package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

var sc = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func Scan() string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}
func rScan() []rune {
	return []rune(Scan())
}
func iScan() int {
	n, _ := strconv.Atoi(Scan())
	return n
}
func fScan() float64 {
	n, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(Scan(), 64)
	return n
}
func stringToInt(s string) int {
	n, _ := strconv.Atoi(s)
	return n
}
func SScan(n int) []string {
	a := make([]string, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		a[i] = Scan()
	}
	return a
}
func iSScan(n int) []int {
	a := make([]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		a[i] = iScan()
	}
	return a
}
func abs(x int) int {
	if x < 0 {
		x = -x
	}
	return x
}
func mod(x, d int) int {
	x %= d
	if x < 0 {
		x += d
	}
	return x
}
func larger(a, b int) int {
	if a < b {
		return b
	} else {
		return a
	}
}
func smaller(a, b int) int {
	if a > b {
		return b
	} else {
		return a
	}
}
func max(a []int) int {
	x := -int(1e+18)
	for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ {
		if x < a[i] {
			x = a[i]
		}
	}
	return x
}
func min(a []int) int {
	x := int(1e+18)
	for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ {
		if x > a[i] {
			x = a[i]
		}
	}
	return x
}
func sum(a []int) int {
	x := 0
	for _, v := range a {
		x += v
	}
	return x
}
func fSum(a []float64) float64 {
	x := 0.
	for _, v := range a {
		x += v
	}
	return x
}
func bPrint(f bool, x string, y string) {
	if f {
		fmt.Println(x)
	} else {
		fmt.Println(y)
	}
}
func iSSPrint(x []int) {
	fmt.Println(strings.Trim(fmt.Sprint(x), "[]"))
}

var lp1 int = 1000000007
var lp2 int = 998244353

func main() {
	buf := make([]byte, 0)
	sc.Buffer(buf, lp1)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	n := iScan()
	m := iScan()
	a := iSScan(n)
	uf := newUnionFind(n)
	for i := 0; i < m; i++ {
		uf.unite(iScan(), iScan())
	}
	g := uf.groups()
	ga := make([][]int, len(g))
	if len(ga) == 1 {
		fmt.Println(0)
	} else {
		ans := 0
		for i, v := range g {
			ga[i] = make([]int, len(v))
			for j, u := range v {
				ga[i][j] = a[u]
			}
			sort.Ints(ga[i])
			ans += ga[i][0]
			ga[i] = ga[i][1:]
		}
		e := len(ga) - 2
		x := make([]int, 0, n)
		for _, v := range ga {
			for _, u := range v {
				x = append(x, u)
			}
		}
		sort.Ints(x)
		if len(x) < e {
			fmt.Println("Impossible")
		} else {
			ans += sum(x[:e])
			fmt.Println(ans)
		}
	}
}

type UnionFind struct {
	n   int
	par []int
}

func newUnionFind(n int) *UnionFind {
	uf := new(UnionFind)
	uf.n = n
	uf.par = make([]int, n)
	for i, _ := range uf.par {
		uf.par[i] = -1
	}
	return uf
}
func (uf UnionFind) root(x int) int {
	if uf.par[x] < 0 {
		return x
	}
	uf.par[x] = uf.root(uf.par[x])
	return uf.par[x]
}
func (uf UnionFind) unite(x, y int) {
	rx, ry := uf.root(x), uf.root(y)
	if rx != ry {
		if uf.size(rx) > uf.size(ry) {
			rx, ry = ry, rx
		}
		uf.par[ry] += uf.par[rx]
		uf.par[rx] = ry
	}
}
func (uf UnionFind) same(x, y int) bool {
	return uf.root(x) == uf.root(y)
}
func (uf UnionFind) size(x int) int {
	return -uf.par[uf.root(x)]
}
func (uf UnionFind) groups() [][]int {
	rootBuf, groupSize := make([]int, uf.n), make([]int, uf.n)
	for i := 0; i < uf.n; i++ {
		rootBuf[i] = uf.root(i)
		groupSize[rootBuf[i]]++
	}
	res := make([][]int, uf.n)
	for i := 0; i < uf.n; i++ {
		res[i] = make([]int, 0, groupSize[i])
	}
	for i := 0; i < uf.n; i++ {
		res[rootBuf[i]] = append(res[rootBuf[i]], i)
	}
	result := make([][]int, 0, uf.n)
	for i := 0; i < uf.n; i++ {
		if len(res[i]) != 0 {
			r := make([]int, len(res[i]))
			copy(r, res[i])
			result = append(result, r)
		}
	}
	return result
}

Score : 600 points

Problem Statement

You are given a forest with N vertices and M edges. The vertices are numbered 0 through N-1.
The edges are given in the format (x_i,y_i), which means that Vertex x_i and y_i are connected by an edge.

Each vertex i has a value a_i.
You want to add edges in the given forest so that the forest becomes connected.
To add an edge, you choose two different vertices i and j, then span an edge between i and j.
This operation costs a_i + a_j dollars, and afterward neither Vertex i nor j can be selected again.

Find the minimum total cost required to make the forest connected, or print Impossible if it is impossible.

Constraints

1 ≤ N ≤ 100,000

0 ≤ M ≤ N-1

1 ≤ a_i ≤ 10^9

0 ≤ x_i,y_i ≤ N-1

The given graph is a forest.

All input values are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M
a_0 a_1 .. a_{N-1}
x_1 y_1
x_2 y_2
:
x_M y_M

Output

Print the minimum total cost required to make the forest connected, or print Impossible if it is impossible.

Sample Input 1

7 5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3 0
4 0
1 2
1 3
5 6

Sample Output 1

7

If we connect vertices 0 and 5, the graph becomes connected, for the cost of 1 + 6 = 7 dollars.

Sample Input 2

5 0
3 1 4 1 5

Sample Output 2

Impossible

We can't make the graph connected.

Sample Input 3

1 0
5

Sample Output 3

0

The graph is already connected, so we do not need to add any edges.


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	var wtr = bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	var scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanLines)
	var a, b, c int
	if scanner.Scan() {
		str := scanner.Text()
		cols := strings.Split(str, " ")
		a, _ = strconv.Atoi(cols[0])
		b, _ = strconv.Atoi(cols[1])
		c, _ = strconv.Atoi(cols[0] + cols[1])
	}
	_ = a
	_ = b
	max := 100 * 100
	ans := "No"
	for i := 1; i < max; i++ {
		t := i * i
		if t == c {
			ans = "Yes"
			break
		}
		if t > c {
			break
		}
	}

	fmt.Fprintln(wtr, ans)
	_ = wtr.Flush()
}

Global OOD problem IDs are disjoint from train, validation, and in-distribution test problem IDs.

Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

AtCoDeer the deer has found two positive integers, a and b.
Determine whether the concatenation of a and b in this order is a square number.

Constraints

1 ≤ a,b ≤ 100

a and b are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

a b

Output

If the concatenation of a and b in this order is a square number, print Yes; otherwise, print No.

Sample Input 1

1 21

Sample Output 1

Yes

As 121 = 11 × 11, it is a square number.

Sample Input 2

100 100

Sample Output 2

No

100100 is not a square number.

Sample Input 3

12 10

Sample Output 3

No

Submitted source-code file size, in bytes.

Execution CPU time reported by official Project CodeNet metadata, in milliseconds.

Peak memory usage reported by official Project CodeNet metadata, in kilobytes.


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

var (
	sc = bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
)

type pos struct {
	t, x, y int
}

func main() {
	N := scanInt()
	c := &pos{t: 0, x: 0, y: 0}
	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
		n := &pos{t: scanInt(), x: scanInt(), y: scanInt()}
		if !rec(c, n) {
			fmt.Println("No")
			return
		}
		c = n
	}
	fmt.Println("Yes")
}

func rec(c, n *pos) bool {
	if c.t == n.t {
		if c.x == n.x && c.y == n.y {
			return true
		} else {
			return false
		}
	}
	// x+1, y
	if rec(&pos{t: c.t + 1, x: c.x + 1, y: c.y}, n) {
		return true
	}
	// x-1, y
	if rec(&pos{t: c.t + 1, x: c.x - 1, y: c.y}, n) {
		return true
	}
	// x, y+1
	if rec(&pos{t: c.t + 1, x: c.x, y: c.y + 1}, n) {
		return true
	}
	// x, y-1
	if rec(&pos{t: c.t + 1, x: c.x, y: c.y - 1}, n) {
		return true
	}

	return false
}

func scan(a ...interface{}) { _, err := fmt.Fscan(sc, a...); pnc(err) }
func scanStr() (s string)   { scan(&s); return }
func scanInt() int          { i, err := strconv.Atoi(scanStr()); pnc(err); return i }
func scanFloat() float64    { f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(scanStr(), 64); pnc(err); return f }
func pnc(err error) {
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
}

Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

AtCoDeer the deer is going on a trip in a two-dimensional plane.
In his plan, he will depart from point (0, 0) at time 0, then for each i between 1 and N (inclusive), he will visit point (x_i,y_i) at time t_i.

If AtCoDeer is at point (x, y) at time t, he can be at one of the following points at time t+1: (x+1,y), (x-1,y), (x,y+1) and (x,y-1).
Note that he cannot stay at his place.
Determine whether he can carry out his plan.

Constraints

1 ≤ N ≤ 10^5

0 ≤ x_i ≤ 10^5

0 ≤ y_i ≤ 10^5

1 ≤ t_i ≤ 10^5

t_i < t_{i+1} (1 ≤ i ≤ N-1)

All input values are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
t_1 x_1 y_1
t_2 x_2 y_2
:
t_N x_N y_N

Output

If AtCoDeer can carry out his plan, print Yes; if he cannot, print No.

Sample Input 1

2
3 1 2
6 1 1

Sample Output 1

Yes

For example, he can travel as follows: (0,0), (0,1), (1,1), (1,2), (1,1), (1,0), then (1,1).

Sample Input 2

1
2 100 100

Sample Output 2

No

It is impossible to be at (100,100) two seconds after being at (0,0).

Sample Input 3

2
5 1 1
100 1 1

Sample Output 3

No


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

func main() {
	fsc := NewFastScanner()
	_, A, B := fsc.NextInt(), fsc.NextInt(), fsc.NextInt()
	diff := B - A
	if diff == 1 {
		fmt.Println("Borys")
	} else {
		if diff%2 == 0 {
			fmt.Println("Alice")
		} else {
			fmt.Println("Borys")
		}
	}
}

//template
type FastScanner struct {
	r   *bufio.Reader
	buf []byte
	p   int
}

func NewFastScanner() *FastScanner {
	rdr := bufio.NewReaderSize(os.Stdin, 1024)
	return &FastScanner{r: rdr}
}
func (s *FastScanner) Next() string {
	s.pre()
	start := s.p
	for ; s.p < len(s.buf); s.p++ {
		if s.buf[s.p] == ' ' {
			break
		}
	}
	result := string(s.buf[start:s.p])
	s.p++
	return result
}
func (s *FastScanner) NextLine() string {
	s.pre()
	start := s.p
	s.p = len(s.buf)
	return string(s.buf[start:])
}
func (s *FastScanner) NextInt() int {
	v, _ := strconv.Atoi(s.Next())
	return v
}
func (s *FastScanner) NextInt64() int64 {
	v, _ := strconv.ParseInt(s.Next(), 10, 64)
	return v
}

func (s *FastScanner) NextIntArray() []int {
	s.pre()
	start := s.p
	result := []int{}
	for ; s.p < len(s.buf)+1; s.p++ {
		if s.p == len(s.buf) || s.buf[s.p] == ' ' {
			v, _ := strconv.ParseInt(string(s.buf[start:s.p]), 10, 0)
			result = append(result, int(v))
			start = s.p + 1
		}
	}

	return result
}

func (s *FastScanner) NextInt64Array() []int64 {
	s.pre()
	start := s.p
	result := []int64{}
	for ; s.p < len(s.buf)+1; s.p++ {
		if s.p == len(s.buf) || s.buf[s.p] == ' ' {
			v, _ := strconv.ParseInt(string(s.buf[start:s.p]), 10, 64)
			result = append(result, v)
			start = s.p + 1
		}
	}
	return result
}

func (s *FastScanner) pre() {
	if s.p >= len(s.buf) {
		s.readLine()
		s.p = 0
	}
}
func (s *FastScanner) readLine() {
	s.buf = make([]byte, 0)
	for {
		l, p, e := s.r.ReadLine()
		if e != nil {
			panic(e)
		}
		s.buf = append(s.buf, l...)
		if !p {
			break
		}
	}
}

//Max,Min
func IntMax(a, b int) int {
	if a < b {
		return b
	}
	return a
}

func Int64Max(a, b int64) int64 {
	if a < b {
		return b
	}
	return a
}
func Float64Max(a, b float64) float64 {
	if a < b {
		return b
	}
	return a
}

func IntMin(a, b int) int {
	if a > b {
		return b
	}
	return a
}

func Int64Min(a, b int64) int64 {
	if a > b {
		return b
	}
	return a
}
func Float64Min(a, b float64) float64 {
	if a > b {
		return b
	}
	return a
}

//Gcd
func IntGcd(a, b int) int {
	if a < b {
		b, a = a, b
	}
	if b == 0 {
		return a
	}
	return IntGcd(b, a%b)
}
func Int64Gcd(a, b int64) int64 {
	if a < b {
		b, a = a, b
	}
	if b == 0 {
		return a
	}
	return Int64Gcd(b, a%b)
}

func IntAbs(a int) int {
	if a < 0 {
		a *= -1
	}
	return a
}

func Int64Abs(a int64) int64 {
	if a < 0 {
		a *= -1
	}
	return a
}

Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

A game is played on a strip consisting of N cells consecutively numbered from 1 to N.

Alice has her token on cell A. Borys has his token on a different cell B.

Players take turns, Alice moves first.
The moving player must shift his or her token from its current cell X to the neighboring cell on the left, cell X-1, or on the right, cell X+1.
Note that it's disallowed to move the token outside the strip or to the cell with the other player's token.
In one turn, the token of the moving player must be shifted exactly once.

The player who can't make a move loses, and the other player wins.

Both players want to win. Who wins if they play optimally?

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 100

1 \leq A < B \leq N

All input values are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N A B

Output

Print Alice if Alice wins, Borys if Borys wins, and Draw if nobody wins.

Sample Input 1

5 2 4

Sample Output 1

Alice

Alice can move her token to cell 3.
After that, Borys will be unable to move his token to cell 3, so he will have to move his token to cell 5.
Then, Alice moves her token to cell 4. Borys can't make a move and loses.

Sample Input 2

2 1 2

Sample Output 2

Borys

Alice can't make the very first move and loses.

Sample Input 3

58 23 42

Sample Output 3

Borys


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// IO helper functions

// Returns next token from input.  It must be initialized by SetInput()
// before the first call.
var nextToken func() ([]byte, error)

// Holds a buffer for output.  It must be initialized by SetOutput().
// All IO fucntions (read*() and [e]print*()) should write to OutputWriter
// instead of this.
var OutputBuffer *bufio.Writer

// Holds an io.Writer.  It must be initialized by SetOutput()
var OutputWriter io.Writer

// Set IO functions for interactive input/output.
func SetInteractive(w io.Writer, r io.Reader) {
	SetUnbefferedInput(r)
	OutputBuffer = nil
	OutputWriter = w
}

// Setup OutputBuffer and OutputWriter.
func SetOutput(w io.Writer) {
	OutputBuffer = bufio.NewWriter(w)
	OutputWriter = OutputBuffer
}

// Flushes OutputBuffer
func Flush() {
	if OutputBuffer != nil {
		OutputBuffer.Flush()
	}
}

// Returns true if c is a white space
func IsSpace(c byte) bool {
	switch c {
	case '\t', '\n', '\v', '\f', '\r', ' ':
		return true
	}
	return false
}

// Setup nextToken with input buffer.
func SetInput(r io.Reader) {
	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
	var b []byte

	var i int
	rest := func() ([]byte, error) {
		for i < len(b) && IsSpace(b[i]) {
			i++
		}
		j := i
		for i < len(b) && !IsSpace(b[i]) {
			i++
		}
		if i == j {
			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
		}
		return b[j:i], nil
	}
	initial := func() ([]byte, error) {
		io.Copy(buf, r)
		b = buf.Bytes()
		nextToken = rest
		return rest()
	}
	nextToken = initial
}

// Setup nextToken without input buffer.
func SetUnbefferedInput(r io.Reader) {
	buf := bufio.NewReader(r)
	var b []byte

	var i int
	nextToken = func() ([]byte, error) {
		var err error
		if i == len(b) {
			b, err = buf.ReadBytes('\n')
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			i = 0
			j := len(b) - 1
			for 0 <= j && IsSpace(b[j]) {
				j--
			}
			b = b[0 : j+1]
		}
		for i < len(b) && IsSpace(b[i]) {
			i++
		}
		j := i
		for i < len(b) && !IsSpace(b[i]) {
			i++
		}
		if i == j {
			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
		}
		return b[j:i], nil
	}
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// IO functions

// Reads next token and return it as []byte
func readb() []byte {
	b, err := nextToken()
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return b
}

// Reads next token and return it as string
func reads() string {
	return string(readb())
}

// Reads next token and return it as int64
func readll() int64 {
	i, err := strconv.ParseInt(reads(), 10, 64)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err.Error())
	}
	return i
}

// Reads next token and return it as int
func readi() int {
	return int(readll())
}

// Reads next token and return it as float64
func readf() float64 {
	f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(reads(), 64)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err.Error())
	}
	return f
}

// Write args to OutputWriter with the format f
func printf(f string, args ...interface{}) (int, error) {
	return fmt.Fprintf(OutputWriter, f, args...)
}

// Write args to OutputWriter without format
func println(args ...interface{}) (int, error) {
	return fmt.Fprintln(OutputWriter, args...)
}

// Write args to stderr with the format f
func eprintf(f string, args ...interface{}) (int, error) {
	return fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, f, args...)
}

// Write args to stderr without format
func eprintln(args ...interface{}) (int, error) {
	return fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, args...)
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Simple math functions

func min(a, b int) int {
	if a < b {
		return a
	}
	return b
}

func min64(a, b int64) int64 {
	if a < b {
		return a
	}
	return b
}

func max(a, b int) int {
	if a < b {
		return b
	}
	return a
}

func max64(a, b int64) int64 {
	if a < b {
		return b
	}
	return a
}

func abs(a int) int {
	if a < 0 {
		return -a
	}
	return a
}

func abs64(a int64) int64 {
	if a < 0 {
		return -a
	}
	return a
}

func gcd(a, b int) int {
	if b == 0 {
		return a
	}
	return gcd(b, a%b)
}

func gcd64(a, b int64) int64 {
	if b == 0 {
		return a
	}
	return gcd64(b, a%b)
}

// set up IO functions
func init() {
	// for non-interactive
	SetInput(os.Stdin)
	SetOutput(os.Stdout)

	// Enable below when interactive.  Its ok to leave above intact.
	// SetInteractive(os.Stdout, os.Stdin)
}

func main() {
	defer Flush()

	K := readi()
	A := make([]int64, K)
	for i := range A {
		A[len(A)-i-1] = readll()
	}

	minv := int64(2)
	maxv := int64(2)
	for i := range A {
		a := A[i]
		if maxv < a {
			println(-1)
			return
		}
		nminv := a
		for nminv < minv {
			nminv += a
		}
		minv = nminv
		maxv = minv + a - 1
	}
	println(minv, maxv)
}

Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

An adult game master and N children are playing a game on an ice rink.
The game consists of K rounds.
In the i-th round, the game master announces:

Form groups consisting of A_i children each!

Then the children who are still in the game form as many groups of A_i children as possible.
One child may belong to at most one group.
Those who are left without a group leave the game. The others proceed to the next round.
Note that it's possible that nobody leaves the game in some round.

In the end, after the K-th round, there are exactly two children left, and they are declared the winners.

You have heard the values of A_1, A_2, ..., A_K. You don't know N, but you want to estimate it.

Find the smallest and the largest possible number of children in the game before the start, or determine that no valid values of N exist.

Constraints

1 \leq K \leq 10^5

2 \leq A_i \leq 10^9

All input values are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

K
A_1 A_2 ... A_K

Output

Print two integers representing the smallest and the largest possible value of N, respectively,
or a single integer -1 if the described situation is impossible.

Sample Input 1

4
3 4 3 2

Sample Output 1

6 8

For example, if the game starts with 6 children, then it proceeds as follows:

In the first round, 6 children form 2 groups of 3 children, and nobody leaves the game.

In the second round, 6 children form 1 group of 4 children, and 2 children leave the game.

In the third round, 4 children form 1 group of 3 children, and 1 child leaves the game.

In the fourth round, 3 children form 1 group of 2 children, and 1 child leaves the game.

The last 2 children are declared the winners.

Sample Input 2

5
3 4 100 3 2

Sample Output 2

-1

This situation is impossible.
In particular, if the game starts with less than 100 children, everyone leaves after the third round.

Sample Input 3

10
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Sample Output 3

2 3


package main

import (
  "bufio"
  "fmt"
  "os"
  "strconv"
  "strings"
)

func main() {
  var k int = NextInt()
  var a []int64 = NextInt64Array()
  if a[k-1] != 2 {
    fmt.Println(-1)
    return
  }
  var min,max int64 = 2,3
  for i:=k-2;i>-1;i-- {
    if min%a[i] != 0 { min = (min/a[i]+1)*a[i] }
    if min > max {
      fmt.Println(-1)
      return
    }
    max = min+a[i]-1
  }
  fmt.Println(min,max)
}

var reader = bufio.NewReaderSize(os.Stdin,1000000)
func NextLine() string {
  var line,buffer []byte
  var isPrefix bool = true
  var err error
  for ;isPrefix; {
    line,isPrefix,err = reader.ReadLine()
    if err != nil { panic(err) }
    buffer = append(buffer,line...)
  }
  return string(buffer)
}
func NextInt() int {
  var n int
  n,_ = strconv.Atoi(NextLine())
  return n
}
func NextInt64Array() []int64 {
  var s []string = strings.Split(NextLine()," ")
  var a []int64 = make([]int64,len(s))
  for i:=0;i<len(s);i++ { a[i],_ = strconv.ParseInt(s[i],10,64) }
  return a
}


package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"sort"
)

func main() {
	var n int
	fmt.Scan(&n)
	var d = make([]int, n)
	for i := range d {
		fmt.Scan(&d[i])
	}
	sort.Ints(d)

	var numOfMochi int
	var tmp int
	for i := range d {
		if tmp < d[n-i-1] || tmp == 0 {
			numOfMochi++
		}
		tmp = d[n-i-1]
	}
	fmt.Println(numOfMochi)
}

Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

On some day in January 2018, Takaki is writing a document. The document has a column where the current date is written in yyyy/mm/dd format. For example, January 23, 2018 should be written as 2018/01/23.

After finishing the document, she noticed that she had mistakenly wrote 2017 at the beginning of the date column. Write a program that, when the string that Takaki wrote in the date column, S, is given as input, modifies the first four characters in S to 2018 and prints it.

Constraints

S is a string of length 10.

The first eight characters in S are 2017/01/.

The last two characters in S are digits and represent an integer between 1 and 31 (inclusive).

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

S

Output

Replace the first four characters in S with 2018 and print it.

Sample Input 1

2017/01/07

Sample Output 1

2018/01/07

Sample Input 2

2017/01/31

Sample Output 2

2018/01/31


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
)

var sc = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func next() string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func nextInt() int {
	sc.Scan()
	i, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	return i
}

func nextFloat64() float64 {
	f, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(next(), 64)
	return f
}

func nextInts(n int) []int {
	slice := make([]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		slice[i] = nextInt()
	}
	return slice
}

func main() {
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	n := nextInt()
	d := nextInts(n)
	sort.Sort(sort.IntSlice(d))

	ans := 0
	top := 0
	for i := n - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
		if d[i] != top {
			ans++
			top = d[i]
		}
	}

	fmt.Println(ans)
}

Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

An X-layered kagami mochi (X ≥ 1) is a pile of X round mochi (rice cake) stacked vertically where each mochi (except the bottom one) has a smaller diameter than that of the mochi directly below it. For example, if you stack three mochi with diameters of 10, 8 and 6 centimeters from bottom to top in this order, you have a 3-layered kagami mochi; if you put just one mochi, you have a 1-layered kagami mochi.

Lunlun the dachshund has N round mochi, and the diameter of the i-th mochi is d_i centimeters. When we make a kagami mochi using some or all of them, at most how many layers can our kagami mochi have?

Constraints

1 ≤ N ≤ 100

1 ≤ d_i ≤ 100

All input values are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
d_1
:
d_N

Output

Print the maximum number of layers in a kagami mochi that can be made.

Sample Input 1

4
10
8
8
6

Sample Output 1

3

If we stack the mochi with diameters of 10, 8 and 6 centimeters from bottom to top in this order, we have a 3-layered kagami mochi, which is the maximum number of layers.

Sample Input 2

3
15
15
15

Sample Output 2

1

When all the mochi have the same diameter, we can only have a 1-layered kagami mochi.

Sample Input 3

7
50
30
50
100
50
80
30

Sample Output 3

4


package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"sort"
)

func main() {
	var n int
	fmt.Scan(&n)
	d := make([]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		fmt.Scan(&d[i])
	}

	sort.Sort(sort.Reverse(sort.IntSlice(d)))

	count := 1
	for i := 0; i < n-1; i++ {
		if d[i] != d[i+1] {
			count++
		}
	}
	fmt.Println(count)
}


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

type Io struct {
	reader    *bufio.Reader
	writer    *bufio.Writer
	tokens    []string
	nextToken int
}

func NewIo() *Io {
	return &Io{
		reader: bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin),
		writer: bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout),
	}
}

func (io *Io) NextLine() string {
	var buffer []byte
	for {
		line, isPrefix, err := io.reader.ReadLine()
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		buffer = append(buffer, line...)
		if !isPrefix {
			break
		}
	}
	return string(buffer)
}

func (io *Io) Next() string {
	for io.nextToken >= len(io.tokens) {
		line := io.NextLine()
		io.tokens = strings.Fields(line)
		io.nextToken = 0
	}
	r := io.tokens[io.nextToken]
	io.nextToken++
	return r
}

func (io *Io) NextInt() int {
	i, err := strconv.Atoi(io.Next())
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return i
}

func (io *Io) NextFloat() float64 {
	i, err := strconv.ParseFloat(io.Next(), 64)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return i
}

func (io *Io) PrintLn(a ...interface{}) {
	fmt.Fprintln(io.writer, a...)
}

func (io *Io) Printf(format string, a ...interface{}) {
	fmt.Fprintf(io.writer, format, a...)
}
func (io *Io) PrintIntLn(a []int) {
	b := []interface{}{}
	for _, x := range a {
		b = append(b, x)
	}
	io.PrintLn(b...)
}

func (io *Io) PrintStringLn(a []string) {
	b := []interface{}{}
	for _, x := range a {
		b = append(b, x)
	}
	io.PrintLn(b...)
}

// ax+by=gcd(a,b)
func extgcd(a, b int) (x, y int) {
	y = 1
	x = 0
	for u, v := 1, 0; a != 0; {
		q := b / a
		u, x = x - q * u, u
		v, y = y - q * v, v
		a, b = b - q * a, a
	}

	return
}

func modinv(a, m int) int {
	x, _ := extgcd(a, m)
	return (m + x % m) % m
}

func fact(n, mod int) int {
	ret := 1
	for n > 1 {
		ret = ret * n % mod
		n--
	}
	return ret
}

type P struct {
	w,p int
}

func main() {
	io := NewIo()
	defer io.writer.Flush()

	//n := io.NextInt()
	//k := io.NextInt()
	//
	//vp := make([]P, n, n)
	//for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
	//	vp[i].w = io.NextInt()
	//	vp[i].p = io.NextInt()
	//}

	n := io.NextInt()
	io.Printf("%d\n", n + 24);
}

Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

How many hours do we have until New Year at M o'clock (24-hour notation) on 30th, December?

Constraints

1≤M≤23

M is an integer.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

M

Output

If we have x hours until New Year at M o'clock on 30th, December, print x.

Sample Input 1

21

Sample Output 1

27

We have 27 hours until New Year at 21 o'clock on 30th, December.

Sample Input 2

12

Sample Output 2

36


package main

import (
	"fmt"
)

func main() {
	var A int
	var B int
	var S string

	fmt.Scanf("%d %d", &A, &B)
	fmt.Scanf("%s", &S)

	if len(S) != A+B+1 {
		fmt.Println("No")
		return
	}

	for i := 0; i < A; i++ {
		if !IsNum(S[i]) {
			fmt.Println("No")
			return
		}
	}

	if S[A] != '-' {
		fmt.Println("No")
		return
	}

	for i := A + 1; i < A+B+1; i++ {
		if !IsNum(S[i]) {
			fmt.Println("No")
			return
		}
	}

	fmt.Println("Yes")
}

func IsNum(c byte) bool {
	return '0' <= c && c <= '9'
}

Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

The postal code in Atcoder Kingdom is A+B+1 characters long, its (A+1)-th character is a hyphen -, and the other characters are digits from 0 through 9.

You are given a string S. Determine whether it follows the postal code format in Atcoder Kingdom.

Constraints

1≤A,B≤5

|S|=A+B+1

S consists of - and digits from 0 through 9.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

A B
S

Output

Print Yes if S follows the postal code format in AtCoder Kingdom; print No otherwise.

Sample Input 1

3 4
269-6650

Sample Output 1

Yes

The (A+1)-th character of S is -, and the other characters are digits from 0 through 9, so it follows the format.

Sample Input 2

1 1
---

Sample Output 2

No

S contains unnecessary -s other than the (A+1)-th character, so it does not follow the format.

Sample Input 3

1 2
7444

Sample Output 3

No


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

var sc = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func nextInt() int {
	sc.Scan()
	i, e := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	if e != nil {
		panic(e)
	}
	return i
}

var (
	n int
	c []int
	s []int
	f []int
)

func main() {
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n = nextInt()
	c = make([]int, n)
	s = make([]int, n)
	f = make([]int, n)

	for i := 0; i < n-1; i++ {
		c[i], s[i], f[i] = nextInt(), nextInt(), nextInt()
	}

	for i := 0; i < n-1; i++ {
		t := s[i] + c[i]
		for j := i + 1; j < n; j++ {
			if t <= s[j] {
				t += s[j] - t
			}

			if t > s[j] {
				if f[j] != 0 && (t-s[j])%f[j] != 0 {
					t += (t/c[j]+1)*c[j] - t
				}

				// if f[j] != 0 && t%f[j] != 0 {

				// }
			}

			t += c[j]
		}
		fmt.Println(t)
	}
	fmt.Println(0)
}

Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

A railroad running from west to east in Atcoder Kingdom is now complete.

There are N stations on the railroad, numbered 1 through N from west to east.

Tomorrow, the opening ceremony of the railroad will take place.

On this railroad, for each integer i such that 1≤i≤N-1, there will be trains that run from Station i to Station i+1 in C_i seconds. No other trains will be operated.

The first train from Station i to Station i+1 will depart Station i S_i seconds after the ceremony begins. Thereafter, there will be a train that departs Station i every F_i seconds.

Here, it is guaranteed that F_i divides S_i.

That is, for each Time t satisfying S_i≤t and t％F_i=0, there will be a train that departs Station i t seconds after the ceremony begins and arrives at Station i+1 t+C_i seconds after the ceremony begins, where A％B denotes A modulo B, and there will be no other trains.

For each i, find the earliest possible time we can reach Station N if we are at Station i when the ceremony begins, ignoring the time needed to change trains.

Constraints

1≤N≤500

1≤C_i≤100

1≤S_i≤10^5

1≤F_i≤10

S_i％F_i=0

All input values are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
C_1 S_1 F_1
:
C_{N-1} S_{N-1} F_{N-1}

Output

Print N lines. Assuming that we are at Station i (1≤i≤N) when the ceremony begins, if the earliest possible time we can reach Station N is x seconds after the ceremony begins, the i-th line should contain x.

Sample Input 1

3
6 5 1
1 10 1

Sample Output 1

12
11
0

We will travel from Station 1 as follows:

5 seconds after the beginning: take the train to Station 2.

11 seconds: arrive at Station 2.

11 seconds: take the train to Station 3.

12 seconds: arrive at Station 3.

We will travel from Station 2 as follows:

10 seconds: take the train to Station 3.

11 seconds: arrive at Station 3.

Note that we should print 0 for Station 3.

Sample Input 2

4
12 24 6
52 16 4
99 2 2

Sample Output 2

187
167
101
0

Sample Input 3

4
12 13 1
44 17 17
66 4096 64

Sample Output 3

4162
4162
4162
0


package main
import (
  "fmt"
  "math"
)
func isPrime(a int) bool {
  if a == 2 {
    return true
  }
  if a == 1 || a%2 == 0 {
    return false
  }
  rootA := int(math.Sqrt(float64(a)))
  for i := 3; i <= rootA; i += 2 {
    if a%i == 0 {
      return false
    }
  }
  return true
}

func main() {
  var q int
  fmt.Scan(&q)
  ls := make([]int, q)
  rs := make([]int, q)
  for i := 0; i < q; i++ {
    fmt.Scan(&ls[i], &rs[i])
  }
  primeMap := make(map[int]bool)
  for i := 0; i < q; i++ {
    r := rs[i]
    l := ls[i]
    result := 0
    for j := l; j <= r; j += 2 {
      if primeMap[j] {
        result++
        continue
      }
      if isPrime(j) && isPrime((j+1)/2) {
        result++
        primeMap[j] = true
      }
    }
    fmt.Println(result)
  }
}

Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

We say that a odd number N is similar to 2017 when both N and (N+1)/2 are prime.

You are given Q queries.

In the i-th query, given two odd numbers l_i and r_i, find the number of odd numbers x similar to 2017 such that l_i ≤ x ≤ r_i.

Constraints

1≤Q≤10^5

1≤l_i≤r_i≤10^5

l_i and r_i are odd.

All input values are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

Q
l_1 r_1
:
l_Q r_Q

Output

Print Q lines. The i-th line (1≤i≤Q) should contain the response to the i-th query.

Sample Input 1

1
3 7

Sample Output 1

2

3 is similar to 2017, since both 3 and (3+1)/2=2 are prime.

5 is similar to 2017, since both 5 and (5+1)/2=3 are prime.

7 is not similar to 2017, since (7+1)/2=4 is not prime, although 7 is prime.

Thus, the response to the first query should be 2.

Sample Input 2

4
13 13
7 11
7 11
2017 2017

Sample Output 2

1
0
0
1

Note that 2017 is also similar to 2017.

Sample Input 3

6
1 53
13 91
37 55
19 51
73 91
13 49

Sample Output 3

4
4
1
1
1
2


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"math"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

func main() {
	solve(os.Stdin, os.Stdout)
}

func solve(in io.Reader, out io.Writer) {
	bs := NewBufScanner(in)
	bw := NewBufWriter(out)
	defer bw.w.Flush()
	x, y :=bs.IntScan(), bs.IntScan()
	n := x
	maxCount := 0
	for !isPrime(n) && n < y - 1 {
		count := countArray(n, y)
		if maxCount < count {
			maxCount = count
		}
		n++
	}
	count := countArray(n, y)
	if maxCount < count {
		maxCount = count
	}

	bw.Printf("%v", maxCount)
}

func isPrime(n int) bool {
	if n < 2 {
		return false
	} else if n == 2 {
		return true
	} else if n % 2 == 0  {
		return false
	}

	sNum := int(math.Sqrt(float64(n)))
	for i := 3; i <= sNum; i += 2 {
		if n % int(i) == 0 {
			return false
		}
	}

	return true
}

func countArray(x, y int) int {
	count := 0
	for x <= y {
		count++
		x *= 2
	}
	return count
}

// BufScanner original scanner
type BufScanner struct {
	s *bufio.Scanner
}

// NewBufScanner constructer
func NewBufScanner(in io.Reader) *BufScanner {
	s := bufio.NewScanner(in)
	s.Buffer(make([]byte, 1024), 1e+9)
	s.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	return &BufScanner{
		s: s,
	}
}

// Scan Scan Data
func (b *BufScanner) Scan() string {
	b.s.Scan()
	return b.s.Text()
}

// IntScan Scan Data
func (b *BufScanner) IntScan() int {
	v, err := strconv.Atoi(b.Scan())
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return v
}

// BufWriter original writer
type BufWriter struct {
	w *bufio.Writer
}

// NewBufWriter constructer
func NewBufWriter(out io.Writer) *BufWriter {
	w := bufio.NewWriter(out)
	return &BufWriter{
		w: w,
	}
}

// Printf Output file
func (b *BufWriter) Printf(format string, a ...interface{}) {
	fmt.Fprintf(b.w, format, a...)
}

Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

As a token of his gratitude, Takahashi has decided to give his mother an integer sequence.
The sequence A needs to satisfy the conditions below:

A consists of integers between X and Y (inclusive).

For each 1\leq i \leq |A|-1, A_{i+1} is a multiple of A_i and strictly greater than A_i.

Find the maximum possible length of the sequence.

Constraints

1 \leq X \leq Y \leq 10^{18}

All input values are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

X Y

Output

Print the maximum possible length of the sequence.

Sample Input 1

3 20

Sample Output 1

3

The sequence 3,6,18 satisfies the conditions.

Sample Input 2

25 100

Sample Output 2

3

Sample Input 3

314159265 358979323846264338

Sample Output 3

31


// Package main provides
//
// File:  main.go
// Author: ymiyamoto
//
// Created on Wed Feb  6 12:22:28 2019
//
package main

import "fmt"

func min(a, b int) int {
	if a < b {
		return a
	}
	return b
}

func max(a, b int) int {
	if a < b {
		return b
	}
	return a
}

func main() {
	var S string
	fmt.Scan(&S)

	ans := 1 << 60
	for i := range S {
		if i+1 < len(S) {
			if S[i] != S[i+1] {
				ans = min(ans, max(i+1, len(S)-i-1))
			}
		}
	}

	if ans == 1<<60 {
		if S[0] == '0' {
			fmt.Println(0)
		} else {
			fmt.Println(len(S))
		}
	} else {
		fmt.Println(ans)
	}
}

Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

You are given a string S consisting of 0 and 1.
Find the maximum integer K not greater than |S| such that we can turn all the characters of S into 0 by repeating the following operation some number of times.

Choose a contiguous segment [l,r] in S whose length is at least K (that is, r-l+1\geq K must be satisfied). For each integer i such that l\leq i\leq r, do the following: if S_i is 0, replace it with 1; if S_i is 1, replace it with 0.

Constraints

1\leq |S|\leq 10^5

S_i(1\leq i\leq N) is either 0 or 1.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

S

Output

Print the maximum integer K such that we can turn all the characters of S into 0 by repeating the operation some number of times.

Sample Input 1

010

Sample Output 1

2

We can turn all the characters of S into 0 by the following operations:

Perform the operation on the segment S[1,3] with length 3. S is now 101.

Perform the operation on the segment S[1,2] with length 2. S is now 011.

Perform the operation on the segment S[2,3] with length 2. S is now 000.

Sample Input 2

100000000

Sample Output 2

8

Sample Input 3

00001111

Sample Output 3

4


package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
	var a, b int
	fmt.Scan(&a, &b)
	if (a+b)%2 != 0 {
		fmt.Println((a+b)/2 + 1)
	} else {
		fmt.Println((a + b) / 2)
	}
}

Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

You are given two positive integers a and b.
Let x be the average of a and b.
Print x rounded up to the nearest integer.

Constraints

a and b are integers.

1 \leq a, b \leq 100

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

a b

Output

Print x rounded up to the nearest integer.

Sample Input 1

1 3

Sample Output 1

2

The average of 1 and 3 is 2.0, and it will be rounded up to the nearest integer, 2.

Sample Input 2

7 4

Sample Output 2

6

The average of 7 and 4 is 5.5, and it will be rounded up to the nearest integer, 6.

Sample Input 3

5 5

Sample Output 3

5


package main

import (
	"fmt"
)

func main() {
	var a, b int
	fmt.Scan(&a, &b)
	fmt.Println((a + b) / 2 + (a+b) % 2)
}


package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"sort"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	var s, t string
	fmt.Scan(&s, &t)
	arr_s := strings.Split(s, "")
	arr_t := strings.Split(t, "")
	sort.Sort(sort.StringSlice(arr_s))
	sort.Sort(sort.Reverse(sort.StringSlice(arr_t)))

	judge := 0
	for i, e := range arr_s {
		if e < arr_t[i] {
			judge = 1
			break
		} else if e > arr_t[i] {
			judge = -1
			break
		}
	}
	switch judge {
	case 0:
		if len(arr_s) < len(arr_t) {
			fmt.Println("Yes")
		} else {
			fmt.Println("No")
		}
	case 1:
		fmt.Println("Yes")
	case -1:
		fmt.Println("No")
	}
}

Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

You are given strings s and t, consisting of lowercase English letters.
You will create a string s' by freely rearranging the characters in s.
You will also create a string t' by freely rearranging the characters in t.
Determine whether it is possible to satisfy s' < t' for the lexicographic order.

Notes

For a string a = a_1 a_2 ... a_N of length N and a string b = b_1 b_2 ... b_M of length M, we say a < b for the lexicographic order if either one of the following two conditions holds true:

N < M and a_1 = b_1, a_2 = b_2, ..., a_N = b_N.

There exists i (1 \leq i \leq N, M) such that a_1 = b_1, a_2 = b_2, ..., a_{i - 1} = b_{i - 1} and a_i < b_i. Here, letters are compared using alphabetical order.

For example, xy < xya and atcoder < atlas.

Constraints

The lengths of s and t are between 1 and 100 (inclusive).

s and t consists of lowercase English letters.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

s
t

Output

If it is possible to satisfy s' < t', print Yes; if it is not, print No.

Sample Input 1

yx
axy

Sample Output 1

Yes

We can, for example, rearrange yx into xy and axy into yxa. Then, xy < yxa.

Sample Input 2

ratcode
atlas

Sample Output 2

Yes

We can, for example, rearrange ratcode into acdeort and atlas into tslaa. Then, acdeort < tslaa.

Sample Input 3

cd
abc

Sample Output 3

No

No matter how we rearrange cd and abc, we cannot achieve our objective.

Sample Input 4

w
ww

Sample Output 4

Yes

Sample Input 5

zzz
zzz

Sample Output 5

No


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"sort"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	var sc = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	var s, t string
	if sc.Scan() {
		s = sc.Text()
	}
	if sc.Scan() {
		t = sc.Text()
	}

	sOdr := order(s)
	tOdr := reverse(order(t))

	for pos, sOdr_i := range sOdr {
		sNum := findNum(sOdr_i)

		for _, tOdr_j := range tOdr {
			tNum := findNum(tOdr_j)

			if sNum < tNum {
				fmt.Println("Yes")
				return
			}

			if pos == len(tOdr)-1 {
				fmt.Println("No")
				return
			}
		}
	}

	fmt.Println("No")
	return
}

func findNum(s rune) int {
	a := "abcdefghijklmopqrstwxyz"

	for pos, i := range a {
		if s == i {
			return pos
		}
	}

	return -1
}

func order(str string) string {
	rs := []string{}
	for _, r := range str {
		rs = append(rs, strings.ToLower(string(r)))
	}
	sort.Strings(rs)
	return strings.Join(rs, "")
}

func reverse(s string) string {
	rs := []rune(s)
	for i, j := 0, len(s)-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
		rs[i], rs[j] = rs[j], rs[i]
	}
	return string(rs)
}


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const (
	initialBufSize = 100000
	maxBufSize     = 10000000
)

var (
	sc = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	wt = bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
)

func next() string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func nextInt() int {
	i, _ := strconv.Atoi(next())
	return i
}

func puts(a ...interface{}) {
	fmt.Fprintln(wt, a...)
}

func reachable(f []int, to int) bool {
	n := len(f)
	grids := make([][20000]bool, n+1)
	grids[0][0+10000] = true
	for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {
		for j := f[i-1]; j < 20000-f[i-1]; j++ {
			grids[i][j] = grids[i-1][j+f[i-1]] || grids[i-1][j-f[i-1]]
		}
	}
	return grids[n][to+10000]
}

func main() {
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	sc.Buffer(make([]byte, initialBufSize), maxBufSize)
	defer wt.Flush()

	s, x, y := next(), nextInt(), nextInt()

	ff := make([][]int, 2)
	ff[0], ff[1] = []int{0}, []int{}
	for i, t := 0, 0; i < len(s); i++ {
		if s[i] == 'T' {
			t++
			ff[t%2] = append(ff[t%2], 0)
		} else {
			ff[t%2][len(ff[t%2])-1]++
		}
	}
	x -= ff[0][0]
	ff[0] = ff[0][1:]

	if reachable(ff[0], x) && reachable(ff[1], y) {
		puts("Yes")
	} else {
		puts("No")
	}
}

Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

A robot is put at the origin in a two-dimensional plane.
Initially, the robot is facing in the positive x-axis direction.

This robot will be given an instruction sequence s.
s consists of the following two kinds of letters, and will be executed in order from front to back.

F : Move in the current direction by distance 1.

T : Turn 90 degrees, either clockwise or counterclockwise.

The objective of the robot is to be at coordinates (x, y) after all the instructions are executed.
Determine whether this objective is achievable.

Constraints

s consists of F and T.

1 \leq |s| \leq 8 000

x and y are integers.

|x|, |y| \leq |s|

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

s
x y

Output

If the objective is achievable, print Yes; if it is not, print No.

Sample Input 1

FTFFTFFF
4 2

Sample Output 1

Yes

The objective can be achieved by, for example, turning counterclockwise in the first T and turning clockwise in the second T.

Sample Input 2

FTFFTFFF
-2 -2

Sample Output 2

Yes

The objective can be achieved by, for example, turning clockwise in the first T and turning clockwise in the second T.

Sample Input 3

FF
1 0

Sample Output 3

No

Sample Input 4

TF
1 0

Sample Output 4

No

Sample Input 5

FFTTFF
0 0

Sample Output 5

Yes

The objective can be achieved by, for example, turning counterclockwise in the first T and turning counterclockwise in the second T.

Sample Input 6

TTTT
1 0

Sample Output 6

No


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	_ "container/heap"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	_ "sort"
	"strconv"
)

// I/O
type Scanner struct {
	sc *bufio.Scanner
}

func NewScanner() *Scanner {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	sc.Buffer(make([]byte, 1024), int(1e+9))
	return &Scanner{sc}
}

func (s *Scanner) nextStr() string {
	s.sc.Scan()
	return s.sc.Text()
}

func (s *Scanner) nextInt() int {
	i, e := strconv.Atoi(s.nextStr())
	if e != nil {
		panic(e)
	}
	return i
}

func (s *Scanner) nextFloat() float64 {
	f, e := strconv.ParseFloat(s.nextStr(), 64)
	if e != nil {
		panic(e)
	}
	return f
}

func (s *Scanner) nextRuneSlice() []rune {
	return []rune(s.nextStr())
}

func (s *Scanner) nextIntSlice(n int) []int {
	res := make([]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		res[i] = s.nextInt()
	}
	return res
}

func (s *Scanner) nextFloatSlice(n int) []float64 {
	res := make([]float64, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		res[i] = s.nextFloat()
	}
	return res
}

// Arithmetic
func max(nums ...int) int {
	m := nums[0]
	for _, i := range nums {
		if m < i {
			m = i
		}
	}
	return m
}

func min(nums ...int) int {
	m := nums[0]
	for _, i := range nums {
		if m > i {
			m = i
		}
	}
	return m
}

func abs(x int) int {
	if x > 0 {
		return x
	}
	return -x
}

func pow(x, y int) int {
	res := 1
	for i := 0; i < y; i++ {
		res *= x
	}
	return res
}

func ceil(a, b int) int {
	if a%b == 0 {
		return a / b
	} else {
		return a/b + 1
	}
}

func gcd(a, b int) int {
	if b == 0 {
		return a
	}
	return gcd(b, a%b)
}

func lcm(a, b int) int {
	return a / gcd(a, b) * b
}

// Sort
type RuneSlice []rune

func (a RuneSlice) Len() int           { return len(a) }
func (a RuneSlice) Less(i, j int) bool { return a[i] < a[j] }
func (a RuneSlice) Swap(i, j int)      { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }

// Main
const MOD = int(1e+9) + 7
const INF = 1 << 60

func main() {
	sc := NewScanner()
	wtr := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	defer wtr.Flush()
	S := sc.nextStr()
	X, Y := sc.nextInt(), sc.nextInt()
	Ax := []int{}
	Ay := []int{}
	startX, startY := 0, 0
	count := 0
	isX := true
	isFirst := true
	for _, r := range S {
		if r == 'F' {
			count++
		} else {
			if count > 0 {
				if isX {
					if isFirst {
						startX += count
					} else {
						Ax = append(Ax, count)
					}
				} else {
					Ay = append(Ay, count)
				}
			}
			count = 0
			isX = !isX
			isFirst = false
		}
	}
	if count > 0 {
		if isX {
			if isFirst {
				startX += count
			} else {
				Ax = append(Ax, count)
			}
		} else {
			Ay = append(Ay, count)
		}
	}

	if f(X, Ax, startX) && f(Y, Ay, startY) {
		fmt.Fprintln(wtr, "Yes")
	} else {
		fmt.Fprintln(wtr, "No")
	}
}

const MAX = 8000

func f(target int, A []int, start int) bool {
	// 0: -8000, 8000: 0, 16000: 8000
	dp := make([][MAX*2 + 1]bool, len(A)+1)
	dp[0][MAX+start] = true
	for i := 1; i <= len(A); i++ {
		for j := 0; j <= MAX*2; j++ {
			if dp[i-1][j] {
				dp[i][j+A[i-1]] = true
				dp[i][j-A[i-1]] = true
			}
		}
	}
	return dp[len(A)][target+MAX]
}


// Package main provides
//
// File:  d.go
// Author: ymiyamoto
//
// Created on Fri Jan  4 16:20:38 2019
//
package main

import (
	"fmt"
)

const maxLen = 8000

func canReach(fs []int, at int, startDirectionPuls bool) bool {
	dp := make([][]bool, len(fs)+1)
	for i := range dp {
		dp[i] = make([]bool, 2*maxLen+1)
	}
	if startDirectionPuls {
		dp[0][maxLen+fs[0]] = true
		fs = fs[1:]
	} else {
		dp[0][maxLen+0] = true
	}

	for i := range fs {
		for f := range dp[i] {
			if dp[i][f] {
				dp[i+1][f-fs[i]] = true
				dp[i+1][f+fs[i]] = true
			}
		}
	}

	return dp[len(fs)][maxLen+at]
}

func splitCommand(s string) (xs []int, ys []int) {
	arms, move := []int{}, 0
	for _, c := range s {
		if c == 'T' {
			arms = append(arms, move)
			move = 0
		} else {
			move++
		}
	}
	arms = append(arms, move)

	for i := range arms {
		if i%2 == 0 {
			xs = append(xs, arms[i])
		} else {
			ys = append(ys, arms[i])
		}
	}
	return xs, ys
}

func solve(s string, x, y int) bool {
	xs, ys := splitCommand(s)
	return canReach(xs, x, true) && canReach(ys, y, false)
}

func main() {
	var s string
	fmt.Scan(&s)
	var x, y int
	fmt.Scan(&x, &y)

	if solve(s, x, y) {
		fmt.Println("Yes")
	} else {
		fmt.Println("No")
	}
}


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"time"
)

// const abcd = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
// const ABCD = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
// var dx = [...]int{0, 1, 0, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1}
// var dy = [...]int{1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 1, -1, -1}
// var inf int = 1e13

// var mod = 1000000007
var next = newScanner()

// ---------------------------------------------------------

var s string
var x, y int

func main() {
	log.SetFlags(log.Lshortfile)
	s = next.String()
	x = next.Int()
	y = next.Int()
	// d := 0 // = x, 1 = y, 2 = -x, 3 = -y,
	ans := "No"
	var dir func(int, int, int, int)
	dir = func(nx, ny, di, step int) {
		// log.Println(nx, ny, step)
		if step == len(s) {
			// log.Println(nx, ny)
			if nx == x && ny == y {
				ans = "Yes"
			}
			return
		}
		if !dist(nx, ny, step) {
			return
		}

		if s[step] == 'T' {
			if di == 0 || di == 2 {
				dir(nx, ny, 1, step+1)
				dir(nx, ny, 3, step+1)
			}
			if di == 1 || di == 3 {
				dir(nx, ny, 0, step+1)
				dir(nx, ny, 2, step+1)
			}

		} else if s[step] == 'F' {
			switch di {
			case 0:
				dir(nx+1, ny, di, step+1)
			case 1:
				dir(nx, ny+1, di, step+1)
			case 2:
				dir(nx-1, ny, di, step+1)
			case 3:
				dir(nx, ny-1, di, step+1)
			}
		}

	}
	go dir(0, 0, 0, 0)
	time.Sleep(1900 * time.Millisecond)
	fmt.Println(ans)
}

func dist(ax, ay, step int) bool {
	remainingStep := len(s) - step
	if remainingStep < abs(x-ax)+abs(y-ay) {
		return false
	}
	return true
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------

// // Pair is...
type Pair struct {
	a, b int
}

//
// // Pairs is sorted by []Pair struct
// type Pairs []Pair
//
// func (p Pairs) Len() int {
// 	return len(p)
// }
// func (p Pairs) Swap(i, j int) {
// 	p[i], p[j] = p[j], p[i]
// }
//
// func (p Pairs) Less(i, j int) bool {
// 	if p[i].a < p[j].a {
// 		return true
// 	} else if p[i].a == p[j].a {
// 		return p[i].b < p[j].b
// 	}
// 	return false
// }

// ------int method-------------------------
func in(c, a, z int) bool {
	return c >= a && c < z
}
func btoi(b bool) int {
	if b {
		return 1
	}
	return 0
}
func itob(a int) bool {
	if a == 0 {
		return false
	}
	return true
}
func max(a ...int) int {
	r := a[0]
	for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ {
		if r < a[i] {
			r = a[i]
		}
	}
	return r
}
func min(a ...int) int {
	r := a[0]
	for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ {
		if r > a[i] {
			r = a[i]
		}
	}
	return r
}
func sum(a []int) int {
	r := 0
	for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ {
		r += a[i]
	}
	return r
}
func pro(a []int) int {
	r := 1
	for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ {
		r *= a[i]
	}
	return r
}
func fill(a []int, n int) []int {
	for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ {
		a[i] = n
	}
	return a
}
func minmax(a, b int) (int, int) {
	if a > b {
		return b, a
	}
	return a, b
}
func abs(a int) int {
	if a < 0 {
		return -a
	}
	return a
}

// ---------- buffered scanner -----------------------------------------
func iferr(err error) {
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
}

type scanner struct {
	r   *bufio.Reader
	buf []byte
	p   int
}

func newScanner() *scanner {
	rdr := bufio.NewReaderSize(os.Stdin, 10000)
	return &scanner{r: rdr}
}
func (s *scanner) next() string {
	s.pre()
	start := s.p
	for ; s.p < len(s.buf); s.p++ {
		if s.buf[s.p] == ' ' {
			break
		}
	}
	result := string(s.buf[start:s.p])
	s.p++
	return result
}
func (s *scanner) Line() string {
	s.pre()
	start := s.p
	s.p = len(s.buf)
	return string(s.buf[start:])
}
func (s *scanner) String() string {
	return s.next()
}
func (s *scanner) Int() int {
	v, e := strconv.Atoi(s.next())
	iferr(e)
	return v
}
func (s *scanner) Ints(n int) []int {
	r := make([]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		r[i] = s.Int()
	}
	return r
}
func (s *scanner) Int64() int64 {
	v, e := strconv.ParseInt(s.next(), 10, 64)
	iferr(e)
	return v
}
func (s *scanner) Uint64() uint64 {
	v, e := strconv.ParseUint(s.next(), 10, 64)
	iferr(e)
	return v
}
func (s *scanner) Float64() float64 {
	v, e := strconv.ParseFloat(s.next(), 64)
	iferr(e)
	return v
}
func (s *scanner) pre() {
	if s.p >= len(s.buf) {
		s.readLine()
		s.p = 0
	}
}
func (s *scanner) readLine() {
	s.buf = make([]byte, 0)
	for {
		l, p, e := s.r.ReadLine()
		iferr(e)
		s.buf = append(s.buf, l...)
		if !p {
			break
		}
	}
}


package main
import (
  "bufio"
  "os"
  "strconv"
  "strings"
  "fmt"
  "sort"
)

type Str []string
func (S Str) Len() int { return len(S) }
func (S Str) Less(i, j int) bool { return S[i] < S[j] }
func (S Str) Swap(i, j int) { S[i], S[j] = S[j], S[i] }

func Solve() {
  var N, L, c int
  NextInt(&N, &L)
  S := make([]string, N)
  for i := range S { S[i] = NextLine() }
  sort.Sort(Str(S))
  cnt := 0
  for j, s := range S[0] {
    if s == '1' { cnt ^= (L - j) & (j - L) }
  }
  for i := range S[1:] {
    c = 0
    for S[i][c] == S[i + 1][c] { c++ }
    for j := c + 1; j < len(S[i]); j++ {
      if S[i][j] == '0' { cnt ^= (L - j) & (j - L) }
    }
    for j := c + 1; j < len(S[i + 1]); j++ {
      if S[i + 1][j] == '1' { cnt ^= (L - j) & (j - L) }
    }
  }
  for j, s := range S[N - 1] {
    if s == '0' { cnt ^= (L - j) & (j - L) }
  }
  if cnt > 0 {
    Write("Alice")
  } else {
    Write("Bob")
  }
}

func main() {
  Solve()
  Output()
}

var reader = bufio.NewReaderSize(os.Stdin, 1000000)
var writer = bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
func NextLine() string {
  buffer := make([]byte, 0)
  for true {
    line, isPrefix, err := reader.ReadLine()
    if err != nil { panic(err) }
    buffer = append(buffer, line...)
    if !isPrefix { break }
  }
  return string(buffer)
}
func NextInt(A ...*int) {
  L := strings.Split(NextLine(), " ")
  for i, a := range A {
    *a, _ = strconv.Atoi(L[i])
  }
}
func NextIntVec(A *[]int) {
  L := strings.Split(NextLine(), " ")
  (*A) = make([]int, len(L))
  for i, l := range L {
    (*A)[i], _ = strconv.Atoi(l)
  }
}
func NextFloat(A ...*float64) {
  L := strings.Split(NextLine(), " ")
  for i, a := range A {
    *a, _ = strconv.ParseFloat(L[i], 64)
  }
}
func NextFloatVec(A *[]float64) {
  L := strings.Split(NextLine(), " ")
  (*A) = make([]float64, len(L))
  for i, l := range L {
    (*A)[i], _ = strconv.ParseFloat(l, 64)
  }
}
func Write(s interface{}) {
  fmt.Fprintln(writer, s)
}
func WriteIntVec(A []int) {
  S := make([]string, len(A))
  for i, a := range A {
    S[i] = strconv.Itoa(a)
  }
  Write(strings.Join(S, " "))
}
func Output() {
  _ = writer.Flush()
}
func MaxInt(A ...int) int {
  max := A[0]
  for _, a := range A {
    if max < a { max = a }
  }
  return max
}
func MinInt(A ...int) int {
  min := A[0]
  for _, a := range A {
    if a < min { min = a }
  }
  return min
}
func SumInt(A ...int) int {
  sum := 0
  for _, a := range A {
    sum += a
  }
  return sum
}
func AbsInt(x int) int {
  if x < 0 { x = -x }
  return x
}

Score : 700 points

Problem Statement

For strings s and t, we will say that s and t are prefix-free when neither is a prefix of the other.

Let L be a positive integer. A set of strings S is a good string set when the following conditions hold true:

Each string in S has a length between 1 and L (inclusive) and consists of the characters 0 and 1.

Any two distinct strings in S are prefix-free.

We have a good string set S = \{ s_1, s_2, ..., s_N \}. Alice and Bob will play a game against each other. They will alternately perform the following operation, starting from Alice:

Add a new string to S. After addition, S must still be a good string set.

The first player who becomes unable to perform the operation loses the game. Determine the winner of the game when both players play optimally.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

1 \leq L \leq 10^{18}

s_1, s_2, ..., s_N are all distinct.

{ s_1, s_2, ..., s_N } is a good string set.

|s_1| + |s_2| + ... + |s_N| \leq 10^5

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N L
s_1
s_2
:
s_N

Output

If Alice will win, print Alice; if Bob will win, print Bob.

Sample Input 1

2 2
00
01

Sample Output 1

Alice

If Alice adds 1, Bob will be unable to add a new string.

Sample Input 2

2 2
00
11

Sample Output 2

Bob

There are two strings that Alice can add on the first turn: 01 and 10.
In case she adds 01, if Bob add 10, she will be unable to add a new string.
Also, in case she adds 10, if Bob add 01, she will be unable to add a new string.

Sample Input 3

3 3
0
10
110

Sample Output 3

Alice

If Alice adds 111, Bob will be unable to add a new string.

Sample Input 4

2 1
0
1

Sample Output 4

Bob

Alice is unable to add a new string on the first turn.

Sample Input 5

1 2
11

Sample Output 5

Alice

Sample Input 6

2 3
101
11

Sample Output 6

Bob


package main

import "fmt"

func diviedbyTwo(a int) int {
	// return 0 when % 2 == 1
	if a%2 == 0 {
		return a / 2
	} else {
		return 0
	}
}

func main() {
	var (
		n int
		counter = 0
	)
	fmt.Scan(&n)
	blackboard := make([]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		fmt.Scan(&blackboard[i])
	}
	condition := true
	for condition {
		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
			returnN := diviedbyTwo(blackboard[i])
			blackboard[i] = returnN
			if returnN == 0 {
				condition = false
			}
		}
		//fmt.Println(blackboard)
		counter++
	}
	fmt.Println(counter-1)
}

Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

There are N positive integers written on a blackboard: A_1, ..., A_N.

Snuke can perform the following operation when all integers on the blackboard are even:

Replace each integer X on the blackboard by X divided by 2.

Find the maximum possible number of operations that Snuke can perform.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 200

1 \leq A_i \leq 10^9

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1 A_2 ... A_N

Output

Print the maximum possible number of operations that Snuke can perform.

Sample Input 1

3
8 12 40

Sample Output 1

2

Initially, [8, 12, 40] are written on the blackboard.
Since all those integers are even, Snuke can perform the operation.

After the operation is performed once, [4, 6, 20] are written on the blackboard.
Since all those integers are again even, he can perform the operation.

After the operation is performed twice, [2, 3, 10] are written on the blackboard.
Now, there is an odd number 3 on the blackboard, so he cannot perform the operation any more.

Thus, Snuke can perform the operation at most twice.

Sample Input 2

4
5 6 8 10

Sample Output 2

0

Since there is an odd number 5 on the blackboard already in the beginning, Snuke cannot perform the operation at all.

Sample Input 3

6
382253568 723152896 37802240 379425024 404894720 471526144

Sample Output 3

8


package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"sort"
)

func main() {
	var n, k, tmp int
	fmt.Scan(&n, &k)

	m := make(map[int]int)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		fmt.Scan(&tmp)
		m[tmp]++
	}

	keys := make([]int, 0, len(m))
	for key := range m {
		keys = append(keys, key)
	}
	sort.Ints(keys)

	count := 0
	for i := 0; i < len(m)-k; i++ {
		count += keys[i]
	}

	fmt.Println(count)
}

Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

Takahashi has N balls. Initially, an integer A_i is written on the i-th ball.

He would like to rewrite the integer on some balls so that there are at most K different integers written on the N balls.

Find the minimum number of balls that Takahashi needs to rewrite the integers on them.

Constraints

1 \leq K \leq N \leq 200000

1 \leq A_i \leq N

All input values are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N K
A_1 A_2 ... A_N

Output

Print the minimum number of balls that Takahashi needs to rewrite the integers on them.

Sample Input 1

5 2
1 1 2 2 5

Sample Output 1

1

For example, if we rewrite the integer on the fifth ball to 2, there are two different integers written on the balls: 1 and 2.
On the other hand, it is not possible to rewrite the integers on zero balls so that there are at most two different integers written on the balls, so we should print 1.

Sample Input 2

4 4
1 1 2 2

Sample Output 2

0

Already in the beginning, there are two different integers written on the balls, so we do not need to rewrite anything.

Sample Input 3

10 3
5 1 3 2 4 1 1 2 3 4

Sample Output 3

3


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

func getScanner(fp *os.File) *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(fp)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	scanner.Buffer(make([]byte, 500001), 500000)
	return scanner
}

func getNextString(scanner *bufio.Scanner) string {
	scanner.Scan()
	return scanner.Text()
}

func getNextInt(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int {
	i, _ := strconv.Atoi(getNextString(scanner))
	return i
}

func getNextInt64(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int64 {
	i, _ := strconv.ParseInt(getNextString(scanner), 10, 64)
	return i
}

func main() {
	fp := os.Stdin
	if len(os.Args) > 1 {
		fp, _ = os.Open(os.Args[1])
	}

	scanner := getScanner(fp)
	writer := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)

	n := getNextInt(scanner)
	aa := make([]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		aa[i] = getNextInt(scanner)
	}

	index := solve(n, aa)
	fmt.Fprintln(writer, 2*n-1)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		fmt.Fprintln(writer, fmt.Sprintf("%d %d", index+1, i+1))
	}
	for i := 1; i < n; i++ {
		if aa[index] < 0 {
			fmt.Fprintln(writer, fmt.Sprintf("%d %d", n-i+1, n-i))
			continue
		}
		fmt.Fprintln(writer, fmt.Sprintf("%d %d", i, i+1))
	}

	writer.Flush()
}

func solve(n int, aa []int) int {
	abmax := 0
	abmaxi := 0

	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		abs := absint(aa[i])
		if abmax < abs {
			abmax = abs
			abmaxi = i
		}
	}

	return abmaxi

}

func absint(a int) int {
	if a < 0 {
		return -a
	}
	return a
}

Score : 600 points

Problem Statement

Snuke has an integer sequence, a, of length N. The i-th element of a (1-indexed) is a_{i}.

He can perform the following operation any number of times:

Operation: Choose integers x and y between 1 and N (inclusive), and add a_x to a_y.

He would like to perform this operation between 0 and 2N times (inclusive) so that a satisfies the condition below. Show one such sequence of operations.
It can be proved that such a sequence of operations always exists under the constraints in this problem.

Condition: a_1 \leq a_2 \leq ... \leq a_{N}

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 50

-10^{6} \leq a_i \leq 10^{6}

All input values are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_1 a_2 ... a_{N}

Output

Let m be the number of operations in your solution. In the first line, print m.
In the i-th of the subsequent m lines, print the numbers x and y chosen in the i-th operation, with a space in between.
The output will be considered correct if m is between 0 and 2N (inclusive) and a satisfies the condition after the m operations.

Sample Input 1

3
-2 5 -1

Sample Output 1

2
2 3
3 3

After the first operation, a = (-2,5,4).

After the second operation, a = (-2,5,8), and the condition is now satisfied.

Sample Input 2

2
-1 -3

Sample Output 2

1
2 1

After the first operation, a = (-4,-3) and the condition is now satisfied.

Sample Input 3

5
0 0 0 0 0

Sample Output 3

0

The condition is satisfied already in the beginning.


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	. "fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
)

// github.com/EndlessCheng/codeforces-go
func run(_r io.Reader, _w io.Writer) {
	in := bufio.NewReader(_r)
	out := bufio.NewWriter(_w)
	defer out.Flush()

	var n, minI, maxI int
	Fscan(in, &n)
	a := make([]int, n)
	for i := range a {
		Fscan(in, &a[i])
		if a[i] < a[minI] {
			minI = i
		} else if a[i] > a[maxI] {
			maxI = i
		}
	}
	ans := [][]int{}
	d := 1
	if a[minI] < 0 && a[maxI] > 0 {
		if a[maxI] > -a[minI] {
			for i, v := range a {
				if v < 0 {
					ans = append(ans, []int{maxI + 1, i + 1})
				}
			}
		} else {
			for i, v := range a {
				if v > 0 {
					ans = append(ans, []int{minI + 1, i + 1})
				}
			}
			d = 0
		}
	} else if a[maxI] <= 0 {
		d = 0
	}
	if d == 1 {
		for i := 1; i < n; i++ {
			ans = append(ans, []int{i, i + 1})
		}
	} else {
		for i := n; i > 1; i-- {
			ans = append(ans, []int{i, i - 1})
		}
	}
	Fprintln(out, len(ans))
	for _, p := range ans {
		Fprintln(out, p[0], p[1])
	}
}

func main() { run(os.Stdin, os.Stdout) }


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

var (
	readString func() string
	stdout     *bufio.Writer
)

func init() {
	readString = newReadString(os.Stdin)
	stdout = bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
}

func newReadString(ior io.Reader) func() string {
	r := bufio.NewScanner(ior)
	r.Buffer(make([]byte, 1024), int(1e+11))
	r.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	return func() string {
		if !r.Scan() {
			panic("Scan failed")
		}
		return r.Text()
	}
}

func readInt() int {
	return int(readInt64())
}

func readInt64() int64 {
	i, err := strconv.ParseInt(readString(), 0, 64)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err.Error())
	}
	return i
}

func readIntSlice(n int) []int {
	b := make([]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		b[i] = readInt()
	}
	return b
}

func readLengthAndSlice() []int {
	n := readInt()
	return readIntSlice(n)
}

func printf(f string, args ...interface{}) (int, error) {
	return fmt.Fprintf(stdout, f, args...)
}

func println(args ...interface{}) (int, error) {
	return fmt.Fprintln(stdout, args...)
}

func minInt(a, b int) int {
	if a < b {
		return a
	}
	return b
}

func minUint(a, b uint) uint {
	if a < b {
		return a
	}
	return b
}

func minInt64(a, b int64) int64 {
	if a < b {
		return a
	}
	return b
}

func minUint64(a, b uint64) uint64 {
	if a < b {
		return a
	}
	return b
}

func maxInt(a, b int) int {
	if a < b {
		return b
	}
	return a
}

func maxUint(a, b uint) uint {
	if a < b {
		return b
	}
	return a
}
func maxInt64(a, b int64) int64 {
	if a < b {
		return b
	}
	return a
}

func maxUint64(a, b uint64) uint64 {
	if a < b {
		return b
	}
	return a
}

func absInt(a int) int {
	if a < 0 {
		return -a
	}
	return a
}

func absInt64(a int64) int64 {
	if a < 0 {
		return -a
	}
	return a
}

// readString() string
// readInt() int
// readIntSlice(n int) []int
// readLengthAndSlice() []int
func main() {
	defer stdout.Flush()
	n := readInt()
	a := readInt()
	b := readInt()

	println(minInt(n*a, b))
}

Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

You are parking at a parking lot. You can choose from the following two fee plans:

Plan 1: The fee will be A×T yen (the currency of Japan) when you park for T hours.

Plan 2: The fee will be B yen, regardless of the duration.

Find the minimum fee when you park for N hours.

Constraints

1≤N≤20

1≤A≤100

1≤B≤2000

All input values are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N A B

Output

When the minimum fee is x yen, print the value of x.

Sample Input 1

7 17 120

Sample Output 1

119

If you choose Plan 1, the fee will be 7×17=119 yen.

If you choose Plan 2, the fee will be 120 yen.

Thus, the minimum fee is 119 yen.

Sample Input 2

5 20 100

Sample Output 2

100

The fee might be the same in the two plans.

Sample Input 3

6 18 100

Sample Output 3

100


package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
	var x int
	fmt.Scanf("%d", &x)
	fx := getDigitSum(x)

	if x%fx == 0 {
		fmt.Printf("Yes")
	} else {
		fmt.Printf("No")
	}

}

func getDigitSum(n int) int {
	var total int
	for n > 0 {
		total = n % 10
		n /= 10
	}
	return total
}

Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

An integer X is called a Harshad number if X is divisible by f(X), where f(X) is the sum of the digits in X when written in base 10.

Given an integer N, determine whether it is a Harshad number.

Constraints

1?N?10^8

N is an integer.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print Yes if N is a Harshad number; print No otherwise.

Sample Input 1

12

Sample Output 1

Yes

f(12)=1+2=3. Since 12 is divisible by 3, 12 is a Harshad number.

Sample Input 2

57

Sample Output 2

No

f(57)=5+7=12. Since 57 is not divisible by 12, 12 is not a Harshad number.

Sample Input 3

148

Sample Output 3

No


package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
	var n int
	fmt.Scan(&n)

	var sum int // nの各桁の和
	for x := n; x > 0; {
		sum += x % 10
		x /= 10
	}

	if n%sum == 0 {
		fmt.Println("Yes")
		return
	}
	fmt.Println("No")
}


package main

import "fmt"

func sum_digits(n int) int {
	if n < 10 {
		return n
	} else {
		return n%10 + sum_digits(n/10)
	}
}

func main() {
	var n int
	fmt.Scan(&n)
	if n%sum_digits(n) == 0 {
		fmt.Println("Yes")
	} else {
		fmt.Println("No")
	}
}


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

func main() {
	sc := NewScanner()
	N := sc.NextInt()

	M := N
	k := 0
	for M > 0 {
		k += M % 10
		M /= 10
	}
	if N%k == 0 {
		fmt.Println("Yes")
	} else {
		fmt.Println("No")
	}

}

type Scanner struct {
	r   *bufio.Reader
	buf []byte
	p   int
}

func NewScanner() *Scanner {
	rdr := bufio.NewReaderSize(os.Stdin, 1000)
	return &Scanner{r: rdr}
}
func (s *Scanner) Next() string {
	s.pre()
	start := s.p
	for ; s.p < len(s.buf); s.p++ {
		if s.buf[s.p] == ' ' {
			break
		}
	}
	result := string(s.buf[start:s.p])
	s.p++
	return result
}
func (s *Scanner) NextLine() string {
	s.pre()
	start := s.p
	s.p = len(s.buf)
	return string(s.buf[start:])
}
func (s *Scanner) NextInt() int {
	v, _ := strconv.Atoi(s.Next())
	return v
}
func (s *Scanner) NextInt64() int64 {
	v, _ := strconv.ParseInt(s.Next(), 10, 64)
	return v
}

func (s *Scanner) NextIntArray() []int {
	s.pre()
	start := s.p
	result := []int{}
	for ; s.p < len(s.buf)+1; s.p++ {
		if s.p == len(s.buf) || s.buf[s.p] == ' ' {
			v, _ := strconv.ParseInt(string(s.buf[start:s.p]), 10, 0)
			result = append(result, int(v))
			start = s.p + 1
		}
	}

	return result
}
func (s *Scanner) NextInt64Array() []int64 {
	s.pre()
	start := s.p
	result := []int64{}
	for ; s.p < len(s.buf)+1; s.p++ {
		if s.p == len(s.buf) || s.buf[s.p] == ' ' {
			v, _ := strconv.ParseInt(string(s.buf[start:s.p]), 10, 64)
			result = append(result, v)
			start = s.p + 1
		}
	}
	return result
}

func (s *Scanner) NextMap() map[int]bool {
	s.pre()
	start := s.p
	mp := map[int]bool{}
	for ; s.p < len(s.buf); s.p++ {
		if s.buf[s.p] == ' ' {
			v, _ := strconv.Atoi(string(s.buf[start:s.p]))
			mp[v] = true
			start = s.p + 1
		}
	}
	v, _ := strconv.Atoi(string(s.buf[start:s.p]))
	mp[v] = true

	return mp
}

func (s *Scanner) pre() {
	if s.p >= len(s.buf) {
		s.readLine()
		s.p = 0
	}
}
func (s *Scanner) readLine() {
	s.buf = make([]byte, 0)
	for {
		l, p, e := s.r.ReadLine()
		if e != nil {
			panic(e)
		}
		s.buf = append(s.buf, l...)
		if !p {
			break
		}
	}
}


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
)

var (
	readString func() string
	readBytes  func() []byte
	stdout     *bufio.Writer
)

func init() {
	readString, readBytes = newReadString(os.Stdin)
	stdout = bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
}

func newReadString(ior io.Reader) (func() string, func() []byte) {
	r := bufio.NewScanner(ior)
	r.Buffer(make([]byte, 1024), int(1e+11))
	r.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	f1 := func() string {
		if !r.Scan() {
			panic("Scan failed")
		}
		return r.Text()
	}
	f2 := func() []byte {
		if !r.Scan() {
			panic("Scan failed")
		}
		return r.Bytes()
	}
	return f1, f2
}

func readInt() int {
	return int(readInt64())
}

func readInt64() int64 {
	i, err := strconv.ParseInt(readString(), 10, 64)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err.Error())
	}
	return i
}

func readFloat64() float64 {
	f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(readString(), 64)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err.Error())
	}
	return f
}

func printf(f string, args ...interface{}) (int, error) {
	return fmt.Fprintf(stdout, f, args...)
}

func println(args ...interface{}) (int, error) {
	return fmt.Fprintln(stdout, args...)
}

func eprintln(args ...interface{}) (int, error) {
	return fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, args...)
}

func eprintf(f string, args ...interface{}) (int, error) {
	return fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, f, args...)
}

// readString() string
// readInt() int
// readInt64() int64
// readFloat64() float64

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

func main() {
	defer stdout.Flush()
	S := readBytes()
	count := make([]int, 3)
	for i := range S {
		count[S[i]-'a']++
	}
	sort.Ints(count)
	if count[2]-1 <= count[1] && count[2]-1 <= count[0] {
		println("YES")
	} else {
		println("NO")
	}
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

Snuke has a string S consisting of three kinds of letters: a, b and c.

He has a phobia for palindromes, and wants to permute the characters in S so that S will not contain a palindrome of length 2 or more as a substring. Determine whether this is possible.

Constraints

1 \leq |S| \leq 10^5

S consists of a, b and c.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

S

Output

If the objective is achievable, print YES; if it is unachievable, print NO.

Sample Input 1

abac

Sample Output 1

YES

As it stands now, S contains a palindrome aba, but we can permute the characters to get acba, for example, that does not contain a palindrome of length 2 or more.

Sample Input 2

aba

Sample Output 2

NO

Sample Input 3

babacccabab

Sample Output 3

YES


package main
import "fmt"

func main() {

  var input string
  fmt.Scan(&input)
  list := make(map[rune]int)
  for _,element := range input {
  	 if _, ok := list[element]; ok {
        list[element] += 1
     } else {
       list[element] = 1
     }
  }
  result := false
  for _,val := range list {
    if val >= 3 {
      result = true
      break
    }
  }

  if result {
    fmt.Printf("Yes")
  } else {
    fmt.Printf("No")
  }
}

Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

We call a 4-digit integer with three or more consecutive same digits, such as 1118, good.

You are given a 4-digit integer N. Answer the question: Is N good?

Constraints

1000 ≤ N ≤ 9999

N is an integer.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

If N is good, print Yes; otherwise, print No.

Sample Input 1

1118

Sample Output 1

Yes

N is good, since it contains three consecutive 1.

Sample Input 2

7777

Sample Output 2

Yes

An integer is also good when all the digits are the same.

Sample Input 3

1234

Sample Output 3

No


package main

import (
	"fmt"
)

func main() {
	var N int
	fmt.Scan(&N)

	L := make([]int,N+1)
	L[0] = 2
	L[1] = 1

	for i := 2; i <= N; i++{
		L[i] = L[i-1] + L[i-2]
	}

	fmt.Println(L[N])

}

Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

It is November 18 now in Japan. By the way, 11 and 18 are adjacent Lucas numbers.

You are given an integer N. Find the N-th Lucas number.

Here, the i-th Lucas number L_i is defined as follows:

L_0=2

L_1=1

L_i=L_{i-1}+L_{i-2} (i≥2)

Constraints

1≤N≤86

It is guaranteed that the answer is less than 10^{18}.

N is an integer.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the N-th Lucas number.

Sample Input 1

5

Sample Output 1

11

L_0=2

L_1=1

L_2=L_0+L_1=3

L_3=L_1+L_2=4

L_4=L_2+L_3=7

L_5=L_3+L_4=11

Thus, the 5-th Lucas number is 11.

Sample Input 2

86

Sample Output 2

939587134549734843


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const mod = 1000000007

// 1MB
const ioBufferSize = 1 * 1024 * 1024

var sc = func() *bufio.Scanner {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Buffer(make([]byte, ioBufferSize), ioBufferSize)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	return sc
}()

func next() string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func nextInt() int {
	sc.Scan()
	i, e := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	if e != nil {
		panic(e)
	}
	return i
}

func abs(x int) int {
	if x < 0 {
		return -x
	}
	return x
}

func main() {
	n := nextInt()
	a, b, c, d := n/1000, (n/100)%10, (n/10)%10, n%10

	if a+b+c+d == 7 {
		fmt.Printf("%d+%d+%d+%d=7\n", a, b, c, d)
	} else if a+b+c-d == 7 {
		fmt.Printf("%d+%d+%d-%d=7\n", a, b, c, d)
	} else if a+b-c+d == 7 {
		fmt.Printf("%d+%d-%d+%d=7\n", a, b, c, d)
	} else if a+b-c-d == 7 {
		fmt.Printf("%d+%d-%d-%d=7\n", a, b, c, d)
	} else if a-b+c+d == 7 {
		fmt.Printf("%d-%d+%d+%d=7\n", a, b, c, d)
	} else if a-b+c-d == 7 {
		fmt.Printf("%d-%d+%d-%d=7\n", a, b, c, d)
	} else if a-b-c+d == 7 {
		fmt.Printf("%d-%d-%d+%d=7\n", a, b, c, d)
	} else if a-b-c-d == 7 {
		fmt.Printf("%d-%d-%d-%d=7\n", a, b, c, d)
	}
}

Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

Sitting in a station waiting room, Joisino is gazing at her train ticket.

The ticket is numbered with four digits A, B, C and D in this order, each between 0 and 9 (inclusive).

In the formula A op1 B op2 C op3 D = 7, replace each of the symbols op1, op2 and op3 with + or - so that the formula holds.

The given input guarantees that there is a solution. If there are multiple solutions, any of them will be accepted.

Constraints

0≤A,B,C,D≤9

All input values are integers.

It is guaranteed that there is a solution.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

ABCD

Output

Print the formula you made, including the part =7.

Use the signs + and -.

Do not print a space between a digit and a sign.

Sample Input 1

1222

Sample Output 1

1+2+2+2=7

This is the only valid solution.

Sample Input 2

0290

Sample Output 2

0-2+9+0=7

0 - 2 + 9 - 0 = 7 is also a valid solution.

Sample Input 3

3242

Sample Output 3

3+2+4-2=7


package main

import (
	"fmt"
)

var ans = ""

func main() {
	var s string
	fmt.Scan(&s)
	ar := make([]int, 4)

	for i, v := range s {
		ar[i] = int(v - '0')
	}
	f(0, ar[0], s[0:1], ar)
	fmt.Println(ans)
}

func f(n, sum int, s string, ar []int) {
	if n == 3 {
		if sum == 7 {
			ans = s + "=7"
		}
		return
	}
	f(n+1, sum+ar[n+1], s+"+"+fmt.Sprintf("%d", ar[n+1]), ar)
	f(n+1, sum-ar[n+1], s+"-"+fmt.Sprintf("%d", ar[n+1]), ar)
}


package main

import "fmt"

func min(a, b int) int {
	if a < b {
		return a
	}
	return b
}

func main() {
	var h, w int
	var dp [10][10]int
	fmt.Scan(&h, &w)
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		for j := 0; j < 10; j++ {
			fmt.Scan(&dp[i][j])
		}
	}
	for k := 0; k < 10; k++ {
		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
			for j := 0; j < 10; j++ {
				dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][k]+dp[k][j], dp[i][j])
			}
		}
	}
	set := make(map[int]int, 0)
	for i := 0; i < h; i++ {
		for j := 0; j < w; j++ {
			var v int
			fmt.Scan(&v)
			if v != -1 && v != 1 {
				set[v]++
			}
		}
	}
	ans := 0
	for k, v := range set {
		ans += dp[k][1] * v
	}
	fmt.Println(ans)
}

Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

Joisino the magical girl has decided to turn every single digit that exists on this world into 1.

Rewriting a digit i with j (0≤i,j≤9) costs c_{i,j} MP (Magic Points).

She is now standing before a wall. The wall is divided into HW squares in H rows and W columns, and at least one square contains a digit between 0 and 9 (inclusive).

You are given A_{i,j} that describes the square at the i-th row from the top and j-th column from the left, as follows:

If A_{i,j}≠-1, the square contains a digit A_{i,j}.

If A_{i,j}=-1, the square does not contain a digit.

Find the minimum total amount of MP required to turn every digit on this wall into 1 in the end.

Constraints

1≤H,W≤200

1≤c_{i,j}≤10^3 (i≠j)

c_{i,j}=0 (i=j)

-1≤A_{i,j}≤9

All input values are integers.

There is at least one digit on the wall.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

H W
c_{0,0} ... c_{0,9}
:
c_{9,0} ... c_{9,9}
A_{1,1} ... A_{1,W}
:
A_{H,1} ... A_{H,W}

Output

Print the minimum total amount of MP required to turn every digit on the wall into 1 in the end.

Sample Input 1

2 4
0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9
9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 2
9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9
9 9 9 9 2 9 9 9 0 9
9 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0
-1 -1 -1 -1
8 1 1 8

Sample Output 1

12

To turn a single 8 into 1, it is optimal to first turn 8 into 4, then turn 4 into 9, and finally turn 9 into 1, costing 6 MP.

The wall contains two 8s, so the minimum total MP required is 6×2=12.

Sample Input 2

5 5
0 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999
999 0 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999
999 999 0 999 999 999 999 999 999 999
999 999 999 0 999 999 999 999 999 999
999 999 999 999 0 999 999 999 999 999
999 999 999 999 999 0 999 999 999 999
999 999 999 999 999 999 0 999 999 999
999 999 999 999 999 999 999 0 999 999
999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 0 999
999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 0
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1

Sample Output 2

0

Note that she may not need to change any digit.

Sample Input 3

3 5
0 4 3 6 2 7 2 5 3 3
4 0 5 3 7 5 3 7 2 7
5 7 0 7 2 9 3 2 9 1
3 6 2 0 2 4 6 4 2 3
3 5 7 4 0 6 9 7 6 7
9 8 5 2 2 0 4 7 6 5
5 4 6 3 2 3 0 5 4 3
3 6 2 3 4 2 4 0 8 9
4 6 5 4 3 5 3 2 0 8
2 1 3 4 5 7 8 6 4 0
3 5 2 6 1
2 5 3 2 1
6 9 2 5 6

Sample Output 3

47


package main

import (
	. "fmt"
	"bufio"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const INF int = 1e9
const LINF int64 = 1e9
const MOD int = INF + 7

func main() {
	next := newScanner()
	h, w := next.Int(), next.Int()
	c := make([][]int, 10)
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		for j := 0; j < 10; j++ {
			a := next.Int()

			c[i] = append(c[i], a)
		}
	}
	for k := 0; k < 10; k++ {
		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
			for j := 0; j < 10; j++ {
				c[i][j] = min(c[i][j], c[i][k] + c[k][j])
			}
		}
	}

	ans := 0
	for i := 0; i < h; i++ {
		for j := 0; j < w; j++ {
			a := next.Int()

			if a == -1 {
				continue
			} else {
				ans += c[a][1]
			}
		}
	}

	Println(ans)
}

// Scanner begin

type scanner struct {
	r	*bufio.Reader
	buf []byte
	p	int
}

func newScanner() *scanner {
	return &scanner{r: bufio.NewReaderSize(os.Stdin, 10000)}
}

func (s *scanner) next() string {
	s.pre()
	start := s.p

	for ; s.p < len(s.buf); s.p++ {
		if s.buf[s.p] == ' ' {
			break
		}
	}

	result := string(s.buf[start:s.p])
	s.p++
	return result
}

func (s *scanner) Line() string {
	s.pre()
	start := s.p
	s.p = len(s.buf)

	return string(s.buf[start:])
}

func (s *scanner) Int() int {
	v, _ := strconv.Atoi(s.next())
	return v
}

func (s *scanner) Int64() int64 {
	v, _ := strconv.ParseInt(s.next(), 10, 64)
	return v
}

func (s *scanner) Float() float32 {
	f, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(s.next(), 32)

	return float32(f)
}

func (s *scanner) Float64() float64 {
	f, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(s.next(), 64)

	return f
}

func (s *scanner) Bool() bool {
	b, _ := strconv.ParseBool(s.next())

	return b
}

func (s *scanner) String() string {
	return s.next()
}

func (s *scanner) pre() {
	if s.p >= len(s.buf) {
		s.readLine()
		s.p = 0
	}
}

func (s *scanner) readLine() {
	s.buf = make([]byte, 0)
	for {
		l, p, e := s.r.ReadLine()
		if e != nil {
			panic(e)
		}
		s.buf = append(s.buf, l...)
		if !p {
			break
		}
	}
}

// Scanner end

// Standard Function begin

func Itob(i int) bool {
	if i == 0 {
		return false
	} else {
		return true
	}
}

func Btoi(f bool) int {
	if f {
		return 1
	} else {
		return 0
	}
}

func min(a ...int) int {
	ret := a[0]
	for _, e := range a {
		if e < ret {
			ret = e
		}
	}

	return ret
}

func max(a ...int) int {
	ret := a[0]
	for _, e := range a {
		if e > ret {
			ret = e
		}
	}

	return ret
}

func minInt64(a ...int64) int64 {
	ret := a[0]
	for _, e := range a {
		if e < ret {
			ret = e
		}
	}

	return ret
}

func maxInt64(a ...int64) int64 {
	ret := a[0]
	for _, e := range a {
		if e > ret {
			ret = e
		}
	}

	return ret
}

func minFloat(a ...float32) float32 {
	ret := a[0]
	for _, e := range a {
		if e < ret {
			ret = e
		}
	}

	return ret
}

func maxFloat(a ...float32) float32 {
	ret := a[0]
	for _, e := range a {
		if e > ret {
			ret = e
		}
	}

	return ret
}

func minFloat64(a ...float64) float64 {
	ret := a[0]
	for _, e := range a {
		if e < ret {
			ret = e
		}
	}

	return ret
}

func maxFloat64(a ...float64) float64 {
	ret := a[0]
	for _, e := range a {
		if e > ret {
			ret = e
		}
	}

	return ret
}

func abs(a int) int {
	if a < 0 {
		return -a
	} else {
		return a
	}
}

func absInt64(a int64) int64 {
	if a < 0 {
		return -a
	} else {
		return a
	}
}

func absFloat(a float32) float32 {
	if a < 0 {
		return -a
	} else {
		return a
	}
}

func absFloat64(a float64) float64 {
	if a < 0 {
		return -a
	} else {
		return a
	}
}

// Standard Struct begin

type pair struct {
	first, second int
}

type pairs []pair

func Newpair() *pair {
	return &pair {
		first : 0,
		second : 0,
	}
}

func (p pairs) Less(i, j int) bool {
	if p[i].first < p[j].first {
		return true
	} else if p[i].first == p[j].first {
		return p[i].second < p[j].second
	} else {
		return false
	}
}


package main

import (
	"fmt"
)

func main() {
	var x, y string
	fmt.Scan(&x, &y)

	if x < y {
		fmt.Println("<")
	} else if x > y {
		fmt.Println(">")
	} else {
		fmt.Println("=")
	}
}

Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

In programming, hexadecimal notation is often used.

In hexadecimal notation, besides the ten digits 0, 1, ..., 9, the six letters A, B, C, D, E and F are used to represent the values 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15, respectively.

In this problem, you are given two letters X and Y. Each X and Y is A, B, C, D, E or F.

When X and Y are seen as hexadecimal numbers, which is larger?

Constraints

Each X and Y is A, B, C, D, E or F.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

X Y

Output

If X is smaller, print <; if Y is smaller, print >; if they are equal, print =.

Sample Input 1

A B

Sample Output 1

<

10 < 11.

Sample Input 2

E C

Sample Output 2

>

14 > 12.

Sample Input 3

F F

Sample Output 3

=

15 = 15.


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"math"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

/*
var rdr = bufio.NewReaderSize(os.Stdin, 1000000)
// readLine can read long line string (at least 10^5)
func readLine() string {
	buf := make([]byte, 0, 1000000)
	for {
		l, p, e := rdr.ReadLine()
		if e != nil {
			panic(e)
		}
		buf = append(buf, l...)
		if !p {
			break
		}
	}
	return string(buf)
}
// NextLine reads a line text from stdin, and then returns its string.
func NextLine() string {
	return readLine()
}
*/

var sc = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

// NextLine reads a line text from stdin, and then returns its string.
func NextLine() string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

// NextIntsLine reads a line text, that consists of **ONLY INTEGERS DELIMITED BY SPACES**, from stdin.
// And then returns intergers slice.
func NextIntsLine() []int {
	ints := []int{}
	intsStr := NextLine()
	tmp := strings.Split(intsStr, " ")
	for _, s := range tmp {
		integer, _ := strconv.Atoi(s)
		ints = append(ints, integer)
	}
	return ints
}

// NextStringsLine reads a line text, that consists of **STRINGS DELIMITED BY SPACES**, from stdin.
// And then returns strings slice.
func NextStringsLine() []string {
	str := NextLine()
	return strings.Split(str, " ")
}

// NextRunesLine reads a line text, that consists of **ONLY CHARACTERS ARRANGED CONTINUOUSLY**, from stdin.
// Ant then returns runes slice.
func NextRunesLine() []rune {
	return []rune(NextLine())
}

// Max returns the max integer among input set.
// This function needs at least 1 argument (no argument causes panic).
func Max(integers ...int) int {
	m := integers[0]
	for i, integer := range integers {
		if i == 0 {
			continue
		}
		if m < integer {
			m = integer
		}
	}
	return m
}

// Min returns the min integer among input set.
// This function needs at least 1 argument (no argument causes panic).
func Min(integers ...int) int {
	m := integers[0]
	for i, integer := range integers {
		if i == 0 {
			continue
		}
		if m > integer {
			m = integer
		}
	}
	return m
}

// PowInt is integer version of math.Pow
func PowInt(a, e int) int {
	if a < 0 || e < 0 {
		panic(errors.New("[argument error]: PowInt does not accept negative integers"))
	}
	fa := float64(a)
	fe := float64(e)
	fanswer := math.Pow(fa, fe)
	return int(fanswer)
}

// AbsInt is integer version of math.Abs
func AbsInt(a int) int {
	fa := float64(a)
	fanswer := math.Abs(fa)
	return int(fanswer)
}

// DeleteElement returns a *NEW* slice, that have the same and minimum length and capacity.
// DeleteElement makes a new slice by using easy slice literal.
func DeleteElement(s []int, i int) []int {
	if i < 0 || len(s) <= i {
		panic(errors.New("[index error]"))
	}
	// appendのみの実装
	n := make([]int, 0, len(s)-1)
	n = append(n, s[:i]...)
	n = append(n, s[i+1:]...)
	return n
}

// Concat returns a *NEW* slice, that have the same and minimum length and capacity.
func Concat(s, t []rune) []rune {
	n := make([]rune, 0, len(s)+len(t))
	n = append(n, s...)
	n = append(n, t...)
	return n
}

// UpperRune is rune version of `strings.ToUpper()`.
func UpperRune(r rune) rune {
	str := strings.ToUpper(string(r))
	return []rune(str)[0]
}

// LowerRune is rune version of `strings.ToLower()`.
func LowerRune(r rune) rune {
	str := strings.ToLower(string(r))
	return []rune(str)[0]
}

// ToggleRune returns a upper case if an input is a lower case, v.v.
func ToggleRune(r rune) rune {
	var str string
	if 'a' <= r && r <= 'z' {
		str = strings.ToUpper(string(r))
	} else if 'A' <= r && r <= 'Z' {
		str = strings.ToLower(string(r))
	} else {
		str = string(r)
	}
	return []rune(str)[0]
}

// ToggleString iteratively calls ToggleRune, and returns the toggled string.
func ToggleString(s string) string {
	inputRunes := []rune(s)
	outputRunes := make([]rune, 0, len(inputRunes))
	for _, r := range inputRunes {
		outputRunes = append(outputRunes, ToggleRune(r))
	}
	return string(outputRunes)
}

// Strtoi is a wrapper of `strconv.Atoi()`.
// If `strconv.Atoi()` returns an error, Strtoi calls panic.
func Strtoi(s string) int {
	if i, err := strconv.Atoi(s); err != nil {
		panic(errors.New("[argument error]: Strtoi only accepts integer string"))
	} else {
		return i
	}
}

// sort package (snippets)
//sort.Sort(sort.IntSlice(s))
//sort.Sort(sort.Reverse(sort.IntSlice(s)))
//sort.Sort(sort.Float64Slice(s))
//sort.Sort(sort.StringSlice(s))

// copy function
//a = []int{0, 1, 2}
//b = make([]int, len(a))
//copy(b, a)

/*******************************************************************/

var x, y, z int

func main() {
	tmp := NextIntsLine()
	x, y, z = tmp[0], tmp[1], tmp[2]
	q := x / (z + y)
	diff := x % (z + y)
	if diff >= z {
		fmt.Println(q)
	} else {
		fmt.Println(q - 1)
	}
}

Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

We have a long seat of width X centimeters.
There are many people who wants to sit here. A person sitting on the seat will always occupy an interval of length Y centimeters.

We would like to seat as many people as possible, but they are all very shy, and there must be a gap of length at least Z centimeters between two people, and between the end of the seat and a person.

At most how many people can sit on the seat?

Constraints

All input values are integers.

1 \leq X, Y, Z \leq 10^5

Y+2Z \leq X

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

X Y Z

Output

Print the answer.

Sample Input 1

13 3 1

Sample Output 1

3

There is just enough room for three, as shown below:

Figure

Sample Input 2

12 3 1

Sample Output 2

2

Sample Input 3

100000 1 1

Sample Output 3

49999

Sample Input 4

64146 123 456

Sample Output 4

110

Sample Input 5

64145 123 456

Sample Output 5

109


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

func out(x ...interface{}) {
	fmt.Println(x...)
}

var sc = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func getInt() int {
	sc.Scan()
	i, e := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	if e != nil {
		panic(e)
	}
	return i
}

func getString() string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

// min, max, asub, absなど基本関数
func max(a, b int) int {
	if a > b {
		return a
	}
	return b
}

func min(a, b int) int {
	if a < b {
		return a
	}
	return b
}

func asub(a, b int) int {
	if a > b {
		return a - b
	}
	return b - a
}

func abs(a int) int {
	if a >= 0 {
		return a
	}
	return -a
}

func main() {
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	N, M := getInt(), getInt()

	total := (N-M)*100 + 1900*M
	num := 1 << uint(M)

	out(total * num)
}

Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

Takahashi is now competing in a programming contest, but he received TLE in a problem where the answer is YES or NO.

When he checked the detailed status of the submission, there were N test cases in the problem, and the code received TLE in M of those cases.

Then, he rewrote the code to correctly solve each of those M cases with 1/2 probability in 1900 milliseconds, and correctly solve each of the other N-M cases without fail in 100 milliseconds.

Now, he goes through the following process:

Submit the code.

Wait until the code finishes execution on all the cases.

If the code fails to correctly solve some of the M cases, submit it again.

Repeat until the code correctly solve all the cases in one submission.

Let the expected value of the total execution time of the code be X milliseconds. Print X (as an integer).

Constraints

All input values are integers.

1 \leq N \leq 100

1 \leq M \leq {\rm min}(N, 5)

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M

Output

Print X, the expected value of the total execution time of the code, as an integer. It can be proved that, under the constraints in this problem, X is an integer not exceeding 10^9.

Sample Input 1

1 1

Sample Output 1

3800

In this input, there is only one case. Takahashi will repeatedly submit the code that correctly solves this case with 1/2 probability in 1900 milliseconds.

The code will succeed in one attempt with 1/2 probability, in two attempts with 1/4 probability, and in three attempts with 1/8 probability, and so on.

Thus, the answer is 1900 \times 1/2 + (2 \times 1900) \times 1/4 + (3 \times 1900) \times 1/8 + ... = 3800.

Sample Input 2

10 2

Sample Output 2

18400

The code will take 1900 milliseconds in each of the 2 cases, and 100 milliseconds in each of the 10-2=8 cases. The probability of the code correctly solving all the cases is 1/2 \times 1/2 = 1/4.

Sample Input 3

100 5

Sample Output 3

608000


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

func getScanner(fp *os.File) *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(fp)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	scanner.Buffer(make([]byte, 500001), 500000)
	return scanner
}

func getNextString(scanner *bufio.Scanner) string {
	scanner.Scan()
	return scanner.Text()
}

func getNextInt(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int {
	i, _ := strconv.Atoi(getNextString(scanner))
	return i
}

func getNextInt64(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int64 {
	i, _ := strconv.ParseInt(getNextString(scanner), 10, 64)
	return i
}

func getNextUint64(scanner *bufio.Scanner) uint64 {
	i, _ := strconv.ParseUint(getNextString(scanner), 10, 64)
	return i
}

func getNextFloat64(scanner *bufio.Scanner) float64 {
	i, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(getNextString(scanner), 64)
	return i
}

func main() {
	fp := os.Stdin
	wfp := os.Stdout

	if os.Getenv("MASPY") == "ますピ" {
		fp, _ = os.Open(os.Getenv("BEET_THE_HARMONY_OF_PERFECT"))
	}
	if os.Getenv("MASPYPY") == "ますピッピ" {
		wfp, _ = os.Create(os.Getenv("NGTKANA_IS_GENIUS10"))
	}

	scanner := getScanner(fp)
	writer := bufio.NewWriter(wfp)

	n := getNextInt(scanner)
	z := getNextInt(scanner)
	w := getNextInt(scanner)

	aa := make([]int, n)

	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		aa[i] = getNextInt(scanner)
	}

	if n == 1 {
		fmt.Println(absint(w - aa[n-1]))
	}

	fmt.Fprintln(writer, maxint(absint(w-aa[n-1]), absint(aa[n-2]-aa[n-1])))

	writer.Flush()
	fmt.Fprintln(writer, z)
}

func maxint(a, b int) int {
	if a > b {
		return a
	}
	return b
}

func absint(a int) int {
	if a < 0 {
		return -a
	}
	return a
}

Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

We have a deck consisting of N cards. Each card has an integer written on it. The integer on the i-th card from the top is a_i.

Two people X and Y will play a game using this deck. Initially, X has a card with Z written on it in his hand, and Y has a card with W written on it in his hand. Then, starting from X, they will alternately perform the following action:

Draw some number of cards from the top of the deck. Then, discard the card in his hand and keep the last drawn card instead. Here, at least one card must be drawn.

The game ends when there is no more card in the deck. The score of the game is the absolute difference of the integers written on the cards in the two players' hand.

X will play the game so that the score will be maximized, and Y will play the game so that the score will be minimized. What will be the score of the game?

Constraints

All input values are integers.

1 \leq N \leq 2000

1 \leq Z, W, a_i \leq 10^9

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N Z W
a_1 a_2 ... a_N

Output

Print the score.

Sample Input 1

3 100 100
10 1000 100

Sample Output 1

900

If X draws two cards first, Y will draw the last card, and the score will be |1000 - 100| = 900.

Sample Input 2

3 100 1000
10 100 100

Sample Output 2

900

If X draws all the cards first, the score will be |1000 - 100| = 900.

Sample Input 3

5 1 1
1 1 1 1 1

Sample Output 3

0

Sample Input 4

1 1 1
1000000000

Sample Output 4

999999999


package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"math"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type Scanner struct {
	sc *bufio.Scanner
}

func NewScanner() *Scanner {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	sc.Buffer(make([]byte, 1024), int(1e+9))
	return &Scanner{sc}
}

func (s *Scanner) nextStr() string {
	s.sc.Scan()
	return s.sc.Text()
}

func (s *Scanner) nextInt() int {
	i, e := strconv.Atoi(s.nextStr())
	if e != nil {
		panic(e)
	}
	return i
}

func (s *Scanner) nextRuneSlice() []rune {
	return []rune(s.nextStr())
}

func (s *Scanner) nextIntSlice(n int) []int {
	res := make([]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		res[i] = s.nextInt()
	}
	return res
}

func max(nums ...int) int {
	m := nums[0]
	for _, i := range nums {
		if m < i {
			m = i
		}
	}
	return m
}

func min(nums ...int) int {
	m := nums[0]
	for _, i := range nums {
		if m > i {
			m = i
		}
	}
	return m
}

func abs(x int) int {
	if x > 0 {
		return x
	}
	return -x
}

func pow(x, y int) int {
	res := 1
	for i := 0; i < y; i++ {
		res *= x
	}
	return res
}

func main() {
	sc := NewScanner()
	N := sc.nextInt()
	root := math.Sqrt(float64(N))
	upper := int(math.Floor(root))
	fmt.Println(pow(upper, 2))
}

Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

Find the largest square number not exceeding N. Here, a square number is an integer that can be represented as the square of an integer.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 10^9

N is an integer.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the largest square number not exceeding N.

Sample Input 1

10

Sample Output 1

9

10 is not square, but 9 = 3 × 3 is. Thus, we print 9.

Sample Input 2

81

Sample Output 2

81

Sample Input 3

271828182

Sample Output 3

271821169