--- license: mit pretty_name: PRBench language: - en tags: - physics - benchmark - agents - scientific-reproduction - paper-reproduction size_categories: - n<1K configs: - config_name: default data_files: - split: test path: tasks.jsonl --- # PRBench: Physics Paper Reproduction Benchmark PRBench evaluates whether an AI agent can read a physics paper and reproduce its computational results from scratch: understand the method, implement the simulation or calculation without the paper's original code, run it, and produce figure/table data that a model judge compares against withheld reference results. This repository contains the **public task specifications** for 31 tasks spanning plasma physics, nuclear and particle theory, lattice QCD, strong-field and attosecond physics, quantum optics, trapped-ion quantum computing, condensed matter, heavy-ion hydrodynamics, atomic structure, astrophysics, and computational electromagnetics. ## What is included Each task directory holds exactly what the solving agent is given: | File | Purpose | |------|---------| | `task.yaml` | Task configuration: paper info, expected output files, Docker environment, grading rubric (full and code-only modes) | | `instruction.md` | The instruction sent to the agent: target figures/tables, required code files, CSV output formats, and (for most tasks) banned libraries | | `.md` | The paper, converted to Markdown (the agent's only view of the paper) | | images, `images/`, `images1/` | Paper figures copied into the agent workspace (only for tasks that have them) | | `eosq.dat` | Input data file required by `task_kolb_2003` (declared in `input_files`) | `tasks.jsonl` is a one-row-per-task index (paper metadata, full instruction text, expected outputs, environment, and rubric weights) that drives the dataset viewer. ## What is withheld To keep the benchmark usable for evaluation, grading references are **not** published: - `metadata.md`: ground-truth formulas and methodology used by the judge - `data/`: reference CSV outputs - `reproduce/` / `reproduction/`: reference implementations - original source archives and PDFs Fields in `task.yaml` such as `metadata_file`, `ground_truth_data_dir`, and `ground_truth_code_dir` refer to these withheld files. ## Evaluation protocol An evaluation run copies the paper Markdown, figures, and input files into an isolated Docker workspace and sends `instruction.md` to the agent. The agent must write: 1. `reproduction/ANALYSIS.md`: its analysis of the paper's methodology, 2. the code files listed under `expected_outputs.code`, 3. the CSV files listed under `expected_outputs.data`. Only after the agent finishes is the ground truth placed in the workspace, and a model judge scores the submission on the rubric dimensions in `task.yaml` (typically methodology understanding, code correctness, data accuracy, and completeness, with data accuracy weighted most heavily). In **code-only mode**, the `code_only.instruction_suffix` is appended to the instruction, the agent writes code without running it, and the `code_only.grading` rubric applies. ## Loading ```python from datasets import load_dataset tasks = load_dataset("Rise-AGI/PRBench", split="test") # or fetch the full task directories from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download path = snapshot_download("Rise-AGI/PRBench", repo_type="dataset") ``` ## Tasks | Task ID | Paper | Authors | Year | Reference | |---------|-------|---------|------|-----------| | `task_bude_2021` | Accelerating simulations of electromagnetic waves in hot, magnetized fusion plasmas | R H S Budé, D Van Eester, J van Dijk, R J E Jaspers and A B Smolders | 2021 | [10.1088/1361-6587/abd619](https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/abd619) | | `task_davighi_2024` | Topological Portal to the Dark Sector | Joe Davighi, Admir Greljo, Nudžeim Selimović | 2024 | arXiv:2401.09528 | | `task_dimitrov_2000` | Chirality of Nuclear Rotation | S. Dimitrov, T. Frauendorf, F. Dönau | 2000 | [10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.5732](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.5732) | | `task_dong_2025` | Enhanced nonlinear Hall effect by Cooper pairs near the superconducting phase transition | Zi-Hao Dong, Hui Yang, Yi Zhang | 2025 | [10.1103/PhysRevB.111.155120](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.111.155120) | | `task_fu_2001` | Classical collisional trajectories as the source of strong-field double ionization of helium in the knee regime | L. B. Fu, J. Liu, J. Chen, S. G. Chen | 2001 | [10.1103/PhysRevA.63.043416](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.63.043416) | | `task_fu_2008` | Energetic-Particle-Induced Geodesic Acoustic Mode | Guoyong Fu | 2008 | [10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.185002](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.185002) | | `task_fukushima_2004` | Chiral effective model with the Polyakov loop | Kenji Fukushima | 2004 | [10.1016/j.physletb.2004.04.027](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2004.04.027) | | `task_gralla_2018` | Observational Signature of High Spin at the Event Horizon Telescope | Samuel E. Gralla, Alexandru Lupsasca, Andrew Strominger | 2018 | [10.1093/mnras/sty039](https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty039) | | `task_harris_1989` | Lasers without Inversion: Interference of Lifetime-Broadened Resonances | S. E. Harris | 1989 | [10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.1033](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.1033) | | `task_harris_1999` | Nonlinear Optics at Low Light Levels | S. E. Harris and Lene Vestergaard Hau | 1999 | [10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.4611](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.4611) | | `task_ishikawa_1982` | The glueball mass spectrum in QCD: first results of a lattice Monte Carlo calculation | K. Ishikawa, M. Teper, G. Schierholz | 1982 | — | | `task_kolb_2003` | Hydrodynamic description of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions | Peter F. Kolb and Ulrich Heinz | 2003 | nucl-th/0305084v2 | | `task_li_2014` | Classical-Quantum Correspondence for Above-Threshold Ionization | Min Li, Ji-Wei Geng, Hong Liu, Yongkai Deng, Chengyin Wu, Liang-You Peng, Qihuang Gong, Yunquan Liu | 2014 | [10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.113002](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.113002) | | `task_lin_2020` | Bootstraps to Strings: Solving Random Matrix Models with Positivity | Henry W. Lin | 2020 | arXiv:2002.08387 | | `task_liu_2025` | Scattering Entanglement Entropy and Its Implications for Electroweak Phase Transitions | Jia Liu, Masanori Tanaka, Xiao-Ping Wang, Jing-Jun Zhang, Zifan Zheng | 2025 | arXiv:2505.06001v2 | | `task_luscher_1991` | Signatures of unstable particles in finite volume | Martin Luscher | 1991 | [10.1016/0550-3213(91)90584-K](https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(91)90584-K) | | `task_monmayrant_2010` | A newcomer's guide to ultrashort pulse shaping and characterization | Antoine Monmayrant, Sébastien Weber, Béatrice Chatel | 2010 | [10.1088/0953-4075/43/10/103001](https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/43/10/103001) | | `task_parke_1986` | Amplitude for n-Gluon Scattering | Stephen J. Parke and T. R. Taylor | 1986 | [10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.2459](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.2459) | | `task_ratti_2006` | Phases of QCD: Lattice thermodynamics and a field theoretical model | Claudia Ratti, Michael A. Thaler, Wolfram Weise | 2006 | [10.1103/PhysRevD.73.014019](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.73.014019) | | `task_roothaan_1960` | Self-Consistent Field Theory for Atomic Systems | Clemens C. J. Roothaan | 1960 | [10.1103/RevModPhys.32.186](https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.32.186) | | `task_rosenbluth_1998` | Poloidal Flow Driven by Ion-Temperature-Gradient Turbulence in Tokamaks | M. N. Rosenbluth, F. L. Hinton | 1998 | [10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.724](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.724) | | `task_shvetsov_2016` | Semiclassical two-step model for strong-field ionization | N. I. Shvetsov-Shilovski et al. | 2016 | [10.1103/PhysRevA.94.013415](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.94.013415) | | `task_vautherin_1972` | Hartree-Fock Calculations with Skyrme's Interaction. I. Spherical Nuclei | D. Vautherin and D. M. Brink | 1972 | [10.1103/PhysRevC.5.626](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.5.626) | | `task_wang_2015` | Quantum Computation under Micromotion in a Planar Ion Crystal | S.-T. Wang, C. Shen, L.-M. Duan | 2015 | [10.1038/srep08555](https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08555) | | `task_white_1993` | Density-matrix algorithms for quantum renormalization groups | Steven R. White | 1993 | [10.1103/PhysRevB.48.10345](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.48.10345) | | `task_wu_2013` | Time-domain Perspective on Autler-Townes Splitting in Attosecond Transient Absorption | Mengxi Wu, Shaohao Chen, Mette B. Gaarde, Kenneth J. Schafer | 2013 | [10.1103/PhysRevA.88.043416](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.88.043416) | | `task_wu_2018` | Noise analysis for high-fidelity quantum entangling gates in an anharmonic linear Paul trap | Yukai Wu, Sheng-Tao Wang, L.-M. Duan | 2018 | [10.1103/PhysRevA.97.062325](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.97.062325) | | `task_wu_2021` | High-fidelity entangling gates in a three-dimensional ion crystal under micromotion | Y.-K. Wu, Z.-D. Liu, W.-D. Zhao, L.-M. Duan | 2021 | [10.1103/PhysRevA.103.022419](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.103.022419) | | `task_xie_2025` | Developing a linear fluid plasma model with accurate kinetic Bernstein waves: A first step | Huasheng Xie | 2025 | [10.1063/5.0274495](https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0274495) | | `task_xue_2023` | Generalized Quantum Measurements on a Higher-Dimensional System via Quantum Walks | Peng Xue | 2023 | [10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.150803](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.150803) | | `task_yee_1966` | Numerical Solution of Initial Boundary Value Problems Involving Maxwell's Equations in Isotropic Media | Kane S. Yee | 1966 | [10.1109/TAP.1966.1138693](https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1966.1138693) | ## Notes - Paper Markdown was produced by automatic PDF conversion. Some image links point to external hosts or to figures that are not included. - Paper texts and figures remain the copyright of their original authors and publishers and are included solely for research evaluation. The MIT license applies to the task specifications (instructions, configurations, and index).