "When, under an humbling sense of our own defects, we are thankful for the honour that is brought to God, by the shining of his gifts or graces in others, Gal. 1:23, 24."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What should induce us to a right and charitable frame of spirit towards those that are in more prosperous circumstances than ourselves; or whose condition in the world is better than our own?", "answer": "The considering that a flourishing condition in the world is not always the best, Psalm 38:16; that if we enjoy communion with God, it is infinitely preferable to all outward prosperity without it, Psalm 16:5, 6."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "How may such a right and charitable frame of spirit be attained?", "answer": "Only by the implantation of faith, as the root of this and all other motions of the soul that are acceptable to God, Heb. 11:6; Rom. 14:23."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "81", "sort_key": 81, "question": "What is forbidden in the Tenth Commandment?", "answer": "The Tenth Commandment forbiddeth all discontentment with our own estate, envying or grieving at the good of our neighbour, and all inordinate motions and affections to any thing that is his.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the leading sin forbidden in this commandment?", "answer": "It is COVETOUSNESS: Thou shalt not covet."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is covetousness?", "answer": "It is an excessive and irregular desire after those worldly goods which we have not, Proverbs 1:19, and which God, in his providence, does not see meet that we should have, Psalm 75:6, 7."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How does the excess of an avaricious mind discover itself?", "answer": "By such an insatiable thirst after worldly gain, as can never be satisfied, Proverbs 30:15."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "In what consists the irregularity of covetousness?", "answer": "In the desire of worldly goods which are in the possession of our neighbour, and even sometimes as they are his, 1 Kings 21:2."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How does the covetousness of the heart discover itself?", "answer": "By discontentment with our own estate, and envying or grieving at the good of our neighbour."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is discontentment with our own estate?", "answer": "It is to murmur and fret at our present condition in the world, as being worse than we think should fall to our share, or than we are expecting and looking for, 2 Kings 6:33."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the aggravation of this sin?", "answer": "It argues an unwillingness to be at God's disposal, Psalm 12:4; an esteeming ourselves more competent judges than he, of what is best for us, 1 Kings 1:5; and it is, in effect, usurping the throne of God, and taking his government into our own hands, Ex. 5:2."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What are the proper remedies against it?", "answer": "The only sovereign remedy, is to give Christ the pre-eminence in our hearts, Psalm 73:25; for then we will undervalue all temporal things, in comparison of him, Psalm 76:4."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is envying or grieving at the good of our neighbour?", "answer": "It is to repine and grudge at his prosperous circumstances, Neh. 2:10, or any superior endowment or privilege he is possessed of above ourselves, Psalm 112:9, 10."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the evil of this sin?", "answer": "It wastes and consumes the body, Proverbs 14:30 - \"Envy is the rottenness of the bones,\" and it is fertile of \"confusion, and every evil work,\" James 3:16."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the source or spring of covetousness?", "answer": "The inordinate motions and affections that are in our souls."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What do you understand by the inordinate motions and affections here forbidden?", "answer": "Not only the unlawful purposes, intentions, and desires, that are actually formed in the heart, but even the first risings and stirrings of corruption in the soul, which are antecedent to the consent of the will, Gen. 6:5."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Are not the vicious lusts and desires that are, formed and assented to in the heart, forbidden in other commandments of the second table, as well as in this?", "answer": "Yes; as appears from our Saviour's exposition of the Seventh Commandment, Matt. 5:28 - \"But I say unto you, Whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her, hath committed adultery with her already in his heart.\""}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "How then is this commandment distinguished from others, which forbid heart sins equally with it?", "answer": "This commandment is levelled particularly at the root of all sin, namely, habitual lust, or corruption of nature, together with its very first motions, and especially as these are contrary to the love of our neighbour; whereas, other commandments chiefly respect such secret and heart sins as are actually committed, though not known to the world."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How does it appear that this commandment is levelled particularly at habitual lust, or at the root of all sin?", "answer": "Because, since other commandments chiefly forbid heart sins actually formed, this commandment must forbid the very rise of them, or the least bias and inclination to evil; otherwise it would not be distinct from the rest, nor would the law be absolutely perfect."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Does not the apostle James distinguish between lust and sin, chap. 1:15 - \"When lust hath conceived it bringeth forth sin;\" and will it not from thence follow, that lust, or corruption of nature, is not properly sin, and consequently not forbidden in this commandment?", "answer": "The apostle distinguishes between lust and sin merely as a corrupt principle and the act which it produces; both which are hateful to God, and contrary to his law."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "If lust, or corruption of nature, cannot be remedied, or extirpated by any prescription in the Divine law, why is it at all prohibited?", "answer": "It is nevertheless prohibited, both because contrary to the nature of God, and as a mean to reprove and humble us for it, Rom. 7:9."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What is the difference between human and Divine laws on this head?", "answer": "Human laws respect only overt or open acts of sin, but Divine laws respect likewise the internal inclination and disposition which persons have to commit it, Psalm 66:18."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is the opinion of the Papists concerning the prohibition of habitual lust?", "answer": "They pretend that the law of God respects only the corruption of our actions, but not the habit or principle from whence they proceed."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "How are they refuted?", "answer": "From the spirituality of the law, which extends to the motions of the heart, as well as the actions of the life, Rom. 7:14, 23."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "If, the first motions of corruption are not entertained, but immediately curbed and restrained, why are they prohibited as sinful?", "answer": "Because, however soon they are curbed or restrained; yet having once been in the soul, they cannot but leave a stain and pollution behind them, contrary to the holiness and purity required in the law, James 1:14."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Who are they that are sensible of these inordinate motions and affections of the heart, and are humbled for the same?", "answer": "None properly but the regenerate; as is evident from the instance of the apostle, who says of himself, after his conversion, \"I had not known lust, except the law had said, Thou shalt not covet,\" Rom. 7:7."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What is the apostle's meaning in these words?", "answer": "It is, as if he had said, I had not known this strong propensity that is in my heart to all manner of sin, even before it be consented to, or deliberately committed; unless the Spirit of God had discovered it to me, in this precept of the law forbidding the same."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "How does this propensity to sin evidence itself?", "answer": "In that no sooner is the object presented, than instantly there is an inordinate motion and affection of the heart after it. The combustible matter within catches fire at the very first spark of temptation, Josh. 7:21."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What may we learn from the general scope of this, and all the other commandments?", "answer": "That though we could forbear the evil, and do the good contained in every commandment, it would not be sufficient, except we did it for the Lord's sake, out of love to him, and regard to his authority, Ezek. 20:19."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "82", "sort_key": 82, "question": "Is any man able perfectly to keep the commandments of God?", "answer": "No mere man, since the fall, is able, in this life perfectly to keep the commandments of God, but doth daily break them, in thought, word, and deed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is it perfectly to keep the commandments of God?", "answer": "It is, from a nature perfectly holy, to yield constant and uninterrupted obedience to them, both in heart and life, Matt. 22:37, 39."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Was ever any man, in this world, able to keep the commandments of God in this manner?", "answer": "Yes; Adam, before his fall, was able to give perfect obedience to them all, Eccl. 7:29 - \"God made man upright.\""}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Whether was Adam's ability to keep the commandments of God, concreated with him, or, was it a superadded gift?", "answer": "It was concreated with him, as being made after the image of God, Gen. 1:27."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Has none, since the fall, been able to keep them perfectly?", "answer": "No mere man has ever been able to do it, since that time, Rom. 3:9, 10."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What do you understand by a mere man?", "answer": "One who is no more than a man; and all Adam's family, descending from him by ordinary generation, are only mere men, Acts 17:26."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Why is the limitation of no mere man inserted in the answer?", "answer": "That Christ might be excepted, who is infinitely more than a man, being IMMANUEL, \"God with us,\" Matt. 1:23."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Why should HE be excepted?", "answer": "Because he not only yielded perfect obedience to the law in our nature, but an obedience meritorious of life, for all his spiritual seed, Matt. 3:15; Rom. 5:17, 19."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Do not the saints, in this life, keep the commandments of God perfectly?", "answer": "No; \"for there is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not,\" Eccl. 7:20."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Will they ever be capable of doing it?", "answer": "Yes; when they come to heaven, where they are made perfect, Heb. 12:23; and where \"the former things are passed away,\" Rev. 21:4."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Why are they not able perfectly to keep them in this life?", "answer": "Because of the remains of corruption cleaving to every one of them, while in this world, Rom. 7:23; and from which they long to be delivered, verse 24."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "But may not grace received in this life enable them to keep the commandments of God perfectly?", "answer": "There is no promise of any such grace, nor would it be consistent with the gradual nature of spiritual growth, as the saints do not arrive at their full stature till they come to glory, 1 Thess. 3:13."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "How does it appear from scripture, that the saints cannot attain perfection in this life?", "answer": "The scripture expressly affirms, that \"in many things they offend all,\" James 3:2; and it records the failings and infirmities of the most eminent of them that ever lived, such as Abraham, Gen. 20:2; Moses, Psalm 106:33; David, 2 Sam. 11:4, 15; Peter, Matt. 26:72, 74; and many others."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Do not the saints themselves ingenuously acknowledge, that they cannot attain perfection while here?", "answer": "Yes; Job 9:20 - \"If I say, I am perfect, it shall also prove me perverse.\" Paul, likewise, Phil. 3:12 - \"Not as though I had already attained, or were already perfect.\""}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "But is it not said that Noah, Gen. 6:9; Hezekiah, Isaiah 38:3; and Job, Job 1:8, were each of them perfect?", "answer": "The perfection ascribed to them, is only comparative; that is, they were more holy and circumspect than many others; but it cannot be understood of absolute perfection, as their sins and blemishes stand also upon record: Noah, for drunkenness, Gen. 9:21; Hezekiah, for ingratitude, 2 Chron. 32:25; and Job, for some degree of impatience under the rod, chap. 3."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "If the saints cannot attain perfection in this life, why is it said, that they do not commit sin? 1 John 3:9 - \"Whosoever is born of God, doth not commit sin.\"", "answer": "The meaning is, they do not take pleasure and delight in sin, nor make a trade of it, as unregenerate persons do, who are therefore called \"the workers of iniquity,\" Psalm 125:5."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Is not the perfection of sincerity attainable by the saints?", "answer": "They may attain to a very high and eminent degree of sincerity in this world, Psalm 18:23; 2 Cor. 1:12; but the absolute perfection of this, or any other grace, is not to be expected by them, till they come to heaven, 1 Cor. 13:12."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Will they not be accepted upon such sincerity as they can attain to, though short of the perfection required in the law?", "answer": "Their acceptance before God is not founded on their sincerity, or any other branch of their sanctification; but solely in their justification, by which the \"righteousness of the law\" is fulfilled in them, in virtue of the surety righteousness imputed to them, Rom. 8:4; and thus they are \"accepted in the Beloved,\" Eph. 1:6."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Since none of mankind are able, in this life, perfectly to keep the commandments of God, how often does the answer say that they break them?", "answer": "It says that they break them daily or continually, Gen. 6:5."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "In what do they daily break them?", "answer": "They do it in thought, word, and deed."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Is there any other possible way of breaking the commandments of God?", "answer": "No; there is no other way of breaking any of them, (as to actual transgression,) than either in our thoughts, words, or deeds; and our doing so, in all these respects, shows the justice of that charge which the Lord has against every one of us, Jer. 3:5 - \"Behold, thou hast spoken and done evil things as thou couldst.\""}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "How do we break the commandments of God in our THOUGHTS?", "answer": "When our thoughts are sinfully employed either with reference to God, ourselves, or our neighbours."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "When are our thoughts sinfully employed about God?", "answer": "When they are entertaining unworthy and unbecoming notions and conceptions of him, Psalm 50:21, and 94:7, such as reflect dishonour upon his perfections and providence, Zeph. 1:12; or such as are inconsistent with the discovery he has made of himself, as being \"in Christ reconciling the world to himself,\" 2 Cor. 5:19."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "When are our thoughts sinfully exercised about ourselves?", "answer": "When they are gratifying our pride, Obadiah ver. 3, ambition, Isaiah 14:13, 14, and self-applause, Rom. 12:3."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "When are they sinfully employed about our neighbours?", "answer": "When they are meditating and indulging envy, Gen. 4:15; reproach, Jer. 20:10; or revenge against them, Gen. 27:41."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What is the aggravating evil and malignity of sinful thoughts?", "answer": "The evil and malignity of them consists in this, that they are the immediate source and spring from whence all our sinful words and deeds flow; \"for out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh,\" Matt. 12:34."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What is the proper remedy and antidote against sinful thoughts?", "answer": "The Spirit's taking the things of Christ, and showing them unto us, John 16:14, by which they will become the subject matter of our meditation and highest esteem: \"for where the treasure is, there will be the heart also,\" Matt. 6:21."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How do men break the commandments of God by their WORDS?", "answer": "When, besides idle and unprofitable words, Matt. 12:36, they utter such as are more directly dishonouring to God, Psalm 73:9, 11, and hurtful and prejudicial to themselves and others, Psalm 140:3."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "How do they break them by their DEEDS?", "answer": "When those sins are committed, which have been conceived in the thought, and uttered by the tongue; being inconceivably more than can be condescended upon, \"for, innumerable evils have compassed us about,\" Psalm 40:12."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What may we learn from man's inability to keep the commandments perfectly in this life?", "answer": "That we must be wholly indebted to the free grace of God, for salvation and eternal life, Titus 3:5, and not to any thing in ourselves, who are, at best, but unprofitable servants, Luke 17:10."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "83", "sort_key": 83, "question": "Are all transgressions of the law equally heinous?", "answer": "Some sins in themselves, and by reason of several aggravations, are more heinous in the sight of God than others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What do you understand by some sins being more heinous than others?", "answer": "That they are more abominable, hateful, and offensive to God than others are, Ezek. 8:6, 13, 15."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Are not all sins hateful, and offensive to God?", "answer": "Yes; but not equally so, Matt. 7:3 - \"Why beholdest thou the MOTE that is in thy brother's eye, but considerest not the BEAM that is in thine own eye?\""}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How does it appear that all sins are not equally offensive to God?", "answer": "From the different degrees of punishment that shall be inflicted in the other world, Matt. 11:22 - \"But I say unto you, it shall be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon in the day of judgment than for you.\" See also Luke 12:47, 48."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "In whose sight are some sins more heinous than others?", "answer": "In the sight of God, who is the best judge of the heinousness of sins, Job 36:9."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "In what respects are some sins more heinous in the sight of God than others?", "answer": "Some are more heinous in themselves, and some are so by reason of several aggravations."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is it for sins to be heinous in themselves?", "answer": "It is to be heinous in their own nature, though no other aggravating circumstances should attend them."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "How are these sins, that are in their own nature more heinous than others, commonly ranked?", "answer": "Sins committed more immediately against God, or the first table of his law, are more heinous in their own nature, than sins committed more immediately against man, or any precept of the second table. Likewise, some sins against the second table, are more heinous in themselves, than other sins against the said table."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What examples are usually given of both these?", "answer": "Blasphemy against God, is more heinous in its own nature, than defaming, or speaking evil of our neighbour, 1 Sam. 2:25; and adultery is more heinous than theft, Proverbs 6:30, to the end of the chapter."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "\"What are those aggravations that make some sins more heinous than others?\"", "answer": "\"Sins receive their aggravation, 1. From the persons offending. 2. From the parties offended. 3. From the nature and quality of the offence. 4. From the circumstances of time and place.\"102"}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "How may the persons OFFENDING be viewed?", "answer": "They may be viewed, either as to their age, gifts, or office."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What aggravation arises from the age of the persons offending?", "answer": "If persons are advanced in years, by which they may be supposed to have more experience, their sins are more highly aggravated than if committed by children, or such as are raw and inexperienced, Job 32:7."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "How are sins aggravated from the gifts of the persons offending?", "answer": "If the offenders have been eminent for their profession, 2 Sam. 12:14, or have had a larger measure of gifts, 1 Kings 11:9, or grace, James 4:17, conferred upon them, their sins will be proportionably aggravated beyond others, who have not been so privileged."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "How are sins aggravated from the office, or station, in which persons offending may be placed?", "answer": "If the persons who give the offence be in an eminent station in the world, or vested with any office in the church, Jer. 23:11, 14, or in the state, 1 Kings 14:16; their sins cannot but be of a deeper tincture and dye, because their example is more likely to be followed by others, Jer. 23:14."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "How do sins receive their aggravation from the parties OFFENDED?", "answer": "If committed \"immediately against God, his attributes and worship; against Christ and his grace; against the Holy Spirit, his witness and working; against superiors, and such as we stand especially related and engaged unto; against any of the saints, particularly weak brethren: - and the common good of all, or many.\"103"}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "On what account is sin aggravated as being committed immediately against God, his attributes and worship?", "answer": "In as much as it is doing evil in his sight, Psalm 51:4; is despising \"the riches of his goodness,\" Rom. 2:4; and undervaluing his ordinances, Mal. 1:8, and the glory he has stamped upon them, verse 14."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "In what consists the heinousness of sin, as being against Christ and his grace?", "answer": "In its being a slighting and contemning the only remedy which infinite wisdom has provided for our malady, Acts 4:12; and surely there can be no escape, if we \"neglect so great salvation,\" Heb. 2:3."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How is sin aggravated by its being committed against the Holy Spirit, his witness and working?", "answer": "In as much as it is a rejection of his testimony without us, in the word, John 15:26, and a quenching his motions and operations within us, 1 Thess. 5:19."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What aggravation does sin receive, as being committed against superiors, and such as we stand especially related and engaged to?", "answer": "In so far as sin is committed against any of these, it is a violation of the most sacred bonds, both of nature, Proverbs 30:17, and gratitude, Psalm 55:12, 13."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "How is it aggravated, as being committed against the saints, particularly weak brethren?", "answer": "As being committed against the saints, it is a contempt of the image of God in them, Luke 10:16; and as against weak brethren, it is laying a stumbling-block before them, by which they may be ensnared and fall, 1 Cor. 8:12."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Who are they that sin against the common good of all men, or many of them?", "answer": "They are such as do what in them lies to hinder the propagation of the gospel where it is not, and to mar the success of it where it is, 1 Thess. 2:15, 16; there being nothing that tends more to the common good of all men, than the word of this salvation being sent among them, Acts 13:26."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What is the aggravation of this sin?", "answer": "It makes those who are guilty of it bear the nearest resemblance they can to the devil, who aims at nothing more than the ruin and destruction of mankind, 1 Pet. 5:8."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "How are sins aggravated from the NATURE and QUALITY of the offence?", "answer": "They are much aggravated, \"if the offence be against the express letter of the law; break many commandments; - if it break forth in words and actions; - admit of no reparation; - if against conviction of conscience; - if done deliberately obstinately, and with delight.\"104"}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Why is the offence said to be aggravated from being committed against the express letter of the law?", "answer": "Because in this case there can remain no manner of doubt about the sinfulness of the action; and therefore it must be sinning with the greatest boldness and presumption, Rom. 1:32."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What aggravation is there in breaking many commandments at once?", "answer": "The sin thus becomes a Complicated offence, containing many crimes in the bosom of it; like David's sin in the matter of Uriah, 2 Sam. 12:9."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "How is sin aggravated by breaking forth in words and actions?", "answer": "Sinful words and actions reflect a more public dishonour on God, Matt. 5:22, and do greater injury to men, Micah. 2:1, than if they were latent only in the thought."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What aggravation is there in those sins which admit of no reparation?", "answer": "Their admitting of no reparation, cannot fail to aggravate them in the very nature of things; thus murder or adultery cannot but be more heinous than theft, because there may be restitution of one kind or other for theft, Lev. 6:4, 5; but nothing can compensate the taking away of the life of another, Num. 35:31 or the violation of the marriage-bed and covenant, Proverbs 6:35."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What is the aggravation of sinning, against convictions of conscience?", "answer": "This kind of sinning offers violence to ourselves, contrary to the checks of that judge and reprover which every one has in his own breast, Rom. 1:32."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What is the evil of sinning deliberately, obstinately, and with delight?", "answer": "It argues the giving a kind of defiance to the Almighty, Ex. 5:2; a rooted hatred of him, Rom. 8:7; and is a strong evidence of judicial blindness and hardness of heart, Zech. 7:11, 12."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What aggravation do sins receive from the circumstance of TIME?", "answer": "They are more heinous if committed on the Lord's day, Jer. 17:27, or on days occasionally set apart for fasting or thanksgiving, Isaiah 22:12, 13, than at other times."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "How are sins aggravated from the circumstance of the PLACE in which they are committed?", "answer": "An offence is more heinous, if it be done in a land of gospel light, Isaiah 26:10; or if committed \"in public, or in the presence of others, who are thereby likely to be provoked or defiled, 2 Sam. 16:22.\"105"}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What improvement should we make of this doctrine of sin in its aggravations?", "answer": "To be more humbled and abased before the Lord, under a sense of our sins thus aggravated, Ezra 9:6; and likewise so much the more to admire the riches of pardoning mercy, as extended to the very chief of sinners, 1 Tim. 1:13, 15."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "84", "sort_key": 84, "question": "What doth every sin deserve?", "answer": "Every sin deserves God's wrath and curse, both in this life, and that which is to come.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What do you understand by the desert or demerit of sin?", "answer": "It is that in the nature of sin, which of itself deserves all that wrath and curse, which God, in his infinite justice, has entailed upon it, Gal. 3:10."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is it in the nature of sin, which, of itself, deserves this wrath and curse?", "answer": "It is the opposition, and contrariety of it to the holiness of God expressed in his law, Hab. 1:13; which is the very thing that constitutes the enormity, or heinousness of it, Jer. 44:4."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Can wrath be ascribed to God as it is a passion?", "answer": "No; for all passions, properly speaking, are inconsistent with God's absolute unchangeableness, Mal. 3:6, and independency, Acts 14:15."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What then is to be understood by God's wrath?", "answer": "That most pure and undisturbed act of his will, which produces most dreadful effects against the sinner, Isaiah 33:14."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What are these dreadful effects, which the wrath of God produces against the sinner?", "answer": "All the miseries of this life, death itself, and the pains of hell for ever.106"}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Is the desert of sin separable from the nature of it?", "answer": "No; as sin is the very opposite of God's holy nature and righteous law, it cannot but deserve his wrath and curse, Rom. 6:23."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "If every sin deserves God's wrath and curse, must not the sins of believers deserve the same likewise?", "answer": "Whatever be the desert of their sin, their persons can never be exposed, or liable to God's vindictive wrath, either in this life, or that which is to come, Zeph. 3:17; Hos. 13:14."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Why cannot the persons of believers be liable to the wrath and curse of God?", "answer": "Because of their union with Christ, Rom. 8:1, who has fulfilled all righteousness for them, ver. 33, 34; or answered all the demands of law and justice in their room and stead, chap. 4:25."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What do the Papists mean by venial sins?", "answer": "Such sins as are in their own nature so small and trivial, that they do not deserve eternal punishment."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Are there any sins in this sense venial?", "answer": "By no means; for the least sin, being committed against a God of infinite perfection, must, on that account, be objectively infinite, and consequently deserve an infinite punishment, 2 Thess. 1:9."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "May not smaller offences be atoned for, by human satisfaction or penances?", "answer": "\"Even the least sin - cannot be expiated, but by the blood of Christ,\" Heb. 9:22; 1 Pet. 1:18, 19.107"}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What may we learn from the desert of sin?", "answer": "The amazing love of God, in transferring the guilt and punishment of sin, to the glorious Surety, making \"him to be sin for us, who knew no sin, that we might be made the righteousness of God in him,\" 2 Cor. 5:21."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "85", "sort_key": 85, "question": "What doth God require of us that we may escape his wrath and curse, due to us for sin?", "answer": "To escape the wrath and curse of God, due to us: for sin, God requireth of us faith in Jesus Christ, repentance unto life, with the diligent use of all the outward means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What weighty argument or motive (among many others,) does the scripture afford, for essaying the practice of what God requires of us?", "answer": "That though we are enjoined, to work out our own salvation with fear and trembling; yet, we are at the same time assured, that \"it is God which worketh in us, both to will and to do, of his good pleasure,\" Phil. 2:12, 13."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Does God require any thing of us in point of duty, without promising suitable furniture, for the performance of it?", "answer": "No; for he has said, \"I will cause you to walk in my statutes, and ye shall keep my judgments, and do them,\" Ezek. 36:27."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Can we escape the wrath and curse of God, due to us for sin, by any thing we can do of ourselves?", "answer": "No, surely; for \"all our righteousnesses are as filthy rags,\" Isaiah 64:6; and, \"by the works of the law, shall no flesh be justified,\" Gal. 2:16."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Why then does the answer say, that to escape the wrath and curse of God, due to us for sin, God requires of us, faith in Jesus Christ, repentance unto life, and a diligent use of all the outward means?", "answer": "Because, though these duties, as performed by us, can neither give a title to, nor possession of eternal life; yet God appoints and requires them, both as they are MEANS of conveying and improving the salvation purchased, 1 Cor. 1:21, and likewise, as they are EVIDENCES of our interest in it, when conveyed, John 6:47."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Why does God require faith in Jesus Christ as the sovereign means of escaping his wrath and curse?", "answer": "Because there is salvation in no other; there being \"none other name under heaven, given among men, whereby we must be saved,\" Acts 4:12."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What encouragement have we to essay believing in Jesus Christ?", "answer": "There cannot be a greater encouragement than this, that faith \"is the gift of God,\" Eph; 2:8; and accordingly the promise runs, \"I will say, It is my people, and they shall say, The Lord is my God,\" Zech. 13:9."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Why is repentance unto life required?", "answer": "Because it is the inseparable fruit and effect of faith or believing, Zech. 12:10 - \"They shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him.\""}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What encouragement have sinners of mankind, privileged with gospel light, to look for, or expect this blessing of repentance unto life, which God requires of them?", "answer": "They are warranted to expect it on this ground, that as Christ has \"received gifts for men,\" Psalm 68:18, so \"him hath God exalted with his right hand to be a Prince and a Saviour, to give repentance to Israel,\" Acts 5:31."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Why does God require of us the diligent use of all the outward means whereby Christ communicates to us the benefits of redemption?", "answer": "Because a neglect or contempt of the means of divine appointment, for communicating the benefits of redemption, is, in the sight of God, the same thing as a neglect or contempt of these inestimable benefits themselves, Luke 10:16 - \"He that despiseth you, despiseth me; and he that despiseth me, despiseth him that sent me.\""}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Can our believing, repenting, and diligent use of means, as they are acts of ours, be the procuring cause of our escaping wrath, or found our title to life and salvation?", "answer": "No; for, \"by the deeds of the law, there shall no flesh be justified in his sight,\" Rom. 3:20. Our security from wrath and title to heaven, are founded on the imputation of the surety righteousness alone, Isaiah 45:25."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What would be the consequence of making our faith, repentance, and good works, the procuring cause of our escaping the wrath and curse of God due to us for sin?", "answer": "This would be setting aside the satisfaction of Christ, and making a saviour of our duties, than which nothing could nail us more effectually down under the curse, Gal. 3:10 - \"As many as are of the works of the law, are under the curse.\""}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Have unbelieving and impenitent sinners any warrant to conclude, that they have escaped the wrath and curse of God, due to them for sin?", "answer": "No, surely; for \"he that believeth not, is condemned already,\" John 3:18; and our Lord says, \"Except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish,\" Luke 13:3."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Is our escaping the wrath and curse of God suspended on the condition of our faith, repentance, and diligent use of the outward means?", "answer": "No; for, if any promised blessing were suspended upon the condition of our personal obedience, it would be the very form of the covenant of works, Rom. 10:5 - \"Moses describeth the righteousness which is of the law, that the man which doth these things, shall live by them.\""}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "When do carnal and unregenerate men turn the dispensation of the covenant of grace into the form of the covenant of works?", "answer": "When they separate the duties of faith, repentance, and the diligent use of the means, from the promises of the Covenant, and hope to make themselves accepted with God by their personal performance of these duties, Rom. 10:3."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What CONNEXION have faith, repentance, and the use of outward means, with salvation?", "answer": "They have the connexion of APPOINTED MEANS prescribed by God himself, which, by his blessing, are subservient for such a valuable end; being themselves a part of salvation, and evidences of it, 2 Thess. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "How are the means of salvation usually distinguished?", "answer": "Into internal and external."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What are the internal means?", "answer": "Faith and repentance, with the other graces that accompany or flow from them."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Why called internal, or inward?", "answer": "Because they are wrought in the hearts of the elect, by the Spirit of God, as the fruits and effects of Christ's purchase and mediation, Zech. 12:10."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What are the external or outward means?", "answer": "They are the ordinances of Divine institution, and appointment; such as, the word, sacraments, and prayer."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "How is faith in Jesus Christ connected with salvation?", "answer": "As it is the hand that receives Christ and his righteousness, as the all of our salvation, Psalm 68:31; John. 1:12."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "How is repentance unto life connected with salvation?", "answer": "As it consists in that godly sorrow for sin, flowing from faith, which is both the exercise and ornament (in some measure) of all the travellers Zion-ward, while in this world, Jer. 50:4; 2 Cor. 7:11."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "How is the diligent use of outward means connected with salvation?", "answer": "As it is by them that Christ communicates to us the benefits of redemption, Proverbs 2:1-16."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Could he not communicate the benefits of redemption, without the outward means?", "answer": "Whatever he could do, yet his ordinary method is to honour his own ordinances, as the means of communicating these benefits to us, which we are not to expect but in the use of them, Proverbs 8:34; Rom. 10:17."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What USE does God require us to make of the outward means?", "answer": "He requires us to make a diligent use of them."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What is a diligent use of the outward means?", "answer": "It is an embracing every opportunity offered in providence, for attending upon God in them, looking earnestly for his blessing upon them, by which alone they become efficacious for our spiritual benefit, 1 Cor. 3:6, 7."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "86", "sort_key": 86, "question": "What is faith in Jesus Christ?", "answer": "Faith in Jesus Christ is a saving grace, whereby we receive and rest upon him alone for salvation, as he is offered to us in the gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What are the several kinds of faith mentioned in scripture?", "answer": "They are these four: historical, temporary, the faith of miracles, and saving faith."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is historical faith?", "answer": "It is a bare assent to the truth of what is revealed in the word, without any real affection or regard to the things revealed in it. Such a faith as this may be found in devils, James 2:19; and in wicked men, Acts 8:13."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Why called historical?", "answer": "Not merely because it believes only the histories of the Bible; but because it assents to the truths revealed in it, as being little or no way concerned in them, or without any particular application of them to the soul, Acts 28:26."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is temporary faith?", "answer": "It is such as, together with an assent to the truth of divine revelation, is also accompanied with some slight and transient motion upon the affections; which may endure for awhile, and then vanishes, Matt. 13:20, 21."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Has this kind of faith any influence upon the practice?", "answer": "It may be, for a time, accompanied with an external reformation from some grosser sins, 2 Pet. 2:20."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the faith of miracles?", "answer": "It is that peculiar gift, by which a person believes, that, by the power of God, something shall be effected by him which is quite above the power of all natural causes, 1 Cor. 13:2."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "On what occasion has God bestowed upon any this faith?", "answer": "For the confirmation of some extraordinary mission, or of some important article of revealed religion; as the miracles of Moses under the Old Testament; and of the apostles under the New."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Was not the faith of miracles, in the days of our Saviour and his apostles, conferred upon some who were not in a state of salvation?", "answer": "Yes; both the extraordinary gift of the faith of miracles, and the ordinary and common gifts of the Spirit, were conferred upon some, who, we are assured, will be utterly rejected of God, Matt. 7:22, 23 - \"Many will say unto me in that day, Lord, Lord, have we not PROPHESIED in thy name? and in thy name have CAST OUT DEVILS? and in thy name done many WONDERFUL WORKS? And then will I profess unto them, I never KNEW you: depart from me, ye that work iniquity.\""}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is saving and justifying faith?", "answer": "It is that faith in Jesus Christ, which is described in the answer, \"whereby we receive and rest upon him alone for salvation,\" &c."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Why is this faith, described in the answer, called a grace?", "answer": "Because it is the gift of God, freely bestowed upon the sinner, Eph. 2:8, who has no antecedent worth, value, or good qualification, of which he can boast, 1 Cor. 4:7."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Why a saving grace?", "answer": "Because wherever true faith is, there salvation is already begun, which shall certainly be consummated in due time, John 3:36."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Where is the connexion established between faith and salvation?", "answer": "Faith being the gifted hand that is stretched out to receive Christ in the promise, Psalm 68:31, cannot but be inseparably connected with salvation; because Christ, whom faith receives, is the ALL of our salvation, Col. 3:11: hence is that promise, Mark 16:16 - \"He that believeth - shall be saved.\""}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Why is it called faith in Jesus Christ?", "answer": "Because Christ is the main, or principal object of saving faith, Acts 16:31."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Why do you call him the main or principal object of faith?", "answer": "Because nothing can fill the eye or hand of faith, but Christ only, or God in him, Psalm 73:25."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How is faith in Jesus Christ denominated in the answer?", "answer": "It is called a receiving, John 1:12, and resting on him, Psalm 37:7."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Are there not other denominations of faith in Christ of the same divine authority with those mentioned?", "answer": "Yes; such as eating, drinking, flying, entering, and many others."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "From whence are these various denominations of faith derived?", "answer": "From the different views in which Christ is represented in the word."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "How may the above denominations of faith be applied to the different views in which Christ is represented in the word?", "answer": "When the flesh and blood of Christ (or his incarnation and satisfaction) are exhibited as meat indeed, and drink indeed; faith, in conformity to this, is called eating and drinking of the same, John 6:55, 56; when Christ is held forth as a refuge, faith is a flying to him for safety, Heb. 6:18; and when he is represented as a door, faith is an entering in by him, John 10:9."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Why is faith, in the answer, expressed by receiving?", "answer": "Because Christ, the glorious object of it, is revealed in scripture, under the notion of a gift, 2 Cor; 9:15, presented to such as are quite poor, and have nothing of their own, Rev. 3:17, 18."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Can there be a receiving of Christ, without a previous giving of him?", "answer": "No; there may indeed be a giving, where there is no receiving, because the gift may be refused; but there can be no such thing as a receiving of Christ, without a giving of him before; for \"a man can receive nothing except it be given him from heaven,\" John 3:27."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Why is faith called a resting on Christ?", "answer": "Because he is revealed in the word as a firm foundation, Isaiah 28:16, on which we may lay the weight of our everlasting concerns, with the greatest confidence and satisfaction, Psalm 116:7."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "To what other scripture expression is resting on Christ equivalent?", "answer": "It is the same with TRUSTING in him, Isaiah 26:4; or relying on his righteousness and fulness, as laid out in the word, for our unanswerable plea, and inexhaustible treasure, chap. 45:24."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "For what end do we receive Christ and rest upon him?", "answer": "For salvation, Acts 15:11."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What is the salvation for which we receive and rest upon Christ?", "answer": "It is salvation from sin, Matt. 1:21, as well as from wrath, 1 Thess. 1:10; consisting in a life of holiness here, as well as of happiness hereafter. It is salvation begun in this life, and consummated in glory, Rev. 3:21."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Why are we said to receive and rest upon Christ alone for this salvation?", "answer": "To exclude every thing else except Christ himself, and his righteousness, as the ground of our confidence before God, and title to eternal life, Acts 4:12."}, {"item_id": "56", "question": "What else do men ordinarily rest upon for salvation?", "answer": "Upon the general mercy of God; the works of the law; or a mixture of their own works with the righteousness of Christ."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "Who are they that rest on the general mercy of God?", "answer": "They who never saw the necessity of a satisfaction to law and justice, in order to the honourable exercise of mercy, according to Ex. 34:7."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "Who are they who rest on the works of the law, as the ground of their confidence?", "answer": "Such as have never been convinced that the demands of the law are utterly above their reach, Gal. 3:12."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "Who are they that are for blending or mixing their own works with the righteousness of Christ, as the ground of their hope?", "answer": "Such as foolishly imagine they can supply what is defective in their own obedience, by what Christ has done for them, Rom. 9:31, 32."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "To what does our Lord resemble this practice?", "answer": "To the putting \"a piece of new cloth into an old garment,\" by which \"the rent is made worse,\" Matt. 9:16."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "Are not the very expressions of receiving and resting on Christ, designed to exclude the works of the law, from being any part of the ground of our hope of salvation?", "answer": "Yes; for, when a poor man receives his alms, or a weary man sits down, and rests himself; neither of them can, in any propriety of speech, be said to work."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "Upon what warrant do we receive and rest upon him for salvation?", "answer": "Upon the warrant of his being offered."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "To whom is he offered?", "answer": "He is offered to us, men and women of Adam's family, in contradistinction to the angels that fell, Heb. 2:16."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "Where is the offer made?", "answer": "In the gospel."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What is the gospel as containing this offer.", "answer": "It is good tidings, Luke 2:10; or the promise of eternal life, 1 John 2:25, to sinners of mankind, as such, through Jesus Christ our Lord, Proverbs 8:4."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "Though the offer of Christ to us be last mentioned, in the answer, yet is it not the first thing to Be believed?", "answer": "Surely it is; for unless one believe that Christ is offered to him as a Saviour, he will never receive and rest upon him for salvation, Rom. 10:14."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "Who offers Christ to us in the gospel?", "answer": "God, essentially considered in the person of the Father, makes the original or authentic gospel offer of him, John 6:32 - \"My Father GIVETH you the true bread from heaven.\""}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "In what form or tenor does this authentic offer run?", "answer": "In the form of a deed of gift, or grant, in which he makes over his Son, Jesus Christ, to mankind lost, that whosoever of them all shall receive this gift, shall not perish, but have eternal life."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "In what text of scripture (amongst others) is this grant, or authentic gospel offer, contained?", "answer": "It is expressed in so many words, John 3:16 - \"God so loved the world, that he GAVE his only begotten Son, that WHOSOEVER believeth on him should not perish, but have everlasting life.\""}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "Who are they that offer Christ to sinners in subordination to God?", "answer": "Ministers of the gospel, who have a commission from him so to do, 2 Cor. 5:19, 20."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "What is the ministerial offer?", "answer": "It is the publishing or proclaiming of Heaven's gift, or grant, to sinners of mankind, without exception, as the foundation of their faith or warrant to believe, 1 John 5:11."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "What would be the consequence, if there were any exception in the authentic gospel offer?", "answer": "The consequence would be, that no ministerial offer of Christ could be made to the party excepted, more than to the fallen angels."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "Does the universality of Heaven's grant, and of the ministerial offer founded on it, infer a universal redemption as to purchase?", "answer": "By no means; it only infers a universal warrant to believe."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "How do you prove that it infers a universal warrant to believe?", "answer": "From this, that if there were not such a gift and grant of Christ as warranted all to receive him, the unbelieving world could not be condemned for rejecting him, as we find they are, John 3:18 - \"He that believeth not is condemned already.\""}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "Is there any analogy, or proportion, between our receiving and resting on Christ, and the offer that is made of him in the gospel?", "answer": "Yes; we receive and rest upon him as he is offered in it, 1 Cor. 15:11 - \"So we preach, and so ye believed.\""}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "How is he offered in the gospel?", "answer": "He is offered freely, wholly, and particularly."}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "How do you prove, that he is offered, and should be received freely?", "answer": "From Isaiah 55:1 - \"Ho, every one that thirsteth, come ye to the waters, and he that hath no money; come ye buy and eat; yea, come, buy wine and milk, without money and without price;\" Rev. 22:17 - \"Whosoever will, let him take the water of life FREELY.\""}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "Why is Christ to be received freely?", "answer": "Because God, out of his sovereign and matchless love, makes a free gift of him to mankind sinners, John 3:16, as being infinitely above all price, Job 28:13-24."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "What do the proud and legal hearts of sinners bring as a price for Christ, who is absolutely inestimable?", "answer": "Their duties, their good qualifications, their honest aims, their sincere endeavours, and the like."}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "Why do they presume to bring such things as these?", "answer": "Because they know not that they are \"wretched, and miserable, and poor, and blind, and naked,\" Rev. 3:17."}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "What is it to receive Christ wholly?", "answer": "It is to receive him in his person, as vested with all his relative offices, of prophet, priest, and king."}, {"item_id": "52", "question": "Why must he be received wholly?", "answer": "Because there is nothing of Christ we can possibly do without: standing in absolute need of him, as a prophet for instruction; as a priest, for righteousness; and as a king, for sanctification, 1 Cor. 1:30."}, {"item_id": "53", "question": "What is it for a person to receive Christ particularly?", "answer": "It is to be verily persuaded that Christ is his, upon the grant and offer of him, in the word, to him in particular, John 7:37, and 9:36."}, {"item_id": "54", "question": "Is it not sufficient that a man believe, that the grant and offer of Christ is to sinners of mankind in general?", "answer": "No; there can be no benefit by a belief of the general offer, without a particular application, or appropriation of it to the person himself, 1 Tim. 1:15."}, {"item_id": "55", "question": "How is this illustrated by an example?", "answer": "It is commonly illustrated thus: If a king makes a proclamation of pardon and indemnity to all the rebels within his kingdom, it is plain, that every individual rebel must either believe the pardon of his own crime of rebellion in particular, or else reject the king's proclamation of grace, and continue in his rebellious practices: there is no medium."}, {"item_id": "56", "question": "Is not believing that an indemnity is offered to rebels in general, a medium between the two?", "answer": "No; because loyal subjects, who need no pardon, may believe that a general indemnity is offered to rebels; and this even rebels themselves may believe, who yet may reject the benefit of that indemnity, and continue in their rebellion, John 5:40."}, {"item_id": "57", "question": "Is a belief and persuasion of the mercy of God in Christ, and of Christ's ability and willingness to save all that come to him, all that is necessary to constitute justifying faith?", "answer": "No; because there being no appropriation, or particular application in this persuasion, it can be no more than such a faith as devils and reprobates may have; or such as Papists and Arminians may subscribe to, consistently with their other errors and heresies."}, {"item_id": "58", "question": "What is that appropriating persuasion, in the nature of faith, which is necessary to answer the call and offer of the gospel?", "answer": "It is not a persuasion that Christ is mine in possession, or that I am already in a state of grace: but a persuasion that Christ is mine in the gift of God, and offer of the gospel, Zech. 13:9 - \"I will say, It is my people; and they shall say, The Lord is my God\": and therefore I appropriate to myself the common salvation, Acts 15:11; or what did lie before me in common, in the gospel offer, I take home to my own soul in particular, Gal. 2:20 - \"Who loved me, and gave himself for me\"believing that I shall have life and salvation by Christ; and that whatever he did, for the redemption of sinners, he did it for me."}, {"item_id": "59", "question": "Why is an appropriating persuasion (or, a man's being persuaded that Christ is his in particular) necessary to the nature of saving and justifying faith?", "answer": "Because nothing can relieve the sinner from the curse of the law, accusing and condemning him in particular, but faith's application of an offered Saviour, as \"made a curse\" for him in particular, to deliver him from that 'law-curse,' Gal. 3:10, 13."}, {"item_id": "60", "question": "How do you prove, that a particular application of Christ is the effectual relief from the curse of the law, denounced against the sinner in particular?", "answer": "From this, that the free gift is as full to justification, as the offence, through the law, was to condemnation; for, \"as by the offence of one, judgment came upon all men to condemnation; even so, by the righteousness of one, the free gift came upon all men to justification of life,\" Rom. 5:18."}, {"item_id": "61", "question": "Since an appropriating persuasion is necessary to the nature of faith, has every one that has true faith, always an assurance of his being in a gracious state?", "answer": "No; for though a believer be persuaded that Christ is his in the promise and offer of the gospel: yet, through the prevalency of remaining corruption, he may frequently doubt of his being in a state of grace, or of his present title to eternal life, Isaiah 49:14."}, {"item_id": "62", "question": "Is doubting, then, in the nature of faith, because it is incident to the believer?", "answer": "Doubting can no more be said to be in the nature of faith because, through the prevalence of unbelief and corruption, it sometimes takes place in the believer, than darkness can be said to be in the nature of the sun, because it is sometimes eclipsed; for faith and doubting are, in their own nature, opposite, Matt. 21:21 - \"If ye have faith, and doubt not.\""}, {"item_id": "63", "question": "Have all true believers the same measure of saving faith?", "answer": "No; some are but \"of little faith,\" Matt. 14:31; whereas others are \"strong in faith; giving glory to God,\" Rom. 4:20. Howbeit the lowest measure of true and saving faith is infallibly connected with glory, Matt. 12:20."}, {"item_id": "64", "question": "What are the evidences of a strong faith?", "answer": "Trusting to the bare word of a faithful and powerful God, even when the outward course of providence seems to run against the performance of the promise, Rom. 4:19; a fixed resolution to wait on the Lord, for the promised good which we want, even after seeming repulses and refusals, Matt. 15:22-29; and a sedate reposing ourselves on an unchangeable God, under all the vicissitudes of time, Psalm 112:7."}, {"item_id": "65", "question": "How may the weakness of faith be discerned?", "answer": "The more easily a person can suspect the love and favour of God, Isaiah 40:27; the more impatient under delays of answering requests, chap. 38:14; and the more addicted to a life of sense, John 20:25, the weaker is the faith."}, {"item_id": "66", "question": "How may the truth and reality of saving faith be known, though it be in the weakest and lowest degree?", "answer": "If we bear an inward enmity to all sins, because offensive to God, Psalm 51:4; if we can say, that it is the desire of our souls to love Christ above all things, John 21:17; and to be eternal debtors to free grace, reigning through his righteousness, Rom. 5:20, 21; then we may warrantably conclude, that our faith, however weak, is yet of a saving nature."}, {"item_id": "67", "question": "To what is true faith opposed in scripture?", "answer": "It is opposed to a staggering at the promise, Rom. 4:20; to wavering, James 1:6; to doubting, Matt. 21:21; and, in a word, to unbelief, Mark 9:24."}, {"item_id": "68", "question": "Who are they who will not be charged with the sin of unbelief?", "answer": "The Heathen world, who are not privileged with the light of gospel-revelation, Rom. 10:14 - \"How shall they believe in him of whom they have not heard?\""}, {"item_id": "69", "question": "What is the evil of this sin in those who are favoured with gospel light?", "answer": "It makes God a liar, 1 John 5:10; treads \"under foot the Son of God;\" and does \"despite unto the Spirit of grace,\" Heb. 10:29."}, {"item_id": "70", "question": "What is the proper seat of faith?", "answer": "The HEART \"for with the HEART man believeth unto righteousness,\" Rom. 10:10; though faith be radically in the understanding, yet it operates upon the will, which embraces the object with particular application, Heb. 11:13."}, {"item_id": "71", "question": "Is knowledge necessary to saving faith?", "answer": "It is so necessary that there can be no saving faith without it, 1 John 4:16 - \"We have KNOWN and believed the love that God hath to us.\""}, {"item_id": "72", "question": "What is the difference between the knowledge of faith, and speculative knowledge?", "answer": "The knowledge of faith is humbling, 1 Cor. 8:2; transforming, Acts 26:18; affectionate, 1 John 4:8; and progressive, Hos. 6:3; whereas, common or speculative knowledge has none of these properties, nor effects."}, {"item_id": "73", "question": "In what consists the harmony or agreement between faith, love and hopes?", "answer": "By faith, we get a sight of an unseen good, and believe it, Heb. 11:27; by love we desire and seek after it, Isaiah 26:8; and by hope, we confidently expect, and patiently wait for it, Rom. 8:25."}, {"item_id": "74", "question": "How does faith view and consider its objects?", "answer": "It views them, as certain, suitable, and invisible."}, {"item_id": "75", "question": "Why does it view them as certain?", "answer": "Because of the unquestionable veracity of God who reveals them, John 6:69 - \"We believe, and are SURE, that thou art that Christ, the Son of the living God.\""}, {"item_id": "76", "question": "Why does it consider them as suitable?", "answer": "Because they are exactly adapted to the state and circumstance of the soul, whatever they are, 1 Cor. 1:30; 1 Tim. 1:15."}, {"item_id": "77", "question": "Why does faith view its objects as invisibles?", "answer": "Because it acts and goes forth toward them, upon the bare testimony of God; not only without the concurrence of sense and carnal reason, John 20:29, but oftentimes contrary to them, Rom. 4:18, 19."}, {"item_id": "78", "question": "Is faith any part of our justifying righteousness?", "answer": "No; we acknowledge no other righteousness, for pardon and acceptance, but the righteousness of Christ alone, Phil, 3:9."}, {"item_id": "79", "question": "Why then are we said to be \"justified by faith\"? Rom. 5:1.", "answer": "Because it is faith which lays hold upon, and receives that righteousness by which we are justified, Rom 3:22."}, {"item_id": "80", "question": "Is not faith necessary to interest us in Christ, and the benefits of his purchase?", "answer": "Yes; for though the endorsement of the promise to us, gives us a right of access, Acts 2:39; yet it is faith, that gives the right of possession, John 6:47 - \"He that believeth on me HATH everlasting life.\""}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "87", "sort_key": 87, "question": "What is repentance unto life?", "answer": "Repentance unto life is a saving grace, whereby a sinner, out of a true sense of his sin, and apprehension of the mercy of God in Christ, doth, with grief and hatred of his sin, turn from it unto God, with full purpose of, and endeavour after, new obedience.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Why is the repentance, described in the answer called repentance unto life? Acts 11:18.", "answer": "Because being a saving grace, it is inseparably connected with salvation, of which it is a part; and likewise to distinguish it from the \"sorrow of the world,\" which \"worketh death,\" 2 Cor. 7:10."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is meant by the sorrow of the world working death?", "answer": "The meaning is, that the legal sorrow, or horror of conscience, which the men of the world may have, from a dread of God, as a vindictive judge, ready to pour out the vials of his wrath and vengeance upon them, without any conception or belief of his mercy through Christ, is nothing else but the beginning of eternal death, and inconceivable misery; as was the case with Cain, Judas, and others."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Whether is repentance a transient action or an abiding principle?", "answer": "It is an abiding principle, continually disposing the person to mourn for sin, and to turn from it all the days of his life, Isaiah 38:14, 15."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Is repentance then to be considered as a thing that is over with the first days of one's religion?", "answer": "No; but it is to be viewed as a permanent grace, an habitual frame of soul, inclining those who are privileged with it, to mourn daily for sin, till \"God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes,\" in heaven, Rev. 21:4."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Who is the proper subject of repentance?", "answer": "None but a sinner can be the subject capable of it: for just or righteous persons \"need no repentance,\" Luke 15:7."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "By whom is it wrought in the heart of a sinner?", "answer": "\"By the Spirit of God,\" Zech. 12:10.\"108"}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is the instrument or means, by which the Spirit works this grace?", "answer": "\"The word of God,\" Acts, 11:18, 20, 21.\"109"}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the instrumentality of the word, in the hand of the Spirit, for working repentance?", "answer": "In the word there is a display of the holiness of the divine nature and law, to which we ought to be conformed, Lev. 19:2; the word also discovers the necessity of union with Christ, and the imputation of his righteousness, as the foundation of true holiness, 1 Cor. 1:30; together with the inevitable ruin of all who go on in their trespasses, Psalm 68:21, and all these powerfully set home, by the Spirit, upon the conscience of the sinner."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "In what consists a true sense of sin?110", "answer": "In a \"sight and sense, not only of the danger, but also of the filthiness and odiousness of sin, Ezek. 36:31,\"111 as contrary to the holiness of God, and, consequently, as highly offensive to him, Psalm 51:4."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "How is a true sense of sin begotten in the soul?", "answer": "By faith, or an apprehension of the mercy of God in Christ."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "May there not be a sense of sin without this apprehension of the mercy of God in Christ?", "answer": "Yes; but not a true sense; there may be a sense of sin as hurtful to the person, Gen. 4:13; but not as hateful to God, Hab. 1:13."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Why is the mercy of God said to be apprehended in Christ?", "answer": "Because though God is essentially merciful, yet his mercy can have no egress towards any sinner of mankind, consistent with the honour of his justice and holiness, except through the obedience and satisfaction of Christ, Ex. 34:6, 7."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is it to APPREHEND the mercy of God in Christ?", "answer": "It is the same with faith, or believing; it being by faith only, that we can lay hold upon his mercy, Psalm 13:5."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Is it from faith then that repentance flows, as the proper source of it?", "answer": "Yes; for though faith and repentance are graces given together, and at once in respect of time; yet, in the order of nature, the acting of faith goes before the exercise of repentance, Zech. 12:10."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How does it appear, from scripture, that faith goes before repentance, in the order of nature?", "answer": "The scriptures set forth the blessed object of faith, and the promises of rich grace, as powerful motives and inducements to repentance, Jer. 3:14; Joel 2:13; by which it is evident that it must be by a believing application of this glorious object, brought nigh in the promise, that a sinner is enabled to exercise true repentance, Acts 11:21 - \"And a great number believed, and turned unto the Lord.\""}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "How may the precedency of faith be evinced from the nature of repentance itself?", "answer": "Repentance is turning from sin unto God; but there can be no turning to God, but through Christ, John 14:6; and no coming to Christ except by faith, chap. 6:35."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Is not repentance placed before faith in scripture, Mark 1:15 - \"Repent ye, and believe the gospel\"?", "answer": "The reason is, repentance being the end, and faith the means to that end; though the end be first in one's intention, yet the means are first in practice. Thus, in the text quoted, Christ commands sinners to repent; but then in order to their repenting, he commands them to believe the gospel, as the only way to do it."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "How are we sure, that where repentance is named before faith in scripture, it is to be understood of repentance as the end, and of faith as the only way and means?", "answer": "From Acts 20:21:\"Testifying - repentance toward God, and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ\" where it is obvious, that if \"faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ\" is not the \"means of repentance toward God,\" that fundamental truth would be destroyed, that \"Christ is the only way to the Father,\" as he himself affirms, John 14:6 - \"No man cometh unto the Father but by me.\""}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Is repentance to be separated from faith?", "answer": "No; though these graces are to be distinguished, yet they are never to be separated from one another; being conjoined in the same promise, Zech. 12:10 - \"They shall LOOK upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall MOURN for him.\""}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What is the evil of maintaining that none but true penitents have a warrant to embrace Christ by faith?", "answer": "It sets sinners upon spinning repentance out of their own bowels, that they may fetch it with them, as a price in their hand to Christ, instead of coming to him by faith, to obtain it from him, as his gift, Acts 5:31."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What are the constituent parts, or ingredients, of true repentance, as flowing from faith?", "answer": "Grief and hatred of sin; turning from it unto God; with full purpose of, and endeavour after, new obedience."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What is that grief which is an ingredient of true repentance?", "answer": "It is a real, inward and abiding sorrow for sin, as offensive and dishonouring to a holy and gracious God, Job 40:4, 5."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What is that hatred of sin, which accompanies true repentance?", "answer": "It is not only a loathing and abhorring of our sin, but of ourselves, on account of it, Isaiah 6:5."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What are the qualities of this hatred?", "answer": "It is universal, against all sin, Psalm 119:104; and irreconcilable to any known sin, Psalm 101:3."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What is the formal nature of evangelical repentance, or that which properly completes it?", "answer": "It is when a sinner doth, with grief and hatred of his sin, turn from it unto God."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "From what does the sinner turn in repentance?", "answer": "He turns from sin; because a continuance in the practice of sin is inconsistent with repentance, Ezek. 14:6 - \"Repent and turn - from your idols, and turn away your faces from all your abominations.\""}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How can penitents be said to turn from sin, when it remains in them, and they are daily offending while in this life?", "answer": "Though they cannot shake themselves loose of the being and remains of sin, yet they turn from it, not only in their life and conversation, but likewise in their heart and affection."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "How do they evidence that they turn from it in their life and conversation?", "answer": "By resisting the outbreakings of sin, and all temptations to it, Psalm 18:23; by watching against all occasions of it, Proverbs 4:14, 15; and endeavouring to \"have always a conscience void of offence toward God, and toward men,\" Acts 24:16."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "How do they manifest their turning from sin in heart and affection?", "answer": "In as much as though sin cleaves to them, they do not cleave to it, as formerly, but hate and loathe it, Psalm 119:104, 113."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "To what does the sinner turn in repentance?", "answer": "He turns unto God, Hos. 6:1 - \"Come, and let us return unto the Lord.\""}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "Do not many turn from one sin to another, and never to God?", "answer": "Yes; \"They return, but not to the Most High,\" Hos. 7:16."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What is the true cause of the sinner's turning to God?", "answer": "It is his being turned unto God first, Jer. 31:19 - \"Surely, after that I was turned, I repented.\""}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "How is the sinner turned unto God first?", "answer": "By the Spirit's working faith in him, whereby he receives and rests on Christ for salvation, of which remission of sin, and repentance, are a part, Acts 5:31."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "In what does the sinner's turning to God consist?", "answer": "It consists in his turning to the loving of God, as his Lord and Master, Isaiah 26:13; and to his duty to him as such, Acts 9:6."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "How does the returning sinner express his love to God, as his Lord and Master?", "answer": "By a voluntary choice of him as his only Lord, Hos. 2:7; and by looking upon his service as the greatest freedom and happiness, Psalm 84:4."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "How does he testify his returning to his duty to God, as his Lord and Master?", "answer": "By a full purpose of, and endeavour after new obedience."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "What is the nature of this purpose of duty to God, into which the true penitent enters?", "answer": "It is a purpose or resolution to return to the practice of every known duty, Psalm 119:106, and to spirituality in it, Phil. 3:3."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "Why called a FULL purpose?", "answer": "Because it is not only a resolution of what a person will do hereafter, but a resolution which is immediately put in execution, without delay, Psalm 119:60 - \"I made haste, and delayed not to keep thy commandments;\" like the prodigal, who says, \"I will arise, and go to my father;\" and immediately he arose and went, Luke 15:18, 20."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "What is the inseparable concomitant of this full purpose in all true penitents?", "answer": "An endeavour after new obedience."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "Why is a full purpose of new obedience connected with an endeavour after it?", "answer": "Because purposes, without endeavours, are but like blossoms without fruit, which can never prove one to be a true penitent, Matt. 21:30."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "Why called an endeavour after new obedience?", "answer": "Because, though the penitent is sensible he cannot perform this kind of obedience in his own strength, yet he aims at it, and at no less than perfection in it, Phil. 3:14 - \"I press toward the mark, for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus.\""}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "Why is the obedience which the true penitent purposes and endeavours after, called new obedience?", "answer": "Because it is such an obedience as flows from a new principle, is influenced by new motives, performed in a new manner, and is aimed at a new end."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "What is the new principle from which this obedience flows?", "answer": "A principle of faith, Rom. 14:23, and a principle of love, John 14:15."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "What are the new motives by which this new obedience is influenced?", "answer": "The \"grace of God,\" Titus 2:11, 12; and the \"love of Christ,\" 2 Cor. 5:14, 15."}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "What are the motives by which men, in a natural state, are influenced to duties?", "answer": "The dictates of a natural conscience, Rom. 2:15; their own interest and reputation, Matt. 6:5, a mercenary hope of heaven, Micah 6:6, 7, or a slavish fear of hell, Isaiah 33:14."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "What is the new manner in which new obedience is performed?", "answer": "It is performed in the strength of Christ, Phil. 4:13; or in a dependence on the furniture secured in the promise, 2 Cor. 12:9; it is done with delight, Isaiah 64:5; and with the whole heart, Psalm 119:69."}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "What is the new end at which it aims?", "answer": "The glory of God is the ultimate end of it, 1 Cor. 10:31."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "What is the difference between legal and gospel repentance?", "answer": "Legal repentance flows from a dread of God's wrath, Matt. 27:3-6; but gospel repentance from the faith of his mercy, Psalm 130:4; in legal repentance, the sinner is taken up mostly with the fatal consequences of sin, Isaiah 49:9-12; in gospel repentance, he is chiefly affected with the evil nature of it, as contrary to the holy nature and law of God, Luke 15:21."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "What are the motives that should produce repentance?", "answer": "The command of God, Acts 17:30; the suffering of Christ, Zech. 12:10; and the certain danger of impenitency, Luke 13:5."}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "What are the evidences of true repentance?", "answer": "The very same that are mentioned by the apostle, 2 Cor. 7:11 - \"For behold, the self-same thing that ye sorrowed after a godly sort, what carefulness it wrought in you; yea, what clearing of yourselves; yea, what indignation; yea, what fear; yea, what vehement desire; yea, what zeal; yea, what revenge?"}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "What is that carefulness which is a mark of the true penitent?", "answer": "It is carefulness about the one thing needful, that good part which shall not be taken away, Luke 10:42."}, {"item_id": "52", "question": "Upon what ground will the true penitent clear himself?", "answer": "Only upon the ground of the surety-righteousness imputed to him, Isaiah 45:24."}, {"item_id": "53", "question": "What is the principal object of his indignation?", "answer": "It is sin, as striking immediately against God, Psalm 51:4, compared with Psalm 119:104."}, {"item_id": "54", "question": "What is that fear, which is an evidence of true repentance?", "answer": "It is a filial and reverential fear of God, or a standing in awe to offend him, Gen. 39:9."}, {"item_id": "55", "question": "What is that vehement desire, with which a true penitent is privileged?", "answer": "It is an earnest and ardent desire after conformity to God, and fellowship with him, Psalm 27:4."}, {"item_id": "56", "question": "What kind of zeal is it, that is evidential of gospel repentance?", "answer": "It is zeal for the glory of God, and the interest of Christ in the world, Psalm 137:5, 6."}, {"item_id": "57", "question": "What is that revenge, which is competent to a true penitent?", "answer": "It is Such a revenge against sin, as aims at its utter ruin and extirpation, Rom. 7:24."}, {"item_id": "58", "question": "In what respects is repentance necessary?", "answer": "It is necessary in respect of the command of God, Acts 17:30, and as evidential of the reality of faith, of which it is the native fruit, and effect, Zech. 12:10."}, {"item_id": "59", "question": "May not this duty be delayed or put off for a while?", "answer": "No; because of the uncertainty of time, Luke 12:19, 20, and of the continuance of the Spirit's striving, Gen. 6:3."}, {"item_id": "60", "question": "When should the Lord's people apply to him, for the exercise of this grace of repentance, in a more especial and particular manner?", "answer": "After great falls, 2 Sam 12:13; when under severe trials, or deep affliction, 2 Sam. 15:26, 30; and when they are to ask of God some singular favour or mercy, Dan. 9:8, compared with verses 18, 19."}, {"item_id": "61", "question": "By what means may the lively exercise of repentance be attained?", "answer": "By looking on it as the gift of Christ, Acts 5:31; and by viewing our sins as laid on him, who was pierced for them, Zech 12:10; together with searching and trying our ways, Lam. 3:40."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "88", "sort_key": 88, "question": "What are the outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption?", "answer": "The outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption, are his Ordinances, especially the word, sacraments, and prayer, all which are made effectual to the elect for salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What do you understand by the benefits of redemption?", "answer": "All the blessings of Christ's purchase, which may be summed up in grace here, and glory hereafter, Psalm 84:11."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Who communicateth these benefits or blessings to us?", "answer": "Christ himself, who has them wholly at his disposal, Luke 22:29 - \"I appoint unto you a kingdom.\""}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How comes Christ to have the disposal of them wholly in his hands?", "answer": "By his Father's gift, John 3:35 - \"The Father loveth the Son, and hath GIVEN all things into his hand;\" and by his own purchase of them; hence called a \"purchased possession,\" Eph. 1:14."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is it for Christ to communicate the benefits of redemption?", "answer": "It is not to give away the property of them from himself, but to make us \"sharers with him\" in them all; that is, to make us \"heirs of God, and joint heirs with Christ,\" Rom. 8:17."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Does Christ communicate them in a mediate or immediate way?", "answer": "In a mediate way, through the intervention of ordinances, Eph. 4:11-14."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What are the ordinances by which Christ communicates to us the benefits of redemption?", "answer": "They are \"prayer and thanksgiving, in the name of Christ; the reading, preaching, and hearing of the word; the administering, and receiving the sacraments; church government and discipline; the ministry and maintenance thereof; religious fasting; swearing by the name of God, and vowing unto him.\"112"}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Why are these called His ordinances?", "answer": "Because they are all of them instituted and prescribed by him in his word, as the alone King and Head of his church, to be observed in it to the end of the world, Matt. 28:20."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Have we any reason to expect, that the benefits of redemption will be communicated by ordinances of man's invention and appointment?", "answer": "No; for all such ordinances, having no higher sanction than the commandments of men, are declared to be IN VAIN, Matt. 15:9; they are condemned as will-worship, Col. 2:23; and the observers of them severely threatened, Micah. 6:16."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Why is it said, especially the word, sacraments, and prayer?", "answer": "Because, though the other ordinances above mentioned are not to be excluded, as being all of them useful in their own place; yet the word, sacraments, and prayer, are the chief or principal outward means for communicating the benefits of redemption, Acts 2:42."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What is the special usefulness of the word for communicating the benefits of redemption?", "answer": "In the word these benefits are exhibited and offered to sinners of mankind, as the ground of their faith, that, believing they may be possessed of them all, John 20:31."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is the special usefulness of the sacraments for communicating these benefits?", "answer": "The sacraments represent to our senses, 1 Cor. 10:16, what the word does to our faith, and are designed for the confirmation of it, Rom. 4:11."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is the special usefulness of prayer for the above purpose?", "answer": "The prayer of faith fetches home to the soul all the good that is wrapped up both in the word and in the sacraments, Mark 11:24 - \"What things soever ye desire when ye pray, believe that ye receive them, and ye shall have them.\""}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Why are the word, sacraments, and prayer, called means, by which Christ communicates to us the benefits of redemption?", "answer": "Because he is pleased to begin and carry on the work of grace in the soul, by and under these ordinances, Acts 2:41, 42."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Why called the outward means?", "answer": "To distinguish them from faith, repentance, and other inward means; and particularly to distinguish them from the inward and powerful influences of the Holy Spirit, which are necessary to accompany the outward means in order to salvation, Zech. 4:6."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Why called ordinary means?", "answer": "Because they are the stated and ordinary way and method, by which Christ communicates the benefits of redemption to sinners of mankind, Rom. 10:14-18; Ezek, 37:28."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Are there any extraordinary means without the word, by which Christ communicates the benefits of redemption to adult persons?", "answer": "No; for whatever providences God may make use of, when he is beginning or carrying on his work of grace in the soul, Acts 9:3-7; yet these dispensations are always to be considered in a subserviency to the word, chap. 16:25-33, or as occasions of the Spirit's working in concurrence with it, 2 Pet. 1:18, 19."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Are the ordinances, of themselves, effectual for communicating the benefits of redemption?", "answer": "No; they are made effectual, Rom. 1:16."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "To whom are they made effectual?", "answer": "To the elect only, Acts 13:48."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "For what end are they made effectual to the elect?", "answer": "For salvation, Heb. 10:39"}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What is meant by salvation?", "answer": "Not only a begun deliverance from all sin and misery, and a begun possession of all happiness and blessedness in this life, John 3:15; but likewise a total freedom from the one, and a full and uninterrupted enjoyment of the other, in the life to come, Rev. 21:4."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "If the ordinances are made effectual to the elect only for salvation, why have others, in the visible church, the benefit of them?", "answer": "To show the infinite intrinsic sufficiency of the satisfaction of Christ, 1 John 4:14; and, at the same time, to render those who slight such valuable privileges the more inexcusable, John 15:22."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What may we learn from Christ's instituting his Ordinances to be the outward and ordinary means of salvation?", "answer": "We may from thence learn the difference between the church militant, which sees but through a glass darkly, and the church triumphant, which sees \"face to face,\" 1 Cor. 13:12"}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "89", "sort_key": 89, "question": "How is the word made effectual to salvation?", "answer": "The Spirit of God maketh the reading, but especially the preaching of the word, an effectual means of convincing and converting sinners, and of building them up in holiness and comfort, through faith, unto salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is meant by the word in this answer?", "answer": "The whole of divine revelation, contained in the scriptures of the Old and New Testament."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What has God appointed with reference to his word, that it may be effectual to salvation?", "answer": "He has appointed the reading, John 5:39; \"but especially the preaching thereof,\" 2 Tim. 4:2."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "\"Is the word of God to be read by all?\"", "answer": "\"Although all are not permitted to read the word publicly to the congregation, Deut. 31:9, 11, yet all sorts of people are bound to read it apart by themselves, chap. 17:19, and with their families, chap. 6:7.\"113"}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is the meaning of these words in our Larger Catechism, \"all are not permitted to read the word publicly to the congregation?\"", "answer": "The meaning is: not, as if there were an order of men appointed by Christ, to be READERS in the church, distinct from ministers; but only, that none ought to read publicly to the congregation, except those whose office it is, not only to read the word of God, but to explain it to the edification of others, Neh. 8:8 - \"So they read in the book of the law of God distinctly, and gave the SENSE, and caused them (namely, the people) to understand the reading.\""}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Why is the reading of the scriptures apart by ourselves necessary for every one?", "answer": "Because the scriptures are a sword for defence, Eph. 6:17; a lamp for direction, Psalm 119:105; and food for nourishment, Jer. 15:16; in all which respects they are necessary for every Christian travelling Zion-ward, 2 Tim. 3:16, 17."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "May not the reading of the scriptures in our families, supersede the reading of them apart by ourselves?", "answer": "No; the doing of the one ought by no means to jostle out the other."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is essentially requisite in order to capacitate the unlearned to read the scriptures?", "answer": "That they be \"translated out of the original into vulgar languages, 1 Cor. 14:11.\"114"}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "How is the word of God to be read?", "answer": "\"The holy scriptures are to be read with a high and reverend esteem of them, Neh. 8:5; with a firm persuasion that they are the very word of God, 2 Pet. 1:21; and that he only can enable us to understand them, Luke 24:45.\"116"}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Why should we read the scriptures with a high and reverend esteem of 115them?", "answer": "Because they are dictated by the Holy Ghost, and \"are able to make us wise unto salvation,\" 2 Tim. 3:15."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Why should we read them with a firm persuasion that they are the very word of God?", "answer": "Because without this we can never build our hope on them, as containing the words of eternal life, 1 Thess. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Why should we read them with a persuasion that God only can enable us to understand them?", "answer": "Because, without this, we cannot exercise a dependence upon him, for that spiritual and internal illumination, which is necessary to a saving and experimental knowledge of them, 1 Cor. 2:10."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "\"By whom is the word of God to be preached?\"", "answer": "\"Only by such as are sufficiently gifted, Mal. 2:7, and also duly approved and called to that office, Rom. 10:15; 1 Tim. 4:14.\"116"}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Who are they that are sufficiently gifted?", "answer": "They are such as are not only of a blameless moral walk, and \"have a good report of them that are without,\" 1 Tim. 3:7; but likewise such as have a competent stock of human literature, Titus 1:9; and are, in the judgment of charity, reputed to be pious and religious men, 2 Tim. 1:5."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is it to be duly approved and called to that office?", "answer": "It is not only to be approved by the presbytery, who have the sole power of trying the ministerial qualifications, and of ordination to that office, 1 Tim. 4:14; but likewise to have the call and consent of the people, who are to be under the pastoral inspection and charge, Acts 1:23, and 14:23."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "\"How is the word of God to be preached by those that are called thereunto?\"", "answer": "They are to preach sound doctrine \"diligently, plainly, faithfully, wisely, zealously, and sincerely.\"117"}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What are we to understand by sound doctrine?", "answer": "The whole system of divine truth, contained in the holy scriptures, or evidently deducible from it; particularly whatever has the greatest tendency to depreciate self, and to exalt Christ, who ought to be the main and leading subject of all gospelpreaching, 2 Cor. 4:5."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What is it to preach sound doctrine diligently?", "answer": "It is to be instant \"in season, and out of season,\" 2 Tim. 4:2118 embracing every opportunity of doing good to souls; and watching for them, \"as they that must give account,\" Heb. 13:17."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What is it to preach plainly?", "answer": "It is to essay it, \"not in enticing words of man's wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit, and of power,\" 1 Cor. 2:4.119"}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is it to preach the word faithfully?", "answer": "It is a \"making known the whole counsel of God,\" (or at least a not shunning to do so), Acts 20:27.120"}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "When may ministers be said to preach wisely?", "answer": "When in studying, or preaching, they are wholly taken up in applying themselves to the necessities and capacities of the hearers,\"121 Luke 12:42; 1 Cor. 3:2."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "When do they preach the word zealously?", "answer": "When they do it \"with fervent love to God, and the souls of his people,\"122 2 Cor. 5:14, and 12:15."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "How is the word preached sincerely?", "answer": "When there is an \"aiming at God's glory,\" and his people's \"conversion, edification, and salvation, 1 Thess. 2:4; 1 Cor. 9:22; 1 Tim. 4:16.\"123"}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Who is it that makes the reading and preaching of the word effectual to salvation?", "answer": "(THE SPIRIT OF GOD), 1 Cor. 2:11 - \"The things of God knoweth no man, but the SPIRIT of God.\""}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "How does he make them effectual?", "answer": "By accompanying them with his divine power upon the soul, Rom. 1:16."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Of what is it that the Spirit of God makes the reading and preaching of the word an effectual means?", "answer": "He makes them an effectual means of convincing and converting sinners, and of building them up in holiness and comfort, through faith, unto Salvation."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "Does the Spirit make more frequent and ordinary use of the reading, or of the preaching of the word, for these valuable ends?", "answer": "He makes more frequent and ordinary use of the preaching of the word; and therefore there is an ESPECIALLY prefixed to it in the answer."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How do you prove, that the preaching of the word is honoured as the most ordinary means?", "answer": "From express scripture testimony to this purpose, Acts 4:4 - \"Many of them which heard the word believed;\" chap. 11:20, 21 - \"And some of them - spake unto the Grecians, preaching the Lord Jesus. And the hand of the Lord was with them: and a great number believed, and turned unto the Lord.\"124"}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "May not people be more edified in reading good sermons at home, than in hearing from the pulpit, such as are not perhaps, so well digested?", "answer": "If they are in health, and not necessarily detained from the public ordinances, they have no ground to expect any real and saving benefit to their souls in the neglect of hearing the word preached: because it pleases \"God, by the foolishness of preaching, to save them that believe,\" 1 Cor. 1:21; and \"faith cometh by HEARING,\" Rom. 10:17."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What use does the Spirit make of the reading, but especially of the preaching of the word, with reference to sinners in a natural state?", "answer": "He makes use of them as an effectual means of convincing and converting them, 1 Cor. 14:24; Acts 26:18."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "What does the Spirit convince sinners of by the word?", "answer": "Of their sin and misery.125"}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "Is it by the word of the law, or the word of the gospel, that the Spirit convinces of sin?", "answer": "It is ordinarily by the word of the law, Rom. 3:20 - \"By the LAW is the knowledge of sin.\""}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What of sin does the Spirit convince sinners by the law?", "answer": "Both of the nature and desert of sin."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "In what consists the nature of sin?", "answer": "In the want of conformity to, and transgression of, the law of God.126"}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "What is the desert of sin?", "answer": "The wrath and curse of God, both in this life and that which is to come.127"}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "How does the Spirit convince men effectually, by the word, that they are sinners?", "answer": "By convincing them, from it, that they are unbelievers, John 16:8, 9 - \"He the Spirit will reprove or convince the world of sin, because they believe not on me,\" says our Lord."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "What influence has a conviction of unbelief, upon convincing a person that he is indeed a sinner?", "answer": "Were a person once convinced, that unbelief is a rejection of the only method of salvation, devised in infinite wisdom, or treating of God's unspeakable gift offered in the word, with the utmost contempt, he could not but conclude himself, on this account, to be the greatest of sinners, and that he deserved the severest of punishments, Heb. 10:29."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "How does the Spirit make the word an effectual means of converting sinners?", "answer": "By making use of it \"to open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan to God,\" Acts 26:18."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "Do all convictions of sin issue in conversion?", "answer": "Far from it: many may be very deeply convinced of sin by the law, and yet never have a thorough change wrought upon their hearts; as in the instances of Cain, Judas, and others."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "What is conversion?", "answer": "It is the spiritual motion of the whole man toward God in Christ, as the immediate effect of the real and supernatural change, that is wrought in regeneration, Jer. 3:22."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "Is there any difference between conversion and regeneration?", "answer": "They are as inseparably conjoined, as the effect is to its cause. Regeneration, or the formation of the new creature (in which we are wholly passive), is the cause; and conversion, or the motion of the soul to God, is the effect, which infallibly follows, Hos. 6:2."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "Cannot man be the author of his own regeneration?", "answer": "No; he can neither prepare himself for it, nor co-operate with God in it."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "Why can he not prepare himself for it?", "answer": "Because the carnal mind is enmity against God, and remains so until regenerating grace take place in the soul, Rom. 8:7, 8."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "Why cannot man co-operate with God in this work?", "answer": "Because there can be no acting, without a principle of action. Regeneration, being the infusing of spiritual life into the soul, it is impossible the creature can cooperate or concur with God in it, any more than Lazarus in the grave could concur in his own resurrection, till the powerful voice of Christ infused life and strength into him."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "What would be the consequence if man could co-operate with God in regeneration?", "answer": "The consequence would be, that God would not be so much the author of grace, as he is of nature; nor have such a revenue of glory from the one, as from the other."}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "How are regeneration and conversion denominated in scripture, to prove that God alone can be the author of them?", "answer": "They are called a \"creation,\" Eph. 2:10, and a \"resurrection,\" chap. 5:14."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "Why called a creation?", "answer": "Because there is nothing in the heart of man, out of which the new creature can be formed; \"every imagination of the thoughts of his heart\" being \"only evil continually,\" Gen. 6:5."}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "Why called a resurrection?", "answer": "Because it is God only \"who quickeneth the dead, and calleth things which be not, as though they were,\" Rom. 4:17."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "What influence has the word upon the conversion of sinners?", "answer": "It has no physical or natural influence of itself, but only as it is an instituted means, in the hand of the Spirit of God to that end, John 6:63."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "What is the efficacy of the word, in the work of conversion, compared to in scripture?", "answer": "It is compared to a fire, to a hammer, Jer. 23:29; to rain, Deut. 32:2; and to light, Psalm 119:105."}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "Why compared to fire?", "answer": "Because as fire purifies the metal, separating the dross; so the word, in the hand of the Spirit, purifies the heart, purging away the dross of sin and corruption that is there, Isaiah 4:4."}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "Why compared to a hammer?", "answer": "As a hammer \"breaketh the rock in pieces,\" Jer. 23:29, and thus fits it for the building, so the Spirit of God, by the word, breaks the hard heart of man, and fits it for being built on the foundation God has laid in Zion, Proverbs 16:1."}, {"item_id": "52", "question": "Why compared to rain?", "answer": "Because as the rain falls irresistibly, so there is no withstanding the efficacy of the word in the hand of the Spirit, Isaiah 55:11."}, {"item_id": "53", "question": "Why compared to light?", "answer": "Because as light discovers things that were indiscernible in the dark; so the Spirit, by the word, discovers the latent wickedness of the heart, 1 Cor. 14:25, and the matchless glory and excellency of Christ, as IMMANUEL, \"God with us,\" John 16:14."}, {"item_id": "54", "question": "What use does the Spirit make of the reading, but especially the preaching of the word, with reference to SAINTS, who are brought into a state of grace?", "answer": "He makes use of it as an effectual means of building them up in holiness and comfort, through faith unto salvation, Acts 20:32; Rom. 15:4."}, {"item_id": "55", "question": "Is holiness necessary in order to our justification before God?", "answer": "It is necessary in the justified, but not in order to their justification; because this would found their justification upon works, contrary to Rom. 3:20 - \"By the deeds of the law shall no flesh be justified in his sight.\"128"}, {"item_id": "56", "question": "Is it necessary as the ground of our title to heaven?", "answer": "It is necessary to clear our title; but our title itself can be founded only in our union with Christ, and the imputation of his righteousness, 1 Cor. 3:22, 23 - \"All are yours, and ye are Christ's \"compared with Rom. 8:30 - \"Whom he justified, them he also glorified.\""}, {"item_id": "57", "question": "Why are the saints said to be built up in holiness?", "answer": "Because the work of sanctification, like a building, is gradually carried on towards perfection until death, Proverbs 4:18."}, {"item_id": "58", "question": "How does the Spirit make the reading and preaching of the word, an effectual means of building up the saints in holiness?", "answer": "By giving them, in the glass of the word, such clear and repeated discoveries of the glory of Christ, as to transform them more and more into the same image with him, 2 Cor. 3:18."}, {"item_id": "59", "question": "How does he, by means of these ordinances, build them up in comfort?", "answer": "By conveying with power to their souls, the great and precious promises, which contain all the grounds of real and lasting comfort, Gal. 3:29, and 4:28."}, {"item_id": "60", "question": "Through what instrument is it, that the Spirit makes these means effectual, for building up the saints in holiness and comfort?", "answer": "It is through faith, 1 Thess. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "61", "question": "What instrumentality has faith, in the hand of the Spirit, for building up the saints, in holiness and comfort?", "answer": "It rests upon God's faithful word for the promotion of both, Psalm 138:8 - \"The Lord will perfect that which concerneth me.\""}, {"item_id": "62", "question": "To what end does the Spirit, by means of the word, build them up in holiness, and comfort through faith?", "answer": "It is unto their complete and eternal salvation, Rom. 1:16."}, {"item_id": "63", "question": "What may we learn from the Spirit's making the means effectual to salvation?", "answer": "That as no special blessing can be expected from God, in the wilful neglect of the ordinances, Proverbs 28:9; so we may sit all our days under a pure dispensation of the gospel, without reaping any spiritual profit, unless divine supernatural agency concur, 1 Cor. 3:6."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "90", "sort_key": 90, "question": "How is the word to be read and heard, that it may become effectual to salvation?", "answer": "That the word may become effectual to salvation, we must attend thereunto with diligence, preparation, and prayer; receive it with faith and love; lay it up in our hearts, and practise it in our lives.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What has God enjoined upon us, in order to our reading and hearing his word in a right manner?", "answer": "That we attend thereunto; that we receive it; and that we lay it up in our hearts, and practise it in our lives."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is it to attend to the reading and hearing of the word?", "answer": "It is to make the reading and hearing of it the main business of our life; to have it mostly at heart, because the word contains \"that good part which shall not be taken away,\" Luke 10:42."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How ought we to attend to, or set about the reading and hearing of the word?", "answer": "With diligence, preparation, and prayer."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What do you understand by attending to the word with diligence?", "answer": "A careful observing and embracing every seasonable opportunity, that may offer in providence, for reading and hearing the same, Proverbs 8:34."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What preparation should we make for reading and hearing the word?", "answer": "We should consider, that the word has the authority of God stamped upon it, 2 Tim. 3:16; that it is he himself who speaks to us in it, Heb. 12:25; that it is his ordinance for our salvation, John 5:39; and will be the savour either of life or death to us, 2 Cor. 2:16."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Why is prayer requisite for reading and hearing the word in a right manner?", "answer": "Because as it is God alone, and none else, who can dispose our hearts for the right performance of those religious exercises, so he ought always to be addressed and supplicated for that end, Psalm 119:18."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What should we pray for, when setting about the reading and hearing of the word?", "answer": "That it may be \"the power of God unto our salvation,\" Rom. 1:16; or an effectual means in his hand for convincing, converting, and edifying our souls, John 6:63."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is our immediate duty, when we are actually engaged in reading or hearing of the word?", "answer": "Our immediate duty, in that case, is to receive it."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is it to receive the word?", "answer": "It is, with all readiness of mind, to take it in, as the dictates of the Holy Ghost to our souls, Acts 17:11."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Why is the right improvement of the word, in time of reading and hearing of it, called a receiving it?", "answer": "Because we can reap no real benefit to our souls, by the offer and exhibition of all the blessings that are brought nigh to us in it, unless we receive them as God's free gift to us, John 3:27."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "How are we to receive the word, and all the good that is in it?", "answer": "With faith and love."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "When is the word received with faith, in time of reading and hearing of it?", "answer": "When there is an application of it to the soul in particular, in a suitableness to the state and case of the person, and the nature of the word, whether in a way of promise, Lam. 3:24, or threatening, Psalm 119:120."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "How may a person know if he receives the word with faith?", "answer": "By the quickening, Psalm 119:50, enlightening, ver. 130, sanctifying, ver. 9, and strengthening effect of it, Dan. 10:19."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the native consequence of receiving the word with faith?", "answer": "A receiving it also with love; for \"faith worketh by love,\" Gal. 5:6."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How may our receiving the word with love be discerned?", "answer": "When our affections are drawn out to the blessed truths and objects revealed in it; so as to esteem them more than \"thousands of gold and silver,\" Psalm 119:72, or even than our \"necessary food,\" Job 23:12."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What improvement ought we to make of the word after reading or hearing of it?", "answer": "We should lay it up in our hearts, and practise it in our lives."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What do you understand by the heart, where the word should be laid up?", "answer": "The soul, with all its faculties, Proverbs 23:26; the understanding, to know the word; the will to comply with it; the affections to love it; and the memory to retain it."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What is implied in laying up the word in our hearts?", "answer": "That we account it the most valuable treasure, Psalm 119:127; that we keep it with the utmost care, ver. 11; and that we resolve to use it in all the future exigencies129 of our souls, ver. 24."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "How may we know if the word is really laid up in our hearts?", "answer": "By our delighting to meditate upon it, Psalm 119:97; by the Spirit's bringing it to our remembrance, John 14:26; and by our habitual desire of farther conformity and subjection unto it, Psalm 119:5."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "For what end should we lay up the word in our hearts?", "answer": "That we may practise it in our lives."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What is it to practise the word in our lives?", "answer": "It is to have a conversation becoming the gospel, Phil. 1:27; or to have both the outward and inward man regulated according to the unerring rule of the word, Psalm 119:105."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What does the right manner of reading and hearing of the word teach us?", "answer": "That the bare outward performance of duty will not be acceptable to God, unless the heart is engaged in it, Isaiah 29:13."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "91", "sort_key": 91, "question": "How do the sacraments become effectual means of salvation?", "answer": "The sacraments become effectual means of salvation, not from any virtue in them, or in him that doth administer them; but only by the blessing of Christ, and the working of his Spirit in them that by faith receive them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is meant by effectual means of salvation?", "answer": "Such means as, by the blessing of God, do fully attain the end for which they are appointed, 1 Thess. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the meaning of these words in the answer not from any virtue in them?", "answer": "The meaning is, that the sacraments have not any virtue or efficacy in themselves to confer salvation; being only among the outward and ordinary means of grace, which can have no more efficacy of themselves to confer any saving benefit than the rainbow of itself has to prevent a deluge."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Who are they who maintain that the sacraments have a virtue or power in themselves to confer grace?", "answer": "The Papists, who affirm that the sacraments of the New Testament are the true, proper, and immediate causes of grace; and that the efficacy of them flows from the sacramental action of receiving the external elements."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "How do you prove that the sacraments have not any innate or intrinsic virtue in themselves to confer grace or salvation?", "answer": "From this one argument, that if the sacraments had any such virtue, then grace, or salvation, would be infallibly connected with the external use of them: but it is obvious from scripture, that after Simon Magus was baptised, he remained still \"in the gall of bitterness, and bond of iniquity,\" Acts 8:13, 23."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Why is it said in the answer, that the sacraments become effectual means of salvation, not from any virtue in him that doth administer them?", "answer": "It is so said in opposition to the Papists, who maintain, that the efficacy of the sacraments depends upon the intention of the priest; so that any benefit by them, is conferred, or withheld, according to them, just as the secret will of the administrator would have it."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "How is this error refuted?", "answer": "If the efficacy of the sacraments depended upon the intention of the administrator, then there could be no certainty about the efficacy of them at all; because no mortal can be absolutely certain about the intention of another; the secrets of the heart being known to God only, Acts 1:24."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "From whence, then, have the sacraments their efficacy and virtue?", "answer": "Only from the blessing of Christ, and the working of his Spirit."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What do you understand by the blessing of Christ?", "answer": "That divine power and life, with which he is pleased to accompany the sacraments and other ordinances; and without which they would be utterly ineffectual, Rom. 1:16."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the working of his Spirit, which is necessary to make the sacraments effectual means of salvation?", "answer": "Not only the planting of grace in the soul at first, but the drawing of it out into suitable exercise on all sacramental occasions, Zech. 4:6."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Why is the working of the Spirit necessary to the efficacy of the sacraments?", "answer": "Because we are utterly impotent of ourselves for any thing that is spiritually good, John 15:5."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "In whom are the sacraments (by the blessing of Christ, and the working of his Spirit,) effectual means of salvation?", "answer": "In them that by faith receive them."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is it to receive the sacraments by faith?", "answer": "It is to apply Christ, and the benefits of his purchase, as represented, and exhibited to us in them, Luke 22:19, 20."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What may we learn from the necessity of Christ's blessing, and of the Spirit's working, in order to the efficacy of the sacraments?", "answer": "It teaches us, that our whole dependence for the blessing, whether upon ourselves, when we partake of the sacrament of the supper, or upon our children, when we are sponsors for them in baptism, should be only on Christ alone, and the saving influences and operations of his Spirit, held forth in the promise, to accompany his own institutions; and therefore our partaking of these solemn ordinances, dispensed by some ministers, to the slighting of them as dispensed by others, equally sound and faithful, though perhaps in our esteem somewhat inferior in outward gifts, says upon the matter, that the efficacy of the sacraments depends, somehow, upon the administrator, and not upon the blessing of Christ alone: quite contrary to the mind of the Spirit of God, 1 Cor. 3:7 - \"So, then, neither is he that planteth anything, neither he that watereth; but God that giveth the increase.\""}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "92", "sort_key": 92, "question": "What is a sacrament?", "answer": "A sacrament is a holy ordinance instituted by Christ, wherein, by sensible signs, Christ, and the benefits of the new covenant, are represented, sealed, and applied to believers.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "From whence is the word sacrament derived?", "answer": "It is of Latin origin, being anciently used, by the Romans, to signify their military oath; or that oath which their soldiers took to be true and faithful to their prince, and that they would not desert his standard."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How is it used by the church?", "answer": "Not only to signify something that is sacred, but likewise a solemn engagement to be the Lord's."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the general nature of a sacrament?", "answer": "It is a holy ordinance, instituted by Christ."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Why is a sacrament called a holy ordinance?", "answer": "Because it is appointed not only for holy ends and uses, but likewise for persons federally holy."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Is it necessary that a sacrament be instituted by Christ?", "answer": "Yes; it is essentially necessary that it have his express and immediate warrant and institution, otherwise it does not deserve the name, 1 Cor. 11:23 - \"For I have RECEIVED of the Lord, that which also I delivered unto you,\" &C."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Why must sacraments be expressly or immediately instituted by Christ?", "answer": "Because he alone is the head of the church; and has the sole power and authority to institute sacraments and other ordinances in it, Eph. 1:22, 23."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "\"What are the parts of a sacrament?\"", "answer": "\"Two; the one, an outward and sensible sign, used according to Christ's own appointment; the other, an inward and spiritual grace, thereby signified, Matt. 3:11; 1 Pet. 3:21.\"130"}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What are the outward signs in sacraments?", "answer": "They are the sacramental elements, and the sacramental actions; but chiefly the elements, because it is about these that the sacramental actions are exercised."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Why called sensible signs?", "answer": "Because they are obvious to the outward senses of seeing, tasting, feeling, &c."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What kind of signs are sensible signs in a sacrament?", "answer": "They are not natural, nor merely speculative; but voluntary and practical signs."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Why are they not natural signs?", "answer": "Because natural signs always signify the self-same thing, as smoke is always a sign of fire, and the morning light a sign of the approaching sun; whereas the signs in a sacrament never signify what they represent in that holy ordinance, but when sacramentally used."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Why are they practical, and not merely speculative signs?", "answer": "Because they are designed not only to represent the spiritual grace signified by them; but likewise to seal and apply the same."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Why are the signs in a sacrament called voluntary signs?", "answer": "Because they depend entirely upon the divine institution to make them signs; yet so as there is some analogy or resemblance between the sign and the thing signified."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "When are sacramental signs used according to Christ's own appointment?", "answer": "When they are dispensed with the words of institution annexed to them, Matt. 28:19; 1 Cor. 11:23-25."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What do the words of institution imply or contain in them?", "answer": "They contain, \"together with a precept authorising the use\" of them, \"a promise of benefit to the worthy receivers, Matt. 28:20.\"131"}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What is the inward and spiritual grace signified by the sensible signs in a sacrament?", "answer": "Christ and the benefits of the new covenant."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Why is the covenant of grace called the new covenant?", "answer": "Because it is always to remain in its prime and vigour, without the least change or alteration; for \"that which decayeth and waxeth old, is ready to vanish away,\" Heb. 8:13."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What are the benefits of the new covenant?", "answer": "They are all the blessings contained in the promises of it, which may be summed up in grace here, and glory hereafter, Psalm 84:11."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Are Christ, and the benefits of the new covenant, separable from one another?", "answer": "No; for, \"he that hath the Son, hath life,\" 1 John 5:12; whoever has Christ, has all things along with him; \"all are yours, and ye are Christ's,\" 1 Cor. 3:22, 23."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What is the intention and design of sensible signs in a sacrament, with reference to Christ and the benefits of the new covenant?", "answer": "The design of them is, that Christ and his benefits may be represented, sealed, and applied by them."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Why are Christ and his benefits said to be represented by the signs in a sacrament?", "answer": "Because as sacramental signs are of divine institution, so there is a resemblance or similitude between the signs and the things signified."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Why are Christ and his benefits said to be sealed by these signs?", "answer": "Because, by the sacramental signs, Christ and his benefits are confirmed to the believer, even as a seal is a confirmation of a bond or deed, Rom. 4:11."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Why said to be applied?", "answer": "Because, by the right and lawful use of the sacramental signs, Christ and his benefits are really communicated, conveyed, and made over to the worthy receiver, 1 Cor. 11:24 - \"Take, eat; this is my body, which is broken for you.\""}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "To whom do the sacramental signs represent, seal, and apply Christ and his benefits?", "answer": "Not to all who use them, but to believers only."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Why to believers only?", "answer": "Because nothing but true faith can discern, and apply the spiritual grace, which is represented and exhibited by sensible signs in the sacrament, Gal. 3:26, 27."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "In what consists the FORM of a sacrament?", "answer": "In \"a spiritual relation, or sacramental union, between the sign and the thing signified.\"132"}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What is the consequence of this sacramental union between the sign and the thing signified?", "answer": "The consequence is, \"that the names and effects of the one are attributed to the other.\"133 Thus Christ is called our passover, 1 Cor. 5:7; and the bread in the supper is called Christ's body - \"This is my body,\" 1 Cor. 11:24."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "When are the signs and the things signified, united in those who partake of the sacraments?", "answer": "When, together with the signs, (in virtue of Christ's institution) the blessings signified are received by faith, Gal. 3:27."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "How may this be illustrated by an example?", "answer": "A little earth and stone put into a man's hand at random, signify nothing; but when this is done in a regular manner, according to the forms of law, to give a proprietor possession of his lands, from whence these symbols were taken, it is of great importance to corroborate his right: so bread and wine in the sacrament, are of little value in themselves abstractly considered; yet when received in faith, as the instituted memorials of the death of Christ, by which his testament was ratified and sealed, the believer's right to all the blessings of his purchase is by it most comfortably confirmed, 1 Cor. 11:24 - \"This is my body, which is broken FOR YOU.\""}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Are the sacraments necessary for the confirmation of the word?", "answer": "No; the word being of divine and infallible authority, needs no confirmation without itself: but they are necessary on OUR account, for helping our infirmity, and confirming and strengthening our faith, Rom. 4:11."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What is the difference between the word and the sacraments?", "answer": "The word may be profitable to the adult, without the sacraments; but the sacraments cannot profit them without the word, Gal. 5:6."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What is the END of the sacraments?", "answer": "It is \"to represent Christ and his benefits; and to confirm our interest in him: as also to put a visible difference between those that belong unto the church, and the rest of the world; and solemnly to engage them to the service of God in Christ, according to his word.\"134"}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "Who are they that have a right to the sacraments?", "answer": "They \"that are within the covenant of grace, Rom 15:8.\"135"}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "Who are to be reckoned within the covenant of grace, in the sight of men?", "answer": "They who \"profess their faith in Christ, and obedience to him, Acts 2:38;\" and \"infants descending from parents, either both or but one of them professing faith in Christ, and obedience to him, are, in that respect, within the covenant, Rom. 11:16.\"136"}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What may we learn from the nature of the sacraments in general?", "answer": "The amazing love of the Lord Jesus, in giving us not only the word as the instrument in the hand of the Spirit, for besetting faith, and all other graces, Eph 1:13; but likewise the sacraments for strengthening and increasing the same, as well as for cherishing our love and communion with one another, 1 Cor. 12:13."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "93", "sort_key": 93, "question": "What are the sacraments of the New Testament?", "answer": "The sacraments of the New Testament are, baptism and the Lord's supper.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What were the ordinary sacraments under the Old Testament?", "answer": "They were two: CIRCUMCISION and the PASSOVER."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "When was circumcision first instituted?", "answer": "In the ninety-ninth year of Abraham's age, Gen. 17:24; at which time, both he, \"and all the men of his house, were circumcised,\" verse 26, 27."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "At what age were the male children afterwards to be circumcised?", "answer": "Precisely on the eighth day after they were born, Gen. 17:12."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What was the spiritual meaning of this sacramental ceremony?", "answer": "It signified the impurity and corruption of nature, Jer. 4:4; the necessity of regeneration, or being cut off from the first Adam, as a federal head, Rom. 2:28, 29; and of being implanted in Christ, in order to partake of the benefits of his mediation, chap. 8:1; together with a solemn virtual engagement to be the Lord's, Gen. 17:11."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What was the other sacrament of the Old Testament?", "answer": "The passover."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "When was it instituted?", "answer": "At the departure of the children of Israel out of Egypt, Ex. chapter 12."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Why called the PASSOVER?", "answer": "Because the destroying angel passed over the houses of the Israelites in the night when he smote the first-born with death, in every house or family of the Egyptians, Ex. 12:27."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "On what account did the angel pass over the houses of the Israelites?", "answer": "Because, according to the express command of God, the blood of the passoverlamb was stricken upon the lintels and side posts of their doors, as a signal to the destroying angel to pass over them, Ex. 12:22, 23."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What was meant by striking the blood upon their lintels and door posts?", "answer": "It signified, that it is only in virtue of the blood or satisfaction of Christ, that the curse and sentence of the law (which is the Wrath of God) is not executed upon the sinner, Rom. 5:9."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What were the significant ceremonies of divine institution that were to be observed in this sacrament?", "answer": "The passover lamb was to be without blemish, Ex. 12:5; it was to be slain, verse 6; it was to be roasted with fire, verse 9; and it was to be eaten, and that wholly and entirely, verse 10."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Why was it necessary that the passover-lamb should be without blemish?", "answer": "To signify, that though our sins were imputed to Christ, yet he was in himself \"holy, harmless, undefiled,\" Heb: 7:26; and therefore called \"a Lamb without blemish and without spot,\" 1 Pet. 1:19."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Why must the lamb be slain, or killed by blood shedding?", "answer": "To denote, that the death of Christ was necessary, for satisfying justice, and reconciling us to God, Luke 24:26 - \"Ought not Christ to have suffered these things?\""}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Why was it to be roasted with fire?", "answer": "To intimate, that Christ's sufferings, as our Surety, were exquisitely and inconceivably great, without the least abatement of any of that wrath which was due to our sins, Isaiah 53:10 - \"It pleased the Lord to bruise him;\" Rom. 8:32 - \"God spared not his own Son.\""}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Why was it to be eaten wholly and entirely, and none of it to be left?", "answer": "To signify, that Christ was to be wholly applied, in a way of believing, as being, \"of God, made unto us wisdom and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption,\" 1 Cor. 1:30."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Why were all the families of Israel to eat the passover, at one and the same time? Ex. 12:8.", "answer": "To signify that there is enough in Christ to satisfy the need of all his people at once; \"for in him dwelleth all the fulness of the Godhead bodily,\" Col. 2:9."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Why was it to be eaten the very same evening in which it was slain? ver. 6, 8.", "answer": "To signify, that Christ ought to be applied and appropriated by faith speedily, without delay: \"Behold, NOW is the accepted time,\" 2 Cor. 6:2."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "\"How many sacraments hath Christ instituted in his church under the New Testament?", "answer": "\"Under the New Testament, Christ hath instituted in his church only two sacraments; baptism and the Lord's supper.\"137"}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "How do these two sacraments come in the place of those under the Old Testament?", "answer": "Baptism comes in the place of circumcision; and the Lord's supper in the place of the passover."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Were the sacraments of the Old Testament no more than shadows of that grace, which is actually conferred by the sacraments under the New, as the Papists would have it?", "answer": "By no means; for \"the sacraments of the Old Testament, in regard of the spiritual things thereby signified and exhibited, were, for substance, the same with those of the New, 1 Cor. 10:1-5.\"138"}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "In what do they differ?", "answer": "The sacraments of the Old Testament represented Christ as yet to come; whereas those of the New hold him forth as already come, and as having finished the work of our redemption, as to the purchase of it, Eph. 5:2."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Is there any difference between them as to clearness and perspicuity?", "answer": "The words annexed to the outward signs in the sacraments of the New Testament, make the things signified appear vastly more plain and perspicuous, than in the sacraments of the Old."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What other sacraments do the Papists add to baptism and the Lord's supper?", "answer": "They boldly venture to add other five; namely, confirmation, penance, orders, marriage, and extreme unction."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "How may it appear, in a word, that all these are false and spurious sacraments?", "answer": "In regard that none of them have sacramental signs of divine institution, signifying any inward and spiritual grace; and, consequently, none of them can be appointed seals of God's covenant."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Who may lawfully dispense the sacraments of the New Testament?", "answer": "\"Neither of them may be dispensed by any, but a minister of the word, lawfully ordained, 1 Cor. 4:1\"139"}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "94", "sort_key": 94, "question": "What is baptism?", "answer": "Baptism is a sacrament, wherein the washing with water, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, doth signify and seal our ingrafting into Christ, and partaking of the benefits of the covenant of grace and our engagement to be the Lord's.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the proper signification of the word baptism?", "answer": "It is of Greek origin, and properly signifies a washing, sprinkling, or pouring out, in order to cleansing, Mark 1:8 - \"I indeed baptise you with water, but he shall baptise you with the Holy Ghost;\" that is, he shall pour his Spirit upon you, according to the promise, Isaiah 44:3 - \"I will pour my Spirit upon thy seed, and my blessing upon thine offspring.\""}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Who is the author of baptism?", "answer": "The Lord Jesus Christ, the Mediator and Head of the church."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "When did he institute and appoint it, as a sacrament of the New Testament?", "answer": "A little before his ascension into heaven, when he gave his apostles that solemn charge, Matt. 28:19 - \"Go ye, therefore, and teach all nations, baptising them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.\""}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Was not baptism used before that time?", "answer": "It was used long before by the Jews, in receiving their proselytes, but not by divine institution."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "When came baptism to have a divine warrant and restitution?.", "answer": "When God sent John the Baptist to baptise with water, John 1:33."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Was there any difference between the baptism of John, and the baptism dispensed by the apostles after Christ's ascension?", "answer": "There was no essential difference between them; for both of them had the same visible sign, and the same blessings signified by it. The difference was only circumstantial, in respect of time, and the objects of administration."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "How did they differ in respect of time?", "answer": "The baptism of John was dispensed before Christ had finished the work which his Father gave him to do; but the baptism of the apostles was mostly after Christ had suffered, and had entered into his glory."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "How did they differ as to the objects of administration?", "answer": "The baptism of John was confined to Judea only; but the baptism of the apostles extended to all nations, to whom the gospel was preached, Matt. 28:19."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Did not Paul rebaptise some disciples at Ephesus who had been before baptised by John?", "answer": "No; he only declares, that they who had heard John preach the doctrine of repentance and faith in Christ, were by John baptised in the name of the Lord Jesus, and so needed not to be rebaptised by any other."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Why did Christ, who had no need of it, condescend to be baptised by John?", "answer": "He gives the reason himself; \"It becometh us,\" says he, \"to fulfil all righteousness,\" Matt. 3:15."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Did Christ himself baptise any?", "answer": "No; \"Jesus himself baptised not, but his disciples,\" John 4:2."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Why did not Christ baptise any himself?", "answer": "That he might commend the ministry of men of like passions with ourselves; and to show that the efficacy of the ordinance did not depend upon the administrator, but upon the divine blessing; even as the words spoken by him on earth, when they were efficacious, were so, not merely as spoken or uttered from his lips, but as accompanied with his own almighty power, Luke 5:17."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the visible sign, or outward element in baptism?", "answer": "Only water, pure and unmixed, Acts 10:47."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "How is water to be applied to the body in baptism?", "answer": "\"Dipping of the person into the water is not necessary, but baptism is rightly administered by pouring or sprinkling water upon the person.\"140"}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How does it appear from scripture, that baptism is rightly administered by pouring or sprinkling water upon the person?", "answer": "From repeated instances of the administration of baptism by the apostles in this manner; particularly when three thousand were baptised by them, Acts 2:41, water must have been sprinkled upon them, as the apostles could not have time, in a part only of one day, to take them one by one, and plunge them into it. Nor is it probable that the jailer, Acts 16:33, had such store of water in the night season, as was sufficient for himself and whole family to be dipped into; or that they went abroad in quest of some river for that purpose; it is much more reasonable to infer, that in both the above instances, they were baptised by sprinkling. The same may be said of Paul's baptism, Acts 9:18; and of the baptism of Cornelius and his friends, Acts 10:47, 48."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Why is it most expedient to sprinkle water upon the face in baptism?", "answer": "Because the face is the principal part of the body, and the whole person is represented by it, Ex. 10:29."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What is signified by water in baptism?", "answer": "The cleansing virtue of the blood of Christ, Rev. 1:5, and Spirit of Christ, Titus 3:5."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What is the difference between cleansing by the blood, and cleansing by the Spirit of Christ?", "answer": "The blood of Christ cleanseth meritoriously, 1 John 1:7; the Spirit of Christ efficaciously, Ezek. 36:27. By the former, the guilt of sin is, at once, taken away in justification; by the latter, the blot and stain of it is gradually carried off in sanctification."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is signified by sprinkling of water upon the body?", "answer": "The application of the blood of Christ to the soul, by the Spirit of God, Titus 3:5, 6."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What is the analogy, or resemblance, between the sign in baptism, and the thing signified?", "answer": "Water makes clean, what before was foul; so the blood and Spirit of Christ purify from the guilt and pollution of sin, Zech. 13:1 water is open and free to all; so Christ and his benefits are freely offered to all the hearers of the gospel, Rev. 22:17."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "In whose name are we baptised?", "answer": "In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, Matt. 28:19."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What is it to be baptised in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "It is not only to be baptised by the will, command, and authority of the Threeone God; but likewise to be, by baptism, solemnly dedicated and devoted to the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, as our God and portion for ever, Isaiah 44:5."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What is it to be baptised by the command and authority of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost?", "answer": "It intimates that the Trinity of persons do not only authorise and appoint baptism to be a sacrament of the New Testament; but that they become jointly engaged to make good all the blessings of the covenant, signified and sealed by that ordinance, Jer. 31:33 - \"I will be their God, and they shall be my people.\""}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What is included in our being by baptism, solemnly dedicated and devoted to the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, as our God and portion for ever?", "answer": "It includes a solemn profession, that these three adorable persons have the sole right to all our religious worship, Psalm 5:7; that all our hope of salvation is from them, Psalm 62:1, 5, and that we should be wholly and for ever the Lord's, Psalm 48:14."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Is it necessary that baptism be dispensed in these express words, \"In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost?\"", "answer": "Yes; because ministers are peremptorily commanded by Christ, to baptise in this very form, Matt. 28:19 - \"Go ye, therefore, and teach all nations; baptising them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.\""}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "Did not the apostles baptise in another form, when they baptised in the name of the Lord Jesus? Acts 8:16.", "answer": "It is not to be supposed, that the apostles would alter the form, so expressly delivered to them by their glorious Master; and therefore, when any are said to be baptised in the name of the Lord Jesus, it is not designed by this to notify to us in what form of words they were baptised; but only that they were baptised by the authority of Christ, who appointed this sacrament; and to faith in him, and communion with him."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How ought the mentioning of the holy Trinity to be introduced in baptism?", "answer": "It is proper that it be introduced by words in the first person, expressing the present act of administration; and likewise setting forth the authority that a minister, lawfully called, has to dispense this sacrament; such as, \"I baptise thee, in the name,\" &c.141"}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What are the ends and uses of baptism?", "answer": "They are to signify and seal our ingrafting into Christ, and partaking of the benefits of the covenant of grace."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What is it to signify and seal our ingrafting into Christ?", "answer": "It is to signify and seal our union with him, and consequently the imputation of his righteousness to us, Gal. 3:27 - \"As many of you as have been baptised into Christ, have put on Christ.\""}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "What are the benefits of the covenant of grace, the partaking of which is signified and sealed in baptism?", "answer": "They are \"remission of sins by the blood of Christ; regeneration by his Spirit, adoption, and resurrection unto everlasting life.\"142"}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What is the consequence of its being signified and sealed to us in baptism, that we partake of such great and glorious benefits?", "answer": "The consequence is, that on this account, we enter into an open and professed engagement to be - the Lord's.\"143"}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What is included in our engagement to be the Lord's?", "answer": "That we shall be his \"wholly and only.\""}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "What is it to be his wholly?144", "answer": "It is to be his, in all that we are, soul, spirit, and body, 1 Cor. 6:19, 20; and in all that we have, whether gifts, graces, or worldly comforts, 1 Chron. 29:14."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "What is it to be the Lord's only?", "answer": "It is to be his in opposition to all his rivals and competitors, every one of whom we profess to renounce in baptism, Hos. 14:8."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "Who are these rivals and competitors with God, whom we profess to renounce in baptism?", "answer": "They are sin, Rom. 6:6; Satan, Acts 26:18, and the world, John 17:14."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "Does baptism make or constitute persons church members?", "answer": "No; they are supposed to be church-members before they are baptised, and if they are children of professing parents, they are born members of the visible church, 1 Cor. 7:14."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "Why must they be church-members before they are baptised?", "answer": "Because the seals of the covenant can never be applied to any, but such as are supposed to be in the covenant; nor can the privileges of the church be confirmed to any that are without the church."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "Why then do our Confession,145 and Larger Catechism,146 say that \"the parties baptised are solemnly admitted into the visible church?\"", "answer": "Because there is a vast difference between making a person a church-member, who was none before; and the solemnity of the admission of one, who is already a member. All that our Confession and Catechism affirm, is, that, by baptism, we are SOLEMNLY admitted into the visible church; that is, by baptism we are publicly declared to be church-members before, and thus have our membership solemnly sealed to us: \"For by one Spirit we are all baptised into one body,\" 1 Cor. 12:13."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "Is it warrantable to call the baptising of any, the Christening of them?", "answer": "No; because this is an encouraging of the superstitious Popish notion, that baptism makes even those who are born within the visible church, to become Christians; and that by the want of it, they remain infidels, and are left to uncovenanted mercy."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "What are the extremes about the necessity of baptism?", "answer": "The Socinians and Quakers deny that it is necessary at all; on the other hand, the Papists, and some others, maintain that it is so absolutely necessary, that no salvation can be expected without it."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "What is the doctrine of our Confession of Faith, on this head?", "answer": "That \"although it be a great sin to contemn or neglect this ordinance, yet grace and salvation are not so inseparably annexed unto it, as that no person can be regenerated and saved without it; or that all who are baptised are undoubtedly regenerated.\"147"}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "In what consists the greatness of the sin of contemning and slighting this ordinance?", "answer": "It consists in despising an express and positive institution of Christ, appointed to be administered in his church to the end of the world, Matt. 28:19, 20; and in slighting all the great and glorious benefits and privileges signified and sealed by it, Luke 7:30."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "How does it appear that grace and salvation are not inseparably annexed to baptism?", "answer": "From the instance of Abraham, who had the righteousness of faith before he was circumcised, Rom. 4:11; of Cornelius, who feared God, and was accepted of him, before he was baptised, Acts 10:2, 4; and from the instance of the thief on the cross, who was saved without being baptised at all, Luke 23:43."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "How does the scripture evince, that all who are baptised are not regenerated and saved?", "answer": "From the instance of Simon Magus, who was baptised, and yet, after baptism, remained \"in the gall of bitterness, and in the bond of iniquity,\"149 Acts 8:13, 23."}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "Does baptism give a right to covenant-blessings; or, is it only a declarative sign and seal of them?", "answer": "It is only a declarative sign and seal of them, as circumcision was, Rom. 4:11."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "What, then, gives a right?", "answer": "The promise of the covenant, which is endorsed to the children, as well as to the parents, Acts 2:39 - \"The promise is unto you, and to your CHILDREN.\""}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "Is baptism designed to make the covenant more sure, or our faith stronger?", "answer": "It is designed only to make our faith stronger; for the sureness of the covenant flows from the faithfulness of God, which is inviolable and unchangeable, Psalm 89:33, 34; Isaiah 54:10."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "In what consists the efficacy of baptism?", "answer": "It consists in sealing and ratifying the right to covenant blessings, which persons have from the promise, so infallibly, that they shall certainly be put in possession of them, Eph. 5:25, 26. For, according to the doctrine of our Confession, \"the grace promised is not only offered, but really exhibited and conferred, by the Holy Ghost, to such (whether of age, or infants,) as that grace belongeth unto, according to the counsel of God's own will, in his appointed time.\"148"}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "Is baptism efficacious at the time of its administration?", "answer": "Not always: \"the efficacy of baptism is not tied to that moment of time wherein it is administered,\"149 but may take place afterwards, as God in his sovereignty has fixed it; \"for the wind bloweth where it listeth,\" &c., John 3:8."}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "What may we learn from the nature of baptism?", "answer": "The infinite goodness of God, in appointing an initiating ordinance, irreversibly sealing all the blessings of the covenant to the elect seed, Gen. 17:7."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "95", "sort_key": 95, "question": "To whom is baptism to be administered?", "answer": "Baptism is not to be administered to any that are out of the visible church, till they profess their faith in Christ, and obedience to him: but the infants of such as are members of the visible church are to be baptised.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Who may administer the sacrament of baptism?", "answer": "Neither of the two sacraments \"may be dispensed by any, but by a minister of the word, lawfully ordained.150"}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How do you prove, that ordination by presbyters is lawful and valid, without a diocesan bishop?", "answer": "From express scripture testimony, asserting the validity of ordination to the ministry, by \"the laying on of the hands of the PRESBYTERY,\" 1 Tim. 4:14."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Why should ministers lawfully ordained, and no other persons whatsoever, dispense the sacraments of the New Testament?", "answer": "Because they only are the \"stewards of the mysteries of God,\" 1 Cor. 4:1; and have the sole commission and authority from Christ to preach and baptise, Matt. 28:19 - \"Go ye, therefore, and TEACH all nations, BAPTISING them,\" &c."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Is public prayer requisite before the administration of baptism?", "answer": "It is evident, that our Lord, at the first institution of the supper, and his apostles, afterwards, according to his example, prayed for the divine blessing to attend the dispensation of that solemn ordinance, 1 Cor. 11:24; and therefore, by parity of reasoning, ministers ought to pray, and the people to join in it, for the same blessing upon the administration of the sacrament of baptism."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Ought not teaching, or preaching of the word, to go before baptism?", "answer": "Yes; because our Lord has joined them together, Matt. 28:19 - \"Go ye, therefore, and TEACH all nations, BAPTISING them,\" &c. And accordingly it was the uniform practice of the apostles to preach when they baptised, Acts 2:38-41; 8:35, 38, and 16:32, 33."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Is naming of children necessary at baptism?", "answer": "No; baptism dispensed by sprinkling of water, together with the words of institution, is every way valid and complete, though the person baptised is not named at all."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "But was not the naming of children, at circumcision, an ancient practice among the Jews? Luke 1:59.", "answer": "It was so; and the names of children may be published at baptism still, provided it is not looked upon as essential to that solemn ordinance; for it is the parent, and not the minister, who gives the name."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "May baptism be administered in private?", "answer": "It is more agreeable to the nature of this ordinance, when the Lord gives his people peace and opportunity for their public assemblies, that it be administered wherever the congregation is orderly called together, to wait on the dispensing of the word, Acts 2:41.151"}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What if the child should be removed by death, before such a regular opportunity can be had?", "answer": "Then the parents may comfort themselves in this, that they were neither guilty of an unnecessary delay, nor of contemning the ordinance; and that, in these circumstances, the want of it cannot harm the child, 2 Sam. 12:18, 23."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "With what frame and disposition of mind ought this sacrament to be dispensed and witnessed?", "answer": "With a firm persuasion that it is an ordinance of God; with a filial and reverential fear of him on our spirits; and with gratitude and thankfulness for the inestimable benefits that are signified and sealed in it."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "How often is baptism to be administered to any person?", "answer": "But once only, Acts 19:4, 5."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Why but once only?", "answer": "Because when our ingrafting into Christ (which is the comprehensive benefit signified and sealed in baptism) once takes place, it is never repeated, but remains firm and inviolable for ever, John 17:23."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "To whom is baptism not to be administered?", "answer": "Baptism is not to be administered to any that are out of the visible church."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Whom do you understand by those that are out of the visible church?", "answer": "All infidels, or such as are Jews, or Heathens, and their children."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Why may not these be baptised?", "answer": "Because being strangers from the covenant of promise, they can have no right to the seals of it, Eph. 2:12."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "May infidels in no event be baptised?", "answer": "Yes, they may, so soon as they profess their faith in Christ, and obedience to him."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What is it to profess faith in Christ?", "answer": "It is to profess a belief of the whole doctrines of the Christian religion, Acts 8:37."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What is it to profess obedience to him?", "answer": "It is to yield an external subjection to all the ordinances and institutions of Christ, Acts 2:46."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Whom does such a profession respect?", "answer": "It respects only the adult, or such as are grown up to ripeness of age."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Have not INFANTS (who can make no such profession) a right to baptism?", "answer": "Yes; the infants of such as are members of the visible church are to be baptised."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "Who are the members of the visible church?", "answer": "They \"are all such as profess the true religion, and their children.\"152"}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What are we to understand by the true religion?", "answer": "We are to understand by it the whole of those doctrines deduced from the holy scriptures, which are contained in our Confession of Faith, and Catechisms, as agreeing, in the main, with the Confessions of other reformed churches, 2 Tim. 1:13 - \"Hold fast the form of sound words.\""}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What is it to profess the true religion?", "answer": "It is openly to acknowledge, on all proper occasions, a steadfast adherence to the whole of divine truth; without espousing or countenancing any opposite error, Psalm 119:105. Rom. 10:10."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Is a bare profession of the true religion sufficient?", "answer": "No; for \"faith without works is dead.\" James 2:26."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Upon what ground have the infants of such as are members of the visible church a right to baptism?", "answer": "Upon the ground of the grace and goodness of God in the promise, including them in the same covenant with their parents; as in the promise made to Abraham, Gen. 17:7 - \"I will establish my covenant between me and thee, and thy seed after thee - to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee.\""}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "But what if this promise of including the seed in the same covenant with the parents have a respect only to the natural offspring of Abraham, and to none else?", "answer": "The apostle Peter plainly affirms, that it is a promise of the covenant of grace, extending to the Gentiles, as well as to the Jews; and, at the same time, that it is the foundation of church-membership, and consequently, of baptism, when he says, Acts 2:38, 39, \"Repent, and be baptised, every one of you; - for the promise is unto you, and to your children, and to all that are afar off, even as many as the Lord our God shall call.\""}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How does it appear from the text, that the promise of assuming the children into the same covenant with their parents, extends to the Gentile nations?", "answer": "Because the apostle says, that the promise is unto \"all that are AFAR OFF, even as many as the Lord our God shall call;\" namely, by the external call or the word, which is appointed to be published \"to every creature,\" Mark 16:15."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "How does it appear, that this promise is the foundation of churchmembership, and consequently of baptism?", "answer": "It appears from this, that the apostle enforces his exhortation to repent, and be baptised, upon the adult persons to whom he is speaking, from this powerful and encouraging motive, that then their children should have a right and title to the privileges of the same covenant of promise, and the seal of which they themselves were to receive in their baptism; \"Repent,\" says he, \"and be baptised; for the promise is unto you and to your children.\""}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "To what promise does the apostle here point?", "answer": "He points at the promise made to Abraham, Gen. 17:7 - \"I will be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee.\""}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "What seal was annexed to this promise, or promulgation of the covenant of grace, made to Abraham?", "answer": "The seal of circumcision, ver. 10 - \"This is my covenant, which ye shall keep between me and you; - Every man-child among you shall be circumcised.\" And ver. 12 - \"He that is eight days old shall be circumcised among you.\""}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What connexion is there between circumcising the seed of Abraham on the eighth day, under the Old Testament, and baptising the children of professing parents under the New?", "answer": "The connexion is, that though circumcision and baptism be different signs, yet they are both of them seals of the same covenant of grace; and since the infant-seed of Abraham received the seal of circumcision under the Old Testament, by parity of reason, the infant children of professing parents should receive the seal of baptism under the New; especially as baptism is now come in the room of circumcision."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "How do you prove, from scripture, that baptism is come in the room of circumcision?", "answer": "From Col. 2:10-12 - \"Ye are complete in him - in whom, also, ye are circumcised with the circumcision made WITHOUT hands - buried with him in baptism, wherein also ye are risen with him.\""}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "How does it appear, from this text, that baptism is now come in the room of circumcision?", "answer": "From the plain and obvious scope of it, which is to show, that there is no need now of that circumcision which was outward in the flesh, as we have all the blessed fruits and effects of Christ's death and resurrection more clearly, and, at the same time, more extensively, represented and sealed in baptism; which is dispensed equally to both sexes."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "What would be the consequence, if the infants of professing parents, under the New Testament, were not admitted to the initiating seal of the covenant, as well as the infants of the Jews under the Old?", "answer": "The consequence would be, that the privileges of the New Testament church would be more abridged and lessened, than those of the Old, whereas they are rather increased and enlarged, Isaiah 54:2, 3."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "How can infants be baptised, when they are incapable of making a profession of their faith, which seems to be required in order to baptism? Acts 8:37.", "answer": "An explicit or formal profession of faith, is required only of them that are adult, or come to age, when they are to be baptised: but not of infants now, any more than when they were circumcised of old, on the eighth day after their birth."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "Are infants capable of the blessings signified and sealed in baptism?", "answer": "Undoubtedly they are; for some of them have been filled with the Holy Ghost even from their mother's womb, Luke 1:15; and, consequently, by grace capable of regeneration, pardon, and eternal life; wherefore the sign and seal of these blessings ought not to be withheld."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "How are children of professing parents designated in scripture?", "answer": "If any one of the parents be a visible believer, or regular church-member, the children, on that account, are called holy, 1 Cor. 7:14 - \"The unbelieving husband is sanctified by the wife; and the unbelieving wife is sanctified by the husband; else were your children unclean, but now are they holy.\""}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "What holiness is here meant?", "answer": "Federal holiness, or being admitted to church membership, together with their believing or professing parent."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "May not this holiness be understood of legitimacy, or being lawfully begotten?", "answer": "No; because marriage being an ordinance of the law of nature, the children of married parents, though both of them be infidels, are as lawfully begotten as those of professing Christians."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "How does federal holiness entitle an infant to baptism?", "answer": "Federal holiness necessarily supposes a being within the covenant, in virtue of the credible profession of the parent; and, consequently, a right to the initiatory seal of it."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "Is there any express precept in the New Testament for baptising the infants of visible believers?", "answer": "The privilege of the infant seed of visible church members, having been settled ever since Abraham's time, and never reversed, there was no need of any more than the general precept, \"Go, teach and baptise,\" Matt. 28:19."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "Why is there need of no precept more express than this general one?", "answer": "Because the infants' privilege of being assumed into the same covenant with their parents is declared to be continued in New Testament times, Acts 2:39 - \"The promise is unto you, and to your children.\""}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "Have we any scripture example for infant baptism?", "answer": "Yes; the apostles baptised whole households or families at once; such as the household of Lydia, Acts 16:15; all the jailer's family, ver. 33; and the household of Stephanas, 1 Cor. 1:16."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "But there is no mention of their baptising infants in those families.", "answer": "Neither is there mention of their baptising adult persons in them; only, since they baptised the whole, it may be inferred that there were some infants, or young ones, among them."}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "\"How is our baptism to be improved by us?\"", "answer": "\"By serious and thankful consideration of the nature of it, and of the ends for which Christ instituted it; - by being humbled for our sinful defilement, our falling short of, and walking contrary to our engagements; - and by endeavouring to live by faith, to have our conversation in holiness and righteousness, as those that have therein given up their names to Christ, and to walk in brotherly love, as being baptised by the same Spirit into one body.\"153"}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "When should we thus improve our baptism?", "answer": "\"All our life long, especially in the time of temptation, and when we are present at the administration of it to others.\"154"}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "96", "sort_key": 96, "question": "What is the Lord's Supper?", "answer": "The Lord's supper is a sacrament, wherein, by giving and receiving bread and wine, according to Christ's appointments his death is showed forth; and the worthy receivers are, not after a corporal and carnal manner, but by faith, made partakers of his body and blood, with all his benefits, to their spiritual nourishment, and growth in grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Why is this sacrament compared to a supper?", "answer": "Because it was instituted immediately after eating the passover, (Matt. 26:26), which was always at night, Ex. 12:6, 8."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Why is it called the Lord's supper?", "answer": "Because the Lord Jesus was the sole author of it, 1 Cor. 11:23; and it is highly requisite it should be so."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Why was it highly requisite that the Lord Jesus should be the sole author of this holy ordinance?", "answer": "Because all the grace that is held forth in it, is treasured up wholly in him; and is conveyed and applied by him to the soul, John 1:16."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "When did Christ institute and appoint this sacrament?", "answer": "\"The same night in which he was betrayed,\" 1 Cor. 11:23."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What night was that?", "answer": "It was the very last night before his death, Matt. 26:47, 48, compared with chap. 27:1, 35, 46, 50."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is implied in his instituting this sacrament the same night in which he was betrayed?", "answer": "It implies his infinite goodness, and inviolable attachment to mankind lost, whom he represented; that in the immediate prospect of his greatest sufferings and soul agonies in their stead, he should have their salvation and comfort so much at heart, as to leave this memorial and pledge of his dying love among them, till he come again, Matt. 26:29."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Are Christians under any obligation to celebrate this ordinance at night, as our Lord and his disciples did at the first institution of it?", "answer": "No; the substitution of this sacrament in the room of the passover, (which was eaten immediately before) was the occasion of its being first administered at night; and that particular occasion can never recur again."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "In what posture should the Lord's supper be received?", "answer": "This sacrament being called the Lord's table, 1 Cor. 10:21, a table posture, which is sitting, seems to be most agreeable to the practice of our Lord, and his disciples, at the first supper, Matt. 26:20, 26."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "From whence did the practice of kneeling at the sacrament take its rise?", "answer": "From the church of Rome, who maintain that the consecrated bread, or wafer, is changed into the real body of Christ, and therefore to be worshipped."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What are the outward ELEMENTS, appointed by Christ, in this sacrament?", "answer": "They are bread and wine, Mark 14:22, 23."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What sort of bread and wine is proper to be used?", "answer": "Just such as is ordinarily used in entertainments among men."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Is the sacrament of the supper to be received, by every partaker, in both elements?", "answer": "Certainly it ought; for our Lord gave both elements to his disciples; and the apostle appoints both the elements to be dispensed to communicants, 1 Cor. 11:28 - \"Let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that BREAD, and drink of that CUP.\" And therefore the withholding of the cup from the people, as is done by the church of Rome, is both sacrilegious and impious."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is signified by the bread and the wine?", "answer": "The body and blood of Christ, 1 Cor. 11:24, 25."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is to be understood by Christ's body and blood?", "answer": "His incarnation and satisfaction, for the complete accomplishment of our redemption, John 6:51 - \"The bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world.\""}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What is the analogy, or resemblance, between the bread and wine, and what is signified and represented by these elements?", "answer": "As bread and wine make a sufficient entertainment for the nourishment of the body; so the righteousness and fulness of Christ, are a full and satisfying feast for the refreshment of the soul, John 6:55 - \"My flesh is meat indeed, and my blood is drink indeed.\""}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What are the sacramental actions with reference to these elements?", "answer": "They are all of them comprehended in the answer, under giving and receiving bread and wine, according to Christ's appointment."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Whom do these sacramental actions respect?", "answer": "Some of them respect the administrator, and some the partakers in this holy ordinance."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Who are the administrators of this sacrament?", "answer": "Christ himself was the first administrator of it; and after him, ministers of the word, lawfully called and set apart to that office."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What were the actions of Christ, the first administrator, which ministers are to imitate, in dispensing this sacrament?", "answer": "After his example, they take the bread, and the cup; they bless these elements; they break the bread, and give both the bread and the wine to be distributed among the communicants."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What is meant by taking the bread and the cup?", "answer": "Christ's voluntarily assuming the human nature into union with his divine person, Heb. 2:16, that in it he might be a sacrifice of infinite value in our stead, Eph. 5:2."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What is implied in blessing the elements?", "answer": "That Christ has appointed the bread and the wine in this sacrament to be the visible signs or symbols of his body and blood; and likewise, by his example, has warranted ministers to set apart, by solemn prayer, so much of these elements, as shall be used in this sacrament, from a common, to a holy use."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Why is Christ's blessing the elements called his giving thanks? 1 Cor. 11:24.", "answer": "Because so inconceivably great was his love to lost sinners of mankind, that he was thankful he had all their debt to pay, Psalm 40:7, 8; and that he was able to do it to the uttermost, Heb. 7:25."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What is to be understood by breaking the bread?", "answer": "The most exquisite sufferings of the Son of God, Psalm 22:14, 15, and the necessity of them, as the channel, in which mercy was to be vented to the sinner, Rom. 5:21."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What is intimated to us by giving the bread and giving the cup? Matt. 26:26, 27.", "answer": "It intimates, that Christ is the free gift of God to sinners of mankind, for salvation and eternal life, John 3:16."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What are the sacramental actions of the partakers in this sacrament, included in their receiving of bread and wine?", "answer": "They take the bread and the cup: they eat the bread, and drink a part of the wine in the cup."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What is imported in their taking the bread and the cup?", "answer": "It imports, that our receiving of Christ, is founded on the gift and grant that is made of him in the word; for, \"a man can receive nothing, except it be given him from heaven,\" John 3:27."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What is included in their eating the bread, and drinking the wine?", "answer": "It includes that there ought to be an application of Christ to the soul in particular, in virtue of the particular endorsement of the promise, to every one that hears the gospel: \"For the promise,\" says the apostle Peter, \"is unto you, (that is, unto every one of you,) and to your children,\" Acts 2:39."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "For what end did Christ institute these sacramental elements and actions?", "answer": "That thereby his death, might be showed forth, 1 Cor. 11:26, and the remembrance of it kept up, Luke 22:19."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What is it to show forth the death of Christ?", "answer": "It is to profess, by partaking of the sacrament, that we believe his death, in our room, to have been most acceptable to God, Eph. 5:2; and that we acquiesce in it, together with his obedience, as the sole ground of our hope of salvation, Rom. 4:25."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "How does it appear, that his death, in our room, was most acceptable to God?", "answer": "By his resurrection from the dead, 1 Thess. 1:10 and his entrance into glory, Luke 24:26."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "How may we know if we acquiesce in the obedience and death of Christ, as the sole ground of our hope of salvation?", "answer": "If we are renouncing all other confidences, Hos. 14:3, and are convinced that the meritorious obedience unto death of the Son of God as our Surety, is the sole payment of the debt we owed to law and justice, Jer. 23:6 - \"This is his name whereby he shall be called, THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS.\""}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "Why has Christ appointed this sacrament to be observed in remembrance of him, Luke 22:19 - \"This do in remembrance of me?\"", "answer": "Because though his incarnation and satisfaction are the greatest events that ever happened in the world, and the most interesting to us, yet we are apt to forget them; or at least not to have the solid and lively impression of them habitually upon our spirits, Psalm 106:13 - \"They soon forgot his works.\""}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "What is it about the death of Christ which we ought to remember in this sacrament?", "answer": "The truth of it, the necessity of it, and the sufficiency of it."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "What is it to remember the truth of Christ's death?", "answer": "It is by a true and saving faith, to believe that Christ really did and suffered all these things for us, that are recorded of him in scripture, 1 Cor. 15:3, 4."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What is it to remember the necessity of his death, Luke 24:26 - \"Ought not Christ to have suffered these things?\"", "answer": "It is to believe, that we had certainly gone down to the pit, unless God had found a ransom, or an atonement, Job 33:24."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "What is it to remember the sufficiency of it?", "answer": "It is to believe that it is infinitely valuable; and, therefore, could have procured the salvation of thousands of worlds, had it been so ordained, it being the death and blood of him, who is the supreme God, Acts 20:28 - \"Feed the church of God, which he hath purchased with his own blood.\""}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "In what MANNER should we show forth and remember the death of Christ in this sacrament?", "answer": "We ought to do it fiducially,155 humbly, mournfully, and thankfully."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "Why ought we to remember his death fiducially?", "answer": "Because as he \"was delivered for our offences,\" Rom. 4:25, so \"God raised him up from the dead, and gave him glory, that our faith and hope might be in God,\" 1 Pet. 1:21."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "Why ought we to remember it humbly?", "answer": "Because when we are unworthy of the least of all God's mercies, Gen. 32:10, we are much more so of the greatest that can be conferred, John 3:16 - \"God so loved the world\" &c."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "Why mournfully?", "answer": "Because our sins were the procuring cause of his sufferings, Isaiah 53:5, 6 - \"He was wounded for OUR transgressions, he was bruised for OUR iniquities - The Lord hath laid on him the iniquities of us all.\"156"}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "Why should the death of Christ be remembered thankfully?", "answer": "Because his death was in our room, Titus 2:14; and was the finishing stroke of the work which his Father gave him to do, John 19:30."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "How often should the death of Christ be remembered, by partaking of this sacrament?", "answer": "The scripture has not precisely determined how often; but it would appear that it ought frequently to be done."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "How does it appear that the death of Christ should be frequently remembered in the supper?", "answer": "From the words of our Lord, 1 Cor. 11:25, 26 - \"This do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me; for, AS OFTEN as ye eat this bread,\" &c., plainly implying, that it ought OFTEN to be done."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "When will the death of Christ be remembered perpetually, without interruption?", "answer": "In heaven, though not in a sacramental way, Rev. 21:22 - \"I saw no temple there.\""}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "How may it be proved, that it will be perpetually remembered in heaven?", "answer": "From the song of the redeemed there, recorded, Rev. 1:5, 6 - \"Unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood - to him be glory.\" And chap. 5:9-14 - \"And they sung a new song; saying - Thou wast slain, and hast redeemed us to God by thy blood,\" &c."}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "Who are called worthy receivers, in the answer?", "answer": "None are worthy receivers of this sacrament, but true believers; and even they, in order to their partaking worthily and comfortably, ought to have grace in exercise, as well as in the habit; Song 1:12."}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "Why are true believers called WORTHY receivers?", "answer": "Not on account of any worthiness in themselves, for they have nothing of their own of which they can boast; but because they are united to Christ, and have all that grace from him, which enables them to partake in a suitable and becoming manner, 2 Cor. 3:5."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "What are the worthy receivers made partakers of in this sacrament?", "answer": "They are made partakers of Christ's body and blood, with all his benefits."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "What is it to be partakers of Christ's body and blood?", "answer": "It is to be entertained, in the sacrament upon all that was transacted upon the person of Christ, as God-man, Mediator: this being the only proper and suitable food of the soul, John 6:51, 53."}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "In what respect is it, that the worthy receivers are NOT made partakers of his body and blood?", "answer": "They are not made partakers after a corporal and carnal manner."}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "Why are these words inserted in the answer, not after a corporal and carnal manner?", "answer": "They are inserted in opposition to the Popish doctrine of transubstantiation, \"which maintains a change of the substance of bread and wine, into the substance of Christ's body and blood, by consecration of a priest.\"157"}, {"item_id": "52", "question": "What is the absurdity of this doctrine?", "answer": "It is \"repugnant not to scripture alone, but even to common sense and reason; overthroweth the nature of the sacrament; and hath been and is the cause of manifold superstitions, yea, of gross idolatries.\"158"}, {"item_id": "53", "question": "How is it repugnant to scripture?", "answer": "The scripture expressly affirms, that Christ gave the very same bread and cup to his disciples, after consecration, that he had taken into his hands before, Matt. 26:26, 27. Whereas the doctrine of transubstantiation maintains, that the elements, after consecration, are no more the same, having only the form, colour, taste, and smell of bread and wine, wanting the substance of either; being turned into the substance of Christ's body and blood; in opposition to which, the apostle calls the elements, after consecration, by the same names they had before it, to intimate, that there was no change of their substance, 1 Cor. 11:26-28 - \"As often as ye eat this BREAD, and drink this CUP,\" &c."}, {"item_id": "54", "question": "How is transubstantiation repugnant to common sense and reason?", "answer": "Common sense and reason tell us, that a body occupies but one place, and cannot be in divers places at one and the same time; whereas they who defend transubstantiation must allow, that the body of Christ may be in a thousand places at once, even as many places as there are consecrated wafers."}, {"item_id": "55", "question": "How does transubstantiation overthrow the nature of the sacrament?", "answer": "By destroying the spiritual or sacramental relation, that is between the sign and the thing signified; for if the sign be turned into the thing signified, then all relation and similitude between them cease. Besides, the sacrament being a commemoration of what was done and suffered in the human nature of Christ, it supposes his body to be absent, whereas transubstantiation supposes it present."}, {"item_id": "56", "question": "How is it the cause of manifold superstitions and gross idolatries?", "answer": "In as much as strange and surprising effects are ascribed to the host, or consecrated wafer, even when not used sacramentally; and the alleged change of the bread and wine, into the substance of Christ's body and blood in the sacrament, is the very pretence, why they pay religious worship and adoration to the elements themselves; which is gross superstition and idolatry."}, {"item_id": "57", "question": "What is the difference between the Papists and Lutherans on this head?", "answer": "The Papists maintain, that the bread and wine lose their own natural substance, and are turned into the substance of Christ's body and blood; but the Lutherans affirm, that the bread and wine retain their own natural substance still, and, at the same time, that the substance of Christ's body and blood is in, with, or under, these elements."}, {"item_id": "58", "question": "Are not both opinions equally absurd?", "answer": "Yes; for transubstantiation supposes, that one body may be in many places at the same time; and consubstantiation takes it for granted, that two bodies may be together in the very same place, or that they may both occupy the same individual space at the same time."}, {"item_id": "59", "question": "Is Christ offered up, in this sacrament, as a sacrifice for the remission of sins?", "answer": "No; there is in it \"only a commemoration of that one offering up of himself, by himself; upon the cross, once for all; and a spiritual oblation of all possible praise unto God for the same.159"}, {"item_id": "60", "question": "Why does our Confession say, that Christ's once offering up of himself was done BY HIMSELF?", "answer": "In opposition to the unbloody sacrifice of the mass, which is offered up daily by the Popish priests, for remission of the sins both of the quick and the dead."}, {"item_id": "61", "question": "What does our Confession of Faith affirm concerning this Popish \"sacrifice of the mass,\" as they call it?", "answer": "It affirms, that it is \"most abominably injurious to Christ's one only sacrifice, the alone propitiation for all the sins of the elect, Heb. 7:27.\"160"}, {"item_id": "62", "question": "Is not Christ really present in the sacrament of the supper?", "answer": "He is \"as really, but spiritually, present to the faith of believers in that ordinance, as the elements themselves are to their outward senses, 1 Cor. 11:29.\"161"}, {"item_id": "63", "question": "If Christ be really present in the sacrament only in a spiritual sense, and not corporally, why does he say of the bread, \"This is my body\"?", "answer": "The plain and obvious meaning is, \"This bread is the sign or symbol of my body\": so that the words are to be understood in the figurative, not in the literal sense."}, {"item_id": "64", "question": "How do you prove, that these words, \"This is my body,\" are to be understood in the figurative, and not in the literal and proper sense?", "answer": "From this known rule in all language, that when the strict literal sense involves a manifest absurdity, or contradiction, we must of necessity have recourse to the figurative sense; as when the apostle says, 1 Cor. 10:4 - \"That rock was Christ,\" it cannot be understood literally, as if that rock, materially considered, was really Christ; but, figuratively, that rock signified Christ; and so of a great many other scripture expressions."}, {"item_id": "65", "question": "Since the worthy receivers are not made partakers of Christ's body and blood after a corporal and carnal manner, how do they partake of the same?", "answer": "They partake of his body and blood, in this sacrament, only by faith."}, {"item_id": "66", "question": "What is it for the worthy receivers to partake of his body and blood by faith?", "answer": "It is to apply and appropriate himself and his righteousness, with all his benefits, to themselves, Psalm 16:5, 6."}, {"item_id": "67", "question": "What are these benefits which faith, in this sacrament, applies together with Christ himself?", "answer": "Among many others, there are these three comprehensive ones; namely, an ample indemnity of all sin, Micah 7:19; an unquestionable security for the progress of sanctification, Job 17:9; and an undoubted title to eternal life, John 10:28."}, {"item_id": "68", "question": "Why are these, and the like, called his benefits?", "answer": "Because he is the purchaser, Titus 2:14, proprietor, John 3:35, and dispenser of them, Eph. 4:8."}, {"item_id": "69", "question": "Why are worthy receivers said to be made partakers of all his benefits?", "answer": "Because where himself is received, all good things go along with him, 1 Cor. 3:22, 23 - \"all are yours; and ye are Christ's.\""}, {"item_id": "70", "question": "What is the fruit and effect of their being, by faith, made partakers of Christ, and all his benefits?", "answer": "The fruit and effect of it is, their spiritual nourishment, and growth in grace."}, {"item_id": "71", "question": "What does their spiritual nourishment imply in it?", "answer": "That this sacrament is not a converting, but a nourishing ordinance."}, {"item_id": "72", "question": "What does their growth in grace imply?", "answer": "That the worthy receivers are already in a state of grace."}, {"item_id": "73", "question": "How may spiritual nourishment and growth in grace be discerned?", "answer": "If there is a more enlarged desire after the sincere milk of the word, 1 Pet. 2:2; if there is more living by faith, and not by sense, 2 Cor. 5:7; and if there is more inward opposition to sin, Psalm 66:18, and outward tenderness in the walk, Psalm 39:1."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "97", "sort_key": 97, "question": "What is required to the worthy receiving of the Lord's supper?", "answer": "It is required of them that would worthily partake of the Lord's supper, that they examine themselves of their knowledge to discern the Lord's body, of their faith to feed upon him, of their repentance, love, and new obedience; lest, coming unworthily, they eat and drink judgment to themselves.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What preparatory duty is here required of those that would partake of the Lord's supper?", "answer": "It is, that they examine themselves, 1 Cor. 11:28 - \"But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup.\""}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is it for persons to examine themselves?", "answer": "It is to make a strict inquiry into, and to pass an impartial judgment upon their spiritual state and frame, by the rule of the word, Psalm 77:6, and 119:105."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is the best and most successful way of essaying this duty?", "answer": "It is to put it into the hand of the Spirit of God to manage it for us, Psalm 139:23, 24 - \"Search me, O God, and know my heart,\" &c."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Why is self-examination necessary before receiving the Lord's supper?", "answer": "Because it is peremptorily commanded, in order to discover whether we be in a gracious state; or, if we have grace in any measure of exercise; without either of which there can be no comfortable participation of this ordinance: \"Let a man examine himself, and so let him eat.\""}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Is this the duty of every man, or of some only?", "answer": "It is unquestionably the duty of every man: \"Let a man examine himself;\" that is, every man and woman, without exception, whether they think themselves gracious or graceless."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Why should a gracious man examine himself?", "answer": "Because \"there is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good and sinneth not,\" Eccl. 7:20."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Why should they, who think they are graceless, examine themselves?", "answer": "Because \"they that be whole need not a physician, but they that are sick,\" Matt. 9:12. They thus come to see more clearly their absolute need of Christ."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Is self-examination the duty of those only who are to partake for the first time?", "answer": "It is the duty of persons every time they venture to partake of this ordinance, as the words of the precept evidenty bear, \"so let him eat;\" that is, let none approach this holy table at any time without first essaying this duty."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Is self-examination to be practised only about the time of communion?", "answer": "It ought to be practised daily or habitually, 2 Cor. 13:5; and especially in the view of such a solemn approach to the Lord at his table."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What are those things, about which they that would worthily partake of the Lord's supper are required to examine themselves?.", "answer": "They are required to examine themselves of their knowledge - of their faith - of their repentance, love, and new obedience."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What are they to try or examine about their knowledge?", "answer": "If they have a competent measure of it; and if the measure they have, be of a saving kind."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What is that competent measure of knowledge, which is requisite to the worthy receiving of the Lord's supper?", "answer": "That there be some understanding of the person, offices, and righteousness of Christ; of the fulness, freedom, and stability of the covenant of grace; of the nature, use, and end, of the sacrament of the supper; and likewise of our own manifold sins and wants."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Why is such a knowledge necessary?", "answer": "It is necessary, to discern the Lord's body."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is it to discern the Lord's body in this sacrament?", "answer": "It is to view the meritorious atonement, made by the Son of God in our nature, through the symbols of bread and wine, which are designed to signify and represent the same."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Who are they who are guilty of not discerning the, Lord's body?", "answer": "They who rest in partaking of the outward elements, without a firm belief of the mysteries that are wrapped up in them."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "How may we know if the measure of knowledge we have attained, be of a saving kind?", "answer": "If we think we know nothing yet, as we ought to know, 1 Cor. 8:2; if we are following on to know the Lord more and more, Hos. 6:3; and if our knowledge influences our practice, John 13:17 - \"If ye know these things, happy are ye if ye do them.\""}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Why is faith necessary to the worthy partaking of the Lord's supper?", "answer": "It is necessary in order to feed upon him."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What is it to feed upon Christ in the sacrament of the supper?", "answer": "It is to receive into our souls, from his fulness, all that spiritual good which is exhibited to us in the promise, John 1:16."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is it of Christ that faith feeds upon in the sacrament?", "answer": "It feeds upon all those discoveries of him that are made in the word; such as, his person, offices, mediatorial character, and relations, John 6:57."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "How may we know if we have that faith which feeds on Christ in the word and sacrament?", "answer": "Where this true and saving faith is, it is of an appetising nature, whetting the spiritual appetite after more and more of him, Isaiah 26:8, 9; it purifies the heart, Acts 15:9; accounts all things but loss for Christ, Phil. 3:8; and is careful to maintain good works, Titus 3:8."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What is the use of repentance in this sacrament?", "answer": "Without repentance there can be no mourning for sin, which is an inseparable concomitant of faith's looking to, or improving a crucified Saviour in this ordinance, Zech. 12:10 - \"They shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him.\""}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "How may we know if our repentance be genuine or of a right kind?", "answer": "It is true and genuine, if we are grieved for sin as it is offensive to God, Psalm 51:4; if we are forsaking, and turning from it both in heart and life, Hos. 14:8; and, particularly, if we are deeply affected with the sin of unbelief, John 16:9."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What necessity is there for the exercise of the grace of love in partaking of the Lord's supper?", "answer": "Without love to Christ, there can be no communion with him in this, or any other ordinance, John 14:21 - \"He that loveth me, shall be loved of my Father, and I will love him, and I will manifest myself to him.\""}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "How may we know if our love to Christ be sincere and unfeigned?", "answer": "If it put us upon essaying the most difficult duties he may call us to, Psalm 23:4; if it engage us to put a favourable construction upon the afflicting providences we meet with in our lot, Heb. 12:10, and if we love his members out of love to himself, or because they are \"begotten of him,\" 1 John 5:1."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Why is the obedience required of worthy receivers called new obedience?", "answer": "Because it flows from a new principle of faith and love, Gal. 5:6; it is performed in a new manner, namely, in the strength of \"the grace that is in Christ Jesus,\" 2 Tim; 2:1, and is directed to a new end, even the glory of God; 1 Cor. 10:31."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "How may we know if our obedience is indeed new obedience?", "answer": "If we are conscientiously diligent in the practice of every duty, and at the same time look on ourselves as unprofitable servants, Luke 17:10, and lean wholly to the surety-righteousness as the sole ground of our acceptance, Isaiah 45:24."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What risk do they run who omit to examine themselves as to the above graces, before they come to the Lord's table?", "answer": "They run the risk of coming unworthily."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What is it to come unworthily?", "answer": "It is to come without any real sense, or consciousness of the need that we stand in of Christ, as \"of God made unto us wisdom, righteousness, sanctification, and redemption,\" 1 Cor. 1:30."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What danger do they incur who thus come unworthily?", "answer": "They eat and drink judgment to themselves, 1 Cor. 11:29."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "In what sense can they who come unworthily, be said to eat and drink judgment to themselves?", "answer": "In so far as by their eating and drinking unworthily, they do that which renders them obnoxious to the righteous judgment of God."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "To what judgment do they render themselves obnoxious?", "answer": "To temporal judgments, or afflictions of various kinds, in the present life; and to eternal judgment, or condemnation (if mercy prevent not) in the life to come, 1 Cor. 11:30, 32."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "\"May not one who doubteth of his being in Christ, or of his due preparation, come to the Lord's supper?", "answer": "\"If he be duly affected with the apprehension of the want of\" an interest in Christ, \"and unfeignedly desires to be found in him, and to depart from iniquity:\" in that case, \"he is to bewail his unbelief, and labour to have his doubts resolved; and, in so doing, he may and ought to come to the Lord's supper, that he may be further strengthened.\"162"}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "When may a person be said to be duly affected with the apprehension of his want of an interest in Christ?", "answer": "When he is filled with a restless uneasiness, and can take no comfort in any outward enjoyment, while he thinks himself destitute of an interest in Christ; and, at the same time, is active and diligent in the use of all the ordinary means, in which Christ is usually to be found, Song 3:1-5."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "\"May any who profess their faith, and desire to Come to the Lord's supper, be kept from it?\"", "answer": "\"Such as are found to be ignorant or scandalous, notwithstanding their profession of the faith, and desire to come to the Lord's supper, may and ought to be kept from that sacrament, by the power which Christ hath left in his church; until they receive instruction, and manifest their reformation.\"163"}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "Why ought the ignorant to be kept back?", "answer": "Because they cannot discern the Lord's body, nor comprehend the end and design of this sacrament; and, therefore, will but eat and drink judgment to themselves, 1 Cor. 11:29."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "Why ought the scandalous to be kept back from this sacrament?", "answer": "Because, by the habitual immorality of their practice, they manifest themselves to be under the dominion of the prince of darkness; and, therefore, while in that state, can have no right to the privileges which belong only to the members of Christ's family, 1 Cor. 10:21."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "\"What is required of them that receive the sacrament of the Lord's supper, in the time of the administration of it?\"", "answer": "\"It is required of them, that they - heedfully discern the Lord's body, and affectionately meditate on his death and sufferings, and thereby stir up themselves to a vigorous exercise of their graces; in sorrowing for sin, hungering and thirsting after Christ, feeding on him by faith - and in renewing their covenant with God, and love to all the saints.\"164"}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "What is it for the Lord's people to renew their covenant with him at his table?", "answer": "It is to acquiesce anew in the covenant of grace, as made with Christ, Isaiah 44:5; and, in so doing, to surrender themselves to the Lord, to be wholly his, trusting that he will keep them by his power, \"through faith unto salvation,\" 1 Pet. 1:5."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "What is it for them to renew their love to all the saints on that occasion?", "answer": "It is to embrace the opportunity of being at the Lord's table, to breathe out the secret and habitual desires of their souls before him, that all the saints, as well as themselves, may share abundantly out of the fulness of Christ, Psalm 90:14; and that they keep themselves \"in the love of God, looking for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ unto eternal life,\" Jude ver. 21."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "What is the duty of Christians, after they have received the sacrament of the Lord's supper?", "answer": "It is \"seriously to consider how they have behaved themselves therein, and with what success; if they find quickening and comfort, to bless God for it, beg the continuance of it, watch against relapses, fulfil their vows, and encourage themselves to a frequent attendance on that ordinance.\"165"}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "What is it to fulfil our vows?", "answer": "It is to set about the practice of all commanded duty, according to our engagements, Psalm 116:16, 18; and at the same time depend upon the grace and furniture that is in Christ Jesus for the right performance of it, Phil. 4:13."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "What if Christians can find no present benefit by their attendance on this ordinance?", "answer": "Then they are \"more exactly to review their preparation for, and carriage at the sacrament; in both which, if they can approve themselves to God, and their own consciences, they are to wait for the fruit of it in due time.\"166"}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "What if they have failed in their preparation for, and carriage at the sacrament?", "answer": "Then \"they are to be humbled, and attend upon it afterward, with more care and diligence.\"167"}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "\"Wherein do the sacraments of baptism and the Lord's supper agree?\"", "answer": "\"In that the author of both is God; the spiritual part of both is Christ and his benefits; both are seals of the same covenant; and to be continued in the church of Christ until his second coming.\"168"}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "In what do they differ?", "answer": "In that baptism is to be administered but once, with water, to be a sign and seal of our regeneration and in-grafting into Christ, and that even to infants: whereas the Lord's supper is to be administered often, in the elements of bread and wine, to represent and exhibit Christ as spiritual nourishment to the soul, and to confirm our continuance and growth in him, and that only to such as are of years and ability to examine themselves.\"169"}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "98", "sort_key": 98, "question": "What is prayer?", "answer": "Prayer is an offering up of our desires to God for things agreeable to his will, in the name of Christ with confession of our sins, and thankful acknowledgment of his mercies.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "\"Are we to pray to God only?\"", "answer": "\"God only being to be believed in, and worshipped with religious worship, prayer, which is a special part thereof, is to be made by all to him alone, and to none other.\"170"}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "Why is prayer to be made by all to God alone, and to none other?", "answer": "Because \"God only is able to search the hearts, hear the requests, pardon the sins, and fulfil the desires of all.\"171"}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "May we not direct our prayers to any of the persons of the adorable Trinity?", "answer": "To be sure we may: for the Three-one God being the sole object of religious worship, whichever of the three persons we address, the other two are understood as included, 2 Cor. 13:14."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Why may we not pray to angels, or saints departed?", "answer": "Because it would be gross idolatry, they being but mere creatures; nor can they supply the wants, nor remove the miseries which sin has brought upon us."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Do we pray to God to inform him of what he knew not before?", "answer": "Not at all: for from eternity he knew all the thoughts that ever should pass through our minds in time, Psalm 139:2, 4."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Do we pray to him that we may alter his mind, or incline him to any thing which he was formerly unwilling to grant?", "answer": "No; for with him is \"no variableness, neither shadow of turning,\" James 1:17; but we pray to him, that we may obtain what we know and believe he is willing to confer, 1 John 5:14 - \"This is the confidence that we have in him, that if we ask anything according to his will, he heareth us.\""}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What are the several parts of prayer mentioned in this answer?", "answer": "They are these three; petition, confession, and thanksgiving."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "In which of these does prayer properly consist?", "answer": "In PETITION, or supplication."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "How does the answer describe our petitions, or supplications?", "answer": "It describes them to be an offering up of our desires to God."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Why are our petitions called our desires?", "answer": "Because the words of our mouth, without the desires of our heart, are nothing but empty sounds in the ears of God, Isaiah 29:13 - \"This people draw near to me with their mouth, - but have removed their heart far from me.\""}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Why must there be an offering up of our desires to God?", "answer": "Because prayers are \"spiritual sacrifices,\" 1 Pet. 2:5; and all sacrifices were appointed to be offered to God only, 2 Kings 17:35, 36."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "From whence flow the desires of the heart?", "answer": "From a sense of need: we cannot have any earnest desire after that, with the want of which we are no way affected; for, \"the full soul loatheth a honey comb,\" Proverbs 27:7."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "For what THINGS ought we to offer up our desires to God?", "answer": "For things agreeable to his will."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What will of God are we to have our eye upon, when we ask any thing from him?", "answer": "Not upon his secret, but his revealed will, Deut. 29:29."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How shall we know, if what we ask be agreeable to his revealed will?", "answer": "If we ask what he has promised, we are sure it is agreeable to his revealed will to confer it, because the promise is to us, Acts 2:39."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Are we straitened, or narrowed, in our requests, when we are confined to the promise as the subject-matter of them?", "answer": "By no means; for the promise contains infinitely more than we are able to \"ask or think,\" Eph. 3:20."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "May we ask temporal mercies at the hand of God?", "answer": "Yes; because they are promised, so far as we have any real need of them, Psalm 34:10; Isaiah 33:16."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Whether ought temporal or spiritual mercies to have the preference in our requests?", "answer": "Spiritual mercies ought to have the preference, Matt. 6:33 - \"SEEK ye FIRST the kingdom of God, and his righteousness, and all these things shall be added unto you.\""}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is meant by the kingdom of God, and his righteousness?", "answer": "The work of grace in the soul, and the surety-righteousness imputed, as the foundation of it, Rom. 8:4."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Why are these to be sought in the first place?", "answer": "Because absolutely necessary to salvation, Rom. 5:21."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "In whose NAME are we to ask things agreeable to God's will?", "answer": "In the name of Christ."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What is it to pray in the name of Christ?", "answer": "It is, \"in obedience to his command, and in confidence of his promise, to ask mercies for his sake?\"172"}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Is the bare mentioning of Christ's name, a praying therein?", "answer": "No; but a \"drawing our encouragement to pray, and our boldness, strength, and hope of acceptance in prayer, from Christ and his mediation.\"173"}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "\"Why are we to pray in the name of Christ?\"", "answer": "\"Because the sinfulness of man, and his distance from God, by reason thereof, is so great, as that we can have no access into his presence without a Mediator.\"176"}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Is there any other Mediator but Christ, in whose name we m174ay approach to God?", "answer": "No; \"there being none in heaven or earth appointed to, or fit for that glorious work but Christ alone, we are to pray in no other name but his only, Col. 3:17.177"}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "Can we, of ourselves, pray in a right manner?", "answer": "No; unless the Spirit of supplication is poured upon us, (Zech. 12:10) to help our infirmities; \"for we know not what to pray for as we ought,\" Rom. 8:26."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "How doth the Spirit help us to pray?", "answer": "By enabling us to understand both for whom, and what, and how prayer is to be made?\"175"}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "For whom are we to pray?", "answer": "For the whole church of Christ upon earth; for magistrates, and ministers; for ourselves, our brethren; yea, our enemies; and for all sorts of men living, or that shall live hereafter.\"176"}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "For what are we to pray, in behalf of the whole church of Christ upon earth?", "answer": "\"That they all may be one\" in Christ, the glorious head, John 17:21; and that they may \"grow up unto him in all things,\" Eph. 4:15, till they \"all come in the unity of the faith, and knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ,\" verse 13."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "For what should we pray with reference to magistrates?", "answer": "That they may not be \"a terror to good works, but to the evil,\" Rom. 13:3; and that, under them, we may lead a quiet and peaceable life, in all godliness and honesty, 1 Tim. 2:2."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "For what should we pray in behalf of ministers?", "answer": "That they may not SHUN to declare to their hearers \"the whole counsel of God,\" Acts 20:27; and that they may \"watch for their souls, as they that must give account,\" Heb. 13:17."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "Can we be hearty in praying for others, if we neglect to pray for ourselves?", "answer": "No; for if we are indifferent about the state of our own souls, it is impossible we can be concerned for others, any farther than our interest and affection bind us, Job 27:10."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "Who are our brethren for whom we are to pray?", "answer": "They are not only our kindred, according to the flesh, but all the members of the visible church; yea, all our fellow-creatures, 1 John 4:21."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "For what are we to pray in behalf of our, enemies?", "answer": "That their hearts may be changed, their tempers softened, that however they have treated us, they may be made Christ's friends, and partakers of eternal salvation through him, Matt. 5:44, compared with Luke 23:34."}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "If we are to pray for all sorts of men living, how may we pray about the Roman Antichrist?", "answer": "Out of the love we should bear to our fellow-creatures, who are under the yoke and dominion of the Roman Antichrist, we ought to pray no otherwise about him, than that the Lord would soon \"consume him with the Spirit of his mouth, and destroy him with the brightness of his coming,\" 2 Thess. 2:8."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "What do we mean, when we pray for those that shall live hereafter?", "answer": "We hereby desire, that Christ's kingdom and interest may be propagated and advanced in the world, until his second coming, Psalm 102:18; John 17:20."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "For whom are we not to pray?", "answer": "We are not to pray \"for the dead, 2 Sam. 12:23; nor for those that are known to have sinned the sin unto death, 1 John 5:16.\"177"}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "Why should we not pray for the dead?", "answer": "Because at death the state of every man and woman is unalterably fixed, Luke 14:22-27."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "How may those be known, who have sinned the sin unto death?", "answer": "By their rejection of the gospel which they once professed to embrace; by their malice and envy against Christ, and the way of salvation through him; by their treating the convincing evidences of Christianity, and the peculiar doctrines of it, with blasphemy and contempt; and by their rooted hatred of all religion, and the professors of it."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "Why are we not to pray for those, who are known to have sinned this sin?", "answer": "Because the sin against the Holy Ghost is declared, in scripture, to be unpardonable, Matt. 12:31, 32, in regard it is a wilful and blasphemous opposition to the testimony of the Spirit of God concerning Christ, as the only way of salvation, Luke 12:10.178"}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "For what things are we to pray?", "answer": "For all things tending to the glory of God, the welfare of the church, our own or others' good, but not for any thing that is unlawful.179"}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "How are we to pray?", "answer": "We are to pray - with understanding, faith, sincerity, fervency, love, and perseverance.180"}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "What is it to pray with understanding?", "answer": "It is to have some knowledge of God, who is the object of prayer, Psalm 65:2; of our own necessities, which are the subject-matter of it, Psalm 60:11; and of the promises, which are our encouragement in it, Num. 14:17-19."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "What is it to pray in faith?", "answer": "It is to believe that we receive the promised blessings we ask, because he has said, \"What things soever ye desire, when ye pray, believe that ye receive them, and ye shall have them,\" Mark 11:24."}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "What is it to pray with sincerity and fervency?", "answer": "It is to have the heart and affections earnestly intent upon what we are praying for, Psalm 17:1 - \"O Lord, attend unto my cry; give ear unto my prayer, that goeth not out of feigned lips.\""}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "What is that love to God, which should be exercised in prayer?", "answer": "It is an ardent desire of his presence, Isaiah 26:9; and an unfeigned delight in him, as the most amiable and soul-satisfying object, Psalm 73:25."}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "What is it to pray with perseverance? Eph. 6:18.", "answer": "It is to continue \"instant in prayer,\" as the word is rendered, Rom. 12:12; or, to bear up against all discouragements, and not to give over, though we have not a speedy answer or return, Matt. 15:22-29."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "Is there any difference between praying with perseverance, and praying always, or without ceasing? 1 Thess. 5:17.", "answer": "The difference may lie in this, that to pray with perseverance, is not to become weary of the duty, or desist from it, though we do not immediately obtain what we are praying for; but to pray always, or without ceasing, is to study to maintain a praying frame, Psalm 73:23, and not to neglect the seasons of prayer, as they recur, Psalm 61:2."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "What are the several kinds of prayer mentioned in scripture?", "answer": "They are commonly ranked under these three, namely, secret, private, and public prayer."}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "What is SECRET prayer?", "answer": "It is the retirement of individuals, or single persons, from all company with others, for a time, that they may have free and familiar intercourse with God by themselves: Matt. 6:6 - \"But thou, when thou prayest, enter into thy closet; and when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father which is in secret.\""}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "Is secret prayer incumbent on every Christian?", "answer": "Yes; because every Christian has his own particular wants to be supplied, Psalm 70:5; doubts to be solved, Isaiah 38:14; and difficulties to be removed, 2 Cor 12:8, which none but God himself can do, Psalm 35:10."}, {"item_id": "52", "question": "May there not be secret prayer even in company with others?", "answer": "Yes; there may be what is ordinarily called EJACULATORY prayer."}, {"item_id": "53", "question": "What is ejaculatory prayer?", "answer": "It is a secret and sudden lifting up of the soul's desires to God, upon any emergency that may occur in providence."}, {"item_id": "54", "question": "How may we engage in this kind of prayer?", "answer": "Either by a simple thought darted up to heaven, as it would seem Nehemiah did, chap. 2:4; or by words uttered in the mind, yet so as the voice cannot be heard, as we read that Hannah did, 1 Sam. 1:13."}, {"item_id": "55", "question": "With what success have these ejaculatory breathings of the soul met?", "answer": "They have met with very quick and happy returns, as in the instance of Moses, who, in the midst of the people's murmuring at the Red Sea, despatched his desires to heaven, in some short ejaculation, to which the Lord gave a present return, Ex. 14:15 - \"Wherefore criest thou unto me? speak unto the children of Israel, that they go forward.\" And the sons of Reuben, &c., when fighting with the Hagarites, 1 Chron. 5:20 - \"They cried to God in the battle, and he was entreated of them.\""}, {"item_id": "56", "question": "What is the usefulness of ejaculatory prayer?", "answer": "It tends to maintain fellowship with God, without any interruption of our lawful callings, Psalm 73:23. It is also a mean to repel sudden temptations, 2 Cor. 12:8, 9; and to dispose the heart for a more solemn performance of the stated duties of prayer and praise in the season of them, Psalm 42: verses 6th and 8th compared."}, {"item_id": "57", "question": "What is PRIVATE prayer?", "answer": "It is prayer among a few Christians, met together for joining in that solemn exercise, Rom. 16:5."}, {"item_id": "58", "question": "How is it commonly distinguished?", "answer": "Into family,181 and social prayer."}, {"item_id": "59", "question": "What is social prayer?", "answer": "It is to pray in a fellowship society of Christians, out of several families, intermixed with spiritual conference upon soul-edifying subjects; and that at such times as they mutually agree among themselves, Mal. 3:16."}, {"item_id": "60", "question": "What is PUBLIC prayer?", "answer": "It is the solemn worshipping of God by the church, in her public assemblies, in which a pastor, or one authorized to preach the gospel, is always the mouth of the people to God, Acts 20:36."}, {"item_id": "61", "question": "What is it to JOIN in private or public prayer, where one is the mouth of the rest?", "answer": "It is to offer up the desires that come from the mouth of the speaker, (for things agreeable to God's will), as if uttered by ourselves."}, {"item_id": "62", "question": "What is incumbent on those who are the mouth of others in prayer to God?", "answer": "They are called, to take very special care, that their prayers be regulated exactly by the revealed will of God; in which case all present will be encouraged to join in every part of the duty."}, {"item_id": "63", "question": "What is requisite for joining in prayer in a right manner?", "answer": "It is highly requisite, in order to this, that there be close attention without wandering, Acts 2:42 - \"And they continued steadfastly in prayers;\" that there be a lively faith, without doubting, James 1:6; and a series of ejaculation concurring with the words of God that may be spoken, 1 Chron. 16:36."}, {"item_id": "64", "question": "What is the SECOND PART of prayer mentioned in the answer?", "answer": "It is confession of our sins."}, {"item_id": "65", "question": "Why is confession of sin mentioned as a part of prayer?", "answer": "Because, being sinners, we cannot pray in faith for any promised mercy, without acknowledging our unworthiness of it; or that it is infinitely above our desert, Dan. 9:18."}, {"item_id": "66", "question": "What then does the confession of sin necessarily suppose?", "answer": "It supposes guilt, and deserved punishment on account of it, Ezra 9:13."}, {"item_id": "67", "question": "Why is confession of sin necessary in prayer?", "answer": "Because we cannot be cordial and hearty in asking forgiveness of our sins, unless we are some way affected by a sense of them, Psalm 25:11."}, {"item_id": "68", "question": "For what end should we confess our sins in prayer?", "answer": "That God may be justified, and have the glory of his judgments, as being all of them just and righteous, Psalm 51:4; and that we may be humbled, and disposed to receive undeserved favours with gratitude, Psalm 32:5."}, {"item_id": "69", "question": "In what manner should we confess our sins?", "answer": "With grief and hatred of them, Luke 18:13; and with full purpose (in the strength of grace) to forsake them, Job 34:32."}, {"item_id": "70", "question": "What is the THIRD PART of prayer mentioned in the answer?", "answer": "It is a thankful acknowledgment of his mercies."}, {"item_id": "71", "question": "Are prayer and thanksgiving joined together in scripture?", "answer": "Yes; Psalm 116:17 - \"I will offer to thee the sacrifice of thanksgiving, and will call upon the name of the Lord.\""}, {"item_id": "72", "question": "What is the subject-matter of thankfulness?", "answer": "It is mercies, or benefits, whether offered or received."}, {"item_id": "73", "question": "Why are the blessings we want called mercies?", "answer": "Because having made ourselves miserable by sin, we are most unworthy and undeserving of them, Gen. 32:10."}, {"item_id": "74", "question": "Why called his mercies?", "answer": "Because God himself is the author of them, and they are his free gift to us, 1 Tim. 6:17."}, {"item_id": "75", "question": "For what mercies ought we to be thankful?", "answer": "Both for temporal and spiritual; common and special mercies, Psalm 145:9."}, {"item_id": "76", "question": "What is the best evidence of thankfulness to God for his mercies of any kind?", "answer": "It is to be thankful for Christ, his unspeakable gift, 2 Cor. 9:15."}, {"item_id": "77", "question": "When ought we to make thankful acknowledgment to God for his mercies?", "answer": "At all times, and on all occasions; there being no condition of life, but what has some mixture of mercy in it, Job 11:6; Psalm 101:1."}, {"item_id": "78", "question": "Is there ground of thankfulness under afflictions or chastisements?", "answer": "\"Though no chastening for the present be joyous, but grievous;\" nevertheless it is ground of thankfulness, if \"afterward it yieldeth the peaceable fruit of righteousness, and be for our profit, and that we may be partakers of his holiness,\" Heb. 12:10, 11."}, {"item_id": "79", "question": "Why ought prayer to be joined with a thankful acknowledgment of God's mercies?", "answer": "That the mercies we receive may be blessed to us in the use of them; and that we may not, by our ingratitude, provoke God to deny us the mercies we may ask for the future, Isaiah 1:15."}, {"item_id": "80", "question": "How may we know if our prayers are accepted and heard?", "answer": "If we have been helped to enlargement and importunity in prayer, and yet have attained to a holy submission to the will of God, as to the particular we were asking, it is a good evidence that he has heard the voice of our supplication, 2 Chron. 20:12, 17."}, {"item_id": "81", "question": "How may we know whether mercies come to us in the course of common providence, or as an answer to prayer?", "answer": "This may be known both from the manner, and from the time, in which mercies are received."}, {"item_id": "82", "question": "How may it appear from the manner in which mercies are received, that they are in answer to our prayers?", "answer": "It may be known by these two signs; namely, if the mercy be granted speedily and unexpectedly, Isaiah 65:24; and other mercies are conferred together with, and over and above that which we desired, 1 Kings 3:12, 13."}, {"item_id": "83", "question": "How may it be known from the time in which mercies are received, that they are given in return of prayer?", "answer": "If they are granted at the time when we need them most, or at the time when we are most earnest and importunate about them; as Peter's deliverance from prison was on the very night which Herod had determined should be his last; and likewise when the church was assembled to wrestle in prayer for him, Acts 12:6, 7, 12."}, {"item_id": "84", "question": "Why does the Lord delay mercies, which he designs afterwards to confer?", "answer": "He delays granting them, that we may be the more thankful for them when they come; and in the mean time to make us more assiduous and ardent supplicants for them, 2 Cor. 12:8, 9."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "99", "sort_key": 99, "question": "What rule hath God given for our direction in prayer?", "answer": "The whole word of God is of use to direct us in prayer; but the special rule of direction, is that form of prayer which Christ taught his disciples, commonly called The Lord's Prayer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Why do we need direction in prayer?", "answer": "Because man is naturally a stranger, both to God and himself; being ignorant both of the glorious perfections of God, Rom. 3:11; and of his own sins and wants, Rev. 3:17."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "From whence are we to take direction in prayer?", "answer": "From the whole word of God which is of use to direct us therein."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Is every part of the word of equal use for our direction in prayer?", "answer": "Though \"all things in the scripture are not alike plain in themselves, nor alike clear unto all;\"182 yet there is no part of the word from whence an intelligent person in the due use of the ordinary means, may not gather something that may be proper matter either for petition, confession, or thanksgiving in prayer, 1 John 5:14."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Of what use in prayer, are the sins of which we read in scripture, that other churches before us have been guilty of, and the judgments which have been inflicted for the same?", "answer": "They are of use to direct us to pray, that the Lord would keep his church and people, in the day in which we live, from running into the same snares, and thus exposing themselves to the same judgments, 1 Cor. 10:11."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Of what use in prayer are the doctrines of the word in general?", "answer": "They are of use to instruct us in the principles of religion, or chain of divine truth; without some knowledge of which, it is impossible to pray to the edification, either of ourselves or others, Rom. 10:14."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Of what use is the doctrine of the blessed Trinity, in particular, for our direction in prayer?", "answer": "It is of singular use, to point out the method in which we are to hope for the blessings we pray for; namely, from the Father, through Christ, by the Spirit, according to Eph. 2:18 - \"Through him (that is, through Christ), we have access by one Spirit unto the Father.\""}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Of what use are the offices of Christ, for our direction in prayer?", "answer": "They are of use to us to direct us to pray, that, of God he may be made unto us wisdom, as a prophet; righteousness, as a priest; sanctification, as a king; and complete redemption, as being all the three in one person, 1 Cor. 1:30."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Of what use are the promises for this end?", "answer": "They contain the very matter of prayer; and the pleading of them by faith, as also the right manner in which the duty should be performed, James 1:6."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is the special rule of direction for the duty of prayer?", "answer": "It is that form of prayer which Christ taught his disciples, commonly called, The Lord's Prayer."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Why is this called the special rule of direction?", "answer": "Because, there is not any one portion of scripture, where the petitionary part of prayer is so comprehensively and methodically laid down, as in the Lord's prayer."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Could Christ use this prayer for himself?", "answer": "No; he could not put up the fifth petition, \"Forgive us our debts;\" because he had no sins of his own to forgive, being \"separate from sinners,\" Heb. 7:26."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Why then is it commonly called the Lord's Prayer?", "answer": "Because it was dictated by him to his disciples, in answer to their request, Luke 11:1 - \"Lord, teach us to pray, as John also taught his disciples.\""}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Did Christ prescribe this prayer as a form, or as a pattern?", "answer": "He prescribed it as a PATTERN, for direction in the duty of prayer, Matt. 6:9 - \"After this MANNER pray ye.\""}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What is the difference between a form and a pattern of prayer?", "answer": "A form of prayer is a certain mode of expression, which must be used without the least variation; whereas a pattern is only a directory as to the matter, leaving the suppliant himself to clothe his desires with such words as are most adapted to his present circumstances."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Why then is the Lord's prayer called, in the answer, that form of prayer which Christ taught his disciples?", "answer": "Because the words of this prayer, \"may be used as a prayer\" to God, equally with other scriptures, \"so that it be done with understanding, faith, reverence, and other graces necessary to the right performance of the duty of prayer.\"183"}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "How does it appear, that this prayer is not designed for a form to the precise words of which Christ's disciples and followers are to be tied strictly down, in all after ages?", "answer": "This plainly appears, from its not containing expressly all the parts of prayer; and from its not being related by Matthew and Luke in the same manner."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "What are those parts of prayer which are not expressly contained in the Lord's prayer?", "answer": "They are the confession of our sins, and the thankful acknowledgment of God's mercies: neither of which are in express terms, but by consequence only, contained in the said prayer."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "From what part of this prayer may confession of sins be deduced?", "answer": "From the fifth petition; for, when we pray, \"Forgive us our debts,\" we, by consequence, confess that we have debts to be forgiven."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "How is a thankful acknowledgment of mercies included in the Lord's prayer?", "answer": "When we pray, \"Hallowed be thy name,\" we, of consequence, make a thankful acknowledgment of all those known instances, in which God's name has been glorified; and when we pray, \"Give us this day our daily bread,\" we acknowledge the bounty of his providence, which has hitherto so kindly supplied our wants."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "How do the evangelists, Matthew and Luke, differ, as to the manner in which they relate this prayer?", "answer": "Though there be a perfect harmony between them, as to the sense or matter of the prayer; yet there is some difference as to the mode of expression, particularly in the fourth and fifth petitions."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "How do they differ in the fourth petition?", "answer": "Matthew has it, \"Give us this day our daily bread,\" chap. 6:11; Luke, \"Give us day by day our daily bread,\" chap. 11:3."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What is the meaning of \"give us this day?\"", "answer": "It is a petition of what we want at present."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What is imported in \"give us day by day?\"", "answer": "The expression imports, that the wants, which need to be supplied, will daily recur."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "How do the two evangelists differ, as to their manner of expressing the fifth petition?", "answer": "Matthew says, \"Forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors,\" chap. 6:12; Luke expresses it, \"Forgive us our sins, as we forgive every one that is indebted to us,\" chap. 11:4."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "How do they differ as to the conclusion?", "answer": "Matthew has it; Luke leaves it out."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What is the argument from all this, against the Lord's prayer being designed for a set form?", "answer": "The argument is, that if it had been designed for a set form, the two evangelists would have expressed it in the very same words, without the least variation."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What argument is there from the practice of the apostles against its being a set form?", "answer": "That though several prayers of theirs are recorded in the New Testament, yet none of them use the express words of the Lord's prayer."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "Would it not seem that this prayer is commanded to be used as a form, from our Lord's prefixing these words to it: \"When ye pray, SAY, Our Father,\" &c.? Luke 11:2.", "answer": "No more can be intended by this expression in Luke, \"When ye pray, SAY,\" than what is meant in the parallel place, Matt. 6:9: \"AFTER THIS MANNER pray ye;\" namely, to use the Lord's prayer as a directory; otherwise, Luke's form, and not Matthew's, should be followed."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "May none, at any rate, use set forms, however sound?", "answer": "If set forms are sound, or agreeable to the will of God, they may be used by children, or such as are weak in knowledge, till they acquire some insight in the principles of religion; and then they ought to be laid aside, and extemporary prayer practised and improved."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "But may not they, who are weak in knowledge, read sound forms as their prayers to God?", "answer": "No; they ought to repeat them, because the committing of them to memory will tend to imprint the matter of them more deeply on the mind, than the bare reading can possibly do: besides, there is not the least shadow of an example in scripture, for reading prayers to God on any account whatsoever."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "Why is the continued practice of set forms unwarrantable?", "answer": "Because the case and circumstances of the church in general, and every member of it, in particular, are so exceedingly various, that it is impossible any set form can correspond to them. Moreover, the continued practice of a set form, as it encourages sloth, so is an overlooking the aid of the Spirit, whose office it is to help our infirmities, when \"we know not what we should pray for as we ought,\" Rom. 8:26."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "\"Of how many parts does the Lord's prayer consist?\"", "answer": "The Lord's prayer consists of three parts, a \"preface, petitions, and a conclusion.\"184"}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "100", "sort_key": 100, "question": "What doth the preface of the Lord's prayer teach us?", "answer": "The preface of the Lord's prayer which is, \"Our Father which art in heaven,\" teacheth us, to draw near to God with all holy reverence and confidence, as children to a Father, able and ready to help us; and that we should pray with and for others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "In what words is the preface of the Lord's prayer contained?", "answer": "It is contained in these words, Our Father which art in heaven."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is the end and design of this preface?", "answer": "It is to give us a directory how to invoke or address the true object of all religious worship."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is it to invoke or address God in prayer?", "answer": "It is, in a believing and reverential manner, to make mention of some of his names, titles, or attributes, in a suitableness to the nature of the duty in which we are engaged: as in 1 Kings 8:23; Dan. 9:4."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Whom do we invoke, or call upon, when we address the Father.", "answer": "We invoke the Three-one God; because though each person of the Trinity be the object of worship, 2 Cor. 13:14; yet when any of these adorable persons is addressed, we are, in our minds, to include the other two; in as much as the very same divine nature and essence is in them all, 1 Chron. 29:10."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Why are we directed to address the Three-one God as a Father?", "answer": "To teach us, that the object of true and acceptable worship, is a reconciled God, Psalm 130:4."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "In what respect is God called a Father, with reference to men?", "answer": "He is called a Father, with reference to them, either in respect of creation, external covenant-relation, or the grace of adoption."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "To whom is he a Father in respect of creation?", "answer": "In this respect he is a Father to all mankind in general, Mal. 2:10."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "To whom is he a Father in respect of external covenant relation?", "answer": "To all the members of the visible church, or such as profess the true religion, and their children, 2 Cor. 6:18."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "To whom is he a Father in respect of the grace of adoption?", "answer": "To believers only, or such as are \"the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus,\" Gal. 3:26."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "May not every one who hears the gospel warrantably cry to God, \"My Father,\" according to Jer. 3:4?", "answer": "No doubt but it is their duty to do so, upon the call and command of God; but none will actually do it in faith, but they into whose hearts \"God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son,\" Gal. 4:6."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What are we taught, when we are directed to invoke God in prayer, by the title of Father?", "answer": "We are hereby taught, to draw near to God - as children to a Father."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "In what manner should God's children draw near to him as their Father?", "answer": "With all holy reverence and confidence."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Why called holy reverence?", "answer": "To distinguish it from that dutiful regard and respect which children owe to their parents by the dictates of nature's light."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "In what consists the nature of this holy reverence?", "answer": "It consists in a most profound inward esteem of God, as a Father, accompanied with \"other child-like dispositions,\"185 becoming that relation, Isaiah 64:9."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What are these other child-like dispositions, which accompany the reverence with which God's children approach him?", "answer": "Among others, there are patience under his rebukes, Micah. 7:9; obedience to his commands, Acts 9:6; and a fervent zeal for his honour and glory, Mal. 1:6."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What is that confidence which God's children have in him as their Father?", "answer": "It is that entire trust they repose in him, as able and ready to help them."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Whence are they persuaded of his ability and readiness to help them?", "answer": "From his all-sufficiency, Luke 11:13, and boundless liberality, Psalm 84:11, as laid out in the promise for their benefit."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What help does he afford them?", "answer": "Such a help as to do all; \"for it is God that worketh in us, both to will and to do of his good pleasure,\" Phil. 2:13."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Why are we directed to address our Father in heaven?", "answer": "To teach us to draw near to him with \"heavenly affections, Lam. 3:41, and due apprehension of his sovereign power, majesty, and gracious condescension, Isaiah 63:15, 16.\"186"}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What does the consideration of his being in heaven more particularly teach us?", "answer": "It teaches us from whence to expect our blessings and benefits, and likewise the manner in which we ought to address God for them."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "From whence are we to expect our blessings?", "answer": "\"From above,\" James 1:17, because they are in heavenly places, Eph. 1:3."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Why are our blessings said to be in heavenly places?", "answer": "Because their original is from thence, and there will the full enjoyment of them at last be, Psalm 16:11."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What does the consideration of God's being in heaven teach us, with reference to the manner in which we ought to address him for our blessings?", "answer": "It teaches us to be modest, humble, and cautious, in our conceptions of, and applications to him; as being a God of such inconceivable greatness, and glorious majesty, Eccl. 5:2 - \"Be not rash with thy mouth, and let not thine heart be hasty to utter any thing before God; for God is in heaven, and thou upon earth, therefore let thy words be few.\""}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "To whom does the relative pronoun our, in the preface, refer?", "answer": "It refers both to ourselves and others."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What is the import of it as it refers to ourselves?", "answer": "When we are directed to say our Father, it imports the faith and confidence we are warranted to express in him, as standing in such an amiable relation."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "Upon what grounds are we warranted to express our faith and confidence in him, as standing in the amiable relation of our Father?", "answer": "Upon the ground of his being \"the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ,\" Eph. 1:3; and upon the ground of our new-covenant Head calling him \"my Father,\" in the name of all his spiritual seed, Psalm 89:26 - \"He shall cry unto me, Thou art MY FATHER.\""}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What do these words, our Father, import, as they have a respect to others?", "answer": "They import that we should pray with and for others."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What is it to pray with others?", "answer": "It is to be the mouth of others to God, or to join with them in family or social worship."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "What is it to pray for others?", "answer": "It is to express our concern about them, or our sympathy with them before God, as sincerely and ingenuously, as we would do with reference to ourselves, were we in the same circumstances, Psalm 35:13."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Who are these others for whom we should pray?", "answer": "We should pray for \"all men,\" 1 Tim. 2:1; yea, for them which despitefully use us and persecute us, Matt. 5:44; but especially for \"all saints,\" Eph. 6:18."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "Why have all the saints a special claim to our prayers?", "answer": "Because they are the special favourites of heaven, John 15:9, and therefore the very butt of the keenest resentment of hell, 1 Pet. 5:8."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "101", "sort_key": 101, "question": "What do we pray for in the first petition?", "answer": "In the first petition, (which is, Hallowed be thy name,) we pray, That God would enable us, and others, to glorify him in all that whereby he maketh himself known and that he would dispose all things to his own glory.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What is the meaning of the word petition?", "answer": "It signifies asking or desiring any thing."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How many petitions are there in the Lord's prayer?", "answer": "There are six."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "In what order are these six petitions ranged?", "answer": "The first three bear a more immediate respect to God; and the last three to ourselves."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What are we taught by this order of ranking the petitions?", "answer": "We are thus taught, first to pray for what concerns the glory of God, as being the highest and most valuable end; and then for what respects our own advantage, as being only subordinate to it, Matt. 6:33."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Which is the first of these petitions?", "answer": "It is in these words, Hallowed be thy name."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is signified by the name of God in this petition?", "answer": "It is explained in the answer to be all that whereby he maketh himself known."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is our duty with reference to this name of God?", "answer": "It is to pray that it may be hallowed."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is the meaning of the word HALLOWED?", "answer": "It is explained in the answer to be the same with glorified: when we pray Hallowed be thy name, we pray, that God himself may be glorified."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "By whom should we pray that God's name may be hallowed or glorified?", "answer": "We should pray, that his name may be glorified by himself; and likewise that he would enable us and others to glorify him."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What do we mean, when we pray that God's name may be glorified by himself?", "answer": "We mean, that he would be pleased daily to demonstrate it more and more to the world, to be what it really is, most holy and most glorious, so as to excite that adoration and esteem which is due to him: for, says he, \"I will be sanctified in them that come nigh to me, and before all the people will I be glorified,\" Lev. 10:3."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Where does he thus demonstrate the glory of his own name?", "answer": "In his word; and by his works both of creation and providence, particularly by the glorious device of redemption."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What do we acknowledge, when we pray that God would enable us and others to glorify him?", "answer": "We thus acknowledge \"the utter inability and indisposition that is in ourselves and all men, to honour God aright, 2 Cor. 3:5.\"187"}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is requisite in order to our honouring God aright?", "answer": "In order to this, it is requisite that we diligently attend to the several ways, by which God maketh himself known, such as his attributes, ordinances, word, and works; and see if we are studying to glorify him in all these."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "How do we glorify him in his attributes or perfections?", "answer": "When we think or speak of them with becoming reverence, and endeavour to exercise suitable acts of faith upon them; such as, admiring his wisdom, depending on his power, and trusting to his faithfulness, that he will do as he has said."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How do we glorify him in his ordinances?", "answer": "When we attend upon them, and improve them for our spiritual nourishment and growth in grace, Psalm 84:10."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "How do we glorify him in his word?", "answer": "When we believe it as the record of God, John 20:31."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How do we glorify him in his work of creation?", "answer": "When we apprehend and admire his \"eternal power and Godhead,\" as shining in it, Rom. 1:20."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "How do we glorify him in his works of providence?", "answer": "When we have a grateful sense of his mercies, Gen. 32:10; and tremble at his judgments, Psalm 119:120."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "How do we honour him in his glorious device of redemption?", "answer": "When we receive and rest upon Christ alone for salvation, as he is offered to us in the gospel, Acts 15:11."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What do we mean, when we pray that God would enable others to glorify him, as well as ourselves?", "answer": "We thus, in effect, pray, that the \"earth may be full of the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea,\" Isaiah 11:9; that so \"from the uttermost parts of the earth may be heard songs, even glory to the righteous,\" chap. 24:16."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What are those things we should pray God would prevent and remove, that his name may be glorified?", "answer": "We should pray, \"that he would prevent and remove atheism, ignorance, idolatry, and whatever is dishonourable to him.\"188"}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What should we pray God would do, in the course of his providence, for glorifying his own name?", "answer": "That he would dispose all things to his own glory."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "How does God dispose all things to his own glory?", "answer": "By bringing a revenue of glory to himself, even out of those things that seem most opposite to it, Isaiah 43:20."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What are these seemingly opposite things, out of which God brings a revenue of glory to himself?", "answer": "Among others, there are persecutions and the falls of believers."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "How does he bring a revenue of glory to himself out of persecutions?", "answer": "By overruling them to the furtherance of the gospel, Acts 11:19-21."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "How does he bring glory to himself out of the falls of believers?", "answer": "By overruling their falls and miscarriages, in such a manner, as that they are thus made more humble, watchful, and circumspect, for the future, Psalm 51:3."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "102", "sort_key": 102, "question": "What do we pray for in the second petition?", "answer": "In the second petition, which is, \"Thy kingdom come,\" we pray, That Satan's kingdom may be destroyed; and that the kingdom of grace may be advanced, ourselves and others brought into it, and kept in it; and that the kingdom of glory may be hastened.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How many fold is God's kingdom in this world?", "answer": "TWOFOLD; namely, his general, essential, or providential kingdom; and his special kingdom."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is his general kingdom?", "answer": "It is the absolute power and sovereignty which he exercises over all things in heaven, earth, and hell, for the purposes of his own glory, Psalm 103:19 - \"His kingdom ruleth over all.\""}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What is his special kingdom?", "answer": "It is the government and care which he exercises in and over his church and people, as a society distinct from the rest of the world, Psalm 59:13 - \"God ruleth in Jacob unto the ends of the earth.\""}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Into whose hands is the management of God's special kingdom committed?", "answer": "Into the hands of Christ as Mediator, Psalm 2:6."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "How is this kingdom, as committed into his hands, usually called?", "answer": "His mediatory, or donative kingdom."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Why called his mediatory kingdom?", "answer": "Because he holds it as Mediator, Luke 22:29."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Why called his donative kingdom?", "answer": "Because it is given him of the Father as a reward of his meritorious obedience and sufferings, Matt. 28:18; and to distinguish it from his essential kingdom."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "May his essential kingdom be said to be given him?", "answer": "By no means; because it is natural to him, as God equal with the Father, and can no more be given him than his divine nature and personality can."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "For what are we directed to pray in this petition, with reference to God's kingdom in general?", "answer": "That it may COME: Thy kingdom come."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "In what sense may we pray for the coming of his essential kingdom?", "answer": "Only in this sense, that he would more and more demonstrate his supreme power and sovereignty over all things, and that the same may be more and more acknowledged by the children of men, Psalm 83:18."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Would it be warrantable for us to pray, that he would govern the world, or actually exercise his supreme power?", "answer": "It would be no more warrantable to pray for this, than to pray that he would be an infinite Sovereign, which he cannot but be; and act agreeably to his nature, which he cannot but do."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Whether is it the coming of God's general or special kingdom that is chiefly intended in the answer?", "answer": "It is the coming of his special kingdom of grace here, and of glory hereafter."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "Are the kingdoms of grace and glory different kingdoms?", "answer": "They are not so much different kingdoms, as different STATES in the same kingdom: according to the common maxim, Grace is glory begun, and glory is grace consummated, or in perfection."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "How may the kingdom of grace in this world be viewed?", "answer": "Either as to outward dispensation, or inward operation."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "What is it as to outward dispensation?", "answer": "It is just the preaching of the gospel, Mark 1:14 - \"Jesus came, preaching the gospel of the kingdom of God.\""}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What is it as to inward operation?", "answer": "It is the work of saving grace in the soul, Luke 17:21 - \"Behold, the kingdom of God is within you.\""}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Why called the kingdom of grace?", "answer": "Because the gathering of sinners into this kingdom, for their salvation, is of grace, both as to the means and end, Eph. 2:8."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What do we pray for with reference to the kingdom of grace, when we say, Thy kingdom come?", "answer": "We do not pray that it may be erected as a new thing in the world, but that it may be advanced in it."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Why should we not pray, that Christ's kingdom of grace may be erected or set up as a new thing in the world?", "answer": "Because this would be, in effect, to deny that Christ had ever a church upon this earth; whereas, it is most certain, that ever since the first promise, he has always had a church in it, and will have it to the end of time, Isaiah 59:21."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "But is it not our duty to pray, that the kingdom of grace may be set up in those parts of the world where it is not at present?", "answer": "To be sure it is; for we should pray,\" That the word of the Lord may have free course and be glorified,\" 2 Thess. 3:1; and that the earth may \"be full of the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea,\" Isaiah 11:9; which is the same with praying, \"That the kingdom of grace may be advanced.\""}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "For what should we pray as pre-requisite to the advancing of the kingdom of grace?", "answer": "In order to this, we should pray, That Satan's kingdom may be destroyed."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What is the meaning of the name SATAN?", "answer": "It is a Hebrew word, signifying an adversary; as, indeed, the devil is an implacable adversary, burning with hatred and enmity both against God, and therefore called \"his enemy,\" Matt, 13:25, and against man, 1 Pet. 5:8 - \"Your adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour.\""}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What do you understand by Satan's kingdom?", "answer": "That power and dominion which he usurps over mankind-sinners, who are by nature lawful captives, Isaiah 49:24, 25."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "If sinners of mankind are by nature lawful captives, how can Satan's dominion over them be said to be usurped?", "answer": "Though they be justly delivered into his hands, as a jailer, yet he has no right to rule over them as a prince."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "Do they not voluntarily subject themselves to his dominion?", "answer": "Yes; and this is both their sin and their judgment John 8:44."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "What is the principal seat of Satan's kingdom?", "answer": "The HEART of every man and woman by nature, Eph. 2:2."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "What is the foundation and bulwark of this kingdom?", "answer": "SIN, both original and actual, Eph. 2:3."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "For what should we pray, with reference to this kingdom of Satan?", "answer": "That it may be destroyed."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "Why should, we pray for the destruction of this kingdom?", "answer": "Because the work, of grace cannot take place, nor succeed in the soul, except upon the ruins of Satan's interest in it, Luke 11:21, 22."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "How then is Satan's kingdom destroyed in the world?", "answer": "By the advancement of the kingdom of grace in it."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "When may the kingdom of grace be said to be advanced?", "answer": "When ourselves and others are brought into it, and kept in it."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "How are we and others brought into this kingdom?", "answer": "By the gracious influences of the Spirit of God, accompanying the dispensation of the gospel with irresistible power, Psalm 110:2, 3."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "How are we and others kept in it?", "answer": "By continued emanations of grace out of the fulness of Christ, by which the principle of grace is quickened, strengthened, and preserved, Hos. 14:5."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "For what should we pray, as the means of bringing into this kingdom?", "answer": "We should pray, \"that the gospel may be propagated throughout the world, the Jews called, the fulness of the Gentiles brought in; that the ordinances of Christ may be purely dispensed, and made effectual to the converting of those that are yet in their sins.\"189"}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "For what should we pray as means of being kept in it?", "answer": "That the same ordinances may be effectual to the \"confirming, comforting, and building up of those that are already converted.\"190"}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "Can any subject of this kingdom ever apostatise from it?", "answer": "No; they are \"kept by the power of God, through faith unto salvation,\" 1 Pet. 1:5."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "Why then should we pray to be kept in it?", "answer": "Because perseverance, being a promised privilege, should, on that account, be prayed for, Psalm 119:28 - \"Strengthen thou me, according to thy word.\""}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "What security have the saints that they shall be kept in this kingdom?", "answer": "They have the stability of the promise, Jer. 32:40; the efficacy of Christ's obedience to the death in their stead, Eph. 5:25, 27; the prevalency of his intercession, John 17:24; and the inhabitation of his Spirit, Rom. 8:11, for their security in this matter."}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "What is the kingdom of glory?", "answer": "It is that state of inconceivable happiness and bliss into which the saints shall be brought after death, John 14:2, 3."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "In what will the glory of this kingdom consist?", "answer": "In a perfect conformity to, and the immediate and uninterrupted vision and fruition of God through all eternity, 1 John 3:2."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "When will the kingdom of glory come in the full manifestation of it?", "answer": "At the second coming of Christ to judgment, Matt. 25:31, 34."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "For what are we to pray, with reference to this kingdom?", "answer": "That it may be hastened."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "When we pray that it may be hastened, do we mean, that the set time for the second coming of Christ may be anticipated, or come sooner than the moment fixed for it in infinite wisdom?", "answer": "No; we wish it no sooner; but only express our ardent \"desire to depart, and to be with Christ; which is far better\" than to be here always, Phil. 1:23."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "Why do the saints so earnestly desire to be with Christ in glory?", "answer": "That an eternal period may be put to all their sinning, and to every thing that has a tendency to detract from the glory of his kingdom, and the happiness of his subjects: wherefore, as he saith, \"Surely, I come quickly;\" so they pray, \"Amen, even so, come, Lord Jesus,\" Rev. 22:20."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "103", "sort_key": 103, "question": "What do we pray for in the third petition?", "answer": "In the third petition, which is, \"thy will be done on earth, as it is in heaven,\" we pray, that God, by his grace, would make us both able and willing to know, obey, and submit to his will in all things, as the angels do in heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "How many fold is the will of God?", "answer": "TWOFOLD; his will of purpose, or disposing will; and his will of precept, or revealed will."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What is his will of purpose, or disposing will?", "answer": "It is what he himself purposes to be done, as the final determination of the event of things, Isaiah 46:10 - \"My counsel shall stand, and I will do all my pleasure.\""}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How is this will commonly designated?", "answer": "It is termed his will of providence, because he infallibly brings it about, or accomplishes it, in the course of his adorable providence, Psalm 135:6."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What is God's will of precept, or his revealed will?", "answer": "It is the rule of our duty, prescribing what he would have us to do, or not to do, Matt. 26:39 - \"O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me: nevertheless, not as I will, but as thou wilt.\""}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Whether is it God's will of purpose or precept that is meant in this petition?", "answer": "Both are included, but chiefly his will of precept."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "When we say, \"Thy will be done,\" for what do we pray with reference to God's will of purpose?", "answer": "We pray, that God, by his grace, would make us able and willing - to submit to it, and acquiesce in it, so soon as it is discovered or made known to us, Acts 21:14 - \"And when he would not be persuaded, we ceased, saying, The will of the Lord be done.\""}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What does our praying for submission to God's will of purpose or providence, necessarily imply in it?", "answer": "It implies that we are \"by nature - prone to repine and murmur against his providence,\"191 especially in afflictive dispensations, Num. 14:2."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "When do we submit to afflictive dispensations?", "answer": "When we justify God in them, Dan. 9:7; and acknowledge that he \"hath punished us less than our iniquities deserve,\" Ezra 9:13."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "For what do we pray, when we pray that God's will of precept may be done?", "answer": "We pray that God, by his grace, would make us able and willing to know and obey the same."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "Why do we pray that God would make us able and willing to know and obey his revealed will?", "answer": "Because, \"by nature, we and all men, are not only utterly unable and unwilling to know and do the will of God; but prone to rebel against his word, - and wholly inclined to do the will of the flesh, and of the devil.\"192"}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Why do we pray that God would make us able and willing by his grace?", "answer": "Because it is wholly of his free love and sovereign grace, that he works in us either to will or to do, Phil. 2:13 - \"It is God which worketh in you, both to will and to do of his good pleasure.\""}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "For what do we pray, when we pray that God would make us able and willing to know his revealed will?", "answer": "We pray, that, by his Spirit, he would take away our natural blindness, and open our understanding, that we may \"understand the scriptures,\" Luke 24:45."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "For what do we pray, when we pray that God would make us able and willing to obey his will?", "answer": "We pray, that he would remove the weakness, indisposedness, and perverseness of our hearts; and, by his grace, incline us to set about, and keep up the practice of every commanded duty, in the strength of that grace which is secured in the promise, Ezek. 36:27 - \"I will cause you to walk in my statutes;\" 2 Cor. 12:9 - \"And he said unto me, My grace is sufficient for thee; for my strength is made perfect in weakness.\""}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Why is knowing the will of God mentioned before the obeying of it?", "answer": "Because there can he no true and acceptable obedience, but what flows from that saving knowledge which is inseparable from the faith of God's operation, John 13:17 - \"If ye know these things, happy are ye if ye do them.\""}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "Where should we desire that the will of God may be done?", "answer": "We should desire that it may be done on earth, by all persons, and in all places on it, Psalm 150:6."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "In what things should we pray that the will of God may be done on earth?", "answer": "We should pray that it may be done in all things, Psalm 119:6."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Why in ALL THINGS?", "answer": "Because we may be quite sure, that God's will, both of precept and providence, is perfectly, or in every respect, equal, and just, Ezek. 18:25."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Whom should we resemble in our obedience?", "answer": "The holy angels: we should study to do the will of God as the angels do in heaven."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Can we know and obey the will of God as perfectly on earth, as the angels do in heaven?", "answer": "No; but we should copy after them, as to the manner of their obedience."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What is it to copy after them as to the manner of their obedience?", "answer": "It is to essay obedience \"with the like humility, cheerfulness, faithfulness, diligence, zeal, sincerity, and constancy, as the angels do in heaven.\"193"}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "104", "sort_key": 104, "question": "What do we pray for in the fourth petition?", "answer": "In the fourth petition, which is, \"Give us this day our daily bread,\" we pray, That of God's free gift, we may receive a competent portion of the good things of this life, and enjoy his blessing with them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What does our Catechism mean by bread in this petition?", "answer": "It explains it to be the good things of this life."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What do you understand by the good things of this life?", "answer": "Not only meat and drink; but clothes to cover us, houses to shelter us, sleep to refresh us, and the like; which are called \"things needful to the body,\" James 2:16."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "May not spiritual mercies, or food to our souls, be intended by the bread here mentioned?", "answer": "No; the petition respects temporal mercies, or the good things of the present life."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "How do you prove, that the good things of this life, and not spiritual mercies, are intended in this petition?", "answer": "From the completeness, and compendiousness of the Lord's prayer; for, it cannot be supposed, that, in a prayer so complete, the good things of this life would be quite omitted; or, that in a prayer so compendious, spiritual mercies would, without necessity, be repeated in this petition, when the other petitions are so full of them."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "Why are these good things called by the general name of BREAD?", "answer": "Because, though bread be the most common, yet it is the most useful and necessary support of natural life; and therefore called the staff, or stay of bread, Isaiah 3:1."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Why called daily bread?", "answer": "Both because our need of the supports of nature recurs daily; and likewise to teach us contentment with our present allowance in providence, Phil. 4:11."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "For what quantity of daily bread, or of the good things of this life, may we lawfully pray?", "answer": "For a competent portion of them."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is meant by a competent portion?", "answer": "Such a measure of temporal comforts, as our necessities may require, or will tend to our good, Proverbs 30:8 - \"Give me neither poverty nor riches: feed me with food convenient for me.\""}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is imported in our praying, that God would give us this competent portion?", "answer": "It imports our desire to receive it of God's free gift."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What do we acknowledge, when we pray to receive temporal comforts of God's free gifts?", "answer": "We thereby acknowledge, that in Adam, and by our own sin, we have forfeited our rights to all the outward blessings of this life, and deserve to be wholly deprived of them by God.\"194"}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "How does it appear that we have, by sin, forfeited our right to outward blessings?", "answer": "It appears from this, that we have thereby forfeited our life itself, Gen. 2:17; and, therefore, by necessary consequence, all the supports of it, Jer. 5:25."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Why do we say, Give us this day?", "answer": "Because if God shall be pleased to afford us the necessary supplies of each day, when it comes, we ought not to be anxiously solicitous about tomorrow, Matt. 6:34."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "May we not lawfully pray for what respects the future condition of ourselves, or families, in this world?", "answer": "Yes; if God shall continue us, or them, in life, then, in this case, we may lawfully beg of him, that neither we, nor they, may ever be destitute of what is necessary for our glorifying God, in the respective stations, in which he has, or may place us while in it, Gen. 28:20-22."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Does God's giving us our daily bread, exclude the use of means for the obtaining of it?", "answer": "No; for, \"if any provide not for his own, and specially for those of his own house, he hath denied the faith, and is worse than an infidel,\" 1 Tim. 5:8."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "May we not then ascribe our daily bread to our own diligence and industry?", "answer": "No; because it is God who gives us ability to pursue our respective callings, and it is he who succeeds our lawful endeavours in them, Deut. 8:17, 18 - \"Thou shalt remember the Lord thy God; for it is he that giveth thee power to get wealth.\""}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Why do we say, Give us our daily bread? why do we call it OURS?", "answer": "Because whatever measure or proportion of outward blessings, God in his providence, thinks fit we should receive, is properly OURS, whether it be more or less, 1 Tim. 6:8 - \"Having food and raiment, let us therewith be content.\""}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Since both the godly and the wicked have their daily provision from God, what difference is there as to the manner in which the one and the other hold their outward comforts?", "answer": "There is a wide difference as to the manner in which the godly and the wicked hold their outward comforts, whether we consider their respective right and title; their present enjoyment; or their future expectation."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "What is the difference as to their respective right and title?", "answer": "The wicked have only a civil and common right; but the godly have, besides this, a spiritual and covenant right also, 1 Tim. 4:8."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is the difference as to their present enjoyment?", "answer": "The godly have God's blessing on what they presently enjoy; but the wicked his curse. In this respect, \"a little that a righteous man hath, is better than the riches of many wicked,\" Psalm 37:16."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What is the difference as to their future expectation?", "answer": "The godly have the good things of this world, as pledges of the far better things of another; but the wicked have them as their whole pay; for they have their portion in this life, Psalm 17:14."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "For what should we pray in order to have the comfortable use of the good things of this life, which God may confer upon us?", "answer": "That we may enjoy his blessing with them."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Why is the blessing of God necessary to all our outward comforts?", "answer": "Because without this none of them could reach the end for which they are used: our food could not nourish us, nor our clothes warm us, nor medicines, however skilfully applied, give any relief from our ailments, Job 20:22, 23."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Will God's blessing make the meanest fare answer the end of comfortable nourishment?", "answer": "Yes; as is evident from the example of Daniel, and the other three children of the captivity, who desired to be proved ten days, with no better cheer than pulse and water: \"And at the end of ten days, their countenances appeared fairer and fatter in flesh, than all the children which did eat the portion of the king's meat,\" Dan. 1:12, 15."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "Why do we pray in the plural number, Give us?", "answer": "To express a concern for the good things of this life to the rest of our fellowcreatures, as well as to ourselves, 1 Kings 8:35-40."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "105", "sort_key": 105, "question": "What do we pray for in the fifth petition?", "answer": "In the fifth petition, which is, \"And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors,\" we pray, That God, for Christ's sake, would freely pardon all our sins; which we are the rather encouraged to ask, because, by his grace, we are enabled, from the heart, to forgive others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "Why is this petition connected with the former, by the copulative conjunction and?", "answer": "To teach us, that we can have no outward comfort with God's blessing, unless our sins are pardoned, and our persons accepted in Christ, 1 Cor. 3:22, 23."}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "What are we to understand by debts in this petition?", "answer": "By debts we are to understand our sins, whether original or actual, of omission or commission, Luke 11:4."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "Why are these called debts?", "answer": "Because of the debt of punishment we owe to the justice of God, on account of them, Rom. 6:23 - \"The wages of sin is death.\""}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "Can we pay any part of this debt to the justice of God?", "answer": "No; \"neither we, nor any other creature, can make the least satisfaction for it, Psalm 130:3;\"195 or pay the least farthing of it, Matt. 18:25."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "What other debt are we naturally owing, besides the debt of punishment as transgressors?", "answer": "We likewise owe a debt of obedience to the law as a covenant; in which we are also utterly insolvent; \"being unto every good work reprobate,\" Titus 1:16."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What are we to pray for with reference to our sins or debts?", "answer": "That God, for Christ's sake, would freely pardon them all."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "Whose prerogative is it to pardon?", "answer": "It is God's only, Micah 7:18."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "From what spring or fountain in God does pardon flow?", "answer": "From his own gracious nature, Psalm 86:5, and sovereign will, Ex. 33:19."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What is it for God to pardon?", "answer": "It is to \"acquit us both from the guilt and punishment of sin, Rom. 3:26.\"196"}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "For whose sake does he pardon?", "answer": "Only for Christ's sake."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "What is it for God to pardon for Christ's sake?", "answer": "It is to vent his pardoning grace \"through the obedience and satisfaction of Christ, apprehended and applied by faith, Rom. 3:25.\"197"}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Could God pardon sin, without any respect to the obedience and satisfaction of Christ?", "answer": "No; because justice behoved to be satisfied; for, \"without shedding of blood is no remission,\" Heb. 9:22."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What is the extent of pardoning grace?", "answer": "It extends to all our sins, Psalm 103:3."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "In what manner should we expect that God will pardon all our sins?", "answer": "We should expect that he will do it freely, for his own name's sake, Psalm 25:11."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How can God be said to pardon our sins freely, when he does it on account of the surety-righteousness imputed to us?", "answer": "God's accepting of Christ as our Surety, and his fulfilling all righteousness in our room, were both of them acts of rich, free, and sovereign grace, Psalm 89:19; Luke 12:50. Though the pardon of our sins be of debt to Christ, yet it is free to us, Eph. 1:7."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "When a believer prays for the forgiveness of his daily sins, does he pray for a new and formal pardon of them?", "answer": "Whatever may be the believer's practice as to this matter, at some times, through the prevalence of darkness and unbelief; yet it is certain, that the pardon of sin, in justification, is one perfect act, completed at once, and never needs to be repeated, Micah 7:19 - \"Thou wilt cast all their sins into the depths of the sea.\""}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "If daily sins are already forgiven in justification, in so far as the not imputing of them is secured in it; why is the believer here directed to pray for the pardon of them?", "answer": "As the evidences of pardon may be frequently eclipsed, and fatherly displeasure incurred, by our daily failings; it is therefore our duty to pray, that God's fatherly displeasure may be removed, and the joy of his salvation restored, by his \"giving us daily more and more assurance of forgiveness, Psalm 51:8-10, 12.\"198"}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "Upon what ground may we be encouraged to ask and expect from God, the intimation of the pardon of our daily sins and failings?", "answer": "Because, by his grace, we are enabled, from the heart, to forgive others."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What is it we are to forgive others?", "answer": "Personal injuries; or injuries as committed against ourselves, Matt. 18:15."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "Have personal injuries an offence done to God in them?", "answer": "They certainly have; and it is our duty to pray that God would forgive it, Psalm 35:13."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "In what manner should we forgive personal injuries?", "answer": "We should do it from the heart."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "What is it to forgive our fellow-creatures from the heart?", "answer": "It is not only to lay aside all resentment against them; but to wish and do them all offices of kindness that lie in our power, as if they had never done us any injury, Matt. 5:44."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "Have we naturally such a disposition in us?", "answer": "No; God enables us to do it by his grace."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "To what are we naturally inclined, with reference to personal injuries?", "answer": "We are naturally inclined to harbour hatred and malice in our hearts on account of them, and to revenge them if we can; as was the case with Esau against his brother Jacob, Gen. 27:41."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What should excite us to the duty of forgiving personal injuries?", "answer": "The examples of this disposition recorded in scripture for our imitation; such as, the example of Joseph, Gen. 50:17, 21; of Stephen, Acts 7:60; and of our Lord himself, Luke 23:34."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "Can it ever be dishonourable to forgive a personal injury?", "answer": "No; it is a man's glory to pass over a transgression, Proverbs 19:11."}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "Can forgiving the person infer an approbation of his crime?", "answer": "No; we may forgive the person, and yet charge his sin close home upon his conscience, as Joseph did to his brethren, Gen. 45:4, and 50:20."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "What if forgiveness imbolden the offender in the like injuries for the future?", "answer": "The fear of this should not be an excuse for omitting the present duty of forgiving; because we should leave events to the Lord."}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "When we say, \"Forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors;\" do we mean to state a comparison between our forgiving others, and God's forgiving us?", "answer": "No; there is an infinite disproportion between the one and the other; the injuries our fellow-creatures do us are but few and small, in comparison of the innumerable and aggravated crimes we are guilty of against God, Matt. 18 verses 24th and 28th compared."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Can we consistently with the scope of this petition, make our forgiveness of others, the ground and reason of God's forgiving us?", "answer": "No; for this would be to put our forgiveness of others in the room of Christ's righteousness, on the account of which alone it is that God forgives us."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "What then, is the true meaning of these words as we forgive our debtors?", "answer": "The meaning is, that we take encouragement to hope, that God will forgive us the sins of our daily walk, from this evidence, or \"testimony in ourselves, that we, from the heart, forgive others their offences, Matt. 6:14, 15, - 'If ye forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you; but if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your heavenly Father forgive your trespasses.'\"199"}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What may we learn from the verses just now quoted, for illustrating the meaning of this petition?", "answer": "We may learn this from them, as the meaning of it, that our forgiving others, may be an evidence of God's forgiving us: and that our being of an implacable and unrelenting disposition towards our fellow creatures, who have injured us, is a sad sign, that our own sins are not forgiven us of God, Matt. 18:35."}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "106", "sort_key": 106, "question": "What do we pray for in the sixth petition?", "answer": "In the sixth petition, (which is, And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil,) we pray, That God would either keep us from being tempted to sin, or support and deliver us when we are tempted.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What does this petition necessarily suppose?", "answer": "It supposes, \"that the most wise, righteous, and gracious God, for divers holy and just ends, may so order things, that we may be assaulted, foiled, and, for a time, led captive by temptations, 2 Chron. 32:31.\"200"}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "How many ways may God be said to lead a person into temptation, and yet not be the author of sin?", "answer": "Two ways, objectively and permissively."}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "How may he be said to lead into temptation objectively?", "answer": "When his providential dispensations, which, in themselves, are holy, just, and good, do offer, or lay before us occasions for sin."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "May these occasions be called incitements or motives to sin?", "answer": "No; only our corrupt hearts abuse or pervert them to this end; thus, David was envious when he \"saw the prosperity of the wicked,\" Psalm 73:3."}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "When may God be said to lead his people into temptation permissively?", "answer": "When he suffers them to be assaulted by the tempter, and, at the same time, withholds those aids of grace, which would prevent their compliance with the temptation, as in the case of David's numbering the people, 2 Sam. 24:1, compared with 1 Chron. 21:1."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "What is the evil from which we pray to be delivered, and the temptations we pray against in this petition?", "answer": "The evil of sin, and temptations to sin."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What is it to be tempted to sin?", "answer": "It is to be strongly solicited, instigated, and enticed to it, Proverbs 7:16-24."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "Can God be the author or efficient of such instigations and allurements?", "answer": "By no means; \"For God cannot be tempted with evil, neither tempteth he any man,\" James 1:13."}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "Why then does he permit them to take place?", "answer": "That he may direct and over-rule them to the purposes of his own glory; as in the instance of Peter, Luke 22:31, 32 - \"The Lord said, Simon, Simon, behold, Satan hath desired to have you, that he may sift you as wheat; but I have prayed for thee that thy faith fail not.\""}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "From whence do all temptations to sin spring, or take their rise?", "answer": "All of them flow from \"Satan, 1 Chron. 21:1; the world, Luke 21:34; and the flesh, which are ready powerfully to draw us aside and insnare us, James 1:14.\"201"}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Are we liable to be drawn aside and insnared by enemies, after we are in a state of grace?", "answer": "Yes; \"even after the pardon of our sins, by reason of our corruption, Gal. 5:17, weakness, and want of watchfulness, Matt. 26:41, we are both subject to be tempted, and forward to expose ourselves unto temptations, ver. 69-72.\"202"}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "Are we able to resist temptations when assaulted with them?", "answer": "No; we are, \"of ourselves, unable and unwilling to resist them, to recover out of them, and to improve them, Rom. 7:23, 24.\"203"}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "How is Satan denominated in scripture, with reference to temptations?", "answer": "He is called, by way of eminence, THE TEMPTER, Matt. 4:3."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "Why is he so called?", "answer": "Because of his strong and violent instigation and solicitation to sin, Acts 5:8."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "When did he begin this trade of tempting?", "answer": "He began it in Paradise, Gen. 3:1, 4, 5; and has been making his assaults upon all ranks of mankind ever since, 1 Pet. 5:8."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "Can Satan force and compel the will to yield to his temptations?", "answer": "No; otherwise all his temptations would be irresistible."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "How do you know that they are not irresistible?", "answer": "Because the saints are exhorted to resist them, James 4:7; and have actually been enabled, by grace, to do it, 2 Cor. 12:8, 9."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "How many are the ways by which Satan manages his temptations?", "answer": "Two ways chiefly, either in a way of SUBTLETY, using wiles and devices; hence called \"that old serpent which deceiveth the whole world,\" Rev. 20:2, compared with chap. 12:9; or in a way of FURIOUS ASSAULT, throwing his \"fiery darts,\" Eph. 6:16. In both which respects he is called, in the Greek tongue, APOLLYON; that is, a destroyer, Rev. 9:11."}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "Why called a destroyer?", "answer": "Because he aims at nothing less than the eternal ruin and destruction of all mankind, 1 Pet. 5:8 - \"Your adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about seeking whom he may devour.\""}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "What are some of those chief wiles and stratagems in which he displays his SUBTLETY?", "answer": "He makes choice of the most advantageous seasons for tempting; he employs the fittest instruments for carrying on his designs; and sometimes gilds over the foulest sins with the fairest names."}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What are these advantageous seasons for tempting, of which Satan makes choice?", "answer": "When a person is under sore affliction and distress, Job 2:9; when the object is present that will enforce the temptation, 2 Sam. 11:2, 4; and after some remarkable manifestation of divine love, 2 Cor. 12:2, 7."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "Who are the instruments he employs for carrying on his temptations?", "answer": "Men of the greatest power and policy, 1 Kings 12:26-30; and sometimes men of reputed piety and godliness; thus he employed the old prophet to seduce the man of God with a lie, 1 Kings 13:18."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "What are these fair names, under which Satan wants to make the vilest sins pass among men?", "answer": "He allures to covetousness, under the name of frugality, Eccl. 4:8; to profuseness, under the specious title of generosity, chap. 5:13, 14; he tempts to drunkenness, under the disguise of good fellowship, Proverbs 23:29, 30; and to neutrality and indifference in religion, under the colour of a prudent and peaceable spirit, Acts 18:14, 15, 17."}, {"item_id": "24", "question": "What are those temptations, which Satan endeavours to throw in upon the soul, in the way of FURIOUS ASSAULTS?", "answer": "They are his temptations to blasphemous and atheistical thoughts."}, {"item_id": "25", "question": "What is his plot by injecting these horrid suggestions?", "answer": "Either to beget unbecoming thoughts of God, or to disturb, vex, and distract the Christian."}, {"item_id": "26", "question": "Does he ever gain his design, in begetting unbecoming thoughts of God, in the minds of any of God's children?", "answer": "Yes; as would appear by their speaking sometimes very unadvisedly with their lips, Psalm 77:8, 9 - \"Is his mercy clean gone for ever? doth his promise fail for evermore? hath God forgotten to be gracious?\""}, {"item_id": "27", "question": "Are the saints suffered to continue long in such sentiments?", "answer": "No; for as such words are far from their stated judgment; and only flow from their lips in the hour of temptation; so the Lord, by his grace, will soon make them change their speech, as in the words immediately following: \"And I said, this is mine infirmity; but I will remember the years of the right hand of the Most High,\" Psalm 77:10."}, {"item_id": "28", "question": "Do blasphemous and atheistical thoughts ever take their rise in our own hearts?", "answer": "Frequently they do; as our Lord testifies, Matt. 15:19 - \"Out of the HEART proceed - blasphemies.\""}, {"item_id": "29", "question": "When may we charge ourselves with such thoughts, as arising in our hearts?", "answer": "When we make no resistance, but give way to them; contrary to the command of God: \"Resist the devil, and he will flee from you,\" James 4:7."}, {"item_id": "30", "question": "Can the saints of God distinguish between blasphemous and atheistical thoughts, suggested by Satan, and those that arise in their own hearts?", "answer": "Yes, they can, in some measure; otherwise they would frequently be deprived of the comfortable use of those consolations that are allowed them in the word."}, {"item_id": "31", "question": "How may they know the one from the other?", "answer": "If they are violent and sudden, coming in like a flash of lightning upon the mind, Matt. 16:22, 23; if their souls tremble at such thoughts, and oppose them with the utmost abhorrence, Psalm 73:15; and if nothing is more grievous than to be assaulted with them, ver. 21, 22; then they may conclude, that they are rather to be charged on Satan than themselves."}, {"item_id": "32", "question": "What are the extremes, to which Satan labours to drive sinners by his temptations?", "answer": "Either to presumption or despair."}, {"item_id": "33", "question": "What is PRESUMPTION?", "answer": "It is a confident hope of the favour of God, and of obtaining eternal life, without any sufficient foundation to support it, like the foolish virgins, Matt. 25:11, 12."}, {"item_id": "34", "question": "What is Satan's conduct with reference to presumption?", "answer": "He does all he can to foster and cherish it, and is sure to give it no disturbance, Luke 11:21 - \"When a strong man armed keepeth his palace, his goods are in peace.\""}, {"item_id": "35", "question": "What is DESPAIR?", "answer": "It is the melancholy apprehension of a person's case as being quite hopeless, and of there being no help for him in God, Jer. 2:25."}, {"item_id": "36", "question": "By what artifices does Satan labour to drive persons to this deplorable extreme?", "answer": "By suggesting that their sins are too many, and too heinously aggravated to be pardoned; that the time of forgiveness is past; or that they have been guilty of the sin against the Holy Ghost."}, {"item_id": "37", "question": "Is it possible that our sins can be more numerous and more heinously aggravated, than that they can be pardoned?", "answer": "No; because no bounds or limits can be set to the infinite mercy of God, as vented through the meritorious obedience and satisfaction of Jesus; \"for, he will abundantly pardon,\" (margin, \"he will multiply to pardon,\" Isaiah 55:7); and he declares, that though our \"sins be as scarlet, or red like crimson, they shall be white as snow, and as wool,\" Isaiah 1:18."}, {"item_id": "38", "question": "Can any be certain in this life, that the time of forgiveness is past as to them, or that their day of grace is over?", "answer": "No; because while the gospel continues to be published to them, it is their unquestionable duty to believe the report made in it, concerning salvation for them in Christ, without diving into the secret counsels of God, 1 John 5:11 - \"This is the record, that God hath given to us eternal life; and this life is in his Son.\""}, {"item_id": "39", "question": "How may a person know if he is not guilty of the sin against the Holy Ghost?", "answer": "If he is deeply concerned and perplexed about this matter, and has an habitual desire after salvation by grace, he may be verily assured he is not guilty of this: for \"they that be whole need not a physician, but they that are sick,\" Matt. 9:12."}, {"item_id": "40", "question": "What is the second spring of our temptations above mentioned?", "answer": "The WORLD, Mark 4:19."}, {"item_id": "41", "question": "What are the things of the world which give rise to temptations?", "answer": "Both the good things and the bad things of it."}, {"item_id": "42", "question": "What are the good things of the world, which may prove a snare and occasion to sin?", "answer": "The profits, pleasures, and preferments of the world, when trusted to, and rested in, Matt. 13:22."}, {"item_id": "43", "question": "For what should we pray, in order to be delivered from such temptations?", "answer": "That God would incline our hearts unto his \"testimonies and not to covetousness,\" Psalm 119:36, and that he would set our \"affections on things above, not on things on the earth,\" Col. 3:2."}, {"item_id": "44", "question": "What are the evil things of this world, which may prove temptations?", "answer": "The outward troubles and afflictions we meet with in it, John 16:33 - \"In the world ye shall have tribulation.\""}, {"item_id": "45", "question": "Is God the author of all outward afflictions?", "answer": "Yes; Amos 3:6 - \"Shall there be evil in a city and the Lord hath not done it?\" Though men may indeed have an instrumental and sinful hand in their own troubles and distresses; Jer. 2:17 - \"Hast thou not procured this unto thyself, in that thou hast forsaken the Lord thy God?\""}, {"item_id": "46", "question": "When do afflictions prove temptations?", "answer": "When we either \"despise the chastening of the Lord,\" or \"faint when we are rebuked of him,\" Heb. 12:5."}, {"item_id": "47", "question": "For what should we pray when visited with afflictions?", "answer": "That when the Lord is pleased to chasten us, it may be \"for our profit, that we may be partakers of his holiness,\" Heb. 12:10."}, {"item_id": "48", "question": "What is the third spring or fountain of our temptations?", "answer": "The FLESH, Gal. 5:17."}, {"item_id": "49", "question": "What is meant by the flesh?", "answer": "Our corrupt and depraved nature, Rom. 8:8 - \"They that are in the flesh cannot please God.\""}, {"item_id": "50", "question": "How is the flesh, or corrupt nature, the spring of temptation?", "answer": "As it entices to it, James 1:14, and is the inlet to temptations from Satan and the world, Jer. 17:9."}, {"item_id": "51", "question": "How should we pray against such temptations as have their rise from corrupt nature?", "answer": "That God would not only restrain the pernicious tendency of our natural dispositions, Psalm 19:13, but likewise fortify our souls, by the powerful influence of his grace, against all these evils, to which we are naturally addicted, Eph. 3:16."}, {"item_id": "52", "question": "May we pray absolutely against temptations?", "answer": "No; but we may put an alternative into God's hand with reference to them."}, {"item_id": "53", "question": "What alternative may be put into God's hand with reference to temptations?", "answer": "That he would either keep us from being tempted to sin, or support and deliver us when we are tempted."}, {"item_id": "54", "question": "What do we mean, when we pray, that God would keep us from being tempted to sin?", "answer": "We mean by it, that, since the event of a temptation, with respect to us, is so dangerous and uncertain, if God has not some gracious ends to answer by it, he would rather be pleased, by his providence, to prevent the temptation, than suffer us to fall into it, Psalm 19:13."}, {"item_id": "55", "question": "What do we mean, when we pray, that God would support and deliver us when we are tempted?", "answer": "We thus express our desire, \"that, if tempted, we may, by his Spirit, be powerfully enabled to stand in the hour of temptation, Eph. 3:16; or, if fallen, raised again and recovered out of it, Psalm 51:12, and have a sanctified use and improvement thereof, 1 Pet. 5:8.\"204"}, {"item_id": "56", "question": "How does the Lord enable his people to stand in the hour of temptation?", "answer": "By making his grace sufficient for them, and perfecting his strength in their weakness, 2 Cor. 12:9."}, {"item_id": "57", "question": "How does he raise and recover them out of temptation, when fallen into it?", "answer": "By discovering the corrupt and natural bias of their heart toward the temptation; humbling them on account of it, and the offence done to God by their compliance; and by quickening their faith, to draw virtue from the righteousness of the Surety, for a fresh intimation of pardon, Psalm 51:4, 5, 7."}, {"item_id": "58", "question": "When have they a sanctified use and improvement of temptations?", "answer": "When they are made more circumspect, watchful, and dependent on Christ for the future, as being sensible of their inability to resist the least temptation without him; for he has said, \"Without me ye can do nothing,\" John 15:5."}, {"item_id": "59", "question": "What should be our habitual scope, and general end, in offering up this petition, \"Lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil?\"", "answer": "Our aim and end in it, should be, \"that our sanctification and salvation may be perfected, 2 Cor. 13:9; Satan trodden under our feet, Rom. 16:20; and we fully freed from sin, temptation; and all evil for ever, 1 Thess. 5:23.\"205"}]}
{"_source_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "_source_title": "The Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained", "_author": "James Fisher", "_contributors": [{"name": "Ebenezer Erskine"}], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/assemblysshorte00erskgoog/mode/2up", "document_id": "shorter-catechism-explained", "item_id": "107", "sort_key": 107, "question": "What doth the conclusion of the Lord's Prayer teach us?", "answer": "The conclusion of the Lord's Prayer, which is, \"For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever, Amen,\" teacheth us to take our encouragement in prayer from God only, and in our prayers to praise him, ascribing kingdom, power, and glory to him. And, in testimony of our desire and assurance to be heard, we say, AMEN.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": [{"item_id": "1", "question": "What does the particle for, which ushers in the conclusion of the Lord's prayer, teach us?", "answer": "It \"teacheth us to enforce our petitions with arguments, Rom. 15:30.\"206"}, {"item_id": "2", "question": "From Whence are these arguments to be taken?", "answer": "\"Not from any worthiness in ourselves, or in any other creature, but from God, Dan. 9:19.\"207"}, {"item_id": "3", "question": "What argument, for instance, may we fetch from God, to enforce our petitions?", "answer": "That \"mercy and truth have met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each other,\" Psalm 85:10."}, {"item_id": "4", "question": "What force is there in this argument?", "answer": "A very great force, namely, that all the perfections and excellencies of the divine nature, harmoniously agree in conferring all promised blessings upon sinners of mankind, on account of the meritorious obedience, and satisfaction of Christ imputed to them, 1 Cor. 3:22, 23 - \"All things are yours, and ye are Christ's.\""}, {"item_id": "5", "question": "For what end should we use arguments with God in prayer?", "answer": "Not to prevail with him to grant what he does not see fit for us; but to quicken our own faith, and encourage our hope, to expect the good things of the promise which we want, in his own time and way, Dan. 9:18."}, {"item_id": "6", "question": "Why should we essay in our prayers to praise him?", "answer": "Because \"praise glorifies God,\" Psalm 50:23, and engages him to hear our prayers, Psalm 67:5, 6."}, {"item_id": "7", "question": "What way should we praise him in our prayers?", "answer": "By ascribing kingdom, power, and glory to him."}, {"item_id": "8", "question": "What is meant by kingdom, power, and glory?", "answer": "\"Eternal sovereignty, omnipotency, and glorious excellency,\" as appertaining \"to God alone,\" 1 Chron. 29:10-14.208"}, {"item_id": "9", "question": "What kingdom do we ascribe to God as his?", "answer": "The kingdom of nature, as God Creator; and the kingdom of grace, as God Redeemer."}, {"item_id": "10", "question": "What encouragement may we take in prayer, from the kingdoms both of nature and grace being his?", "answer": "That we shall want nothing that is good for us, either as we are his creatures, Psalm 145:16, or his children, Matt. 7:11."}, {"item_id": "11", "question": "Why do we ascribe power to God, as well as kingdom?", "answer": "Because, without power, his sovereignty could not be maintained, or his kingdom managed, Psalm 66:3, 7."}, {"item_id": "12", "question": "What encouragement may we take in prayer, from the power being his?", "answer": "That no difficulty whatever shall hinder the accomplishment of the promise, Rom. 4:21."}, {"item_id": "13", "question": "What do we mean by ascribing glory to him?", "answer": "We thus acknowledge, that he is possessed of all those excellencies, which render him glorious in the eyes of men and angels; and that the praise and honour of every thing that is great and excellent, or has a tendency to raise our esteem and admiration, is due to him; Psalm 78:4."}, {"item_id": "14", "question": "What encouragement may we take in prayer, from the glory being his?", "answer": "That the accomplishment of his glorious purposes, and performance of his gracious promises, will bring in a revenue of glory and praise to him, Psalm 45:17."}, {"item_id": "15", "question": "How long will the kingdom, power, and glory be his?", "answer": "For ever, without intermission through eternity. Ex. 15:18."}, {"item_id": "16", "question": "What is the difference, in this respect, between God and all earthly kings and potentates whatsoever?", "answer": "Their kingdom, power, and glory, are only of a short duration, Psalm 82:6, 7; whereas the God with whom we have to do changes not, but is ever the same, James 1:17."}, {"item_id": "17", "question": "Why do we say Amen in our prayers?", "answer": "We should do it in testimony of our desire, and assurance to be heard."}, {"item_id": "18", "question": "How may we know we say Amen in testimony of our desire?", "answer": "When \"by faith we are imboldened to plead with God, that he would - fulfil our requests, 2 Chron. 20:6, 11.\"209"}, {"item_id": "19", "question": "What does the word signify, when we say it in testimony of our desire?", "answer": "In this view it properly signifies, so be it, or so let it be."}, {"item_id": "20", "question": "When do we say Amen in testimony of our assurance to be heard?", "answer": "When \"by faith we are imboldened - quietly to rely upon him that he will fulfil our requests, 2 Chron. 14:11.\"210"}, {"item_id": "21", "question": "What does the word signify, when we say it in testimony of our assurance to be heard?", "answer": "In this sense it denotes, so it is; or, so it shall be."}, {"item_id": "22", "question": "In which of these views is the word, Amen, to be understood in the conclusion of this prayer?", "answer": "It is to be understood as signifying both; namely, as including a testimony of our desire, and likewise an assurance of being heard."}, {"item_id": "23", "question": "How does this appear?", "answer": "Because there cannot be a desire of any promised blessing in faith, but there must be some measure of assurance that it will be granted in God's time and order, Psalm 10:17."}]}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "1", "sort_key": 1, "question": "What is the chief and highest end of man?", "answer": "Man's chief and highest end is to glorify God, and fully to enjoy him forever.", "answer_with_proofs": "Man's chief and highest end is to glorify God,[1] and fully to enjoy him forever.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.11.36", "osis": ["Rom.11.36"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.10.31", "osis": ["1Cor.10.31"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.73.24-Ps.73.28", "osis": ["Ps.73.24-Ps.73.28"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "2", "sort_key": 2, "question": "How doth it appear that there is a God?", "answer": "The very light of nature in man, and the works of God, declare plainly that there is a God; but his word and Spirit only do sufficiently and effectually reveal him unto men for their salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "The very light of nature in man, and the works of God, declare plainly that there is a God;[1] but his word and Spirit only do sufficiently and effectually reveal him unto men for their salvation.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.19-Rom.1.20", "osis": ["Rom.1.19-Rom.1.20"]}, {"raw": "Ps.19.1-Ps.19.3", "osis": ["Ps.19.1-Ps.19.3"]}, {"raw": "Acts.17.28", "osis": ["Acts.17.28"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.2.9-1Cor.2.10", "osis": ["1Cor.2.9-1Cor.2.10"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.3.15-2Tim.3.17", "osis": ["2Tim.3.15-2Tim.3.17"]}, {"raw": "Isa.59.21", "osis": ["Isa.59.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "3", "sort_key": 3, "question": "What is the word of God?", "answer": "The holy scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are the word of God, the only rule of faith and obedience.", "answer_with_proofs": "The holy scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are the word of God,[1] the only rule of faith and obedience.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.3.16", "osis": ["2Tim.3.16"]}, {"raw": "2Pet.1.19-2Pet.1.21", "osis": ["2Pet.1.19-2Pet.1.21"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.2.20", "osis": ["Eph.2.20"]}, {"raw": "Rev.22.18-Rev.22.19", "osis": ["Rev.22.18-Rev.22.19"]}, {"raw": "Isa.8.20", "osis": ["Isa.8.20"]}, {"raw": "Luke.16.29,Luke.16.31", "osis": ["Luke.16.29", "Luke.16.31"]}, {"raw": "Gal.1.8-Gal.1.9", "osis": ["Gal.1.8-Gal.1.9"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.3.15-2Tim.3.16", "osis": ["2Tim.3.15-2Tim.3.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "4", "sort_key": 4, "question": "How doth it appear that the scriptures are the word of God?", "answer": "The scriptures manifest themselves to be the word of God, by their majesty  and purity; by the consent of all the parts, and the scope of the whole, which is to give all glory to God; by their light and power to convince and convert sinners, to comfort and build up believers unto salvation: but the Spirit of God bearing witness by and with the scriptures in the heart of man, is alone able fully to persuade it that they are the very word of God.", "answer_with_proofs": "The scriptures manifest themselves to be the word of God, by their majesty [1] and purity;[2] by the consent of all the parts,[3] and the scope of the whole, which is to give all glory to God;[4] by their light and power to convince and convert sinners, to comfort and build up believers unto salvation:[5] but the Spirit of God bearing witness by and with the scriptures in the heart of man, is alone able fully to persuade it that they are the very word of God.[6]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Hos.8.12", "osis": ["Hos.8.12"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.2.6-1Cor.2.7,1Cor.2.13", "osis": ["1Cor.2.6-1Cor.2.7", "1Cor.2.13"]}, {"raw": "Ps.119.18,Ps.119.129", "osis": ["Ps.119.18", "Ps.119.129"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.12.6", "osis": ["Ps.12.6"]}, {"raw": "Ps.119.140", "osis": ["Ps.119.140"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.10.43", "osis": ["Acts.10.43"]}, {"raw": "Acts.26.22", "osis": ["Acts.26.22"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.19,Rom.3.27", "osis": ["Rom.3.19", "Rom.3.27"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.23.28", "osis": ["Acts.23.28"]}, {"raw": "Heb.4.12", "osis": ["Heb.4.12"]}, {"raw": "Jas.1.18", "osis": ["Jas.1.18"]}, {"raw": "Ps.19.7-Ps.19.9", "osis": ["Ps.19.7-Ps.19.9"]}, {"raw": "Rom.15.4", "osis": ["Rom.15.4"]}, {"raw": "Acts.20.32", "osis": ["Acts.20.32"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "John.16.13-John.16.14", "osis": ["John.16.13-John.16.14"]}, {"raw": "John.20.31", "osis": ["John.20.31"]}, {"raw": "1John.2.20,1John.2.27", "osis": ["1John.2.20", "1John.2.27"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "5", "sort_key": 5, "question": "What do the scriptures principally teach?", "answer": "The scriptures principally teach, what man is to believe concerning God, and what duty God requires of man.", "answer_with_proofs": "The scriptures principally teach, what man is to believe concerning God, and what duty God requires of man.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.1.13", "osis": ["2Tim.1.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "6", "sort_key": 6, "question": "What do the scriptures make known of God?", "answer": "The scriptures make known what God is, the persons in the Godhead, his decrees, and the execution of his decrees.", "answer_with_proofs": "The scriptures make known what God is,[1] the persons in the Godhead,[2] his decrees,[3] and the execution of his decrees.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.11.6", "osis": ["Heb.11.6"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1John.5.7", "osis": ["1John.5.7"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.15.14-Acts.15.15,Acts.15.18", "osis": ["Acts.15.14-Acts.15.15", "Acts.15.18"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.4.27-Acts.4.28", "osis": ["Acts.4.27-Acts.4.28"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "7", "sort_key": 7, "question": "What is God?", "answer": "God is a Spirit, in and of himself infinite in being, glory, blessedness, and perfection; all-sufficient, eternal, unchangeable, incomprehensible, everywhere present, almighty, knowing all things, most wise, most holy, most just, most merciful and gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in goodness and truth.", "answer_with_proofs": "God is a Spirit,[1] in and of himself infinite in being,[2] glory,[3] blessedness,[4] and perfection;[5] all-sufficient,[6] eternal,[7] unchangeable,[8] incomprehensible,[9] everywhere present,[10] almighty,[11] knowing all things,[12] most wise,[13] most holy,[14] most just,[15] most merciful and gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in goodness and truth.[16]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.4.24", "osis": ["John.4.24"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.3.14", "osis": ["Exod.3.14"]}, {"raw": "Job.11.7-Job.11.9", "osis": ["Job.11.7-Job.11.9"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.7.2", "osis": ["Acts.7.2"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.6.1", "osis": ["1Tim.6.1"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.48", "osis": ["Matt.5.48"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.17.1", "osis": ["Gen.17.1"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.90.2", "osis": ["Ps.90.2"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Mal.3.6", "osis": ["Mal.3.6"]}, {"raw": "Jas.1.17", "osis": ["Jas.1.17"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "1Kgs.8.27", "osis": ["1Kgs.8.27"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.139.1-Ps.139.13", "osis": ["Ps.139.1-Ps.139.13"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Rev.4.8", "osis": ["Rev.4.8"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.4.13", "osis": ["Heb.4.13"]}, {"raw": "Ps.147.5", "osis": ["Ps.147.5"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.16.27", "osis": ["Rom.16.27"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.6.3", "osis": ["Isa.6.3"]}, {"raw": "Rev.15.4", "osis": ["Rev.15.4"]}]}, {"id": 15, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.32.4", "osis": ["Deut.32.4"]}]}, {"id": 16, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.34.6", "osis": ["Exod.34.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "8", "sort_key": 8, "question": "Are there more Gods than one?", "answer": "There is but one only, the living and true God.", "answer_with_proofs": "There is but one only, the living and true God.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.6.4", "osis": ["Deut.6.4"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.8.4,1Cor.8.6", "osis": ["1Cor.8.4", "1Cor.8.6"]}, {"raw": "Jer.10.10", "osis": ["Jer.10.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "9", "sort_key": 9, "question": "How many persons are there in the Godhead?", "answer": "There be three persons in the Godhead, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost; and these three are one true, eternal God, the same in substance, equal in power and glory; although distinguished by their personal properties.", "answer_with_proofs": "There be three persons in the Godhead, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost; and these three are one true, eternal God, the same in substance, equal in power and glory; although distinguished by their personal properties.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1John.5.7", "osis": ["1John.5.7"]}, {"raw": "Matt.3.16-Matt.3.17", "osis": ["Matt.3.16-Matt.3.17"]}, {"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.13.14", "osis": ["2Cor.13.14"]}, {"raw": "John.10.30", "osis": ["John.10.30"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "10", "sort_key": 10, "question": "What are the personal properties of the three persons in the Godhead?", "answer": "It is proper to the Father to beget the Son, and to the Son to be begotten of the Father, and to the Holy Ghost to proceed from the Father and the Son from all eternity.", "answer_with_proofs": "It is proper to the Father to beget the Son,[1] and to the Son to be begotten of the Father,[2] and to the Holy Ghost to proceed from the Father and the Son from all eternity.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.1.5-Heb.1.6,Heb.1.8", "osis": ["Heb.1.5-Heb.1.6", "Heb.1.8"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.14,John.1.18", "osis": ["John.1.14", "John.1.18"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "John.15.26", "osis": ["John.15.26"]}, {"raw": "Gal.4.6", "osis": ["Gal.4.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "11", "sort_key": 11, "question": "How doth it appear that the Son and the Holy Ghost are God equal with the Father?", "answer": "The scriptures manifest that the Son and the Holy Ghost are God equal with the Father, ascribing unto them such names, attributes, works, and worship, as are proper to God only.", "answer_with_proofs": "The scriptures manifest that the Son and the Holy Ghost are God equal with the Father, ascribing unto them such names,[1] attributes,[2] works,[3] and worship,[4] as are proper to God only.", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.6.3,Isa.6.5,Isa.6.8", "osis": ["Isa.6.3", "Isa.6.5", "Isa.6.8"]}, {"raw": "John.12.41", "osis": ["John.12.41"]}, {"raw": "Acts.5.3-Acts.5.4", "osis": ["Acts.5.3-Acts.5.4"]}, {"raw": "Acts.28.25", "osis": ["Acts.28.25"]}, {"raw": "1John.5.20", "osis": ["1John.5.20"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.1", "osis": ["John.1.1"]}, {"raw": "John.2.24-John.2.25", "osis": ["John.2.24-John.2.25"]}, {"raw": "Isa.9.6", "osis": ["Isa.9.6"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.2.10-1Cor.2.11", "osis": ["1Cor.2.10-1Cor.2.11"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Col.1.16", "osis": ["Col.1.16"]}, {"raw": "Gen.1.2", "osis": ["Gen.1.2"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.13.14", "osis": ["2Cor.13.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "12", "sort_key": 12, "question": "What are the decrees of God?", "answer": "God's decrees are the wise, free, and holy acts of the counsel of his will, whereby, from all eternity, he hath, for his own glory, unchangeably foreordained: Whatsoever comes to pass in time, especially concerning angels and men.", "answer_with_proofs": "God's decrees are the wise, free, and holy acts of the counsel of his will,[1] whereby, from all eternity, he hath, for his own glory, unchangeably foreordained: Whatsoever comes to pass in time,[2] especially concerning angels and men.", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.11", "osis": ["Eph.1.11"]}, {"raw": "Rom.9.14-Rom.9.15,Rom.9.18", "osis": ["Rom.9.14-Rom.9.15", "Rom.9.18"]}, {"raw": "Rom.11.33", "osis": ["Rom.11.33"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.4,Eph.1.11", "osis": ["Eph.1.4", "Eph.1.11"]}, {"raw": "Rom.9.22-Rom.9.23", "osis": ["Rom.9.22-Rom.9.23"]}, {"raw": "Ps.33.11", "osis": ["Ps.33.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "13", "sort_key": 13, "question": "What hath God especially decreed concerning angels and men?", "answer": "God, by an eternal and immutable decree, out of his mere love, for the praise of his glorious grace, to be manifested in due time, hath elected some angels to glory; and in Christ hath chosen some men to eternal life, and the means thereof: and also, according to his sovereign power, and the unsearchable counsel of his own will (whereby he extendeth or withholdeth favor as he pleases), hath passed by and foreordained the rest to dishonor and wrath, to be for their sin inflicted, to the praise of the glory of his justice.", "answer_with_proofs": "God, by an eternal and immutable decree, out of his mere love, for the praise of his glorious grace, to be manifested in due time, hath elected some angels to glory;[1] and in Christ hath chosen some men to eternal life, and the means thereof:[2] and also, according to his sovereign power, and the unsearchable counsel of his own will (whereby he extendeth or withholdeth favor as he pleases), hath passed by and foreordained the rest to dishonor and wrath, to be for their sin inflicted, to the praise of the glory of his justice.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.5.21", "osis": ["1Tim.5.21"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.4-Eph.1.6", "osis": ["Eph.1.4-Eph.1.6"]}, {"raw": "2Thess.2.13-2Thess.2.14", "osis": ["2Thess.2.13-2Thess.2.14"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.9.17-Rom.9.18,Rom.9.21-Rom.9.22", "osis": ["Rom.9.17-Rom.9.18", "Rom.9.21-Rom.9.22"]}, {"raw": "Matt.11.25-Matt.11.26", "osis": ["Matt.11.25-Matt.11.26"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.2.20", "osis": ["2Tim.2.20"]}, {"raw": "Jude.1.4", "osis": ["Jude.1.4"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.2.8", "osis": ["1Pet.2.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "14", "sort_key": 14, "question": "How doth God execute his decrees?", "answer": "God executeth his decrees in the works of creation and providence, according to his infallible foreknowledge, and the free and immutable counsel of his own will.", "answer_with_proofs": "God executeth his decrees in the works of creation and providence, according to his infallible foreknowledge, and the free and immutable counsel of his own will.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.11", "osis": ["Eph.1.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "15", "sort_key": 15, "question": "What is the work of creation?", "answer": "The work of creation is that wherein God did in the beginning, by the word of his power, make of nothing the world, and all things therein, for himself, within the space of six days, and all very good.", "answer_with_proofs": "The work of creation is that wherein God did in the beginning, by the word of his power, make of nothing the world, and all things therein, for himself, within the space of six days, and all very good.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1", "osis": ["Gen.1"]}, {"raw": "Heb.11.8", "osis": ["Heb.11.8"]}, {"raw": "Prov.16.4", "osis": ["Prov.16.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "16", "sort_key": 16, "question": "How did God create angels?", "answer": "God created all the angels spirits, immortal, holy, excelling in knowledge, mighty in power, to execute his commandments, and to praise his name, yet subject to change.", "answer_with_proofs": "God created all the angels[1] spirits,[2] immortal,[3] holy,[4] excelling in knowledge,[5] mighty in power,[6] to execute his commandments, and to praise his name,[7] yet subject to change.[8]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Col.1.16", "osis": ["Col.1.16"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.104.4", "osis": ["Ps.104.4"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.22.30", "osis": ["Matt.22.30"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.25.31", "osis": ["Matt.25.31"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "2Sam.14.17", "osis": ["2Sam.14.17"]}, {"raw": "Matt.24.36", "osis": ["Matt.24.36"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "2Thess.1.7", "osis": ["2Thess.1.7"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.103.20-Ps.103.21", "osis": ["Ps.103.20-Ps.103.21"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "2Pet.2.4", "osis": ["2Pet.2.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "17", "sort_key": 17, "question": "How did God create man?", "answer": "After God had made all other creatures, he created man male and female; formed the body of the man of the dust of the ground, and the woman of the rib of the man, endued them with living, reasonable, and immortal souls; made them after his own image, in knowledge, righteousness,and holiness; having the law of God written in their hearts, and power to fulfil it, and dominion over the creatures; yet subject to fall.", "answer_with_proofs": "After God had made all other creatures, he created man male and female;[1] formed the body of the man of the dust of the ground,[2] and the woman of the rib of the man,[3] endued them with living, reasonable, and immortal souls;[4] made them after his own image,[5] in knowledge,[6] righteousness,and holiness;[7] having the law of God written in their hearts,[8] and power to fulfil it,[9] and dominion over the creatures;[10] yet subject to fall.[11]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1.27", "osis": ["Gen.1.27"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.2.7", "osis": ["Gen.2.7"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.2.22", "osis": ["Gen.2.22"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.2.7", "osis": ["Gen.2.7"]}, {"raw": "Job.35.11", "osis": ["Job.35.11"]}, {"raw": "Eccl.12.7", "osis": ["Eccl.12.7"]}, {"raw": "Matt.10.28", "osis": ["Matt.10.28"]}, {"raw": "Luke.23.43", "osis": ["Luke.23.43"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1.27", "osis": ["Gen.1.27"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Col.3.10", "osis": ["Col.3.10"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.4.24", "osis": ["Eph.4.24"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.2.14-Rom.2.15", "osis": ["Rom.2.14-Rom.2.15"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Eccl.7.29", "osis": ["Eccl.7.29"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1.28", "osis": ["Gen.1.28"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.3.6", "osis": ["Gen.3.6"]}, {"raw": "Eccl.7.29", "osis": ["Eccl.7.29"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "18", "sort_key": 18, "question": "What are God's works of providence?", "answer": "God's works of providence are his most holy, wise, and powerful preserving  and governing  all his creatures; ordering them, and all their actions, to his own glory.", "answer_with_proofs": "God's works of providence are his most holy,[1] wise,[2] and powerful preserving [3] and governing [4] all his creatures; ordering them, and all their actions,[5] to his own glory.[6]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.145.17", "osis": ["Ps.145.17"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.104.24", "osis": ["Ps.104.24"]}, {"raw": "Isa.28.29", "osis": ["Isa.28.29"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.1.8", "osis": ["Heb.1.8"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.103.19", "osis": ["Ps.103.19"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.10.29-Matt.10.31", "osis": ["Matt.10.29-Matt.10.31"]}, {"raw": "Gen.45.7", "osis": ["Gen.45.7"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.11.36", "osis": ["Rom.11.36"]}, {"raw": "Isa.43.14", "osis": ["Isa.43.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "19", "sort_key": 19, "question": "What is God's providence towards the angels?", "answer": "God by his providence permitted some of the angels, wilfully and irrecoverably, to fall into sin and damnation, limiting and ordering that, and all their sins, to his own glory; and established the rest in holiness and happiness; employing them all, at his pleasure, in the administrations of his power, mercy, and justice.", "answer_with_proofs": "God by his providence permitted some of the angels, wilfully and irrecoverably, to fall into sin and damnation,[1] limiting and ordering that, and all their sins, to his own glory;[2] and established the rest in holiness and happiness;[3] employing them all,[4] at his pleasure, in the administrations of his power, mercy, and justice.[5]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Jude.1.6", "osis": ["Jude.1.6"]}, {"raw": "2Pet.2.4", "osis": ["2Pet.2.4"]}, {"raw": "Heb.2.16", "osis": ["Heb.2.16"]}, {"raw": "John.8.44", "osis": ["John.8.44"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Job.1.12", "osis": ["Job.1.12"]}, {"raw": "Matt.8.31", "osis": ["Matt.8.31"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.5.21", "osis": ["1Tim.5.21"]}, {"raw": "Mark.8.38", "osis": ["Mark.8.38"]}, {"raw": "Heb.12.22", "osis": ["Heb.12.22"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.104.4", "osis": ["Ps.104.4"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "2Kgs.19.35", "osis": ["2Kgs.19.35"]}, {"raw": "Heb.1.14", "osis": ["Heb.1.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "20", "sort_key": 20, "question": "What was the providence of God toward man in the estate in which he was created?", "answer": "The providence of God toward man in the estate in which he was created, was the placing him in paradise, appointing him to dress it, giving him liberty to eat of the fruit of the earth; putting the creatures under his dominion, and ordaining marriage for his help; affording him communion with himself; instituting the sabbath; entering into a covenant of life with him, upon condition of personal, perfect, and perpetual obedience, of which the tree of life was a pledge; and forbidding to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, upon the pain of death.", "answer_with_proofs": "The providence of God toward man in the estate in which he was created, was the placing him in paradise, appointing him to dress it, giving him liberty to eat of the fruit of the earth;[1] putting the creatures under his dominion,[2] and ordaining marriage for his help;[3] affording him communion with himself;[4] instituting the sabbath;[5] entering into a covenant of life with him, upon condition of personal, perfect, and perpetual obedience,[6] of which the tree of life was a pledge;[7] and forbidding to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, upon the pain of death.[8]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.2.8,Gen.2.15-Gen.2.16", "osis": ["Gen.2.8", "Gen.2.15-Gen.2.16"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1.28", "osis": ["Gen.1.28"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.2.18", "osis": ["Gen.2.18"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1.26-Gen.1.29", "osis": ["Gen.1.26-Gen.1.29"]}, {"raw": "Gen.3.8", "osis": ["Gen.3.8"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.2.3", "osis": ["Gen.2.3"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.3.12", "osis": ["Gal.3.12"]}, {"raw": "Rom.10.5", "osis": ["Rom.10.5"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.2.9", "osis": ["Gen.2.9"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.2.17", "osis": ["Gen.2.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "21", "sort_key": 21, "question": "Did man continue in that estate wherein God at first created him?", "answer": "Our first parents being left to the freedom of their own will, through the temptation of Satan, transgressed the commandment of God in eating the forbidden fruit; and thereby fell from the estate of innocency wherein they were created.", "answer_with_proofs": "Our first parents being left to the freedom of their own will, through the temptation of Satan, transgressed the commandment of God in eating the forbidden fruit; and thereby fell from the estate of innocency wherein they were created.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.3.6-Gen.3.8,Gen.3.13", "osis": ["Gen.3.6-Gen.3.8", "Gen.3.13"]}, {"raw": "Eccl.7.29", "osis": ["Eccl.7.29"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.11.3", "osis": ["2Cor.11.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "22", "sort_key": 22, "question": "Did all mankind fall in that first transgression ?", "answer": "The covenant being made with Adam as a public person, not for himself only, but for his posterity, all mankind descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him in that first transgression.", "answer_with_proofs": "The covenant being made with Adam as a public person, not for himself only, but for his posterity, all mankind descending from him by ordinary generation,[1] sinned in him, and fell with him in that first transgression.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.17.26", "osis": ["Acts.17.26"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.2.16-Gen.2.17", "osis": ["Gen.2.16-Gen.2.17"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.12-Rom.5.20", "osis": ["Rom.5.12-Rom.5.20"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.15.21-1Cor.15.22", "osis": ["1Cor.15.21-1Cor.15.22"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "23", "sort_key": 23, "question": "Into what estate did the fall bring mankind?", "answer": "The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery.", "answer_with_proofs": "The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.23", "osis": ["Rom.3.23"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.12", "osis": ["Rom.5.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "24", "sort_key": 24, "question": "What is sin?", "answer": "Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of, any law of God, given as a rule to the reasonable creature.", "answer_with_proofs": "Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of, any law of God, given as a rule to the reasonable creature.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1John.3.4", "osis": ["1John.3.4"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.10,Gal.3.12", "osis": ["Gal.3.10", "Gal.3.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "25", "sort_key": 25, "question": "Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell?", "answer": "The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, consisteth in the guilt of Adam's first sin, the want of that righteousness wherein he was created, and the corruption of his nature, whereby he is utterly indisposed, disabled, and made opposite unto all that is spiritually good, and wholly inclined to all evil, and that continually; which is commonly called Original Sin, and from which do proceed all actual transgressions.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, consisteth in the guilt of Adam's first sin,[1] the want of that righteousness wherein he was created, and the corruption of his nature, whereby he is utterly indisposed, disabled, and made opposite unto all that is spiritually good, and wholly inclined to all evil, and that continually;[2] which is commonly called Original Sin, and from which do proceed all actual transgressions.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.12,Rom.5.19", "osis": ["Rom.5.12", "Rom.5.19"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.10-Rom.3.19", "osis": ["Rom.3.10-Rom.3.19"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.6", "osis": ["Rom.5.6"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.7-Rom.8.8", "osis": ["Rom.8.7-Rom.8.8"]}, {"raw": "Eph.2.1-Eph.2.3", "osis": ["Eph.2.1-Eph.2.3"]}, {"raw": "Gen.6.5", "osis": ["Gen.6.5"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Jas.1.14-Jas.1.15", "osis": ["Jas.1.14-Jas.1.15"]}, {"raw": "Matt.15.19", "osis": ["Matt.15.19"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "26", "sort_key": 26, "question": "How is original sin conveyed from our first parents unto their posterity?", "answer": "Original sin is conveyed from our first parents unto their posterity by natural generation, so as all that proceed from them in that way are conceived and born in sin.", "answer_with_proofs": "Original sin is conveyed from our first parents unto their posterity by natural generation, so as all that proceed from them in that way are conceived and born in sin.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.51.5", "osis": ["Ps.51.5"]}, {"raw": "Job.14.4", "osis": ["Job.14.4"]}, {"raw": "Job.15.14", "osis": ["Job.15.14"]}, {"raw": "John.3.6", "osis": ["John.3.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "27", "sort_key": 27, "question": "What misery did the fall bring upon mankind?", "answer": "The fall brought upon mankind the loss of communion with God, his displeasure and curse; so as we are by nature children of wrath, bond slaves to Satan, and justly liable to all punishments in this world, and that which is to come.", "answer_with_proofs": "The fall brought upon mankind the loss of communion with God,[1] his displeasure and curse; so as we are by nature children of wrath,[2] bond slaves to Satan,[3] and justly liable to all punishments in this world, and that which is to come.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.3.8,Gen.3.10,Gen.3.24", "osis": ["Gen.3.8", "Gen.3.10", "Gen.3.24"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.2.2-Eph.2.3", "osis": ["Eph.2.2-Eph.2.3"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.2.26", "osis": ["2Tim.2.26"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.2.17", "osis": ["Gen.2.17"]}, {"raw": "Lam.3.39", "osis": ["Lam.3.39"]}, {"raw": "Rom.6.23", "osis": ["Rom.6.23"]}, {"raw": "Matt.25.41,Matt.25.46,Jude.1.7", "osis": ["Matt.25.41", "Matt.25.46", "Jude.1.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "28", "sort_key": 28, "question": "What are the punishments of sin in this world?", "answer": "The punishments of sin in this world are either inward, as blindness of mind, a reprobate sense, strong delusions, hardness of heart, horror of conscience, and vile affections; or outward, as the curse of God upon the creatures for our sakes, and all other evils that befall us in our bodies, names, estates, relations, and employments; together with death itself.", "answer_with_proofs": "The punishments of sin in this world are either inward, as blindness of mind,[1] a reprobate sense,[2] strong delusions,[3] hardness of heart,[4] horror of conscience,[5] and vile affections;[6] or outward, as the curse of God upon the creatures for our sakes,[7] and all other evils that befall us in our bodies, names, estates, relations, and employments;[8] together with death itself.[9]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.4.18", "osis": ["Eph.4.18"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.28", "osis": ["Rom.1.28"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "2Thess.2.11", "osis": ["2Thess.2.11"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.2.5", "osis": ["Rom.2.5"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.33.14", "osis": ["Isa.33.14"]}, {"raw": "Gen.4.13", "osis": ["Gen.4.13"]}, {"raw": "Matt.27.4", "osis": ["Matt.27.4"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.26", "osis": ["Rom.1.26"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.3.17", "osis": ["Gen.3.17"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.28.15-Deut.28.18", "osis": ["Deut.28.15-Deut.28.18"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.21,Rom.6.23", "osis": ["Rom.6.21", "Rom.6.23"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "29", "sort_key": 29, "question": "What are the punishments of sin in the world to come?", "answer": "The punishments of sin in the world to come, are everlasting separation from the comfortable presence of God, and most grievous torments in soul and body, without intermission, in hell fire forever.", "answer_with_proofs": "The punishments of sin in the world to come, are everlasting separation from the comfortable presence of God, and most grievous torments in soul and body, without intermission, in hell fire forever.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2Thess.1.9", "osis": ["2Thess.1.9"]}, {"raw": "Mark.9.43-Mark.9.44,Mark.9.46,Mark.9.48", "osis": ["Mark.9.43-Mark.9.44", "Mark.9.46", "Mark.9.48"]}, {"raw": "Luke.16.24", "osis": ["Luke.16.24"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "30", "sort_key": 30, "question": "Doth God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery?", "answer": "God doth not leave all men to perish in the estate of sin and misery, into which they fell by the breach of the first covenant, commonly called the Covenant of Works; but of his mere love and mercy delivereth his elect out of it, and bringeth them into an estate of salvation by the second covenant, commonly called the Covenant of Grace.", "answer_with_proofs": "God doth not leave all men to perish in the estate of sin and misery,[1] into which they fell by the breach of the first covenant, commonly called the Covenant of Works;[2] but of his mere love and mercy delivereth his elect out of it, and bringeth them into an estate of salvation by the second covenant, commonly called the Covenant of Grace.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Thess.5.9", "osis": ["1Thess.5.9"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.3.10,Gal.3.12", "osis": ["Gal.3.10", "Gal.3.12"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Titus.3.4-Titus.3.7", "osis": ["Titus.3.4-Titus.3.7"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.21", "osis": ["Gal.3.21"]}, {"raw": "Rom.3.20-Rom.3.22", "osis": ["Rom.3.20-Rom.3.22"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "31", "sort_key": 31, "question": "With whom was the covenant of grace made?", "answer": "The covenant of grace was made with Christ as the second Adam, and in him with all the elect as his seed.", "answer_with_proofs": "The covenant of grace was made with Christ as the second Adam, and in him with all the elect as his seed.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.3.16", "osis": ["Gal.3.16"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.15-Rom.5.21", "osis": ["Rom.5.15-Rom.5.21"]}, {"raw": "Isa.53.10-Isa.53.11", "osis": ["Isa.53.10-Isa.53.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "32", "sort_key": 32, "question": "How is the grace of God manifested in the second covenant?", "answer": "The grace of God is manifested in the second covenant, in that he freely provideth and offereth to sinners a Mediator, and life and salvation by him; and requiring faith as the condition to interest them in him, promiseth and giveth his Holy Spirit  to all his elect, to work in them that faith, with all other saving graces; and to enable them unto all holy obedience, as the evidence of the truth of their faith  and thankfulness to God, and as the way which he hath appointed them to salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "The grace of God is manifested in the second covenant, in that he freely provideth and offereth to sinners a Mediator,[1] and life and salvation by him;[2] and requiring faith as the condition to interest them in him, promiseth and giveth his Holy Spirit [3] to all his elect, to work in them that faith,[4] with all other saving graces;[5] and to enable them unto all holy obedience,[5] as the evidence of the truth of their faith [6] and thankfulness to God,[7] and as the way which he hath appointed them to salvation.[8]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.3.15", "osis": ["Gen.3.15"]}, {"raw": "Isa.42.6", "osis": ["Isa.42.6"]}, {"raw": "John.6.27", "osis": ["John.6.27"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1John.5.11-1John.5.12", "osis": ["1John.5.11-1John.5.12"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.12", "osis": ["John.1.12"]}, {"raw": "John.3.16", "osis": ["John.3.16"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.1.23", "osis": ["Prov.1.23"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.4.13", "osis": ["2Cor.4.13"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.5.22-Gal.5.23", "osis": ["Gal.5.22-Gal.5.23"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.36.27", "osis": ["Ezek.36.27"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Jas.2.18,Jas.2.22", "osis": ["Jas.2.18", "Jas.2.22"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "33", "sort_key": 33, "question": "Was the covenant of grace always administered after one and the same manner?", "answer": "The covenant of grace was not always administered after the same manner, but the administrations of it under the Old Testament were different from those under the New.", "answer_with_proofs": "The covenant of grace was not always administered after the same manner, but the administrations of it under the Old Testament were different from those under the New.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.3.6-2Cor.3.9", "osis": ["2Cor.3.6-2Cor.3.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "34", "sort_key": 34, "question": "How was the covenant of grace administered under the Old Testament?", "answer": "The covenant of grace was administered under the Old Testament, by promises, prophecies,  sacrifices, circumcision, the passover, and other types and ordinances, which did all foresignify Christ then to come, and were for that time sufficient to build up the elect in faith in the promised Messiah, by whom they then had full remission of sin, and eternal salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "The covenant of grace was administered under the Old Testament, by promises,[1] prophecies, [2] sacrifices,[3] circumcision,[4] the passover,[5] and other types and ordinances, which did all foresignify Christ then to come, and were for that time sufficient to build up the elect in faith in the promised Messiah,[6] by whom they then had full remission of sin, and eternal salvation.[7]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.15.8", "osis": ["Rom.15.8"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.3.20,Acts.3.24", "osis": ["Acts.3.20", "Acts.3.24"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.10.1", "osis": ["Heb.10.1"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.4.11", "osis": ["Rom.4.11"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.5.7", "osis": ["1Cor.5.7"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.8-Heb.10", "osis": ["Heb.8-Heb.10"]}, {"raw": "Heb.11.13", "osis": ["Heb.11.13"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.3.7-Gal.3.9,Gal.3.14", "osis": ["Gal.3.7-Gal.3.9", "Gal.3.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "35", "sort_key": 35, "question": "How is the covenant of grace administered under the New Testament?", "answer": "Under the New Testament, when Christ the substance was exhibited, the same covenant of grace was and still is to be administered in the preaching of the word, and the administration of the sacraments of Baptism  and the Lord's Supper; in which grace and salvation are held forth in more fulness, evidence, and efficacy, to all nations.", "answer_with_proofs": "Under the New Testament, when Christ the substance was exhibited, the same covenant of grace was and still is to be administered in the preaching of the word,[1] and the administration of the sacraments of Baptism [2] and the Lord's Supper;[3] in which grace and salvation are held forth in more fulness, evidence, and efficacy, to all nations.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Mark.16.15", "osis": ["Mark.16.15"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20", "osis": ["Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.25", "osis": ["1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.25"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.3.6-2Cor.3.9", "osis": ["2Cor.3.6-2Cor.3.9"]}, {"raw": "Heb.8.6,Heb.8.10-Heb.8.11", "osis": ["Heb.8.6", "Heb.8.10-Heb.8.11"]}, {"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "36", "sort_key": 36, "question": "Who is the Mediator of the covenant of grace?", "answer": "The only Mediator of the covenant of grace is the Lord Jesus Christ, who, being the eternal Son of God, of one substance and equal with the Father, in the fulness of time became man, and so was and continues to be God and man, in two entire distinct natures, and one person, forever.", "answer_with_proofs": "The only Mediator of the covenant of grace is the Lord Jesus Christ,[1] who, being the eternal Son of God, of one substance and equal with the Father,[2] in the fulness of time became man,[3] and so was and continues to be God and man, in two entire distinct natures, and one person, forever.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.2.5", "osis": ["1Tim.2.5"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.1,John.1.14", "osis": ["John.1.1", "John.1.14"]}, {"raw": "John.10.30", "osis": ["John.10.30"]}, {"raw": "Phil.2.6", "osis": ["Phil.2.6"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.4.4", "osis": ["Gal.4.4"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.1.35", "osis": ["Luke.1.35"]}, {"raw": "Rom.9.5", "osis": ["Rom.9.5"]}, {"raw": "Col.2.9", "osis": ["Col.2.9"]}, {"raw": "Heb.7.24-Heb.7.25", "osis": ["Heb.7.24-Heb.7.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "37", "sort_key": 37, "question": "How did Christ, being the Son of God, become man?", "answer": "Christ the Son of God became man, by taking to himself a true body, and a reasonable soul, being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost in the womb of the virgin Mary, of her substance, and born of her, yet without sin.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ the Son of God became man, by taking to himself a true body, and a reasonable soul,[1] being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost in the womb of the virgin Mary, of her substance, and born of her,[2] yet without sin.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.14", "osis": ["John.1.14"]}, {"raw": "Matt.26.38", "osis": ["Matt.26.38"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.1.27,Luke.1.31,Luke.1.35,Luke.1.42", "osis": ["Luke.1.27", "Luke.1.31", "Luke.1.35", "Luke.1.42"]}, {"raw": "Gal.4.4", "osis": ["Gal.4.4"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.4.15", "osis": ["Heb.4.15"]}, {"raw": "Heb.7.26", "osis": ["Heb.7.26"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "38", "sort_key": 38, "question": "Why was it requisite that the Mediator should be God?", "answer": "It was requisite that the Mediator should be God, that he might sustain and keep the human nature from sinking under the infinite wrath of God, and the power of death; give worth and efficacy to his sufferings, obedience, and intercession; and to satisfy God's justice, procure his favor, purchase a peculiar people, give his Spirit to them, conquer all their enemies, and bring them to everlasting salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "It was requisite that the Mediator should be God, that he might sustain and keep the human nature from sinking under the infinite wrath of God, and the power of death;[1] give worth and efficacy to his sufferings, obedience, and intercession;[2] and to satisfy God's justice,[3] procure his favor,[4] purchase a peculiar people,[5] give his Spirit to them,[6] conquer all their enemies,[7] and bring them to everlasting salvation.[8]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.24-Acts.2.25", "osis": ["Acts.2.24-Acts.2.25"]}, {"raw": "Rom.1.4", "osis": ["Rom.1.4"]}, {"raw": "Rom.4.25", "osis": ["Rom.4.25"]}, {"raw": "Heb.9.14", "osis": ["Heb.9.14"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.20.28", "osis": ["Acts.20.28"]}, {"raw": "Heb.7.25-Heb.7.28", "osis": ["Heb.7.25-Heb.7.28"]}, {"raw": "Heb.9.14", "osis": ["Heb.9.14"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.24-Rom.3.26", "osis": ["Rom.3.24-Rom.3.26"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.6", "osis": ["Eph.1.6"]}, {"raw": "Matt.3.17", "osis": ["Matt.3.17"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Titus.2.13-Titus.2.14", "osis": ["Titus.2.13-Titus.2.14"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.4.6", "osis": ["Gal.4.6"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.1.68-Luke.1.69,Luke.1.71,Luke.1.74", "osis": ["Luke.1.68-Luke.1.69", "Luke.1.71", "Luke.1.74"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.5.8-Heb.5.9", "osis": ["Heb.5.8-Heb.5.9"]}, {"raw": "Heb.9.11-Heb.9.15", "osis": ["Heb.9.11-Heb.9.15"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "39", "sort_key": 39, "question": "Why was it requisite that the Mediator should be man?", "answer": "It was requisite that the Mediator should be man, that he might advance our nature, perform obedience to the law, suffer and make intercession for us in our nature, have a fellow feeling of our infirmities; that we might receive the adoption of sons, and have comfort and access with boldness unto the throne of grace.", "answer_with_proofs": "It was requisite that the Mediator should be man, that he might advance our nature,[1] perform obedience to the law,[2] suffer and make intercession for us in our nature,[3] have a fellow feeling of our infirmities;[4] that we might receive the adoption of sons,[5] and have comfort and access with boldness unto the throne of grace.[6]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.2.16", "osis": ["Heb.2.16"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.4.4", "osis": ["Gal.4.4"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.2.14", "osis": ["Heb.2.14"]}, {"raw": "Heb.7.24-Heb.7.25", "osis": ["Heb.7.24-Heb.7.25"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.4.15", "osis": ["Heb.4.15"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.4.5", "osis": ["Gal.4.5"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.4.16", "osis": ["Heb.4.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "40", "sort_key": 40, "question": "Why was it requisite that the Mediator should be God and man in one person ?", "answer": "It was requisite that the Mediator, who was to reconcile God and man, should himself be both God and man, and this in one person, that the proper works of each nature might be accepted of God for us, and relied on by us, as the works of the whole person.", "answer_with_proofs": "It was requisite that the Mediator, who was to reconcile God and man, should himself be both God and man, and this in one person, that the proper works of each nature might be accepted of God for us, and relied on by us,[1] as the works of the whole person.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.1.21,Matt.1.23", "osis": ["Matt.1.21", "Matt.1.23"]}, {"raw": "Matt.3.17", "osis": ["Matt.3.17"]}, {"raw": "Heb.9.14", "osis": ["Heb.9.14"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.2.6", "osis": ["1Pet.2.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "41", "sort_key": 41, "question": "Why was our Mediator called Jesus?", "answer": "Our Mediator was called Jesus, because he saveth his people from their sins.", "answer_with_proofs": "Our Mediator was called Jesus, because he saveth his people from their sins.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.1.21", "osis": ["Matt.1.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "42", "sort_key": 42, "question": "Why was our Mediator called Christ?", "answer": "Our Mediator was called Christ, because he was anointed with the Holy Ghost above measure; and so set apart, and fully furnished with all authority and ability, to execute the offices of prophet, priest, and king of his church, in the estate both of his humiliation and exaltation.", "answer_with_proofs": "Our Mediator was called Christ, because he was anointed with the Holy Ghost above measure;[1] and so set apart, and fully furnished with all authority and ability,[2] to execute the offices of prophet,[3] priest,[4] and king of his church,[5] in the estate both of his humiliation and exaltation.", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.3.34", "osis": ["John.3.34"]}, {"raw": "Ps.45.7", "osis": ["Ps.45.7"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "John.6.27", "osis": ["John.6.27"]}, {"raw": "Matt.28.18-Matt.28.20", "osis": ["Matt.28.18-Matt.28.20"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.3.21-Acts.3.22", "osis": ["Acts.3.21-Acts.3.22"]}, {"raw": "Luke.4.18,Luke.4.21", "osis": ["Luke.4.18", "Luke.4.21"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.4.14-Heb.4.15", "osis": ["Heb.4.14-Heb.4.15"]}, {"raw": "Heb.5.5-Heb.5.7", "osis": ["Heb.5.5-Heb.5.7"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.2.6", "osis": ["Ps.2.6"]}, {"raw": "Matt.21.5", "osis": ["Matt.21.5"]}, {"raw": "Isa.9.6-Isa.9.7", "osis": ["Isa.9.6-Isa.9.7"]}, {"raw": "Phil.2.8-Phil.2.11", "osis": ["Phil.2.8-Phil.2.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "43", "sort_key": 43, "question": "How doth Christ execute the office of a prophet?", "answer": "Christ executeth the office of a prophet, in his revealing to the church, in all ages, by his Spirit and word, in divers ways of administration, the whole will of God, in all things concerning their edification and salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ executeth the office of a prophet, in his revealing to the church,[1] in all ages, by his Spirit and word,[2] in divers ways of administration,[3] the whole will of God,[4] in all things concerning their edification and salvation.[5]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.18", "osis": ["John.1.18"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.1.10-1Pet.1.12", "osis": ["1Pet.1.10-1Pet.1.12"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.1.1-Heb.1.2", "osis": ["Heb.1.1-Heb.1.2"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "John.15.15", "osis": ["John.15.15"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.20.32", "osis": ["Acts.20.32"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.11-Eph.4.13", "osis": ["Eph.4.11-Eph.4.13"]}, {"raw": "John.20.31", "osis": ["John.20.31"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "44", "sort_key": 44, "question": "How doth Christ execute the office of a priest?", "answer": "Christ executeth the office of a priest, in his once offering himself a sacrifice without spot to God, to be a reconciliation for the sins of his people; and in making continual intercession for them.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ executeth the office of a priest, in his once offering himself a sacrifice without spot to God,[1] to be a reconciliation for the sins of his people;[2] and in making continual intercession for them.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.9.14,Heb.9.28", "osis": ["Heb.9.14", "Heb.9.28"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.2.17", "osis": ["Heb.2.17"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.7.25", "osis": ["Heb.7.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "45", "sort_key": 45, "question": "How doth Christ execute the office of a king?", "answer": "Christ executeth the office of a king, in calling out of the world a people to himself, and giving them officers, laws, and censures, by which he visibly governs them; in bestowing saving grace upon his elect, rewarding their obedience, and correcting them for their sins, preserving and supporting them under all their temptations and sufferings, restraining and overcoming all their enemies, and powerfully ordering all things for his own glory, and their good; and also in taking vengeance on the rest, who know not God, and obey not the gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ executeth the office of a king, in calling out of the world a people to himself,[1] and giving them officers,[2] laws,[3] and censures, by which he visibly governs them;[4] in bestowing saving grace upon his elect,[5] rewarding their obedience,[6] and correcting them for their sins,[7] preserving and supporting them under all their temptations and sufferings,[8] restraining and overcoming all their enemies,[9] and powerfully ordering all things for his own glory,[10] and their good;[11] and also in taking vengeance on the rest, who know not God, and obey not the gospel.[12]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.15.14-Acts.15.16", "osis": ["Acts.15.14-Acts.15.16"]}, {"raw": "Isa.4.4-Isa.4.5", "osis": ["Isa.4.4-Isa.4.5"]}, {"raw": "Gen.49.10", "osis": ["Gen.49.10"]}, {"raw": "Ps.110.3", "osis": ["Ps.110.3"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.4.11-Eph.4.12", "osis": ["Eph.4.11-Eph.4.12"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.12.28", "osis": ["1Cor.12.28"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.33.22", "osis": ["Isa.33.22"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.18.17-Matt.18.18", "osis": ["Matt.18.17-Matt.18.18"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.5.4-1Cor.5.5", "osis": ["1Cor.5.4-1Cor.5.5"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.5.31", "osis": ["Acts.5.31"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Rev.2.10", "osis": ["Rev.2.10"]}, {"raw": "Rev.22.12", "osis": ["Rev.22.12"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Rev.3.19", "osis": ["Rev.3.19"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.63.9", "osis": ["Isa.63.9"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.25", "osis": ["1Cor.15.25"]}, {"raw": "Ps.110.1-Ps.110.2", "osis": ["Ps.110.1-Ps.110.2"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.14.10-Rom.14.11", "osis": ["Rom.14.10-Rom.14.11"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.28", "osis": ["Rom.8.28"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "2Thess.1.8-2Thess.1.9", "osis": ["2Thess.1.8-2Thess.1.9"]}, {"raw": "Ps.2.8-Ps.2.9", "osis": ["Ps.2.8-Ps.2.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "46", "sort_key": 46, "question": "What was the estate of Christ's humiliation?", "answer": "The estate of Christ's humiliation was that low condition, wherein he for our sakes, emptying himself of his glory, took upon him the form of a servant, in his conception and birth, life, death, and after his death, until his resurrection.", "answer_with_proofs": "The estate of Christ's humiliation was that low condition, wherein he for our sakes, emptying himself of his glory, took upon him the form of a servant, in his conception and birth, life, death, and after his death, until his resurrection. [1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.2.6-Phil.2.8", "osis": ["Phil.2.6-Phil.2.8"]}, {"raw": "Luke.1.31", "osis": ["Luke.1.31"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.8.9", "osis": ["2Cor.8.9"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.24", "osis": ["Acts.2.24"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "47", "sort_key": 47, "question": "How did Christ humble himself in his conception and birth?", "answer": "Christ humbled himself in his conception and birth, in that, being from all eternity the Son of God, in the bosom of the Father, he was pleased in the fulness of time to become the son of man, made of a woman of low estate, and to be born of her; with divers circumstances of more than ordinary abasement.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ humbled himself in his conception and birth, in that, being from all eternity the Son of God, in the bosom of the Father, he was pleased in the fulness of time to become the son of man, made of a woman of low estate, and to be born of her; with divers circumstances of more than ordinary abasement.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.14,John.1.18", "osis": ["John.1.14", "John.1.18"]}, {"raw": "Gal.4.4", "osis": ["Gal.4.4"]}, {"raw": "Luke.2.7", "osis": ["Luke.2.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "48", "sort_key": 48, "question": "How did Christ humble himself in his life?", "answer": "Christ humbled himself in his life, by subjecting himself to the law, which he perfectly fulfilled; and by conflicting with the indignities of the world, temptations of Satan, and infirmities in his flesh, whether common to the nature of man, or particularly accompanying that his low condition.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ humbled himself in his life, by subjecting himself to the law,[1] which he perfectly fulfilled;[2] and by conflicting with the indignities of the world,[3] temptations of Satan,[4] and infirmities in his flesh, whether common to the nature of man, or particularly accompanying that his low condition.[5]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.4.4", "osis": ["Gal.4.4"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.17", "osis": ["Matt.5.17"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.19", "osis": ["Rom.5.19"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.22.6", "osis": ["Ps.22.6"]}, {"raw": "Heb.12.2-Heb.12.3", "osis": ["Heb.12.2-Heb.12.3"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.4.1-Matt.4.12", "osis": ["Matt.4.1-Matt.4.12"]}, {"raw": "Luke.4.13", "osis": ["Luke.4.13"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.2.17-Heb.2.18", "osis": ["Heb.2.17-Heb.2.18"]}, {"raw": "Heb.4.15", "osis": ["Heb.4.15"]}, {"raw": "Isa.52.13-Isa.52.14", "osis": ["Isa.52.13-Isa.52.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "49", "sort_key": 49, "question": "How did Christ humble himself in his death?", "answer": "Christ humbled himself in his death, in that having been betrayed by Judas, forsaken by his disciples, scorned and rejected by the world, condemned by Pilate, and tormented by his persecutors; having also conflicted with the terrors of death, and the powers of darkness, felt and borne the weight of God's wrath, he laid down his life an offering for sin, enduring the painful, shameful, and cursed death of the cross.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ humbled himself in his death, in that having been betrayed by Judas,[1] forsaken by his disciples,[2] scorned and rejected by the world,[3] condemned by Pilate, and tormented by his persecutors;[4] having also conflicted with the terrors of death, and the powers of darkness, felt and borne the weight of God's wrath,[5] he laid down his life an offering for sin,[6] enduring the painful, shameful, and cursed death of the cross.[7]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.27.4", "osis": ["Matt.27.4"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.26.56", "osis": ["Matt.26.56"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.53.2-Isa.53.3", "osis": ["Isa.53.2-Isa.53.3"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.27.26-Matt.27.50", "osis": ["Matt.27.26-Matt.27.50"]}, {"raw": "John.19.34", "osis": ["John.19.34"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.22.44", "osis": ["Luke.22.44"]}, {"raw": "Matt.27.46", "osis": ["Matt.27.46"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.53.10", "osis": ["Isa.53.10"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.2.8", "osis": ["Phil.2.8"]}, {"raw": "Heb.12.2", "osis": ["Heb.12.2"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.13", "osis": ["Gal.3.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "50", "sort_key": 50, "question": "Wherein consisted Christ's humiliation after his death?", "answer": "Christ's humiliation after his death consisted in his being buried, and continuing in the state of the dead, and under the power of death till the third day; which hath been otherwise expressed in these words, he descended into hell.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ's humiliation after his death consisted in his being buried,[1] and continuing in the state of the dead, and under the power of death till the third day;[2] which hath been otherwise expressed in these words, he descended into hell.", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.3-1Cor.15.4", "osis": ["1Cor.15.3-1Cor.15.4"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.16.10", "osis": ["Ps.16.10"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.24-Acts.2.27,Acts.2.31", "osis": ["Acts.2.24-Acts.2.27", "Acts.2.31"]}, {"raw": "Rom.6.9", "osis": ["Rom.6.9"]}, {"raw": "Matt.12.40", "osis": ["Matt.12.40"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "51", "sort_key": 51, "question": "What was the estate of Christ's exaltation?", "answer": "The estate of Christ's exaltation comprehendeth his resurrection, ascension, sitting at the right hand of the Father, and his coming again to judge the world.", "answer_with_proofs": "The estate of Christ's exaltation comprehendeth his resurrection,[1] ascension,[2] sitting at the right hand of the Father,[3] and his coming again to judge the world.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.4", "osis": ["1Cor.15.4"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Mark.16.19", "osis": ["Mark.16.19"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.20", "osis": ["Eph.1.20"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.1.11", "osis": ["Acts.1.11"]}, {"raw": "Acts.17.31", "osis": ["Acts.17.31"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "52", "sort_key": 52, "question": "How was Christ exalted in his resurrection?", "answer": "Christ was exalted in his resurrection, in that, not having seen corruption in death (of which it was not possible for him to be held), and having the very same body in which he suffered, with the essential properties thereof  (but without mortality, and other common infirmities belonging to this life), really united to his soul, he rose again from the dead the third day by his own power; whereby he declared himself to be the Son of God, to have satisfied divine justice, to have vanquished death, and him that had the power of it, and to be Lord of quick and dead: all which he did as a public person, the head of his church, for their justification, quickening in grace, support against enemies, and to assure them of their resurrection from the dead at the last day.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ was exalted in his resurrection, in that, not having seen corruption in death (of which it was not possible for him to be held),[1] and having the very same body in which he suffered, with the essential properties thereof [2] (but without mortality, and other common infirmities belonging to this life), really united to his soul,[3] he rose again from the dead the third day by his own power;[4] whereby he declared himself to be the Son of God,[5] to have satisfied divine justice,[6] to have vanquished death, and him that had the power of it,[7] and to be Lord of quick and dead:[8] all which he did as a public person,[9] the head of his church,[10] for their justification,[11] quickening in grace,[12] support against enemies,[13] and to assure them of their resurrection from the dead at the last day.[14]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.24,Acts.2.27", "osis": ["Acts.2.24", "Acts.2.27"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.24.39", "osis": ["Luke.24.39"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.9", "osis": ["Rom.6.9"]}, {"raw": "Rev.1.18", "osis": ["Rev.1.18"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "John.10.18", "osis": ["John.10.18"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.4", "osis": ["Rom.1.4"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.34", "osis": ["Rom.8.34"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.2.14", "osis": ["Heb.2.14"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.14.9", "osis": ["Rom.14.9"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.21-1Cor.15.22", "osis": ["1Cor.15.21-1Cor.15.22"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.20,Eph.1.22-Eph.1.23", "osis": ["Eph.1.20", "Eph.1.22-Eph.1.23"]}, {"raw": "Col.1.18", "osis": ["Col.1.18"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.4.25", "osis": ["Rom.4.25"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.2.1,Eph.2.5-Eph.2.6", "osis": ["Eph.2.1", "Eph.2.5-Eph.2.6"]}, {"raw": "Col.2.12", "osis": ["Col.2.12"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.25-1Cor.15.27", "osis": ["1Cor.15.25-1Cor.15.27"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.20", "osis": ["1Cor.15.20"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "53", "sort_key": 53, "question": "How was Christ exalted in his ascension?", "answer": "Christ was exalted in his ascension, in that having after his resurrection often appeared unto and conversed with his apostles, speaking to them of the things pertaining to the kingdom of God, and giving them commission to preach the gospel to all nations, forty days after his resurrection, he, in our nature, and as our head, triumphing over enemies, visibly went up into the highest heavens, there to receive gifts for men, to raise up our affections thither, and to prepare a place for us, where himself is, and shall continue till his second coming at the end of the world.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ was exalted in his ascension, in that having after his resurrection often appeared unto and conversed with his apostles, speaking to them of the things pertaining to the kingdom of God,[1] and giving them commission to preach the gospel to all nations,[2] forty days after his resurrection, he, in our nature, and as our head,[3] triumphing over enemies,[4] visibly went up into the highest heavens, there to receive gifts for men,[5] to raise up our affections thither,[6] and to prepare a place for us,[7] where himself is, and shall continue till his second coming at the end of the world.[8]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.1.2-Acts.1.3", "osis": ["Acts.1.2-Acts.1.3"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20", "osis": ["Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.6.20", "osis": ["Heb.6.20"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.4.8", "osis": ["Eph.4.8"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.1.9-Acts.1.11", "osis": ["Acts.1.9-Acts.1.11"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.10", "osis": ["Eph.4.10"]}, {"raw": "Ps.68.18", "osis": ["Ps.68.18"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Col.3.1-Col.3.2", "osis": ["Col.3.1-Col.3.2"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "John.14.3", "osis": ["John.14.3"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.3.21", "osis": ["Acts.3.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "54", "sort_key": 54, "question": "How is Christ exalted in his sitting at the right hand of God?", "answer": "Christ is exalted in his sitting at the right hand of God, in that as God-man he is advanced to the highest favor with God the Father, with all fulness of joy, glory, and power over all things in heaven and earth; and doth gather and defend his church, and subdue their enemies; furnisheth his ministers and people with gifts and graces, and maketh intercession for them.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ is exalted in his sitting at the right hand of God, in that as God-man he is advanced to the highest favor with God the Father,[1] with all fulness of joy,[2] glory,[3] and power over all things in heaven and earth;[4] and doth gather and defend his church, and subdue their enemies; furnisheth his ministers and people with gifts and graces,[5] and maketh intercession for them.[6]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.2.9", "osis": ["Phil.2.9"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.28", "osis": ["Acts.2.28"]}, {"raw": "Ps.16.11", "osis": ["Ps.16.11"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "John.17.5", "osis": ["John.17.5"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.22", "osis": ["Eph.1.22"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.3.22", "osis": ["1Pet.3.22"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.4.10-Eph.4.12", "osis": ["Eph.4.10-Eph.4.12"]}, {"raw": "Ps.110.1", "osis": ["Ps.110.1"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.34", "osis": ["Rom.8.34"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "55", "sort_key": 55, "question": "How doth Christ make intercession?", "answer": "Christ maketh intercession, by his appearing in our nature continually before the Father in heaven, in the merit of his obedience and sacrifice on earth, declaring his will to have it applied to all believers; answering all accusations against them, and procuring for them quiet of conscience, notwithstanding daily failings, access with boldness to the throne of grace, and acceptance of their persons  and services.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ maketh intercession, by his appearing in our nature continually before the Father in heaven,[1] in the merit of his obedience and sacrifice on earth,[2] declaring his will to have it applied to all believers;[3] answering all accusations against them,[4] and procuring for them quiet of conscience, notwithstanding daily failings,[5] access with boldness to the throne of grace,[6] and acceptance of their persons [7] and services.[8]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.9.12,Heb.9.24", "osis": ["Heb.9.12", "Heb.9.24"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.1.3", "osis": ["Heb.1.3"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "John.3.16", "osis": ["John.3.16"]}, {"raw": "John.17.9,John.17.20,John.17.24", "osis": ["John.17.9", "John.17.20", "John.17.24"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.33-Rom.8.34", "osis": ["Rom.8.33-Rom.8.34"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.1-Rom.5.2", "osis": ["Rom.5.1-Rom.5.2"]}, {"raw": "1John.2.1-1John.2.2", "osis": ["1John.2.1-1John.2.2"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.4.16", "osis": ["Heb.4.16"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.6", "osis": ["Eph.1.6"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.2.5", "osis": ["1Pet.2.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "56", "sort_key": 56, "question": "How is Christ to be exalted in his coming again to judge the world?", "answer": "Christ is to be exalted in his coming again to judge the world, in that he, who was unjustly judged and condemned by wicked men, shall come again at the last day in great power, and in the full manifestation of his own glory, and of his Father's, with all his holy angels, with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trumpet of God, to judge the world in righteousness.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ is to be exalted in his coming again to judge the world, in that he, who was unjustly judged and condemned by wicked men,[1] shall come again at the last day in great power,[2] and in the full manifestation of his own glory, and of his Father's, with all his holy angels,[3] with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trumpet of God,[4] to judge the world in righteousness.[5]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.3.14-Acts.3.15", "osis": ["Acts.3.14-Acts.3.15"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.14.30", "osis": ["Matt.14.30"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.9.26", "osis": ["Luke.9.26"]}, {"raw": "Matt.25.31", "osis": ["Matt.25.31"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Thess.4.16", "osis": ["1Thess.4.16"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.17.31", "osis": ["Acts.17.31"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "57", "sort_key": 57, "question": "What benefits hath Christ procured by his mediation?", "answer": "Christ, by his mediation, hath procured redemption, with all other benefits of the covenant of grace.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ, by his mediation, hath procured redemption,[1] with all other benefits of the covenant of grace.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.9.12", "osis": ["Heb.9.12"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.1.20", "osis": ["2Cor.1.20"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "58", "sort_key": 58, "question": "How do we come to be made partakers of the benefits which Christ hath procured?", "answer": "We are made partakers of the benefits which Christ hath procured, by the application of them unto us, which is the work especially of God the Holy Ghost.", "answer_with_proofs": "We are made partakers of the benefits which Christ hath procured,[1] by the application of them unto us, which is the work especially of God the Holy Ghost.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.11-John.1.12", "osis": ["John.1.11-John.1.12"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Titus.3.5-Titus.3.6", "osis": ["Titus.3.5-Titus.3.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "59", "sort_key": 59, "question": "Who are made partakers of redemption through Christ?", "answer": "Redemption is certainly applied, and effectually communicated, to all those for whom Christ hath purchased it; who are in time by the Holy Ghost enabled to believe in Christ according to the gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": "Redemption is certainly applied, and effectually communicated, to all those for whom Christ hath purchased it;[1] who are in time by the Holy Ghost enabled to believe in Christ according to the gospel.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.13-Eph.1.14", "osis": ["Eph.1.13-Eph.1.14"]}, {"raw": "John.6.37,John.6.39", "osis": ["John.6.37", "John.6.39"]}, {"raw": "John.10.15-John.10.16", "osis": ["John.10.15-John.10.16"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.2.8", "osis": ["Eph.2.8"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.4.13", "osis": ["2Cor.4.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "60", "sort_key": 60, "question": "Can they who have never heard the gospel, and so know not Jesus Christ, nor believe in him, be saved by their living according to the light of nature?", "answer": "They who, having never heard the gospel, know not Jesus Christ, and believe not in him, cannot be saved, be they never so diligent to frame their lives according to the light of nature, or the laws of that religion which they profess; neither is there salvation in any other, but in Christ alone, who is the Savior only of his body the church.", "answer_with_proofs": "They who, having never heard the gospel,[1] know not Jesus Christ,[2] and believe not in him, cannot be saved,[3] be they never so diligent to frame their lives according to the light of nature,[4] or the laws of that religion which they profess;[5] neither is there salvation in any other, but in Christ alone,[6] who is the Savior only of his body the church.[7]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.10.14", "osis": ["Rom.10.14"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Thess.1.8-2Thess.1.9", "osis": ["2Thess.1.8-2Thess.1.9"]}, {"raw": "Eph.2.12", "osis": ["Eph.2.12"]}, {"raw": "John.1.10-John.1.12", "osis": ["John.1.10-John.1.12"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "John.8.24", "osis": ["John.8.24"]}, {"raw": "Mark.16.16", "osis": ["Mark.16.16"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.1.20-1Cor.1.24", "osis": ["1Cor.1.20-1Cor.1.24"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "John.4.22", "osis": ["John.4.22"]}, {"raw": "Rom.9.31-Rom.9.32", "osis": ["Rom.9.31-Rom.9.32"]}, {"raw": "Phil.3.4-Phil.3.9", "osis": ["Phil.3.4-Phil.3.9"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.4.12", "osis": ["Acts.4.12"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.5.23", "osis": ["Eph.5.23"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "61", "sort_key": 61, "question": "Are all they saved who hear the gospel, and live in the church?", "answer": "All that hear the gospel, and live in the visible church, are not saved; but they only who are true members of the church invisible.", "answer_with_proofs": "All that hear the gospel, and live in the visible church, are not saved; but they only who are true members of the church invisible.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.12.38-John.12.40", "osis": ["John.12.38-John.12.40"]}, {"raw": "Rom.9.6", "osis": ["Rom.9.6"]}, {"raw": "Rom.11.7", "osis": ["Rom.11.7"]}, {"raw": "Matt.7.21", "osis": ["Matt.7.21"]}, {"raw": "Matt.22.14", "osis": ["Matt.22.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "62", "sort_key": 62, "question": "What is the visible church?", "answer": "The visible church is a society made up of all such as in all ages and places of the world do profess the true religion, and of their children.", "answer_with_proofs": "The visible church is a society made up of all such as in all ages and places of the world do profess the true religion,[1] and of their children.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.1.2", "osis": ["1Cor.1.2"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.12.13", "osis": ["1Cor.12.13"]}, {"raw": "Rom.15.9-Rom.15.12", "osis": ["Rom.15.9-Rom.15.12"]}, {"raw": "Rev.7.9", "osis": ["Rev.7.9"]}, {"raw": "Ps.2.8", "osis": ["Ps.2.8"]}, {"raw": "Ps.22.27-Ps.22.31", "osis": ["Ps.22.27-Ps.22.31"]}, {"raw": "Ps.45.17", "osis": ["Ps.45.17"]}, {"raw": "Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20", "osis": ["Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20"]}, {"raw": "Isa.59.21", "osis": ["Isa.59.21"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.7.14", "osis": ["1Cor.7.14"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.39", "osis": ["Acts.2.39"]}, {"raw": "Rom.11.16", "osis": ["Rom.11.16"]}, {"raw": "Gen.17.7", "osis": ["Gen.17.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "63", "sort_key": 63, "question": "What are the special privileges of the visible church?", "answer": "The visible church hath the privilege of being under God's special care and government; of being protected and preserved in all ages, not withstanding the opposition of all enemies; and of enjoying the communion of saints, the ordinary means of salvation, and offers of grace by Christ to all the members of it in the ministry of the gospel, testifying, that whosoever believes in him shall be saved, and excluding none that will come unto him.", "answer_with_proofs": "The visible church hath the privilege of being under God's special care and government;[1] of being protected and preserved in all ages, not withstanding the opposition of all enemies;[2] and of enjoying the communion of saints, the ordinary means of salvation,[3] and offers of grace by Christ to all the members of it in the ministry of the gospel, testifying, that whosoever believes in him shall be saved,[4] and excluding none that will come unto him.[5]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.4.5-Isa.4.6", "osis": ["Isa.4.5-Isa.4.6"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.4.10", "osis": ["1Tim.4.10"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.115.1-Ps.115.2,Ps.115.9", "osis": ["Ps.115.1-Ps.115.2", "Ps.115.9"]}, {"raw": "Isa.31.4-Isa.31.5", "osis": ["Isa.31.4-Isa.31.5"]}, {"raw": "Zech.12.2-Zech.12.4,Zech.12.8-Zech.12.9", "osis": ["Zech.12.2-Zech.12.4", "Zech.12.8-Zech.12.9"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.39,Acts.2.42", "osis": ["Acts.2.39", "Acts.2.42"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.147.19-Ps.147.20", "osis": ["Ps.147.19-Ps.147.20"]}, {"raw": "Rom.9.4", "osis": ["Rom.9.4"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.11-Eph.4.12", "osis": ["Eph.4.11-Eph.4.12"]}, {"raw": "Mark.16.15-Mark.16.16", "osis": ["Mark.16.15-Mark.16.16"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "John.6.37", "osis": ["John.6.37"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "64", "sort_key": 64, "question": "What is the invisible church?", "answer": "The invisible church is the whole number of the elect, that have been, are, or shall be gathered into one under Christ the head.", "answer_with_proofs": "The invisible church is the whole number of the elect, that have been, are, or shall be gathered into one under Christ the head.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.20,Eph.1.22-Eph.1.23", "osis": ["Eph.1.20", "Eph.1.22-Eph.1.23"]}, {"raw": "John.10.16,John.11.52", "osis": ["John.10.16", "John.11.52"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "65", "sort_key": 65, "question": "What special benefits do the members of the invisible church enjoy by Christ?", "answer": "The members of the invisible church by Christ enjoy union and communion with him in grace and glory.", "answer_with_proofs": "The members of the invisible church by Christ enjoy union and communion with him in grace and glory.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.17.21,John.17.24", "osis": ["John.17.21", "John.17.24"]}, {"raw": "Eph.2.5-Eph.2.6", "osis": ["Eph.2.5-Eph.2.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "66", "sort_key": 66, "question": "What is that union which the elect have with Christ?", "answer": "The union which the elect have with Christ is the work of God's grace, whereby they are spiritually and mystically, yet really and inseparably, joined to Christ as their head and husband; which is done in their effectual calling.", "answer_with_proofs": "The union which the elect have with Christ is the work of God's grace,[1] whereby they are spiritually and mystically, yet really and inseparably, joined to Christ as their head and husband;[2] which is done in their effectual calling.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.22", "osis": ["Eph.1.22"]}, {"raw": "Eph.2.6-Eph.2.8", "osis": ["Eph.2.6-Eph.2.8"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.6.17", "osis": ["1Cor.6.17"]}, {"raw": "John.10.28", "osis": ["John.10.28"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.23,Eph.5.30", "osis": ["Eph.5.23", "Eph.5.30"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.5.10", "osis": ["1Pet.5.10"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.1.9", "osis": ["1Cor.1.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "67", "sort_key": 67, "question": "What is effectual calling?", "answer": "Effectual calling is the work of God's almighty power and grace, whereby (out of his free and special love to his elect, and from nothing in them moving him thereunto ) he doth, in his accepted time, invite and draw them to Jesus Christ, by his word and Spirit; savingly enlightening their minds, renewing and powerfully determining their wills, so as they (although in themselves dead in sin) are hereby made willing and able freely to answer his call, and to accept and embrace the grace offered and conveyed therein.", "answer_with_proofs": "Effectual calling is the work of God's almighty power and grace,[1] whereby (out of his free and special love to his elect, and from nothing in them moving him thereunto [2]) he doth, in his accepted time, invite and draw them to Jesus Christ, by his word and Spirit;[3] savingly enlightening their minds,[4] renewing and powerfully determining their wills,[5] so as they (although in themselves dead in sin) are hereby made willing and able freely to answer his call, and to accept and embrace the grace offered and conveyed therein.[6]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.5.25", "osis": ["John.5.25"]}, {"raw": "Eph.1.18-Eph.1.20", "osis": ["Eph.1.18-Eph.1.20"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.1.8-2Tim.1.9", "osis": ["2Tim.1.8-2Tim.1.9"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Titus.3.4-Titus.3.5", "osis": ["Titus.3.4-Titus.3.5"]}, {"raw": "Eph.2.4-Eph.2.5,Eph.2.7-Eph.2.9", "osis": ["Eph.2.4-Eph.2.5", "Eph.2.7-Eph.2.9"]}, {"raw": "Rom.9.11", "osis": ["Rom.9.11"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.5.20", "osis": ["2Cor.5.20"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.6.1-2Cor.6.2", "osis": ["2Cor.6.1-2Cor.6.2"]}, {"raw": "John.6.44", "osis": ["John.6.44"]}, {"raw": "2Thess.2.13-2Thess.2.14", "osis": ["2Thess.2.13-2Thess.2.14"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.26.18", "osis": ["Acts.26.18"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.2.10,1Cor.2.12", "osis": ["1Cor.2.10", "1Cor.2.12"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.11.19", "osis": ["Ezek.11.19"]}, {"raw": "Ezek.36.26-Ezek.36.27", "osis": ["Ezek.36.26-Ezek.36.27"]}, {"raw": "John.6.45", "osis": ["John.6.45"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.2.5", "osis": ["Eph.2.5"]}, {"raw": "Phil.2.13", "osis": ["Phil.2.13"]}, {"raw": "Deut.30.6", "osis": ["Deut.30.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "68", "sort_key": 68, "question": "Are the elect only effectually called?", "answer": "All the elect, and they only, are effectually called; although others may be, and often are, outwardly called by the ministry of the word, and have some common operations of the Spirit; who, for their wilful neglect and contempt of the grace offered to them, being justly left in their unbelief, do never truly come to Jesus Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": "All the elect, and they only, are effectually called;[1] although others may be, and often are, outwardly called by the ministry of the word,[2] and have some common operations of the Spirit;[3] who, for their wilful neglect and contempt of the grace offered to them, being justly left in their unbelief, do never truly come to Jesus Christ.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.13.48", "osis": ["Acts.13.48"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.22.14", "osis": ["Matt.22.14"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.7.22", "osis": ["Matt.7.22"]}, {"raw": "Matt.13.20-Matt.13.21", "osis": ["Matt.13.20-Matt.13.21"]}, {"raw": "Heb.6.4-Heb.6.6", "osis": ["Heb.6.4-Heb.6.6"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "John.6.64-John.6.65", "osis": ["John.6.64-John.6.65"]}, {"raw": "John.12.38-John.12.40", "osis": ["John.12.38-John.12.40"]}, {"raw": "Acts.18.25-Acts.18.27", "osis": ["Acts.18.25-Acts.18.27"]}, {"raw": "Ps.81.11-Ps.81.12", "osis": ["Ps.81.11-Ps.81.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "69", "sort_key": 69, "question": "What is the communion in grace which the members of the invisible church have with Christ?", "answer": "The communion in grace which the members of the invisible church have with Christ, is their partaking of the virtue of his mediation, in their justification, adoption, sanctification, and whatever else, in this life, manifests their union with him.", "answer_with_proofs": "The communion in grace which the members of the invisible church have with Christ, is their partaking of the virtue of his mediation, in their justification,[1] adoption,[2] sanctification, and whatever else, in this life, manifests their union with him.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.30", "osis": ["Rom.8.30"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.5", "osis": ["Eph.1.5"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.1.30", "osis": ["1Cor.1.30"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "70", "sort_key": 70, "question": "What is justification?", "answer": "Justification is an act of God's free grace unto sinners, in which he pardoneth all their sins, accepteth and accounteth their persons righteous in his sight; not for any thing wrought in them, or done by them, but only for the perfect obedience and full satisfaction of Christ, by God imputed to them, and received by faith alone.", "answer_with_proofs": "Justification is an act of God's free grace unto sinners,[1] in which he pardoneth all their sins, accepteth and accounteth their persons righteous in his sight;[2] not for any thing wrought in them, or done by them,[3] but only for the perfect obedience and full satisfaction of Christ, by God imputed to them,[4] and received by faith alone.[5]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.22,Rom.3.24-Rom.3.25", "osis": ["Rom.3.22", "Rom.3.24-Rom.3.25"]}, {"raw": "Rom.4.5", "osis": ["Rom.4.5"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.5.19,2Cor.5.21", "osis": ["2Cor.5.19", "2Cor.5.21"]}, {"raw": "Rom.3.22-Rom.3.25,Rom.3.27-Rom.3.28", "osis": ["Rom.3.22-Rom.3.25", "Rom.3.27-Rom.3.28"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Titus.3.5,Titus.3.7", "osis": ["Titus.3.5", "Titus.3.7"]}, {"raw": "Eph.1.7", "osis": ["Eph.1.7"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.4.6-Rom.4.8", "osis": ["Rom.4.6-Rom.4.8"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.17-Rom.5.19", "osis": ["Rom.5.17-Rom.5.19"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.10.43", "osis": ["Acts.10.43"]}, {"raw": "Gal.2.16", "osis": ["Gal.2.16"]}, {"raw": "Phil.3.9", "osis": ["Phil.3.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "71", "sort_key": 71, "question": "How is justification an act of God's free grace?", "answer": "Although Christ, by his obedience and death, did make a proper, real, and full satisfaction to God's justice in the behalf of them that are justified; yet inasmuch as God accepteth the satisfaction from a surety, which he might have demanded of them, and did provide this surety, his own only Son, imputing his righteousness to them, and requiring nothing of them for their justification but faith, which also is his gift, their justification is to them of free grace.", "answer_with_proofs": "Although Christ, by his obedience and death, did make a proper, real, and full satisfaction to God's justice in the behalf of them that are justified;[1] yet inasmuch as God accepteth the satisfaction from a surety, which he might have demanded of them, and did provide this surety, his own only Son,[2] imputing his righteousness to them,[3] and requiring nothing of them for their justification but faith,[4] which also is his gift,[5] their justification is to them of free grace.[6]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.8-Rom.5.10,Rom.5.19", "osis": ["Rom.5.8-Rom.5.10", "Rom.5.19"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.2.5-2Tim.2.6", "osis": ["2Tim.2.5-2Tim.2.6"]}, {"raw": "Heb.7.22", "osis": ["Heb.7.22"]}, {"raw": "Heb.10.10", "osis": ["Heb.10.10"]}, {"raw": "Matt.20.28", "osis": ["Matt.20.28"]}, {"raw": "Dan.9.24,Dan.9.26", "osis": ["Dan.9.24", "Dan.9.26"]}, {"raw": "Isa.53.4-Isa.53.6,Isa.53.10-Isa.53.12", "osis": ["Isa.53.4-Isa.53.6", "Isa.53.10-Isa.53.12"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.32", "osis": ["Rom.8.32"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.1.18-1Pet.1.19", "osis": ["1Pet.1.18-1Pet.1.19"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.5.21", "osis": ["2Cor.5.21"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.24-Rom.3.25", "osis": ["Rom.3.24-Rom.3.25"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.2.8", "osis": ["Eph.2.8"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.7", "osis": ["Eph.1.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "72", "sort_key": 72, "question": "What is justifying faith?", "answer": "Justifying faith is a saving grace, wrought in the heart of a sinner by the Spirit  and word of God, whereby he, being convinced of his sin and misery, and of the disability in himself and all other creatures to recover him out of his lost condition, not only assenteth to the truth of the promise of the gospel, but receiveth and resteth upon Christ and his righteousness, therein held forth, for pardon of sin, and for the accepting and accounting of his person righteous in the sight of God for salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "Justifying faith is a saving grace,[1] wrought in the heart of a sinner by the Spirit [2] and word of God,[3] whereby he, being convinced of his sin and misery, and of the disability in himself and all other creatures to recover him out of his lost condition,[4] not only assenteth to the truth of the promise of the gospel,[5] but receiveth and resteth upon Christ and his righteousness, therein held forth, for pardon of sin,[6] and for the accepting and accounting of his person righteous in the sight of God for salvation.[7]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.10.39", "osis": ["Heb.10.39"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.4.13", "osis": ["2Cor.4.13"]}, {"raw": "Eph.1.17-Eph.1.19", "osis": ["Eph.1.17-Eph.1.19"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.10.14,Rom.10.17", "osis": ["Rom.10.14", "Rom.10.17"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.37", "osis": ["Acts.2.37"]}, {"raw": "Acts.4.12", "osis": ["Acts.4.12"]}, {"raw": "Acts.16.30", "osis": ["Acts.16.30"]}, {"raw": "John.16.8-John.16.9", "osis": ["John.16.8-John.16.9"]}, {"raw": "Rom.5.6", "osis": ["Rom.5.6"]}, {"raw": "Eph.2.1", "osis": ["Eph.2.1"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.13", "osis": ["Eph.1.13"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.12", "osis": ["John.1.12"]}, {"raw": "Acts.10.43", "osis": ["Acts.10.43"]}, {"raw": "Acts.16.31", "osis": ["Acts.16.31"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.3.9", "osis": ["Phil.3.9"]}, {"raw": "Acts.15.11", "osis": ["Acts.15.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "73", "sort_key": 73, "question": "How doth faith justify a sinner in the sight of God?", "answer": "Faith justifies a sinner in the sight of God, not because of those other graces which do always accompany it, or of good works that are the fruits of it, nor as if the grace of faith, or any act thereof, were imputed to him for his justification; but only as it is an instrument by which he receiveth and applies Christ and his righteousness.", "answer_with_proofs": "Faith justifies a sinner in the sight of God, not because of those other graces which do always accompany it, or of good works that are the fruits of it,[1] nor as if the grace of faith, or any act thereof, were imputed to him for his justification;[2] but only as it is an instrument by which he receiveth and applies Christ and his righteousness.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.3.11", "osis": ["Gal.3.11"]}, {"raw": "Rom.3.28", "osis": ["Rom.3.28"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.4.5", "osis": ["Rom.4.5"]}, {"raw": "Rom.10.10", "osis": ["Rom.10.10"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.12", "osis": ["John.1.12"]}, {"raw": "Phil.3.9", "osis": ["Phil.3.9"]}, {"raw": "Gal.2.16", "osis": ["Gal.2.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "74", "sort_key": 74, "question": "What is adoption?", "answer": "Adoption is an act of the free grace of God, in and for his only Son Jesus Christ, whereby all those that are justified are received into the number of his children, have his name put upon them, the Spirit of his Son given to them, are under his fatherly care and dispensations, admitted to all the liberties and privileges of the sons of God, made heirs of all the promises, and fellow heirs with Christ in glory.", "answer_with_proofs": "Adoption is an act of the free grace of God,[1] in and for his only Son Jesus Christ,[2] whereby all those that are justified are received into the number of his children,[3] have his name put upon them,[4] the Spirit of his Son given to them,[5] are under his fatherly care and dispensations,[6] admitted to all the liberties and privileges of the sons of God, made heirs of all the promises, and fellow heirs with Christ in glory.[7]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1John.3.1", "osis": ["1John.3.1"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.5", "osis": ["Eph.1.5"]}, {"raw": "Gal.4.4-Gal.4.5", "osis": ["Gal.4.4-Gal.4.5"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.12", "osis": ["John.1.12"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.4.18", "osis": ["2Cor.4.18"]}, {"raw": "Rev.3.12", "osis": ["Rev.3.12"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.4.6", "osis": ["Gal.4.6"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.103.13", "osis": ["Ps.103.13"]}, {"raw": "Prov.14.26", "osis": ["Prov.14.26"]}, {"raw": "Matt.6.32", "osis": ["Matt.6.32"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.6.12", "osis": ["Heb.6.12"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.17", "osis": ["Rom.8.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "75", "sort_key": 75, "question": "What is sanctification?", "answer": "Sanctification is a work of God's grace, whereby they whom God hath, before the foundation of the world, chosen to be holy, are in time, through the powerful operation of his Spirit  applying the death and resurrection of Christ unto them, renewed in their whole man after the image of God; having the seeds of repentance unto life, and all other saving graces, put into their hearts, and those graces so stirred up, increased, and strengthened, as that they more and more die unto sin, and rise unto newness of life.", "answer_with_proofs": "Sanctification is a work of God's grace, whereby they whom God hath, before the foundation of the world, chosen to be holy, are in time, through the powerful operation of his Spirit [1] applying the death and resurrection of Christ unto them,[2] renewed in their whole man after the image of God;[3] having the seeds of repentance unto life, and all other saving graces, put into their hearts,[4] and those graces so stirred up, increased, and strengthened,[5] as that they more and more die unto sin, and rise unto newness of life.[6]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.4", "osis": ["Eph.1.4"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.6.11", "osis": ["1Cor.6.11"]}, {"raw": "2Thess.2.13", "osis": ["2Thess.2.13"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.4-Rom.6.6", "osis": ["Rom.6.4-Rom.6.6"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.4.23-Eph.4.24", "osis": ["Eph.4.23-Eph.4.24"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.11.18", "osis": ["Acts.11.18"]}, {"raw": "1John.3.9", "osis": ["1John.3.9"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Jude.1.20", "osis": ["Jude.1.20"]}, {"raw": "Heb.6.11-Heb.6.12", "osis": ["Heb.6.11-Heb.6.12"]}, {"raw": "Eph.3.16-Eph.3.19", "osis": ["Eph.3.16-Eph.3.19"]}, {"raw": "Col.1.10-Col.1.11", "osis": ["Col.1.10-Col.1.11"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.4", "osis": ["Rom.6.4"]}, {"raw": "Rom.6.14", "osis": ["Rom.6.14"]}, {"raw": "Gal.5.24", "osis": ["Gal.5.24"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "76", "sort_key": 76, "question": "What is repentance unto life?", "answer": "Repentance unto life is a saving grace, wrought in the heart of a sinner by the Spirit  and word of God, whereby, out of the sight and sense, not only of the danger, but also of the filthiness and odiousness of his sins, and upon the apprehension of God's mercy in Christ to such as are penitent, he so grieves for  and hates his sins, as that he turns from them all to God, purposing and endeavoring constantly to walk with him in all the ways of new obedience.", "answer_with_proofs": "Repentance unto life is a saving grace,[1] wrought in the heart of a sinner by the Spirit [2] and word of God,[3] whereby, out of the sight and sense, not only of the danger,[4] but also of the filthiness and odiousness of his sins,[5] and upon the apprehension of God's mercy in Christ to such as are penitent,[6] he so grieves for [7] and hates his sins,[8] as that he turns from them all to God,[9] purposing and endeavoring constantly to walk with him in all the ways of new obedience.[10]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.2.25", "osis": ["2Tim.2.25"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Zech.12.10", "osis": ["Zech.12.10"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.11.18,Acts.11.20-Acts.11.21", "osis": ["Acts.11.18", "Acts.11.20-Acts.11.21"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.18.28,Ezek.18.30,Ezek.18.32", "osis": ["Ezek.18.28", "Ezek.18.30", "Ezek.18.32"]}, {"raw": "Luke.15.17-Luke.15.18", "osis": ["Luke.15.17-Luke.15.18"]}, {"raw": "Hos.2.6-Hos.2.7", "osis": ["Hos.2.6-Hos.2.7"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.36.31", "osis": ["Ezek.36.31"]}, {"raw": "Isa.30.22", "osis": ["Isa.30.22"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Joel.2.12-Joel.2.13", "osis": ["Joel.2.12-Joel.2.13"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.31.18-Jer.31.19", "osis": ["Jer.31.18-Jer.31.19"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.7.11", "osis": ["2Cor.7.11"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.26.18", "osis": ["Acts.26.18"]}, {"raw": "Ezek.14.6", "osis": ["Ezek.14.6"]}, {"raw": "1Kgs.8.47-1Kgs.8.48", "osis": ["1Kgs.8.47-1Kgs.8.48"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.119.6,Ps.119.59,Ps.119.128", "osis": ["Ps.119.6", "Ps.119.59", "Ps.119.128"]}, {"raw": "Luke.1.6", "osis": ["Luke.1.6"]}, {"raw": "2Kgs.23.25", "osis": ["2Kgs.23.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "77", "sort_key": 77, "question": "Wherein do justification and sanctification differ?", "answer": "Although sanctification be inseparably joined with justification, yet they differ, in that God in justification imputeth the righteousness of Christ; in sanctification his Spirit infuseth grace, and enableth to the exercise thereof; in the former, sin is pardoned; in the other, it is subdued: the one doth equally free all believers from the revenging wrath of God, and that perfectly in this life, that they never fall into condemnation; the other is neither equal in all, nor in this life perfect in any, but growing up to perfection.", "answer_with_proofs": "Although sanctification be inseparably joined with justification,[1] yet they differ, in that God in justification imputeth the righteousness of Christ;[2] in sanctification his Spirit infuseth grace, and enableth to the exercise thereof;[3] in the former, sin is pardoned;[4] in the other, it is subdued:[5] the one doth equally free all believers from the revenging wrath of God, and that perfectly in this life, that they never fall into condemnation;[6] the other is neither equal in all,[7] nor in this life perfect in any,[8] but growing up to perfection.[9]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.1.30", "osis": ["1Cor.1.30"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.6.11", "osis": ["1Cor.6.11"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.4.6,Rom.4.8", "osis": ["Rom.4.6", "Rom.4.8"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.36.27", "osis": ["Ezek.36.27"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.24-Rom.3.25", "osis": ["Rom.3.24-Rom.3.25"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.6,Rom.6.14", "osis": ["Rom.6.6", "Rom.6.14"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.33-Rom.8.34", "osis": ["Rom.8.33-Rom.8.34"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "1John.2.12-1John.2.14", "osis": ["1John.2.12-1John.2.14"]}, {"raw": "Heb.5.12-Heb.5.14", "osis": ["Heb.5.12-Heb.5.14"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "1John.1.8,1John.1.10", "osis": ["1John.1.8", "1John.1.10"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.7.1", "osis": ["2Cor.7.1"]}, {"raw": "Phil.3.12-Phil.3.14", "osis": ["Phil.3.12-Phil.3.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "78", "sort_key": 78, "question": "Whence ariseth the imperfection of sanctification in believers?", "answer": "The imperfection of sanctification in believers ariseth from the remnants of sin abiding in every part of them, and the perpetual lustings of the flesh against the spirit; whereby they are often foiled with temptations, and fall into many sins, are hindered in all their spiritual services, and their best works are imperfect and defiled in the sight of God.", "answer_with_proofs": "The imperfection of sanctification in believers ariseth from the remnants of sin abiding in every part of them, and the perpetual lustings of the flesh against the spirit; whereby they are often foiled with temptations, and fall into many sins,[1] are hindered in all their spiritual services,[2] and their best works are imperfect and defiled in the sight of God.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.7.18,Rom.7.23", "osis": ["Rom.7.18", "Rom.7.23"]}, {"raw": "Mark.14.66-Mark.14.72", "osis": ["Mark.14.66-Mark.14.72"]}, {"raw": "Gal.2.11-Gal.2.12", "osis": ["Gal.2.11-Gal.2.12"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.12.1", "osis": ["Heb.12.1"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.64.6", "osis": ["Isa.64.6"]}, {"raw": "Exod.28.38", "osis": ["Exod.28.38"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "79", "sort_key": 79, "question": "May not true believers, by reason of their imperfections, and the many temptations and sins they are overtaken with, fall away from the state of grace ?", "answer": "True believers, by reason of the unchangeable love of God, and his decree and covenant to give them perseverance, their inseparable union with Christ, his continual intercession for them, and the Spirit and seed of God abiding in them, can neither totally nor finally fall away from the state of grace, but are kept by the power of God through faith unto salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "True believers, by reason of the unchangeable love of God,[1] and his decree and covenant to give them perseverance,[2] their inseparable union with Christ,[3] his continual intercession for them,[4] and the Spirit and seed of God abiding in them,[5] can neither totally nor finally fall away from the state of grace,[6] but are kept by the power of God through faith unto salvation.[7]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.31.3", "osis": ["Jer.31.3"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.2.19-2Tim.2.21", "osis": ["2Tim.2.19-2Tim.2.21"]}, {"raw": "2Sam.23.5", "osis": ["2Sam.23.5"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.1.8-1Cor.1.9", "osis": ["1Cor.1.8-1Cor.1.9"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.7.25", "osis": ["Heb.7.25"]}, {"raw": "Luke.22.32", "osis": ["Luke.22.32"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "1John.2.27", "osis": ["1John.2.27"]}, {"raw": "1John.3.9", "osis": ["1John.3.9"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.32.40", "osis": ["Jer.32.40"]}, {"raw": "John.10.28", "osis": ["John.10.28"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.1.5", "osis": ["1Pet.1.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "80", "sort_key": 80, "question": "Can true believers be infallibly assured that they are in the estate of grace, and that they shall persevere therein unto salvation?", "answer": "Such as truly believe in Christ, and endeavor to walk in all good conscience before him, may, without extraordinary revelation, by faith grounded upon the truth of God's promises, and by the Spirit enabling them to discern in themselves those graces to which the promises of life are made, and bearing witness with their spirits that they are the children of God, be infallibly assured that they are in the estate of grace, and shall persevere therein unto salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "Such as truly believe in Christ, and endeavor to walk in all good conscience before him,[1] may, without extraordinary revelation, by faith grounded upon the truth of God's promises, and by the Spirit enabling them to discern in themselves those graces to which the promises of life are made,[2] and bearing witness with their spirits that they are the children of God,[3] be infallibly assured that they are in the estate of grace, and shall persevere therein unto salvation.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1John.2.3", "osis": ["1John.2.3"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.2.12", "osis": ["1Cor.2.12"]}, {"raw": "1John.3.14,1John.3.18-1John.3.19,1John.3.21,1John.3.24", "osis": ["1John.3.14", "1John.3.18-1John.3.19", "1John.3.21", "1John.3.24"]}, {"raw": "1John.4.13,1John.4.16", "osis": ["1John.4.13", "1John.4.16"]}, {"raw": "Heb.6.11-Heb.6.12", "osis": ["Heb.6.11-Heb.6.12"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.16", "osis": ["Rom.8.16"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1John.5.13", "osis": ["1John.5.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "81", "sort_key": 81, "question": "Are all true believers at all times assured of their present being in the estate of grace, and that they shall be saved?", "answer": "Assurance of grace and salvation not being of the essence of faith, true believers may wait long before they obtain it; and, after the enjoyment thereof, may have it weakened and intermitted, through manifold distempers, sins, temptations, and desertions; yet are they never left without such a presence and support of the Spirit of God as keeps them from sinking into utter despair.", "answer_with_proofs": "Assurance of grace and salvation not being of the essence of faith,[1] true believers may wait long before they obtain it;[2] and, after the enjoyment thereof, may have it weakened and intermitted, through manifold distempers, sins, temptations, and desertions;[3] yet are they never left without such a presence and support of the Spirit of God as keeps them from sinking into utter despair.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.13", "osis": ["Eph.1.13"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.50.10", "osis": ["Isa.50.10"]}, {"raw": "Ps.88", "osis": ["Ps.88"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.22.1", "osis": ["Ps.22.1"]}, {"raw": "Ps.31.22", "osis": ["Ps.31.22"]}, {"raw": "Ps.51.8,Ps.51.12", "osis": ["Ps.51.8", "Ps.51.12"]}, {"raw": "Ps.77.1-Ps.77.12", "osis": ["Ps.77.1-Ps.77.12"]}, {"raw": "Song.5.2-Song.5.3,Song.5.6", "osis": ["Song.5.2-Song.5.3", "Song.5.6"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1John.3.9", "osis": ["1John.3.9"]}, {"raw": "Job.13.15", "osis": ["Job.13.15"]}, {"raw": "Ps.73.15,Ps.73.23", "osis": ["Ps.73.15", "Ps.73.23"]}, {"raw": "Isa.54.7-Isa.54.10", "osis": ["Isa.54.7-Isa.54.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "82", "sort_key": 82, "question": "What is the communion in glory which the members of the invisible church have with Christ?", "answer": "The communion in glory which the members of the invisible church have with Christ, is in this life, immediately after death, and at last perfected at the resurrection and day of judgment.", "answer_with_proofs": "The communion in glory which the members of the invisible church have with Christ, is in this life,[1] immediately after death,[2] and at last perfected at the resurrection and day of judgment.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.3.18", "osis": ["2Cor.3.18"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.23.43", "osis": ["Luke.23.43"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Thess.4.17", "osis": ["1Thess.4.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "83", "sort_key": 83, "question": "What is the communion in glory with Christ which the members of the invisible church enjoy in this life?", "answer": "The members of the invisible church have communicated to them in this life the firstfruits of glory with Christ, as they are members of him their head, and so in him are interested in that glory which he is fully possessed of; and, as an earnest thereof, enjoy the sense of God's love, peace of conscience, joy in the Holy Ghost, and hope of glory; as, on the contrary, sense of God's revenging wrath, horror of conscience, and a fearful expectation of judgment, are to the wicked the beginning of their torments which they shall endure after death.", "answer_with_proofs": "The members of the invisible church have communicated to them in this life the firstfruits of glory with Christ, as they are members of him their head, and so in him are interested in that glory which he is fully possessed of;[1] and, as an earnest thereof, enjoy the sense of God's love,[2] peace of conscience, joy in the Holy Ghost, and hope of glory;[3] as, on the contrary, sense of God's revenging wrath, horror of conscience, and a fearful expectation of judgment, are to the wicked the beginning of their torments which they shall endure after death.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.2.5", "osis": ["Eph.2.5"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.5", "osis": ["Rom.5.5"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.1.22", "osis": ["2Cor.1.22"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.1-Rom.5.2", "osis": ["Rom.5.1-Rom.5.2"]}, {"raw": "Rom.14.17", "osis": ["Rom.14.17"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.4.13", "osis": ["Gen.4.13"]}, {"raw": "Matt.27.4", "osis": ["Matt.27.4"]}, {"raw": "Heb.10.27", "osis": ["Heb.10.27"]}, {"raw": "Rom.2.9", "osis": ["Rom.2.9"]}, {"raw": "Mark.9.44", "osis": ["Mark.9.44"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "84", "sort_key": 84, "question": "Shall all men die?", "answer": "Death being threatened as the wages of sin, it is appointed unto all men once to die; for that all have sinned.", "answer_with_proofs": "Death being threatened as the wages of sin,[1] it is appointed unto all men once to die;[2] for that all have sinned.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.23", "osis": ["Rom.6.23"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.9.27", "osis": ["Heb.9.27"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.5.12", "osis": ["Rom.5.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "85", "sort_key": 85, "question": "Death, being the wages of sin, why are not the righteous delivered from death, seeing all their sins are forgiven in Christ?", "answer": "The righteous shall be delivered from death itself at the last day, and even in death are delivered from the sting and curse of it; so that, although they die, yet it is out of God's love, to free them perfectly from sin and misery, and to make them capable of further communion with Christ in glory, which they then enter upon.", "answer_with_proofs": "The righteous shall be delivered from death itself at the last day, and even in death are delivered from the sting and curse of it;[1] so that, although they die, yet it is out of God's love,[2] to free them perfectly from sin and misery,[3] and to make them capable of further communion with Christ in glory, which they then enter upon.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.26,1Cor.15.55-1Cor.15.57", "osis": ["1Cor.15.26", "1Cor.15.55-1Cor.15.57"]}, {"raw": "Heb.2.15", "osis": ["Heb.2.15"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.57.1-Isa.57.2", "osis": ["Isa.57.1-Isa.57.2"]}, {"raw": "2Kgs.22.20", "osis": ["2Kgs.22.20"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rev.14.13", "osis": ["Rev.14.13"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.27", "osis": ["Eph.5.27"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.23.43", "osis": ["Luke.23.43"]}, {"raw": "Phil.1.23", "osis": ["Phil.1.23"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "86", "sort_key": 86, "question": "What is the communion in glory with Christ, which the members of the invisible church enjoy immediately after death ?", "answer": "The communion in glory with Christ, which the members of the invisible church enjoy immediately after death, is, in that their souls are then made perfect in holiness, and received into the highest heavens, where they behold the face of God in light and glory, waiting for the full redemption of their bodies, which even in death continue united to Christ, and rest in their graves as in their beds, till at the last day they be again united to their souls. Whereas the souls of the wicked are at their death cast into hell, where they remain in torments and utter darkness, and their bodies kept in their graves, as in their prisons, till the resurrection and judgment of the great day.", "answer_with_proofs": "The communion in glory with Christ, which the members of the invisible church enjoy immediately after death, is, in that their souls are then made perfect in holiness,[1] and received into the highest heavens,[2] where they behold the face of God in light and glory,[3] waiting for the full redemption of their bodies,[4] which even in death continue united to Christ,[5] and rest in their graves as in their beds,[6] till at the last day they be again united to their souls.[7] Whereas the souls of the wicked are at their death cast into hell, where they remain in torments and utter darkness, and their bodies kept in their graves, as in their prisons, till the resurrection and judgment of the great day.[8]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.12.23", "osis": ["Heb.12.23"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.5.1,2Cor.5.6,2Cor.5.8", "osis": ["2Cor.5.1", "2Cor.5.6", "2Cor.5.8"]}, {"raw": "Phil.1.23", "osis": ["Phil.1.23"]}, {"raw": "Acts.3.21", "osis": ["Acts.3.21"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.10", "osis": ["Eph.4.10"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1John.3.2", "osis": ["1John.3.2"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.13.12", "osis": ["1Cor.13.12"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.23", "osis": ["Rom.8.23"]}, {"raw": "Ps.16.9", "osis": ["Ps.16.9"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "1Thess.4.14", "osis": ["1Thess.4.14"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.57.2", "osis": ["Isa.57.2"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Job.19.26-Job.19.27", "osis": ["Job.19.26-Job.19.27"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.16.23-Luke.16.24", "osis": ["Luke.16.23-Luke.16.24"]}, {"raw": "Acts.1.25", "osis": ["Acts.1.25"]}, {"raw": "Jude.1.6-Jude.1.7", "osis": ["Jude.1.6-Jude.1.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "87", "sort_key": 87, "question": "What are we to believe concerning the resurrection?", "answer": "We are to believe, that at the last day there shall be a general resurrection of the dead, both of the just and unjust: when they that are then found alive shall in a moment be changed; and the selfsame bodies of the dead which were laid in the grave, being then again united to their souls forever, shall be raised up by the power of Christ. The bodies of the just, by the Spirit of Christ, and by virtue of his resurrection as their head, shall be raised in power, spiritual, incorruptible, and made like to his glorious body; and the bodies of the wicked shall be raised up in dishonor by him, as an offended judge.", "answer_with_proofs": "We are to believe, that at the last day there shall be a general resurrection of the dead, both of the just and unjust:[1] when they that are then found alive shall in a moment be changed; and the selfsame bodies of the dead which were laid in the grave, being then again united to their souls forever, shall be raised up by the power of Christ.[2] The bodies of the just, by the Spirit of Christ, and by virtue of his resurrection as their head, shall be raised in power, spiritual, incorruptible, and made like to his glorious body;[3] and the bodies of the wicked shall be raised up in dishonor by him, as an offended judge.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.24.15", "osis": ["Acts.24.15"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.51-1Cor.15.53", "osis": ["1Cor.15.51-1Cor.15.53"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.4.15-1Thess.4.17", "osis": ["1Thess.4.15-1Thess.4.17"]}, {"raw": "John.5.28-John.5.29", "osis": ["John.5.28-John.5.29"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.21-1Cor.15.23,1Cor.15.42-1Cor.15.44", "osis": ["1Cor.15.21-1Cor.15.23", "1Cor.15.42-1Cor.15.44"]}, {"raw": "Phil.3.21", "osis": ["Phil.3.21"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "John.5.27-John.5.29", "osis": ["John.5.27-John.5.29"]}, {"raw": "Matt.25.33", "osis": ["Matt.25.33"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "88", "sort_key": 88, "question": "What shall immediately follow after the resurrection?", "answer": "Immediately after the resurrection shall follow the general and final judgment of angels and men; the day and hour whereof no man knows, that all may watch and pray, and be ever ready for the coming of the Lord.", "answer_with_proofs": "Immediately after the resurrection shall follow the general and final judgment of angels and men;[1] the day and hour whereof no man knows, that all may watch and pray, and be ever ready for the coming of the Lord.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2Pet.2.4", "osis": ["2Pet.2.4"]}, {"raw": "Jude.1.6-Jude.1.7,Jude.1.14-Jude.1.15", "osis": ["Jude.1.6-Jude.1.7", "Jude.1.14-Jude.1.15"]}, {"raw": "Matt.25.46", "osis": ["Matt.25.46"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.24.36,Matt.24.42,Matt.24.44", "osis": ["Matt.24.36", "Matt.24.42", "Matt.24.44"]}, {"raw": "Luke.21.35-Luke.21.36", "osis": ["Luke.21.35-Luke.21.36"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "89", "sort_key": 89, "question": "What shall be done to the wicked at the day of judgment?", "answer": "At the day of judgment, the wicked shall be set on Christ's left hand, and, upon clear evidence, and full conviction of their own consciences, shall have the fearful but just sentence of condemnation pronounced against them; and thereupon shall be cast out from the favorable presence of God, and the glorious fellowship with Christ, his saints, and all his holy angels, into hell, to be punished with unspeakable torments, both of body and soul, with the devil and his angels forever.", "answer_with_proofs": "At the day of judgment, the wicked shall be set on Christ's left hand,[1] and, upon clear evidence, and full conviction of their own consciences,[2] shall have the fearful but just sentence of condemnation pronounced against them;[3] and thereupon shall be cast out from the favorable presence of God, and the glorious fellowship with Christ, his saints, and all his holy angels, into hell, to be punished with unspeakable torments, both of body and soul, with the devil and his angels forever.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.25.33", "osis": ["Matt.25.33"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.2.15-Rom.2.16", "osis": ["Rom.2.15-Rom.2.16"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.25.41-Matt.25.43", "osis": ["Matt.25.41-Matt.25.43"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.16.26", "osis": ["Luke.16.26"]}, {"raw": "2Thess.1.8-2Thess.1.9", "osis": ["2Thess.1.8-2Thess.1.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "90", "sort_key": 90, "question": "What shall be done to the righteous at the day of judgment?", "answer": "At the day of judgment, the righteous, being caught up to Christ in the clouds, shall be set on his right hand, and there openly acknowledged and acquitted, shall join with him in the judging of reprobate angels and men, and shall be received into heaven, where they shall be fully and forever freed from all sin and misery; filled with inconceivable joys, made perfectly holy and happy both in body and soul, in the company of innumerable saints and holy angels, but especially in the immediate vision and fruition of God the Father, of our Lord Jesus Christ, and of the Holy Spirit, to all eternity. And this is the perfect and full communion, which the members of the invisible church shall enjoy with Christ in glory, at the resurrection and day of judgment.", "answer_with_proofs": "At the day of judgment, the righteous, being caught up to Christ in the clouds,[1] shall be set on his right hand, and there openly acknowledged and acquitted,[2] shall join with him in the judging of reprobate angels and men,[3] and shall be received into heaven,[4] where they shall be fully and forever freed from all sin and misery;[5] filled with inconceivable joys,[6] made perfectly holy and happy both in body and soul, in the company of innumerable saints and holy angels,[7] but especially in the immediate vision and fruition of God the Father, of our Lord Jesus Christ, and of the Holy Spirit, to all eternity.[8] And this is the perfect and full communion, which the members of the invisible church shall enjoy with Christ in glory, at the resurrection and day of judgment.", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Thess.4.17", "osis": ["1Thess.4.17"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.10.32,Matt.25.33", "osis": ["Matt.10.32", "Matt.25.33"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.6.2-1Cor.6.3", "osis": ["1Cor.6.2-1Cor.6.3"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.25.34,Matt.25.46", "osis": ["Matt.25.34", "Matt.25.46"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.5.27", "osis": ["Eph.5.27"]}, {"raw": "Rev.14.13", "osis": ["Rev.14.13"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.16.11", "osis": ["Ps.16.11"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.12.22-Heb.12.23", "osis": ["Heb.12.22-Heb.12.23"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "1John.3.2", "osis": ["1John.3.2"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.13.12", "osis": ["1Cor.13.12"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.4.17-1Thess.4.18", "osis": ["1Thess.4.17-1Thess.4.18"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "91", "sort_key": 91, "question": "What is the duty which God requireth of man?", "answer": "The duty which God requireth of man, is obedience to his revealed will.", "answer_with_proofs": "The duty which God requireth of man, is obedience to his revealed will.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.12.1-Rom.12.2", "osis": ["Rom.12.1-Rom.12.2"]}, {"raw": "Mic.6.8", "osis": ["Mic.6.8"]}, {"raw": "1Sam.15.22", "osis": ["1Sam.15.22"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "92", "sort_key": 92, "question": "What did God at first reveal unto man as the rule of his obedience?", "answer": "The rule of obedience revealed to Adam in the estate of innocence, and to all mankind in him, besides a special command not to eat of the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, was the moral law.", "answer_with_proofs": "The rule of obedience revealed to Adam in the estate of innocence, and to all mankind in him, besides a special command not to eat of the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, was the moral law.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.1.26-Gen.1.27", "osis": ["Gen.1.26-Gen.1.27"]}, {"raw": "Gen.2.17", "osis": ["Gen.2.17"]}, {"raw": "Rom.2.14-Rom.2.15", "osis": ["Rom.2.14-Rom.2.15"]}, {"raw": "Rom.10.5", "osis": ["Rom.10.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "93", "sort_key": 93, "question": "What is the moral law?", "answer": "The moral law is the declaration of the will of God to mankind, directing and binding everyone to personal, perfect, and perpetual conformity and obedience thereunto, in the frame and disposition of the whole man, soul and body, and in performance of all those duties of holiness and righteousness which he oweth to God and man: promising life upon the fulfilling, and threatening death upon the breach of it.", "answer_with_proofs": "The moral law is the declaration of the will of God to mankind, directing and binding everyone to personal, perfect, and perpetual conformity and obedience thereunto, in the frame and disposition of the whole man, soul and body,[1] and in performance of all those duties of holiness and righteousness which he oweth to God and man:[2] promising life upon the fulfilling, and threatening death upon the breach of it.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.5.1-Deut.5.3,Deut.5.31,Deut.5.33", "osis": ["Deut.5.1-Deut.5.3", "Deut.5.31", "Deut.5.33"]}, {"raw": "Luke.10.26-Luke.10.27", "osis": ["Luke.10.26-Luke.10.27"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.10", "osis": ["Gal.3.10"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.5.23", "osis": ["1Thess.5.23"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.1.75", "osis": ["Luke.1.75"]}, {"raw": "Acts.14.16", "osis": ["Acts.14.16"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.10.5", "osis": ["Rom.10.5"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.10,Gal.3.12", "osis": ["Gal.3.10", "Gal.3.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "94", "sort_key": 94, "question": "Is there any use of the moral law to man since the fall?", "answer": "Although no man, since the fall, can attain to righteousness and life by the moral law; yet there is great use thereof, as well common to all men, as peculiar either to the unregenerate, or the regenerate.", "answer_with_proofs": "Although no man, since the fall, can attain to righteousness and life by the moral law;[1] yet there is great use thereof, as well common to all men, as peculiar either to the unregenerate, or the regenerate.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.3", "osis": ["Rom.8.3"]}, {"raw": "Gal.2.16", "osis": ["Gal.2.16"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.1.8", "osis": ["1Tim.1.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "95", "sort_key": 95, "question": "Of what use is the moral law to all men?", "answer": "The moral law is of use to all men, to inform them of the holy nature and will of God, and of their duty, binding them to walk accordingly; to convince them of their disability to keep it, and of the sinful pollution of their nature, hearts, and lives; to humble them in the sense of their sin and misery, and thereby help them to a clearer sight of the need they have of Christ, and of the perfection of his obedience.", "answer_with_proofs": "The moral law is of use to all men, to inform them of the holy nature and will of God,[1] and of their duty, binding them to walk accordingly;[2] to convince them of their disability to keep it, and of the sinful pollution of their nature, hearts, and lives;[3] to humble them in the sense of their sin and misery,[4] and thereby help them to a clearer sight of the need they have of Christ,[5] and of the perfection of his obedience.[6]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.11.44-Lev.11.45", "osis": ["Lev.11.44-Lev.11.45"]}, {"raw": "Lev.20.7-Lev.20.8", "osis": ["Lev.20.7-Lev.20.8"]}, {"raw": "Rom.7.12", "osis": ["Rom.7.12"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Mic.6.8", "osis": ["Mic.6.8"]}, {"raw": "Jas.2.10-Jas.2.11", "osis": ["Jas.2.10-Jas.2.11"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.19.11-Ps.19.12", "osis": ["Ps.19.11-Ps.19.12"]}, {"raw": "Rom.3.20", "osis": ["Rom.3.20"]}, {"raw": "Rom.7.7", "osis": ["Rom.7.7"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.9,Rom.3.23", "osis": ["Rom.3.9", "Rom.3.23"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.3.21-Gal.3.22", "osis": ["Gal.3.21-Gal.3.22"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.10.4", "osis": ["Rom.10.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "96", "sort_key": 96, "question": "What particular use is there of the moral law to unregenerate men?", "answer": "The moral law is of use to unregenerate men, to awaken their consciences to flee from wrath to come, and to drive them to Christ; or, upon their continuance in the estate and way of sin, to leave them inexcusable, and under the curse thereof.", "answer_with_proofs": "The moral law is of use to unregenerate men, to awaken their consciences to flee from wrath to come,[1] and to drive them to Christ;[2] or, upon their continuance in the estate and way of sin, to leave them inexcusable,[3] and under the curse thereof.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.1.9-1Tim.1.10", "osis": ["1Tim.1.9-1Tim.1.10"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.3.24", "osis": ["Gal.3.24"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.20", "osis": ["Rom.1.20"]}, {"raw": "Rom.2.15", "osis": ["Rom.2.15"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.3.10", "osis": ["Gal.3.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "97", "sort_key": 97, "question": "What special use is there of the moral law to the regenerate?", "answer": "Although they that are regenerate, and believe in Christ, be delivered from the moral law as a covenant of works, so as thereby they are neither justified  nor condemned; yet, besides the general uses thereof common to them with all men, it is of special use, to show them how much they are bound to Christ for his fulfilling it, and enduring the curse thereof in their stead, and for their good; and thereby to provoke them to more thankfulness, and to express the same in their greater care to conform themselves thereunto as the rule of their obedience.", "answer_with_proofs": "Although they that are regenerate, and believe in Christ, be delivered from the moral law as a covenant of works,[1] so as thereby they are neither justified [2] nor condemned;[3] yet, besides the general uses thereof common to them with all men, it is of special use, to show them how much they are bound to Christ for his fulfilling it, and enduring the curse thereof in their stead, and for their good;[4] and thereby to provoke them to more thankfulness,[5] and to express the same in their greater care to conform themselves thereunto as the rule of their obedience.[6]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.14", "osis": ["Rom.6.14"]}, {"raw": "Rom.7.4,Rom.7.6", "osis": ["Rom.7.4", "Rom.7.6"]}, {"raw": "Gal.4.4-Gal.4.5", "osis": ["Gal.4.4-Gal.4.5"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.20", "osis": ["Rom.3.20"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.5.23", "osis": ["Gal.5.23"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.1", "osis": ["Rom.8.1"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.7.24-Rom.7.25", "osis": ["Rom.7.24-Rom.7.25"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.3-Rom.8.4", "osis": ["Rom.8.3-Rom.8.4"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.13-Gal.3.14", "osis": ["Gal.3.13-Gal.3.14"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.1.68-Luke.1.69,Luke.1.74-Luke.1.75", "osis": ["Luke.1.68-Luke.1.69", "Luke.1.74-Luke.1.75"]}, {"raw": "Col.1.12-Col.1.14", "osis": ["Col.1.12-Col.1.14"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.7.22", "osis": ["Rom.7.22"]}, {"raw": "Rom.12.2", "osis": ["Rom.12.2"]}, {"raw": "Titus.2.11-Titus.2.14", "osis": ["Titus.2.11-Titus.2.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "98", "sort_key": 98, "question": "Where is the moral law summarily comprehended?", "answer": "The moral law is summarily comprehended in the ten commandments, which were delivered by the voice of God upon mount Sinai, and written by him in two tables of stone; and are recorded in the twentieth chapter of Exodus. The four first commandments containing our duty to God, and the other six our duty to man.", "answer_with_proofs": "The moral law is summarily comprehended in the ten commandments, which were delivered by the voice of God upon mount Sinai, and written by him in two tables of stone;[1] and are recorded in the twentieth chapter of Exodus. The four first commandments containing our duty to God, and the other six our duty to man.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.10.4", "osis": ["Deut.10.4"]}, {"raw": "Exod.34.1-Exod.34.4", "osis": ["Exod.34.1-Exod.34.4"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.22.37-Matt.22.38,Matt.22.40", "osis": ["Matt.22.37-Matt.22.38", "Matt.22.40"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "99", "sort_key": 99, "question": "What rules are to be observed for the right understanding of the ten commandments?", "answer": "For the right understanding of the ten commandments, these rules are to be observed:\n1. That the law is perfect, and bindeth everyone to full conformity in the whole man unto the righteousness thereof, and unto entire obedience forever; so as to require the utmost perfection of every duty, and to forbid the least degree of every sin.\n2. That it is spiritual, and so reaches the understanding, will, affections, and all other powers of the soul; as well as words, works, and gestures.\n3. That one and the same thing, in divers respects, is required or forbidden in several commandments.\n4. That as, where a duty is commanded, the contrary sin is forbidden; and, where a sin is forbidden, the contrary duty is commanded: so, where a promise is annexed, the contrary threatening is included; and, where a threatening is annexed, the contrary promise is included.\n5. That what God forbids, is at no time to be done; What he commands, is always our duty; and yet every particular duty is not to be done at all times.\n6. That under one sin or duty, all of the same kind are forbidden or commanded; together with all the causes, means, occasions, and appearances thereof, and provocations thereunto.\n7. That what is forbidden or commanded to ourselves, we are bound, according to our places, to endeavor that it may be avoided or performed by others, according to the duty of their places.\n8. That in what is commanded to others, we are bound, according to our places and callings, to be helpful to them; and to take heed of partaking with others in: What is forbidden them.", "answer_with_proofs": "For the right understanding of the ten commandments, these rules are to be observed:\n1. That the law is perfect, and bindeth everyone to full conformity in the whole man unto the righteousness thereof, and unto entire obedience forever; so as to require the utmost perfection of every duty, and to forbid the least degree of every sin.[1]\n2. That it is spiritual, and so reaches the understanding, will, affections, and all other powers of the soul; as well as words, works, and gestures.[2]\n3. That one and the same thing, in divers respects, is required or forbidden in several commandments.[3]\n4. That as, where a duty is commanded, the contrary sin is forbidden;[4] and, where a sin is forbidden, the contrary duty is commanded:[5] so, where a promise is annexed, the contrary threatening is included;[6] and, where a threatening is annexed, the contrary promise is included.[7]\n5. That what God forbids, is at no time to be done;[8] What he commands, is always our duty;[9] and yet every particular duty is not to be done at all times.[10]\n6. That under one sin or duty, all of the same kind are forbidden or commanded; together with all the causes, means, occasions, and appearances thereof, and provocations thereunto.[11]\n7. That what is forbidden or commanded to ourselves, we are bound, according to our places, to endeavor that it may be avoided or performed by others, according to the duty of their places.[12]\n8. That in what is commanded to others, we are bound, according to our places and callings, to be helpful to them;[13] and to take heed of partaking with others in: What is forbidden them.[14]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.19.7", "osis": ["Ps.19.7"]}, {"raw": "Jas.2.10", "osis": ["Jas.2.10"]}, {"raw": "Matt.5.21-Matt.5.22", "osis": ["Matt.5.21-Matt.5.22"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.7.14", "osis": ["Rom.7.14"]}, {"raw": "Deut.6.5", "osis": ["Deut.6.5"]}, {"raw": "Matt.5.21-Matt.5.22,Matt.5.27-Matt.5.28,Matt.5.33-Matt.5.34,Matt.5.37-Matt.5.39,Matt.5.43-Matt.5.44", "osis": ["Matt.5.21-Matt.5.22", "Matt.5.27-Matt.5.28", "Matt.5.33-Matt.5.34", "Matt.5.37-Matt.5.39", "Matt.5.43-Matt.5.44"]}, {"raw": "Matt.22.37-Matt.22.39", "osis": ["Matt.22.37-Matt.22.39"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Col.3.5", "osis": ["Col.3.5"]}, {"raw": "Amos.8.5", "osis": ["Amos.8.5"]}, {"raw": "Prov.1.19", "osis": ["Prov.1.19"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.6.1", "osis": ["1Tim.6.1"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.58.13", "osis": ["Isa.58.13"]}, {"raw": "Deut.6.13", "osis": ["Deut.6.13"]}, {"raw": "Matt.4.9-Matt.4.10", "osis": ["Matt.4.9-Matt.4.10"]}, {"raw": "Matt.15.4-Matt.15.6", "osis": ["Matt.15.4-Matt.15.6"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.21-Matt.5.25", "osis": ["Matt.5.21-Matt.5.25"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.28", "osis": ["Eph.4.28"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.12", "osis": ["Exod.20.12"]}, {"raw": "Prov.30.17", "osis": ["Prov.30.17"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.18.7-Jer.18.8", "osis": ["Jer.18.7-Jer.18.8"]}, {"raw": "Exod.20.7", "osis": ["Exod.20.7"]}, {"raw": "Ps.15.1,Ps.15.4-Ps.15.5", "osis": ["Ps.15.1", "Ps.15.4-Ps.15.5"]}, {"raw": "Ps.24.4-Ps.24.5", "osis": ["Ps.24.4-Ps.24.5"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Job.13.7", "osis": ["Job.13.7"]}, {"raw": "Job.36.21", "osis": ["Job.36.21"]}, {"raw": "Rom.3.8", "osis": ["Rom.3.8"]}, {"raw": "Heb.11.25", "osis": ["Heb.11.25"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.4.8-Deut.4.9", "osis": ["Deut.4.8-Deut.4.9"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.12.7", "osis": ["Matt.12.7"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.21-Matt.5.22,Matt.5.27-Matt.5.28", "osis": ["Matt.5.21-Matt.5.22", "Matt.5.27-Matt.5.28"]}, {"raw": "Matt.15.4-Matt.15.6", "osis": ["Matt.15.4-Matt.15.6"]}, {"raw": "Heb.10.24-Heb.10.25", "osis": ["Heb.10.24-Heb.10.25"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.5.22-1Thess.5.23", "osis": ["1Thess.5.22-1Thess.5.23"]}, {"raw": "Gal.5.26", "osis": ["Gal.5.26"]}, {"raw": "Col.3.21", "osis": ["Col.3.21"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.10", "osis": ["Exod.20.10"]}, {"raw": "Lev.19.17", "osis": ["Lev.19.17"]}, {"raw": "Gen.18.19", "osis": ["Gen.18.19"]}, {"raw": "Josh.24.15", "osis": ["Josh.24.15"]}, {"raw": "Deut.6.6-Deut.6.7", "osis": ["Deut.6.6-Deut.6.7"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.1.24", "osis": ["2Cor.1.24"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.5.22", "osis": ["1Tim.5.22"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "100", "sort_key": 100, "question": "What special things are we to consider in the ten commandments?", "answer": "We are to consider, in the ten commandments, the preface, the substance of the commandments themselves, and several reasons annexed to some of them, the more to enforce them.", "answer_with_proofs": "We are to consider, in the ten commandments, the preface, the substance of the commandments themselves, and several reasons annexed to some of them, the more to enforce them.", "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "101", "sort_key": 101, "question": "What is the preface to the ten commandments?", "answer": "The preface to the ten commandments is contained in these words, I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. Wherein God manifesteth his sovereignty, as being JEHOVAH, the eternal, immutable, and almighty God; having his being in and of himself, and giving being to all his words  and works: and that he is a God in covenant, as with Israel of old, so with all his people; who, as he brought them out of their bondage in Egypt, so he delivers us from our spiritual thraldom; and that therefore we are bound to take him for our God alone, and to keep all his commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": "The preface to the ten commandments is contained in these words, I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.[1] Wherein God manifesteth his sovereignty, as being JEHOVAH, the eternal, immutable, and almighty God;[2] having his being in and of himself,[3] and giving being to all his words [4] and works:[5] and that he is a God in covenant, as with Israel of old, so with all his people;[6] who, as he brought them out of their bondage in Egypt, so he delivers us from our spiritual thraldom;[7] and that therefore we are bound to take him for our God alone, and to keep all his commandments.[8]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.2", "osis": ["Exod.20.2"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.44.6", "osis": ["Isa.44.6"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.3.14", "osis": ["Exod.3.14"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.6.3", "osis": ["Exod.6.3"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.17.24,Acts.17.28", "osis": ["Acts.17.24", "Acts.17.28"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.17.7", "osis": ["Gen.17.7"]}, {"raw": "Rom.3.29", "osis": ["Rom.3.29"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.1.74-Luke.1.75", "osis": ["Luke.1.74-Luke.1.75"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.1.15-1Pet.1.18", "osis": ["1Pet.1.15-1Pet.1.18"]}, {"raw": "Lev.18.30,Lev.19.37", "osis": ["Lev.18.30", "Lev.19.37"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "102", "sort_key": 102, "question": "What is the sum of the four commandments which contain our duty to God?", "answer": "The sum of the four commandments containing our duty to God is, to love the Lord our God with all our heart, and with all our soul, and with all our strength, and with all our mind.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sum of the four commandments containing our duty to God is, to love the Lord our God with all our heart, and with all our soul, and with all our strength, and with all our mind.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.10.27", "osis": ["Luke.10.27"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "103", "sort_key": 103, "question": "Which is the first commandment?", "answer": "The first commandment is, Thou shall have no other gods before me.", "answer_with_proofs": "The first commandment is, Thou shall have no other gods before me.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.3", "osis": ["Exod.20.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "104", "sort_key": 104, "question": "What are the duties required in the first commandment?", "answer": "The duties required in the first commandment are, the knowing and acknowledging of God to be the only true God, and our God; and to worship and glorify him accordingly, by thinking, meditating, remembering, highly esteeming, honoring, adoring, choosing, loving, desiring, fearing of him; believing him; trusting, hoping, delighting, rejoicing in him; being zealous for him; calling upon him, giving all praise and thanks, and yielding all obedience and submission to him with the whole man; being careful in all things to please him, and sorrowful when in anything he is offended; and walking humbly with him.", "answer_with_proofs": "The duties required in the first commandment are, the knowing and acknowledging of God to be the only true God, and our God;[1] and to worship and glorify him accordingly,[2] by thinking,[3] meditating,[4] remembering,[5] highly esteeming,[6] honoring,[7] adoring,[8] choosing,[9] loving,[10] desiring,[11] fearing of him;[12] believing him;[13] trusting,[14] hoping,[15] delighting,[16] rejoicing in him;[17] being zealous for him;[18] calling upon him, giving all praise and thanks,[19] and yielding all obedience and submission to him with the whole man;[20] being careful in all things to please him,[21] and sorrowful when in anything he is offended;[22] and walking humbly with him.[23]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Chr.28.9", "osis": ["1Chr.28.9"]}, {"raw": "Deut.26.17", "osis": ["Deut.26.17"]}, {"raw": "Isa.43.10", "osis": ["Isa.43.10"]}, {"raw": "Jer.14.22", "osis": ["Jer.14.22"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.29.2", "osis": ["Ps.29.2"]}, {"raw": "Ps.95.6-Ps.95.7", "osis": ["Ps.95.6-Ps.95.7"]}, {"raw": "Matt.4.10", "osis": ["Matt.4.10"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Mal.3.16", "osis": ["Mal.3.16"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.63.6", "osis": ["Ps.63.6"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Eccl.12.1", "osis": ["Eccl.12.1"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.71.19", "osis": ["Ps.71.19"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Mal.1.6", "osis": ["Mal.1.6"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.45.23", "osis": ["Isa.45.23"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Josh.24.15,Josh.24.22", "osis": ["Josh.24.15", "Josh.24.22"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.6.5", "osis": ["Deut.6.5"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.73.25", "osis": ["Ps.73.25"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.8.13", "osis": ["Isa.8.13"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.14.31", "osis": ["Exod.14.31"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.26.4", "osis": ["Isa.26.4"]}]}, {"id": 15, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.130.7", "osis": ["Ps.130.7"]}]}, {"id": 16, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.37.4", "osis": ["Ps.37.4"]}]}, {"id": 17, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.32.11", "osis": ["Ps.32.11"]}]}, {"id": 18, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.12.11", "osis": ["Rom.12.11"]}, {"raw": "Num.25.11", "osis": ["Num.25.11"]}]}, {"id": 19, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.4.6", "osis": ["Phil.4.6"]}]}, {"id": 20, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.7.28", "osis": ["Jer.7.28"]}, {"raw": "Jas.4.7", "osis": ["Jas.4.7"]}]}, {"id": 21, "references": [{"raw": "1John.3.2", "osis": ["1John.3.2"]}]}, {"id": 22, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.31.18", "osis": ["Jer.31.18"]}, {"raw": "Ps.119.136", "osis": ["Ps.119.136"]}]}, {"id": 23, "references": [{"raw": "Mic.6.8", "osis": ["Mic.6.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "105", "sort_key": 105, "question": "What are the sins forbidden in the first commandment?", "answer": "The sins forbidden in the first commandment are, atheism, in denying or not having a God; Idolatry, in having or worshiping more gods than one, or any with or instead of the true God; the not having and avouching him for God, and our God; the omission or neglect of anything due to him, required in this commandment; ignorance, forgetfulness, misapprehensions, false opinions, unworthy and wicked thoughts of him; bold and curious searching into his secrets; all profaneness, hatred of God; self-love, self-seeking, and all other inordinate and immoderate setting of our mind, will, or affections upon other things, and taking them off from him in whole or in part; vain credulity, unbelief, heresy, misbelief, distrust, despair, incorrigibleness, and insensibleness under judgments, hardness of heart, pride, presumption, carnal security, tempting of God; using unlawful means, and trusting in lawful means; carnal delights and joys; corrupt, blind, and indiscreet zeal; lukewarmness, and deadness in the things of God; estranging ourselves, and apostatizing from God; praying, or giving any religious worship, to saints, angels, or any other creatures; all compacts and consulting with the devil, and hearkening to his suggestions; making men the lords of our faith and conscience; slighting and despising God and his commands; resisting and grieving of his Spirit, discontent and impatience at his dispensations, charging him foolishly for the evils he inflicts on us; and ascribing the praise of any good we either are, have, or can do, to fortune, idols, ourselves, or any other creature.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sins forbidden in the first commandment are, atheism, in denying or not having a God;[1] Idolatry, in having or worshiping more gods than one, or any with or instead of the true God;[2] the not having and avouching him for God, and our God;[3] the omission or neglect of anything due to him, required in this commandment;[4] ignorance,[5] forgetfulness,[6] misapprehensions,[7] false opinions,[8] unworthy and wicked thoughts of him;[9] bold and curious searching into his secrets;[10] all profaneness,[11] hatred of God;[12] self-love,[13] self-seeking,[14] and all other inordinate and immoderate setting of our mind, will, or affections upon other things, and taking them off from him in whole or in part;[15] vain credulity,[16] unbelief,[17] heresy,[18] misbelief,[19] distrust,[20] despair,[21] incorrigibleness,[22] and insensibleness under judgments,[23] hardness of heart,[24] pride,[25] presumption,[26] carnal security,[27] tempting of God;[28] using unlawful means,[29] and trusting in lawful means;[30] carnal delights and joys;[31] corrupt, blind, and indiscreet zeal;[32] lukewarmness,[33] and deadness in the things of God;[34] estranging ourselves, and apostatizing from God;[35] praying, or giving any religious worship, to saints, angels, or any other creatures;[36] all compacts and consulting with the devil,[37] and hearkening to his suggestions;[38] making men the lords of our faith and conscience;[39] slighting and despising God and his commands;[40] resisting and grieving of his Spirit,[41] discontent and impatience at his dispensations, charging him foolishly for the evils he inflicts on us;[42] and ascribing the praise of any good we either are, have, or can do, to fortune,[43] idols,[44] ourselves,[45] or any other creature.[46]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.14.1", "osis": ["Ps.14.1"]}, {"raw": "Eph.2.12", "osis": ["Eph.2.12"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.2.27-Jer.2.28", "osis": ["Jer.2.27-Jer.2.28"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.1.9", "osis": ["1Thess.1.9"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.81.11", "osis": ["Ps.81.11"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.43.22-Isa.43.24", "osis": ["Isa.43.22-Isa.43.24"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.4.22", "osis": ["Jer.4.22"]}, {"raw": "Hos.4.1,Hos.4.6", "osis": ["Hos.4.1", "Hos.4.6"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.2.32", "osis": ["Jer.2.32"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.17.23,Acts.17.29", "osis": ["Acts.17.23", "Acts.17.29"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.40.18", "osis": ["Isa.40.18"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.50.21", "osis": ["Ps.50.21"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.29.29", "osis": ["Deut.29.29"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Titus.1.16", "osis": ["Titus.1.16"]}, {"raw": "Heb.12.16", "osis": ["Heb.12.16"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.30", "osis": ["Rom.1.30"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.3.2", "osis": ["2Tim.3.2"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.2.21", "osis": ["Phil.2.21"]}]}, {"id": 15, "references": [{"raw": "1John.2.15-1John.2.16", "osis": ["1John.2.15-1John.2.16"]}, {"raw": "1Sam.2.29", "osis": ["1Sam.2.29"]}, {"raw": "Col.3.2,Col.3.5", "osis": ["Col.3.2", "Col.3.5"]}]}, {"id": 16, "references": [{"raw": "1John.4.1", "osis": ["1John.4.1"]}]}, {"id": 17, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.3.12", "osis": ["Heb.3.12"]}]}, {"id": 18, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.5.20", "osis": ["Gal.5.20"]}, {"raw": "Titus.3.10", "osis": ["Titus.3.10"]}]}, {"id": 19, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.26.9", "osis": ["Acts.26.9"]}]}, {"id": 20, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.78.22", "osis": ["Ps.78.22"]}]}, {"id": 21, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.4.13", "osis": ["Gen.4.13"]}]}, {"id": 22, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.5.3", "osis": ["Jer.5.3"]}]}, {"id": 23, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.42.25", "osis": ["Isa.42.25"]}]}, {"id": 24, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.2.5", "osis": ["Rom.2.5"]}]}, {"id": 25, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.13.15", "osis": ["Jer.13.15"]}]}, {"id": 26, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.19.13", "osis": ["Ps.19.13"]}]}, {"id": 27, "references": [{"raw": "Zeph.1.12", "osis": ["Zeph.1.12"]}]}, {"id": 28, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.4.7", "osis": ["Matt.4.7"]}]}, {"id": 29, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.8", "osis": ["Rom.3.8"]}]}, {"id": 30, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.17.5", "osis": ["Jer.17.5"]}]}, {"id": 31, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.3.4", "osis": ["2Tim.3.4"]}]}, {"id": 32, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.4.17", "osis": ["Gal.4.17"]}, {"raw": "John.16.2", "osis": ["John.16.2"]}, {"raw": "Rom.10.2", "osis": ["Rom.10.2"]}, {"raw": "Luke.9.54-Luke.9.55", "osis": ["Luke.9.54-Luke.9.55"]}]}, {"id": 33, "references": [{"raw": "Rev.3.16", "osis": ["Rev.3.16"]}]}, {"id": 34, "references": [{"raw": "Rev.3.1", "osis": ["Rev.3.1"]}]}, {"id": 35, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.14.5", "osis": ["Ezek.14.5"]}, {"raw": "Isa.1.4-Isa.1.5", "osis": ["Isa.1.4-Isa.1.5"]}]}, {"id": 36, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.25,Rom.10.13-Rom.10.14", "osis": ["Rom.1.25", "Rom.10.13-Rom.10.14"]}, {"raw": "Hos.4.12", "osis": ["Hos.4.12"]}, {"raw": "Acts.10.25-Acts.10.26", "osis": ["Acts.10.25-Acts.10.26"]}, {"raw": "Rev.19.10", "osis": ["Rev.19.10"]}, {"raw": "Matt.4.10", "osis": ["Matt.4.10"]}, {"raw": "Col.2.18", "osis": ["Col.2.18"]}]}, {"id": 37, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.20.6", "osis": ["Lev.20.6"]}, {"raw": "1Sam.28.7,1Sam.28.11", "osis": ["1Sam.28.7", "1Sam.28.11"]}, {"raw": "1Chr.10.13-1Chr.10.14", "osis": ["1Chr.10.13-1Chr.10.14"]}]}, {"id": 38, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.5.3", "osis": ["Acts.5.3"]}]}, {"id": 39, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.1.24", "osis": ["2Cor.1.24"]}, {"raw": "Matt.23.9", "osis": ["Matt.23.9"]}]}, {"id": 40, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.32.15", "osis": ["Deut.32.15"]}, {"raw": "2Sam.12.9", "osis": ["2Sam.12.9"]}, {"raw": "Prov.13.13", "osis": ["Prov.13.13"]}]}, {"id": 41, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.7.51", "osis": ["Acts.7.51"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.30", "osis": ["Eph.4.30"]}]}, {"id": 42, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.73.2-Ps.73.3,Ps.73.13-Ps.73.15,Ps.73.22", "osis": ["Ps.73.2-Ps.73.3", "Ps.73.13-Ps.73.15", "Ps.73.22"]}, {"raw": "Job.1.22", "osis": ["Job.1.22"]}]}, {"id": 43, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.6.7-1Sam.6.9", "osis": ["1Sam.6.7-1Sam.6.9"]}]}, {"id": 44, "references": [{"raw": "Dan.5.23", "osis": ["Dan.5.23"]}]}, {"id": 45, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.8.17", "osis": ["Deut.8.17"]}, {"raw": "Dan.4.30", "osis": ["Dan.4.30"]}]}, {"id": 46, "references": [{"raw": "Hab.1.16", "osis": ["Hab.1.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "106", "sort_key": 106, "question": "What are we specially taught by these words before me in the first commandment?", "answer": "These words before me, or before my face, in the first commandment, teach us, that God, who seeth all things, taketh special notice of, and is much displeased with, the sin of having any other God: that so it may be an argument to dissuade from it, and to aggravate it as a most impudent provocation: as also to persuade us to do as in his sight,: Whatever we do in his service.", "answer_with_proofs": "These words before me, or before my face, in the first commandment, teach us, that God, who seeth all things, taketh special notice of, and is much displeased with, the sin of having any other God: that so it may be an argument to dissuade from it, and to aggravate it as a most impudent provocation:[1] as also to persuade us to do as in his sight,: Whatever we do in his service.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.8.5-Ezek.8.18", "osis": ["Ezek.8.5-Ezek.8.18"]}, {"raw": "Ps.44.20-Ps.44.21", "osis": ["Ps.44.20-Ps.44.21"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Chr.28.9", "osis": ["1Chr.28.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "107", "sort_key": 107, "question": "Which is the second commandment?", "answer": "The second commandment is, Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": "The second commandment is, Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.4-Exod.20.6", "osis": ["Exod.20.4-Exod.20.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "108", "sort_key": 108, "question": "What are the duties required in the second commandment?", "answer": "The duties required in the second commandment are, the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire, all such religious worship and ordinances as God hath instituted in his word; particularly prayer and thanksgiving in the name of Christ; the reading, preaching, and hearing of the word; the administration and receiving of the sacraments; church government and discipline; the ministry and maintenance thereof; religious fasting; swearing by the name of God, and vowing unto him: as also the disapproving, detesting, opposing, all false worship; and, according to each one's place and calling, removing it, and all monuments of idolatry.", "answer_with_proofs": "The duties required in the second commandment are, the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire, all such religious worship and ordinances as God hath instituted in his word;[1] particularly prayer and thanksgiving in the name of Christ;[2] the reading, preaching, and hearing of the word;[3] the administration and receiving of the sacraments;[4] church government and discipline;[5] the ministry and maintenance thereof;[6] religious fasting;[7] swearing by the name of God,[8] and vowing unto him:[9] as also the disapproving, detesting, opposing, all false worship;[10] and, according to each one's place and calling, removing it, and all monuments of idolatry.[11]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.32.46-Deut.32.47", "osis": ["Deut.32.46-Deut.32.47"]}, {"raw": "Matt.28.20", "osis": ["Matt.28.20"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.42", "osis": ["Acts.2.42"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.6.13-1Tim.6.14", "osis": ["1Tim.6.13-1Tim.6.14"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.4.6", "osis": ["Phil.4.6"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.20", "osis": ["Eph.5.20"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.17.18-Deut.17.19", "osis": ["Deut.17.18-Deut.17.19"]}, {"raw": "Acts.15.21", "osis": ["Acts.15.21"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.4.2", "osis": ["2Tim.4.2"]}, {"raw": "Jas.1.21-Jas.1.22", "osis": ["Jas.1.21-Jas.1.22"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.30", "osis": ["1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.30"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.16.19", "osis": ["Matt.16.19"]}, {"raw": "Matt.18.15-Matt.18.17", "osis": ["Matt.18.15-Matt.18.17"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.5", "osis": ["1Cor.5"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.12.28", "osis": ["1Cor.12.28"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.4.11-Eph.4.12", "osis": ["Eph.4.11-Eph.4.12"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.5.17-1Tim.5.18", "osis": ["1Tim.5.17-1Tim.5.18"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.9.1-1Cor.9.15", "osis": ["1Cor.9.1-1Cor.9.15"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Joel.2.12-Joel.2.13", "osis": ["Joel.2.12-Joel.2.13"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.7.5", "osis": ["1Cor.7.5"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.6.13", "osis": ["Deut.6.13"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.19.21", "osis": ["Isa.19.21"]}, {"raw": "Ps.76.11", "osis": ["Ps.76.11"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.17.16-Acts.17.17", "osis": ["Acts.17.16-Acts.17.17"]}, {"raw": "Ps.16.4", "osis": ["Ps.16.4"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.7.5", "osis": ["Deut.7.5"]}, {"raw": "Isa.30.22", "osis": ["Isa.30.22"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "109", "sort_key": 109, "question": "What are the sins forbidden in the second commandment?", "answer": "The sins forbidden in the second commandment are, all devising, counseling, commanding, using, and anywise approving, any religious worship not instituted by God himself; tolerating a false religion; the making any representation of God, of all or of any of the three persons, either inwardly in our mind, or outwardly in any kind of image or likeness of any creature whatsoever; all worshiping of it, or God in it or by it; the making of any representation of feigned deities, and all worship of them, or service belonging to them; all superstitious devices, corrupting the worship of God, adding to it, or taking from it, whether invented and taken up of ourselves, or received by tradition from others, though under the title of antiquity, custom, devotion, good intent, or any other pretense whatsoever; simony; sacrilege; all neglect, contempt, hindering, and opposing the worship and ordinances which God hath appointed.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sins forbidden in the second commandment are, all devising,[1] counseling,[2] commanding,[3] using,[4] and anywise approving, any religious worship not instituted by God himself;[5] tolerating a false religion;[6] the making any representation of God, of all or of any of the three persons, either inwardly in our mind, or outwardly in any kind of image or likeness of any creature whatsoever;[7] all worshiping of it,[8] or God in it or by it;[9] the making of any representation of feigned deities,[10] and all worship of them, or service belonging to them;[11] all superstitious devices,[12] corrupting the worship of God,[13] adding to it, or taking from it,[14] whether invented and taken up of ourselves,[15] or received by tradition from others,[16] though under the title of antiquity,[17] custom,[18] devotion,[19] good intent, or any other pretense whatsoever;[20] simony;[21] sacrilege;[22] all neglect,[23] contempt,[24] hindering,[25] and opposing the worship and ordinances which God hath appointed.[26]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Num.15.39", "osis": ["Num.15.39"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.13.6-Deut.13.8", "osis": ["Deut.13.6-Deut.13.8"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Hos.5.11", "osis": ["Hos.5.11"]}, {"raw": "Mic.6.16", "osis": ["Mic.6.16"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Kgs.11.33", "osis": ["1Kgs.11.33"]}, {"raw": "1Kgs.12.33", "osis": ["1Kgs.12.33"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.12.30-Deut.12.32", "osis": ["Deut.12.30-Deut.12.32"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.13.6-Deut.13.12", "osis": ["Deut.13.6-Deut.13.12"]}, {"raw": "Zech.13.2-Zech.13.3", "osis": ["Zech.13.2-Zech.13.3"]}, {"raw": "Rev.2.2,Rev.2.14-Rev.2.15,Rev.2.20,Rev.17.12,Rev.17.16-Rev.17.17", "osis": ["Rev.2.2", "Rev.2.14-Rev.2.15", "Rev.2.20", "Rev.17.12", "Rev.17.16-Rev.17.17"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.4.15-Deut.4.19", "osis": ["Deut.4.15-Deut.4.19"]}, {"raw": "Acts.17.29", "osis": ["Acts.17.29"]}, {"raw": "Rom.1.21-Rom.1.23,Rom.1.25", "osis": ["Rom.1.21-Rom.1.23", "Rom.1.25"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Dan.3.18", "osis": ["Dan.3.18"]}, {"raw": "Gal.4.8", "osis": ["Gal.4.8"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.32.5", "osis": ["Exod.32.5"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.32.8", "osis": ["Exod.32.8"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "1Kgs.18.26,1Kgs.18.28", "osis": ["1Kgs.18.26", "1Kgs.18.28"]}, {"raw": "Isa.65.11", "osis": ["Isa.65.11"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.17.22", "osis": ["Acts.17.22"]}, {"raw": "Col.2.21-Col.2.23", "osis": ["Col.2.21-Col.2.23"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "Mal.1.7-Mal.1.8,Mal.1.14", "osis": ["Mal.1.7-Mal.1.8", "Mal.1.14"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.4.2", "osis": ["Deut.4.2"]}]}, {"id": 15, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.106.39", "osis": ["Ps.106.39"]}]}, {"id": 16, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.15.9", "osis": ["Matt.15.9"]}]}, {"id": 17, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.1.18", "osis": ["1Pet.1.18"]}]}, {"id": 18, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.44.17", "osis": ["Jer.44.17"]}]}, {"id": 19, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.65.3-Isa.65.5", "osis": ["Isa.65.3-Isa.65.5"]}, {"raw": "Gal.1.13-Gal.1.14", "osis": ["Gal.1.13-Gal.1.14"]}]}, {"id": 20, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.13.11-1Sam.13.12", "osis": ["1Sam.13.11-1Sam.13.12"]}, {"raw": "1Sam.15.21", "osis": ["1Sam.15.21"]}]}, {"id": 21, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.8.18", "osis": ["Acts.8.18"]}]}, {"id": 22, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.2.22", "osis": ["Rom.2.22"]}, {"raw": "Mal.3.8", "osis": ["Mal.3.8"]}]}, {"id": 23, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.4.24-Exod.4.26", "osis": ["Exod.4.24-Exod.4.26"]}]}, {"id": 24, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.22.5", "osis": ["Matt.22.5"]}, {"raw": "Mal.1.7,Mal.1.13", "osis": ["Mal.1.7", "Mal.1.13"]}]}, {"id": 25, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.23.13", "osis": ["Matt.23.13"]}]}, {"id": 26, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.13.44-Acts.13.45", "osis": ["Acts.13.44-Acts.13.45"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.2.15-1Thess.2.16", "osis": ["1Thess.2.15-1Thess.2.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "110", "sort_key": 110, "question": "What are the reasons annexed to the second commandment, the more to enforce it?", "answer": "The reasons annexed to the second commandment, the more to enforce it, contained in these words, For I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments; are, besides God's sovereignty over us, and propriety in us, his fervent zeal for his own worship, and his revengeful indignation against all false worship, as being a spiritual whoredom; accounting the breakers of this commandment such as hate him, and threatening to punish them unto divers generations; and esteeming the observers of it such as love him and keep his commandments, and promising mercy to them unto many generations.", "answer_with_proofs": "The reasons annexed to the second commandment, the more to enforce it, contained in these words, For I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments;[1] are, besides God's sovereignty over us, and propriety in us,[2] his fervent zeal for his own worship,[3] and his revengeful indignation against all false worship, as being a spiritual whoredom;[4] accounting the breakers of this commandment such as hate him, and threatening to punish them unto divers generations;[5] and esteeming the observers of it such as love him and keep his commandments, and promising mercy to them unto many generations.[6]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.5-Exod.20.6", "osis": ["Exod.20.5-Exod.20.6"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.45.11", "osis": ["Ps.45.11"]}, {"raw": "Rev.20.3-Rev.20.4", "osis": ["Rev.20.3-Rev.20.4"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.34.13-Exod.34.14", "osis": ["Exod.34.13-Exod.34.14"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.20-1Cor.10.22", "osis": ["1Cor.10.20-1Cor.10.22"]}, {"raw": "Jer.7.18-Jer.7.20", "osis": ["Jer.7.18-Jer.7.20"]}, {"raw": "Ezek.16.26-Ezek.16.27", "osis": ["Ezek.16.26-Ezek.16.27"]}, {"raw": "Deut.32.16-Deut.32.20", "osis": ["Deut.32.16-Deut.32.20"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Hos.2.2-Hos.2.4", "osis": ["Hos.2.2-Hos.2.4"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.5.29", "osis": ["Deut.5.29"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "111", "sort_key": 111, "question": "Which is the third commandment?", "answer": "The third commandment is, Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain: for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.", "answer_with_proofs": "The third commandment is, Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain: for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.7", "osis": ["Exod.20.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "112", "sort_key": 112, "question": "What is required in the third commandment?", "answer": "The third commandment requires, That the name of God, his titles, attributes, ordinances, the word, sacraments, prayer, oaths, vows, lots, his works, and whatsoever else there is whereby he makes himself known, be holily and reverently used in thought, meditation, word, and writing; by an holy profession, and Answerable conversation, to the glory of God, and the good of ourselves, and others.", "answer_with_proofs": "The third commandment requires, That the name of God, his titles, attributes,[1] ordinances,[2] the word,[3] sacraments,[4] prayer,[5] oaths,[6] vows,[7] lots,[8] his works,[9] and whatsoever else there is whereby he makes himself known, be holily and reverently used in thought,[10] meditation,[11] word,[12] and writing;[13] by an holy profession,[14] and Answerable conversation,[15] to the glory of God,[16] and the good of ourselves,[17] and others.[18]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.9", "osis": ["Matt.6.9"]}, {"raw": "Deut.28.58", "osis": ["Deut.28.58"]}, {"raw": "Ps.29.2", "osis": ["Ps.29.2"]}, {"raw": "Ps.68.4", "osis": ["Ps.68.4"]}, {"raw": "Rev.15.3-Rev.15.4", "osis": ["Rev.15.3-Rev.15.4"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Mal.1.14", "osis": ["Mal.1.14"]}, {"raw": "Eccl.5.1", "osis": ["Eccl.5.1"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.138.2", "osis": ["Ps.138.2"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.24-1Cor.11.25,1Cor.11.28-1Cor.11.29", "osis": ["1Cor.11.24-1Cor.11.25", "1Cor.11.28-1Cor.11.29"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.2.8", "osis": ["1Tim.2.8"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.4.2", "osis": ["Jer.4.2"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Eccl.5.2,Eccl.5.4-Eccl.5.6", "osis": ["Eccl.5.2", "Eccl.5.4-Eccl.5.6"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.1.24,Acts.1.26", "osis": ["Acts.1.24", "Acts.1.26"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Job.36.24", "osis": ["Job.36.24"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Mal.3.16", "osis": ["Mal.3.16"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.8.1,Ps.8.3-Ps.8.4,Ps.8.9", "osis": ["Ps.8.1", "Ps.8.3-Ps.8.4", "Ps.8.9"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Col.3.17", "osis": ["Col.3.17"]}, {"raw": "Ps.105.2,Ps.105.5", "osis": ["Ps.105.2", "Ps.105.5"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.102.18", "osis": ["Ps.102.18"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.3.15", "osis": ["1Pet.3.15"]}, {"raw": "Mic.4.5", "osis": ["Mic.4.5"]}]}, {"id": 15, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.1.27", "osis": ["Phil.1.27"]}]}, {"id": 16, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.31", "osis": ["1Cor.10.31"]}]}, {"id": 17, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.32.39", "osis": ["Jer.32.39"]}]}, {"id": 18, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.2.12", "osis": ["1Pet.2.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "113", "sort_key": 113, "question": "What are the sins forbidden in the third commandment?", "answer": "The sins forbidden in the third commandment are, the not using of God's name as is required; and the abuse of it in an ignorant, vain, irreverent, profane, superstitious, or wicked mentioning, or otherwise using his titles, attributes, ordinances, or works, by blasphemy, perjury; all sinful cursings, oaths, vows, and lots; violating of our oaths and vows, if lawful; and fulfilling them, if of things unlawful; murmuring and quarreling at, curious prying into, and misapplying of God's decrees  and providences; misinterpreting, misapplying, or any way perverting the word, or any part of it, to profane jests, curious or unprofitable Questions, vain janglings, or the maintaining of false doctrines; abusing it, the creatures, or anything contained under the name of God, to charms, or sinful lusts and practices; the maligning, scorning, reviling, or any wise opposing of God's truth, grace, and ways; making profession of religion in hypocrisy, or for sinister ends; being ashamed of it, or a shame to it, by unconformable, unwise, unfruitful, and offensive walking, or backsliding from it.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sins forbidden in the third commandment are, the not using of God's name as is required;[1] and the abuse of it in an ignorant,[2] vain,[3] irreverent, profane,[4] superstitious,[5] or wicked mentioning, or otherwise using his titles, attributes,[6] ordinances,[7] or works,[8] by blasphemy,[9] perjury;[10] all sinful cursings,[11] oaths,[12] vows,[13] and lots;[14] violating of our oaths and vows, if lawful;[15] and fulfilling them, if of things unlawful;[16] murmuring and quarreling at,[17] curious prying into,[18] and misapplying of God's decrees [19] and providences;[20] misinterpreting,[21] misapplying,[22] or any way perverting the word, or any part of it,[23] to profane jests,[24] curious or unprofitable Questions,[25] vain janglings, or the maintaining of false doctrines;[26] abusing it, the creatures, or anything contained under the name of God, to charms,[27] or sinful lusts and practices;[28] the maligning,[29] scorning,[30] reviling,[31] or any wise opposing of God's truth, grace, and ways;[32] making profession of religion in hypocrisy, or for sinister ends;[33] being ashamed of it,[34] or a shame to it, by unconformable,[35] unwise,[36] unfruitful,[37] and offensive walking,[38] or backsliding from it.[39]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Mal.2.2", "osis": ["Mal.2.2"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.17.23", "osis": ["Acts.17.23"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.30.9", "osis": ["Prov.30.9"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Mal.1.6-Mal.1.7,Mal.1.12", "osis": ["Mal.1.6-Mal.1.7", "Mal.1.12"]}, {"raw": "Mal.3.14", "osis": ["Mal.3.14"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.4.3-1Sam.4.5", "osis": ["1Sam.4.3-1Sam.4.5"]}, {"raw": "Jer.7.4,Jer.7.9-Jer.7.10,Jer.7.14,Jer.7.31", "osis": ["Jer.7.4", "Jer.7.9-Jer.7.10", "Jer.7.14", "Jer.7.31"]}, {"raw": "Col.2.20-Col.2.22", "osis": ["Col.2.20-Col.2.22"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "2Kgs.18.30,2Kgs.18.35", "osis": ["2Kgs.18.30", "2Kgs.18.35"]}, {"raw": "Exod.5.2", "osis": ["Exod.5.2"]}, {"raw": "Ps.139.20", "osis": ["Ps.139.20"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.50.16-Ps.50.17", "osis": ["Ps.50.16-Ps.50.17"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.50.16-Ps.50.17", "osis": ["Ps.50.16-Ps.50.17"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.5.12", "osis": ["Isa.5.12"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "2Kgs.19.22", "osis": ["2Kgs.19.22"]}, {"raw": "Lev.24.11", "osis": ["Lev.24.11"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Zech.5.4", "osis": ["Zech.5.4"]}, {"raw": "Zech.8.17", "osis": ["Zech.8.17"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.17.43", "osis": ["1Sam.17.43"]}, {"raw": "2Sam.16.5", "osis": ["2Sam.16.5"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.5.7", "osis": ["Jer.5.7"]}, {"raw": "Jer.23.10", "osis": ["Jer.23.10"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.23.18", "osis": ["Deut.23.18"]}, {"raw": "Acts.23.12,Acts.23.14", "osis": ["Acts.23.12", "Acts.23.14"]}]}, {"id": 15, "references": [{"raw": "Esth.3.7", "osis": ["Esth.3.7"]}, {"raw": "Esth.9.24", "osis": ["Esth.9.24"]}, {"raw": "Ps.22.18", "osis": ["Ps.22.18"]}]}, {"id": 16, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.24.4,Ezek.17.16,Ezek.17.18-Ezek.17.19", "osis": ["Ps.24.4", "Ezek.17.16", "Ezek.17.18-Ezek.17.19"]}]}, {"id": 17, "references": [{"raw": "Mark.6.26", "osis": ["Mark.6.26"]}, {"raw": "1Sam.25.22,1Sam.25.32-1Sam.25.34", "osis": ["1Sam.25.22", "1Sam.25.32-1Sam.25.34"]}]}, {"id": 18, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.9.14,Rom.9.19-Rom.9.20", "osis": ["Rom.9.14", "Rom.9.19-Rom.9.20"]}]}, {"id": 19, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.29.29", "osis": ["Deut.29.29"]}]}, {"id": 20, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.5,Rom.3.7", "osis": ["Rom.3.5", "Rom.3.7"]}, {"raw": "Rom.6.1-Rom.6.2", "osis": ["Rom.6.1-Rom.6.2"]}]}, {"id": 21, "references": [{"raw": "Eccl.8.11", "osis": ["Eccl.8.11"]}, {"raw": "Eccl.9.3", "osis": ["Eccl.9.3"]}, {"raw": "Ps.39", "osis": ["Ps.39"]}]}, {"id": 22, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.21-Matt.5.48", "osis": ["Matt.5.21-Matt.5.48"]}]}, {"id": 23, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.13.22", "osis": ["Ezek.13.22"]}]}, {"id": 24, "references": [{"raw": "2Pet.3.16", "osis": ["2Pet.3.16"]}, {"raw": "Matt.22.24-Matt.22.31", "osis": ["Matt.22.24-Matt.22.31"]}]}, {"id": 25, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.22.18", "osis": ["Isa.22.18"]}, {"raw": "Jer.23.34,Jer.23.36,Jer.23.38", "osis": ["Jer.23.34", "Jer.23.36", "Jer.23.38"]}]}, {"id": 26, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.1.4,1Tim.1.6-1Tim.1.7", "osis": ["1Tim.1.4", "1Tim.1.6-1Tim.1.7"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.6.4-1Tim.6.5,1Tim.6.20", "osis": ["1Tim.6.4-1Tim.6.5", "1Tim.6.20"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.2.14", "osis": ["2Tim.2.14"]}, {"raw": "Titus.3.9", "osis": ["Titus.3.9"]}]}, {"id": 27, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.18.10-Deut.18.14", "osis": ["Deut.18.10-Deut.18.14"]}, {"raw": "Acts.19.13", "osis": ["Acts.19.13"]}]}, {"id": 28, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.4.3-2Tim.4.4", "osis": ["2Tim.4.3-2Tim.4.4"]}, {"raw": "Rom.13.13-Rom.13.14", "osis": ["Rom.13.13-Rom.13.14"]}, {"raw": "1Kgs.21.9-1Kgs.21.10", "osis": ["1Kgs.21.9-1Kgs.21.10"]}, {"raw": "Jude.1.4", "osis": ["Jude.1.4"]}]}, {"id": 29, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.13.45", "osis": ["Acts.13.45"]}, {"raw": "1John.3.12", "osis": ["1John.3.12"]}]}, {"id": 30, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.1.1", "osis": ["Ps.1.1"]}, {"raw": "2Pet.3.3", "osis": ["2Pet.3.3"]}]}, {"id": 31, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.4.4", "osis": ["1Pet.4.4"]}]}, {"id": 32, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.4.18", "osis": ["Acts.4.18"]}, {"raw": "Acts.13.45-Acts.13.46,Acts.13.50", "osis": ["Acts.13.45-Acts.13.46", "Acts.13.50"]}, {"raw": "Acts.19.9", "osis": ["Acts.19.9"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.2.16", "osis": ["1Thess.2.16"]}, {"raw": "Heb.10.29", "osis": ["Heb.10.29"]}]}, {"id": 33, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.3.5", "osis": ["2Tim.3.5"]}, {"raw": "Matt.6.1-Matt.6.2,Matt.6.5,Matt.6.16", "osis": ["Matt.6.1-Matt.6.2", "Matt.6.5", "Matt.6.16"]}, {"raw": "Matt.23.14", "osis": ["Matt.23.14"]}]}, {"id": 34, "references": [{"raw": "Mark.8.38", "osis": ["Mark.8.38"]}]}, {"id": 35, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.73.14-Ps.73.15", "osis": ["Ps.73.14-Ps.73.15"]}]}, {"id": 36, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.6.5-1Cor.6.6", "osis": ["1Cor.6.5-1Cor.6.6"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.15-Eph.5.17", "osis": ["Eph.5.15-Eph.5.17"]}]}, {"id": 37, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.5.4", "osis": ["Isa.5.4"]}, {"raw": "2Pet.1.8-2Pet.1.9", "osis": ["2Pet.1.8-2Pet.1.9"]}]}, {"id": 38, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.2.23-Rom.2.24", "osis": ["Rom.2.23-Rom.2.24"]}]}, {"id": 39, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.3.1,Gal.3.3", "osis": ["Gal.3.1", "Gal.3.3"]}, {"raw": "Heb.6.6", "osis": ["Heb.6.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "114", "sort_key": 114, "question": "What reasons are annexed to the third commandment?", "answer": "The reasons annexed to the third commandment, in these words, The Lord thy God, and, For the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain, are, because he is the Lord and our God, therefore his name is not to be profaned, or any way abused by us; especially because he will be so far from acquitting and sparing the transgressors of this commandment, as that he will not suffer them to escape his righteous judgment, albeit many such escape the censures and punishments of men.", "answer_with_proofs": "The reasons annexed to the third commandment, in these words, The Lord thy God, and, For the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain,[1] are, because he is the Lord and our God, therefore his name is not to be profaned, or any way abused by us;[2] especially because he will be so far from acquitting and sparing the transgressors of this commandment, as that he will not suffer them to escape his righteous judgment,[3] albeit many such escape the censures and punishments of men.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.7", "osis": ["Exod.20.7"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.19.12", "osis": ["Lev.19.12"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.36.21-Ezek.36.23", "osis": ["Ezek.36.21-Ezek.36.23"]}, {"raw": "Deut.28.58-Deut.28.59", "osis": ["Deut.28.58-Deut.28.59"]}, {"raw": "Zech.5.2-Zech.5.4", "osis": ["Zech.5.2-Zech.5.4"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.2.12,1Sam.2.17,1Sam.2.22,1Sam.2.24", "osis": ["1Sam.2.12", "1Sam.2.17", "1Sam.2.22", "1Sam.2.24"]}, {"raw": "1Sam.3.18", "osis": ["1Sam.3.18"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "115", "sort_key": 115, "question": "Which is the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The fourth commandment is, Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy work: but the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.", "answer_with_proofs": "The fourth commandment is, Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy work: but the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.8-Exod.20.11", "osis": ["Exod.20.8-Exod.20.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "116", "sort_key": 116, "question": "What is required in the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The fourth commandment requires of all men the sanctifying or keeping holy to God such set times as he hath appointed in his word, expressly one whole day in seven; which was the seventh from the beginning of the world to the resurrection of Christ, and the first day of the week ever since, and so to continue to the end of the world; which is the Christian sabbath, and in the New Testament called The Lord's day.", "answer_with_proofs": "The fourth commandment requires of all men the sanctifying or keeping holy to God such set times as he hath appointed in his word, expressly one whole day in seven; which was the seventh from the beginning of the world to the resurrection of Christ, and the first day of the week ever since, and so to continue to the end of the world; which is the Christian sabbath,[1] and in the New Testament called The Lord's day.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.5.12,Deut.5.14,Deut.5.18", "osis": ["Deut.5.12", "Deut.5.14", "Deut.5.18"]}, {"raw": "Gen.2.2-Gen.2.3", "osis": ["Gen.2.2-Gen.2.3"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.16.1-1Cor.16.2", "osis": ["1Cor.16.1-1Cor.16.2"]}, {"raw": "Acts.20.7", "osis": ["Acts.20.7"]}, {"raw": "Matt.5.17-Matt.5.18", "osis": ["Matt.5.17-Matt.5.18"]}, {"raw": "Isa.56.2,Isa.56.4,Isa.56.6-Isa.56.7", "osis": ["Isa.56.2", "Isa.56.4", "Isa.56.6-Isa.56.7"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rev.1.10", "osis": ["Rev.1.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "117", "sort_key": 117, "question": "How is the sabbath or the Lord's day to be sanctified?", "answer": "The sabbath or Lord's day is to be sanctified by an holy resting all the day, not only from such works as are at all times sinful, but even from such worldly employments and recreations as are on other days lawful; and making it our delight to spend the whole time (except so much of it as is to betaken up in works of necessity and mercy) in the public and private exercises of God's worship: and, to that end, we are to prepare our hearts, and with such foresight, diligence, and moderation, to dispose and seasonably dispatch our worldly business, that we may be the more free and fit for the duties of that day.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sabbath or Lord's day is to be sanctified by an holy resting all the day,[1] not only from such works as are at all times sinful, but even from such worldly employments and recreations as are on other days lawful;[2] and making it our delight to spend the whole time (except so much of it as is to betaken up in works of necessity and mercy)[3] in the public and private exercises of God's worship:[4] and, to that end, we are to prepare our hearts, and with such foresight, diligence, and moderation, to dispose and seasonably dispatch our worldly business, that we may be the more free and fit for the duties of that day.[5]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.8,Exod.20.10", "osis": ["Exod.20.8", "Exod.20.10"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.16.25-Exod.16.28", "osis": ["Exod.16.25-Exod.16.28"]}, {"raw": "Neh.13.15-Neh.13.22", "osis": ["Neh.13.15-Neh.13.22"]}, {"raw": "Jer.17.21-Jer.17.22", "osis": ["Jer.17.21-Jer.17.22"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.12.1-Matt.12.13", "osis": ["Matt.12.1-Matt.12.13"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.58.13-Isa.58.14", "osis": ["Isa.58.13-Isa.58.14"]}, {"raw": "Isa.66.23", "osis": ["Isa.66.23"]}, {"raw": "Luke.4.16", "osis": ["Luke.4.16"]}, {"raw": "Acts.20.7", "osis": ["Acts.20.7"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.16.1-1Cor.16.2", "osis": ["1Cor.16.1-1Cor.16.2"]}, {"raw": "Ps.92", "osis": ["Ps.92"]}, {"raw": "Lev.23.3", "osis": ["Lev.23.3"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.16.22,Exod.16.25-Exod.16.26,Exod.16.29", "osis": ["Exod.16.22", "Exod.16.25-Exod.16.26", "Exod.16.29"]}, {"raw": "Exod.20.8", "osis": ["Exod.20.8"]}, {"raw": "Luke.23.54,Luke.23.56", "osis": ["Luke.23.54", "Luke.23.56"]}, {"raw": "Neh.13.19", "osis": ["Neh.13.19"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "118", "sort_key": 118, "question": "Why is the charge of keeping the sabbath more specially directed to governors of families, and other superiors?", "answer": "The charge of keeping the sabbath is more specially directed to governors of families, and other superiors, because they are bound not only to keep it themselves, but to see that it be observed by all those that are under their charge; and because they are prone ofttimes to hinder them by employments of their own.", "answer_with_proofs": "The charge of keeping the sabbath is more specially directed to governors of families, and other superiors, because they are bound not only to keep it themselves, but to see that it be observed by all those that are under their charge; and because they are prone ofttimes to hinder them by employments of their own.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.10", "osis": ["Exod.20.10"]}, {"raw": "Exod.23.12", "osis": ["Exod.23.12"]}, {"raw": "Josh.24.15", "osis": ["Josh.24.15"]}, {"raw": "Neh.13.15,Neh.13.17", "osis": ["Neh.13.15", "Neh.13.17"]}, {"raw": "Jer.17.20-Jer.17.22", "osis": ["Jer.17.20-Jer.17.22"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "119", "sort_key": 119, "question": "What are the sins forbidden in the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The sins forbidden in the fourth commandment are, all omissions of the duties required, all careless, negligent, and unprofitable performing of them, and being weary of them; all profaning the day by idleness, and doing that which is in itself sinful; and by all needless works, words, and thoughts, about our worldly employments and recreations.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sins forbidden in the fourth commandment are, all omissions of the duties required,[1] all careless, negligent, and unprofitable performing of them, and being weary of them;[2] all profaning the day by idleness, and doing that which is in itself sinful;[3] and by all needless works, words, and thoughts, about our worldly employments and recreations.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.22.26", "osis": ["Ezek.22.26"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.15.7,Acts.15.9", "osis": ["Acts.15.7", "Acts.15.9"]}, {"raw": "Ezek.33.30-Ezek.33.32", "osis": ["Ezek.33.30-Ezek.33.32"]}, {"raw": "Amos.8.5", "osis": ["Amos.8.5"]}, {"raw": "Mal.1.13", "osis": ["Mal.1.13"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.23.38", "osis": ["Ezek.23.38"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.17.24,Jer.17.27", "osis": ["Jer.17.24", "Jer.17.27"]}, {"raw": "Isa.58.13", "osis": ["Isa.58.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "120", "sort_key": 120, "question": "What are the reasons annexed to the fourth commandment, the more to enforce it?", "answer": "The reasons annexed to the fourth commandment, the more to enforce it, are taken from the equity of it, God allowing us six days of seven for our own affairs, and reserving but one for himself, in these words, Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy work: from God's challenging a special propriety in that day, The seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: from the example of God, who in six days made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: and from that blessing which God put upon that day, not only in sanctifying it to be a day for his service, but in ordaining it to be a means of blessing to us in our sanctifying it; Wherefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.", "answer_with_proofs": "The reasons annexed to the fourth commandment, the more to enforce it, are taken from the equity of it, God allowing us six days of seven for our own affairs, and reserving but one for himself, in these words, Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy work:[1] from God's challenging a special propriety in that day, The seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God:[2] from the example of God, who in six days made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: and from that blessing which God put upon that day, not only in sanctifying it to be a day for his service, but in ordaining it to be a means of blessing to us in our sanctifying it; Wherefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.9", "osis": ["Exod.20.9"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.10", "osis": ["Exod.20.10"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.11", "osis": ["Exod.20.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "121", "sort_key": 121, "question": "Why is the word Remember set in the beginning of the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The word Remember is set in the beginning of the fourth commandment, partly, because of the great benefit of remembering it, we being thereby helped in our preparation to keep it, and, in keeping it, better to keep all the rest of the commandments, and to continue a thankful remembrance of the two great benefits of creation and redemption, which contain a short abridgment of religion; and partly, because we are very ready to forget it, for that there is less light of nature for it, and yet it restraineth our natural liberty in things at other times lawful; that it comesthbut once in seven days, and many worldly businesses come between, and too often take off our minds from thinking of it, either to prepare for it, or to sanctify it; and that Satan with his instruments much labor to blot out the glory, and even the memory of it, to bring in all irreligion and impiety.", "answer_with_proofs": "The word Remember is set in the beginning of the fourth commandment,[1] partly, because of the great benefit of remembering it, we being thereby helped in our preparation to keep it,[2] and, in keeping it, better to keep all the rest of the commandments,[3] and to continue a thankful remembrance of the two great benefits of creation and redemption, which contain a short abridgment of religion;[4] and partly, because we are very ready to forget it,[5] for that there is less light of nature for it,[6] and yet it restraineth our natural liberty in things at other times lawful;[7] that it comesthbut once in seven days, and many worldly businesses come between, and too often take off our minds from thinking of it, either to prepare for it, or to sanctify it;[8] and that Satan with his instruments much labor to blot out the glory, and even the memory of it, to bring in all irreligion and impiety.[9]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.8", "osis": ["Exod.20.8"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.16.23", "osis": ["Exod.16.23"]}, {"raw": "Luke.23.54,Luke.23.56", "osis": ["Luke.23.54", "Luke.23.56"]}, {"raw": "Mark.15.42", "osis": ["Mark.15.42"]}, {"raw": "Neh.13.19", "osis": ["Neh.13.19"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.92.13-Ps.92.14", "osis": ["Ps.92.13-Ps.92.14"]}, {"raw": "Ezek.20.12,Ezek.20.19-Ezek.20.20", "osis": ["Ezek.20.12", "Ezek.20.19-Ezek.20.20"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.2.2-Gen.2.3", "osis": ["Gen.2.2-Gen.2.3"]}, {"raw": "Ps.118.22,Ps.118.24", "osis": ["Ps.118.22", "Ps.118.24"]}, {"raw": "Acts.4.10-Acts.4.11", "osis": ["Acts.4.10-Acts.4.11"]}, {"raw": "Rev.1.10", "osis": ["Rev.1.10"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.22.26", "osis": ["Ezek.22.26"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Neh.9.14", "osis": ["Neh.9.14"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.34.21", "osis": ["Exod.34.21"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.5.14-Deut.5.15", "osis": ["Deut.5.14-Deut.5.15"]}, {"raw": "Amos.8.5", "osis": ["Amos.8.5"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Lam.1.7", "osis": ["Lam.1.7"]}, {"raw": "Jer.17.21-Jer.17.23", "osis": ["Jer.17.21-Jer.17.23"]}, {"raw": "Neh.13.15-Neh.13.23", "osis": ["Neh.13.15-Neh.13.23"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "122", "sort_key": 122, "question": "What is the sum of the six commandments which contain our duty to man?", "answer": "The sum of the six commandments which contain our duty to man is, to love our neighbor as ourselves, and to do to others what we would have them to do to us.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sum of the six commandments which contain our duty to man is, to love our neighbor as ourselves,[1] and to do to others what we would have them to do to us.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.22.39", "osis": ["Matt.22.39"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.7.12", "osis": ["Matt.7.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "123", "sort_key": 123, "question": "Which is the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The fifth commandment is, Honor thy father and thy mother; that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.", "answer_with_proofs": "The fifth commandment is, Honor thy father and thy mother; that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.12", "osis": ["Exod.20.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "124", "sort_key": 124, "question": "Who are meant by father and mother in the fifth commandment?", "answer": "By father and mother, in the fifth commandment, are meant, not only natural parents, but all superiors in age  and gifts; and especially such as, by God's ordinance, are over us in place of authority, whether in family, church, or commonwealth.", "answer_with_proofs": "By father and mother, in the fifth commandment, are meant, not only natural parents,[1] but all superiors in age [2] and gifts;[3] and especially such as, by God's ordinance, are over us in place of authority, whether in family,[4] church,[5] or commonwealth.[6]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.23.22-Prov.23.25", "osis": ["Prov.23.22-Prov.23.25"]}, {"raw": "Eph.6.1-Eph.6.2", "osis": ["Eph.6.1-Eph.6.2"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.5.1-1Tim.5.2", "osis": ["1Tim.5.1-1Tim.5.2"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.4.20-Gen.4.22", "osis": ["Gen.4.20-Gen.4.22"]}, {"raw": "Gen.45.8", "osis": ["Gen.45.8"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "2Kgs.5.13", "osis": ["2Kgs.5.13"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "2Kgs.2.12", "osis": ["2Kgs.2.12"]}, {"raw": "2Kgs.13.14", "osis": ["2Kgs.13.14"]}, {"raw": "Gal.4.19", "osis": ["Gal.4.19"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.49.23", "osis": ["Isa.49.23"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "125", "sort_key": 125, "question": "Why are superiors styled Father and Mother?", "answer": "Superiors are styled Father and Mother, both to teach them in all duties toward their inferiors, like natural parents, to express love and tenderness to them, according to their several relations; and to work inferiors to a greater willingness and cheerfulness in performing their duties to their superiors, as to their parents.", "answer_with_proofs": "Superiors are styled Father and Mother, both to teach them in all duties toward their inferiors, like natural parents, to express love and tenderness to them, according to their several relations;[1] and to work inferiors to a greater willingness and cheerfulness in performing their duties to their superiors, as to their parents.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.6.4", "osis": ["Eph.6.4"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.12.14", "osis": ["2Cor.12.14"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.2.7-1Thess.2.8,1Thess.2.11", "osis": ["1Thess.2.7-1Thess.2.8", "1Thess.2.11"]}, {"raw": "Num.11.11-Num.11.12", "osis": ["Num.11.11-Num.11.12"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.4.14-1Cor.4.16", "osis": ["1Cor.4.14-1Cor.4.16"]}, {"raw": "2Kgs.5.13", "osis": ["2Kgs.5.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "126", "sort_key": 126, "question": "What is the general scope of the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The general scope of the fifth commandment is, the performance of those duties which we mutually owe in our several relations, as inferiors, superiors, or equals.", "answer_with_proofs": "The general scope of the fifth commandment is, the performance of those duties which we mutually owe in our several relations, as inferiors, superiors, or equals.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.5.21", "osis": ["Eph.5.21"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.2.17", "osis": ["1Pet.2.17"]}, {"raw": "Rom.12.10", "osis": ["Rom.12.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "127", "sort_key": 127, "question": "What is the honor that inferiors owe to their superiors?", "answer": "The honor which inferiors owe to their superiors is, all due reverence in heart, word, and behavior; prayer and thanksgiving for them; imitation of their virtues and graces; willing obedience to their lawful commands and counsels; due submission to their corrections; fidelity to, defense  and maintenance of their persons and authority, according to their several ranks, and the nature of their places; bearing with their infirmities, and covering them in love, that so they may be an honor to them and to their government.", "answer_with_proofs": "The honor which inferiors owe to their superiors is, all due reverence in heart,[1] word,[2] and behavior;[3] prayer and thanksgiving for them;[4] imitation of their virtues and graces;[5] willing obedience to their lawful commands and counsels;[6] due submission to their corrections;[7] fidelity to,[8] defense [9] and maintenance of their persons and authority, according to their several ranks, and the nature of their places;[10] bearing with their infirmities, and covering them in love, that so they may be an honor to them and to their government.[11]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Mal.1.6", "osis": ["Mal.1.6"]}, {"raw": "Lev.19.3", "osis": ["Lev.19.3"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.31.28", "osis": ["Prov.31.28"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.3.6", "osis": ["1Pet.3.6"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.19.32", "osis": ["Lev.19.32"]}, {"raw": "1Kgs.2.19", "osis": ["1Kgs.2.19"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.2.1-1Tim.2.2", "osis": ["1Tim.2.1-1Tim.2.2"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.13.7", "osis": ["Heb.13.7"]}, {"raw": "Phil.3.17", "osis": ["Phil.3.17"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.6.1-Eph.6.2,Eph.6.5-Eph.6.7", "osis": ["Eph.6.1-Eph.6.2", "Eph.6.5-Eph.6.7"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.2.13-1Pet.2.14", "osis": ["1Pet.2.13-1Pet.2.14"]}, {"raw": "Rom.13.1-Rom.13.5", "osis": ["Rom.13.1-Rom.13.5"]}, {"raw": "Heb.13.17", "osis": ["Heb.13.17"]}, {"raw": "Prov.4.3-Prov.4.4", "osis": ["Prov.4.3-Prov.4.4"]}, {"raw": "Prov.23.22", "osis": ["Prov.23.22"]}, {"raw": "Exod.18.19,Exod.18.24", "osis": ["Exod.18.19", "Exod.18.24"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.12.9", "osis": ["Heb.12.9"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.2.18-1Pet.2.20", "osis": ["1Pet.2.18-1Pet.2.20"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Titus.2.9-Titus.2.10", "osis": ["Titus.2.9-Titus.2.10"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.26.15-1Sam.26.16", "osis": ["1Sam.26.15-1Sam.26.16"]}, {"raw": "2Sam.18.3", "osis": ["2Sam.18.3"]}, {"raw": "Esth.6.2", "osis": ["Esth.6.2"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.22.21", "osis": ["Matt.22.21"]}, {"raw": "Rom.13.6-Rom.13.7", "osis": ["Rom.13.6-Rom.13.7"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.5.17-1Tim.5.18", "osis": ["1Tim.5.17-1Tim.5.18"]}, {"raw": "Gal.6.6", "osis": ["Gal.6.6"]}, {"raw": "Gen.45.11", "osis": ["Gen.45.11"]}, {"raw": "Gen.47.12", "osis": ["Gen.47.12"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.127.3-Ps.127.5", "osis": ["Ps.127.3-Ps.127.5"]}, {"raw": "Prov.31.23", "osis": ["Prov.31.23"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "128", "sort_key": 128, "question": "What are the sins of inferiors against their superiors?", "answer": "The sins of inferiors against their superiors are, all neglect of the duties required toward them; envying at, contempt of, and rebellion  against, their persons  and places, in their lawful counsels, commands, and corrections; cursing, mocking, and all such refractory and scandalous carriage, as proves a shame and dishonor to them and their government.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sins of inferiors against their superiors are, all neglect of the duties required toward them;[1] envying at,[2] contempt of,[3] and rebellion [4] against, their persons [5] and places,[6] in their lawful counsels,[7] commands, and corrections;[8] cursing, mocking,[9] and all such refractory and scandalous carriage, as proves a shame and dishonor to them and their government.[10]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.15.4-Matt.15.6", "osis": ["Matt.15.4-Matt.15.6"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Num.11.28-Num.11.29", "osis": ["Num.11.28-Num.11.29"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.8.7", "osis": ["1Sam.8.7"]}, {"raw": "Isa.3.5", "osis": ["Isa.3.5"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "2Sam.15.1-2Sam.15.12", "osis": ["2Sam.15.1-2Sam.15.12"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.21.15", "osis": ["Exod.21.15"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.10.27", "osis": ["1Sam.10.27"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.2.25", "osis": ["1Sam.2.25"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.21.18-Deut.21.21", "osis": ["Deut.21.18-Deut.21.21"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.30.11,Prov.30.17", "osis": ["Prov.30.11", "Prov.30.17"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.19.26", "osis": ["Prov.19.26"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "129", "sort_key": 129, "question": "What is required of superiors towards their inferiors?", "answer": "It is required of superiors, according to that power they receive from God, and that relation wherein they stand, to love, pray for, and bless their inferiors; to instruct, counsel, and admonish them; countenancing, commending, and rewarding such as do well; and discountenancing, reproving, and chastising such as do ill; protecting, and providing for them all things necessary for soul  and body: and by grave, wise, holy, and exemplary carriage, to procure glory to God, honor to themselves, and so to preserve that authority which God hath put upon them.", "answer_with_proofs": "It is required of superiors, according to that power they receive from God, and that relation wherein they stand, to love,[1] pray for,[2] and bless their inferiors;[3] to instruct,[4] counsel, and admonish them;[5] countenancing,[6] commending,[7] and rewarding such as do well;[8] and discountenancing,[9] reproving, and chastising such as do ill;[10] protecting,[11] and providing for them all things necessary for soul [12] and body:[13] and by grave, wise, holy, and exemplary carriage, to procure glory to God,[14] honor to themselves,[15] and so to preserve that authority which God hath put upon them.[16]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Col.3.19", "osis": ["Col.3.19"]}, {"raw": "Titus.2.4", "osis": ["Titus.2.4"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.12.23", "osis": ["1Sam.12.23"]}, {"raw": "Job.1.5", "osis": ["Job.1.5"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Kgs.8.55-1Kgs.8.56", "osis": ["1Kgs.8.55-1Kgs.8.56"]}, {"raw": "Heb.7.7", "osis": ["Heb.7.7"]}, {"raw": "Gen.49.28", "osis": ["Gen.49.28"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.6.6-Deut.6.7", "osis": ["Deut.6.6-Deut.6.7"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.6.4", "osis": ["Eph.6.4"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.3.7", "osis": ["1Pet.3.7"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.2.14", "osis": ["1Pet.2.14"]}, {"raw": "Rom.13.3", "osis": ["Rom.13.3"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Esth.6.3", "osis": ["Esth.6.3"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.13.3-Rom.13.4", "osis": ["Rom.13.3-Rom.13.4"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.29.15", "osis": ["Prov.29.15"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.2.14", "osis": ["1Pet.2.14"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Job.29.12-Job.29.17", "osis": ["Job.29.12-Job.29.17"]}, {"raw": "Isa.1.10,Isa.1.17", "osis": ["Isa.1.10", "Isa.1.17"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.6.4", "osis": ["Eph.6.4"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.5.8", "osis": ["1Tim.5.8"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.4.12", "osis": ["1Tim.4.12"]}, {"raw": "Titus.2.3-Titus.2.5", "osis": ["Titus.2.3-Titus.2.5"]}]}, {"id": 15, "references": [{"raw": "1Kgs.3.28", "osis": ["1Kgs.3.28"]}]}, {"id": 16, "references": [{"raw": "Titus.2.15", "osis": ["Titus.2.15"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "130", "sort_key": 130, "question": "What are the sins of superiors?", "answer": "The sins of superiors are, besides the neglect of the duties required of them, an inordinate seeking of themselves, their own glory, ease, profit, or pleasure; commanding things unlawful, or not in the power of inferiors to perform; counseling, encouraging, or favoring them in that which is evil; dissuading, discouraging, or discountenancing them in that which is good; correcting them unduly; careless exposing, or leaving them to wrong, temptation, and danger; provoking them to wrath; or any way dishonoring themselves, or lessening their authority, by an unjust, indiscreet, rigorous, or remiss behavior.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sins of superiors are, besides the neglect of the duties required of them,[1] an inordinate seeking of themselves,[2] their own glory,[3] ease, profit, or pleasure;[4] commanding things unlawful,[5] or not in the power of inferiors to perform;[6] counseling,[7] encouraging,[8] or favoring them in that which is evil;[9] dissuading, discouraging, or discountenancing them in that which is good;[10] correcting them unduly;[11] careless exposing, or leaving them to wrong, temptation, and danger;[12] provoking them to wrath;[13] or any way dishonoring themselves, or lessening their authority, by an unjust, indiscreet, rigorous, or remiss behavior.[14]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.34.2-Ezek.34.4", "osis": ["Ezek.34.2-Ezek.34.4"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.2.21", "osis": ["Phil.2.21"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "John.5.44", "osis": ["John.5.44"]}, {"raw": "John.7.18", "osis": ["John.7.18"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.56.10-Isa.56.11", "osis": ["Isa.56.10-Isa.56.11"]}, {"raw": "Deut.17.17", "osis": ["Deut.17.17"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Dan.3.4-Dan.3.6", "osis": ["Dan.3.4-Dan.3.6"]}, {"raw": "Acts.4.17-Acts.4.18", "osis": ["Acts.4.17-Acts.4.18"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.5.10-Exod.5.18", "osis": ["Exod.5.10-Exod.5.18"]}, {"raw": "Matt.23.2,Matt.23.4", "osis": ["Matt.23.2", "Matt.23.4"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.14.8", "osis": ["Matt.14.8"]}, {"raw": "Mark.6.24", "osis": ["Mark.6.24"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "2Sam.13.28", "osis": ["2Sam.13.28"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.3.13", "osis": ["1Sam.3.13"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "John.7.46-John.7.49", "osis": ["John.7.46-John.7.49"]}, {"raw": "Col.3.21", "osis": ["Col.3.21"]}, {"raw": "Exod.5.17", "osis": ["Exod.5.17"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.2.18-1Pet.2.20", "osis": ["1Pet.2.18-1Pet.2.20"]}, {"raw": "Heb.12.10", "osis": ["Heb.12.10"]}, {"raw": "Deut.25.3", "osis": ["Deut.25.3"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.38.11,Gen.38.26", "osis": ["Gen.38.11", "Gen.38.26"]}, {"raw": "Acts.18.17", "osis": ["Acts.18.17"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.6.4", "osis": ["Eph.6.4"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.9.21", "osis": ["Gen.9.21"]}, {"raw": "1Kgs.1.6", "osis": ["1Kgs.1.6"]}, {"raw": "1Kgs.12.13-1Kgs.12.16", "osis": ["1Kgs.12.13-1Kgs.12.16"]}, {"raw": "1Sam.2.29-1Sam.2.31", "osis": ["1Sam.2.29-1Sam.2.31"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "131", "sort_key": 131, "question": "What are the duties of equals?", "answer": "The duties of equals are, to regard the dignity and worth of each other, in giving honor to go one before another; and to rejoice in each other's gifts and advancement, as their own.", "answer_with_proofs": "The duties of equals are, to regard the dignity and worth of each other,[1] in giving honor to go one before another;[2] and to rejoice in each other's gifts and advancement, as their own.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.2.17", "osis": ["1Pet.2.17"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.12.10", "osis": ["Rom.12.10"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.12.15-Rom.12.16", "osis": ["Rom.12.15-Rom.12.16"]}, {"raw": "Phil.2.3-Phil.2.4", "osis": ["Phil.2.3-Phil.2.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "132", "sort_key": 132, "question": "What are the sins of equals?", "answer": "The sins of equals are, besides the neglect of the duties required, the undervaluing of the worth, envying the gifts, grieving at the advancement of prosperity one of another; and usurping preeminence one over another.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sins of equals are, besides the neglect of the duties required,[1] the undervaluing of the worth,[2] envying the gifts,[3] grieving at the advancement of prosperity one of another;[4] and usurping preeminence one over another.[5]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.13.8", "osis": ["Rom.13.8"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.3.3", "osis": ["2Tim.3.3"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.7.9", "osis": ["Acts.7.9"]}, {"raw": "Gal.5.26", "osis": ["Gal.5.26"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Num.12.2", "osis": ["Num.12.2"]}, {"raw": "Esth.6.12-Esth.6.13", "osis": ["Esth.6.12-Esth.6.13"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "3John.1.9", "osis": ["3John.1.9"]}, {"raw": "Luke.22.24", "osis": ["Luke.22.24"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "133", "sort_key": 133, "question": "What is the reason annexed to the fifth commandment, the more to enforce it?", "answer": "The reason annexed to the fifth commandment, in these words, That thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee, is an express promise of long life and prosperity, as far as it shall serve for God's glory and their own good, to all such as keep this commandment.", "answer_with_proofs": "The reason annexed to the fifth commandment, in these words, That thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee,[1] is an express promise of long life and prosperity, as far as it shall serve for God's glory and their own good, to all such as keep this commandment.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.12", "osis": ["Exod.20.12"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.5.16", "osis": ["Deut.5.16"]}, {"raw": "1Kgs.8.25", "osis": ["1Kgs.8.25"]}, {"raw": "Eph.6.2-Eph.6.3", "osis": ["Eph.6.2-Eph.6.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "134", "sort_key": 134, "question": "Which is the sixth commandment?", "answer": "The sixth commandment is, Thou shalt not kill.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sixth commandment is, Thou shalt not kill.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.13", "osis": ["Exod.20.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "135", "sort_key": 135, "question": "What are the duties required in the sixth commandment?", "answer": "The duties required in the sixth commandment are, all careful studies, and lawful endeavors, to preserve the life of ourselves  and others  by resisting all thoughts and purposes, subduing all passions, and avoiding all occasions, temptations, and practices, which tend to the unjust taking away the life of any; by just defense thereof against violence, patient bearing of the hand of God, quietness of mind, cheerfulness of spirit; a sober use of meat, drink, physic, sleep, labor, and recreations; by charitable thoughts, love, compassion, meekness, gentleness, kindness; peaceable, mild and courteous speeches and behavior; forbearance, readiness to be reconciled, patient bearing and forgiving of injuries, and requiting good for evil; comforting and succoring the distressed, and protecting and defending the innocent.", "answer_with_proofs": "The duties required in the sixth commandment are, all careful studies, and lawful endeavors, to preserve the life of ourselves [1] and others [2] by resisting all thoughts and purposes,[3] subduing all passions,[4] and avoiding all occasions,[5] temptations,[6] and practices, which tend to the unjust taking away the life of any;[7] by just defense thereof against violence,[8] patient bearing of the hand of God,[9] quietness of mind,[10] cheerfulness of spirit;[11] a sober use of meat,[12] drink,[13] physic,[14] sleep,[15] labor,[16] and recreations;[17] by charitable thoughts,[18] love,[19] compassion,[20] meekness, gentleness, kindness;[21] peaceable,[22] mild and courteous speeches and behavior;[23] forbearance, readiness to be reconciled, patient bearing and forgiving of injuries, and requiting good for evil;[24] comforting and succoring the distressed, and protecting and defending the innocent.[25]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.5.28-Eph.5.29", "osis": ["Eph.5.28-Eph.5.29"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Kgs.18.4", "osis": ["1Kgs.18.4"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.26.15-Jer.26.16", "osis": ["Jer.26.15-Jer.26.16"]}, {"raw": "Acts.23.12,Acts.23.16-Acts.23.17,Acts.23.21,Acts.23.27", "osis": ["Acts.23.12", "Acts.23.16-Acts.23.17", "Acts.23.21", "Acts.23.27"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.4.26-Eph.4.27", "osis": ["Eph.4.26-Eph.4.27"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "2Sam.2.22", "osis": ["2Sam.2.22"]}, {"raw": "Deut.22.8", "osis": ["Deut.22.8"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.4.6-Matt.4.7", "osis": ["Matt.4.6-Matt.4.7"]}, {"raw": "Prov.1.10-Prov.1.11,Prov.1.15-Prov.1.16", "osis": ["Prov.1.10-Prov.1.11", "Prov.1.15-Prov.1.16"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.24.2", "osis": ["1Sam.24.2"]}, {"raw": "1Sam.26.9-1Sam.26.11", "osis": ["1Sam.26.9-1Sam.26.11"]}, {"raw": "Gen.37.21-Gen.37.22", "osis": ["Gen.37.21-Gen.37.22"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.82.4", "osis": ["Ps.82.4"]}, {"raw": "Prov.24.11-Prov.24.12", "osis": ["Prov.24.11-Prov.24.12"]}, {"raw": "1Sam.14.45", "osis": ["1Sam.14.45"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Jas.5.7-Jas.5.11", "osis": ["Jas.5.7-Jas.5.11"]}, {"raw": "Heb.12.9", "osis": ["Heb.12.9"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "1Thess.4.11", "osis": ["1Thess.4.11"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.3.3-1Pet.3.4", "osis": ["1Pet.3.3-1Pet.3.4"]}, {"raw": "Ps.37.8-Ps.37.11", "osis": ["Ps.37.8-Ps.37.11"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.17.22", "osis": ["Prov.17.22"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.25.16,Prov.25.27", "osis": ["Prov.25.16", "Prov.25.27"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.5.23", "osis": ["1Tim.5.23"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.38.21", "osis": ["Isa.38.21"]}]}, {"id": 15, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.127.2", "osis": ["Ps.127.2"]}]}, {"id": 16, "references": [{"raw": "Eccl.5.12", "osis": ["Eccl.5.12"]}, {"raw": "2Thess.3.10,2Thess.3.12", "osis": ["2Thess.3.10", "2Thess.3.12"]}, {"raw": "Prov.16.26", "osis": ["Prov.16.26"]}]}, {"id": 17, "references": [{"raw": "Eccl.3.4,Eccl.3.11", "osis": ["Eccl.3.4", "Eccl.3.11"]}]}, {"id": 18, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.19.4-1Sam.19.5", "osis": ["1Sam.19.4-1Sam.19.5"]}, {"raw": "1Sam.22.13-1Sam.22.14", "osis": ["1Sam.22.13-1Sam.22.14"]}]}, {"id": 19, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.13.10", "osis": ["Rom.13.10"]}]}, {"id": 20, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.10.33-Luke.10.34", "osis": ["Luke.10.33-Luke.10.34"]}]}, {"id": 21, "references": [{"raw": "Col.3.12-Col.3.13", "osis": ["Col.3.12-Col.3.13"]}]}, {"id": 22, "references": [{"raw": "Jas.3.17", "osis": ["Jas.3.17"]}]}, {"id": 23, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.3.8-1Pet.3.11", "osis": ["1Pet.3.8-1Pet.3.11"]}, {"raw": "Prov.15.1", "osis": ["Prov.15.1"]}, {"raw": "Judg.8.1-Judg.8.3", "osis": ["Judg.8.1-Judg.8.3"]}]}, {"id": 24, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.24", "osis": ["Matt.5.24"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.2,Eph.4.32", "osis": ["Eph.4.2", "Eph.4.32"]}, {"raw": "Rom.12.17,Rom.12.20-Rom.12.21", "osis": ["Rom.12.17", "Rom.12.20-Rom.12.21"]}]}, {"id": 25, "references": [{"raw": "1Thess.5.14", "osis": ["1Thess.5.14"]}, {"raw": "Job.31.19-Job.31.20", "osis": ["Job.31.19-Job.31.20"]}, {"raw": "Matt.25.35-Matt.25.36", "osis": ["Matt.25.35-Matt.25.36"]}, {"raw": "Prov.31.8-Prov.31.9", "osis": ["Prov.31.8-Prov.31.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "136", "sort_key": 136, "question": "What are the sins forbidden in the sixth commandment?", "answer": "The sins forbidden in the sixth commandment are, all taking away the life of ourselves, or of others, except in case of public justice, lawful war, or necessary defense; the neglecting or withdrawing the lawful and necessary means of preservation of life; sinful anger, hatred, envy, desire of revenge; all excessive passions, distracting cares; immoderate use of meat, drink, labor, and recreations; provoking words, oppression, quarreling, striking, wounding, and: Whatsoever else tends to the destruction of the life of any.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sins forbidden in the sixth commandment are, all taking away the life of ourselves,[1] or of others,[2] except in case of public justice,[3] lawful war,[4] or necessary defense;[5] the neglecting or withdrawing the lawful and necessary means of preservation of life;[6] sinful anger,[7] hatred,[8] envy,[9] desire of revenge;[10] all excessive passions,[11] distracting cares;[12] immoderate use of meat, drink,[13] labor,[14] and recreations;[15] provoking words,[16] oppression,[17] quarreling,[18] striking, wounding,[19] and: Whatsoever else tends to the destruction of the life of any.[20]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.16.28", "osis": ["Acts.16.28"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.9.6", "osis": ["Gen.9.6"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Num.35.31,Num.35.33", "osis": ["Num.35.31", "Num.35.33"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.48.10", "osis": ["Jer.48.10"]}, {"raw": "Deut.20", "osis": ["Deut.20"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.22.2-Exod.22.3", "osis": ["Exod.22.2-Exod.22.3"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.25.42-Matt.25.43", "osis": ["Matt.25.42-Matt.25.43"]}, {"raw": "Jas.2.15-Jas.2.16", "osis": ["Jas.2.15-Jas.2.16"]}, {"raw": "Eccl.6.1-Eccl.6.2", "osis": ["Eccl.6.1-Eccl.6.2"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.22", "osis": ["Matt.5.22"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "1John.3.15", "osis": ["1John.3.15"]}, {"raw": "Lev.19.17", "osis": ["Lev.19.17"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.14.30", "osis": ["Prov.14.30"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.12.19", "osis": ["Rom.12.19"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.4.31", "osis": ["Eph.4.31"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.31,Matt.6.34", "osis": ["Matt.6.31", "Matt.6.34"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.21.34", "osis": ["Luke.21.34"]}, {"raw": "Rom.13.13", "osis": ["Rom.13.13"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "Eccl.2.22-Eccl.2.23", "osis": ["Eccl.2.22-Eccl.2.23"]}, {"raw": "Eccl.12.12", "osis": ["Eccl.12.12"]}]}, {"id": 15, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.5.12", "osis": ["Isa.5.12"]}]}, {"id": 16, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.12.18", "osis": ["Prov.12.18"]}, {"raw": "Prov.15.1", "osis": ["Prov.15.1"]}]}, {"id": 17, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.18.18", "osis": ["Ezek.18.18"]}, {"raw": "Exod.1.14", "osis": ["Exod.1.14"]}]}, {"id": 18, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.5.15", "osis": ["Gal.5.15"]}, {"raw": "Prov.23.29", "osis": ["Prov.23.29"]}]}, {"id": 19, "references": [{"raw": "Num.35.16-Num.35.18,Num.35.21", "osis": ["Num.35.16-Num.35.18", "Num.35.21"]}]}, {"id": 20, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.21.18-Exod.21.36", "osis": ["Exod.21.18-Exod.21.36"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "137", "sort_key": 137, "question": "Which is the seventh commandment?", "answer": "The seventh commandment is, Thou shalt not commit adultery.", "answer_with_proofs": "The seventh commandment is, Thou shalt not commit adultery.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.14", "osis": ["Exod.20.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "138", "sort_key": 138, "question": "What are the duties required in the seventh commandment?", "answer": "The duties required in the seventh commandment are, chastity in body, mind, affections, words, and behavior; and the preservation of it in ourselves and others; watchfulness over the eyes and all the senses; temperance, keeping of chaste company, modesty in apparel; marriage by those that have not the gift of continency, conjugal love, and cohabitation; diligent labor in our callings; shunning all occasions of uncleanness, and resisting temptations thereunto.", "answer_with_proofs": "The duties required in the seventh commandment are, chastity in body, mind, affections,[1] words,[2] and behavior;[3] and the preservation of it in ourselves and others;[4] watchfulness over the eyes and all the senses;[5] temperance,[6] keeping of chaste company,[7] modesty in apparel;[8] marriage by those that have not the gift of continency,[9] conjugal love,[10] and cohabitation;[11] diligent labor in our callings;[12] shunning all occasions of uncleanness, and resisting temptations thereunto.[13]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Thess.4.4", "osis": ["1Thess.4.4"]}, {"raw": "Job.31.1", "osis": ["Job.31.1"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.7.34", "osis": ["1Cor.7.34"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Col.4.6", "osis": ["Col.4.6"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.2.3", "osis": ["1Pet.2.3"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.7.2,1Cor.7.35-1Cor.7.36", "osis": ["1Cor.7.2", "1Cor.7.35-1Cor.7.36"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Job.31.1", "osis": ["Job.31.1"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.24.24", "osis": ["Acts.24.24"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.2.16-Prov.2.20", "osis": ["Prov.2.16-Prov.2.20"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.2.9", "osis": ["1Tim.2.9"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.7.2,1Cor.7.9", "osis": ["1Cor.7.2", "1Cor.7.9"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.5.19-Prov.5.20", "osis": ["Prov.5.19-Prov.5.20"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.3.7", "osis": ["1Pet.3.7"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.31.11,Prov.31.27-Prov.31.28", "osis": ["Prov.31.11", "Prov.31.27-Prov.31.28"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.5.8", "osis": ["Prov.5.8"]}, {"raw": "Gen.39.8-Gen.39.10", "osis": ["Gen.39.8-Gen.39.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "139", "sort_key": 139, "question": "What are the sins forbidden in the seventh commandment?", "answer": "The sins forbidden in the seventh commandment, besides the neglect of the duties required, are, adultery, fornication, rape, incest, sodomy, and all unnatural lusts; all unclean imaginations, thoughts, purposes, and affections; all corrupt or filthy communications, or listening thereunto; wanton looks, impudent or light behavior, immodest apparel; prohibiting of lawful, and dispensing with unlawful marriages; allowing, tolerating, keeping of stews, and resorting to them; entangling vows of single life, undue delay of marriage; having more wives or husbands than one at the same time; unjust divorce, or desertion; idleness, gluttony, drunkenness, unchaste company; lascivious songs, books, pictures, dancings, stage plays; and all other provocations to, or acts of uncleanness, either in ourselves or others.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sins forbidden in the seventh commandment, besides the neglect of the duties required,[1] are, adultery, fornication,[2] rape, incest,[3] sodomy, and all unnatural lusts;[4] all unclean imaginations, thoughts, purposes, and affections;[5] all corrupt or filthy communications, or listening thereunto;[6] wanton looks,[7] impudent or light behavior, immodest apparel;[8] prohibiting of lawful,[9] and dispensing with unlawful marriages;[10] allowing, tolerating, keeping of stews, and resorting to them;[11] entangling vows of single life,[12] undue delay of marriage;[13] having more wives or husbands than one at the same time;[14] unjust divorce,[15] or desertion;[16] idleness, gluttony, drunkenness,[17] unchaste company;[18] lascivious songs, books, pictures, dancings, stage plays;[19] and all other provocations to, or acts of uncleanness, either in ourselves or others.[20]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.5.7", "osis": ["Prov.5.7"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.13.4", "osis": ["Heb.13.4"]}, {"raw": "Gal.5.19", "osis": ["Gal.5.19"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "2Sam.13.14", "osis": ["2Sam.13.14"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.5.1", "osis": ["1Cor.5.1"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.24,Rom.1.26-Rom.1.27", "osis": ["Rom.1.24", "Rom.1.26-Rom.1.27"]}, {"raw": "Lev.20.15-Lev.20.16", "osis": ["Lev.20.15-Lev.20.16"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.28", "osis": ["Matt.5.28"]}, {"raw": "Matt.15.19", "osis": ["Matt.15.19"]}, {"raw": "Col.3.5", "osis": ["Col.3.5"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.5.3-Eph.5.4", "osis": ["Eph.5.3-Eph.5.4"]}, {"raw": "Prov.7.5,Prov.7.21-Prov.7.22", "osis": ["Prov.7.5", "Prov.7.21-Prov.7.22"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.3.16", "osis": ["Isa.3.16"]}, {"raw": "2Pet.2.14", "osis": ["2Pet.2.14"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.7.10,Prov.7.13", "osis": ["Prov.7.10", "Prov.7.13"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.4.3", "osis": ["1Tim.4.3"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.18.1-Lev.18.21", "osis": ["Lev.18.1-Lev.18.21"]}, {"raw": "Mark.6.18", "osis": ["Mark.6.18"]}, {"raw": "Mal.2.11-Mal.2.12", "osis": ["Mal.2.11-Mal.2.12"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "1Kgs.15.12", "osis": ["1Kgs.15.12"]}, {"raw": "2Kgs.23.7", "osis": ["2Kgs.23.7"]}, {"raw": "Deut.23.17-Deut.23.18", "osis": ["Deut.23.17-Deut.23.18"]}, {"raw": "Lev.19.29", "osis": ["Lev.19.29"]}, {"raw": "Jer.5.7", "osis": ["Jer.5.7"]}, {"raw": "Prov.7.24-Prov.7.27", "osis": ["Prov.7.24-Prov.7.27"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.19.10-Matt.19.11", "osis": ["Matt.19.10-Matt.19.11"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.7.7-1Cor.7.9", "osis": ["1Cor.7.7-1Cor.7.9"]}, {"raw": "Gen.38.26", "osis": ["Gen.38.26"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "Mal.2.14-Mal.2.15", "osis": ["Mal.2.14-Mal.2.15"]}, {"raw": "Matt.19.5", "osis": ["Matt.19.5"]}]}, {"id": 15, "references": [{"raw": "Mal.2.16", "osis": ["Mal.2.16"]}, {"raw": "Matt.5.32", "osis": ["Matt.5.32"]}]}, {"id": 16, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.7.12-1Cor.7.13", "osis": ["1Cor.7.12-1Cor.7.13"]}]}, {"id": 17, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.16.49", "osis": ["Ezek.16.49"]}, {"raw": "Prov.23.30-Prov.23.33", "osis": ["Prov.23.30-Prov.23.33"]}]}, {"id": 18, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.39.10", "osis": ["Gen.39.10"]}, {"raw": "Prov.5.8", "osis": ["Prov.5.8"]}]}, {"id": 19, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.5.4", "osis": ["Eph.5.4"]}, {"raw": "Ezek.23.14-Ezek.23.16", "osis": ["Ezek.23.14-Ezek.23.16"]}, {"raw": "Isa.3.16", "osis": ["Isa.3.16"]}, {"raw": "Isa.23.15-Isa.23.17", "osis": ["Isa.23.15-Isa.23.17"]}, {"raw": "Mark.6.22", "osis": ["Mark.6.22"]}, {"raw": "Rom.13.13", "osis": ["Rom.13.13"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.4.3", "osis": ["1Pet.4.3"]}]}, {"id": 20, "references": [{"raw": "2Kgs.9.30", "osis": ["2Kgs.9.30"]}, {"raw": "Jer.4.30", "osis": ["Jer.4.30"]}, {"raw": "Ezek.23.40", "osis": ["Ezek.23.40"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "140", "sort_key": 140, "question": "Which is the eighth commandment?", "answer": "The eighth commandment is, Thou shalt not steal.", "answer_with_proofs": "The eighth commandment is, Thou shalt not steal.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.15", "osis": ["Exod.20.15"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "141", "sort_key": 141, "question": "What are the duties required in the eighth commandment?", "answer": "The duties required in the eighth commandment are, truth, faithfulness, and justice in contracts and commerce between man and man; rendering to everyone his due; restitution of goods unlawfully detained from the right owners thereof; giving and lending freely, according to our abilities, and the necessities of others; moderation of our judgments, wills, and affections concerning worldly goods; a provident care and study to get, keep, use, and dispose these things which are necessary and convenient for the sustentation of our nature, and suitable to our condition; a lawful calling, and diligence in it; frugality; avoiding unnecessary lawsuits  and suretyship, or other like engagements; and an endeavor, by all just and lawful means, to procure, preserve, and further the wealth and outward estate of others, as well as our own.", "answer_with_proofs": "The duties required in the eighth commandment are, truth, faithfulness, and justice in contracts and commerce between man and man;[1] rendering to everyone his due;[2] restitution of goods unlawfully detained from the right owners thereof;[3] giving and lending freely, according to our abilities, and the necessities of others;[4] moderation of our judgments, wills, and affections concerning worldly goods;[5] a provident care and study to get,[6] keep, use, and dispose these things which are necessary and convenient for the sustentation of our nature, and suitable to our condition;[7] a lawful calling,[8] and diligence in it;[9] frugality;[10] avoiding unnecessary lawsuits [11] and suretyship, or other like engagements;[12] and an endeavor, by all just and lawful means, to procure, preserve, and further the wealth and outward estate of others, as well as our own.[13]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.15.2,Ps.15.4", "osis": ["Ps.15.2", "Ps.15.4"]}, {"raw": "Zech.7.4,Zech.7.10", "osis": ["Zech.7.4", "Zech.7.10"]}, {"raw": "Zech.8.16-Zech.8.17", "osis": ["Zech.8.16-Zech.8.17"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.13.7", "osis": ["Rom.13.7"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.6.2-Lev.6.5", "osis": ["Lev.6.2-Lev.6.5"]}, {"raw": "Luke.19.8", "osis": ["Luke.19.8"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.6.30,Luke.6.38", "osis": ["Luke.6.30", "Luke.6.38"]}, {"raw": "1John.3.17", "osis": ["1John.3.17"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.28", "osis": ["Eph.4.28"]}, {"raw": "Gal.6.10", "osis": ["Gal.6.10"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.6.6-1Tim.6.9", "osis": ["1Tim.6.6-1Tim.6.9"]}, {"raw": "Gal.6.14", "osis": ["Gal.6.14"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.5.8", "osis": ["1Tim.5.8"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.27.23-Prov.27.27", "osis": ["Prov.27.23-Prov.27.27"]}, {"raw": "Eccl.2.24", "osis": ["Eccl.2.24"]}, {"raw": "Eccl.3.12-Eccl.3.13", "osis": ["Eccl.3.12-Eccl.3.13"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.6.17-1Tim.6.18", "osis": ["1Tim.6.17-1Tim.6.18"]}, {"raw": "Isa.38.1", "osis": ["Isa.38.1"]}, {"raw": "Matt.11.8", "osis": ["Matt.11.8"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.7.20", "osis": ["1Cor.7.20"]}, {"raw": "Gen.2.15,Gen.3.19", "osis": ["Gen.2.15", "Gen.3.19"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.4.28", "osis": ["Eph.4.28"]}, {"raw": "Prov.10.4", "osis": ["Prov.10.4"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "John.6.12", "osis": ["John.6.12"]}, {"raw": "Prov.21.20", "osis": ["Prov.21.20"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.6.1-1Cor.6.9", "osis": ["1Cor.6.1-1Cor.6.9"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.6.1-Prov.6.6", "osis": ["Prov.6.1-Prov.6.6"]}, {"raw": "Prov.11.15", "osis": ["Prov.11.15"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.25.35", "osis": ["Lev.25.35"]}, {"raw": "Deut.22.1-Deut.22.4", "osis": ["Deut.22.1-Deut.22.4"]}, {"raw": "Exod.23.4-Exod.23.5", "osis": ["Exod.23.4-Exod.23.5"]}, {"raw": "Gen.47.14,Gen.47.20", "osis": ["Gen.47.14", "Gen.47.20"]}, {"raw": "Phil.2.4,Matt.22.39", "osis": ["Phil.2.4", "Matt.22.39"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "142", "sort_key": 142, "question": "What are the sins forbidden in the eighth commandment?", "answer": "The sins forbidden in the eighth commandment, besides the neglect of the duties required, are, theft, robbery, man-stealing, and receiving anything that is stolen; fraudulent dealing, false weights and measures, removing land marks, injustice and unfaithfulness in contracts between man and man, or in matters of trust; oppression, extortion, usury, bribery, vexatious lawsuits, unjust enclosures and depopulations; engrossing commodities to enhance the price; unlawful callings, and all other unjust or sinful ways of taking or withholding from our neighbor what belongs to him, or of enriching ourselves; covetousness; inordinate prizing and affecting worldly goods; distrustful and distracting cares and studies in getting, keeping, and using them; envying at the prosperity of others; as likewise idleness, prodigality, wasteful gaming; and all other ways whereby we do unduly prejudice our own outward estate, and defrauding ourselves of the due use and comfort of that estate which God hath given us.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sins forbidden in the eighth commandment, besides the neglect of the duties required,[1] are, theft,[2] robbery,[3] man-stealing,[4] and receiving anything that is stolen;[5] fraudulent dealing,[6] false weights and measures,[7] removing land marks,[8] injustice and unfaithfulness in contracts between man and man,[9] or in matters of trust;[10] oppression,[11] extortion,[12] usury,[13] bribery,[14] vexatious lawsuits,[15] unjust enclosures and depopulations;[16] engrossing commodities to enhance the price;[17] unlawful callings,[18] and all other unjust or sinful ways of taking or withholding from our neighbor what belongs to him, or of enriching ourselves;[19] covetousness;[20] inordinate prizing and affecting worldly goods;[21] distrustful and distracting cares and studies in getting, keeping, and using them;[22] envying at the prosperity of others;[23] as likewise idleness,[24] prodigality, wasteful gaming; and all other ways whereby we do unduly prejudice our own outward estate,[25] and defrauding ourselves of the due use and comfort of that estate which God hath given us.[26]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Jas.2.15-Jas.2.16", "osis": ["Jas.2.15-Jas.2.16"]}, {"raw": "1John.3.17", "osis": ["1John.3.17"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.4.28", "osis": ["Eph.4.28"]}, {"raw": "Ps.42.10", "osis": ["Ps.42.10"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.62.10", "osis": ["Ps.62.10"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.1.10", "osis": ["1Tim.1.10"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.29.24", "osis": ["Prov.29.24"]}, {"raw": "Ps.50.18", "osis": ["Ps.50.18"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "1Thess.4.6", "osis": ["1Thess.4.6"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.11.1", "osis": ["Prov.11.1"]}, {"raw": "Prov.20.10", "osis": ["Prov.20.10"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.19.14", "osis": ["Deut.19.14"]}, {"raw": "Prov.23.10", "osis": ["Prov.23.10"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Amos.8.5", "osis": ["Amos.8.5"]}, {"raw": "Ps.37.21", "osis": ["Ps.37.21"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.16.10-Luke.16.12", "osis": ["Luke.16.10-Luke.16.12"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.22.29", "osis": ["Ezek.22.29"]}, {"raw": "Lev.25.17", "osis": ["Lev.25.17"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.23.25", "osis": ["Matt.23.25"]}, {"raw": "Ezek.22.12", "osis": ["Ezek.22.12"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.15.5", "osis": ["Ps.15.5"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "Job.15.34", "osis": ["Job.15.34"]}]}, {"id": 15, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.6.6-1Cor.6.8", "osis": ["1Cor.6.6-1Cor.6.8"]}, {"raw": "Prov.3.29-Prov.3.30", "osis": ["Prov.3.29-Prov.3.30"]}]}, {"id": 16, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.5.8", "osis": ["Isa.5.8"]}, {"raw": "Mic.2.2", "osis": ["Mic.2.2"]}]}, {"id": 17, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.11.26", "osis": ["Prov.11.26"]}]}, {"id": 18, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.19.19,Acts.19.24-Acts.19.25", "osis": ["Acts.19.19", "Acts.19.24-Acts.19.25"]}]}, {"id": 19, "references": [{"raw": "Job.20.19", "osis": ["Job.20.19"]}, {"raw": "Jas.5.4", "osis": ["Jas.5.4"]}, {"raw": "Prov.21.6", "osis": ["Prov.21.6"]}]}, {"id": 20, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.12.15", "osis": ["Luke.12.15"]}]}, {"id": 21, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.6.5", "osis": ["1Tim.6.5"]}, {"raw": "Col.3.2", "osis": ["Col.3.2"]}, {"raw": "Prov.23.5", "osis": ["Prov.23.5"]}, {"raw": "Ps.42.10", "osis": ["Ps.42.10"]}]}, {"id": 22, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.25,Matt.6.31,Matt.6.34,Eccl.5.12", "osis": ["Matt.6.25", "Matt.6.31", "Matt.6.34", "Eccl.5.12"]}]}, {"id": 23, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.37.1,Ps.37.7", "osis": ["Ps.37.1", "Ps.37.7"]}, {"raw": "Ps.73.3", "osis": ["Ps.73.3"]}]}, {"id": 24, "references": [{"raw": "2Thess.3.11", "osis": ["2Thess.3.11"]}, {"raw": "Prov.18.9", "osis": ["Prov.18.9"]}]}, {"id": 25, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.21.17", "osis": ["Prov.21.17"]}, {"raw": "Prov.23.20-Prov.23.21", "osis": ["Prov.23.20-Prov.23.21"]}, {"raw": "Prov.28.19", "osis": ["Prov.28.19"]}]}, {"id": 26, "references": [{"raw": "Eccl.4.8", "osis": ["Eccl.4.8"]}, {"raw": "Eccl.6.2", "osis": ["Eccl.6.2"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.5.8", "osis": ["1Tim.5.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "143", "sort_key": 143, "question": "Which is the ninth commandment?", "answer": "The ninth commandment is, Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor.", "answer_with_proofs": "The ninth commandment is, Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.16", "osis": ["Exod.20.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "144", "sort_key": 144, "question": "What are the duties required in the ninth commandment?", "answer": "The duties required in the ninth commandment are, the preserving and promoting of truth between man and man, and the good name of our neighbor, as well as our own; appearing and standing for the truth; and from the heart, sincerely, freely, clearly, and fully, speaking the truth, and only the truth, in matters of judgment and justice, and in all other things whatsoever; a charitable esteem of our neighbors; loving, desiring, and rejoicing in their good name; sorrowing for, and covering of their infirmities; freely acknowledging of their gifts and graces, defending their innocency; a ready receiving of a good report, and unwillingness to admit of an evil report, concerning them; discouraging talebearers, flatterers, and slanderers; love and care of our own good name, and defending it when need requireth; keeping of lawful promises; studying and practicing of whatsoever things are true, honest, lovely, and of good report.", "answer_with_proofs": "The duties required in the ninth commandment are, the preserving and promoting of truth between man and man,[1] and the good name of our neighbor, as well as our own;[2] appearing and standing for the truth;[3] and from the heart,[4] sincerely,[5] freely,[6] clearly,[7] and fully,[8] speaking the truth, and only the truth, in matters of judgment and justice,[9] and in all other things whatsoever;[10] a charitable esteem of our neighbors;[11] loving, desiring, and rejoicing in their good name;[12] sorrowing for,[13] and covering of their infirmities;[14] freely acknowledging of their gifts and graces,[15] defending their innocency;[16] a ready receiving of a good report,[17] and unwillingness to admit of an evil report,[18] concerning them; discouraging talebearers,[19] flatterers,[20] and slanderers;[21] love and care of our own good name, and defending it when need requireth;[22] keeping of lawful promises;[23] studying and practicing of whatsoever things are true, honest, lovely, and of good report.[24]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Zech.8.16", "osis": ["Zech.8.16"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "3John.1.12", "osis": ["3John.1.12"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.31.8-Prov.31.9", "osis": ["Prov.31.8-Prov.31.9"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.15.2", "osis": ["Ps.15.2"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "2Chr.19.9", "osis": ["2Chr.19.9"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.19.4-1Sam.19.5", "osis": ["1Sam.19.4-1Sam.19.5"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Josh.7.19", "osis": ["Josh.7.19"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "2Sam.14.18-2Sam.14.20", "osis": ["2Sam.14.18-2Sam.14.20"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.19.15", "osis": ["Lev.19.15"]}, {"raw": "Prov.14.5,Prov.14.25", "osis": ["Prov.14.5", "Prov.14.25"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.1.17-2Cor.1.18", "osis": ["2Cor.1.17-2Cor.1.18"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.25", "osis": ["Eph.4.25"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.6.9", "osis": ["Heb.6.9"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.13.7", "osis": ["1Cor.13.7"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.8", "osis": ["Rom.1.8"]}, {"raw": "2John.1.4", "osis": ["2John.1.4"]}, {"raw": "3John.1.3-3John.1.4", "osis": ["3John.1.3-3John.1.4"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.2.4", "osis": ["2Cor.2.4"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.12.21", "osis": ["2Cor.12.21"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.17.9", "osis": ["Prov.17.9"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.4.8", "osis": ["1Pet.4.8"]}]}, {"id": 15, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.1.4-1Cor.1.5,1Cor.1.7", "osis": ["1Cor.1.4-1Cor.1.5", "1Cor.1.7"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.1.4-2Tim.1.5", "osis": ["2Tim.1.4-2Tim.1.5"]}]}, {"id": 16, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.22.14", "osis": ["1Sam.22.14"]}]}, {"id": 17, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.13.6-1Cor.13.7", "osis": ["1Cor.13.6-1Cor.13.7"]}]}, {"id": 18, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.15.3", "osis": ["Ps.15.3"]}]}, {"id": 19, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.25.23", "osis": ["Prov.25.23"]}]}, {"id": 20, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.26.24-Prov.26.25", "osis": ["Prov.26.24-Prov.26.25"]}]}, {"id": 21, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.101.5", "osis": ["Ps.101.5"]}]}, {"id": 22, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.22.1", "osis": ["Prov.22.1"]}, {"raw": "John.8.49", "osis": ["John.8.49"]}]}, {"id": 23, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.15.4", "osis": ["Ps.15.4"]}]}, {"id": 24, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.4.8", "osis": ["Phil.4.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "145", "sort_key": 145, "question": "What are the sins forbidden in the ninth commandment?", "answer": "The sins forbidden in the ninth commandment are, all prejudicing the truth, and the good name of our neighbors, as well as our own, especially in public judicature; giving false evidence, suborning false witnesses, wittingly appearing and pleading for an evil cause, outfacing and overbearing the truth; passing unjust sentence, calling evil good, and good evil; rewarding the wicked according to the work of the righteous, and the righteous according to the work of the wicked; forgery, concealing the truth, undue silence in a just cause, and holding our peace when iniquity calleth for either a reproof from ourselves, or complaint to others; speaking the truth unseasonably, or maliciously to a wrong end, or perverting it to a wrong meaning, or in doubtful and equivocal expressions, to the prejudice of truth or justice; speaking untruth, lying, slandering, backbiting, detracting, tale bearing, whispering, scoffing, reviling, rash, harsh, and partial censuring; misconstructing intentions, words, and actions; flattering, vainglorious boasting, thinking or speaking too highly or too meanly of ourselves or others; denying the gifts and graces of God; aggravating smaller faults; hiding, excusing, or extenuating of sins, when called to a free confession; unnecessary discovering of infirmities; raising false rumors, receiving and countenancing evil reports, and stopping our ears against just defense; evil suspicion; envying or grieving at the deserved credit of any, endeavoring or desiring to impair it, rejoicing in their disgrace and infamy; scornful contempt, fond admiration; breach of lawful promises; neglecting such things as are of good report, and practicing, or not avoiding ourselves, or not hindering: What we can in others, such things as procure an ill name.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sins forbidden in the ninth commandment are, all prejudicing the truth, and the good name of our neighbors, as well as our own,[1] especially in public judicature;[2] giving false evidence,[3] suborning false witnesses,[4] wittingly appearing and pleading for an evil cause, outfacing and overbearing the truth;[5] passing unjust sentence,[6] calling evil good, and good evil; rewarding the wicked according to the work of the righteous, and the righteous according to the work of the wicked;[7] forgery,[8] concealing the truth, undue silence in a just cause,[9] and holding our peace when iniquity calleth for either a reproof from ourselves,[10] or complaint to others;[11] speaking the truth unseasonably,[12] or maliciously to a wrong end,[13] or perverting it to a wrong meaning,[14] or in doubtful and equivocal expressions, to the prejudice of truth or justice;[15] speaking untruth,[16] lying,[17] slandering,[18] backbiting,[19] detracting,[20] tale bearing,[21] whispering,[22] scoffing,[23] reviling,[24] rash,[25] harsh,[26] and partial censuring;[27] misconstructing intentions, words, and actions;[28] flattering,[29] vainglorious boasting,[30] thinking or speaking too highly or too meanly of ourselves or others;[31] denying the gifts and graces of God;[32] aggravating smaller faults;[33] hiding, excusing, or extenuating of sins, when called to a free confession;[34] unnecessary discovering of infirmities;[35] raising false rumors,[36] receiving and countenancing evil reports,[37] and stopping our ears against just defense;[38] evil suspicion;[39] envying or grieving at the deserved credit of any,[40] endeavoring or desiring to impair it,[41] rejoicing in their disgrace and infamy;[42] scornful contempt,[43] fond admiration;[44] breach of lawful promises;[45] neglecting such things as are of good report,[46] and practicing, or not avoiding ourselves, or not hindering: What we can in others, such things as procure an ill name.[47]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.17.28", "osis": ["1Sam.17.28"]}, {"raw": "2Sam.1.9-2Sam.1.10,2Sam.1.15-2Sam.1.16", "osis": ["2Sam.1.9-2Sam.1.10", "2Sam.1.15-2Sam.1.16"]}, {"raw": "2Sam.16.3", "osis": ["2Sam.16.3"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.19.15", "osis": ["Lev.19.15"]}, {"raw": "Hab.1.4", "osis": ["Hab.1.4"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.6.16,Prov.6.19", "osis": ["Prov.6.16", "Prov.6.19"]}, {"raw": "Prov.19.5", "osis": ["Prov.19.5"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.6.13", "osis": ["Acts.6.13"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.9.3,Jer.9.5", "osis": ["Jer.9.3", "Jer.9.5"]}, {"raw": "Acts.24.2,Acts.24.5", "osis": ["Acts.24.2", "Acts.24.5"]}, {"raw": "Ps.3.1-Ps.3.4", "osis": ["Ps.3.1-Ps.3.4"]}, {"raw": "Ps.12.3-Ps.12.4", "osis": ["Ps.12.3-Ps.12.4"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.17.15", "osis": ["Prov.17.15"]}, {"raw": "1Kgs.21.9-1Kgs.21.14", "osis": ["1Kgs.21.9-1Kgs.21.14"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.5.23", "osis": ["Isa.5.23"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.119.69", "osis": ["Ps.119.69"]}, {"raw": "Luke.16.5-Luke.16.7", "osis": ["Luke.16.5-Luke.16.7"]}, {"raw": "Luke.19.8", "osis": ["Luke.19.8"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.5.1", "osis": ["Lev.5.1"]}, {"raw": "Acts.5.3,Acts.5.8-Acts.5.9", "osis": ["Acts.5.3", "Acts.5.8-Acts.5.9"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.4.6", "osis": ["2Tim.4.6"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "1Kgs.1.6", "osis": ["1Kgs.1.6"]}, {"raw": "Lev.19.17", "osis": ["Lev.19.17"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.59.4", "osis": ["Isa.59.4"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.29.11", "osis": ["Prov.29.11"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.22.9-1Sam.22.10", "osis": ["1Sam.22.9-1Sam.22.10"]}, {"raw": "Ps.52.1", "osis": ["Ps.52.1"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.56.5", "osis": ["Ps.56.5"]}, {"raw": "John.2.19", "osis": ["John.2.19"]}, {"raw": "Matt.26.60-Matt.26.61", "osis": ["Matt.26.60-Matt.26.61"]}]}, {"id": 15, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.3.5,Gen.26.7,Gen.26.9", "osis": ["Gen.3.5", "Gen.26.7", "Gen.26.9"]}]}, {"id": 16, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.59.13", "osis": ["Isa.59.13"]}]}, {"id": 17, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.19.11", "osis": ["Lev.19.11"]}, {"raw": "Col.3.9", "osis": ["Col.3.9"]}]}, {"id": 18, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.50.20", "osis": ["Ps.50.20"]}]}, {"id": 19, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.15.3", "osis": ["Ps.15.3"]}]}, {"id": 20, "references": [{"raw": "Jas.4.11", "osis": ["Jas.4.11"]}, {"raw": "Jer.38.4", "osis": ["Jer.38.4"]}]}, {"id": 21, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.19.16", "osis": ["Lev.19.16"]}]}, {"id": 22, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.29-Rom.1.30", "osis": ["Rom.1.29-Rom.1.30"]}]}, {"id": 23, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.21.9", "osis": ["Gen.21.9"]}, {"raw": "Gal.4.29", "osis": ["Gal.4.29"]}]}, {"id": 24, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.6.10", "osis": ["1Cor.6.10"]}]}, {"id": 25, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.7.1", "osis": ["Matt.7.1"]}]}, {"id": 26, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.28.4", "osis": ["Acts.28.4"]}]}, {"id": 27, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.38.24", "osis": ["Gen.38.24"]}, {"raw": "Rom.2.1", "osis": ["Rom.2.1"]}]}, {"id": 28, "references": [{"raw": "Neh.6.6-Neh.6.8", "osis": ["Neh.6.6-Neh.6.8"]}, {"raw": "Rom.3.8", "osis": ["Rom.3.8"]}, {"raw": "Ps.69.10", "osis": ["Ps.69.10"]}, {"raw": "1Sam.1.13-1Sam.1.15", "osis": ["1Sam.1.13-1Sam.1.15"]}, {"raw": "2Sam.10.3", "osis": ["2Sam.10.3"]}]}, {"id": 29, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.12.2-Ps.12.3", "osis": ["Ps.12.2-Ps.12.3"]}]}, {"id": 30, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.3.2", "osis": ["2Tim.3.2"]}]}, {"id": 31, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.18.9,Luke.18.11", "osis": ["Luke.18.9", "Luke.18.11"]}, {"raw": "Rom.12.16", "osis": ["Rom.12.16"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.4.6", "osis": ["1Cor.4.6"]}, {"raw": "Acts.12.22", "osis": ["Acts.12.22"]}, {"raw": "Exod.4.10-Exod.4.14", "osis": ["Exod.4.10-Exod.4.14"]}]}, {"id": 32, "references": [{"raw": "Job.4.6,Job.27.5-Job.27.6", "osis": ["Job.4.6", "Job.27.5-Job.27.6"]}]}, {"id": 33, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.7.3-Matt.7.5", "osis": ["Matt.7.3-Matt.7.5"]}]}, {"id": 34, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.28.13", "osis": ["Prov.28.13"]}, {"raw": "Prov.30.20", "osis": ["Prov.30.20"]}, {"raw": "Gen.3.12-Gen.3.13", "osis": ["Gen.3.12-Gen.3.13"]}, {"raw": "Gen.4.9", "osis": ["Gen.4.9"]}, {"raw": "Jer.2.35", "osis": ["Jer.2.35"]}, {"raw": "2Kgs.5.25", "osis": ["2Kgs.5.25"]}]}, {"id": 35, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.9.22", "osis": ["Gen.9.22"]}, {"raw": "Prov.25.9-Prov.25.10", "osis": ["Prov.25.9-Prov.25.10"]}]}, {"id": 36, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.23.1", "osis": ["Exod.23.1"]}]}, {"id": 37, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.29.12", "osis": ["Prov.29.12"]}]}, {"id": 38, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.7.56-Acts.7.57", "osis": ["Acts.7.56-Acts.7.57"]}, {"raw": "Job.31.13-Job.31.14", "osis": ["Job.31.13-Job.31.14"]}]}, {"id": 39, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.13.5", "osis": ["1Cor.13.5"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.6.4", "osis": ["1Tim.6.4"]}]}, {"id": 40, "references": [{"raw": "Num.11.29", "osis": ["Num.11.29"]}, {"raw": "Matt.21.15", "osis": ["Matt.21.15"]}]}, {"id": 41, "references": [{"raw": "Ezra.4.12-Ezra.4.13", "osis": ["Ezra.4.12-Ezra.4.13"]}]}, {"id": 42, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.48.27", "osis": ["Jer.48.27"]}]}, {"id": 43, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.35.15-Ps.35.16,Ps.35.21", "osis": ["Ps.35.15-Ps.35.16", "Ps.35.21"]}, {"raw": "Matt.27.28-Matt.27.29", "osis": ["Matt.27.28-Matt.27.29"]}]}, {"id": 44, "references": [{"raw": "Jude.1.16", "osis": ["Jude.1.16"]}, {"raw": "Acts.12.22", "osis": ["Acts.12.22"]}]}, {"id": 45, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.31", "osis": ["Rom.1.31"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.3.3", "osis": ["2Tim.3.3"]}]}, {"id": 46, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.2.24", "osis": ["1Sam.2.24"]}]}, {"id": 47, "references": [{"raw": "2Sam.13.12-2Sam.13.13", "osis": ["2Sam.13.12-2Sam.13.13"]}, {"raw": "Prov.5.8-Prov.5.9", "osis": ["Prov.5.8-Prov.5.9"]}, {"raw": "Prov.6.33", "osis": ["Prov.6.33"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "146", "sort_key": 146, "question": "Which is the tenth commandment?", "answer": "The tenth commandment is, Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbor's.", "answer_with_proofs": "The tenth commandment is, Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbor's.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.17", "osis": ["Exod.20.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "147", "sort_key": 147, "question": "What are the duties required in the tenth commandment?", "answer": "The duties required in the tenth commandment are, such a full contentment with our own condition, and such a charitable frame of the whole soul toward our neighbor, as that all our inward motions and affections touching him, tend unto, and further all that good which is his.", "answer_with_proofs": "The duties required in the tenth commandment are, such a full contentment with our own condition,[1] and such a charitable frame of the whole soul toward our neighbor, as that all our inward motions and affections touching him, tend unto, and further all that good which is his.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.13.5", "osis": ["Heb.13.5"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.6.6", "osis": ["1Tim.6.6"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Job.31.29", "osis": ["Job.31.29"]}, {"raw": "Ps.122.7-Ps.122.9", "osis": ["Ps.122.7-Ps.122.9"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.1.5", "osis": ["1Tim.1.5"]}, {"raw": "Esth.10.3", "osis": ["Esth.10.3"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.13.4-1Cor.13.7", "osis": ["1Cor.13.4-1Cor.13.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "148", "sort_key": 148, "question": "What are the sins forbidden in the tenth commandment?", "answer": "The sins forbidden in the tenth commandment are, discontentment with our own estate; envying  and grieving at the good of our neighbor, together with all inordinate motions and affections to anything that is his.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sins forbidden in the tenth commandment are, discontentment with our own estate;[1] envying [2] and grieving at the good of our neighbor,[3] together with all inordinate motions and affections to anything that is his.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Kgs.21.4", "osis": ["1Kgs.21.4"]}, {"raw": "Esth.5.13", "osis": ["Esth.5.13"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.10.10", "osis": ["1Cor.10.10"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.5.26", "osis": ["Gal.5.26"]}, {"raw": "Jas.3.14,Jas.3.16", "osis": ["Jas.3.14", "Jas.3.16"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.112.9-Ps.112.10", "osis": ["Ps.112.9-Ps.112.10"]}, {"raw": "Neh.2.10", "osis": ["Neh.2.10"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.7.7-Rom.7.8", "osis": ["Rom.7.7-Rom.7.8"]}, {"raw": "Rom.13.9", "osis": ["Rom.13.9"]}, {"raw": "Col.3.5", "osis": ["Col.3.5"]}, {"raw": "Deut.5.21", "osis": ["Deut.5.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "149", "sort_key": 149, "question": "Is any man able perfectly to keep the commandments of God?", "answer": "No man is able, either of himself, or by any grace received in this life, perfectly to keep the commandments of God; but doth daily break them in thought, word, and deed.", "answer_with_proofs": "No man is able, either of himself,[1] or by any grace received in this life, perfectly to keep the commandments of God;[2] but doth daily break them in thought,[3] word, and deed.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Jas.3.2", "osis": ["Jas.3.2"]}, {"raw": "John.15.5", "osis": ["John.15.5"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.3", "osis": ["Rom.8.3"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eccl.7.20", "osis": ["Eccl.7.20"]}, {"raw": "1John.1.8,1John.1.10", "osis": ["1John.1.8", "1John.1.10"]}, {"raw": "Gal.5.17", "osis": ["Gal.5.17"]}, {"raw": "Rom.7.18-Rom.7.19", "osis": ["Rom.7.18-Rom.7.19"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.6.5,Gen.8.21", "osis": ["Gen.6.5", "Gen.8.21"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.9-Rom.3.19", "osis": ["Rom.3.9-Rom.3.19"]}, {"raw": "Jas.3.2-Jas.3.13", "osis": ["Jas.3.2-Jas.3.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "150", "sort_key": 150, "question": "Are all transgressions of the law of God equally heinous in themselves, and in the sight of God?", "answer": "All transgressions of the law of God are not equally heinous; but some sins in themselves, and by reason of several aggravations, are more heinous in the sight of God than others.", "answer_with_proofs": "All transgressions of the law of God are not equally heinous; but some sins in themselves, and by reason of several aggravations, are more heinous in the sight of God than others.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.19.11", "osis": ["John.19.11"]}, {"raw": "Ezek.8.6,Ezek.8.13,Ezek.8.15", "osis": ["Ezek.8.6", "Ezek.8.13", "Ezek.8.15"]}, {"raw": "1John.5.16", "osis": ["1John.5.16"]}, {"raw": "Ps.78.17,Ps.78.32,Ps.78.56", "osis": ["Ps.78.17", "Ps.78.32", "Ps.78.56"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "151", "sort_key": 151, "question": "What are those aggravations that make some sins more heinous than others?", "answer": "Sins receive their aggravations,\n1. From the persons offending: if they be of riper age, greater experience or grace, eminent for profession, gifts, place, office, guides to others, and whose example is likely to be followed by others.\n2. From the parties offended: if immediately against God, his attributes, and worship; against Christ, and his grace; the Holy Spirit, his witness, and workings; against superiors, men of eminency, and such as we stand especially related and engaged unto; against any of the saints, particularly weak brethren, the souls of them, or any other, and the common good of all or many.\n3. From the nature and quality of the offense: if it be against the express letter of the law, break many commandments, contain in it many sins: if not only conceived in the heart, but breaks forth in words and actions, scandalize others, and admit of no reparation: if against means, mercies, judgments, light of nature, conviction of conscience, public or private admonition, censures of the church, civil punishments; and our prayers, purposes, promises, vows, covenants, and engagements to God or men: if done deliberately, wilfully, presumptuously, impudently, boastingly, maliciously, frequently, obstinately, with delight, continuance, or relapsing after repentance.\n4. From circumstances of time  and place: if on the Lord's day, or other times of divine worship; or immediately before  or after these, or other helps to prevent or remedy such miscarriages: if in public, or in the presence of others, who are thereby likely to be provoked or defiled.", "answer_with_proofs": "Sins receive their aggravations,\n1. From the persons offending:[1] if they be of riper age,[2] greater experience or grace,[3] eminent for profession,[4] gifts,[5] place,[6] office,[7] guides to others,[8] and whose example is likely to be followed by others.[9]\n2. From the parties offended:[10] if immediately against God,[11] his attributes,[12] and worship;[13] against Christ, and his grace;[14] the Holy Spirit,[15] his witness,[16] and workings;[17] against superiors, men of eminency,[18] and such as we stand especially related and engaged unto;[19] against any of the saints,[20] particularly weak brethren,[21] the souls of them, or any other,[22] and the common good of all or many.[23]\n3. From the nature and quality of the offense:[24] if it be against the express letter of the law,[25] break many commandments, contain in it many sins:[26] if not only conceived in the heart, but breaks forth in words and actions,[27] scandalize others,[28] and admit of no reparation:[29] if against means,[30] mercies,[31] judgments,[32] light of nature,[33] conviction of conscience,[34] public or private admonition,[35] censures of the church,[36] civil punishments;[37] and our prayers, purposes, promises,[38] vows,[39] covenants,[40] and engagements to God or men:[41] if done deliberately,[42] wilfully,[43] presumptuously,[44] impudently,[45] boastingly,[46] maliciously,[47] frequently,[48] obstinately,[49] with delight,[50] continuance,[51] or relapsing after repentance.[52]\n4. From circumstances of time [53] and place:[54] if on the Lord's day,[55] or other times of divine worship;[56] or immediately before [57] or after these,[58] or other helps to prevent or remedy such miscarriages:[59] if in public, or in the presence of others, who are thereby likely to be provoked or defiled.[60]\n", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.2.8", "osis": ["Jer.2.8"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Job.32.7,Job.32.9", "osis": ["Job.32.7", "Job.32.9"]}, {"raw": "Eccl.4.13", "osis": ["Eccl.4.13"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Kgs.11.4,1Kgs.11.9", "osis": ["1Kgs.11.4", "1Kgs.11.9"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "2Sam.12.14", "osis": ["2Sam.12.14"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.5.1", "osis": ["1Cor.5.1"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Jas.4.17", "osis": ["Jas.4.17"]}, {"raw": "Luke.12.47-Luke.12.48", "osis": ["Luke.12.47-Luke.12.48"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.5.4-Jer.5.5", "osis": ["Jer.5.4-Jer.5.5"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "2Sam.12.7-2Sam.12.9", "osis": ["2Sam.12.7-2Sam.12.9"]}, {"raw": "Ezek.8.11-Ezek.8.12", "osis": ["Ezek.8.11-Ezek.8.12"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.2.17-Rom.2.24", "osis": ["Rom.2.17-Rom.2.24"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.2.11-Gal.2.14", "osis": ["Gal.2.11-Gal.2.14"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.21.38-Matt.21.39", "osis": ["Matt.21.38-Matt.21.39"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.2.25", "osis": ["1Sam.2.25"]}, {"raw": "Acts.5.4", "osis": ["Acts.5.4"]}, {"raw": "Ps.51.4", "osis": ["Ps.51.4"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.2.4", "osis": ["Rom.2.4"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "Mal.1.8,Mal.1.14", "osis": ["Mal.1.8", "Mal.1.14"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.2.2-Heb.2.3", "osis": ["Heb.2.2-Heb.2.3"]}, {"raw": "Heb.12.25", "osis": ["Heb.12.25"]}]}, {"id": 15, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.10.29", "osis": ["Heb.10.29"]}, {"raw": "Matt.12.31-Matt.12.32", "osis": ["Matt.12.31-Matt.12.32"]}]}, {"id": 16, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.4.30", "osis": ["Eph.4.30"]}]}, {"id": 17, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.6.4-Heb.6.6", "osis": ["Heb.6.4-Heb.6.6"]}]}, {"id": 18, "references": [{"raw": "Jude.1.8", "osis": ["Jude.1.8"]}, {"raw": "Num.12.8-Num.12.9", "osis": ["Num.12.8-Num.12.9"]}, {"raw": "Isa.3.5", "osis": ["Isa.3.5"]}]}, {"id": 19, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.30.17", "osis": ["Prov.30.17"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.12.15", "osis": ["2Cor.12.15"]}, {"raw": "Ps.55.12-Ps.55.15", "osis": ["Ps.55.12-Ps.55.15"]}]}, {"id": 20, "references": [{"raw": "Zeph.2.8,Zeph.2.10-Zeph.2.11", "osis": ["Zeph.2.8", "Zeph.2.10-Zeph.2.11"]}, {"raw": "Matt.18.6", "osis": ["Matt.18.6"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.6.8", "osis": ["1Cor.6.8"]}, {"raw": "Rev.17.6", "osis": ["Rev.17.6"]}]}, {"id": 21, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.8.11-1Cor.8.12", "osis": ["1Cor.8.11-1Cor.8.12"]}, {"raw": "Rom.14.13,Rom.14.15,Rom.14.21", "osis": ["Rom.14.13", "Rom.14.15", "Rom.14.21"]}]}, {"id": 22, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.13.19", "osis": ["Ezek.13.19"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.8.12", "osis": ["1Cor.8.12"]}, {"raw": "Rev.18.12-Rev.18.13", "osis": ["Rev.18.12-Rev.18.13"]}, {"raw": "Matt.23.15", "osis": ["Matt.23.15"]}]}, {"id": 23, "references": [{"raw": "1Thess.2.15-1Thess.2.16", "osis": ["1Thess.2.15-1Thess.2.16"]}, {"raw": "Josh.22.20", "osis": ["Josh.22.20"]}]}, {"id": 24, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.6.30-Prov.6.35", "osis": ["Prov.6.30-Prov.6.35"]}]}, {"id": 25, "references": [{"raw": "Ezra.9.10-Ezra.9.12", "osis": ["Ezra.9.10-Ezra.9.12"]}, {"raw": "1Kgs.11.9-1Kgs.11.10", "osis": ["1Kgs.11.9-1Kgs.11.10"]}]}, {"id": 26, "references": [{"raw": "Col.3.5", "osis": ["Col.3.5"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.6.1", "osis": ["1Tim.6.1"]}, {"raw": "Prov.5.8-Prov.5.12", "osis": ["Prov.5.8-Prov.5.12"]}, {"raw": "Prov.6.32-Prov.6.33", "osis": ["Prov.6.32-Prov.6.33"]}, {"raw": "Josh.7.21", "osis": ["Josh.7.21"]}]}, {"id": 27, "references": [{"raw": "Jas.1.14-Jas.1.15", "osis": ["Jas.1.14-Jas.1.15"]}, {"raw": "Matt.5.22", "osis": ["Matt.5.22"]}, {"raw": "Mic.2.1", "osis": ["Mic.2.1"]}]}, {"id": 28, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.18.7", "osis": ["Matt.18.7"]}, {"raw": "Rom.2.23-Rom.2.24", "osis": ["Rom.2.23-Rom.2.24"]}]}, {"id": 29, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.22.22,Deut.22.28-Deut.22.29", "osis": ["Deut.22.22", "Deut.22.28-Deut.22.29"]}, {"raw": "Prov.6.32-Prov.6.35", "osis": ["Prov.6.32-Prov.6.35"]}]}, {"id": 30, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.11.21-Matt.11.24", "osis": ["Matt.11.21-Matt.11.24"]}, {"raw": "John.15.22", "osis": ["John.15.22"]}]}, {"id": 31, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.1.3", "osis": ["Isa.1.3"]}, {"raw": "Deut.32.6", "osis": ["Deut.32.6"]}]}, {"id": 32, "references": [{"raw": "Amos.4.8-Amos.4.11", "osis": ["Amos.4.8-Amos.4.11"]}, {"raw": "Jer.5.8", "osis": ["Jer.5.8"]}]}, {"id": 33, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.26-Rom.1.27", "osis": ["Rom.1.26-Rom.1.27"]}]}, {"id": 34, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.32", "osis": ["Rom.1.32"]}, {"raw": "Dan.5.22", "osis": ["Dan.5.22"]}, {"raw": "Titus.3.10-Titus.3.11", "osis": ["Titus.3.10-Titus.3.11"]}]}, {"id": 35, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.29.1", "osis": ["Prov.29.1"]}]}, {"id": 36, "references": [{"raw": "Titus.3.10", "osis": ["Titus.3.10"]}, {"raw": "Matt.18.17", "osis": ["Matt.18.17"]}]}, {"id": 37, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.23.35,Prov.27.22", "osis": ["Prov.23.35", "Prov.27.22"]}]}, {"id": 38, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.78.34-Ps.78.37", "osis": ["Ps.78.34-Ps.78.37"]}, {"raw": "Jer.2.20,Jer.13.5-Jer.13.6,Jer.13.20-Jer.13.21", "osis": ["Jer.2.20", "Jer.13.5-Jer.13.6", "Jer.13.20-Jer.13.21"]}]}, {"id": 39, "references": [{"raw": "Eccl.5.4-Eccl.5.6", "osis": ["Eccl.5.4-Eccl.5.6"]}, {"raw": "Prov.20.25", "osis": ["Prov.20.25"]}]}, {"id": 40, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.26.25", "osis": ["Lev.26.25"]}]}, {"id": 41, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.2.17", "osis": ["Prov.2.17"]}, {"raw": "Ezek.17.18-Ezek.17.19", "osis": ["Ezek.17.18-Ezek.17.19"]}]}, {"id": 42, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.36.4", "osis": ["Ps.36.4"]}]}, {"id": 43, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.6.16", "osis": ["Jer.6.16"]}]}, {"id": 44, "references": [{"raw": "Num.15.30", "osis": ["Num.15.30"]}, {"raw": "Exod.21.14", "osis": ["Exod.21.14"]}]}, {"id": 45, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.3.3", "osis": ["Jer.3.3"]}, {"raw": "Prov.7.13", "osis": ["Prov.7.13"]}]}, {"id": 46, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.52.1", "osis": ["Ps.52.1"]}]}, {"id": 47, "references": [{"raw": "3John.1.10", "osis": ["3John.1.10"]}]}, {"id": 48, "references": [{"raw": "Num.14.22", "osis": ["Num.14.22"]}]}, {"id": 49, "references": [{"raw": "Zech.7.11-Zech.7.12", "osis": ["Zech.7.11-Zech.7.12"]}]}, {"id": 50, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.2.14", "osis": ["Prov.2.14"]}]}, {"id": 51, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.57.17", "osis": ["Isa.57.17"]}]}, {"id": 52, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.34.8-Jer.34.11", "osis": ["Jer.34.8-Jer.34.11"]}, {"raw": "2Pet.2.20-2Pet.2.22", "osis": ["2Pet.2.20-2Pet.2.22"]}]}, {"id": 53, "references": [{"raw": "2Kgs.5.26", "osis": ["2Kgs.5.26"]}]}, {"id": 54, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.7.10", "osis": ["Jer.7.10"]}, {"raw": "Isa.26.10", "osis": ["Isa.26.10"]}]}, {"id": 55, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek.23.37-Ezek.23.39", "osis": ["Ezek.23.37-Ezek.23.39"]}]}, {"id": 56, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.58.3-Isa.58.5", "osis": ["Isa.58.3-Isa.58.5"]}, {"raw": "Num.25.6-Num.25.7", "osis": ["Num.25.6-Num.25.7"]}]}, {"id": 57, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.20-1Cor.11.21", "osis": ["1Cor.11.20-1Cor.11.21"]}]}, {"id": 58, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.7.8-Jer.7.10,Jer.7.14-Jer.7.15", "osis": ["Jer.7.8-Jer.7.10", "Jer.7.14-Jer.7.15"]}, {"raw": "John.13.27,John.13.30", "osis": ["John.13.27", "John.13.30"]}]}, {"id": 59, "references": [{"raw": "Ezra.9.13-Ezra.9.14", "osis": ["Ezra.9.13-Ezra.9.14"]}]}, {"id": 60, "references": [{"raw": "2Sam.16.22", "osis": ["2Sam.16.22"]}, {"raw": "1Sam.2.22-1Sam.2.24", "osis": ["1Sam.2.22-1Sam.2.24"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "152", "sort_key": 152, "question": "What doth every sin deserve at the hands of God?", "answer": "Every sin, even the least, being against the sovereignty, goodness, and holiness of God, and against his righteous law, deserveth his wrath and curse, both in this life, and that which is to come; and cannot be expiated but by the blood of Christ.", "answer_with_proofs": "Every sin, even the least, being against the sovereignty,[1] goodness,[2] and holiness of God,[3] and against his righteous law,[4] deserveth his wrath and curse,[5] both in this life,[6] and that which is to come;[7] and cannot be expiated but by the blood of Christ.[8]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Jas.2.10-Jas.2.11", "osis": ["Jas.2.10-Jas.2.11"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.20.1-Exod.20.2", "osis": ["Exod.20.1-Exod.20.2"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Hab.1.13", "osis": ["Hab.1.13"]}, {"raw": "Lev.10.3", "osis": ["Lev.10.3"]}, {"raw": "Lev.11.44-Lev.11.45", "osis": ["Lev.11.44-Lev.11.45"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1John.3.4", "osis": ["1John.3.4"]}, {"raw": "Rom.7.12", "osis": ["Rom.7.12"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.5.6", "osis": ["Eph.5.6"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.10", "osis": ["Gal.3.10"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Lam.3.39", "osis": ["Lam.3.39"]}, {"raw": "Deut.28.15-Deut.28.68", "osis": ["Deut.28.15-Deut.28.68"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.25.41", "osis": ["Matt.25.41"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.9.22", "osis": ["Heb.9.22"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.1.18-1Pet.1.19", "osis": ["1Pet.1.18-1Pet.1.19"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "153", "sort_key": 153, "question": "What doth God require of us, that we may escape his wrath and curse due to us by reason of the transgression of the law?", "answer": "That we may escape the wrath and curse of God due to us by reason of the transgression of the law, he requireth of us repentance toward God, and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ, and the diligent use of the outward means whereby Christ communicates to us the benefits of his mediation.", "answer_with_proofs": "That we may escape the wrath and curse of God due to us by reason of the transgression of the law, he requireth of us repentance toward God, and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ,[1] and the diligent use of the outward means whereby Christ communicates to us the benefits of his mediation.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.16.30-Acts.16.31", "osis": ["Acts.16.30-Acts.16.31"]}, {"raw": "Acts.20.21", "osis": ["Acts.20.21"]}, {"raw": "Matt.3.7-Matt.3.8", "osis": ["Matt.3.7-Matt.3.8"]}, {"raw": "Luke.13.3,Luke.13.5", "osis": ["Luke.13.3", "Luke.13.5"]}, {"raw": "John.3.16,John.3.18", "osis": ["John.3.16", "John.3.18"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.2.1-Prov.2.5", "osis": ["Prov.2.1-Prov.2.5"]}, {"raw": "Prov.8.33-Prov.8.36", "osis": ["Prov.8.33-Prov.8.36"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "154", "sort_key": 154, "question": "What are the outward means whereby Christ communicates to us the benefits of his mediation?", "answer": "The outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicates to his church the benefits of his mediation, are all his ordinances; especially the word, sacraments, and prayer; all which are made effectual to the elect for their salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "The outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicates to his church the benefits of his mediation, are all his ordinances; especially the word, sacraments, and prayer; all which are made effectual to the elect for their salvation.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20", "osis": ["Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.42,Acts.2.46-Acts.2.47", "osis": ["Acts.2.42", "Acts.2.46-Acts.2.47"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "155", "sort_key": 155, "question": "How is the word made effectual to salvation?", "answer": "The Spirit of God makes the reading, but especially the preaching of the word, an effectual means of enlightening, convincing, and humbling sinners; of driving them out of themselves, and drawing them unto Christ; of conforming them to his image, and subduing them to his will; of strengthening them against temptations and corruptions; of building them up in grace, and establishing their hearts in holiness and comfort through faith unto salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Spirit of God makes the reading, but especially the preaching of the word, an effectual means of enlightening,[1] convincing, and humbling sinners;[2] of driving them out of themselves, and drawing them unto Christ;[3] of conforming them to his image,[4] and subduing them to his will;[5] of strengthening them against temptations and corruptions;[6] of building them up in grace,[7] and establishing their hearts in holiness and comfort through faith unto salvation.[8]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Neh.8.8", "osis": ["Neh.8.8"]}, {"raw": "Acts.26.18", "osis": ["Acts.26.18"]}, {"raw": "Ps.19.8", "osis": ["Ps.19.8"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.14.24-1Cor.14.25", "osis": ["1Cor.14.24-1Cor.14.25"]}, {"raw": "2Chr.34.18-2Chr.34.19,2Chr.34.26-2Chr.34.28", "osis": ["2Chr.34.18-2Chr.34.19", "2Chr.34.26-2Chr.34.28"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.37,Acts.2.41", "osis": ["Acts.2.37", "Acts.2.41"]}, {"raw": "Acts.8.27-Acts.8.39", "osis": ["Acts.8.27-Acts.8.39"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.3.18", "osis": ["2Cor.3.18"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.10.4-2Cor.10.6", "osis": ["2Cor.10.4-2Cor.10.6"]}, {"raw": "Rom.6.17", "osis": ["Rom.6.17"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.4.4,Matt.4.7,Matt.4.10", "osis": ["Matt.4.4", "Matt.4.7", "Matt.4.10"]}, {"raw": "Eph.6.16-Eph.6.17", "osis": ["Eph.6.16-Eph.6.17"]}, {"raw": "Ps.19.11", "osis": ["Ps.19.11"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.10.11", "osis": ["1Cor.10.11"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.20.32", "osis": ["Acts.20.32"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.3.15-2Tim.3.17", "osis": ["2Tim.3.15-2Tim.3.17"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.1.16", "osis": ["Rom.1.16"]}, {"raw": "Rom.10.13-Rom.10.17", "osis": ["Rom.10.13-Rom.10.17"]}, {"raw": "Rom.15.4", "osis": ["Rom.15.4"]}, {"raw": "Rom.16.25", "osis": ["Rom.16.25"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.3.2,1Thess.3.10-1Thess.3.11,1Thess.3.13", "osis": ["1Thess.3.2", "1Thess.3.10-1Thess.3.11", "1Thess.3.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "156", "sort_key": 156, "question": "Is the word of God to be read by all?", "answer": "Although all are not to be permitted to read the word publicly to the congregation, yet all sorts of people are bound to read it apart by themselves, and with their families: to which end, the holy scriptures are to be translated out of the original into vulgar languages.", "answer_with_proofs": "Although all are not to be permitted to read the word publicly to the congregation,[1] yet all sorts of people are bound to read it apart by themselves,[2] and with their families:[3] to which end, the holy scriptures are to be translated out of the original into vulgar languages.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.31.9,Deut.31.11-Deut.31.13", "osis": ["Deut.31.9", "Deut.31.11-Deut.31.13"]}, {"raw": "Neh.8.2-Neh.8.3", "osis": ["Neh.8.2-Neh.8.3"]}, {"raw": "Neh.9.3-Neh.9.5", "osis": ["Neh.9.3-Neh.9.5"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.17.19", "osis": ["Deut.17.19"]}, {"raw": "Rev.1.3", "osis": ["Rev.1.3"]}, {"raw": "John.5.39", "osis": ["John.5.39"]}, {"raw": "Isa.34.16", "osis": ["Isa.34.16"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.6.6-Deut.6.9", "osis": ["Deut.6.6-Deut.6.9"]}, {"raw": "Gen.18.17,Gen.18.19", "osis": ["Gen.18.17", "Gen.18.19"]}, {"raw": "Ps.78.5-Ps.78.7", "osis": ["Ps.78.5-Ps.78.7"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.14.6,1Cor.14.9,1Cor.14.11-1Cor.14.12,1Cor.14.15-1Cor.14.16,1Cor.14.24,1Cor.14.27-1Cor.14.28", "osis": ["1Cor.14.6", "1Cor.14.9", "1Cor.14.11-1Cor.14.12", "1Cor.14.15-1Cor.14.16", "1Cor.14.24", "1Cor.14.27-1Cor.14.28"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "157", "sort_key": 157, "question": "How is the word of God to be read?", "answer": "The holy scriptures are to be read with an high and reverent esteem of them; with a firm persuasion that they are the very word of God, and that he only can enable us to understand them; with desire to know, believe, and obey the will of God revealed in them; with diligence, and attention to the matter and scope of them; with meditation, application, self-denial, and prayer.", "answer_with_proofs": "The holy scriptures are to be read with an high and reverent esteem of them;[1] with a firm persuasion that they are the very word of God,[2] and that he only can enable us to understand them;[3] with desire to know, believe, and obey the will of God revealed in them;[4] with diligence,[5] and attention to the matter and scope of them;[6] with meditation,[7] application,[8] self-denial,[9] and prayer.[10]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.19.10", "osis": ["Ps.19.10"]}, {"raw": "Neh.8.3-Neh.8.10", "osis": ["Neh.8.3-Neh.8.10"]}, {"raw": "Exod.24.7", "osis": ["Exod.24.7"]}, {"raw": "2Chr.34.27", "osis": ["2Chr.34.27"]}, {"raw": "Isa.66.2", "osis": ["Isa.66.2"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Pet.1.19-2Pet.1.21", "osis": ["2Pet.1.19-2Pet.1.21"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.24.45", "osis": ["Luke.24.45"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.3.13-2Cor.3.16", "osis": ["2Cor.3.13-2Cor.3.16"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.17.10,Deut.17.20", "osis": ["Deut.17.10", "Deut.17.20"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.17.11", "osis": ["Acts.17.11"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.8.30,Acts.8.34", "osis": ["Acts.8.30", "Acts.8.34"]}, {"raw": "Luke.10.26-Luke.10.28", "osis": ["Luke.10.26-Luke.10.28"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.1.2,Ps.119.97", "osis": ["Ps.1.2", "Ps.119.97"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "2Chr.24.21", "osis": ["2Chr.24.21"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.3.5", "osis": ["Prov.3.5"]}, {"raw": "Deut.33.3", "osis": ["Deut.33.3"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.2.1-Prov.2.6", "osis": ["Prov.2.1-Prov.2.6"]}, {"raw": "Ps.119.18", "osis": ["Ps.119.18"]}, {"raw": "Neh.7.6,Neh.7.8", "osis": ["Neh.7.6", "Neh.7.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "158", "sort_key": 158, "question": "By whom is the word of God to be preached?", "answer": "The word of God is to be preached only by such as are sufficiently gifted, and also duly approved and called to that office.", "answer_with_proofs": "The word of God is to be preached only by such as are sufficiently gifted,[1] and also duly approved and called to that office.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.3.2,1Tim.3.6", "osis": ["1Tim.3.2", "1Tim.3.6"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.8-Eph.4.11", "osis": ["Eph.4.8-Eph.4.11"]}, {"raw": "Hos.4.6", "osis": ["Hos.4.6"]}, {"raw": "Mal.2.7", "osis": ["Mal.2.7"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.3.6", "osis": ["2Cor.3.6"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.14.15", "osis": ["Jer.14.15"]}, {"raw": "Rom.10.15", "osis": ["Rom.10.15"]}, {"raw": "Heb.5.4", "osis": ["Heb.5.4"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.12.28-1Cor.12.29", "osis": ["1Cor.12.28-1Cor.12.29"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.3.10", "osis": ["1Tim.3.10"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.4.14", "osis": ["1Tim.4.14"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.5.22", "osis": ["1Tim.5.22"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "159", "sort_key": 159, "question": "How is the word of God to be preached by those that are called thereunto?", "answer": "They that are called to labor in the ministry of the word, are to preach sound doctrine, diligently, in season and out of season; plainly, not in the enticing words of man's wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit, and of power; faithfully, making known the whole counsel of God; wisely, applying themselves to the necessities and capacities of the hearers; zealously, with fervent love to God  and the souls of his people; sincerely, aiming at his glory, and their conversion, edification, and salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": "They that are called to labor in the ministry of the word, are to preach sound doctrine,[1] diligently,[2] in season and out of season;[3] plainly,[4] not in the enticing words of man's wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit, and of power;[5] faithfully,[6] making known the whole counsel of God;[7] wisely,[8] applying themselves to the necessities and capacities of the hearers;[9] zealously,[10] with fervent love to God [11] and the souls of his people;[12] sincerely,[13] aiming at his glory,[14] and their conversion,[15] edification,[16] and salvation.[17]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Titus.2.1,Titus.2.8", "osis": ["Titus.2.1", "Titus.2.8"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.18.25", "osis": ["Acts.18.25"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.4.2", "osis": ["2Tim.4.2"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.14.19", "osis": ["1Cor.14.19"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.2.4", "osis": ["1Cor.2.4"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.23.28", "osis": ["Jer.23.28"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.4.1-1Cor.4.2", "osis": ["1Cor.4.1-1Cor.4.2"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.20.27", "osis": ["Acts.20.27"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Col.1.28", "osis": ["Col.1.28"]}, {"raw": "2Tim.2.15", "osis": ["2Tim.2.15"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.3.2", "osis": ["1Cor.3.2"]}, {"raw": "Heb.5.12-Heb.5.14", "osis": ["Heb.5.12-Heb.5.14"]}, {"raw": "Luke.12.42", "osis": ["Luke.12.42"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.18.25", "osis": ["Acts.18.25"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.5.13-2Cor.5.14", "osis": ["2Cor.5.13-2Cor.5.14"]}, {"raw": "Phil.1.15-Phil.1.17", "osis": ["Phil.1.15-Phil.1.17"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Col.4.12", "osis": ["Col.4.12"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.12.15", "osis": ["2Cor.12.15"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.2.17", "osis": ["2Cor.2.17"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.4.2", "osis": ["2Cor.4.2"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "1Thess.2.4-1Thess.2.6", "osis": ["1Thess.2.4-1Thess.2.6"]}, {"raw": "John.7.18", "osis": ["John.7.18"]}]}, {"id": 15, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.9.19-1Cor.9.22", "osis": ["1Cor.9.19-1Cor.9.22"]}]}, {"id": 16, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.12.19", "osis": ["2Cor.12.19"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.12", "osis": ["Eph.4.12"]}]}, {"id": 17, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.4.16", "osis": ["1Tim.4.16"]}, {"raw": "Acts.26.16-Acts.26.18", "osis": ["Acts.26.16-Acts.26.18"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "160", "sort_key": 160, "question": "What is required of those that hear the word preached?", "answer": "It is required of those that hear the word preached, that they attend upon it with diligence, preparation, and prayer; examine: What they hear by the scriptures; receive the truth with faith, love, meekness, and readiness of mind, as the word of God; meditate, and confer of it; hide it in their hearts, and bring forth the fruit of it in their lives.", "answer_with_proofs": "It is required of those that hear the word preached, that they attend upon it with diligence,[1] preparation,[2] and prayer;[3] examine: What they hear by the scriptures;[4] receive the truth with faith,[5] love,[6] meekness,[7] and readiness of mind,[8] as the word of God;[9] meditate,[10] and confer of it;[11] hide it in their hearts,[12] and bring forth the fruit of it in their lives.[13]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.8.34", "osis": ["Prov.8.34"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.2.1-1Pet.2.2", "osis": ["1Pet.2.1-1Pet.2.2"]}, {"raw": "Luke.8.18", "osis": ["Luke.8.18"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.119.18", "osis": ["Ps.119.18"]}, {"raw": "Eph.6.18-Eph.6.19", "osis": ["Eph.6.18-Eph.6.19"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.17.11", "osis": ["Acts.17.11"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.4.2", "osis": ["Heb.4.2"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "2Thess.2.10", "osis": ["2Thess.2.10"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Jas.1.21", "osis": ["Jas.1.21"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.17.11", "osis": ["Acts.17.11"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "1Thess.2.13", "osis": ["1Thess.2.13"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.9.44", "osis": ["Luke.9.44"]}, {"raw": "Heb.2.1", "osis": ["Heb.2.1"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.24.14", "osis": ["Luke.24.14"]}, {"raw": "Deut.6.6-Deut.6.7", "osis": ["Deut.6.6-Deut.6.7"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.2.1", "osis": ["Prov.2.1"]}, {"raw": "Ps.119.11", "osis": ["Ps.119.11"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.8.15", "osis": ["Luke.8.15"]}, {"raw": "Jas.1.25", "osis": ["Jas.1.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "161", "sort_key": 161, "question": "How do the sacraments become effectual means of salvation?", "answer": "The sacraments become effectual means of salvation, not by any power in themselves, or any virtue derived from the piety or intention of him by whom they are administered, but only by the working of the Holy Ghost, and the blessing of Christ, by whom they are instituted.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sacraments become effectual means of salvation, not by any power in themselves, or any virtue derived from the piety or intention of him by whom they are administered, but only by the working of the Holy Ghost, and the blessing of Christ, by whom they are instituted.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.3.21", "osis": ["1Pet.3.21"]}, {"raw": "Acts.8.13,Acts.8.23", "osis": ["Acts.8.13", "Acts.8.23"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.3.6-1Cor.3.7", "osis": ["1Cor.3.6-1Cor.3.7"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.12.13", "osis": ["1Cor.12.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "162", "sort_key": 162, "question": "What is a sacrament?", "answer": "A sacrament is a holy ordinance instituted by Christ in his church, to signify, seal, and exhibit  unto those that are within the covenant of grace, the benefits of his mediation; to strengthen and increase their faith, and all other graces; to oblige them to obedience; to testify and cherish their love and communion one with another; and to distinguish them from those that are without.", "answer_with_proofs": "A sacrament is a holy ordinance instituted by Christ in his church,[1] to signify, seal, and exhibit [2] unto those that are within the covenant of grace,[3] the benefits of his mediation;[4] to strengthen and increase their faith, and all other graces;[5] to oblige them to obedience;[6] to testify and cherish their love and communion one with another;[7] and to distinguish them from those that are without.[8]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.17.7,Gen.17.10", "osis": ["Gen.17.7", "Gen.17.10"]}, {"raw": "Exod.12", "osis": ["Exod.12"]}, {"raw": "Matt.26.26-Matt.26.28", "osis": ["Matt.26.26-Matt.26.28"]}, {"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.4.11", "osis": ["Rom.4.11"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.24-1Cor.11.25", "osis": ["1Cor.11.24-1Cor.11.25"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.15.8", "osis": ["Rom.15.8"]}, {"raw": "Exod.12.48", "osis": ["Exod.12.48"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.38", "osis": ["Acts.2.38"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.10.16", "osis": ["1Cor.10.16"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.4.11", "osis": ["Rom.4.11"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.27", "osis": ["Gal.3.27"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.3-Rom.6.4", "osis": ["Rom.6.3-Rom.6.4"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.10.21", "osis": ["1Cor.10.21"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.4.2-Eph.4.5", "osis": ["Eph.4.2-Eph.4.5"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.12.13", "osis": ["1Cor.12.13"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.2.11-Eph.2.12", "osis": ["Eph.2.11-Eph.2.12"]}, {"raw": "Gen.34.14", "osis": ["Gen.34.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "163", "sort_key": 163, "question": "What are the parts of a sacrament?", "answer": "The parts of a sacrament are two; the one an outward and sensible sign, used according to Christ's own appointment; the other an inward and spiritual grace thereby signified.", "answer_with_proofs": "The parts of a sacrament are two; the one an outward and sensible sign, used according to Christ's own appointment; the other an inward and spiritual grace thereby signified.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.3.11", "osis": ["Matt.3.11"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.3.21", "osis": ["1Pet.3.21"]}, {"raw": "Rom.2.28-Rom.2.29", "osis": ["Rom.2.28-Rom.2.29"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "164", "sort_key": 164, "question": "How many sacraments hath Christ instituted in his church under the New Testament?", "answer": "Under the New Testament Christ hath instituted in his church only two sacraments, Baptism and the Lord's supper.", "answer_with_proofs": "Under the New Testament Christ hath instituted in his church only two sacraments, Baptism and the Lord's supper.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.26.26-Matt.26.28", "osis": ["Matt.26.26-Matt.26.28"]}, {"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.20,1Cor.11.23", "osis": ["1Cor.11.20", "1Cor.11.23"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "165", "sort_key": 165, "question": "What is Baptism?", "answer": "Baptism is a sacrament of the New Testament, wherein Christ hath ordained the washing with water in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, to be a sign and seal of ingrafting into himself, of remission of sins by his blood, and regeneration by his Spirit; of adoption, and resurrection unto everlasting life; and whereby the parties baptized are solemnly admitted into the visible church, and enter into an open and professed engagement to be wholly and only the Lord's.", "answer_with_proofs": "Baptism is a sacrament of the New Testament, wherein Christ hath ordained the washing with water in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost,[1] to be a sign and seal of ingrafting into himself,[2] of remission of sins by his blood,[3] and regeneration by his Spirit;[4] of adoption,[5] and resurrection unto everlasting life;[6] and whereby the parties baptized are solemnly admitted into the visible church,[7] and enter into an open and professed engagement to be wholly and only the Lord's.[8]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.3.27", "osis": ["Gal.3.27"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Mark.1.4", "osis": ["Mark.1.4"]}, {"raw": "Rev.1.5", "osis": ["Rev.1.5"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Titus.3.5", "osis": ["Titus.3.5"]}, {"raw": "Eph.5.26", "osis": ["Eph.5.26"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.3.26-Gal.3.27", "osis": ["Gal.3.26-Gal.3.27"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.15.29", "osis": ["1Cor.15.29"]}, {"raw": "Rom.6.5", "osis": ["Rom.6.5"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.12.13", "osis": ["1Cor.12.13"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.4", "osis": ["Rom.6.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "166", "sort_key": 166, "question": "Unto whom is Baptism to be administered?", "answer": "Baptism is not to be administered to any that are out of the visible church, and so strangers from the covenant of promise, till they profess their faith in Christ, and obedience to him, but infants descending from parents, either both, or but one of them, professing faith in Christ, and obedience to him, are in that respect within the covenant, and to be baptized.", "answer_with_proofs": "Baptism is not to be administered to any that are out of the visible church, and so strangers from the covenant of promise, till they profess their faith in Christ, and obedience to him,[1] but infants descending from parents, either both, or but one of them, professing faith in Christ, and obedience to him, are in that respect within the covenant, and to be baptized.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.38", "osis": ["Acts.2.38"]}, {"raw": "Acts.8.36-Acts.8.37", "osis": ["Acts.8.36-Acts.8.37"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.17.7,Gen.17.9", "osis": ["Gen.17.7", "Gen.17.9"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.9,Gal.3.14", "osis": ["Gal.3.9", "Gal.3.14"]}, {"raw": "Col.2.11-Col.2.12", "osis": ["Col.2.11-Col.2.12"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.38-Acts.2.39", "osis": ["Acts.2.38-Acts.2.39"]}, {"raw": "Rom.4.11-Rom.4.12", "osis": ["Rom.4.11-Rom.4.12"]}, {"raw": "Rom.11.16", "osis": ["Rom.11.16"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.7.14", "osis": ["1Cor.7.14"]}, {"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}, {"raw": "Luke.18.15-Luke.18.16", "osis": ["Luke.18.15-Luke.18.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "167", "sort_key": 167, "question": "How is our Baptism to be improved by us?", "answer": "The needful but much neglected duty of improving our Baptism, is to be performed by us all our life long, especially in the time of temptation, and when we are present at the administration of it to others; by serious and thankful consideration of the nature of it, and of the ends for which Christ instituted it, the privileges and benefits conferred and sealed thereby, and our solemn vow made therein; by being humbled for our sinful defilement, our falling short of, and walking contrary to, the grace of baptism, and our engagements; by growing up to assurance of pardon of sin, and of all other blessings sealed to us in that sacrament; by drawing strength from the death and resurrection of Christ, into whom we are baptized, for the mortifying of sin, and quickening of grace; and by endeavoring to live by faith, to have our conversation in holiness and righteousness, as those that have therein given up their names to Christ; and to walk in brotherly love, as being baptized by the same Spirit into one body.", "answer_with_proofs": "The needful but much neglected duty of improving our Baptism, is to be performed by us all our life long, especially in the time of temptation, and when we are present at the administration of it to others;[1] by serious and thankful consideration of the nature of it, and of the ends for which Christ instituted it, the privileges and benefits conferred and sealed thereby, and our solemn vow made therein;[2] by being humbled for our sinful defilement, our falling short of, and walking contrary to, the grace of baptism, and our engagements;[3] by growing up to assurance of pardon of sin, and of all other blessings sealed to us in that sacrament;[4] by drawing strength from the death and resurrection of Christ, into whom we are baptized, for the mortifying of sin, and quickening of grace;[5] and by endeavoring to live by faith,[6] to have our conversation in holiness and righteousness,[7] as those that have therein given up their names to Christ;[8] and to walk in brotherly love, as being baptized by the same Spirit into one body.[9]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Col.2.11-Col.2.12", "osis": ["Col.2.11-Col.2.12"]}, {"raw": "Rom.6.4,Rom.6.6,Rom.6.11", "osis": ["Rom.6.4", "Rom.6.6", "Rom.6.11"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.3-Rom.6.5", "osis": ["Rom.6.3-Rom.6.5"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.1.11-1Cor.1.13", "osis": ["1Cor.1.11-1Cor.1.13"]}, {"raw": "Rom.6.2-Rom.6.3", "osis": ["Rom.6.2-Rom.6.3"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.4.11-Rom.4.12", "osis": ["Rom.4.11-Rom.4.12"]}, {"raw": "1Pet.3.21", "osis": ["1Pet.3.21"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.3-Rom.6.5", "osis": ["Rom.6.3-Rom.6.5"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.3.26-Gal.3.27", "osis": ["Gal.3.26-Gal.3.27"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.22", "osis": ["Rom.6.22"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.38", "osis": ["Acts.2.38"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.12.13,1Cor.12.25-1Cor.12.27", "osis": ["1Cor.12.13", "1Cor.12.25-1Cor.12.27"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "168", "sort_key": 168, "question": "What is the Lord's supper?", "answer": "The Lord's supper is a sacrament of the New Testament, wherein, by giving and receiving bread and wine according to the appointment of Jesus Christ, his death is showed forth; and they that worthily communicate feed upon his body and blood, to their spiritual nourishment and growth in grace; have their union and communion with him confirmed; testify and renew their thankfulness, and engagement to God, and their mutual love and fellowship each with other, as members of the same mystical body.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Lord's supper is a sacrament of the New Testament,[1] wherein, by giving and receiving bread and wine according to the appointment of Jesus Christ, his death is showed forth; and they that worthily communicate feed upon his body and blood, to their spiritual nourishment and growth in grace;[2] have their union and communion with him confirmed;[3] testify and renew their thankfulness,[4] and engagement to God,[5] and their mutual love and fellowship each with other, as members of the same mystical body.[6]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.22.20", "osis": ["Luke.22.20"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.26.26-Matt.26.28", "osis": ["Matt.26.26-Matt.26.28"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.13-1Cor.11.26", "osis": ["1Cor.11.13-1Cor.11.26"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.16", "osis": ["1Cor.10.16"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.24", "osis": ["1Cor.11.24"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.14-1Cor.10.16,1Cor.10.21", "osis": ["1Cor.10.14-1Cor.10.16", "1Cor.10.21"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.17", "osis": ["1Cor.10.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "169", "sort_key": 169, "question": "How hath Christ appointed bread and wine to be given and received in the sacrament of the Lord's supper?", "answer": "Christ hath appointed the ministers of his word, in the administration of this sacrament of the Lord's Supper, to set apart the bread and wine from common use, by the word of institution, thanksgiving, and prayer; to take and break the bread, and to give both the bread and the wine to the communicants: who are, by the same appointment, to take and eat the bread, and to drink the wine, in thankful remembrance that the body of Christ was broken and given, and his blood shed, for them.", "answer_with_proofs": "Christ hath appointed the ministers of his word, in the administration of this sacrament of the Lord's Supper, to set apart the bread and wine from common use, by the word of institution, thanksgiving, and prayer; to take and break the bread, and to give both the bread and the wine to the communicants: who are, by the same appointment, to take and eat the bread, and to drink the wine, in thankful remembrance that the body of Christ was broken and given, and his blood shed, for them.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.24", "osis": ["1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.24"]}, {"raw": "Matt.26.26-Matt.26.28", "osis": ["Matt.26.26-Matt.26.28"]}, {"raw": "Mark.14.22-Mark.14.24", "osis": ["Mark.14.22-Mark.14.24"]}, {"raw": "Luke.22.19-Luke.22.20", "osis": ["Luke.22.19-Luke.22.20"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "170", "sort_key": 170, "question": "How do they that worthily communicate in the Lord's supper feed upon the body and blood of Christ therein?", "answer": "As the body and blood of Christ are not corporally or carnally present in, with, or under the bread and wine in the Lord's supper, and yet are spiritually present to the faith of the receiver, no less truly and really than the elements themselves are to their outward senses; so they that worthily communicate in the sacrament of the Lord's supper, do therein feed upon the body and blood of Christ, not after a corporal and carnal, but in a spiritual manner; yet truly and really, while by faith they receive and apply unto themselves Christ crucified, and all the benefits of his death.", "answer_with_proofs": "As the body and blood of Christ are not corporally or carnally present in, with, or under the bread and wine in the Lord's supper,[1] and yet are spiritually present to the faith of the receiver, no less truly and really than the elements themselves are to their outward senses;[2] so they that worthily communicate in the sacrament of the Lord's supper, do therein feed upon the body and blood of Christ, not after a corporal and carnal, but in a spiritual manner; yet truly and really,[3] while by faith they receive and apply unto themselves Christ crucified, and all the benefits of his death.[4]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.3.21", "osis": ["Acts.3.21"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.26.26,Matt.26.28", "osis": ["Matt.26.26", "Matt.26.28"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.24-1Cor.11.29", "osis": ["1Cor.11.24-1Cor.11.29"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.16", "osis": ["1Cor.10.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "171", "sort_key": 171, "question": "How are they that receive the sacrament of the Lord's supper to prepare themselves before they come unto it?", "answer": "They that receive the sacrament of the Lord's supper are, before they come, to prepare themselves thereunto, by examining themselves  of their being in Christ, of their sins and wants; of the truth and measure of their knowledge, faith, repentance; love to God and the brethren, charity to all men, forgiving those that have done them wrong; of their desires after Christ, and of their new obedience; and by renewing the exercise of these graces, by serious meditation, and fervent prayer.", "answer_with_proofs": "They that receive the sacrament of the Lord's supper are, before they come, to prepare themselves thereunto, by examining themselves [1] of their being in Christ,[2] of their sins and wants;[3] of the truth and measure of their knowledge,[4] faith,[5] repentance;[6] love to God and the brethren,[7] charity to all men,[8] forgiving those that have done them wrong;[9] of their desires after Christ,[10] and of their new obedience;[11] and by renewing the exercise of these graces,[12] by serious meditation,[13] and fervent prayer.[14]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.28", "osis": ["1Cor.11.28"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.13.5", "osis": ["2Cor.13.5"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.5.7", "osis": ["1Cor.5.7"]}, {"raw": "Exod.12.15", "osis": ["Exod.12.15"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.29", "osis": ["1Cor.11.29"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.13.5", "osis": ["1Cor.13.5"]}, {"raw": "Matt.26.28", "osis": ["Matt.26.28"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Zech.12.10", "osis": ["Zech.12.10"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.31", "osis": ["1Cor.11.31"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.16-1Cor.10.17", "osis": ["1Cor.10.16-1Cor.10.17"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.46-Acts.2.47", "osis": ["Acts.2.46-Acts.2.47"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.5.8", "osis": ["1Cor.5.8"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.18,1Cor.11.20", "osis": ["1Cor.11.18", "1Cor.11.20"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.23-Matt.5.24", "osis": ["Matt.5.23-Matt.5.24"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.55.1", "osis": ["Isa.55.1"]}, {"raw": "John.7.37", "osis": ["John.7.37"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.5.7-1Cor.5.8", "osis": ["1Cor.5.7-1Cor.5.8"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.25-1Cor.11.26,1Cor.11.28", "osis": ["1Cor.11.25-1Cor.11.26", "1Cor.11.28"]}, {"raw": "Heb.10.21-Heb.10.22,Heb.10.24", "osis": ["Heb.10.21-Heb.10.22", "Heb.10.24"]}, {"raw": "Ps.26.6", "osis": ["Ps.26.6"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.24-1Cor.11.25", "osis": ["1Cor.11.24-1Cor.11.25"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "2Chr.30.18-2Chr.30.19", "osis": ["2Chr.30.18-2Chr.30.19"]}, {"raw": "Matt.26.26", "osis": ["Matt.26.26"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "172", "sort_key": 172, "question": "May one who doubteth of his being in Christ, or of his due preparation, come to the Lord's supper?", "answer": "One who doubteth of his being in Christ, or of his due preparation to the sacrament of the Lord's supper, may have true interest in Christ, though he be not yet assured thereof; and in God's account hath it, if he be duly affected with the apprehension of the want of it, and unfeignedly desires to be found in Christ, and to depart from iniquity: in which case (because promises are made, and this sacrament is appointed, for the relief even of weak and doubting Christians) he is to bewail his unbelief, and labor to have his doubts resolved; and, so doing, he may and ought to come to the Lord's supper, that he may be further strengthened.", "answer_with_proofs": "One who doubteth of his being in Christ, or of his due preparation to the sacrament of the Lord's supper, may have true interest in Christ, though he be not yet assured thereof;[1] and in God's account hath it, if he be duly affected with the apprehension of the want of it,[2] and unfeignedly desires to be found in Christ,[3] and to depart from iniquity:[4] in which case (because promises are made, and this sacrament is appointed, for the relief even of weak and doubting Christians)[5] he is to bewail his unbelief,[6] and labor to have his doubts resolved;[7] and, so doing, he may and ought to come to the Lord's supper, that he may be further strengthened.[8]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.1.10", "osis": ["Isa.1.10"]}, {"raw": "1John.5.13", "osis": ["1John.5.13"]}, {"raw": "Ps.88", "osis": ["Ps.88"]}, {"raw": "Ps.77.1-Ps.77.12", "osis": ["Ps.77.1-Ps.77.12"]}, {"raw": "Jonah.2.4,Jonah.2.7", "osis": ["Jonah.2.4", "Jonah.2.7"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.54.7-Isa.54.10", "osis": ["Isa.54.7-Isa.54.10"]}, {"raw": "Matt.5.3-Matt.5.4", "osis": ["Matt.5.3-Matt.5.4"]}, {"raw": "Ps.31.22", "osis": ["Ps.31.22"]}, {"raw": "Ps.73.13,Ps.73.22-Ps.73.23", "osis": ["Ps.73.13", "Ps.73.22-Ps.73.23"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.3.8-Phil.3.9", "osis": ["Phil.3.8-Phil.3.9"]}, {"raw": "Ps.10.17", "osis": ["Ps.10.17"]}, {"raw": "Ps.42.1-Ps.42.2,Ps.42.5,Ps.42.11", "osis": ["Ps.42.1-Ps.42.2", "Ps.42.5", "Ps.42.11"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "2Tim.2.19", "osis": ["2Tim.2.19"]}, {"raw": "Isa.1.10", "osis": ["Isa.1.10"]}, {"raw": "Ps.66.18-Ps.66.20", "osis": ["Ps.66.18-Ps.66.20"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.40.11,Isa.40.29,Isa.40.31", "osis": ["Isa.40.11", "Isa.40.29", "Isa.40.31"]}, {"raw": "Matt.11.28", "osis": ["Matt.11.28"]}, {"raw": "Matt.12.20", "osis": ["Matt.12.20"]}, {"raw": "Matt.26.28", "osis": ["Matt.26.28"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Mark.9.24", "osis": ["Mark.9.24"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.2.37,Acts.16.30", "osis": ["Acts.2.37", "Acts.16.30"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.4.11", "osis": ["Rom.4.11"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.28", "osis": ["1Cor.11.28"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "173", "sort_key": 173, "question": "May any who profess the faith, and desire to come to the Lord's supper, be kept from it?", "answer": "Such as are found to be ignorant or scandalous, notwithstanding their profession of the faith, and desire to come to the Lord's supper, may and ought to be kept from that sacrament, by the power which Christ hath left in his church, until they receive instruction, and manifest their reformation.", "answer_with_proofs": "Such as are found to be ignorant or scandalous, notwithstanding their profession of the faith, and desire to come to the Lord's supper, may and ought to be kept from that sacrament, by the power which Christ hath left in his church,[1] until they receive instruction, and manifest their reformation.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.5", "osis": ["1Cor.5"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.27-1Cor.11.31", "osis": ["1Cor.11.27-1Cor.11.31"]}, {"raw": "Matt.7.6", "osis": ["Matt.7.6"]}, {"raw": "Jude.1.23", "osis": ["Jude.1.23"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.5.22", "osis": ["1Tim.5.22"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.2.7", "osis": ["2Cor.2.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "174", "sort_key": 174, "question": "What is required of them that receive the sacrament of the Lord's supper in the time of the administration of it?", "answer": "It is required of them that receive the sacrament of the Lord's supper, that, during the time of the administration of it, with all holy reverence and attention they wait upon God in that ordinance, diligently observe the sacramental elements and actions, heedfully discern the Lord's body, and affectionately meditate on his death and sufferings, and thereby stir up themselves to a vigorous exercise of their graces; in judging themselves, and sorrowing for sin; in earnest hungering and thirsting after Christ, feeding on him by faith, receiving of his fulness, trusting in his merits, rejoicing in his love, giving thanks for his grace; in renewing of their covenant with God, and love to all the saints.", "answer_with_proofs": "It is required of them that receive the sacrament of the Lord's supper, that, during the time of the administration of it, with all holy reverence and attention they wait upon God in that ordinance,[1] diligently observe the sacramental elements and actions,[2] heedfully discern the Lord's body,[3] and affectionately meditate on his death and sufferings,[4] and thereby stir up themselves to a vigorous exercise of their graces;[5] in judging themselves,[6] and sorrowing for sin;[7] in earnest hungering and thirsting after Christ,[8] feeding on him by faith,[9] receiving of his fulness,[10] trusting in his merits,[11] rejoicing in his love,[12] giving thanks for his grace;[13] in renewing of their covenant with God, and love to all the saints.[14]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Lev.10.3", "osis": ["Lev.10.3"]}, {"raw": "Heb.12.18", "osis": ["Heb.12.18"]}, {"raw": "Ps.5.7", "osis": ["Ps.5.7"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.17,1Cor.11.26-1Cor.11.27", "osis": ["1Cor.11.17", "1Cor.11.26-1Cor.11.27"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.24.8", "osis": ["Exod.24.8"]}, {"raw": "Matt.26.28", "osis": ["Matt.26.28"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.29", "osis": ["1Cor.11.29"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.22.19", "osis": ["Luke.22.19"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.3-1Cor.10.5,1Cor.10.11,1Cor.10.14", "osis": ["1Cor.10.3-1Cor.10.5", "1Cor.10.11", "1Cor.10.14"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.26", "osis": ["1Cor.11.26"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.31", "osis": ["1Cor.11.31"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Zech.12.10", "osis": ["Zech.12.10"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Rev.22.17", "osis": ["Rev.22.17"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "John.6.35", "osis": ["John.6.35"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.16", "osis": ["John.1.16"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.1.16", "osis": ["Phil.1.16"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.63.4-Ps.63.5", "osis": ["Ps.63.4-Ps.63.5"]}, {"raw": "2Chr.30.21", "osis": ["2Chr.30.21"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.22.26", "osis": ["Ps.22.26"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.1.5", "osis": ["Jer.1.5"]}, {"raw": "Ps.1.5", "osis": ["Ps.1.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "175", "sort_key": 175, "question": "What is the duty of Christians, after they have received the sacrament of the Lord's supper?", "answer": "The duty of Christians, after they have received the sacrament of the Lord's supper, is seriously to consider how they have behaved themselves therein, and with what success; if they find quickening and comfort, to bless God for it, beg the continuance of it, watch against relapses, fulfil their vows, and encourage themselves to a frequent attendance on that ordinance: but if they find no present benefit, more exactly to review their preparation to, and carriage at, the sacrament; in both which, if they can approve themselves to God and their own consciences, they are to wait for the fruit of it in due time: but, if they see they have failed in either, they are to be humbled, and to attend upon it afterwards with more care and diligence.", "answer_with_proofs": "The duty of Christians, after they have received the sacrament of the Lord's supper, is seriously to consider how they have behaved themselves therein, and with what success;[1] if they find quickening and comfort, to bless God for it,[2] beg the continuance of it,[3] watch against relapses,[4] fulfil their vows,[5] and encourage themselves to a frequent attendance on that ordinance:[6] but if they find no present benefit, more exactly to review their preparation to, and carriage at, the sacrament;[7] in both which, if they can approve themselves to God and their own consciences, they are to wait for the fruit of it in due time:[8] but, if they see they have failed in either, they are to be humbled,[9] and to attend upon it afterwards with more care and diligence.[10]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.28.7,Ps.85.8", "osis": ["Ps.28.7", "Ps.85.8"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.17,1Cor.11.30-1Cor.11.31", "osis": ["1Cor.11.17", "1Cor.11.30-1Cor.11.31"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Chr.30.21,2Chr.30.16", "osis": ["2Chr.30.21", "2Chr.30.16"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.42,Acts.2.46", "osis": ["Acts.2.42", "Acts.2.46"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.36.10", "osis": ["Ps.36.10"]}, {"raw": "Song.3.4", "osis": ["Song.3.4"]}, {"raw": "1Chr.29.18", "osis": ["1Chr.29.18"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.3-1Cor.10.5,1Cor.10.12", "osis": ["1Cor.10.3-1Cor.10.5", "1Cor.10.12"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.50.14", "osis": ["Ps.50.14"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.25-1Cor.11.26", "osis": ["1Cor.11.25-1Cor.11.26"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.42,Acts.2.46", "osis": ["Acts.2.42", "Acts.2.46"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Song.5.1-Song.5.6", "osis": ["Song.5.1-Song.5.6"]}, {"raw": "Eccl.5.1-Eccl.5.6", "osis": ["Eccl.5.1-Eccl.5.6"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.42.5,Ps.42.8", "osis": ["Ps.42.5", "Ps.42.8"]}, {"raw": "Ps.43.3-Ps.43.5", "osis": ["Ps.43.3-Ps.43.5"]}, {"raw": "Ps.123.1-Ps.123.2", "osis": ["Ps.123.1-Ps.123.2"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "2Chr.30.18-2Chr.30.19", "osis": ["2Chr.30.18-2Chr.30.19"]}, {"raw": "Isa.1.16,Isa.1.18", "osis": ["Isa.1.16", "Isa.1.18"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.7.11", "osis": ["2Cor.7.11"]}, {"raw": "1Chr.15.12-1Chr.15.14", "osis": ["1Chr.15.12-1Chr.15.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "176", "sort_key": 176, "question": "Wherein do the sacraments of baptism and the Lord's supper agree?", "answer": "The sacraments of baptism and the Lord's supper agree, in that the author of both is God; the spiritual part of both is Christ and his benefits; both are seals of the same covenant, are to be dispensed by ministers of the gospel, and by none other; and to be continued in the church of Christ until his second coming.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sacraments of baptism and the Lord's supper agree, in that the author of both is God;[1] the spiritual part of both is Christ and his benefits;[2] both are seals of the same covenant,[3] are to be dispensed by ministers of the gospel, and by none other;[4] and to be continued in the church of Christ until his second coming.[5]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.23", "osis": ["1Cor.11.23"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.6.3-Rom.6.4", "osis": ["Rom.6.3-Rom.6.4"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.10.16", "osis": ["1Cor.10.16"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.4.11", "osis": ["Rom.4.11"]}, {"raw": "Col.2.12", "osis": ["Col.2.12"]}, {"raw": "Matt.26.27-Matt.26.28", "osis": ["Matt.26.27-Matt.26.28"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "John.1.33", "osis": ["John.1.33"]}, {"raw": "Matt.28.19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.4.1", "osis": ["1Cor.4.1"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.23", "osis": ["1Cor.11.23"]}, {"raw": "Heb.5.4", "osis": ["Heb.5.4"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20", "osis": ["Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.11.26", "osis": ["1Cor.11.26"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "177", "sort_key": 177, "question": "Wherein do the sacraments of baptism and the Lord's supper differ?", "answer": "The sacraments of baptism and the Lord's supper differ, in that baptism is to be administered but once, with water, to be a sign and seal of our regeneration and ingrafting into Christ, and that even to infants; whereas the Lord's supper is to be administered often, in the elements of bread and wine, to represent and exhibit Christ as spiritual nourishment to the soul, and to confirm our continuance and growth in him, and that only to such as are of years and ability to examine themselves.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sacraments of baptism and the Lord's supper differ, in that baptism is to be administered but once, with water, to be a sign and seal of our regeneration and ingrafting into Christ,[1] and that even to infants;[2] whereas the Lord's supper is to be administered often, in the elements of bread and wine, to represent and exhibit Christ as spiritual nourishment to the soul,[3] and to confirm our continuance and growth in him,[4] and that only to such as are of years and ability to examine themselves.[5]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.3.11", "osis": ["Matt.3.11"]}, {"raw": "Titus.3.5", "osis": ["Titus.3.5"]}, {"raw": "Gal.3.27", "osis": ["Gal.3.27"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.17.7,Gen.17.9", "osis": ["Gen.17.7", "Gen.17.9"]}, {"raw": "Acts.2.38-Acts.2.39", "osis": ["Acts.2.38-Acts.2.39"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.7.14", "osis": ["1Cor.7.14"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.26", "osis": ["1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.26"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.16", "osis": ["1Cor.10.16"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.11.28-1Cor.11.29", "osis": ["1Cor.11.28-1Cor.11.29"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "178", "sort_key": 178, "question": "What is prayer?", "answer": "Prayer is an offering up of our desires unto God, in the name of Christ, by the help of his Spirit; with confession of our sins, and thankful acknowledgment of his mercies.", "answer_with_proofs": "Prayer is an offering up of our desires unto God,[1] in the name of Christ,[2] by the help of his Spirit;[3] with confession of our sins,[4] and thankful acknowledgment of his mercies.[5]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.62.8", "osis": ["Ps.62.8"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "John.16.23", "osis": ["John.16.23"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.26", "osis": ["Rom.8.26"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.32.5-Ps.32.6", "osis": ["Ps.32.5-Ps.32.6"]}, {"raw": "Dan.9.4", "osis": ["Dan.9.4"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.4.6", "osis": ["Phil.4.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "179", "sort_key": 179, "question": "Are we to pray unto God only?", "answer": "God only being able to search the hearts, hear the requests, pardon the sins, and fulfil the desires of all; and only to be believed in, and worshiped with religious worship; prayer, which is a special part thereof, is to be made by all to him alone, and to none other.", "answer_with_proofs": "God only being able to search the hearts,[1] hear the requests,[2] pardon the sins,[3] and fulfil the desires of all;[4] and only to be believed in,[5] and worshiped with religious worship;[6] prayer, which is a special part thereof,[7] is to be made by all to him alone,[8] and to none other.[9]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1Kgs.8.39", "osis": ["1Kgs.8.39"]}, {"raw": "Acts.1.24", "osis": ["Acts.1.24"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.27", "osis": ["Rom.8.27"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.65.2", "osis": ["Ps.65.2"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Mic.7.18", "osis": ["Mic.7.18"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.145.18-Ps.145.19", "osis": ["Ps.145.18-Ps.145.19"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.10.14", "osis": ["Rom.10.14"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.4.10", "osis": ["Matt.4.10"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.1.2", "osis": ["1Cor.1.2"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.50.15", "osis": ["Ps.50.15"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.10.14", "osis": ["Rom.10.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "180", "sort_key": 180, "question": "What is it to pray in the name of Christ?", "answer": "To pray in the name of Christ is, in obedience to his command, and in confidence on his promises, to ask mercy for his sake; not by bare mentioning of his name, but by drawing our encouragement to pray, and our boldness, strength, and hope of acceptance in prayer, from Christ and his mediation.", "answer_with_proofs": "To pray in the name of Christ is, in obedience to his command, and in confidence on his promises, to ask mercy for his sake;[1] not by bare mentioning of his name,[2] but by drawing our encouragement to pray, and our boldness, strength, and hope of acceptance in prayer, from Christ and his mediation.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.14.13-John.14.14,John.16.24", "osis": ["John.14.13-John.14.14", "John.16.24"]}, {"raw": "Dan.9.17", "osis": ["Dan.9.17"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.7.21", "osis": ["Matt.7.21"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.4.14-Heb.4.16", "osis": ["Heb.4.14-Heb.4.16"]}, {"raw": "1John.5.13-1John.5.15", "osis": ["1John.5.13-1John.5.15"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "181", "sort_key": 181, "question": "Why are we to pray in the name of Christ?", "answer": "The sinfulness of man, and his distance from God by reason thereof, being so great, as that we can have no access into his presence without a mediator; and there being none in heaven or earth appointed to, or fit for, that glorious work but Christ alone, we are to pray in no other name but his only.", "answer_with_proofs": "The sinfulness of man, and his distance from God by reason thereof, being so great, as that we can have no access into his presence without a mediator;[1] and there being none in heaven or earth appointed to, or fit for, that glorious work but Christ alone,[2] we are to pray in no other name but his only.[3]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John.14.6", "osis": ["John.14.6"]}, {"raw": "Isa.59.2", "osis": ["Isa.59.2"]}, {"raw": "Eph.3.12", "osis": ["Eph.3.12"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "John.6.27", "osis": ["John.6.27"]}, {"raw": "Heb.7.25-Heb.7.27", "osis": ["Heb.7.25-Heb.7.27"]}, {"raw": "1Tim.2.5", "osis": ["1Tim.2.5"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Col.3.17", "osis": ["Col.3.17"]}, {"raw": "Heb.13.15", "osis": ["Heb.13.15"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "182", "sort_key": 182, "question": "How doth the Spirit help us to pray?", "answer": "We not knowing: What to pray for as we ought, the Spirit helps our infirmities, by enabling us to understand both for whom, and: What, and: How prayer is to be made; and by working and quickening in our hearts (although not in all persons, nor at all times, in the same measure) those apprehensions, affections, and graces which are requisite for the right performance of that duty.", "answer_with_proofs": "We not knowing: What to pray for as we ought, the Spirit helps our infirmities, by enabling us to understand both for whom, and: What, and: How prayer is to be made; and by working and quickening in our hearts (although not in all persons, nor at all times, in the same measure) those apprehensions, affections, and graces which are requisite for the right performance of that duty.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.26-Rom.8.27", "osis": ["Rom.8.26-Rom.8.27"]}, {"raw": "Ps.10.17", "osis": ["Ps.10.17"]}, {"raw": "Zech.12.10", "osis": ["Zech.12.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "183", "sort_key": 183, "question": "For whom are we to pray?", "answer": "We are to pray for the whole church of Christ upon earth; for magistrates, and ministers; for ourselves, our brethren, yea, our enemies; and for all sorts of men living, or that shall live hereafter; but not for the dead, nor for those that are known to have sinned the sin unto death.", "answer_with_proofs": "We are to pray for the whole church of Christ upon earth;[1] for magistrates,[2] and ministers;[3] for ourselves,[4] our brethren,[5] yea, our enemies;[6] and for all sorts of men living,[7] or that shall live hereafter;[8] but not for the dead,[9] nor for those that are known to have sinned the sin unto death.[10]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.6.18", "osis": ["Eph.6.18"]}, {"raw": "Ps.28.9", "osis": ["Ps.28.9"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.2.1-1Tim.2.2", "osis": ["1Tim.2.1-1Tim.2.2"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Col.4.3", "osis": ["Col.4.3"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.32.11", "osis": ["Gen.32.11"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Jas.5.16", "osis": ["Jas.5.16"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.5.44", "osis": ["Matt.5.44"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.2.1-1Tim.2.2", "osis": ["1Tim.2.1-1Tim.2.2"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "John.17.20", "osis": ["John.17.20"]}, {"raw": "2Sam.7.29", "osis": ["2Sam.7.29"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "2Sam.12.21-2Sam.12.23", "osis": ["2Sam.12.21-2Sam.12.23"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "1John.5.16", "osis": ["1John.5.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "184", "sort_key": 184, "question": "For what things are we to pray?", "answer": "We are to pray for all things tending to the glory of God, the welfare of the church, our own  or others good; but not for anything that is unlawful.", "answer_with_proofs": "We are to pray for all things tending to the glory of God,[1] the welfare of the church,[2] our own [3] or others good;[4] but not for anything that is unlawful.[5]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.9", "osis": ["Matt.6.9"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.51.18,Ps.122.6", "osis": ["Ps.51.18", "Ps.122.6"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.7.11", "osis": ["Matt.7.11"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.125.4", "osis": ["Ps.125.4"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "1John.5.14", "osis": ["1John.5.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "185", "sort_key": 185, "question": "How are we to pray?", "answer": "We are to pray with an awful apprehension of the majesty of God, and deep sense of our own unworthiness, necessities, and sins; with penitent, thankful, and enlarged hearts; with understanding, faith, sincerity, fervency, love, and perseverance, waiting upon him, with humble submission to his will.", "answer_with_proofs": "We are to pray with an awful apprehension of the majesty of God,[1] and deep sense of our own unworthiness,[2] necessities,[3] and sins;[4] with penitent,[5] thankful,[6] and enlarged hearts;[7] with understanding,[8] faith,[9] sincerity,[10] fervency,[11] love,[12] and perseverance,[13] waiting upon him,[14] with humble submission to his will.[15]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eccl.5.1", "osis": ["Eccl.5.1"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.18.27", "osis": ["Gen.18.27"]}, {"raw": "Gen.32.10", "osis": ["Gen.32.10"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.15.17-Luke.15.19", "osis": ["Luke.15.17-Luke.15.19"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.18.13-Luke.18.14", "osis": ["Luke.18.13-Luke.18.14"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.51.17", "osis": ["Ps.51.17"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.4.6", "osis": ["Phil.4.6"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "1Sam.1.15,1Sam.2.1", "osis": ["1Sam.1.15", "1Sam.2.1"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.14.15", "osis": ["1Cor.14.15"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Mark.11.24", "osis": ["Mark.11.24"]}, {"raw": "Jas.1.6", "osis": ["Jas.1.6"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.17.1", "osis": ["Ps.17.1"]}, {"raw": "Ps.145.18", "osis": ["Ps.145.18"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Jas.5.16", "osis": ["Jas.5.16"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.2.8", "osis": ["1Tim.2.8"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.6.18", "osis": ["Eph.6.18"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "Mic.7.7", "osis": ["Mic.7.7"]}]}, {"id": 15, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.26.39", "osis": ["Matt.26.39"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "186", "sort_key": 186, "question": "What rule hath God given for our direction in the duty of prayer?", "answer": "The whole word of God is of use to direct us in the duty of prayer; but the special rule of direction is that form of prayer which our Savior Christ taught his disciples, commonly called The Lord's prayer.", "answer_with_proofs": "The whole word of God is of use to direct us in the duty of prayer;[1] but the special rule of direction is that form of prayer which our Savior Christ taught his disciples, commonly called The Lord's prayer.[2]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1John.5.14", "osis": ["1John.5.14"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.2-Matt.6.13", "osis": ["Matt.6.2-Matt.6.13"]}, {"raw": "Luke.11.2-Luke.11.4", "osis": ["Luke.11.2-Luke.11.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "187", "sort_key": 187, "question": "How is the Lord's prayer to be used?", "answer": "The Lord's prayer is not only for direction, as a pattern, according to which we are to make other prayers; but may also be used as a prayer, so that it be done with understanding, faith, reverence, and other graces necessary to the right performance of the duty of prayer.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Lord's prayer is not only for direction, as a pattern, according to which we are to make other prayers; but may also be used as a prayer, so that it be done with understanding, faith, reverence, and other graces necessary to the right performance of the duty of prayer.[1]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.9", "osis": ["Matt.6.9"]}, {"raw": "Luke.11.2", "osis": ["Luke.11.2"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "188", "sort_key": 188, "question": "Of how many parts doth the Lord's prayer consist?", "answer": "The Lord's prayer consists of three parts; a preface, petitions, and a conclusion.", "answer_with_proofs": "The Lord's prayer consists of three parts; a preface, petitions, and a conclusion.", "proofs": [], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "189", "sort_key": 189, "question": "What doth the preface of the Lord's prayer teach us?", "answer": "The preface of the Lord's prayer (contained in these words, Our Father which art in heaven,) teacheth us, when we pray, to draw near to God with confidence of his fatherly goodness, and our interest therein; with reverence, and all other childlike dispositions, heavenly affections, and due apprehensions of his sovereign power, majesty, and gracious condescension: as also, to pray with and for others.", "answer_with_proofs": "The preface of the Lord's prayer (contained in these words, Our Father which art in heaven,)[1] teacheth us, when we pray, to draw near to God with confidence of his fatherly goodness, and our interest therein;[2] with reverence, and all other childlike dispositions,[3] heavenly affections,[4] and due apprehensions of his sovereign power, majesty, and gracious condescension:[5] as also, to pray with and for others.[6]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.9", "osis": ["Matt.6.9"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.11.13", "osis": ["Luke.11.13"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.15", "osis": ["Rom.8.15"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.64.9", "osis": ["Isa.64.9"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.123.1", "osis": ["Ps.123.1"]}, {"raw": "Lam.3.41", "osis": ["Lam.3.41"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.63.15-Isa.63.16", "osis": ["Isa.63.15-Isa.63.16"]}, {"raw": "Neh.1.4-Neh.1.6", "osis": ["Neh.1.4-Neh.1.6"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.12.5", "osis": ["Acts.12.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "190", "sort_key": 190, "question": "What do we pray for in the first petition?", "answer": "In the first petition (which is, Hallowed be thy name,) acknowledging the utter inability and indisposition that is in ourselves and all men to honor God aright, pray, that God would by his grace enable and incline us and others to know, to acknowledge, and highly to esteem him, his titles, attributes, ordinances, word, works, and whatsoever he is pleased to make himself known by; and to glorify him in thought, word, and deed: that he would prevent and remove atheism, ignorance, idolatry, profaneness, and: whatsoever is dishonorable to him; and, by his overruling providence, direct and dispose of all things to his own glory.", "answer_with_proofs": "In the first petition (which is, Hallowed be thy name,)[1] acknowledging the utter inability and indisposition that is in ourselves and all men to honor God aright,[2] pray, that God would by his grace enable and incline us and others to know, to acknowledge, and highly to esteem him,[3] his titles,[4] attributes,[5] ordinances, word,[6] works, and whatsoever he is pleased to make himself known by;[7] and to glorify him in thought, word,[8] and deed:[9] that he would prevent and remove atheism,[10] ignorance,[11] idolatry,[12] profaneness,[13] and: whatsoever is dishonorable to him;[14] and, by his overruling providence, direct and dispose of all things to his own glory.[15]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.9", "osis": ["Matt.6.9"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.3.5", "osis": ["2Cor.3.5"]}, {"raw": "Ps.51.15", "osis": ["Ps.51.15"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.67.2-Ps.67.3", "osis": ["Ps.67.2-Ps.67.3"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.83.18", "osis": ["Ps.83.18"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.86.10-Ps.86.13,Ps.86.15", "osis": ["Ps.86.10-Ps.86.13", "Ps.86.15"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "2Thess.3.1", "osis": ["2Thess.3.1"]}, {"raw": "Ps.138.1-Ps.138.3", "osis": ["Ps.138.1-Ps.138.3"]}, {"raw": "Ps.147.19-Ps.147.20", "osis": ["Ps.147.19-Ps.147.20"]}, {"raw": "2Cor.2.14-2Cor.2.15", "osis": ["2Cor.2.14-2Cor.2.15"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.145", "osis": ["Ps.145"]}, {"raw": "Ps.8", "osis": ["Ps.8"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.19.14", "osis": ["Ps.19.14"]}, {"raw": "Ps.103.1", "osis": ["Ps.103.1"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.1.9,Phil.1.11", "osis": ["Phil.1.9", "Phil.1.11"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.67.1-Ps.67.4", "osis": ["Ps.67.1-Ps.67.4"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.17-Eph.1.18", "osis": ["Eph.1.17-Eph.1.18"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.97.7", "osis": ["Ps.97.7"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.74.18,Ps.74.22-Ps.74.23", "osis": ["Ps.74.18", "Ps.74.22-Ps.74.23"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "2Kgs.19.15-2Kgs.19.16", "osis": ["2Kgs.19.15-2Kgs.19.16"]}]}, {"id": 15, "references": [{"raw": "2Chr.20.6,2Chr.20.10-2Chr.20.12", "osis": ["2Chr.20.6", "2Chr.20.10-2Chr.20.12"]}, {"raw": "Ps.83", "osis": ["Ps.83"]}, {"raw": "Ps.140.4,Ps.140.8", "osis": ["Ps.140.4", "Ps.140.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "191", "sort_key": 191, "question": "What do we pray for in the second petition.?", "answer": "In the second petition (which is, Thy kingdom come,) acknowledging ourselves and all mankind to be by nature under the dominion of sin and Satan, we pray, that the kingdom of sin and Satan may be destroyed, the gospel propagated throughout the world, the Jews called, the fulness of the Gentiles brought in; the church furnished with all gospel officers and ordinances, purged from corruption, countenanced and maintained by the civil magistrate: that the ordinances of Christ may be purely dispensed, and made effectual to the converting of those that are yet in their sins, and the confirming, comforting, and building up of those that are already converted: that Christ would rule in our hearts here, and hasten the time of his second coming, and our reigning with him forever: and that he would be pleased so to exercise the kingdom of his power in all the world, as may best conduce to these ends.", "answer_with_proofs": "In the second petition (which is, Thy kingdom come,)[1] acknowledging ourselves and all mankind to be by nature under the dominion of sin and Satan,[2] we pray, that the kingdom of sin and Satan may be destroyed,[3] the gospel propagated throughout the world,[4] the Jews called,[5] the fulness of the Gentiles brought in;[6] the church furnished with all gospel officers and ordinances,[7] purged from corruption,[8] countenanced and maintained by the civil magistrate:[9] that the ordinances of Christ may be purely dispensed, and made effectual to the converting of those that are yet in their sins, and the confirming, comforting, and building up of those that are already converted:[10] that Christ would rule in our hearts here,[11] and hasten the time of his second coming, and our reigning with him forever:[12] and that he would be pleased so to exercise the kingdom of his power in all the world, as may best conduce to these ends.[13]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.10", "osis": ["Matt.6.10"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.2.2-Eph.2.3", "osis": ["Eph.2.2-Eph.2.3"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.68.1,Ps.68.18", "osis": ["Ps.68.1", "Ps.68.18"]}, {"raw": "Rev.12.10-Rev.12.11", "osis": ["Rev.12.10-Rev.12.11"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "2Thess.3.1", "osis": ["2Thess.3.1"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.10.1", "osis": ["Rom.10.1"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "John.17.9,John.17.20", "osis": ["John.17.9", "John.17.20"]}, {"raw": "Rom.11.25-Rom.11.26", "osis": ["Rom.11.25-Rom.11.26"]}, {"raw": "Ps.67", "osis": ["Ps.67"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.9.38", "osis": ["Matt.9.38"]}, {"raw": "2Thess.3.1", "osis": ["2Thess.3.1"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Mal.1.11", "osis": ["Mal.1.11"]}, {"raw": "Zeph.3.9", "osis": ["Zeph.3.9"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.2.1-1Tim.2.2", "osis": ["1Tim.2.1-1Tim.2.2"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Acts.4.29-Acts.4.30", "osis": ["Acts.4.29-Acts.4.30"]}, {"raw": "Eph.6.18-Eph.6.20", "osis": ["Eph.6.18-Eph.6.20"]}, {"raw": "Rom.15.29-Rom.15.30,Rom.15.32", "osis": ["Rom.15.29-Rom.15.30", "Rom.15.32"]}, {"raw": "2Thess.1.11", "osis": ["2Thess.1.11"]}, {"raw": "2Thess.2.16-2Thess.2.17", "osis": ["2Thess.2.16-2Thess.2.17"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.3.14-Eph.3.20", "osis": ["Eph.3.14-Eph.3.20"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Rev.22.20", "osis": ["Rev.22.20"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.64.1-Isa.64.2", "osis": ["Isa.64.1-Isa.64.2"]}, {"raw": "Rev.4.8-Rev.4.11", "osis": ["Rev.4.8-Rev.4.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "192", "sort_key": 192, "question": "What do we pray for in the third petition?", "answer": "In the third petition (which is, Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven,) acknowledging, that by nature we and all men are not only utterly unable and unwilling to know and do the will of God, but prone to rebel against his word, to repine and murmur against his providence, and wholly inclined to do the will of the flesh, and of the devil: we pray, that God would by his Spirit take away from ourselves and others all blindness, weakness, indisposedness, and perverseness of heart; and by his grace make us able and willing to know, do, and submit to his will in all things, with the like humility, cheerfulness, faithfulness, diligence, zeal, sincerity, and constancy, as the angels do in heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": "In the third petition (which is, Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven,)[1] acknowledging, that by nature we and all men are not only utterly unable and unwilling to know and do the will of God,[2] but prone to rebel against his word,[3] to repine and murmur against his providence,[4] and wholly inclined to do the will of the flesh, and of the devil:[5] we pray, that God would by his Spirit take away from ourselves and others all blindness,[6] weakness,[7] indisposedness,[8] and perverseness of heart;[9] and by his grace make us able and willing to know, do, and submit to his will in all things,[10] with the like humility,[11] cheerfulness,[12] faithfulness,[13] diligence,[14] zeal,[15] sincerity,[16] and constancy,[17] as the angels do in heaven.[18]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.10", "osis": ["Matt.6.10"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.7.18", "osis": ["Rom.7.18"]}, {"raw": "Job.21.14", "osis": ["Job.21.14"]}, {"raw": "1Cor.2.14", "osis": ["1Cor.2.14"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.8.7", "osis": ["Rom.8.7"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Exod.17.7", "osis": ["Exod.17.7"]}, {"raw": "Num.14.2", "osis": ["Num.14.2"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.2.2", "osis": ["Eph.2.2"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.17-Eph.1.18", "osis": ["Eph.1.17-Eph.1.18"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.3.16", "osis": ["Eph.3.16"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.26.40-Matt.26.41", "osis": ["Matt.26.40-Matt.26.41"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.31.18-Jer.31.19", "osis": ["Jer.31.18-Jer.31.19"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.119.1,Ps.119.8,Ps.119.35-Ps.119.36", "osis": ["Ps.119.1", "Ps.119.8", "Ps.119.35-Ps.119.36"]}, {"raw": "Acts.21.14", "osis": ["Acts.21.14"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "Mic.6.8", "osis": ["Mic.6.8"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.100.2", "osis": ["Ps.100.2"]}, {"raw": "Job.1.21", "osis": ["Job.1.21"]}, {"raw": "2Sam.15.25-2Sam.15.26", "osis": ["2Sam.15.25-2Sam.15.26"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.38.3", "osis": ["Isa.38.3"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.119.4-Ps.119.5", "osis": ["Ps.119.4-Ps.119.5"]}]}, {"id": 15, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.12.11", "osis": ["Rom.12.11"]}]}, {"id": 16, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.119.80", "osis": ["Ps.119.80"]}]}, {"id": 17, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.119.112", "osis": ["Ps.119.112"]}]}, {"id": 18, "references": [{"raw": "Isa.6.2-Isa.6.3", "osis": ["Isa.6.2-Isa.6.3"]}, {"raw": "Ps.103.20-Ps.103.21", "osis": ["Ps.103.20-Ps.103.21"]}, {"raw": "Matt.18.10", "osis": ["Matt.18.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "193", "sort_key": 193, "question": "What do we pray for in the fourth petition?", "answer": "In the fourth petition (which is, Give us this day our daily bread,) acknowledging, that in Adam, and by our own sin, we have forfeited our right to all the outward blessings of this life, and deserve to be wholly deprived of them by God, and to have them cursed to us in the use of them; and that neither they of themselves are able to sustain us, nor we to merit, or by our own industry to procure them; but prone to desire, get, and use them unlawfully: we pray for ourselves and others, that both they and we, waiting upon the providence of God from day to day in the use of lawful means, may, of his free gift, and as to his fatherly wisdom shall seem best, enjoy a competent portion of them; and have the same continued and blessed unto us in our holy and comfortable use of them, and contentment in them; and be kept from all things that are contrary to our temporal support and comfort.", "answer_with_proofs": "In the fourth petition (which is, Give us this day our daily bread,)[1] acknowledging, that in Adam, and by our own sin, we have forfeited our right to all the outward blessings of this life, and deserve to be wholly deprived of them by God, and to have them cursed to us in the use of them;[2] and that neither they of themselves are able to sustain us,[3] nor we to merit,[4] or by our own industry to procure them;[5] but prone to desire,[6] get,[7] and use them unlawfully:[8] we pray for ourselves and others, that both they and we, waiting upon the providence of God from day to day in the use of lawful means, may, of his free gift, and as to his fatherly wisdom shall seem best, enjoy a competent portion of them;[9] and have the same continued and blessed unto us in our holy and comfortable use of them,[10] and contentment in them;[11] and be kept from all things that are contrary to our temporal support and comfort.[12]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.11", "osis": ["Matt.6.11"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.2.17,Gen.3.17", "osis": ["Gen.2.17", "Gen.3.17"]}, {"raw": "Rom.8.20-Rom.8.22", "osis": ["Rom.8.20-Rom.8.22"]}, {"raw": "Jer.5.25", "osis": ["Jer.5.25"]}, {"raw": "Deut.28.15-Deut.28.68", "osis": ["Deut.28.15-Deut.28.68"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.8.3", "osis": ["Deut.8.3"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.32.10", "osis": ["Gen.32.10"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Deut.8.17-Deut.8.18", "osis": ["Deut.8.17-Deut.8.18"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Jer.6.13", "osis": ["Jer.6.13"]}, {"raw": "Mark.7.21-Mark.7.22", "osis": ["Mark.7.21-Mark.7.22"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Hos.12.7", "osis": ["Hos.12.7"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Jas.4.3", "osis": ["Jas.4.3"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Gen.28.20", "osis": ["Gen.28.20"]}, {"raw": "Gen.43.12-Gen.43.14", "osis": ["Gen.43.12-Gen.43.14"]}, {"raw": "Eph.4.28", "osis": ["Eph.4.28"]}, {"raw": "2Thess.3.11-2Thess.3.12", "osis": ["2Thess.3.11-2Thess.3.12"]}, {"raw": "Phil.4.6", "osis": ["Phil.4.6"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.4.3-1Tim.4.5", "osis": ["1Tim.4.3-1Tim.4.5"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "1Tim.6.6-1Tim.6.8", "osis": ["1Tim.6.6-1Tim.6.8"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Prov.30.8-Prov.30.9", "osis": ["Prov.30.8-Prov.30.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "194", "sort_key": 194, "question": "What do we pray for in the fifth petition?", "answer": "In the fifth petition (which is, Forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors,) acknowledging, that we and all others are guilty both of original and actual sin, and thereby become debtors to the justice of God; and that neither we, nor any other creature, can make the least satisfaction for that debt: we pray for ourselves and others, that God of his free grace would, through the obedience and satisfaction of Christ, apprehended and applied by faith, acquit us both from the guilt and punishment of sin, accept us in his Beloved; continue his favor and grace to us, pardon our daily failings, and fill us with peace and joy, in giving us daily more and more assurance of forgiveness; which we are the rather emboldened to ask, and encouraged to expect, when we have this testimony in ourselves, that we from the heart forgive others their offenses.", "answer_with_proofs": "In the fifth petition (which is, Forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors,)[1] acknowledging, that we and all others are guilty both of original and actual sin, and thereby become debtors to the justice of God; and that neither we, nor any other creature, can make the least satisfaction for that debt:[2] we pray for ourselves and others, that God of his free grace would, through the obedience and satisfaction of Christ, apprehended and applied by faith, acquit us both from the guilt and punishment of sin,[3] accept us in his Beloved;[4] continue his favor and grace to us,[5] pardon our daily failings,[6] and fill us with peace and joy, in giving us daily more and more assurance of forgiveness;[7] which we are the rather emboldened to ask, and encouraged to expect, when we have this testimony in ourselves, that we from the heart forgive others their offenses.[8]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.12", "osis": ["Matt.6.12"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.9-Rom.3.22", "osis": ["Rom.3.9-Rom.3.22"]}, {"raw": "Matt.18.24-Matt.18.25", "osis": ["Matt.18.24-Matt.18.25"]}, {"raw": "Ps.130.3-Ps.130.4", "osis": ["Ps.130.3-Ps.130.4"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.3.24-Rom.3.26", "osis": ["Rom.3.24-Rom.3.26"]}, {"raw": "Heb.9.22", "osis": ["Heb.9.22"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.1.6-Eph.1.7", "osis": ["Eph.1.6-Eph.1.7"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "2Pet.1.2", "osis": ["2Pet.1.2"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Hos.14.2", "osis": ["Hos.14.2"]}, {"raw": "Jer.14.7", "osis": ["Jer.14.7"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.15.13", "osis": ["Rom.15.13"]}, {"raw": "Ps.51.7-Ps.51.10,Ps.51.12", "osis": ["Ps.51.7-Ps.51.10", "Ps.51.12"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.11.4", "osis": ["Luke.11.4"]}, {"raw": "Matt.6.14-Matt.6.15", "osis": ["Matt.6.14-Matt.6.15"]}, {"raw": "Matt.18.35", "osis": ["Matt.18.35"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "195", "sort_key": 195, "question": "What do we pray for in the sixth petition?", "answer": "In the sixth petition (which is, And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil,) acknowledging, that the most wise, righteous, and gracious God, for divers holy and just ends, may so order things, that we may be assaulted, foiled, and for a time led captive by temptations; that Satan, the world, and the flesh, are ready powerfully to draw us aside, and ensnare us; and that we, even after the pardon of our sins, by reason of our corruption, weakness, and want of watchfulness, are not only subject to be tempted, and forward to expose ourselves unto temptations, but also of ourselves unable and unwilling to resist them, to recover out of them, and to improve them; and worthy to be left under the power of them: we pray, that God would so overrule the world and all in it, subdue the flesh, and restrain Satan, order all things, bestow and bless all means of grace, and quicken us to watchfulness in the use of them, that we and all his people may by his providence be kept from being tempted to sin; or, if tempted, that by his Spirit we may be powerfully supported and enabled to stand in the hour of temptation; or when fallen, raised again and recovered out of it, and have a sanctified use and improvement thereof: that our sanctification and salvation may be perfected, Satan trodden under our feet, and we fully freed from sin, temptation, and all evil, forever.", "answer_with_proofs": "In the sixth petition (which is, And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil,)[1] acknowledging, that the most wise, righteous, and gracious God, for divers holy and just ends, may so order things, that we may be assaulted, foiled, and for a time led captive by temptations;[2] that Satan,[3] the world,[4] and the flesh, are ready powerfully to draw us aside, and ensnare us;[5] and that we, even after the pardon of our sins, by reason of our corruption,[6] weakness, and want of watchfulness,[7] are not only subject to be tempted, and forward to expose ourselves unto temptations,[8] but also of ourselves unable and unwilling to resist them, to recover out of them, and to improve them;[9] and worthy to be left under the power of them:[10] we pray, that God would so overrule the world and all in it,[11] subdue the flesh,[12] and restrain Satan,[13] order all things,[14] bestow and bless all means of grace,[15] and quicken us to watchfulness in the use of them, that we and all his people may by his providence be kept from being tempted to sin;[16] or, if tempted, that by his Spirit we may be powerfully supported and enabled to stand in the hour of temptation;[17] or when fallen, raised again and recovered out of it,[18] and have a sanctified use and improvement thereof:[19] that our sanctification and salvation may be perfected,[20] Satan trodden under our feet,[21] and we fully freed from sin, temptation, and all evil, forever.[22]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.13", "osis": ["Matt.6.13"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "2Chr.32.31", "osis": ["2Chr.32.31"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "1Chr.21.1", "osis": ["1Chr.21.1"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Luke.21.34", "osis": ["Luke.21.34"]}, {"raw": "Mark.4.19", "osis": ["Mark.4.19"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "Jas.1.14", "osis": ["Jas.1.14"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Gal.5.17", "osis": ["Gal.5.17"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.26.41", "osis": ["Matt.26.41"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.26.69-Matt.26.72", "osis": ["Matt.26.69-Matt.26.72"]}, {"raw": "Gal.2.11-Gal.2.14", "osis": ["Gal.2.11-Gal.2.14"]}, {"raw": "2Chr.18.3", "osis": ["2Chr.18.3"]}, {"raw": "2Chr.19.2", "osis": ["2Chr.19.2"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.7.23-Rom.7.24", "osis": ["Rom.7.23-Rom.7.24"]}, {"raw": "1Chr.21.1-1Chr.21.4", "osis": ["1Chr.21.1-1Chr.21.4"]}, {"raw": "2Chr.16.7-2Chr.16.10", "osis": ["2Chr.16.7-2Chr.16.10"]}]}, {"id": 10, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.81.11-Ps.81.12", "osis": ["Ps.81.11-Ps.81.12"]}]}, {"id": 11, "references": [{"raw": "John.17.15", "osis": ["John.17.15"]}]}, {"id": 12, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.51.10", "osis": ["Ps.51.10"]}, {"raw": "Ps.119.133", "osis": ["Ps.119.133"]}]}, {"id": 13, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.12.7-2Cor.12.8", "osis": ["2Cor.12.7-2Cor.12.8"]}]}, {"id": 14, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.10.12-1Cor.10.13", "osis": ["1Cor.10.12-1Cor.10.13"]}]}, {"id": 15, "references": [{"raw": "Heb.13.20-Heb.13.21", "osis": ["Heb.13.20-Heb.13.21"]}]}, {"id": 16, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.26.41", "osis": ["Matt.26.41"]}, {"raw": "Ps.19.13", "osis": ["Ps.19.13"]}]}, {"id": 17, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.3.14-Eph.3.17", "osis": ["Eph.3.14-Eph.3.17"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.3.13", "osis": ["1Thess.3.13"]}, {"raw": "Jude.1.24", "osis": ["Jude.1.24"]}]}, {"id": 18, "references": [{"raw": "Ps.51.12", "osis": ["Ps.51.12"]}]}, {"id": 19, "references": [{"raw": "1Pet.5.8-1Pet.5.10", "osis": ["1Pet.5.8-1Pet.5.10"]}]}, {"id": 20, "references": [{"raw": "2Cor.13.7,2Cor.13.9", "osis": ["2Cor.13.7", "2Cor.13.9"]}]}, {"id": 21, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.16.20", "osis": ["Rom.16.20"]}, {"raw": "Zech.3.2", "osis": ["Zech.3.2"]}, {"raw": "Luke.22.31-Luke.22.32", "osis": ["Luke.22.31-Luke.22.32"]}]}, {"id": 22, "references": [{"raw": "John.17.15", "osis": ["John.17.15"]}, {"raw": "1Thess.5.23", "osis": ["1Thess.5.23"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Larger Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/humbleadviceofas200west/page/108/mode/2up", "document_id": "westminster-larger-catechism", "item_id": "196", "sort_key": 196, "question": "What doth the conclusion of the Lord's prayer teach us?", "answer": "The conclusion of the Lord's prayer (which is, For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, forever. Amen.), teaches us to enforce our petitions with arguments, which are to be taken, not from any worthiness in ourselves, or in any other creature, but from God; and with our prayers to join praises, ascribing to God alone eternal sovereignty, omnipotency, and glorious excellency; in regard whereof, as he is able and willing to help us, so we by faith are emboldened to plead with him that he would, and quietly to rely upon him, that he will fulfil our requests. And, to testify this our desire and assurance, we say, Amen.", "answer_with_proofs": "The conclusion of the Lord's prayer (which is, For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, forever. Amen.),[1] teaches us to enforce our petitions with arguments,[2] which are to be taken, not from any worthiness in ourselves, or in any other creature, but from God;[3] and with our prayers to join praises,[4] ascribing to God alone eternal sovereignty, omnipotency, and glorious excellency;[5] in regard whereof, as he is able and willing to help us,[6] so we by faith are emboldened to plead with him that he would,[7] and quietly to rely upon him, that he will fulfil our requests.[8] And, to testify this our desire and assurance, we say, Amen.[9]", "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt.6.13", "osis": ["Matt.6.13"]}]}, {"id": 2, "references": [{"raw": "Rom.15.30", "osis": ["Rom.15.30"]}]}, {"id": 3, "references": [{"raw": "Dan.9.4,Dan.9.7-Dan.9.9,Dan.9.16-Dan.9.19", "osis": ["Dan.9.4", "Dan.9.7-Dan.9.9", "Dan.9.16-Dan.9.19"]}]}, {"id": 4, "references": [{"raw": "Phil.4.6", "osis": ["Phil.4.6"]}]}, {"id": 5, "references": [{"raw": "1Chr.29.10-1Chr.29.13", "osis": ["1Chr.29.10-1Chr.29.13"]}]}, {"id": 6, "references": [{"raw": "Eph.3.20-Eph.3.21", "osis": ["Eph.3.20-Eph.3.21"]}, {"raw": "Luke.11.13", "osis": ["Luke.11.13"]}]}, {"id": 7, "references": [{"raw": "2Chr.20.6,2Chr.20.11", "osis": ["2Chr.20.6", "2Chr.20.11"]}]}, {"id": 8, "references": [{"raw": "2Chr.14.11", "osis": ["2Chr.14.11"]}]}, {"id": 9, "references": [{"raw": "1Cor.14.16", "osis": ["1Cor.14.16"]}, {"raw": "Rev.22.20-Rev.22.21", "osis": ["Rev.22.20-Rev.22.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "1", "sort_key": 1, "question": "What is the chief end of man?", "answer": "Man's chief end is to glorify God, and to enjoy him for ever.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1 Cor. 10:31", "osis": ["1Cor.10.31"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 11:36", "osis": ["Rom.11.36"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 73:25-28", "osis": ["Ps.73.25-Ps.73.28"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 29}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "2", "sort_key": 2, "question": "What rule hath God given to direct us how we may glorify and enjoy him?", "answer": "The Word of God, which is contained in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, is the only rule to direct us how we may glorify and enjoy him.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2 Tim. 3:16", "osis": ["2Tim.3.16"]}, {"raw": "Eph. 2:20", "osis": ["Eph.2.20"]}, {"raw": "1 John 1:3-4", "osis": ["1John.1.3-1John.1.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 56}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "3", "sort_key": 3, "question": "What do the Scriptures principally teach?", "answer": "The Scriptures principally teach what man is to believe concerning God, and what duty God requires of man.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2 Tim. 1:13", "osis": ["2Tim.1.13"]}, {"raw": "2 Tim. 3:16", "osis": ["2Tim.3.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 31}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "4", "sort_key": 4, "question": "What is God?", "answer": "God is a Spirit, infinite, eternal, and unchangeable in his being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness, and truth.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John 4:24", "osis": ["John.4.24"]}, {"raw": "Job 11:7-9", "osis": ["Job.11.7-Job.11.9"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 90:2", "osis": ["Ps.90.2"]}, {"raw": "Jas. 1:17", "osis": ["Jas.1.17"]}, {"raw": "Ex. 3:14", "osis": ["Exod.3.14"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 147:5", "osis": ["Ps.147.5"]}, {"raw": "Rev. 4:8", "osis": ["Rev.4.8"]}, {"raw": "15:4", "osis": ["Rev.15.4"]}, {"raw": "Ex. 34:6-7", "osis": ["Exod.34.6-Exod.34.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 39}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "5", "sort_key": 5, "question": "Are there more Gods than one?", "answer": "There is but one only, the living and true God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut. 6:4", "osis": ["Deut.6.4"]}, {"raw": "Jer. 10:10", "osis": ["Jer.10.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 23}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "6", "sort_key": 6, "question": "How many persons are there in the Godhead?", "answer": "There are three persons in the Godhead; the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost; and these three are one God, the same in substance, equal in power and glory.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1 John 5:7", "osis": ["1John.5.7"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 28:19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 52}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "7", "sort_key": 7, "question": "What are the decrees of God?", "answer": "The decrees of God are, his eternal purpose, according to the counsel of his will, whereby, for his own glory, he hath foreordained whatsoever comes to pass.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph. 1:4, 11", "osis": ["Eph.1.4", "Eph.1.11"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 9:22-23", "osis": ["Rom.9.22-Rom.9.23"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 48}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "8", "sort_key": 8, "question": "How doth God execute his decrees?", "answer": "God executeth his decrees in the works of creation and providence.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps. 148:8", "osis": ["Ps.148.8"]}, {"raw": "Isa. 40:26", "osis": ["Isa.40.26"]}, {"raw": "Dan. 4:35", "osis": ["Dan.4.35"]}, {"raw": "Acts 4:24-28", "osis": ["Acts.4.24-Acts.4.28"]}, {"raw": "Rev. 4:11", "osis": ["Rev.4.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 28}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "9", "sort_key": 9, "question": "What is the work of creation?", "answer": "The work of creation is, God's making all things of nothing, by the word of his power, in the space of six days, and all very good.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen. 1", "osis": ["Gen.1"]}, {"raw": "Heb. 11:3", "osis": ["Heb.11.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 44}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "10", "sort_key": 10, "question": "How did God create man?", "answer": "God created man male and female, after his own image, in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness, with dominion over the creatures.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen. 1:26-28", "osis": ["Gen.1.26-Gen.1.28"]}, {"raw": "Col. 3:10", "osis": ["Col.3.10"]}, {"raw": "Eph. 4:24", "osis": ["Eph.4.24"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 38}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "11", "sort_key": 11, "question": "What are God's works of providence?", "answer": "God's works of providence are, his most holy, wise, and powerful preserving and governing all his creatures, and all their actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps. 145:17", "osis": ["Ps.145.17"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 104:24", "osis": ["Ps.104.24"]}, {"raw": "Isa. 28:29", "osis": ["Isa.28.29"]}, {"raw": "Heb. 1:3", "osis": ["Heb.1.3"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 103:19", "osis": ["Ps.103.19"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 10:29-31", "osis": ["Matt.10.29-Matt.10.31"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 41}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "12", "sort_key": 12, "question": "What special act of providence did God exercise toward man in the estate wherein he was created?", "answer": "When God had created man, he entered into a covenant of life with him, upon condition of perfect obedience; forbidding him to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, upon pain of death.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gal. 3:12", "osis": ["Gal.3.12"]}, {"raw": "Gen. 2:17", "osis": ["Gen.2.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 66}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "13", "sort_key": 13, "question": "Did our first parents continue in the estate wherein they were created?", "answer": "Our first parents, being left to the freedom of their own will, fell from the estate wherein they were created, by sinning against God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen. 3:6-8, 13", "osis": ["Gen.3.6-Gen.3.8", "Gen.3.13"]}, {"raw": "Ecc. 7:29", "osis": ["Eccl.7.29"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 46}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "14", "sort_key": 14, "question": "What is sin?", "answer": "Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of, the law of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1 John 3:4", "osis": ["1John.3.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 26}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "15", "sort_key": 15, "question": "What was the sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created?", "answer": "The sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created, was their eating the forbidden fruit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen. 3:6, 12", "osis": ["Gen.3.6", "Gen.3.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 43}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "16", "sort_key": 16, "question": "Did all mankind fall in Adam's first transgression?", "answer": "The covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself, but for his posterity; all mankind, descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him, in his first transgression.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen. 2:16-17", "osis": ["Gen.2.16-Gen.2.17"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 5:12", "osis": ["Rom.5.12"]}, {"raw": "1 Cor. 15:21-22", "osis": ["1Cor.15.21-1Cor.15.22"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 59}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "17", "sort_key": 17, "question": "Into what estate did the fall bring mankind?", "answer": "The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom. 5:12", "osis": ["Rom.5.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 25}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "18", "sort_key": 18, "question": "Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell?", "answer": "The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam's first sin, the want of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called original sin; together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom. 5:12, 19", "osis": ["Rom.5.12", "Rom.5.19"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 5:10-20", "osis": ["Rom.5.10-Rom.5.20"]}, {"raw": "Eph. 2:1-3", "osis": ["Eph.2.1-Eph.2.3"]}, {"raw": "Jas. 1:14-15", "osis": ["Jas.1.14-Jas.1.15"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 15:19", "osis": ["Matt.15.19"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 72}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "19", "sort_key": 19, "question": "What is the misery of that estate whereinto man fell?", "answer": "All mankind by their fall lost communion with God, are under his wrath and curse, and so made liable to all miseries in this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell for ever.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen. 3:8, 10, 24", "osis": ["Gen.3.8", "Gen.3.10", "Gen.3.24"]}, {"raw": "Eph. 2:2-3", "osis": ["Eph.2.2-Eph.2.3"]}, {"raw": "Gal. 3:10", "osis": ["Gal.3.10"]}, {"raw": "Lam. 3:39", "osis": ["Lam.3.39"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 6:23", "osis": ["Rom.6.23"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 25:41, 46", "osis": ["Matt.25.41", "Matt.25.46"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 58}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "20", "sort_key": 20, "question": "Did God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery?", "answer": "God having, out of his mere good pleasure, from all eternity, elected some to everlasting life did enter into a covenant of grace, to deliver them out of the estate of sin and misery, and to bring them into an estate of salvation by a Redeemer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph. 1:4", "osis": ["Eph.1.4"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 3:20-22", "osis": ["Rom.3.20-Rom.3.22"]}, {"raw": "Gal. 3:21-22", "osis": ["Gal.3.21-Gal.3.22"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 72}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "21", "sort_key": 21, "question": "Who is the Redeemer of God's elect?", "answer": "The only Redeemer of God's elect is the Lord Jesus Christ, who, being the eternal Son of God, became man and so was, and continueth to be, God and man in two distinct natures, and one person, forever.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1 Tim. 2:5-6", "osis": ["1Tim.2.5-1Tim.2.6"]}, {"raw": "John 1:14", "osis": ["John.1.14"]}, {"raw": "Gal. 4:4", "osis": ["Gal.4.4"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 9:5", "osis": ["Rom.9.5"]}, {"raw": "Luke 1:35", "osis": ["Luke.1.35"]}, {"raw": "Col. 2:9", "osis": ["Col.2.9"]}, {"raw": "Heb. 7:24-25", "osis": ["Heb.7.24-Heb.7.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 64}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "22", "sort_key": 22, "question": "How did Christ, being the Son of God, become man?", "answer": "Christ, the Son of God, became man, by taking to himself a true body, and a reasonable soul, being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost, in the womb of the virgin Mary, and born of her yet without sin.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb. 2:14, 16", "osis": ["Heb.2.14", "Heb.2.16"]}, {"raw": "Heb. 10:5", "osis": ["Heb.10.5"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 26:38", "osis": ["Matt.26.38"]}, {"raw": "Luke 1:27, 31, 35, 42", "osis": ["Luke.1.27", "Luke.1.31", "Luke.1.35", "Luke.1.42"]}, {"raw": "Gal. 4:4", "osis": ["Gal.4.4"]}, {"raw": "Heb. 4:15", "osis": ["Heb.4.15"]}, {"raw": "Heb. 7:26", "osis": ["Heb.7.26"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 66}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "23", "sort_key": 23, "question": "What offices doth Christ execute as our Redeemer?", "answer": "Christ, as our Redeemer, executeth the offices of a prophet, of a priest, and of a king, both in his estate of humiliation and exaltation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts 3:21-22", "osis": ["Acts.3.21-Acts.3.22"]}, {"raw": "Heb. 12:25", "osis": ["Heb.12.25"]}, {"raw": "2 Cor. 13:3", "osis": ["2Cor.13.3"]}, {"raw": "Heb. 5:5-7", "osis": ["Heb.5.5-Heb.5.7"]}, {"raw": "Heb. 7:25", "osis": ["Heb.7.25"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 2:6", "osis": ["Ps.2.6"]}, {"raw": "Isa. 9:6-7", "osis": ["Isa.9.6-Isa.9.7"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 21:5", "osis": ["Matt.21.5"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 2:8-11", "osis": ["Ps.2.8-Ps.2.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 50}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "24", "sort_key": 24, "question": "How doth Christ execute the office of a prophet?", "answer": "Christ executeth the office of a prophet, in revealing to us, by his Word and Spirit the will of God for our salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John 1:18", "osis": ["John.1.18"]}, {"raw": "1 Pet. 1:10-12", "osis": ["1Pet.1.10-1Pet.1.12"]}, {"raw": "John 15:15", "osis": ["John.15.15"]}, {"raw": "John 20:31", "osis": ["John.20.31"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 42}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "25", "sort_key": 25, "question": "How doth Christ execute the office of a priest?", "answer": "Christ executeth the office of a priest, in his once offering up of himself a sacrifice to satisfy divine justice, and reconcile us to God; and in making continual intercession for us.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb. 9:14, 28", "osis": ["Heb.9.14", "Heb.9.28"]}, {"raw": "Heb. 2:17", "osis": ["Heb.2.17"]}, {"raw": "Heb. 7:24-25", "osis": ["Heb.7.24-Heb.7.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 53}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "26", "sort_key": 26, "question": "How doth Christ execute the office of a king?", "answer": "Christ executeth the office of a king, in subduing us to himself, in ruling and defending us, and in restraining and conquering all his and our enemies.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts 15:14-16", "osis": ["Acts.15.14-Acts.15.16"]}, {"raw": "Isa. 33:22", "osis": ["Isa.33.22"]}, {"raw": "Isa. 32:1-2", "osis": ["Isa.32.1-Isa.32.2"]}, {"raw": "1 Cor. 15:25", "osis": ["1Cor.15.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 50}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "27", "sort_key": 27, "question": "Wherein did Christ's humiliation consist?", "answer": "Christ's humiliation consisted in his being born, and that in a low condition, made under the law, undergoing the miseries of this life, the wrath of God, and the cursed death of the cross; in being buried, and continuing under the power of death for a time.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Luke 2:7", "osis": ["Luke.2.7"]}, {"raw": "Gal. 4:4", "osis": ["Gal.4.4"]}, {"raw": "Heb. 12:2-3", "osis": ["Heb.12.2-Heb.12.3"]}, {"raw": "Isa. 53:2-3", "osis": ["Isa.53.2-Isa.53.3"]}, {"raw": "Luke 22:44", "osis": ["Luke.22.44"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 27:46", "osis": ["Matt.27.46"]}, {"raw": "Phil. 2:8", "osis": ["Phil.2.8"]}, {"raw": "1 Cor. 15:3-4", "osis": ["1Cor.15.3-1Cor.15.4"]}, {"raw": "Acts 2:24-27, 31", "osis": ["Acts.2.24-Acts.2.27", "Acts.2.31"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 69}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "28", "sort_key": 28, "question": "Wherein consisteth Christ's exaltation?", "answer": "Christ's exaltation consisteth in his rising again from the dead on the third day, in ascending up into heaven, in sitting at the right hand of God the Father, and in coming to judge the world at the last day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1 Cor. 15:4", "osis": ["1Cor.15.4"]}, {"raw": "Mark 16:19", "osis": ["Mark.16.19"]}, {"raw": "Eph. 1:20", "osis": ["Eph.1.20"]}, {"raw": "Acts 1:11", "osis": ["Acts.1.11"]}, {"raw": "Acts 17:31", "osis": ["Acts.17.31"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 62}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "29", "sort_key": 29, "question": "How are we made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ?", "answer": "We are made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ, by the effectual application of it to us by his Holy Spirit.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "John 1:11-12", "osis": ["John.1.11-John.1.12"]}, {"raw": "Titus 3:5-6", "osis": ["Titus.3.5-Titus.3.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 43}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "30", "sort_key": 30, "question": "How doth the Spirit apply to us the redemption purchased by Christ?", "answer": "The Spirit applieth to us the redemption purchased by Christ, by working faith in us, and thereby uniting us to Christ in our effectual calling.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph. 1:13-14", "osis": ["Eph.1.13-Eph.1.14"]}, {"raw": "John 6:37, 39", "osis": ["John.6.37", "John.6.39"]}, {"raw": "Eph. 2:8", "osis": ["Eph.2.8"]}, {"raw": "Eph. 3:17", "osis": ["Eph.3.17"]}, {"raw": "1 Cor. 1:9", "osis": ["1Cor.1.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 50}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "31", "sort_key": 31, "question": "What is effectual calling?", "answer": "Effectual calling is the work of God's Spirit, whereby, convincing us of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, he doth persuade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ, freely offered to us in the gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2 Tim. 1:9", "osis": ["2Tim.1.9"]}, {"raw": "2 Thess. 2:13-14", "osis": ["2Thess.2.13-2Thess.2.14"]}, {"raw": "Acts 2:37", "osis": ["Acts.2.37"]}, {"raw": "Acts 26:18", "osis": ["Acts.26.18"]}, {"raw": "Ezek. 36:26-27", "osis": ["Ezek.36.26-Ezek.36.27"]}, {"raw": "John 6:44-45", "osis": ["John.6.44-John.6.45"]}, {"raw": "Phil. 2:13", "osis": ["Phil.2.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 68}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "32", "sort_key": 32, "question": "What benefits do they that are effectually called partake of in this life?", "answer": "They that are effectually called do in this life partake of justification, adoption, and sanctification, and the several benefits which in this life do either accompany or flow from them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom. 8:30", "osis": ["Rom.8.30"]}, {"raw": "Eph. 1:5", "osis": ["Eph.1.5"]}, {"raw": "1 Cor. 1:26, 30", "osis": ["1Cor.1.26", "1Cor.1.30"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 57}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "33", "sort_key": 33, "question": "What is justification?", "answer": "Justification is an act of God's free grace, wherein he pardoneth all our sins, and accepteth us as righteous in his sight, only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us, and received by faith alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom. 3:24-25", "osis": ["Rom.3.24-Rom.3.25"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 4:6-8", "osis": ["Rom.4.6-Rom.4.8"]}, {"raw": "2 Cor. 5:19, 21", "osis": ["2Cor.5.19", "2Cor.5.21"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 5:17-19", "osis": ["Rom.5.17-Rom.5.19"]}, {"raw": "Gal. 2:16", "osis": ["Gal.2.16"]}, {"raw": "Phil. 3:9", "osis": ["Phil.3.9"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 54}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "34", "sort_key": 34, "question": "What is adoption?", "answer": "Adoption is an act of God's free grace, whereby we are received into the number, and have a right to all the privileges, of the sons of God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1 John 3:1", "osis": ["1John.3.1"]}, {"raw": "John 1:12", "osis": ["John.1.12"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 8:17", "osis": ["Rom.8.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 41}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "35", "sort_key": 35, "question": "What is sanctification?", "answer": "Sanctification is the work of God's free grace, whereby we are renewed in the whole man after the image of God, and are enabled more and more to die unto sin, and live unto righteousness.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "2 Thess. 2:13", "osis": ["2Thess.2.13"]}, {"raw": "Eph. 4:23-24", "osis": ["Eph.4.23-Eph.4.24"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 6:4, 6", "osis": ["Rom.6.4", "Rom.6.6"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 8:1", "osis": ["Rom.8.1"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 50}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "36", "sort_key": 36, "question": "What are the benefits which in this life do accompany or flow from justification, adoption, and sanctification?", "answer": "The benefits which in this life do accompany or flow from justification, adoption, and sanctification, are, assurance of God's love, peace of conscience, joy in the Holy Ghost, increase of grace, and perseverance therein to the end.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom. 5:1-2, 5", "osis": ["Rom.5.1-Rom.5.2", "Rom.5.5"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 14:17", "osis": ["Rom.14.17"]}, {"raw": "Prov. 4:18", "osis": ["Prov.4.18"]}, {"raw": "1 John 5:13", "osis": ["1John.5.13"]}, {"raw": "1 Pet. 1:5", "osis": ["1Pet.1.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 73}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "37", "sort_key": 37, "question": "What benefits do believers receive from Christ at death?", "answer": "The souls of believers are at their death made perfect in holiness, and do immediately pass into glory; and their bodies, being still united to Christ, do rest in their graves till the resurrection.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb. 12:23", "osis": ["Heb.12.23"]}, {"raw": "2 Cor. 5:1, 6, 8", "osis": ["2Cor.5.1", "2Cor.5.6", "2Cor.5.8"]}, {"raw": "Phil. 1:23", "osis": ["Phil.1.23"]}, {"raw": "Luke 23:43", "osis": ["Luke.23.43"]}, {"raw": "1 Thess. 4:14", "osis": ["1Thess.4.14"]}, {"raw": "Isa. 57:2", "osis": ["Isa.57.2"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 54}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "38", "sort_key": 38, "question": "What benefits do believers receive from Christ at the resurrection?", "answer": "At the resurrection, believers being raised up in glory, shall be openly acknowledged and acquitted in the day of judgment, and made perfectly blessed in the full enjoying of God to all eternity.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1 Cor. 15:43", "osis": ["1Cor.15.43"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 25:23", "osis": ["Matt.25.23"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 10:32", "osis": ["Matt.10.32"]}, {"raw": "1 John 3:2", "osis": ["1John.3.2"]}, {"raw": "1 Cor. 13:12", "osis": ["1Cor.13.12"]}, {"raw": "1 Thess. 4:17-18", "osis": ["1Thess.4.17-1Thess.4.18"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 52}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "39", "sort_key": 39, "question": "What is the duty which God requireth of man?", "answer": "The duty which God requireth of man, is obedience to his revealed will.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Mic. 6:8", "osis": ["Mic.6.8"]}, {"raw": "1 Sam. 15:22", "osis": ["1Sam.15.22"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 31}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "40", "sort_key": 40, "question": "What did God at first reveal to man for the rule of his obedience?", "answer": "The rule which God at first revealed to man for his obedience, was the moral law.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Rom. 2:14-15", "osis": ["Rom.2.14-Rom.2.15"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 10:5", "osis": ["Rom.10.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 37}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "41", "sort_key": 41, "question": "Wherein is the moral law summarily comprehended?", "answer": "The moral law is summarily comprehended in the ten commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut. 10:4", "osis": ["Deut.10.4"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 19:17", "osis": ["Matt.19.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 29}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "42", "sort_key": 42, "question": "What is the sum of the ten commandments?", "answer": "The sum of the ten commandments is, To love the Lord our God with all our heart, with all our soul, with all our strength, and with all our mind; and our neighbour as ourselves.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt. 22:37-40", "osis": ["Matt.22.37-Matt.22.40"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 56}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "43", "sort_key": 43, "question": "What is the preface to the ten commandments?", "answer": "The preface to the ten commandments is in these words, I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ex. 20:2", "osis": ["Exod.20.2"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 53}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "44", "sort_key": 44, "question": "What doth the preface to the ten commandments teach us?", "answer": "The preface to the ten commandments teacheth us, That because God is the Lord, and our God, and Redeemer, therefore we are bound to keep all his commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Luke 1:74-75", "osis": ["Luke.1.74-Luke.1.75"]}, {"raw": "1 Pet. 1:15-19", "osis": ["1Pet.1.15-1Pet.1.19"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 56}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "45", "sort_key": 45, "question": "Which is the first commandment?", "answer": "The first commandment is, Thou shalt have no other gods before me.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ex. 20:3", "osis": ["Exod.20.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 26}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "46", "sort_key": 46, "question": "What is required in the first commandment?", "answer": "The first commandment requireth us to know and acknowledge God to be the only true God, and our God; and to worship and glorify him accordingly.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1 Chr 28:9", "osis": ["1Chr.28.9"]}, {"raw": "Deut. 26:17", "osis": ["Deut.26.17"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 4:10", "osis": ["Matt.4.10"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 29:2", "osis": ["Ps.29.2"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 45}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "47", "sort_key": 47, "question": "What is forbidden in the first commandment?", "answer": "The first commandment forbiddeth the denying, or not worshipping and glorifying the true God as God, and our God; and the giving of that worship and glory to any other, which is due to him alone.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps. 14:1", "osis": ["Ps.14.1"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 1:21", "osis": ["Rom.1.21"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 81:10-11", "osis": ["Ps.81.10-Ps.81.11"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 1:25-26", "osis": ["Rom.1.25-Rom.1.26"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 59}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "48", "sort_key": 48, "question": "What are we specially taught by these words, 'before me', in the first commandment?", "answer": "These words, before me, in the first commandment teach us, that God, who seeth all things, taketh notice of, and is much displeased with, the sin of having any other God.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek. 8:5-18", "osis": ["Ezek.8.5-Ezek.8.18"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 44:20-21", "osis": ["Ps.44.20-Ps.44.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 66}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "49", "sort_key": 49, "question": "Which is the second commandment?", "answer": "The second commandment is, Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: thou shalt not bow down thy self to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ex. 20:4-6", "osis": ["Exod.20.4-Exod.20.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 122}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "50", "sort_key": 50, "question": "What is required in the second commandment?", "answer": "The second commandment requireth the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire, all such religious worship and ordinances as God hath appointed in his Word.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut. 32:46", "osis": ["Deut.32.46"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 28:20", "osis": ["Matt.28.20"]}, {"raw": "Acts 2:42", "osis": ["Acts.2.42"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 44}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "51", "sort_key": 51, "question": "What is forbidden in the second commandment?", "answer": "The second commandment forbiddeth the worshipping of God by images, or any other way not appointed in his Word.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut. 4:15-19", "osis": ["Deut.4.15-Deut.4.19"]}, {"raw": "Ex. 32:5, 8", "osis": ["Exod.32.5", "Exod.32.8"]}, {"raw": "Deut. 12:31-32", "osis": ["Deut.12.31-Deut.12.32"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 38}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "52", "sort_key": 52, "question": "What are the reasons annexed to the second commandment?", "answer": "The reasons annexed to the second commandment are, God's sovereignty over us, his propriety in us, and the zeal he hath to his own worship.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps. 95:2-3, 6", "osis": ["Ps.95.2-Ps.95.3", "Ps.95.6"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 45:11", "osis": ["Ps.45.11"]}, {"raw": "Ex. 34:13-14", "osis": ["Exod.34.13-Exod.34.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 49}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "53", "sort_key": 53, "question": "Which is the third commandment?", "answer": "The third commandment is, Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ex. 20:7", "osis": ["Exod.20.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 48}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "54", "sort_key": 54, "question": "What is required in the third commandment?", "answer": "The third commandment requireth the holy and reverend use of God's names, titles, attributes, ordinances, Word, and works.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt. 6:9", "osis": ["Matt.6.9"]}, {"raw": "Deut. 28:58", "osis": ["Deut.28.58"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 68:4", "osis": ["Ps.68.4"]}, {"raw": "Rev. 15:3-4", "osis": ["Rev.15.3-Rev.15.4"]}, {"raw": "Mal. 1:11, 14", "osis": ["Mal.1.11", "Mal.1.14"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 138:1-2", "osis": ["Ps.138.1-Ps.138.2"]}, {"raw": "Job 36:24", "osis": ["Job.36.24"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 41}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "55", "sort_key": 55, "question": "What is forbidden in the third commandment?", "answer": "The third commandment forbiddeth all profaning or abusing of anything whereby God maketh himself known.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Mal. 1:6-7, 12", "osis": ["Mal.1.6-Mal.1.7", "Mal.1.12"]}, {"raw": "Mal. 2:2", "osis": ["Mal.2.2"]}, {"raw": "Mal. 3:14", "osis": ["Mal.3.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 34}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "56", "sort_key": 56, "question": "What is the reason annexed to the third commandment?", "answer": "The reason annexed to the third commandment is, that however the breakers of this commandment may escape punishment from men, yet the Lord our God will not suffer them to escape his righteous judgment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1 Sam. 2:12, 17, 22, 29", "osis": ["1Sam.2.12", "1Sam.2.17", "1Sam.2.22", "1Sam.2.29"]}, {"raw": "1 Sam. 3:13", "osis": ["1Sam.3.13"]}, {"raw": "Deut. 28:58-59", "osis": ["Deut.28.58-Deut.28.59"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 57}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "57", "sort_key": 57, "question": "Which is the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The fourth commandment is, Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy work; but the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates. For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ex. 20:8-11", "osis": ["Exod.20.8-Exod.20.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 143}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "58", "sort_key": 58, "question": "What is required in the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The fourth commandment requireth the keeping holy to God such set times as he hath appointed in his Word; expressly one whole day in seven, to be a holy sabbath to himself.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut. 5:12-14", "osis": ["Deut.5.12-Deut.5.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 52}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "59", "sort_key": 59, "question": "Which day of the seven hath God appointed to be the weekly sabbath?", "answer": "From the beginning of the world to the resurrection of Christ, God appointed the seventh day of the week to be the weekly sabbath; and the first day of the week ever since, to continue to the end of the world, which is the Christian sabbath.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen. 2:2-3", "osis": ["Gen.2.2-Gen.2.3"]}, {"raw": "1 Cor. 16:1-2", "osis": ["1Cor.16.1-1Cor.16.2"]}, {"raw": "Acts 20:7", "osis": ["Acts.20.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 75}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "60", "sort_key": 60, "question": "How is the sabbath to be sanctified?", "answer": "The sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy resting all that day, even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other days; and spending the whole time in the public and private exercises of God's worship, except so much as is to be taken up in the works of necessity and mercy.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ex. 20:8, 10", "osis": ["Exod.20.8", "Exod.20.10"]}, {"raw": "Ex. 16:25-28", "osis": ["Exod.16.25-Exod.16.28"]}, {"raw": "Neh. 13:15-19, 21-22", "osis": ["Neh.13.15-Neh.13.19", "Neh.13.21-Neh.13.22"]}, {"raw": "Luke 4:16", "osis": ["Luke.4.16"]}, {"raw": "Acts 20:7", "osis": ["Acts.20.7"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 92", "osis": ["Ps.92"]}, {"raw": "Isa. 66:23", "osis": ["Isa.66.23"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 12:1-13", "osis": ["Matt.12.1-Matt.12.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 81}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "61", "sort_key": 61, "question": "What is forbidden in the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The fourth commandment forbiddeth the omission or careless performance of the duties required, and the profaning the day by idleness, or doing that which is in itself sinful, or by unnecessary thoughts, words, or works, about our worldly employments or recreations.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek. 22:26", "osis": ["Ezek.22.26"]}, {"raw": "Amos 8:5", "osis": ["Amos.8.5"]}, {"raw": "Mal. 1:13", "osis": ["Mal.1.13"]}, {"raw": "Acts 20:7, 9", "osis": ["Acts.20.7", "Acts.20.9"]}, {"raw": "Ezek. 23:38", "osis": ["Ezek.23.38"]}, {"raw": "Jer. 17:24-26", "osis": ["Jer.17.24-Jer.17.26"]}, {"raw": "Isa. 58:13", "osis": ["Isa.58.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 68}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "62", "sort_key": 62, "question": "What are the reasons annexed to the fourth commandment?", "answer": "The reasons annexed to the fourth commandment are, God's allowing us six days of the week for our own employments, his challenging a special propriety in the seventh, his own example, and his blessing the sabbath day.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ex. 20:9, 11", "osis": ["Exod.20.9", "Exod.20.11"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 65}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "63", "sort_key": 63, "question": "Which is the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The fifth commandment is, Honour thy father and thy mother; that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ex. 20:12", "osis": ["Exod.20.12"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 43}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "64", "sort_key": 64, "question": "What is required in the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The fifth commandment requireth the preserving the honor, and performing the duties, belonging to everyone in their several places and relations, as superiors, inferiors, or equals.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph. 5:21", "osis": ["Eph.5.21"]}, {"raw": "1 Pet. 2:17", "osis": ["1Pet.2.17"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 12:10", "osis": ["Rom.12.10"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 49}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "65", "sort_key": 65, "question": "What is forbidden in the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The fifth commandment forbiddeth the neglecting of, or doing anything against, the honor and duty which belongeth to everyone in their several places and relations.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt. 15:4-6", "osis": ["Matt.15.4-Matt.15.6"]}, {"raw": "Ezek. 34:2-4", "osis": ["Ezek.34.2-Ezek.34.4"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 13:8", "osis": ["Rom.13.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 48}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "66", "sort_key": 66, "question": "What is the reason annexed to the fifth commandment?", "answer": "The reason annexed to the fifth commandment is, a promise of long life and prosperity (as far as it shall serve for God's glory and their own good) to all such as keep this commandment.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Deut. 5:16", "osis": ["Deut.5.16"]}, {"raw": "Eph. 6:2-3", "osis": ["Eph.6.2-Eph.6.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 59}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "67", "sort_key": 67, "question": "Which is the sixth commandment?", "answer": "The sixth commandment is, Thou shalt not kill.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ex. 20:13", "osis": ["Exod.20.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 22}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "68", "sort_key": 68, "question": "What is required in the sixth commandment?", "answer": "The sixth commandment requireth all lawful endeavors to preserve our own life, and the life of others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph. 5:28-29", "osis": ["Eph.5.28-Eph.5.29"]}, {"raw": "1 Kings 18:4", "osis": ["1Kgs.18.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 34}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "69", "sort_key": 69, "question": "What is forbidden in the sixth commandment?", "answer": "The sixth commandment forbiddeth the taking away of our own life, or the life of our neighbour, unjustly, or whatsoever tendeth thereunto.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts 16:28", "osis": ["Acts.16.28"]}, {"raw": "Gen. 9:6", "osis": ["Gen.9.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 45}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "70", "sort_key": 70, "question": "Which is the seventh commandment?", "answer": "The seventh commandment is, Thou shalt not commit adultery.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ex. 20:14", "osis": ["Exod.20.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 23}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "71", "sort_key": 71, "question": "What is required in the seventh commandment?", "answer": "The seventh commandment requireth the preservation of our own and our neighbour's chastity, in heart, speech, and behavior.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1 Cor. 7:2-3, 5, 34, 36", "osis": ["1Cor.7.2-1Cor.7.3", "1Cor.7.5", "1Cor.7.34", "1Cor.7.36"]}, {"raw": "Col. 4:6", "osis": ["Col.4.6"]}, {"raw": "1 Pet. 3:2", "osis": ["1Pet.3.2"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 39}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "72", "sort_key": 72, "question": "What is forbidden in the seventh commandment?", "answer": "The seventh commandment forbiddeth all unchaste thoughts, words, and actions.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt. 15:19", "osis": ["Matt.15.19"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 5:28", "osis": ["Matt.5.28"]}, {"raw": "Eph. 5:3-4", "osis": ["Eph.5.3-Eph.5.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 31}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "73", "sort_key": 73, "question": "Which is the eighth commandment?", "answer": "The eighth commandment is, Thou shalt not steal.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ex. 20:15", "osis": ["Exod.20.15"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 22}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "74", "sort_key": 74, "question": "What is required in the eighth commandment?", "answer": "The eighth commandment requireth the lawful procuring and furthering the wealth and outward estate of ourselves and others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen. 30:30", "osis": ["Gen.30.30"]}, {"raw": "1 Tim. 5:8", "osis": ["1Tim.5.8"]}, {"raw": "Lev. 25:35", "osis": ["Lev.25.35"]}, {"raw": "Deut. 22:1-5", "osis": ["Deut.22.1-Deut.22.5"]}, {"raw": "Ex. 23:4-5", "osis": ["Exod.23.4-Exod.23.5"]}, {"raw": "Gen. 47:14, 20", "osis": ["Gen.47.14", "Gen.47.20"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 36}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "75", "sort_key": 75, "question": "What is forbidden in the eighth commandment?", "answer": "The eighth commandment forbiddeth whatsoever doth, or may, unjustly hinder our own, or our neighbour's, wealth or outward estate.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Prov. 21:17", "osis": ["Prov.21.17"]}, {"raw": "Prov. 23:20-21", "osis": ["Prov.23.20-Prov.23.21"]}, {"raw": "Prov. 28:19", "osis": ["Prov.28.19"]}, {"raw": "Eph. 4:28", "osis": ["Eph.4.28"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 43}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "76", "sort_key": 76, "question": "Which is the ninth commandment?", "answer": "The ninth commandment is, Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ex. 20:16", "osis": ["Exod.20.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 27}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "77", "sort_key": 77, "question": "What is required in the ninth commandment?", "answer": "The ninth commandment requireth the maintaining and promoting of truth between man and man, and of our own and our neighbour's good name, especially in witness bearing.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Zech. 8:16", "osis": ["Zech.8.16"]}, {"raw": "3 John 1:12", "osis": ["3John.1.12"]}, {"raw": "Prov. 14:5, 25", "osis": ["Prov.14.5", "Prov.14.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 46}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "78", "sort_key": 78, "question": "What is forbidden in the ninth commandment?", "answer": "The ninth commandment forbiddeth whatsoever is prejudicial to truth, or injurious to our own, or our neighbour's, good name.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1 Sam. 17:28", "osis": ["1Sam.17.28"]}, {"raw": "Lev. 19:16", "osis": ["Lev.19.16"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 15:3", "osis": ["Ps.15.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 42}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "79", "sort_key": 79, "question": "Which is the tenth commandment?", "answer": "The tenth commandment is, Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor anything that is thy neighbour's.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ex. 20:17", "osis": ["Exod.20.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 66}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "80", "sort_key": 80, "question": "What is required in the tenth commandment?", "answer": "The tenth commandment requireth full contentment with our own condition, with a right and charitable frame of spirit toward our neighbour, and all that is his.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb. 13:5", "osis": ["Heb.13.5"]}, {"raw": "1 Tim. 6:6", "osis": ["1Tim.6.6"]}, {"raw": "Job 31:29", "osis": ["Job.31.29"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 12:15", "osis": ["Rom.12.15"]}, {"raw": "1 Tim. 1:5", "osis": ["1Tim.1.5"]}, {"raw": "1 Cor. 13:4-7", "osis": ["1Cor.13.4-1Cor.13.7"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 45}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "81", "sort_key": 81, "question": "What is forbidden in the tenth commandment?", "answer": "The tenth commandment forbiddeth all discontentment with our own estate, envying or grieving at the good of our neighbour, and all inordinate motions and affections to anything that is his.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1 Kings 21:4", "osis": ["1Kgs.21.4"]}, {"raw": "Esther 5:13", "osis": ["Esth.5.13"]}, {"raw": "1 Cor. 10:10", "osis": ["1Cor.10.10"]}, {"raw": "Gal. 5:26", "osis": ["Gal.5.26"]}, {"raw": "Jas. 3:14, 16", "osis": ["Jas.3.14", "Jas.3.16"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 7:7-8", "osis": ["Rom.7.7-Rom.7.8"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 13:9", "osis": ["Rom.13.9"]}, {"raw": "Deut. 5:21", "osis": ["Deut.5.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 53}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "82", "sort_key": 82, "question": "Is any man able perfectly to keep the commandments of God?", "answer": "No mere man, since the fall, is able in this life perfectly to keep the commandments of God, but doth daily break them in thought, word, and deed.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ecc. 7:20", "osis": ["Eccl.7.20"]}, {"raw": "1 John 1:8, 10", "osis": ["1John.1.8", "1John.1.10"]}, {"raw": "Gal. 5:17", "osis": ["Gal.5.17"]}, {"raw": "Gen. 6:5", "osis": ["Gen.6.5"]}, {"raw": "Gen. 8:21", "osis": ["Gen.8.21"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 3:9-21", "osis": ["Rom.3.9-Rom.3.21"]}, {"raw": "Jas. 3:2-13", "osis": ["Jas.3.2-Jas.3.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 53}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "83", "sort_key": 83, "question": "Are all transgressions of the law equally heinous?", "answer": "Some sins in themselves, and by reason of several aggravations, are more heinous in the sight of God than others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ezek. 8:6, 13, 15", "osis": ["Ezek.8.6", "Ezek.8.13", "Ezek.8.15"]}, {"raw": "1 John 5:16", "osis": ["1John.5.16"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 78:17, 32, 56", "osis": ["Ps.78.17", "Ps.78.32", "Ps.78.56"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 41}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "84", "sort_key": 84, "question": "What doth every sin deserve?", "answer": "Every sin deserveth God's wrath and curse, both in this life, and that which is to come.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Eph. 5:6", "osis": ["Eph.5.6"]}, {"raw": "Gal. 3:10", "osis": ["Gal.3.10"]}, {"raw": "Lam. 3:39", "osis": ["Lam.3.39"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 25:41", "osis": ["Matt.25.41"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 34}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "85", "sort_key": 85, "question": "What doth God require of us, that we may escape his wrath and curse, due to us for sin?", "answer": "To escape the wrath and curse of God, due to us for sin, God requireth of us faith in Jesus Christ, repentance unto life, with the diligent use of all the outward means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts 20:21", "osis": ["Acts.20.21"]}, {"raw": "Prov. 2:1-5", "osis": ["Prov.2.1-Prov.2.5"]}, {"raw": "Prov. 8:33-36", "osis": ["Prov.8.33-Prov.8.36"]}, {"raw": "Isa. 55:3", "osis": ["Isa.55.3"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 78}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "86", "sort_key": 86, "question": "What is faith in Jesus Christ?", "answer": "Faith in Jesus Christ is a saving grace, whereby we receive and rest upon him alone for salvation, as he is offered to us in the gospel.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Heb. 10:39", "osis": ["Heb.10.39"]}, {"raw": "John 1:12", "osis": ["John.1.12"]}, {"raw": "Isa. 26:3-4", "osis": ["Isa.26.3-Isa.26.4"]}, {"raw": "Phil. 3:9", "osis": ["Phil.3.9"]}, {"raw": "Gal. 2:16", "osis": ["Gal.2.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 41}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "87", "sort_key": 87, "question": "What is repentance unto life?", "answer": "Repentance unto life is a saving grace, whereby a sinner, out of a true sense of his sin, and apprehension of the mercy of God in Christ, doth, with grief and hatred of his sin, turn from it unto God, with full purpose of, and endeavour after, new obedience.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts 11:18", "osis": ["Acts.11.18"]}, {"raw": "Acts 2:37-38", "osis": ["Acts.2.37-Acts.2.38"]}, {"raw": "Joel 2:12", "osis": ["Joel.2.12"]}, {"raw": "Jer. 3:22", "osis": ["Jer.3.22"]}, {"raw": "Jer. 31:18-19", "osis": ["Jer.31.18-Jer.31.19"]}, {"raw": "Ezek. 36:31", "osis": ["Ezek.36.31"]}, {"raw": "2 Cor. 7:11", "osis": ["2Cor.7.11"]}, {"raw": "Isa. 1:16-17", "osis": ["Isa.1.16-Isa.1.17"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 75}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "88", "sort_key": 88, "question": "What are the outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption?", "answer": "The outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption are, his ordinances, especially the Word, sacraments, and prayer; all which are made effectual to the elect for salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt. 28:19-20", "osis": ["Matt.28.19-Matt.28.20"]}, {"raw": "Acts 2:42, 46-47", "osis": ["Acts.2.42", "Acts.2.46-Acts.2.47"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 66}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "89", "sort_key": 89, "question": "How is the Word made effectual to salvation?", "answer": "The Spirit of God maketh the reading, but especially the preaching of the Word, an effectual means of convincing and converting sinners, and of building them up in holiness and comfort, through faith, unto salvation.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Neh. 8:8", "osis": ["Neh.8.8"]}, {"raw": "1 Cor. 14:24-25", "osis": ["1Cor.14.24-1Cor.14.25"]}, {"raw": "Acts 26:18", "osis": ["Acts.26.18"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 19:8", "osis": ["Ps.19.8"]}, {"raw": "Acts 20:32", "osis": ["Acts.20.32"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 15:4", "osis": ["Rom.15.4"]}, {"raw": "2 Tim. 3:15-17", "osis": ["2Tim.3.15-2Tim.3.17"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 10:13-17", "osis": ["Rom.10.13-Rom.10.17"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 1:16", "osis": ["Rom.1.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 59}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "90", "sort_key": 90, "question": "How is the Word to be read and heard, that it may become effectual to salvation?", "answer": "That the Word may become effectual to salvation, we must attend thereunto with diligence, preparation, and prayer; receive it with faith and love, lay it up in our hearts, and practice it in our lives.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Prov. 8:34", "osis": ["Prov.8.34"]}, {"raw": "1 Pet. 2:1-2", "osis": ["1Pet.2.1-1Pet.2.2"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 119:18", "osis": ["Ps.119.18"]}, {"raw": "Heb. 4:2", "osis": ["Heb.4.2"]}, {"raw": "2 Thess. 2:10", "osis": ["2Thess.2.10"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 119:11", "osis": ["Ps.119.11"]}, {"raw": "Luke 8:15", "osis": ["Luke.8.15"]}, {"raw": "Jas. 1:25", "osis": ["Jas.1.25"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 67}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "91", "sort_key": 91, "question": "How do the sacraments become effectual means of salvation?", "answer": "The sacraments become effectual means of salvation, not from any virtue in them, or in him that doth administer them; but only by the blessing of Christ, and the working of his Spirit in them that by faith receive them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1 Pet. 3:21", "osis": ["1Pet.3.21"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 3:11", "osis": ["Matt.3.11"]}, {"raw": "1 Cor. 3:6-7", "osis": ["1Cor.3.6-1Cor.3.7"]}, {"raw": "1 Cor. 12:13", "osis": ["1Cor.12.13"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 64}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "92", "sort_key": 92, "question": "What is a sacrament?", "answer": "A sacrament is an holy ordinance instituted by Christ; wherein, by sensible signs, Christ, and the benefits of the new covenant, are represented, sealed, and applied to believers.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Gen. 17:7, 10", "osis": ["Gen.17.7", "Gen.17.10"]}, {"raw": "Ex. 12", "osis": ["Exod.12"]}, {"raw": "1 Cor. 11:23, 26", "osis": ["1Cor.11.23", "1Cor.11.26"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 47}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "93", "sort_key": 93, "question": "Which are the sacraments of the New Testament?", "answer": "The sacraments of the New Testament are, Baptism, and the Lord's Supper.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt. 28:19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 26:26-28", "osis": ["Matt.26.26-Matt.26.28"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 33}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "94", "sort_key": 94, "question": "What is Baptism?", "answer": "Baptism is a sacrament, wherein the washing with water in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, doth signify and seal our ingrafting into Christ, and partaking of the benefits of the covenant of grace, and our engagement to be the Lord's.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt. 28:19", "osis": ["Matt.28.19"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 6:4", "osis": ["Rom.6.4"]}, {"raw": "Gal. 3:27", "osis": ["Gal.3.27"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 72}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "95", "sort_key": 95, "question": "To whom is Baptism to be administered?", "answer": "Baptism is not to be administered to any that are out of the visible church, till they profess their faith in Christ, and obedience to him; but the infants of such as are members of the visible church are to be baptized.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Acts 8:36-37", "osis": ["Acts.8.36-Acts.8.37"]}, {"raw": "Acts 2:38-39", "osis": ["Acts.2.38-Acts.2.39"]}, {"raw": "Gen. 17:10", "osis": ["Gen.17.10"]}, {"raw": "Col. 2:11-12", "osis": ["Col.2.11-Col.2.12"]}, {"raw": "1 Cor. 7:14", "osis": ["1Cor.7.14"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 60}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "96", "sort_key": 96, "question": "What is the Lord's Supper?", "answer": "The Lord's Supper is a sacrament, wherein, by giving and receiving bread and wine, according to Christ's appointment, his death is showed forth; and the worthy receivers are, not after a corporal and carnal manner, but by faith, made partakers of his body and blood, with all his benefits, to their spiritual nourishment, and growth in grace.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1 Cor. 11:23-26", "osis": ["1Cor.11.23-1Cor.11.26"]}, {"raw": "1 Cor. 10:16", "osis": ["1Cor.10.16"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 89}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "97", "sort_key": 97, "question": "What is required for the worthy receiving of the Lord's Supper?", "answer": "It is required of them that would worthily partake of the Lord's Supper, that they examine themselves of their knowledge to discern the Lord's body, of their faith to feed upon him, of their repentance, love, and new obedience; lest, coming unworthily, they eat and drink judgment to themselves.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1 Cor. 11:28-29", "osis": ["1Cor.11.28-1Cor.11.29"]}, {"raw": "2 Cor. 13:5", "osis": ["2Cor.13.5"]}, {"raw": "1 Cor. 11:31", "osis": ["1Cor.11.31"]}, {"raw": "1 Cor. 10:16-17", "osis": ["1Cor.10.16-1Cor.10.17"]}, {"raw": "1 Cor. 5:7-8", "osis": ["1Cor.5.7-1Cor.5.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 84}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "98", "sort_key": 98, "question": "What is prayer?", "answer": "Prayer is an offering up of our desires unto God, for things agreeable to his will, in the name of Christ, with confession of our sins, and thankful acknowledgement of his mercies.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Ps. 62:8", "osis": ["Ps.62.8"]}, {"raw": "1 John 5:14", "osis": ["1John.5.14"]}, {"raw": "John 16:23", "osis": ["John.16.23"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 32:5-6", "osis": ["Ps.32.5-Ps.32.6"]}, {"raw": "Dan. 9:4", "osis": ["Dan.9.4"]}, {"raw": "Phil. 4:6", "osis": ["Phil.4.6"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 47}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "99", "sort_key": 99, "question": "What rule hath God given for our direction in prayer?", "answer": "The whole Word of God is of use to direct us in prayer; but the special rule of direction is that form of prayer which Christ taught his disciples, commonly called The Lord's Prayer.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "1 John 5:14", "osis": ["1John.5.14"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 6:9-13", "osis": ["Matt.6.9-Matt.6.13"]}, {"raw": "Luke 11:2-4", "osis": ["Luke.11.2-Luke.11.4"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 53}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "100", "sort_key": 100, "question": "What doth the preface of the Lord's Prayer teach us?", "answer": "The preface of the Lord's Prayer, which is, Our Father which art in heaven, teacheth us to draw near to God with all holy reverence and confidence, as children to a father, able and ready to help us; and that we should pray with and for others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt. 6:9", "osis": ["Matt.6.9"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 8:15", "osis": ["Rom.8.15"]}, {"raw": "Luke 11:13", "osis": ["Luke.11.13"]}, {"raw": "Acts 12:5", "osis": ["Acts.12.5"]}, {"raw": "1 Tim. 2:1-2", "osis": ["1Tim.2.1-1Tim.2.2"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 75}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "101", "sort_key": 101, "question": "What do we pray for in the first petition?", "answer": "In the first petition, which is, Hallowed be thy name, we pray, that God would enable us, and others, to glorify him in all that whereby he maketh himself known; and that he would dispose all things to his own glory.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt. 6:9", "osis": ["Matt.6.9"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 67:2-3", "osis": ["Ps.67.2-Ps.67.3"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 83", "osis": ["Ps.83"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 66}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "102", "sort_key": 102, "question": "What do we pray for in the second petition?", "answer": "In the second petition, which is, Thy kingdom come, we pray, that Satan's kingdom may be destroyed; and that the kingdom of grace may be advanced, ourselves and others brought into it, and kept in it; and that the kingdom of glory may be hastened.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt. 6:10", "osis": ["Matt.6.10"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 68:1, 18", "osis": ["Ps.68.1", "Ps.68.18"]}, {"raw": "Rev. 12:10-11", "osis": ["Rev.12.10-Rev.12.11"]}, {"raw": "2 Thess. 3:1", "osis": ["2Thess.3.1"]}, {"raw": "Rom. 10:1", "osis": ["Rom.10.1"]}, {"raw": "John 17:9, 20", "osis": ["John.17.9", "John.17.20"]}, {"raw": "Rev. 22:20", "osis": ["Rev.22.20"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 70}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "103", "sort_key": 103, "question": "What do we pray for in the third petition?", "answer": "In the third petition, which is, Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven, we pray, that God, by his grace, would make us able and willing to know, obey, and submit to his will in all things, as the angels do in heaven.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt. 6:10", "osis": ["Matt.6.10"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 67", "osis": ["Ps.67"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 119:36", "osis": ["Ps.119.36"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 26:39", "osis": ["Matt.26.39"]}, {"raw": "2 Sam. 15:25", "osis": ["2Sam.15.25"]}, {"raw": "Job. 1:21", "osis": ["Job.1.21"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 103:20-21", "osis": ["Ps.103.20-Ps.103.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 72}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "104", "sort_key": 104, "question": "What do we pray for in the fourth petition?", "answer": "In the fourth petition, which is, Give us this day our daily bread, we pray that of God's free gift we may receive a competent portion of the good things of this life, and enjoy his blessing with them.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt. 6:11", "osis": ["Matt.6.11"]}, {"raw": "Prov. 30:8-9", "osis": ["Prov.30.8-Prov.30.9"]}, {"raw": "Gen. 28:20", "osis": ["Gen.28.20"]}, {"raw": "1 Tim. 4:4-5", "osis": ["1Tim.4.4-1Tim.4.5"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 59}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "105", "sort_key": 105, "question": "What do we pray for in the fifth petition?", "answer": "In the fifth petition, which is, And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors, we pray that God, for Christ's sake, would freely pardon all our sins; which we are the rather encouraged to ask, because by his grace we are enabled from the heart to forgive others.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt. 6:12", "osis": ["Matt.6.12"]}, {"raw": "Ps. 51:1-2, 7, 9", "osis": ["Ps.51.1-Ps.51.2", "Ps.51.7", "Ps.51.9"]}, {"raw": "Dan. 9:17-19", "osis": ["Dan.9.17-Dan.9.19"]}, {"raw": "Luke 11:4", "osis": ["Luke.11.4"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 18:35", "osis": ["Matt.18.35"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 75}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "106", "sort_key": 106, "question": "What do we pray for in the sixth petition?", "answer": "In the sixth petition, which is, And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil, we pray, that God would either keep us from being tempted to sin, or support and deliver us when we are tempted.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt. 6:12", "osis": ["Matt.6.12"]}, {"raw": "Matt. 26:41", "osis": ["Matt.26.41"]}, {"raw": "2 Cor. 12:7-8", "osis": ["2Cor.12.7-2Cor.12.8"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 60}
{"_source_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "_source_title": "Westminster Shorter Catechism", "_author": "Westminster Assembly", "_contributors": [], "_schema_type": "catechism_qa", "_license": "cc0-1.0", "_source_url": "https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-humble-advice-of-the_westminster-assembly-of-_1647_0", "document_id": "westminster-shorter-catechism", "item_id": "107", "sort_key": 107, "question": "What doth the conclusion of the Lord's Prayer teach us?", "answer": "The conclusion of the Lord's Prayer, which is, For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever, Amen. teacheth us to take our encouragement in prayer from God only, and in our prayers to praise him, ascribing kingdom, power, and glory to him; and, in testimony of our desire, and assurance to be heard, we say, Amen.", "answer_with_proofs": null, "proofs": [{"id": 1, "references": [{"raw": "Matt. 6:13", "osis": ["Matt.6.13"]}, {"raw": "Dan. 9:4-9, 16-19", "osis": ["Dan.9.4-Dan.9.9", "Dan.9.16-Dan.9.19"]}, {"raw": "1 Chr 29:10-13", "osis": ["1Chr.29.10-1Chr.29.13"]}, {"raw": "1 Cor. 14:16", "osis": ["1Cor.14.16"]}, {"raw": "Rev. 22:20-21", "osis": ["Rev.22.20-Rev.22.21"]}]}], "group": null, "sub_questions": null, "token_count": 99}