An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism

Question: HOW is the word to be read and heard, that it may become effectual to salvation?

Answer: That the word may become effectual to salvation, we must attend thereunto with diligence, preparation, and prayer, receive it with faith and love, lay it up in your hearts, and practice it in your lives.

Question: If the matter we read or hear be good, is not that enough for our salvation?

Answer: No, God requires that the word be read and heard in a due manner, and the manner of hearing is of special regard with God; Luke 8:18. Take heed therefore how you hear, etc.

Question: How many things belong to the due manner of hearing?

Answer: Three sorts of duties belong to it; some antecedent, as preparation and prayer; some concomitant, as due diligence and retention; and some subsequent, as practice.

Question: What is due preparation for hearing?

Answer: It consists in serious consideration of the greatness and holiness of that God whom we approach in hearing the word; Acts 10:33. Now therefore we are all here present before God, to hear all things that are commanded you of God. And awing the heart even to a degree of holy trembling thereby; Isaiah 66:2. To him will I look, even to him that is poor and of a contrite spirit, and trembles at my word.

Question: What is the principal consideration thus to awe the heart?

Answer: The word is in its own nature a heart-searching word; Hebrews 4:12. For the word of God is quick and powerful, and sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart. And that eventually it will be the savor of life or death to us; 2 Corinthians 2:16. To the one we are the savor of death unto death; and to the other the savor of life unto life, etc.

Question: What else belongs to due preparation to hear?

Answer: The discharging of the heart from worldly cares; Matthew 13:7. And some fell among thorns, and the thorns sprang up and choked them. And carnal lusts; James 1:21. Wherefore lay apart all filthiness and superfluity of naughtiness, and receive with meekness the engrafted word, which is able to save your souls.

Question: What is the third act of due preparation?

Answer: Longing after the word for further communications of grace by it; 1 Peter 2:2. As new-born babes desire the sincere milk of the word, that you may grow thereby. Isaiah 2:3. And many people shall go and say, Come you, and let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, to the house of the God of Jacob, and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem.

Question: What is the second antecedent duty of hearing?

Answer: Prayer is an antecedent duty to hearing the word, and that both for the assistance of the minister; 2 Thessalonians 3:1. Finally, brethren, pray for us, that the word of the Lord may have free course, and be glorified, even as it is with you. And our own illumination; Psalm 119:18. Open you mine eyes, that I may behold wondrous things out of your law.

Question: What else should we pray for?

Answer: That God would pour out his Spirit with the word, according to that promise, Proverbs 1:23. I will pour out my Spirit upon you, I will make known my words unto you.

Question: Does unpreparedness for the word always hinder its efficacy on the heart?

Answer: No, God sometimes is found of them that sought him not; Isaiah 65:1. I was found of them that sought me not, etc. But it is a sin to neglect it, and needs a pardon of God.

Question: What is the first motive to prepare for solemn duties?

Answer: That it argues the sincerity of the heart, and in that case God will be merciful to infirmities; 2 Chronicles 30:18, 19. For a multitude of the people, even a multitude of Ephraim and Manasseh, Issachar, and Zebulun, had not cleansed themselves, yet did eat the Passover, but not as it is written; wherefore Hezekiah prayed for them, saying, The good Lord be merciful towards him that prepares his whole heart to seek the Lord God, the God of his fathers, though he be not cleansed according to the purification of the sanctuary.

Question: What is the second motive?

Answer: It is a sweet sign that God will make that duty successful for which the heart is prepared; Psalm 10:17. You prepare their heart; you bend your ear to them.

Question: What is the third motive to preparation?

Answer: The majesty and jealousy of God, to whom we approach, obliges us to solemn preparation; Hebrews 12:28, 29. Whereby we may serve God acceptably, with reverence and godly fear; for our God is a consuming fire.

Question: But must a man neglect the duty, if his heart be not duly prepared for it?

Answer: No; for that would be to add a new sin to a former, and aggravate it the more.

Question: In what manner must the prepared heart go to the word?

Answer: Not in dependence on its own preparations, but upon the Spirit's assistance; Psalm 71:16. I will go forward in the strength of the Lord God, etc.

Question: What is the first act of faith due to the word?

Answer: The assenting act of faith is required to the word read or preached, whereby we acknowledge it to be of divine authority; 2 Timothy 3:16. All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness; 2 Peter 1:21. For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man; but holy men of God spoke as they were moved by the Holy Spirit.

Question: What is the second act of faith required of us?

Answer: An applying act of faith is also required of us; Romans 15:4. For whatever things were written aforetime, were written for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might have hope.

Question: What is the first end in applying the word?

Answer: It is first to be applied to our conviction both of sin and misery; Acts 2:37. Now when they heard this they were pricked in their hearts, and said unto Peter, and to the rest of the apostles, Men and brethren, what shall we do?

Question: What is the second end, or use of applying it?

Answer: It must be applied for our guidance and direction to Christ; John 6:45. Every man therefore that has heard, and has learned of the Father, Comes unto me.

Question: What is the third use to which it must be applied?

Answer: We must apply it for our direction through the whole course of Christian duties: 2 Peter 1:19. We have also a most sure word of prophecy; whereunto you do well that you take heed, as unto a light that shines in a dark place, until the day dawn, and the day-star arise in your hearts.

Question: What other use must we apply it to?

Answer: It must be applied for our comfort in all inward and outward troubles: Romans 15:4. For whatever things were written aforetime, were written for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might have hope.

Question: On what account are we to receive it with love?

Answer: We are to love it for its author's sake, because it is the word of God; Psalm 119:159. Consider how I love your precepts, etc.

Question: What is the second motive of love to the word?

Answer: The holiness and purity of it deserves and engages our love to it; Psalm 119:140. Your word is very pure; therefore your servant loves it.

Question: What is the third motive to engage our love to it?

Answer: The great and constant usefulness of it to our souls, as that we cannot exist without; Job 23:12. I have esteemed the words of his mouth more than my necessary food.

Question: How does this love to the word manifest itself?

Answer: Our love manifests itself in our longing after it; Psalm 119:20. My soul breaks for the longing that it has unto your judgments at all times. Our diligent attendance on it; Acts 10:33. Immediately therefore I sent unto you, and you have well done that you are come. Now therefore are we all here present before God, to hear all things that are commanded you of God.

Question: How is faith and love evidenced to the word after hearing it?

Answer: By preserving it carefully in our hearts and memories; Psalm 119:11. Your word have I hidden in my heart, that I might not sin against you.

Question: What is the best cure for a bad memory?

Answer: Labor to get an high esteem of it, and an experimental feeling of it, and frequently meditate on it; Psalm 119:16. I will delight myself in your statutes: I will not forget your word. Psalm 119:93. I will never forget your precepts; for with them you have quickened me. Psalm 119:99. Your testimonies are my meditation.

Question: How is faith and love principally manifested to the word after hearing?

Answer: It is principally manifested by bringing forth the fruits of it in our lives; Colossians 1:5, 6. For the hope which is laid up for you in Heaven, whereof you heard before in the word of the truth of the gospel, which is come unto you, as it is in all the world, and brings forth fruit, as it does also in you, since the day you have heard of it, and knew the grace of God in truth.

Question: What is the use of all this?

Answer: This serves to reprove our formal and dead hearing the word, and excites us all to evidence and exercise more faith, love, and obedience, in hearing it. Of Sacraments as Means of Salvation


An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism

Question: HOW do the sacraments become effectual means of salvation?

Answer: The sacraments become effectual means of salvation, not from any virtue in them, or in him that does administer them, but only by the blessing of Christ, and the working of his Spirit in them that by faith receive them.

Question: What is the first proper sense of this word sacrament?

Answer: It primarily signifies a solemn oath taken by soldiers, when they list themselves under a prince or general; and this oath was mutual.

Question: Why do we use it, seeing it is not a scripture word?

Answer: Though the word be not found in scripture, yet the thing intended by it is, and that brings the word in use; for in the sacraments God obliges himself to us by confirming his covenant by it; Romans 4:11. And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith, which he had yet being uncircumcised: that he might be the father of all them that believe, though they be not circumcised; that righteousness might be imputed unto them also. And we oblige ourselves to God; Romans 6:3, 4. Know you not that so many of us as were baptized into Christ, were baptized into his death? Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death, that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life.

Question: What is here meant by salvation?

Answer: By salvation is meant our complete and final deliverance from sin and misery, both temporal and eternal. From sin, Matthew 1:21. For he shall save his people from their sins. From misery, 1 Thessalonians 1:10. Even Jesus who delivered us from the wrath to come.

Question: What is a mean of salvation?

Answer: A mean of salvation signifies any appointment of God, whereby he promotes and accomplishes his design of saving our souls; so the word is a mean; Romans 1:16. For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God unto salvation, to every one who believes.

Question: How does the word and sacraments differ as means of salvation?

Answer: The word is appointed to be the first means of begetting faith; 1 Corinthians 3:5. Who then is Paul? And who is Apollos? But ministers by whom you believed, etc. Sacraments are to seal and confirm it; Romans 4:11. And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of faith, etc.

Question: What is meant by an effectual mean of salvation?

Answer: By an effectual mean, is meant such a mean as fully obtains and accomplishes the end it was appointed for, 1 Thessalonians 2:13. Because when you received the word of God, which you heard of us, you received it not as the word of men; but (as it is in truth) the word of God, which effectually works also in you that believe.

Question: Do not all the means of salvation prove effectual to men?

Answer: Though the means of salvation prove effectual to all God's elect, yet they are not so to others; Acts 28:23, 24. And when they had appointed him a day, there came many to him into his lodging, to whom he expounded and testified the kingdom of God, persuading them concerning Jesus, both out of the law of Moses, and out of the prophets, from morning until evening. And some believed the things which were spoken, and some believed not.

Question: Do not the sacraments save all that partake of them?

Answer: No, they do not; baptism may pass on a cast-away; Acts 8:23. For I perceive that you are in the gall of bitterness, and in the bond of iniquity. And the Lord's supper may be received unworthily; 1 Corinthians 11:27. Wherefore, whoever shall eat this bread, and drink the cup of the Lord unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord.

Question: What is the reason they prove not effectual to all?

Answer: Because their virtue and efficacy is not in themselves, but in God; for we see they work as God's Spirit concurs, or not concurs with them, as in the instance before given.

Question: But is not that for want of wisdom, holiness, or zeal in the minister, that they have no more efficacy?

Answer: No, it is not principally, or only from thence; for it is not in the power of the holiest minister in the world to make them effectual; 1 Corinthians 3:7. Neither is he who plants anything, neither he who waters; but God that gives the increase.

Question: Whence is it that sacraments become effectual?

Answer: It is only from the Spirit of Christ working in them, and by them on the souls of men; 1 Corinthians 12:13. For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body,-and have been all made to drink into one Spirit.

Question: What is the first instruction hence?

Answer: That men enjoying all the ordinances of the gospel, and partaking of the sacraments annexed to the covenant of grace, may yet perish forever; 1 Corinthians 10:3, 4, 5. And did all eat the same spiritual meat; and did all drink the same spiritual drink; (for they drank of that spiritual rock that followed them: and that rock was Christ.) But with many of them God was not well pleased; for they were overthrown in the wilderness; Luke 13:26, 27. Then shall you begin to say, we have eaten and drunk in your presence, and you have taught in our streets. But he shall say, I tell you, I know you not whence you are; depart from me all you workers of iniquity.

Question: What is the second inference?

Answer: That men should not idolize some ministers for the excellency of their gifts, and despise others, seeing it is not in them to make the means effectual.

Question: What is the last inference?

Answer: That in all our attendance upon the means of salvation, we should be careful to beg the Spirit and blessing of Christ, without which they cannot be effectual to our salvation. Of the Nature of Sacraments


An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism

Question: WHAT is a sacrament?

Answer: A sacrament is a holy ordinance instituted by Christ; wherein by sensible signs, Christ and the benefits of the new covenant are represented, sealed, and applied to believers.

Question: How many sorts of sacraments are found in scripture?

Answer: Of sacraments there are two sorts, some extraordinary and transient, as the fiery pillar, manna, and water out of the rock; 1 Corinthians 10:1, 2, 3, 4. Moreover, brethren, I would not that you should be ignorant, how that all our fathers were under the cloud, and all passed through the sea; and were all baptized unto Moses in the cloud, and in the sea; and did all eat the same spiritual meat; and did all drink the same spiritual drink; (for they drank of that spiritual rock that followed them: and that rock was Christ.) And some ordinary and standing, as circumcision and the Passover, before Christ; and baptism and the Lord's supper, since Christ's death.

Question: How many things are to be considered in every sacrament?

Answer: In every sacrament five things must be considered; (1.) The author. (2.) The parts. (3.) The union of those parts. (4.) The subjects. (5.) The ends and uses of it.

Question: Who is the author of the sacraments?

Answer: The Lord Jesus Christ as King of the church, by whose sole authority baptism was instituted; Matthew 28:19, 20. Go you therefore and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit: Teaching them to observe all things, whatever I have commanded you, etc. And the Lord's supper; 1 Corinthians 11:23, 24. For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, that the Lord Jesus, the same night in which he was betrayed, took bread, and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, take, eat, this is my body, which is broken for you: This do in remembrance of me.

Question: Are the old sacraments yet in being and in use in the church?

Answer: No, they are passed away, and the new come in their room. Baptism takes place of circumcision; Colossians 2:11, 12. In whom also you are circumcised with the circumcision made without hands, in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh by the circumcision of Christ; buried with him in baptism, etc. And the Lord's supper of the Passover; 1 Corinthians 5:7. Purge out therefore the old leaven, that you may be a new lump, as you are unleavened, for even Christ our Passover is sacrificed for us.

Question: Of what parts does every sacrament consist?

Answer: Every sacrament consists of two parts, one external and earthly; another internal and heavenly, or spiritual. Bread, wine, and water, are the external, Christ's blood and Spirit the internal parts; Romans 6:3. Know you not, that so many of us as were baptized into Jesus Christ, were baptized into his death? 1 Corinthians 11:25. This cup is the New Testament in my blood, etc.

Question: Wherein consists the sacramental union of those parts?

Answer: It consists, by virtue of Christ's institution, in three things; (1.) In apt signification. (2.) Firm obsignation. And, (3.) Real exhibition of the blessings signified and sealed.

Question: What are the blessings signified by water in baptism?

Answer: It signifies our implantation into Christ, and communion with him in his death and resurrection; Romans 6:4. Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death, that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father; even so we also should walk in newness of life. And our solemn admission into the visible church; Galatians 3:26, 27, 28, 29. For you are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus. For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ, have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female; For you are all one in Christ Jesus. And if you be Christ's then are you Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise.

Question: What are the blessings signified by bread and wine?

Answer: They signify Christ's body and blood, broken and poured out for us, with all the blessings of remission, peace, and salvation purchased by his blood, 1 Corinthians 10:16, 17. The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ? For we being many, are one bread, and one body; for we are all partakers of that one bread.

Question: Do the sacraments seal, as well as signify these things?

Answer: Yes, they do; Romans 4:11. And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith, etc. Their use is to confirm God's covenant with believers.

Question: Who are the proper subjects of the sacraments?

Answer: Believers and their seed are the subjects of baptism, but adult Christians only of the Lord's supper; Acts 2:38, 39. Repent, and be baptized every one of you; for the promise is unto you, and to your children, even as many as the Lord our God shall call. 1 Corinthians 11:28. But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup.

Question: What is the main use and end of sacraments?

Answer: It is to ratify and confirm God's covenant with believers; Romans 4:11. And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had yet being uncircumcised, etc. 1 Corinthians 11:26. For as often as you eat this bread, and drink this cup, you do show the Lord's death until he come.

Question: What is the first instruction from hence?

Answer: That the abuse of such holy and solemn mysteries is a sin of dreadful aggravation, and such as God will punish; 1 Corinthians 11:27. Wherefore, whoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of the Lord unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord.

Question: What is the second instruction?

Answer: Hence we learn the tender care and love of Christ over the church, in instituting such useful and comfortable ordinances for us. Of the Number of Sacraments


An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism

Question: WHICH are the sacraments of the New Testament?

Answer: The sacraments of the New Testament are, baptism and the Lord's supper.

Question: How many sacraments has Christ appointed in the New Testament?

Answer: Christ has appointed two, and no more: these being sufficient for our initiation and confirmation.

Question: How many have the Papists added to them?

Answer: They have added five more; namely, Confirmation, penance, ordination, marriage, and extreme unction.

Question: What is their sacrament of confirmation?

Answer: It is the anointing of the baptized with chrism in the forehead, with this form of words; I sign you with the sign of the cross, and confirm you with the chrism of salvation, in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

Question: What is their ground for this practice?

Answer: The abuse of that Scripture, Hebrews 6:2. Of the doctrine of baptisms, and laying on of hands, etc. which, by a figurative speech, expresses the whole standing ministry in the church, by laying on of hands.

Question: What is their sacrament of penance?

Answer: It is repentance manifested by outward signs, to which the word of absolution coming, makes it a sacrament misgrounded on John 20:23. Whoever sins you remit, they are remitted unto them; and whoever sins you retain, they are retained.

Question: What is their sacrament of orders, or ordination?

Answer: It is the laying on of hands in ordination of ministers, by which they conceive spiritual grace is given; by mistake of 2 Timothy 1:6. Wherefore I put you in remembrance, that you stir up the gift of God which is in you, by the putting on of my hands.

Question: What is their fourth superadded sacrament?

Answer: It is marriage, grounded upon those words of the apostle, Ephesians 5:32. This is a great mystery; but I speak concerning Christ and the church. Which only shows a similitude of our union with Christ, not an instituted sign to that end.

Question: What is their fifth superadded sacrament?

Answer: Extreme unction, or anointing the sick, near death, with consecrated oil, grounded on Mark 6:13. And anointed with oil many that were sick, and healed them. And James 5:14. Is any sick among you? Let him call for the elders of the church, and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord. Which are neither sacramental rites, nor of ordinary standing use in the church, but extraordinary and temporary for that age.

Question: What learn we hence?

Answer: Hence we learn, how apt men are to corrupt God's ordinances, by their superstitious additions; Matthew 15:9. Teaching for doctrines the commandments of men.

Question: What is the second instruction hence?

Answer: How just and necessary our separation from Rome is, who have grossly corrupted God's ordinances, and left men no other remedy; Revelation 13:6. And he opened his mouth in blasphemy against God, to blaspheme his name and his tabernacle, and them that dwell in Heaven.

Question: What is the third instruction?

Answer: That the reformation of religion is an invaluable mercy, a great deliverance from spiritual bondage; Revelation 11:19. And the temple of God was opened in Heaven, and there was seen in his temple the ark of his testament: and there were lightnings, and voices, and thunderings, and an earthquake, and great hail.

Question: What is the fourth instruction?

Answer: That Rome shall certainly fall, and all her adherents, for the horrid injury done by them to Christ, and the souls of men; Revelation 18:20, 21. Rejoice over her you Heaven, and you holy apostles and prophets; for God has avenged you on her. And a mighty angel took up a stone like a great milstone, and cast it into the sea, saying, Thus with violence shall that great city Babylon be thrown down, and shall be found no more at all. Of Baptism


An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism

Question: WHAT is baptism?

Answer: Baptism is a sacrament, wherein the washing with water, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, does signify and seal our ingrafting into Christ, and partaking of the benefits of the covenant of grace, and our engagement to be the Lord's.

Question: What is the external part of baptism?

Answer: It is pure unmixed water; Hebrews 10:22. And our bodies washed with pure water. And therefore it is a vile practice of Papists, to add oil, salt, and spittle, to water in baptism.

Question: What does water in baptism signify?

Answer: It signifies the blood of Christ; Revelation 1:5. Unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood.

Question: What is the first resemblance it has to Christ's blood?

Answer: In the freeness of it to all, it represents the unpurchased blood of Christ; Isaiah 55:1. Ho, every one that thirsts, come you to the waters; and he who has no money, come you, buy and eat; yes, come, buy wine and milk, without money, and without price.

Question: What is the second resemblance to Christ's blood?

Answer: It resembles it in its refreshing quality; water refreshes the thirsty, so does Christ's blood; John 6:35. He who believes on me shall never thirst.

Question: What is the third resemblance it has to Christ's blood?

Answer: The cleansing property of water shows the purifying virtue of Christ's blood; Hebrews 9:14. How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit, offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works, to serve the living God?

Question: What is the fourth resemblance it has to Christ's blood?

Answer: It resembles it in the necessity of it: For as the body cannot live without water, so neither can the soul without Christ's blood; Hebrews 9:23. It was therefore necessary that the patterns of things in the heavens should be purified with these, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these.

Question: What is the fifth resemblance of water to the blood of Christ?

Answer: As water neither refreshes nor purifies the body without application; so neither does Christ's blood refresh or purify the soul until applied; 1 Corinthians 1:30. But of him are you in Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption.

Question: Is it necessary to plunge the whole body under water, in baptizing every person?

Answer: The word [baptize] signifying as well to wash, as to plunge; a person may be truly baptized, that is not plunged. And we cannot think by the circumstance of time and place, that the jailor, in the night, was carried to a river out of the city; Acts 16:33. And he took them the same hour of the night, and washed their stripes, and was baptized, he and all his immediately.

Question: But it is not said, John 3:23. That John also was baptizing in Enon, near to Salim, because there was much water there: and they came and were baptized?

Answer: The word signifies many waters, that is, springs of waters there; which are known by travelers to be small, not capable of plunging into.

Question: What are the benefits accruing to us by baptism?

Answer: The benefits are two fold: some external, called the fatness of the olive-tree; that is ordinances, and visible membership; Romans 11:17. And you being a wild olive-tree, were engrafted in among them, and with them partakers of the root and fatness of the olive-tree. And some spiritual and saving; 1 Peter 3:21. The like figure whereunto, even baptism, does also now save us, (not the putting away the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience towards God) by the resurrection of Jesus Christ.

Question: What engagements are laid on the baptized?

Answer: They are engaged to be the Lord's people, and to walk suitably to that engagement; Romans 6:4. Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life.

Question: Is baptism to be reiterated, as the Lord's supper?

Answer: No; for the Lord's supper is a sacrament for nourishing, but this for implantation; Romans 6:4, 5. Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life. For if we have been planted together in the likeness of his death, we should be also in the likeness of his resurrection.

Question: Does baptism regenerate men, and confer saving grace?

Answer: No, it does not, in its own virtue, convey grace, no more than the Lord's supper; but the Spirit of God is the author of grace, and works it as he pleases, before or after baptism. Of the Subjects of Baptism


An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism

Question: TO whom is baptism to be administered?

Answer: Baptism is not to be administered to any that are out of the visible church, until they profess their faith in Christ, and obedience to him; but the infants of such as are members of the visible church are to be baptized.

Question: Who are to be baptized?

Answer: Believers, and their infant-offspring; Acts 2:39. For the promise is to you, and your children, and to all that are afar off, even many as the Lord our God shall call.

Question: How does it appear, that the infant-seed of believers ought to be baptized?

Answer: It appears by this, that they being Abraham's seed, were taken into covenant with God, and ordered to have the sign of the covenant applied to them; and that grant was never rever.d; Genesis 17:7, 10. And I will establish my covenant between me and you, and your seed after you, in their generations, for an everlasting covenant; to be a God unto you, and to your seed after you. This is my covenant, which you shall keep between me and you, and your seed after you; even every man-child among you shall be circumcised.

Question: But was not that the covenant of works; and so will not hold, to infer their privilege under the covenant of grace?

Answer: No, it was not; for God never did, nor will become a God by way of special interest to any people; by virtue of the covenant of works, since the breach of it by the fall.

Question: But if it were the covenant of grace, how does it appear the right of believers infants is still the same it was before in Abraham's time?

Answer: It appears plainly from the apostle's own words and arguments; Acts 2:39. For the promise is to you, and to your children, etc.

Question: But though infants then were members of God's visible church among the Jews, how does it appear they are so now, when God has cast them off?

Answer: It appears, the membership and privileges are as free and complete to them now, that are the children of Gentile believers, as ever they were to the Jewish infants; Romans 11:17. And if some of the branches be broken off, and you being a wild olive tree, were engrafted in among them, and with them partake of the root and fatness of the olive-tree.

Question: How else does it appear they are within the covenant?

Answer: It appears by this, that they are pronounced holy; 1 Corinthians 7:14. Else were your children unclean, but now are they holy. Which is a federal holiness, and none out of covenant can be holy by covenant.

Question: But may not that place mean only their legitimacy?

Answer: No, it cannot; for then the apostle must pronounce all the infants in the world bastards, that descend not at least from one believing parent.

Question: But infants are not capable to covenant with God, or to perform covenant-duties; and therefore why should they be admitted to covenant-privileges?

Answer: A child now of eight days old, is as capable of being admitted into covenant with God, as children of the same age were in Abraham's days: and then it is manifest they were admitted.

Question: Though they were admitted by circumcision then, will it follow, they may be so by baptism now, seeing that ordinance is abolished?

Answer: Yes, it will: For though circumcision cease, yet baptism is come in its place; Colossians 2:10, 11, 12. And you are complete in him, which is the head of all principality and power. In whom also you are circumcised with the circumcision made without hands, in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh, by the circumcision of Christ, buried with him in baptism, etc.

Question: But circumcision was a seal of the covenant of works; and the argument will not hold, from a seal of the covenant of works, to a seal of the covenant of grace?

Answer: Circumcision never was, nor was intended to be a seal of the covenant of works, but of the righteousness of faith; Romans 4:11. And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had yet, being uncircumcised, etc.

Question: But have we no express command in the New Testament to baptize infants?

Answer: There needed no new command; their privilege had been settled many ages before upon them, and never rever.d by Christ, or his apostles, but their former right declared to continue still to them; Acts 2:39. For the promise is to you and to your children, etc.

Question: But if they have a right, we might expect to find some examples of their baptizing?

Answer: It is manifest that believers households were baptized with them; Acts 16:15, 33. And when she was baptized, and her household, etc. Verse 33. And he took them the same hour of the night, and washed their stripes, and was baptized, he and all his immediately. And if infants are not named, so neither are any of age, born of Christian parents.

Question: But many trust to their infant-baptism, as to their regeneration, and so much mischief is done?

Answer: They do so; yet the duty is not therefore to be neglected. The preaching of Christ is to some a stumbling-block; yet Christ must be preached for all that.

Question: But many baptized infants prove naught?

Answer: And so do many baptized at age too. Duties are not to be measured by events. Of the Lord's Supper


An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism

Question: WHAT is the Lord's supper?

Answer: The Lord's supper is a sacrament, wherein, by giving and receiving bread and wine, according to Christ's appointment, his death is showed forth; and the worthy receivers are not after a corporal and carnal manner, but by faith made partakers of his body and blood, with all his benefits, to their spiritual nourishment, and growth in grace.

Question: By whose authority is the Lord's supper instituted and appointed?

Answer: By the sovereign authority of Christ, the king of the church, and not by the pleasure of man; 1 Corinthians 11:23. For I have received of the Lord, that which also I delivered unto you; that the Lord Jesus, the same night in which he was betrayed, took bread.

Question: Of what parts does this sacrament consist?

Answer: It consists of two parts; one earthly and visible, to wit, bread and wine; the other spiritual add invisible, the body and blood of Christ; 1 Corinthians 10:16. The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ?

Question: How does these earthly and heavenly things become a sacrament?

Answer: By the word of institution, and blessing coming from Christ upon them; 1 Corinthians 11:23, 24, 25. For I have received of the Lord, that which also I delivered unto you; that the Lord Jesus, the same night in which he was betrayed, took bread. And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat, this is my body which is broken for you: This do in remembrance of me. After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the New Testament in my blood; This do you, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me.

Question: When did Christ ordain and institute this sacrament?

Answer: He instituted it in the same night he was betrayed; 1 Corinthians 11:23. The Lord Jesus, the same night in which he was betrayed, took bread. It could not be sooner, because the Passover must be first celebrated, and, by the institution of this, abrogated; not later, for soon after he was apprehended.

Question: What does the time of its institution teach us?

Answer: It teaches us, how great Christ's care and love to his people is, that he makes in his ordinance such provision for our comfort, though he knew his own bitter agony was just at hand.

Question: What is the general use and end of this sacrament?

Answer: It is to confirm, seal, and ratify the new covenant to believers; 1 Corinthians 11:25. This cup is the New Testament in my blood: This do you, as oft as you drink it, in remembrance of me.

Question: What are the particular ends and uses of it?

Answer: The first particular end and use of it, is, to bring Christ and his sufferings a fresh to our remembrance; 1 Corinthians 11:24, 25. This do in remembrance of me.

Question: What kind of remembrance of Christ is here intended?

Answer: Not a mere speculative, but an affectionate heart-melting remembrance of him like that of Peter, Matthew 26:75. And Peter remembered the words of Jesus, which said unto him, Before the rooster shall crow you shall deny me thrice. And he went out, and wept bitterly. Or of Joseph, Genesis 43:29, 30. And Joseph made haste, for his affections did yern upon his brother: And he sought where to weep, and he entered into his chamber and wept there.

Question: What does this end of the sacrament imply?

Answer: It implies this; that the best of God's people are too apt to forget Christ, and what he has endured and suffered for them.

Question: What else does it imply?

Answer: It implies this; that none but those that have the saving knowledge of Christ, and have had former acquaintance with Christ, are fit for this ordinance; for no man can remember what he never knew; 1 Corinthians 11:28. But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup.

Question: What is the second particular use and end of this sacrament?

Answer: It is to represent Christ to believers, as an apt sign of him, and of his death; and that both memorative, significative, and instructive.

Question: How is it a memorative sign of Christ?

Answer: It brings Christ to our remembrance, as his death and bitter sufferings are therein represented to us, by the breaking of bread, and pouring forth of wine; 1 Corinthians 11:26. For as often as you eat this bread, and drink this cup, you do show forth the Lord's death until he come.

Question: How is it a significative ordinance?

Answer: It is a significative ordinance, not only as it represents Christ's sufferings, but the believers union with him as the Head, and with each other as members of his body; 1 Corinthians 10:16, 17. The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ; The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ? For we being many, are one bread, and one body, etc.

Question: In what respect is it an instructive sign?

Answer: It is an instructive sign in divers respects; namely, first, as it teaches us, that Christ is the only nutritive bread, by which our souls live; John 6:51. I am the living bread, which came down from Heaven: If any man eat of this bread, he shall live forever, and the bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world. And, secondly, as it instructs us, that the New Testament is now in its full force, by the death of Christ the Testator; Hebrews 9:16, 17. For where a Testament is, there must also of necessity be the death of the Testator. For a testament is of force after men are dead; otherwise it is of no force at all, while the Testator lives. Thus much of the Author, nature, and ends of the Lord's supper. Of the Elements, Action, and Subjects of it


An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism

Question: WHAT is required to the worthy receiving of the Lord's Supper?

Answer: It is required of them that would worthily partake of the Lord's supper, that they examine themselves of their knowledge to discern the Lord's body; of their faith to feed upon him; of their repentance, love, and new obedience; lest coming unworthily, they eat and drink judgment to themselves.

Question: What are the duties of worthy receivers?

Answer: There are three sorts of duties incumbent on them; some antecedent to it, some concomitant of it, and some subsequent to it.

Question: What are the antecedent duties to it?

Answer: They are two. (1.) Examination of their graces. (2.) Preparation of their souls. Examination of their graces; 1 Corinthians 11:28, 29. But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup. For he who eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord's body. And preparation of their souls; 1 Corinthians 5:8. Therefore let us keep the feast, not with old leaven, neither with the leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth.

Question: What is the first grace to be tried?

Answer: Our saving knowledge of God in Christ, without which we cannot discern the Lord's body; 1 Corinthians 11:29. For he who eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord's body.

Question: What are we to inquire of, touching our knowledge of God in Christ?

Answer: We are to examine whether it be competent for quantity, and savingly operative and influential on the heart and life, for quality; Hosea 4:6. My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge, etc. 1 Corinthians 13:1. Though I speak with the tongues of men, and of angels, and have not charity, I am become as a sounding brass, or tinkling cymbal.

Question: When is knowledge competent and influential?

Answer: When we truly understand, by the teachings of the Father, the sin and misery of the fall, the nature and necessity of Christ, and, under these convictions, come to him in the way of faith; John 6:45.-Every man therefore that has heard, and has learned of the Father, comes unto me. And subject ourselves to him in sincere obedience; Matthew 11:28, 29. Come unto me, all you that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me, for I am meek and lowly in heart; and you shall find rest unto your souls.

Question: What are we to examine ourselves about, besides knowledge?

Answer: We are obliged to examine ourselves about our faith, whether we have it in any saving degree; 2 Corinthians 13:5. Examine yourselves, whether you be in the faith: Prove yourselves, etc. For without faith we cannot please God; Hebrews 11:6. But without faith it is impossible to please God, etc. Nor enjoy spiritual communion with Christ; Ephesians 3:17. That Christ may dwell in your hearts by faith: that you being rooted and grounded in love, etc.

Question: What other grace must be examined and sought for?

Answer: We must examine our love to Christ, and all that are his: because no gifts signify anything without love; 1 Corinthians 13:2. And though I have the gift of prophecy, and understand all mysteries, and all knowledge; and though I have all faith, so that I could remove mountains, and have not charity, I am nothing.

Question: What else must worthy receivers examine themselves about?

Answer: The sincerity of their hearts, evidenced by their obedience; without which they cannot worthily approach the table; 1 Corinthians 5:8. Therefore let us keep the feast, not with old leaven, neither with the leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth.

Question: But if, upon examination, we are in doubts about our faith and sincerity, must we forbear?

Answer: If our doubts arise from the weakness, and not the total want of grace, such doubts should not hinder us; Romans 14:1. Him that is weak in the faith, receive you, etc.

Question: What is the danger of coming to the Lord's table without these graces?

Answer: The danger is exceeding great both to soul and body. (1.) To the soul; 1 Corinthians 11:29. For he who eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks damnation to himself, etc. And to the body; 1 Corinthians 11:30. For this cause many are weak and sickly among you, and many sleep.

Question: What are the duties of worthy receivers at the Lord's table?

Answer: Their duties at the table are, to discern Christ by the eye of faith, under those signs of his body and blood; 1 Corinthians 11:29. For he who eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord's body. On the discovery of him, to mourn bitterly for sin; Zechariah 12:10.-And they shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him, as one mourns for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his first-born. And to excite all their graces into vigorous acts for the applying of Christ to themselves; Canticles 4:16. Awake, O north-wind, and come, you south, blow upon my garden, that the spices thereof may flow out, etc.

Question: What is the duty of worthy receivers, after the sacrament?

Answer: Their duty is, heartily to bless God for Christ, and the benefits of his blood, Matthew 26:30. And when they had sung an hymn, they went out into the mount of Olives. To double their care and watchfulness against sin; Ephesians 4:30. And grieve not the Holy Spirit, whereby you are sealed to the day of redemption. And to grow more fruitful in all spiritual obedience; Colossians 1:10. That you might walk worthy of the Lord unto all pleasing; being fruitful in every good work, and increasing in the knowledge of God.

Question: What is the first inference from hence?

Answer: That the abuse and profanation of this ordinance, either by coming to it for carnal ends, or being forced upon it by fear of sufferings, or approaching to it without due qualifications, is a dreadful sin, which God will terribly avenge: Matthew 22:11, 12, 13. And when the king came in to see the guests, he saw there a man which had not a wedding-garment. And he says unto him, Friend, how came you in hither, not having on a wedding-garment? And he was speechless. Then said the king unto the servants, Bind him hand and foot, and take him away, and cast him into outer darkness: There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

Question: What is the second inference from hence?

Answer: That great and manifold are the blessings and advantages which Christians duly prepared may reap by this ordinance. Of Prayer


An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism

Question: WHAT is prayer?

Answer: Prayer is an offering up of our desires unto God, for things agreeable to his will, in the name of Christ, with confession of our sins, and thankful acknowledgment of his mercies.

Question: Who is the proper and only object of prayer?

Answer: God only is the proper object of prayer; it is a part of his natural worship, therefore it is peculiarly his honor and prerogative, and none else can hear and answer them but God; Psalm 65:2. O you that hear prayer, unto you shall all flesh come.

Question: Through whom, or in whose name, are our prayers to be directed to God?

Answer: Our prayers are to be directed to God only through Christ, and his name; and not by the mediation of angels or saints; Colossians 2:18. Let no man beguile you of your reward, in a voluntary humility, and worshiping of angels. For the merit and satisfaction of Christ alone give success and acceptance to our prayers; Revelation 8:3, 4. And another angel came, and stood at the altar, having a golden censer; and there was given unto him much incense, that he should offer it with the prayers of all saints, upon the golden altar, which was before the throne. And the smoke of the incense which came with the prayers of the saints, ascended up before God, out of the angel's hand. 1 Timothy 2:5. For there is one God, and one Mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.

Question: What is the first property or quality of acceptable prayer?

Answer: No prayer can be acceptable to God, except the matter of it be agreeable to his will; James 4:3. You ask and receive not, because you ask amiss, that you may consume it upon your lusts; 1 John 5:14, 15. And this is the confidence that we have in him, that if we ask anything according to his will, he hears us. And if we know that he hear us, whatever we ask, we know that we have the petitions that we desire of him.

Question: Is it enough to make prayer acceptable, that the matter is agreeable to God's will?

Answer: No, it is not; for the manner, as well as the matter, must be so too; Psalm 66:18. If I regard iniquity in my heart, the Lord will not hear me.

Question: What is the first qualification of an acceptable prayer, respecting the manner of it?

Answer: That it be sincere, and flowing from the heart of a regenerate person; Proverbs 15:29. The Lord is far from the wicked; but he hears the prayer of the righteous. Jeremiah 29:13. And you shall seek me, and find me, when you shall search for me with all your heart.

Question: What is the second qualification of prayer respecting the manner?

Answer: It must be performed in the heart of a child of God by the Spirit of adoption; Galatians 4:6. And because you are sons, God has sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father. Romans 8:26. Likewise the Spirit also helps our infirmities; for we know not what we should pray for as we ought; but the Spirit itself makes intercession for us, with groanings which cannot be uttered.

Question: What is the third qualification of an acceptable prayer, respecting the manner?

Answer: It must be fervent and important, not cold and formal, James 5:16.-The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man avails much, Matthew 7:7. Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and you shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you.

Question: Wherein does true importunity with God in prayer consist?

Answer: Not in the multitude of words: Matthew 6:7. But when you pray, use not vain repetitions, as the Heathen do: for they think they shall be heard for their much speaking. But in a holy earnestness of spirit to be heard; Psalm 143:7. Hear me speedily, O Lord, my spirit fails; hide not your face from me, lest I be like unto them that go down into the pit. A prudent choice of prevalent arguments; Job 23:4. I would order my cause before him, and fill my mouth with arguments. And a resolute persistance in our requests, until they be granted; Isaiah 62:7. And give him no rest, until he establish, and until he make Jerusalem a praise in the earth.

Question: Do not prayers thus qualified sometimes miscarry;

Answer: God may delay and suspend the answer of them for a time; Psalm 22:2. O my God I cry in the day-time, but you hear not, etc. But sooner or later God will always answer them, either in the very thing we ask; 1 John 5:15.-We know that we have the petitions that we desired of him: Or in that which is equivalent, or better; Genesis 17:18, 19. And Abraham said unto God, O that Ishmael might live before you: And God said, Sarah your wife shall bear you a son indeed, and you shall call his name Isaac: and I will establish my covenant with him, for an everlasting covenant, and with his seed after him.

Question: Is there no prayer but what is stated and fixed?

Answer: Yes, there is a sudden occasional prayer, which we call ejaculatory. Such was Jacob's, Genesis 49:18. I have waited for your salvation, O Lord. And this is exceeding useful, to maintain constant communion with God, and keep the heart in a spiritual frame.

Question: Is all stated and fixed prayer public in the congregation or church?

Answer: No; stated prayer ought to be in our families, with those under our charge; and in our closets, between God and us alone; Joshua 24:15.-But as for me and my house, we will serve the Lord, And Matthew 6:6. But when you pray, enter into your closet; and when you have shut your door, pray to your Father which is in secret; and your Father which sees in secret shall reward you openly.

Question: What do you infer from hence?

Answer: That the restraint of prayer is not only a great sin, but an ill sign of a graceless heart; Job 6:4. Yes, you cast off fear, and restrain prayer before God. And that which entails a judgment and curse upon men, and their families; Jeremiah 10:25. Pour out your fury upon the Heathen that know you not, and upon the families that call not upon your name.

Question: What is the second inference from the ordinance of prayer?

Answer: That the true reason why we enjoy not the mercies we pray for, is not because God is unwilling to grant mercies, but because we either neglect prayer, or miscarry in the manner of prayer; James 4:2, 3. You lust, and have not: you kill, and desire to have, and cannot obtain: you fight and war, yet you have not, because you ask not. You ask, and receive not, because you ask amiss, that you may consume it upon your lusts. Of Direction in Prayer


An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism

Question: WHAT rule has God given for our direction in the duty of prayer?

Answer: The whole word of God is of use to direct us in prayer; but the special rule of direction, is that form of prayer which Christ taught his disciples, commonly called the Lord's prayer.

Question: Do men need directions, rules, and helps in prayer?

Answer: They do greatly need them, for in, and of ourselves we know not what to pray for as we ought; Romans 8:26. Likewise the Spirit also helps our infirmities; for we know not what we should pray for as we ought, etc. Nor how to pray in a right manner, and for right ends; and a mistake in either frustrates our prayers; James 4:3. You ask, and receive not, because you ask amiss, that you may consume it upon your lusts.

Question: When do men mistake in the matter of their prayer?

Answer: They mistake in the matter of prayer, when they ask of God things that are not lawful, good and agreeable to his will. So the disciples were ready to do, in calling for fire from Heaven on the Samaritans; Luke 9:54, 55. And when his disciples, James and John, saw this, they said, Lord, will you that we command fire to come down from Heaven, and consume them, even as Elijah did? But he turned and rebuked them, and said, You know not what manner of spirit you are of.

Question: When do men mistake in the manner of prayer?

Answer: They mistake in the manner, when they ask mercies of God for carnal ends, to satisfy their lusts; James 4:3. You ask, and receive not, because you ask amiss, that you may consume it upon your lusts. Or in a drowsy and careless manner; Isaiah 64:7. And there is none that calls upon your name, that stirs up himself to take hold of you, etc.

Question: What helps has God afforded us to furnish us to prayer, both in respect of the matter and manner?

Answer: The scriptures abundantly furnish us with all sorts of helps and directions for the matter of prayer. It directs us, both in confession of sin, original and actual; Psalm 51:4, 5. Behold I was shaped in iniquity, and in sin did my mother conceive me. Against you, you only have I sinned, and done this evil in your sight, etc. Petition and thanksgiving; Philippians 4:6. Be careful for nothing, but in everything, by prayer and supplication, with thanksgiving, let your requests be made known unto God.

Question: Does it afford us any help, or direction, as to the manner of prayer also?

Answer: Yes, it does; and that both as to, (1.) Our sincerity in prayer; Hebrews 10:22. Let us draw near with a true heart, in full assurance of faith; having our hears sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies washed with pure water. (2.) As to our humility in prayer; Psalm 10:17. Lord, you have heard the desire of the humble; you will prepare their heart, you will cause your ear to hear. (3.) As to our faith in prayer; James 1:6. But let him ask in faith, nothing wavering, etc. (4.) As to our fervency in prayer; James 5:6.-The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man avails much.

Question: Are these external rules and directions sufficient in themselves to enable us to pray acceptably?

Answer: In respect of external direction they are sufficient, and we need no other outward rules than what the scriptures furnish; but besides that, the internal helps and assistances of the Spirit are necessary to the offering up acceptable prayer; Romans 8:26. Likewise the Spirit also helps our infirmities; for we know not what we should pray for as we ought; but the Spirit itself makes intercession for us, etc.

Question: But does the scripture only furnish us with general rules of direction for prayer;

Answer: No, it furnishes us also with an excellent pattern and example of prayer, composed by Christ for our direction; Matthew 6:9. After this manner therefore pray you: Our Father, which are in Heaven, etc.

Question: Are Christians tied by a necessity to use that form of words? Or was it only intended for a directory to them?

Answer: That form of words may be lawfully used, but it is plain its intention was to regulate our petitions by it; and therefore they that use it in spells and charms, as the Papists; or those that think nothing is prayer, but that form of words; abuse Christ's intention in it.

Question: How does it appear, it was not Christ's intention strictly to bind us to that very form of words in our prayers?

Answer: Divines give us these reasons against it, (1.) Because this prayer is set down diversely by the evangelists; Matthew 6:10, 12. Your kingdom come. Your will be done in earth, as it is in Heaven. And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors. And Luke 11:3, 4. Give us day by day our daily bread. And forgive us our sins; for we also forgive every one that is indebted to us. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. (2.) Christ and his apostles did not always use this form of words afterwards, as appears by his prayer at Lazarus' grave, John 11. and that for his apostles, John 17. (3.) Because these words, Matthew 6:9. After this manner, etc. plainly show, its use was intended for a directory to us.

Question: What is the first inference from hence?

Answer: Hence we learn the fullness and completeness of the Scriptures, not only for the guiding and settling of our faith in things that are to be believed, but also of our whole practice, in every duty we are to perform.

Question: What is the second inference hence?

Answer: Hence we are informed, how necessary it is to acquaint ourselves with the mind of God, revealed in his word, that we may guide ourselves in prayer, both for matter and manner thereby: and not utter to God words without knowledge.

Question: What is the last inference from hence?

Answer: That those who neglect all prayer, and those that satisfy themselves with a form of prayer, which they utter without knowledge of affection, do greatly sin against God. And that it is the duty of all Christians, from a sense of their own sins, wants, and mercies, to be often with God in prayer, guiding themselves in that spiritual duty, by such inward, and outward helps, as his word and Spirit are able to furnish them with. Of the Preface to the Lord's Prayer


An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism

Question: WHAT does the preface of the Lord's prayer teach us?

Answer: The preface to the Lord's prayer, which is, [Our Father which are in Heaven,] teaches us to draw near to God with all holy reverence and confidence, as children to a Father, able and ready to help us: and that we should pray with and for others.

Question: What does the word Father import in this preface?

Answer: It imports the Spirit of adoption to be the principal thing in all acceptable prayers; Galatians 4:6. And because you are sons, God has sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father.

Question: What is the first benefit, or help we have in prayer, from the Spirit of adoption?

Answer: He excites our spirits to seek God in prayer; Psalm 27:8. When you said, Seek you my face; my heart said unto you, Your face, Lord, will I seek.

Question: What is the second assistance he gives us in prayer?

Answer: He writes and suggests suitable and acceptable matter to us in prayer; Romans 8:26. Likewise the Spirit also helps our infirmities: for we know not what we should pray for as we ought; but the Spirit itself makes intercession for us, etc.

Question: What is the third benefit we have by him in prayer?

Answer: He fills our souls with spiritual and holy affections in prayer, and helps us to act his graces in our duties; Romans 8:26. Likewise the Spirit also helps our infirmities: for we know not what we should pray for as we ought; but the Spirit itself makes intercession for us, with groanings which cannot be uttered.

Question: What else does this word Father import?

Answer: It imports that holy confidence which believers may, and ought to draw near to God withal, as children to a Father; Ephesians 3:12. In whom we have boldness and access, with confidence, by the faith of him.

Question: Does it only signify our relation and confidence?

Answer: No, it also signifies the reverential fear of God, which ought at all times to be on our hearts, especially in prayer; Malachi 1:6. A son honors his father, and a servant his master: If then I be a father, where is mine honor? and if I be a master, where is my fear?

Question: What is further imported in this word Father?

Answer: It imports God's willingness and readiness to grant the best mercies to his people that seek them duly at his hand; Matthew 7:11. If you then being evil, know how to give good gifts unto your children; how much more shall your Father which is in Heaven give good things to them that ask him?

Question: Why is he here called our Father?

Answer: To signify to us, that it is not only our duty to pray secretly by and for ourselves, but also with and for others? Ephesians 6:18. Praying always, with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit, and watching thereunto with all perseverance, and supplication for all saints.

Question: Why is God said here to be in Heaven?

Answer: It is to note his sovereign power and dominion over all, as a ground-work of faith in prayer.

Question: What else does it import?

Answer: The great distance between God and us, which should fill our hearts with a holy awe of him; Ecclesiastes 5:2.-God is in Heaven, and you upon earth: therefore let your words be few.

Question: What is the first inference from hence?

Answer: It shows us, what a sad case all those are in, that have no special interest in God as a Father.

Question: What is the second inference from hence?

Answer: It shows us, what a glorious privilege the Lord Jesus Christ has purchased for, and settled on his people? Hebrews 4:15, 16. For we have not an high-priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin. Let us therefore come boldly unto the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy, and find grace to help in time of need.

Question: What is the last inference from hence?

Answer: That seeing believers have a Father in Heaven, they should never fear wants while they live, nor be afraid to die, since death brings them to Heaven their Father's house. Of sanctifying God's Name


An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism

Question: WHAT do we pray for in the first petition?

Answer: In the first petition, which is, [Hallowed be your name,] we pray, that God would enable us and others, to glorify him in all that whereby he makes himself known, and that he would dispose all things to his own glory.

Question: Is there any word full enough, perfectly to express what God is?

Answer: No, his name is secret; Judges 13:18. And the angel of the Lord said unto him. Why ask you thus after my name, seeing it is secret? A name which none can tell; Proverbs 30:4.-What is his name, and what is his Son's name, if you can tell? A name above every name; Philippians 2:9. Wherefore God also has highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name. But the name by which he more especially manifests himself, is the name I AM; Exodus 3:14. And God said unto Moses, I AM THAT I AM: And he said, Thus shall you say unto the children of Israel, I AM has sent me unto you.

Question: What does the name of God, I AM, signify to us?

Answer: It signifies to us, first, The reality of his being, in opposition to idols, which are but imaginary and fantastic things; 1 Corinthians 8:4.-We know that an idol is nothing in the world, etc. God is not only the most perfect Being, but the root of all other beings.

Question: What else does this name I AM import?

Answer: It imports both the perfection and eternity of God's being. I AM implies, he has not that now, which he had not formerly; and that he shall not afterwards have, what he has not now; and that there is neither beginning, end, nor succession with God, whose name is I AM.

Question: But what are we here to understand by the name of God?

Answer: All those things are here intended, by which he manifests himself to the creature; as his words, works, and ordinances, but especially his glorious attributes; Exodus 34:5, 6.-The Lord, the Lord God, merciful and gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in goodness and truth.

Question: What is it to hallow, or sanctify his name?

Answer: Not to infuse any holiness into him, which he had not before; so he sanctifies us; but to manifest and acknowledge the holiness of God; Isaiah 29:23. But when he sees his children, the work of my hands in the midst of him, they shall sanctify my name, and sanctify the holy one of Jacob, and shall fear the God of Israel.

Question: Why hallowed or sanctified, rather than glorified? Why that word, rather than this?

Answer: Because his holiness is the beauty and luster of his other attributes. His greatness appears in his holiness; Isaiah 12:6.-Great is the holy One of Israel in the midst of you. So does his power; Luke 1:49. For he who is mighty has done to me great things, and holy is his name. And therefore his holiness is that attribute, which angels single out especially to celebrate; Isaiah 6:3. And one cried unto another, and said, Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts, etc. And so did men also, as it is the cause why they should glorify him; Exodus 15:11.-Who is like you, glorious in holiness, etc.

Question: What is the first thing we are to intend in this petition?

Answer: The meaning is, that God would so dispose and order all things in the world, as may best promote and advance the glory of his name; on which account we may pray for the defeat of God's enemies; Psalm 83:16, 17, 18. Fill their faces with shame, that they may seek your name, O Lord. Let them be confounded and troubled forever; yes, let them be put to shame, and perish; that men may know that you, whose name alone is Jehovah, are the most High over all the earth. And the deliverance of his church and people; Psalm 79:9. Help us, O God of our salvation, for the glory of your name; and deliver us, and purge away our sins for your name's sake.

Question: What is the second thing we are to intend in it?

Answer: That God would fit us for, and use us in the most serviceable capacity for the glorifying of his name; Psalm 67:1, 2, 3. God be merciful unto us, and bless us, and cause his face to shine upon us: That your way may be known upon earth, your saving health among all nations. Let the people praise you, O God, let all the people praise you.

Question: What is the third thing intended in this petition?

Answer: That God may not only glorify his own name, and use us to glorify it, but that it should be our endeavor and joy to have it glorified by others all the world over; Psalm 145:4, 5, 6. One generation shall praise your works to another, and shall declare your mighty acts. I will speak of the glorious honor of your majesty, and of your wondrous works. And men shall speak of the might of your terrible acts; and I will declare your greatness.

Question: Why must our hearts be so intently set upon the sanctification of God's name?

Answer: Because this is the ultimate end of our own, and every other being; Romans 11:36. For of him, and through him, and to him, are all things; to whom be glory forever, Amen. And the particular end of God in our effectual calling; 1 Peter 2:9 but you are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a peculiar people, that you should show forth the praises of him who has called you out of darkness into his marvelous light.

Question: What is the first inference from hence?

Answer: That the dishonor of God's name must needs be a cutting affliction to a gracious soul; Psalm 42:10. As with a sword in my bones my enemies reproach me; while they say daily unto me, Where is your God?

Question: What is the second inference hence?

Answer: That it is a dreadful infatuation, and spiritual judgment upon those men that think they glorify God in doing those things which his soul hates; Isaiah 66:5. Hear the word of the Lord, you that tremble at his word: Your brethren that hated you, that cast you out for my name's sake, said, Let the Lord be glorified: But he shall appear to your joy, and they shall be ashamed. And John 16:2. They shall put you out of the synagogues: Yes, the time comes, that whoever kills you, he will think that he does God service.

Question: What is the third inference from hence?

Answer: That it should be indifferent to a Christian what condition God puts him into, so that he may but be useful to sanctify and exalt the name of God therein; Philippians 1:20.-As always, so now also Christ shall be magnified in my body, whether it be by life or by death.

Question: What is the last inference hence?

Answer: That it is an high and dreadful provocation of God to profane and abuse his worship, whereon his name is called, and wherein it is to be sanctified; Leviticus 10:1, 2, 3. And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put fire therein, and put incense thereon, and offered strange fire before the Lord, which he commanded them not. And there went out fire from the, Lord, and devoured them, and they died before the Lord. Then Moses said unto Aaron, this is that the Lord spoke, saying, I will be sanctified in them that come near me, and before all the people will I be glorified. Of God's Kingdom


An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism

Question: WHAT do we pray for in the second petition?

Answer: In the second petition, which is, [Your kingdom come,] we pray that Satan's kingdom may be destroyed, and that the kingdom of grace may be advanced, ourselves and others brought into it, and kept in it, and that the kingdom of glory may be hastened.

Question: What is the first thing signified by the kingdom of God here?

Answer: The gospel is here intended by the kingdom of God, Matthew 13:47.-Again, the kingdom of Heaven is like unto a net that was cast into the sea, and gathered of every kind.

Question: What is the thing signified by the coming of this kingdom of God?

Answer: It signifies the removal of all impediments, that hinder its propagation in the world; 2 Thessalonians 3:1. Finally, brethren, pray for us, that the word of the Lord may have free course, and be glorified, even as it is with you.

Question: Who, and what hinders the propagation of it?

Answer: Antichrist, that man of sin, hinders it externally; 2 Thessalonians 2:4. Who opposes and exalts himself above all that is called God, or that is worshiped; so that he as God sits in the temple of God, showing himself that he is God. The devil and men's lusts internally; 1 Thessalonians 2:18. Wherefore we would have come unto you (even I Paul) once and again; but Satan hindered us. Luke 19:14. But his citizens hated him, and sent a messenger after him, saying, We will not have this man to reign over us.

Question: What then is the desire of all good men, with respect to the coming of the gospel-kingdom?

Answer: That all nations may be brought to Christ by the preaching of it, and so Christ's kingdom be greatly exalted and enlarged; Isaiah 2:2. And it shall come to pass in the last days, that the mountain of the Lord's house shall be established in the top of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills; and all nations shall flow into it.

Question: What is the second thing here meant by the kingdom of God?

Answer: It signifies and intends the work of saving grace wrought in men's souls; Luke 17:21.-Behold, the kingdom of God is within you.

Question: Why is this work of grace called the kingdom of God?

Answer: Because wherever saving-grace comes, it subdues the soul to Christ's scepter; 2 Corinthians 10:5. Casting down imaginations, and every high thing that exalts itself against the knowledge of God, and brings into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ?

Question: Wherein consists the kingdom of grace?

Answer: It consists not in external rites and observances, but in righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit; Romans 14:17. For the kingdom of God is not food and drink, but righteousness and peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit.

Question: What do we ask of God in this petition, with respect to this kingdom of grace?

Answer: Herein we desire not only our own personal progressive sanctification, but the sanctification of others all the world over; Acts 26:29. And Paul said, I would to God that not only you, but also all that hear me this day, were both almost, and altogether such as I am, except these bonds.

Question: What is the third thing here meant by the kingdom of God?

Answer: By it is here meant the future state of glory and blessedness; 1 Corinthians 15:50. Now this I say, brethren, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, etc.

Question: Why is the heavenly state called the kingdom of God?

Answer: This is called the kingdom of God, because in that state God reigns over his people gloriously, there being no rebellion in them in the least degree; Luke 20:36.-For they are equal unto the angels, and are the children of God, being the children of the resurrection. And they reign with Christ; Revelation 3:21. To him that overcomes, will I grant to sit with me in my throne, etc.

Question: What do we desire in prayer for the coming of this kingdom?

Answer: We desire not only our preservation in our passage to that state of glory; 1 Peter 5:10. But the God of all grace, who has called us unto his eternal glory by Christ Jesus, after that you have suffered a while, make you perfect, establish, strengthen, settle you. But the hastening of it to ourselves and others; Revelation 22:20.-Amen, even so come Lord Jesus.

Question: What is the first instruction hence?

Answer: That the gospel is an invaluable mercy, as it is the instrument of bringing us into Christ's gracious and glorious kingdom; Acts 26:18. To open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith that is in me.

Question: What is the second inference from hence?

Answer: That men may really hate and oppose the very thing they pray for.

Question: What is the last instruction hence?

Answer: That however firmly Satan's and Antichrist's kingdom seem to be founded in the world, they must and shall fall before the daily prayers of the saints. Concerning the Doing of God's Will


An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism

Question: WHAT do we pray for in the third petition?

Answer: In the third petition, which is, [Your will be done in earth as it is in Heaven], we pray that God, by his grace, would make us able and willing to know, obey, and submit to his will in all things, as the angels do in Heaven.

Question: What will of God is here intended?

Answer: Not the will of his decree; for that is in himself alone; 1 Corinthians 2:11. The things of God knows no man, but the Spirit of God.

Question: What will then is here meant?

Answer: The will of his providence may be here meant; Psalm 125:6. Whatever the Lord pleased, that did he in Heaven, and in earth, and in the seas, and all deep places. And Psalm 119:89. Forever, O Lord, your word is settled in Heaven. Verse 91. They continue this day according to your ordinances; for all are your servants.

Question: How are we to understand the doing of this will of providence in Heaven?

Answer: (1.) As it done by the sun, moon, and stars; Psalm 119:89. Your word is settled in Heaven. Verse 91. They continue this day according to your ordinances. Psalm 19:6. His going forth is from the end of the Heaven, and his circuit unto the ends of it; and there is nothing hidden from the heat thereof. (2.) As it is done by angels; Psalm 104:4. Who makes the angels spirits, his ministers a flaming fire. Hebrews 1:14. Are they not all ministering spirits, sent forth to minister for them who shall be heirs of salvation?

Question: How do these perform the will of God's providence?

Answer: (1.) The heavenly bodies do it evenly, constantly, and unweariedly; Psalm 104:19. He appoints the moon for seasons, the sun knows his going down. (2.) The angels do it speedily, voluntarily, cheerfully, and so knowingly; Psalm 103:21. You ministers of his that do his pleasure.

Question: Must we be agents in this providential will?

Answer: Yes, we must; Acts 13:36. For David, after he had served his generation by the will of God, fell on sleep.

Question: How must we do it?

Answer: By employing our abilities, faculties, and interests, in the duties of our particular callings, and by moving constantly, prudently, and vigorously in our own sphere, and so imitate those in Heaven.

Question: Why do we pray that God's will of providence may be done by us?

Answer: Because we are his creatures, and the most noble instrument of the inferior world; and therefore we should be willing to be acted by him, and active for him; and because this will of providence is always just, good, and true, and for his own glory; Psalm 145:17. The Lord is righteous in all his ways, and holy in all his works. Psalm 119:89. Forever, O Lord, your word is settled in Heaven. Verse 91. They continue this day according to your ordinances; for all are your servants.

Question: What other will of God is here meant?

Answer: The will of his precepts, and this is chiefly intended.

Question: And how is this will of God done in Heaven?

Answer: By the angels it is done universally, cheerfully, constantly, humbly, thankfully, readily; Psalm 103:20. Bless the Lord, you his angels that excel in strength, that do his commandments, hearkening unto the voice of his word. And so it is done by the saints in Heaven; Revelation 7:15. Therefore are they before the throne of God, and serve him day and night in his temple; And chapter 22:3. And his servants shall serve him.

Question: Do we pray then that we may thus do the will of God?

Answer: Yes; for though we cannot perfectly without sin do it, yet that is our duty; Matthew 5 ult. be therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in Heaven is perfect. And in all other particulars we may and we must intimate them herein; Psalm 119:6. Then shall I not be ashamed, when I have respect unto all your commandments. Verse 14. I have rejoiced in the way of your testimonies as much as in all riches. Verse 69. I made haste, and delayed not to keep your commandments. Verse 112, etc. I have inclined my heart to perform your statutes always even unto the end.

Question: How must we know God's will?

Answer: Not notionally and rationally only; but spiritually also; 1 Corinthians 2:14. They are spiritually discerned.

Question: Why is knowing God's will placed here before doing it, etc.?

Answer: Because the understanding is the leading faculty, without which it is impossible there should be any obedience; Proverbs 19:2. Also that the soul be without knowledge it is not good. Jeremiah 5:4. Therefore I said, Surely these are poor, they are foolish; for they know not the way of the Lord, nor the judgment of their God.

Question: Why pray we to God for this knowledge? can we not know it of ourselves?

Answer: No, it is the special gift and grace of God; Galatians 1:15, 16. But when it pleased God, who separated me from my mother's womb, and called me by his grace, to reveal his Son in me, that I might preach him among the Heathen, immediately I conferred not with flesh and blood. Ephesians 1:17, 19. That the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give unto you the Spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him.-And what is the exceeding greatness of his power to us-ward who believe, according to the working of his mighty power. Ephesians 5:8. For you were sometimes darkness, but now are you light in the Lord.

Question: Why do we pray that we may obey; can we not do it of our own free-will when we know it?

Answer: No, for our wills are stubborn and rebellious against God's commands, as well as our minds ignorant of them; Romans 8:7. Because the carnal mind is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be. Ezekiel 36:25, 26. Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and you shall be clean; from all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you. A new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you; and I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you an heart of flesh. Philippians 2:13. For it is God that works in you, both to will and to do of his good pleasure.

Question: What is meant by submitting to God's will?

Answer: (1.) Either a voluntary subjection of soul, and a preparedness actually to do his will: Or, (2.) A voluntary and silent submission to his will of providence in affliction: but in this particular we cannot imitate those in Heaven, because no cross ever befalls them.

Question: Why is will added in all things?

Answer: Because partial obedience is no obedience; he who does not obey God in everything, obeys him in nothing; James 2:10. For whoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all.

Question: Why do we pray that God by his grace would work this will in us, and by us?

Answer: Because it is free grace that determines it; 2 Timothy 1:9. Who has saved us, and called us with a holy calling, not according to our works, but according to his own purpose and grace, which was given us in Christ Jesus, before the world began. And efficacious grace that works it in us, and enables us to do it; Ephesians 5:8. For you were sometimes darkness, but now are you light in the Lord. Verse 10. Proving what is acceptable unto the Lord.

Question: What is the first inference from hence?

Answer: That it is man's glory and felicity to be conformed to the will of God, Proverbs 12:26. The righteous is more excellent than his neighbor. Psalm 19:10, 11. More to be desired are they than gold, yes, than much fine gold; sweeter also than honey and the honeycomb. Moreover, by them is your servant warned, and in keeping of them there is great reward.

Question: What is the second inference?

Answer: That we must mortify in ourselves every lust that contradicts God's will, and renounce without ourselves everything that comes in competition therewith; 1 Corinthians 9 ult. But I keep under my body, and bring it into subjection; lest that by any means, when I have preached to others, I myself should be a cast-away. Galatians 6:14. But God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom the world is crucified unto me, and I unto the world.

Question: What is the third inference?

Answer: That it is in vain, yes, a provocation to pray, if we be not obedient to God's will; Proverbs 2:8, 9. He keeps the paths of judgment, and preserves the way of his saints. Then shall you understand righteousness, and judgment, and equity; yes, every good path.

Question: What is the fourth inference?

Answer: That the law still has the authority of a rule to believers, because it reveals God's will, which they must do. Concerning our daily Bread


An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism

Question: WHAT do we pray for in the fourth petition?

Answer: In the fourth petition, which is, [Give us this day our daily bread,] we pray that of God's free gift we may receive a competent portion of the good things of this life, and enjoy his blessing with them.

Question: Why is this petition placed after the three former?

Answer: Because those concern immediately and generally God's glory, in the advancement of his name, kingdom and will, which ought to be preferred to all our personal concerns; Psalm 69:9. The zeal of your house has eaten me up. Acts 21:13. I am ready not to be bound only, but also to die at Jerusalem for the name of the Lord Jesus.

Question: Why is it put before the two following petitions?

Answer: Not for its worth, but for its order; for we can have no spiritual blessings, unless we have a natural being in this life.

Question: What kind of bread is here meant?

Answer: Not spiritual bread, or our Lord Jesus Christ, (as some,) but corporal and temporal.

Question: What is included in this word bread?

Answer: Not that only which we call strictly bread, but all the good things of this present life.

Question: Do we hereby beg pure necessities only?

Answer: No, we pray for conveniences for our comfort, as well as necessities for our life.

Question: Do we herein pray only for personal good things for our being?

Answer: No, we pray for civil good things for our condition, that according to our degree in the world, in which God has placed us, we may have a convenient allowance.

Question: Do we pray here for ourselves only?

Answer: No, but also for our charge, children, and family, that under and with us they may have the good things of this life.

Question: Why do we pray to God for these good things, can we not get them ourselves, or our fellow-creatures give them to us?

Answer: Not without God: whatever we have of these things, they are from God; whoever be the second cause or instrument: If ourselves, God gives us ability and success to get them; if others, God inclined their hearts, and opened their hands to bestow them; Deuteronomy 8:17, 18. And you say in your heart. My power and the might of my hand has gotten me this wealth. But you shall remember the Lord your God; for it is he who gives you power to get wealth.

Question: Why do we pray to God to give us bread?

Answer: Because the least crumb of bread is a free gift, and never can be merited by all we can do or suffer; Luke 17:10. So likewise you, when you shall have done all these things which are commanded you, say, We are unprofitable servants.

Question: Why are all these things couched under the expression of bread?

Answer: (1.) Because bread is one of the most necessary and useful things to preserve life. (2.) Because we must not ask delicacies and dainties of God.

Question: What is meant by day in our petition?

Answer: Either (1.) A natural day of twenty four hours; or, (2.) The day of our whole life.

Question: Why do we pray for daily bread?

Answer: Because God must give us the mercies and good things of everyday, or else we cannot have them.

Question: Why should we not pray for weekly, or monthly, or yearly bread, as well as daily?

Answer: (1.) Because it is fit we should be still sensible of our dependence upon God. (2.) Because we do frequently pray to God, and so exert our graces, and maintain communion with him, and daily render thanks for daily favors; Psalm 55:17. Evening and morning, and at noon will I pray, and cry aloud, and he shall hear my voice.

Question: What need we to pray for daily bread, when we may have stores laid up for years?

Answer: They that have the good things of this life need to pray this petition, as well as they that have them not. Not that they may have bread, but that it may be bread to them: for except God give his blessing upon it, bread would be ashes, and not sustenance to us; neither could all the comforts of this life do us any good; Isaiah 3:1. For behold, the Lord, the Lord of hosts does take away from Jerusalem, and from Judah, the whole stay of bread, and the whole stay of water. Malachi 2:1, 2. And now, O you priests, this commandment is for you: if you will not hear, and if you will not lay it to heart, to give glory unto my name, says the Lord of hosts, I will even send a curse upon you, and I will curse your blessings; yes, I have cursed them already, because you do not lay it to heart.

Question: Why do we pray only for daily bread, or a competency, may we not pray for abundance and riches?

Answer: No, because riches are a great snare and temptation; Matthew 19:23, 24. Then said Jesus unto his disciples, Truly I say unto you, that a rich man shall hardly enter into the kingdom of Heaven. And again I say unto you, It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God. Proverbs 30:8, 9. Remove far from me vanity and lies; give me neither poverty nor riches, feed me with food convenient for me: lest I be full and deny you, and say, Who is the Lord? Or lest I be poor, and steal, and take the name of my God in vain.

Question: What shall we then do with riches, if providence cast them upon us, shall we cast them away?

Answer: No, for some of the best of men, and greatest of God's favorites, have lived and died rich. But, (1.) We must wean our hearts from them; Psalm 62:10. Trust not in oppression, and become not vain in robbery; if riches increase, set not your heart upon them. (2.) Be thankful for them; and, (3.) Fruitful with them in acts of piety and charity; 1 Timothy 6:17, 19. Charge them that are rich in this world, that they be not high-minded, nor trust in uncertain riches, but in the living God, who gives us richly all things to enjoy: laying up in store for themselves a good foundation against the time to come, that they may lay hold on eternal life.

Question: Wherefore is the bread called our bread?

Answer: Not because we are absolute lords and possessors of it, for it is God's only; Psalm 24:1, 2. The earth is the Lord's and the fullness thereof; the world, and they that dwell therein. For he has founded it upon the seas, and established it upon the floods. Psalm 50:10, 12. For every beast of the forest is mine, and the cattle upon a thousand hills. If I were hungry, I would not tell you, for the world is mine, and the fullness thereof. But, (1.) Because we must have a covenant right to it; and, (2.) A civil right; we must come lawfully and honestly by, and so keep the good things of this life; 2 Thessalonians 3:10. For even when we were with you, this we commanded you, that if any would not work, neither should he eat.

Question: Having prayed for our daily bread, need we to labor and endeavor to get it?

Answer: Yes, we must labor in good and honest callings; God's blessing and man's industry must concur towards the present maintenance of life; Psalm 128:1, 2. Blessed is every one that fears the Lord: that walks in his ways. For you shall eat the labor of your hands: happy shall you be, and it shall be well with you. Proverbs 10:4, 22. He becomes poor that deals with a slack hand; but the hand of the diligent makes rich. The blessing of the Lord makes rich, and he adds no sorrow with it.

Question: What is the first inference from it?

Answer: That we must not seek great matters for ourselves, neither make them the matter of prayer to God; nor the end and design of our labors and callings among men.

Question: What is a second inference from hence?

Answer: That having food and clothing, we must be therewith content, and therefore thankful; 1 Timothy 6:8. And having food and clothing, let us be therewith content. 1 Thessalonians 5:18. In everything give thanks.

Question: What is the third inference?

Answer: That we ascribe not our success in the world to our own skill and industry, for the wisest and most industrious do sometimes labor in the fire, and put their gain in a bag with holes; but to God's free donation to us, and to his blessing upon our endeavors; Genesis 33:5, 11. And he lift up his eyes, and saw the women and the children, and said, Who are those with you? And he said, the children which God has graciously given your servant.-Take, I pray you, my blessing that is brought to you, because God has dealt graciously with me, and because I have enough. Deuteronomy 28:3. Blessed shall you be in the city, and blessed shall you be in the field. Verse 6. Blessed shall you be when you come in, and blessed shall you be when you go out. Concerning Forgiveness of Sins