(defun dfs (graph v n visited)
  (let ((all-visited-p t))
    (dotimes (i n)
      (if (null (aref visited i))
          (setf all-visited-p nil)))
    (if all-visited-p
        1
        (let ((res 0))
          (dotimes (i n)
            (if (and (aref graph v i)
                     (null (aref visited i)))
                (setf (aref visited i) t
                      res (+ res (dfs graph i n visited))
                      (aref visited i) nil)))
          res))))

(let* ((n (read))
       (m (read))
       (graph (make-array `(,n ,n) :initial-element nil))
       (visited (make-array n :initial-element nil)))
  (dotimes (i m)
    (let ((a (1- (read)))
          (b (1- (read))))
      (setf (aref graph a b) t
            (aref graph b a) t)))
  (setf (aref visited 0) t)
  (format t "~A~%" (dfs graph 0 n visited)))

Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

You are given an undirected unweighted graph with N vertices and M edges that contains neither self-loops nor double edges.

Here, a self-loop is an edge where a_i = b_i (1≤i≤M), and double edges are two edges where (a_i,b_i)=(a_j,b_j) or (a_i,b_i)=(b_j,a_j) (1≤i<j≤M).

How many different paths start from vertex 1 and visit all the vertices exactly once?

Here, the endpoints of a path are considered visited.

For example, let us assume that the following undirected graph shown in Figure 1 is given.

Figure 1: an example of an undirected graph

The following path shown in Figure 2 satisfies the condition.

Figure 2: an example of a path that satisfies the condition

However, the following path shown in Figure 3 does not satisfy the condition, because it does not visit all the vertices.

Figure 3: an example of a path that does not satisfy the condition

Neither the following path shown in Figure 4, because it does not start from vertex 1.

Figure 4: another example of a path that does not satisfy the condition

Constraints

2≦N≦8

0≦M≦N(N-1)/2

1≦a_i<b_i≦N

The given graph contains neither self-loops nor double edges.

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M
a_1 b_1
a_2 b_2
:
a_M b_M

Output

Print the number of the different paths that start from vertex 1 and visit all the vertices exactly once.

Sample Input 1

3 3
1 2
1 3
2 3

Sample Output 1

2

The given graph is shown in the following figure:

The following two paths satisfy the condition:

Sample Input 2

7 7
1 3
2 7
3 4
4 5
4 6
5 6
6 7

Sample Output 2

1

This test case is the same as the one described in the problem statement.


#-swank
(unless (member :child-sbcl *features*)
  (quit
   :unix-status
   (process-exit-code
    (run-program *runtime-pathname*
                 `("--control-stack-size" "128MB"
                   "--noinform" "--disable-ldb" "--lose-on-corruption" "--end-runtime-options"
                   "--eval" "(push :child-sbcl *features*)"
                   "--script" ,(namestring *load-pathname*))
                 :output t :error t :input t))))
(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
  (sb-int:defconstant-eqx OPT
    #+swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 2))
    #-swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (debug 0))
    #'equal)
  #+swank (ql:quickload '(:cl-debug-print :fiveam) :silent t)
  #-swank (set-dispatch-macro-character
           ;; enclose the form with VALUES to avoid being captured by LOOP macro
           #\# #\> (lambda (s c p) (declare (ignore c p)) `(values ,(read s nil nil t)))))
#+swank (cl-syntax:use-syntax cl-debug-print:debug-print-syntax)
#-swank (disable-debugger) ; for CS Academy

;; BEGIN_INSERTED_CONTENTS
(macrolet ((def (name fname)
             `(define-modify-macro ,name (new-value) ,fname)))
  (def minf min)
  (def maxf max)
  (def mulf *)
  (def divf /)
  (def iorf logior)
  (def xorf logxor)
  (def andf logand))

(declaim (ftype (function * (values fixnum &optional)) read-fixnum))
(defun read-fixnum (&optional (in *standard-input*))
  "NOTE: cannot read -2^62"
  (macrolet ((%read-byte ()
               `(the (unsigned-byte 8)
                     #+swank (char-code (read-char in nil #\Nul))
                     #-swank (sb-impl::ansi-stream-read-byte in nil #.(char-code #\Nul) nil))))
    (let* ((minus nil)
           (result (loop (let ((byte (%read-byte)))
                           (cond ((<= 48 byte 57)
                                  (return (- byte 48)))
                                 ((zerop byte) ; #\Nul
                                  (error "Read EOF or #\Nul."))
                                 ((= byte #.(char-code #\-))
                                  (setq minus t)))))))
      (declare ((integer 0 #.most-positive-fixnum) result))
      (loop
        (let* ((byte (%read-byte)))
          (if (<= 48 byte 57)
              (setq result (+ (- byte 48)
                              (* 10 (the (integer 0 #.(floor most-positive-fixnum 10))
                                         result))))
              (return (if minus (- result) result))))))))

(defmacro dbg (&rest forms)
  #+swank
  (if (= (length forms) 1)
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',(car forms) ,(car forms))
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',forms `(,,@forms)))
  #-swank (declare (ignore forms)))

(defmacro define-int-types (&rest bits)
  `(progn
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "UINT~A" b)) () '(unsigned-byte ,b))) bits)
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "INT~A" b)) () '(signed-byte ,b))) bits)))
(define-int-types 2 4 7 8 15 16 31 32 62 63 64)

(declaim (inline println))
(defun println (obj &optional (stream *standard-output*))
  (let ((*read-default-float-format* 'double-float))
    (prog1 (princ obj stream) (terpri stream))))

(defconstant +mod+ 1000000007)

;;;
;;; Body
;;;

(defun main ()
  (let* ((n (read))
         (as (make-array n :element-type 'uint32))
         (graph (make-array n :element-type 'list :initial-element nil))
         (dp (make-array n :element-type 'fixnum)))
    (dotimes (i n)
      (setf (aref as i) (read-fixnum)))
    (dotimes (i (- n 1))
      (let ((a (- (read-fixnum) 1))
            (b (- (read-fixnum) 1)))
        (push a (aref graph b))
        (push b (aref graph a))))
    (labels ((dfs (v parent)
               (if (and (null (cdr (aref graph v)))
                        (= parent (car (aref graph v))))
                   (setf (aref dp v) (aref as v))
                   (let ((sum 0)
                         (max 0))
                     (dolist (child (aref graph v))
                       (unless (= child parent)
                         (let ((value (dfs child v)))
                           (incf sum value)
                           (maxf max value))))
                     (let ((res (- (* (aref as v) 2) sum)))
                       (dbg res sum max v dp)
                       (unless (and (<= 0 res)
                                    (<= 0
                                        (- (aref as v) res)
                                        (if (>= max (- sum max))
                                            (- sum max)
                                            (ash sum -1))))
                         (write-line "NO")
                         (return-from main))
                       (setf (aref dp v) res))))))
      (if (= n 2)
          (write-line (if (= (aref as 0) (aref as 1))
                          "YES"
                          "NO"))
          (dotimes (v n)
            (when (cdr (aref graph v))
              (dfs v -1)
              (write-line
               (if (zerop (aref dp v))
                   "YES"
                   "NO"))
              (return-from main)))))))

#-swank (main)

;;;
;;; Test and benchmark
;;;

#+swank
(defun io-equal (in-string out-string &key (function #'main) (test #'equal))
  "Passes IN-STRING to *STANDARD-INPUT*, executes FUNCTION, and returns true if
the string output to *STANDARD-OUTPUT* is equal to OUT-STRING."
  (labels ((ensure-last-lf (s)
             (if (eql (uiop:last-char s) #\Linefeed)
                 s
                 (uiop:strcat s uiop:+lf+))))
    (funcall test
             (ensure-last-lf out-string)
             (with-output-to-string (out)
               (let ((*standard-output* out))
                 (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (ensure-last-lf in-string))
                   (funcall function)))))))

#+swank
(defun get-clipbrd ()
  (with-output-to-string (out)
    (run-program "powershell.exe" '("-Command" "Get-Clipboard") :output out :search t)))

#+swank (defparameter *this-pathname* (uiop:current-lisp-file-pathname))
#+swank (defparameter *dat-pathname* (uiop:merge-pathnames* "test.dat" *this-pathname*))

#+swank
(defun run (&optional thing (out *standard-output*))
  "THING := null | string | symbol | pathname

null: run #'MAIN using the text on clipboard as input.
string: run #'MAIN using the string as input.
symbol: alias of FIVEAM:RUN!.
pathname: run #'MAIN using the text file as input."
  (let ((*standard-output* out))
    (etypecase thing
      (null
       (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (delete #\Return (get-clipbrd)))
         (main)))
      (string
       (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (delete #\Return thing))
         (main)))
      (symbol (5am:run! thing))
      (pathname
       (with-open-file (*standard-input* thing)
         (main))))))

#+swank
(defun gen-dat ()
  (uiop:with-output-file (out *dat-pathname* :if-exists :supersede)
    (format out "")))

#+swank
(defun bench (&optional (out (make-broadcast-stream)))
  (time (run *dat-pathname* out)))

;; To run: (5am:run! :sample)
#+swank
(it.bese.fiveam:test :sample
  (it.bese.fiveam:is
   (common-lisp-user::io-equal "5
1 2 1 1 2
2 4
5 2
3 2
1 3
"
    "YES
"))
  (it.bese.fiveam:is
   (common-lisp-user::io-equal "3
1 2 1
1 2
2 3
"
    "NO
"))
  (it.bese.fiveam:is
   (common-lisp-user::io-equal "6
3 2 2 2 2 2
1 2
2 3
1 4
1 5
4 6
"
    "YES
")))

Global OOD problem IDs are disjoint from train, validation, and in-distribution test problem IDs.

Score : 700 points

Problem Statement

There is a tree with N vertices, numbered 1 through N.
The i-th of the N-1 edges connects vertices a_i and b_i.

Currently, there are A_i stones placed on vertex i.
Determine whether it is possible to remove all the stones from the vertices by repeatedly performing the following operation:

Select a pair of different leaves. Then, remove exactly one stone from every vertex on the path between those two vertices.
Here, a leaf is a vertex of the tree whose degree is 1, and the selected leaves themselves are also considered as vertices on the path connecting them.

Note that the operation cannot be performed if there is a vertex with no stone on the path.

Constraints

2 ≦ N ≦ 10^5

1 ≦ a_i,b_i ≦ N

0 ≦ A_i ≦ 10^9

The given graph is a tree.

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1 A_2 … A_N
a_1 b_1
:
a_{N-1} b_{N-1}

Output

If it is possible to remove all the stones from the vertices, print YES. Otherwise, print NO.

Sample Input 1

5
1 2 1 1 2
2 4
5 2
3 2
1 3

Sample Output 1

YES

All the stones can be removed, as follows:

Select vertices 4 and 5. Then, there is one stone remaining on each vertex except 4.

Select vertices 1 and 5. Then, there is no stone on any vertex.

Sample Input 2

3
1 2 1
1 2
2 3

Sample Output 2

NO

Sample Input 3

6
3 2 2 2 2 2
1 2
2 3
1 4
1 5
4 6

Sample Output 3

YES

Submitted source-code file size, in bytes.

Execution CPU time reported by official Project CodeNet metadata, in milliseconds.

Peak memory usage reported by official Project CodeNet metadata, in kilobytes.


#-swank
(unless (member :child-sbcl *features*)
  (quit
   :unix-status
   (process-exit-code
    (run-program *runtime-pathname*
                 `("--control-stack-size" "128MB"
                   "--noinform" "--disable-ldb" "--lose-on-corruption" "--end-runtime-options"
                   "--eval" "(push :child-sbcl *features*)"
                   "--script" ,(namestring *load-pathname*))
                 :output t :error t :input t))))
(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
  (sb-int:defconstant-eqx OPT
    #+swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 2))
    #-swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (debug 0))
    #'equal)
  #+swank (ql:quickload '(:cl-debug-print :fiveam) :silent t)
  #-swank (set-dispatch-macro-character
           ;; enclose the form with VALUES to avoid being captured by LOOP macro
           #\# #\> (lambda (s c p) (declare (ignore c p)) `(values ,(read s nil nil t)))))
#+swank (cl-syntax:use-syntax cl-debug-print:debug-print-syntax)
#-swank (disable-debugger) ; for CS Academy

;; BEGIN_INSERTED_CONTENTS
(macrolet ((def (name fname)
             `(define-modify-macro ,name (new-value) ,fname)))
  (def minf min)
  (def maxf max)
  (def mulf *)
  (def divf /)
  (def iorf logior)
  (def xorf logxor)
  (def andf logand))

(declaim (ftype (function * (values fixnum &optional)) read-fixnum))
(defun read-fixnum (&optional (in *standard-input*))
  "NOTE: cannot read -2^62"
  (macrolet ((%read-byte ()
               `(the (unsigned-byte 8)
                     #+swank (char-code (read-char in nil #\Nul))
                     #-swank (sb-impl::ansi-stream-read-byte in nil #.(char-code #\Nul) nil))))
    (let* ((minus nil)
           (result (loop (let ((byte (%read-byte)))
                           (cond ((<= 48 byte 57)
                                  (return (- byte 48)))
                                 ((zerop byte) ; #\Nul
                                  (error "Read EOF or #\Nul."))
                                 ((= byte #.(char-code #\-))
                                  (setq minus t)))))))
      (declare ((integer 0 #.most-positive-fixnum) result))
      (loop
        (let* ((byte (%read-byte)))
          (if (<= 48 byte 57)
              (setq result (+ (- byte 48)
                              (* 10 (the (integer 0 #.(floor most-positive-fixnum 10))
                                         result))))
              (return (if minus (- result) result))))))))

(defmacro dbg (&rest forms)
  #+swank
  (if (= (length forms) 1)
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',(car forms) ,(car forms))
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',forms `(,,@forms)))
  #-swank (declare (ignore forms)))

(defmacro define-int-types (&rest bits)
  `(progn
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "UINT~A" b)) () '(unsigned-byte ,b))) bits)
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "INT~A" b)) () '(signed-byte ,b))) bits)))
(define-int-types 2 4 7 8 15 16 31 32 62 63 64)

(declaim (inline println))
(defun println (obj &optional (stream *standard-output*))
  (let ((*read-default-float-format* 'double-float))
    (prog1 (princ obj stream) (terpri stream))))

(defconstant +mod+ 1000000007)

;;;
;;; Body
;;;

(defun main ()
  (let* ((n (read))
         (as (make-array n :element-type 'uint32))
         (graph (make-array n :element-type 'list :initial-element nil))
         (dp (make-array n :element-type 'fixnum)))
    (dotimes (i n)
      (setf (aref as i) (read-fixnum)))
    (dotimes (i (- n 1))
      (let ((a (- (read-fixnum) 1))
            (b (- (read-fixnum) 1)))
        (push a (aref graph b))
        (push b (aref graph a))))
    (labels ((dfs (v parent)
               (if (and (null (cdr (aref graph v)))
                        (= parent (car (aref graph v))))
                   (setf (aref dp v) (aref as v))
                   (let ((sum 0)
                         (max 0))
                     (dolist (child (aref graph v))
                       (unless (= child parent)
                         (let ((value (dfs child v)))
                           (incf sum value)
                           (maxf max value))))
                     (let ((res (- (* (aref as v) 2) sum)))
                       (dbg res sum max v dp)
                       (unless (and (<= 0 res)
                                    (<= 0
                                        (- (aref as v) res)
                                        (if (>= max (- sum max))
                                            (- sum max)
                                            (ash sum -1))))
                         (write-line "NO")
                         (return-from main))
                       (setf (aref dp v) res))))))
      (dotimes (v n)
        (when (cdr (aref graph v))
          (dfs v -1)
          (write-line
           (if (zerop (aref dp v))
               (error "Huh?")
               "NO"))
          (return-from main))))))

#-swank (main)

;;;
;;; Test and benchmark
;;;

#+swank
(defun io-equal (in-string out-string &key (function #'main) (test #'equal))
  "Passes IN-STRING to *STANDARD-INPUT*, executes FUNCTION, and returns true if
the string output to *STANDARD-OUTPUT* is equal to OUT-STRING."
  (labels ((ensure-last-lf (s)
             (if (eql (uiop:last-char s) #\Linefeed)
                 s
                 (uiop:strcat s uiop:+lf+))))
    (funcall test
             (ensure-last-lf out-string)
             (with-output-to-string (out)
               (let ((*standard-output* out))
                 (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (ensure-last-lf in-string))
                   (funcall function)))))))

#+swank
(defun get-clipbrd ()
  (with-output-to-string (out)
    (run-program "powershell.exe" '("-Command" "Get-Clipboard") :output out :search t)))

#+swank (defparameter *this-pathname* (uiop:current-lisp-file-pathname))
#+swank (defparameter *dat-pathname* (uiop:merge-pathnames* "test.dat" *this-pathname*))

#+swank
(defun run (&optional thing (out *standard-output*))
  "THING := null | string | symbol | pathname

null: run #'MAIN using the text on clipboard as input.
string: run #'MAIN using the string as input.
symbol: alias of FIVEAM:RUN!.
pathname: run #'MAIN using the text file as input."
  (let ((*standard-output* out))
    (etypecase thing
      (null
       (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (delete #\Return (get-clipbrd)))
         (main)))
      (string
       (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (delete #\Return thing))
         (main)))
      (symbol (5am:run! thing))
      (pathname
       (with-open-file (*standard-input* thing)
         (main))))))

#+swank
(defun gen-dat ()
  (uiop:with-output-file (out *dat-pathname* :if-exists :supersede)
    (format out "")))

#+swank
(defun bench (&optional (out (make-broadcast-stream)))
  (time (run *dat-pathname* out)))

;; To run: (5am:run! :sample)
#+swank
(it.bese.fiveam:test :sample
  (it.bese.fiveam:is
   (common-lisp-user::io-equal "5
1 2 1 1 2
2 4
5 2
3 2
1 3
"
    "YES
"))
  (it.bese.fiveam:is
   (common-lisp-user::io-equal "3
1 2 1
1 2
2 3
"
    "NO
"))
  (it.bese.fiveam:is
   (common-lisp-user::io-equal "6
3 2 2 2 2 2
1 2
2 3
1 4
1 5
4 6
"
    "YES
")))


Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

Smeke has decided to participate in AtCoder Beginner Contest (ABC) if his current rating is less than 1200, and participate in AtCoder Regular Contest (ARC) otherwise.

You are given Smeke's current rating, x. Print ABC if Smeke will participate in ABC, and print ARC otherwise.

Constraints

1 ≦ x ≦ 3{,}000

x is an integer.

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

x

Output

Print the answer.

Sample Input 1

1000

Sample Output 1

ABC

Smeke's current rating is less than 1200, thus the output should be ABC.

Sample Input 2

2000

Sample Output 2

ARC

Smeke's current rating is not less than 1200, thus the output should be ARC.


;; -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
  (sb-int:defconstant-eqx OPT
    #+swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 2))
    #-swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (debug 0))
    #'equal)
  #+swank (ql:quickload '(:cl-debug-print :fiveam) :silent t)
  #-swank (set-dispatch-macro-character
           ;; enclose the form with VALUES to avoid being captured by LOOP macro
           #\# #\> (lambda (s c p) (declare (ignore c p)) `(values ,(read s nil nil t)))))
#+swank (cl-syntax:use-syntax cl-debug-print:debug-print-syntax)
#-swank (disable-debugger) ; for CS Academy

;; BEGIN_INSERTED_CONTENTS
(defmacro dbg (&rest forms)
  #+swank
  (if (= (length forms) 1)
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',(car forms) ,(car forms))
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',forms `(,,@forms)))
  #-swank (declare (ignore forms)))

(defmacro define-int-types (&rest bits)
  `(progn
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "UINT~A" b)) () '(unsigned-byte ,b))) bits)
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "INT~A" b)) () '(signed-byte ,b))) bits)))
(define-int-types 2 4 7 8 15 16 31 32 62 63 64)

(declaim (inline println))
(defun println (obj &optional (stream *standard-output*))
  (let ((*read-default-float-format* 'double-float))
    (prog1 (princ obj stream) (terpri stream))))

(defconstant +mod+ 1000000007)

;;;
;;; Body
;;;

(defun main ()
  (let* ((x (read)))
    (multiple-value-bind (quot rem) (floor x 11)
      (println
       (+ (* 2 quot)
          (cond ((zerop rem) 0)
                ((<= rem 6) 1)
                (t 2)))))))

#-swank (main)

;;;
;;; Test and benchmark
;;;

#+swank
(defun io-equal (in-string out-string &key (function #'main) (test #'equal))
  "Passes IN-STRING to *STANDARD-INPUT*, executes FUNCTION, and returns true if
the string output to *STANDARD-OUTPUT* is equal to OUT-STRING."
  (labels ((ensure-last-lf (s)
             (if (eql (uiop:last-char s) #\Linefeed)
                 s
                 (uiop:strcat s uiop:+lf+))))
    (funcall test
             (ensure-last-lf out-string)
             (with-output-to-string (out)
               (let ((*standard-output* out))
                 (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (ensure-last-lf in-string))
                   (funcall function)))))))

#+swank
(defun get-clipbrd ()
  (with-output-to-string (out)
    ;; (run-program "C:/Windows/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0/powershell.exe" '("get-clipboard") :output out)
    (run-program "powershell.exe" '("-Command" "Get-Clipboard") :output out :search t)))

#+swank (defparameter *this-pathname* (uiop:current-lisp-file-pathname))
#+swank (defparameter *dat-pathname* (uiop:merge-pathnames* "test.dat" *this-pathname*))

#+swank
(defun run (&optional thing (out *standard-output*))
  "THING := null | string | symbol | pathname

null: run #'MAIN using the text on clipboard as input.
string: run #'MAIN using the string as input.
symbol: alias of FIVEAM:RUN!.
pathname: run #'MAIN using the text file as input."
  (let ((*standard-output* out))
    (etypecase thing
      (null
       (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (delete #\Return (get-clipbrd)))
         (main)))
      (string
       (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (delete #\Return thing))
         (main)))
      (symbol (5am:run! thing))
      (pathname
       (with-open-file (*standard-input* thing)
         (main))))))

#+swank
(defun gen-dat ()
  (uiop:with-output-file (out *dat-pathname* :if-exists :supersede)
    (format out "")))

#+swank
(defun bench (&optional (out (make-broadcast-stream)))
  (time (run *dat-pathname* out)))

;; To run: (5am:run! :sample)
#+swank
(it.bese.fiveam:test :sample
  (it.bese.fiveam:is
   (common-lisp-user::io-equal "7
"
    "2
"))
  (it.bese.fiveam:is
   (common-lisp-user::io-equal "149696127901
"
    "27217477801
")))

Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

Snuke has decided to play with a six-sided die. Each of its six sides shows an integer 1 through 6, and two numbers on opposite sides always add up to 7.

Snuke will first put the die on the table with an arbitrary side facing upward, then repeatedly perform the following operation:

Operation: Rotate the die 90° toward one of the following directions: left, right, front (the die will come closer) and back (the die will go farther). Then, obtain y points where y is the number written in the side facing upward.

For example, let us consider the situation where the side showing 1 faces upward, the near side shows 5 and the right side shows 4, as illustrated in the figure.
If the die is rotated toward the right as shown in the figure, the side showing 3 will face upward.
Besides, the side showing 4 will face upward if the die is rotated toward the left, the side showing 2 will face upward if the die is rotated toward the front, and the side showing 5 will face upward if the die is rotated toward the back.

Find the minimum number of operation Snuke needs to perform in order to score at least x points in total.

Constraints

1 ≦ x ≦ 10^{15}

x is an integer.

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

x

Output

Print the answer.

Sample Input 1

7

Sample Output 1

2

Sample Input 2

149696127901

Sample Output 2

27217477801


(format t "~A~%" (multiple-value-bind (a b)
                   (truncate (read) 11)
                   (+ (* a 2) (ceiling b 6))))


(let ((x (read))
    (ans 0))
    (setq ans (* (floor (/ x 11)) 2))
    (setq x (rem x 11))
    (if (>= x 7)
        (incf ans 2)
        (if (not (= x 0))
            (incf ans)
        )
    )
    (princ ans)
)


#-swank
(unless (member :child-sbcl *features*)
  (quit
   :unix-status
   (process-exit-code
    (run-program *runtime-pathname*
                 `("--control-stack-size" "64MB"
                   "--noinform" "--disable-ldb" "--lose-on-corruption" "--end-runtime-options"
                   "--eval" "(push :child-sbcl *features*)"
                   "--script" ,(namestring *load-pathname*))
                 :output t :error t :input t))))

;; -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
  (defparameter OPT
    #+swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 2))
    #-swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (debug 0)))
  #+swank (ql:quickload '(:cl-debug-print :fiveam))
  #-swank (set-dispatch-macro-character #\# #\> (lambda (s c p) (declare (ignore c p)) (read s nil (values) t))))
#+swank (cl-syntax:use-syntax cl-debug-print:debug-print-syntax)
#-swank (disable-debugger) ; for CS Academy

;; BEGIN_INSERTED_CONTENTS
;;;                                        ;
;;; Memoization macro
;;;

;; TODO: detailed documentation

;; Usage example:
;; (with-cache (:hash-table :test #'equal :key #'cons)
;;   (defun ...))
;; (with-cache (:array (10 10 * 10) :initial-element -1 :element-type 'fixnum)
;;   (defun foo (a b c d) ...)) ; => C is ignored.
;; (with-cache (:array (10 10) :initial-element -1 :element-type 'fixnum :debug t)
;;   (defun foo (x y) ...)) ; executes with trace of foo

;; FIXME: *RECURSION-DEPTH* should be included within the macro.
(declaim (type (integer 0 #.most-positive-fixnum) *recursion-depth*))
(defparameter *recursion-depth* 0)

(defmacro with-cache (cache-attribs def-form)
  (let* ((cache-attribs (if (atom cache-attribs) (list cache-attribs) cache-attribs))
         (cache-type (first cache-attribs))
         (dimensions-with-* (when (eql cache-type :array) (second cache-attribs)))
         (dimensions (remove '* dimensions-with-*))
         (rank (length dimensions))
         (rest-attribs (ecase cache-type
                         (:hash-table (cdr cache-attribs))
                         (:array (cddr cache-attribs))))
         (key (prog1 (getf rest-attribs :key) (remf rest-attribs :key)))
         (debug (prog1 (getf rest-attribs :debug) (remf rest-attribs :debug)))
         (cache-form (case cache-type
                       (:hash-table `(make-hash-table ,@rest-attribs))
                       (:array `(make-array (list ,@dimensions) ,@rest-attribs))))
         (initial-element (when (eql cache-type :array)
                            (assert (member :initial-element rest-attribs))
                            (getf rest-attribs :initial-element))))
    (let ((cache (gensym))
          (value (gensym))
	  (present-p (gensym))
          (name-alias (gensym))
	  (args-lst (gensym))
          (indices (loop repeat rank collect (gensym))))
      (labels ((debug (name args obj)
                 (let ((value (gensym)))
                   (if debug
                       `(progn
                          (format t "~A~A: (~A ~{~A~^ ~}) =>~%"
                                  (make-string *recursion-depth*
                                               :element-type 'base-char
                                               :initial-element #\ )
                                  *recursion-depth*
                                  ',name
                                  (list ,@args))
                          (let ((,value (let ((*recursion-depth* (1+ *recursion-depth*)))
                                          ,obj)))
                            (format t "~A~A: (~A ~{~A~^ ~}) => ~A~%"
                                    (make-string *recursion-depth*
                                               :element-type 'base-char
                                               :initial-element #\ )
                                    *recursion-depth*
                                    ',name
                                    (list ,@args)
                                    ,value)
                            ,value))
                       obj)))
               (make-cache-check-form (cache-type name args)
                 (debug name
                        args
                        (case cache-type
                          (:hash-table
                           `(let ((,args-lst (funcall ,(or key #'list) ,@args)))
                              (multiple-value-bind (,value ,present-p)
                                  (gethash ,args-lst ,cache)
                                (if ,present-p
                                    ,value
                                    (setf (gethash ,args-lst ,cache)
                                          (,name-alias ,@args))))))
                          (:array
                           (let ((memoized-args (loop for dimension in dimensions-with-*
                                                      for arg in args
                                                      unless (eql dimension '*)
                                                      collect arg)))
                             (if key
                                 `(multiple-value-bind ,indices
                                      (funcall ,key ,@memoized-args)
                                    (let ((,value (aref ,cache ,@indices)))
                                      (if (eql ,initial-element ,value)
                                          (setf (aref ,cache ,@indices)
                                                (,name-alias ,@args))
                                          ,value)))
                                 `(let ((,value (aref ,cache ,@memoized-args)))
                                    (if (eql ,initial-element ,value)
                                        (setf (aref ,cache ,@memoized-args)
                                              (,name-alias ,@args))
                                        ,value))))))))
               (make-reset-form (cache-type)
                 (case cache-type
                   (:hash-table `(setf ,cache (make-hash-table ,@rest-attribs)))
                   (:array `(prog1 nil
                              (fill (array-storage-vector ,cache) ,initial-element)))))
               (make-reset-name (name)
                 (intern (format nil "RESET-~A" (symbol-name name))))
               (extract-declarations (body)
                 (remove-if-not (lambda (form) (eql 'declare (car form))) body)))
        (ecase (car def-form)
          ((defun)
           (destructuring-bind (_ name args &body body) def-form
             (declare (ignore _))
             `(let ((,cache ,cache-form))
                (defun ,(make-reset-name name) () ,(make-reset-form cache-type))
                (defun ,name ,args
                  ,@(extract-declarations body)
                  (labels ((,name-alias ,args ,@body))
                    (declare (inline ,name-alias))
                    ,(make-cache-check-form cache-type name args))))))
          ((nlet sb-int:named-let)
           (destructuring-bind (_ name bindings &body body) def-form
             (declare (ignore _))
             `(let ((,cache ,cache-form))
                (,(car def-form) ,name ,bindings
                  ,@(extract-declarations body)
                  ,(let ((args (mapcar (lambda (x) (if (atom x) x (car x))) bindings)))
                     `(labels ((,name-alias ,args ,@body))
                        (declare (inline ,name-alias))
                        ,(make-cache-check-form cache-type name args)))))))
          ((labels flet)
           (destructuring-bind (_ definitions &body labels-body) def-form
             (declare (ignore _))
             (destructuring-bind (name args &body body) (car definitions)
               `(let ((,cache ,cache-form))
                  (,(car def-form)
                   ((,(make-reset-name name) () ,(make-reset-form cache-type))
                    (,name ,args
                           ,@(extract-declarations body)
                           (labels ((,name-alias ,args ,@body))
                             (declare (inline ,name-alias))
                             ,(make-cache-check-form cache-type name args)))
                    ,@(cdr definitions))
                   (declare (ignorable #',(make-reset-name name)))
                   ,@labels-body))))))))))

(declaim (ftype (function * (values fixnum &optional)) read-fixnum))
(defun read-fixnum (&optional (in *standard-input*))
  (declare #.OPT)
  (macrolet ((%read-byte ()
               `(the (unsigned-byte 8)
                     #+swank (char-code (read-char in nil #\Nul))
                     #-swank (sb-impl::ansi-stream-read-byte in nil #.(char-code #\Nul) nil))))
    (let* ((minus nil)
           (result (loop (let ((byte (%read-byte)))
                           (cond ((<= 48 byte 57)
                                  (return (- byte 48)))
                                 ((zerop byte) ; #\Nul
                                  (error "Read EOF or #\Nul."))
                                 ((= byte #.(char-code #\-))
                                  (setf minus t)))))))
      (declare ((integer 0 #.most-positive-fixnum) result))
      (loop
        (let* ((byte (%read-byte)))
          (if (<= 48 byte 57)
              (setq result (+ (- byte 48) (* 10 (the (integer 0 #.(floor most-positive-fixnum 10)) result))))
              (return (if minus (- result) result))))))))

(defmacro dbg (&rest forms)
  #+swank
  (if (= (length forms) 1)
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',(car forms) ,(car forms))
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',forms `(,,@forms)))
  #-swank (declare (ignore forms)))

(defmacro define-int-types (&rest bits)
  `(progn
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "UINT~A" b)) () '(unsigned-byte ,b))) bits)
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "INT~A" b)) () '(signed-byte ,b))) bits)))
(define-int-types 2 4 7 8 15 16 31 32 62 63 64)

(declaim (inline println))
(defun println (obj &optional (stream *standard-output*))
  (let ((*read-default-float-format* 'double-float))
    (prog1 (princ obj stream) (terpri stream))))

(defconstant +mod+ 1000000007)

;; Body

(defun main ()
  (declare #.OPT
           (inline sort))
  (let* ((n (read))
         (graph (make-array n :element-type 'list :initial-element nil)))
    (loop for i from 1 below n
          do (let ((a (- (read-fixnum) 1)))
               (push i (aref graph a))))
    (println
     (with-cache (:array (n) :element-type 'uint32 :initial-element #xffffffff)
       (sb-int:named-let recur ((v 0))
         (setf (aref graph v)
               (sort (aref graph v) #'> :key #'recur))
         (loop for i of-type uint32 from 0
               for child in (aref graph v)
               maximize (+ i 1 (recur child))))))))

#-swank (main)

Score : 800 points

Problem Statement

N contestants participated in a competition. The total of N-1 matches were played in a knockout tournament.
For some reasons, the tournament may not be "fair" for all the contestants.
That is, the number of the matches that must be played in order to win the championship may be different for each contestant. The structure of the tournament is formally described at the end of this statement.

After each match, there were always one winner and one loser. The last contestant standing was declared the champion.

Figure: an example of a tournament

For convenience, the contestants were numbered 1 through N. The contestant numbered 1 was the champion, and the contestant numbered i(2 ≦ i ≦ N) was defeated in a match against the contestant numbered a_i.

We will define the depth of the tournament as the maximum number of the matches that must be played in order to win the championship over all the contestants.

Find the minimum possible depth of the tournament.

The formal description of the structure of the tournament is as follows. In the i-th match, one of the following played against each other:

Two predetermined contestants

One predetermined contestant and the winner of the j-th match, where j(j<i) was predetermined

The winner of the j-th match and the winner of the k-th match, where j and k (j,k<i, j ≠ k) were predetermined

Such structure is valid structure of the tournament, if and only if no contestant who has already been defeated in a match will never play in a match, regardless of the outcome of the matches.

Constraints

2 ≦ N ≦ 10^5

1 ≦ a_i ≦ N(2 ≦ i ≦ N)

It is guaranteed that the input is consistent (that is, there exists at least one tournament that matches the given information).

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_2
:
a_N

Output

Print the minimum possible depth of the tournament.

Sample Input 1

5
1
1
2
4

Sample Output 1

3

The following tournament and the result of the matches are consistent with the given information:

In the first match, contestants 4 and 5 played against each other, and contestant 4 won.

In the second match, contestants 2 and 4 played against each other, and contestant 2 won.

In the third match, contestants 1 and 3 played against each other, and contestant 1 won.

In the fourth match, contestants 1 and 2 played against each other, and contestant 1 won.

The depth of this tournament is 3, since contestant 5 must play three matches in order to win the championship.
There is no tournament with depth 2 or less that is consistent with the given information, thus the output should be 3.

Sample Input 2

7
1
2
1
3
1
4

Sample Output 2

3

Sample Input 3

4
4
4
1

Sample Output 3

3


Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

There are two rectangles.
The lengths of the vertical sides of the first rectangle are A, and the lengths of the horizontal sides of the first rectangle are B.
The lengths of the vertical sides of the second rectangle are C, and the lengths of the horizontal sides of the second rectangle are D.

Print the area of the rectangle with the larger area.
If the two rectangles have equal areas, print that area.

Constraints

All input values are integers.

1≤A≤10^4

1≤B≤10^4

1≤C≤10^4

1≤D≤10^4

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

A B C D

Output

Print the area of the rectangle with the larger area.
If the two rectangles have equal areas, print that area.

Sample Input 1

3 5 2 7

Sample Output 1

15

The first rectangle has an area of 3×5=15, and the second rectangle has an area of 2×7=14.
Thus, the output should be 15, the larger area.

Sample Input 2

100 600 200 300

Sample Output 2

60000


;; -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
  (sb-int:defconstant-eqx OPT
    #+swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 2))
    #-swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (debug 0))
    #'equal)
  #+swank (ql:quickload '(:cl-debug-print :fiveam) :silent t)
  #-swank (set-dispatch-macro-character
           ;; enclose the form with VALUES to avoid being captured by LOOP macro
           #\# #\> (lambda (s c p) (declare (ignore c p)) `(values ,(read s nil nil t)))))
#+swank (cl-syntax:use-syntax cl-debug-print:debug-print-syntax)
#-swank (disable-debugger) ; for CS Academy

;; BEGIN_INSERTED_CONTENTS
(defmacro dbg (&rest forms)
  #+swank
  (if (= (length forms) 1)
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',(car forms) ,(car forms))
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',forms `(,,@forms)))
  #-swank (declare (ignore forms)))

(defmacro define-int-types (&rest bits)
  `(progn
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "UINT~A" b)) () '(unsigned-byte ,b))) bits)
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "INT~A" b)) () '(signed-byte ,b))) bits)))
(define-int-types 2 4 7 8 15 16 31 32 62 63 64)

(declaim (inline println))
(defun println (obj &optional (stream *standard-output*))
  (let ((*read-default-float-format* 'double-float))
    (prog1 (princ obj stream) (terpri stream))))

(defconstant +mod+ 1000000007)

;;;
;;; Body
;;;

(defun main ()
  (let* ((x (read))
         (y (read)))
    (println
     (cond ((<= 0 x y)
            (- y x))
           ((<= 0 y x)
            (+ x y 1))
           ((<= x y 0)
            (- y x))
           ((<= y x 0)
            (min (+ 1 (abs x) (abs y))
                 (+ 2 (- (abs y) (abs x)))))
           ((and (<= x 0 y)
                 (<= (abs x) (abs y)))
            (+ 1 (- (abs y) (abs x))))
           ((and (<= x 0 y)
                 (<= (abs y) (abs x)))
            (+ 1 (- (abs x) (abs y))))
           ((and (<= y 0 x)
                 (<= (abs x) (abs y)))
            (+ 1 (- (abs y) (abs x))))
           ((and (<= y 0 x)
                 (<= (abs y) (abs x)))
            (+ 1 (- (abs x) (abs y))))))))

#-swank (main)

;;;
;;; Test and benchmark
;;;

#+swank
(defun io-equal (in-string out-string &key (function #'main) (test #'equal))
  "Passes IN-STRING to *STANDARD-INPUT*, executes FUNCTION, and returns true if
the string output to *STANDARD-OUTPUT* is equal to OUT-STRING."
  (labels ((ensure-last-lf (s)
             (if (eql (uiop:last-char s) #\Linefeed)
                 s
                 (uiop:strcat s uiop:+lf+))))
    (funcall test
             (ensure-last-lf out-string)
             (with-output-to-string (out)
               (let ((*standard-output* out))
                 (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (ensure-last-lf in-string))
                   (funcall function)))))))

#+swank
(defun get-clipbrd ()
  (with-output-to-string (out)
    ;; (run-program "C:/Windows/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0/powershell.exe" '("get-clipboard") :output out)
    (run-program "powershell.exe" '("-Command" "Get-Clipboard") :output out :search t)))

#+swank (defparameter *this-pathname* (uiop:current-lisp-file-pathname))
#+swank (defparameter *dat-pathname* (uiop:merge-pathnames* "test.dat" *this-pathname*))

#+swank
(defun run (&optional thing (out *standard-output*))
  "THING := null | string | symbol | pathname

null: run #'MAIN using the text on clipboard as input.
string: run #'MAIN using the string as input.
symbol: alias of FIVEAM:RUN!.
pathname: run #'MAIN using the text file as input."
  (let ((*standard-output* out))
    (etypecase thing
      (null
       (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (delete #\Return (get-clipbrd)))
         (main)))
      (string
       (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (delete #\Return thing))
         (main)))
      (symbol (5am:run! thing))
      (pathname
       (with-open-file (*standard-input* thing)
         (main))))))

#+swank
(defun gen-dat ()
  (uiop:with-output-file (out *dat-pathname* :if-exists :supersede)
    (format out "")))

#+swank
(defun bench (&optional (out (make-broadcast-stream)))
  (time (run *dat-pathname* out)))

;; To run: (5am:run! :sample)
#+swank
(it.bese.fiveam:test :sample
  (it.bese.fiveam:is
   (common-lisp-user::io-equal "10 20
"
    "10
"))
  (it.bese.fiveam:is
   (common-lisp-user::io-equal "10 -10
"
    "1
"))
  (it.bese.fiveam:is
   (common-lisp-user::io-equal "-10 -20
"
    "12
")))

Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

Snuke has a calculator. It has a display and two buttons.

Initially, the display shows an integer x.
Snuke wants to change this value into another integer y, by pressing the following two buttons some number of times in arbitrary order:

Button A: When pressed, the value on the display is incremented by 1.

Button B: When pressed, the sign of the value on the display is reversed.

Find the minimum number of times Snuke needs to press the buttons to achieve his objective.
It can be shown that the objective is always achievable regardless of the values of the integers x and y.

Constraints

x and y are integers.

|x|, |y| ≤ 10^9

x and y are different.

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

x y

Output

Print the minimum number of times Snuke needs to press the buttons to achieve his objective.

Sample Input 1

10 20

Sample Output 1

10

Press button A ten times.

Sample Input 2

10 -10

Sample Output 2

1

Press button B once.

Sample Input 3

-10 -20

Sample Output 3

12

Press the buttons as follows:

Press button B once.

Press button A ten times.

Press button B once.


(declaim (optimize (speed 3) (debug 0) (safety 0)))
(let ((x (read))
      (y (read)))
  (format t "~A~%" (+ (abs (- (abs y) (abs x)))
                      (if (< y x)
                        (if (> (* x y) 0) 2 1)
                        (if (and (< x 0) (> y 0)) 1 0)))))


(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
  (sb-int:defconstant-eqx OPT
    #+swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 2))
    #-swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (debug 0))
    #'equal)
  #+swank (ql:quickload '(:cl-debug-print :fiveam) :silent t)
  #-swank (set-dispatch-macro-character
           ;; enclose the form with VALUES to avoid being captured by LOOP macro
           #\# #\> (lambda (s c p) (declare (ignore c p)) `(values ,(read s nil nil t)))))
#+swank (cl-syntax:use-syntax cl-debug-print:debug-print-syntax)
#-swank (disable-debugger) ; for CS Academy

;; BEGIN_INSERTED_CONTENTS
(defmacro dbg (&rest forms)
  #+swank
  (if (= (length forms) 1)
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',(car forms) ,(car forms))
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',forms `(,,@forms)))
  #-swank (declare (ignore forms)))

(defmacro define-int-types (&rest bits)
  `(progn
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "UINT~A" b)) () '(unsigned-byte ,b))) bits)
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "INT~A" b)) () '(signed-byte ,b))) bits)))
(define-int-types 2 4 7 8 15 16 31 32 62 63 64)

(declaim (inline println))
(defun println (obj &optional (stream *standard-output*))
  (let ((*read-default-float-format* 'double-float))
    (prog1 (princ obj stream) (terpri stream))))

(defconstant +mod+ 1000000007)

;;;
;;; Body
;;;

(defun main ()
  (let* ((ai (read))
         (ao (read))
         (at (read))
         (aj (read))
         (al (read))
         (as (read))
         (az (read)))
    (println (max (+ ao
                     (* 2 (ash ai -1))
                     (* 2 (ash aj -1))
                     (* 2 (ash al -1)))
                  (if (and (> ai 0) (> aj 0) (> al 0))
                      0
                      (+ ao
                         (* 2 (ash (- ai 1) -1))
                         (* 2 (ash (- aj 1) -1))
                         (* 2 (ash (- al 1) -1))
                         3))))))

#-swank (main)

;;;
;;; Test and benchmark
;;;

#+swank
(defun io-equal (in-string out-string &key (function #'main) (test #'equal))
  "Passes IN-STRING to *STANDARD-INPUT*, executes FUNCTION, and returns true if
the string output to *STANDARD-OUTPUT* is equal to OUT-STRING."
  (labels ((ensure-last-lf (s)
             (if (eql (uiop:last-char s) #\Linefeed)
                 s
                 (uiop:strcat s uiop:+lf+))))
    (funcall test
             (ensure-last-lf out-string)
             (with-output-to-string (out)
               (let ((*standard-output* out))
                 (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (ensure-last-lf in-string))
                   (funcall function)))))))

#+swank
(defun get-clipbrd ()
  (with-output-to-string (out)
    (run-program "powershell.exe" '("-Command" "Get-Clipboard") :output out :search t)))

#+swank (defparameter *this-pathname* (uiop:current-lisp-file-pathname))
#+swank (defparameter *dat-pathname* (uiop:merge-pathnames* "test.dat" *this-pathname*))

#+swank
(defun run (&optional thing (out *standard-output*))
  "THING := null | string | symbol | pathname

null: run #'MAIN using the text on clipboard as input.
string: run #'MAIN using the string as input.
symbol: alias of FIVEAM:RUN!.
pathname: run #'MAIN using the text file as input."
  (let ((*standard-output* out))
    (etypecase thing
      (null
       (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (delete #\Return (get-clipbrd)))
         (main)))
      (string
       (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (delete #\Return thing))
         (main)))
      (symbol (5am:run! thing))
      (pathname
       (with-open-file (*standard-input* thing)
         (main))))))

#+swank
(defun gen-dat ()
  (uiop:with-output-file (out *dat-pathname* :if-exists :supersede)
    (format out "")))

#+swank
(defun bench (&optional (out (make-broadcast-stream)))
  (time (run *dat-pathname* out)))

;; To run: (5am:run! :sample)
#+swank
(it.bese.fiveam:test :sample
  (it.bese.fiveam:is
   (common-lisp-user::io-equal "2 1 1 0 0 0 0
"
    "3
"))
  (it.bese.fiveam:is
   (common-lisp-user::io-equal "0 0 10 0 0 0 0
"
    "0
")))

Score : 600 points

Problem Statement

A tetromino is a figure formed by joining four squares edge to edge.
We will refer to the following seven kinds of tetromino as I-, O-, T-, J-, L-, S- and Z-tetrominos, respectively:

Snuke has many tetrominos. The number of I-, O-, T-, J-, L-, S- and Z-tetrominos in his possession are a_I, a_O, a_T, a_J, a_L, a_S and a_Z, respectively.
Snuke will join K of his tetrominos to form a rectangle that is two squares tall and 2K squares wide.
Here, the following rules must be followed:

When placing each tetromino, rotation is allowed, but reflection is not.

Each square in the rectangle must be covered by exactly one tetromino.

No part of each tetromino may be outside the rectangle.

Snuke wants to form as large a rectangle as possible.
Find the maximum possible value of K.

Constraints

0≤a_I,a_O,a_T,a_J,a_L,a_S,a_Z≤10^9

a_I+a_O+a_T+a_J+a_L+a_S+a_Z≥1

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

a_I a_O a_T a_J a_L a_S a_Z

Output

Print the maximum possible value of K. If no rectangle can be formed, print 0.

Sample Input 1

2 1 1 0 0 0 0

Sample Output 1

3

One possible way to form the largest rectangle is shown in the following figure:

Sample Input 2

0 0 10 0 0 0 0

Sample Output 2

0

No rectangle can be formed.


;; -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
  (sb-int:defconstant-eqx OPT
    #+swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 2))
    #-swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (debug 0))
    #'equal)
  #+swank (ql:quickload '(:cl-debug-print :fiveam) :silent t)
  #-swank (set-dispatch-macro-character
           #\# #\> (lambda (s c p) (declare (ignore c p)) (read s nil nil t))))
#+swank (cl-syntax:use-syntax cl-debug-print:debug-print-syntax)
#-swank (disable-debugger) ; for CS Academy

;; BEGIN_INSERTED_CONTENTS
(defmacro dbg (&rest forms)
  #+swank
  (if (= (length forms) 1)
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',(car forms) ,(car forms))
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',forms `(,,@forms)))
  #-swank (declare (ignore forms)))

(defmacro define-int-types (&rest bits)
  `(progn
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "UINT~A" b)) () '(unsigned-byte ,b))) bits)
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "INT~A" b)) () '(signed-byte ,b))) bits)))
(define-int-types 2 4 7 8 15 16 31 32 62 63 64)

(declaim (inline println))
(defun println (obj &optional (stream *standard-output*))
  (let ((*read-default-float-format* 'double-float))
    (prog1 (princ obj stream) (terpri stream))))

(defconstant +mod+ 1000000007)

;;;
;;; Body
;;;

(define-condition fin () ())

(defun main ()
  (let* ((ai (read))
         (ao (read))
         (at (read))
         (aj (read))
         (al (read))
         (as (read))
         (az (read))
         (res 0))
    (declare (ignore at as az))
    (incf res (* ao 2))
    (when (or (zerop ai) (zerop aj) (zerop al))
      (incf res (* 2 aj))
      (incf res (* 2 al))
      (incf res (* 2 ai))
      (println (floor res 2))
      (return-from main))
    (if (oddp ai)
        (progn (incf res (* 2 (- ai 1)))
               (setf ai 1))
        (progn (incf res (* 2 (- ai 2)))
               (setf ai 2)))
    (if (oddp aj)
        (progn (incf res (* 2 (- aj 1)))
               (setf aj 1))
        (progn (incf res (* 2 (- aj 2)))
               (setf aj 2)))
    (if (oddp al)
        (progn (incf res (* 2 (- al 1)))
               (setf al 1))
        (progn (incf res (* 2 (- al 2)))
               (setf al 2)))
    (cond ((and (= ai 2) (= aj 2) (= al 2))
           (incf res 12))
          ((and (= ai 2) (= aj 2) (= al 1))
           (incf res 8))
          ((and (= ai 2) (= aj 1) (= al 2))
           (incf res 8))
          ((and (= ai 2) (= aj 1) (= al 1))
           (incf res 6))
          ((and (= ai 1) (= aj 2) (= al 2))
           (incf res 8))
          ((and (= ai 1) (= aj 2) (= al 1))
           (incf res 6))
          ((and (= ai 1) (= aj 1) (= al 2))
           (incf res 6))
          ((and (= ai 1) (= aj 1) (= al 1))
           (incf res 6)))
    (println (floor res 2))))

#-swank (main)

;;;
;;; Test and benchmark
;;;

#+swank
(defun io-equal (in-string out-string &key (function #'main) (test #'equal))
  "Passes IN-STRING to *STANDARD-INPUT*, executes FUNCTION, and returns true if
the string output to *STANDARD-OUTPUT* is equal to OUT-STRING."
  (labels ((ensure-last-lf (s)
             (if (eql (uiop:last-char s) #\Linefeed)
                 s
                 (uiop:strcat s uiop:+lf+))))
    (funcall test
             (ensure-last-lf out-string)
             (with-output-to-string (out)
               (let ((*standard-output* out))
                 (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (ensure-last-lf in-string))
                   (funcall function)))))))

#+swank
(defun get-clipbrd ()
  (with-output-to-string (out)
    (run-program "C:/msys64/usr/bin/cat.exe" '("/dev/clipboard") :output out)))

#+swank (defparameter *this-pathname* (uiop:current-lisp-file-pathname))
#+swank (defparameter *dat-pathname* (uiop:merge-pathnames* "test.dat" *this-pathname*))

#+swank
(defun run (&optional thing (out *standard-output*))
  "THING := null | string | symbol | pathname

null: run #'MAIN using the text on clipboard as input.
string: run #'MAIN using the string as input.
symbol: alias of FIVEAM:RUN!.
pathname: run #'MAIN using the text file as input."
  (let ((*standard-output* out))
    (etypecase thing
      (null
       (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (delete #\Return (get-clipbrd)))
         (main)))
      (string
       (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (delete #\Return thing))
         (main)))
      (symbol (5am:run! thing))
      (pathname
       (with-open-file (*standard-input* thing)
         (main))))))

#+swank
(defun gen-dat ()
  (uiop:with-output-file (out *dat-pathname* :if-exists :supersede)
    (format out "")))

#+swank
(defun bench (&optional (out (make-broadcast-stream)))
  (time (run *dat-pathname* out)))

;; To run: (5am:run! :sample)
#+swank
(it.bese.fiveam:test :sample
  (it.bese.fiveam:is
   (common-lisp-user::io-equal "2 1 1 0 0 0 0
"
    "3
"))
  (it.bese.fiveam:is
   (common-lisp-user::io-equal "0 0 10 0 0 0 0
"
    "0
")))


(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
  (sb-int:defconstant-eqx OPT
    #+swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 2))
    #-swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (debug 0))
    #'equal)
  #+swank (ql:quickload '(:cl-debug-print :fiveam) :silent t)
  #-swank (set-dispatch-macro-character
           ;; enclose the form with VALUES to avoid being captured by LOOP macro
           #\# #\> (lambda (s c p) (declare (ignore c p)) `(values ,(read s nil nil t)))))
#+swank (cl-syntax:use-syntax cl-debug-print:debug-print-syntax)
#-swank (disable-debugger) ; for CS Academy

;; BEGIN_INSERTED_CONTENTS
(declaim (inline println-sequence))
(defun println-sequence (sequence &key (out *standard-output*) (key #'identity))
  (let ((init t))
    (sequence:dosequence (x sequence)
      (if init
          (setq init nil)
          (write-char #\  out))
      (princ (funcall key x) out))
    (terpri out)))

;;;
;;; Binary heap
;;;

(define-condition heap-empty-error (error)
  ((heap :initarg :heap :reader heap-empty-error-heap))
  (:report
   (lambda (condition stream)
     (format stream "Attempted to pop empty heap ~W" (heap-empty-error-heap condition)))))

(defmacro define-binary-heap (name &key (order '#'>) (element-type 'fixnum))
  "Defines a binary heap specialized for the given order and the element
type. This macro defines a structure of the name NAME and relevant functions:
MAKE-<NAME>, <NAME>-PUSH, <NAME>-POP, <NAME>-REINITIALIZE, <NAME>-EMPTY-P,
<NAME>-COUNT, and <NAME>-PEEK."
  (check-type name symbol)
  (let* ((string-name (string name))
         (fname-push (intern (format nil "~A-PUSH" string-name)))
         (fname-pop (intern (format nil "~A-POP" string-name)))
         (fname-reinitialize (intern (format nil "~A-REINITIALIZE" string-name)))
         (fname-empty-p (intern (format nil "~A-EMPTY-P" string-name)))
         (fname-count (intern (format nil "~A-COUNT" string-name)))
         (fname-peek (intern (format nil "~A-PEEK" string-name)))
         (fname-make (intern (format nil "MAKE-~A" string-name)))
         (acc-position (intern (format nil "~A-POSITION" string-name)))
         (acc-data (intern (format nil "~A-DATA" string-name))))
    `(progn
       (locally
           ;; prevent style warnings
           (declare #+sbcl (muffle-conditions style-warning))
         (defstruct (,name
                     (:constructor ,fname-make
                         (size
                          &aux (data ,(if (eql element-type '*)
                                          `(make-array (1+ size))
                                          `(make-array (1+ size) :element-type ',element-type))))))
           (data #() :type (simple-array ,element-type (*)))
           (position 1 :type (integer 1 #.most-positive-fixnum))))

       (declaim #+sbcl (sb-ext:maybe-inline ,fname-push))
       (defun ,fname-push (obj heap)
         "Adds OBJ to the end of HEAP."
         (declare (optimize (speed 3))
                  (type ,name heap))
         (symbol-macrolet ((position (,acc-position heap)))
           (when (>= position (length (,acc-data heap)))
             (setf (,acc-data heap)
                   (adjust-array (,acc-data heap)
                                 (min (- array-total-size-limit 1)
                                      (* position 2)))))
           (let ((data (,acc-data heap)))
             (declare ((simple-array ,element-type (*)) data))
             (labels ((update (pos)
                        (declare (optimize (speed 3) (safety 0)))
                        (unless (= pos 1)
                          (let ((parent-pos (ash pos -1)))
                            (when (funcall ,order (aref data pos) (aref data parent-pos))
                              (rotatef (aref data pos) (aref data parent-pos))
                              (update parent-pos))))))
               (setf (aref data position) obj)
               (update position)
               (incf position)
               heap))))

       (declaim #+sbcl (sb-ext:maybe-inline ,fname-pop))
       (defun ,fname-pop (heap)
         "Removes and returns the element at the top of HEAP."
         (declare (optimize (speed 3))
                  (type ,name heap))
         (symbol-macrolet ((position (,acc-position heap)))
           (let ((data (,acc-data heap)))
             (declare ((simple-array ,element-type (*)) data))
             (labels ((update (pos)
                        (declare (optimize (speed 3) (safety 0))
                                 ((integer 1 #.most-positive-fixnum) pos))
                        (let* ((child-pos1 (+ pos pos))
                               (child-pos2 (1+ child-pos1)))
                          (when (<= child-pos1 position)
                            (if (<= child-pos2 position)
                                (if (funcall ,order (aref data child-pos1) (aref data child-pos2))
                                    (unless (funcall ,order (aref data pos) (aref data child-pos1))
                                      (rotatef (aref data pos) (aref data child-pos1))
                                      (update child-pos1))
                                    (unless (funcall ,order (aref data pos) (aref data child-pos2))
                                      (rotatef (aref data pos) (aref data child-pos2))
                                      (update child-pos2)))
                                (unless (funcall ,order (aref data pos) (aref data child-pos1))
                                  (rotatef (aref data pos) (aref data child-pos1))))))))
               (when (= position 1)
                 (error 'heap-empty-error :heap heap))
               (prog1 (aref data 1)
                 (decf position)
                 (setf (aref data 1) (aref data position))
                 (update 1))))))

       (declaim (inline ,fname-reinitialize))
       (defun ,fname-reinitialize (heap)
         "Makes HEAP empty."
         (setf (,acc-position heap) 1)
         heap)

       (declaim (inline ,fname-empty-p))
       (defun ,fname-empty-p (heap)
         "Returns true iff HEAP is empty."
         (= 1 (,acc-position heap)))

       (declaim (inline ,fname-count))
       (defun ,fname-count (heap)
         "Returns the current number of the elements in HEAP."
         (- (,acc-position heap) 1))

       (declaim (inline ,fname-peek))
       (defun ,fname-peek (heap)
         "Returns the topmost element of HEAP."
         (if (= 1 (,acc-position heap))
             (error 'heap-empty-error :heap heap)
             (aref (,acc-data heap) 1))))))

(define-binary-heap heap
  :order #'<
  :element-type fixnum)

(defmacro dbg (&rest forms)
  #+swank
  (if (= (length forms) 1)
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',(car forms) ,(car forms))
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',forms `(,,@forms)))
  #-swank (declare (ignore forms)))

(defmacro define-int-types (&rest bits)
  `(progn
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "UINT~A" b)) () '(unsigned-byte ,b))) bits)
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "INT~A" b)) () '(signed-byte ,b))) bits)))
(define-int-types 2 4 7 8 15 16 31 32 62 63 64)

(declaim (inline println))
(defun println (obj &optional (stream *standard-output*))
  (let ((*read-default-float-format* 'double-float))
    (prog1 (princ obj stream) (terpri stream))))

(defconstant +mod+ 1000000007)

;;;
;;; Body
;;;

(defun main ()
  (let* ((n (read))
         ;; number . position
         (nodes (make-array n :element-type 'list))
         (as (make-array (* n n) :element-type 'uint32))
         (reserved (make-array (* n n) :element-type 'bit :initial-element 0))
         (que (make-heap (* n n))))
    (dotimes (i n)
      (let ((x (- (read) 1)))
        (setf (aref nodes i) (cons (+ i 1) x)
              (aref reserved x) 1)))
    (setq nodes (sort nodes #'< :key #'cdr))
    (loop for i below (* n n)
          when (zerop (aref reserved i))
          do (heap-push i que))
    (let (rest)
      (loop for (num . pos) across nodes
            do (setf (aref as pos) num)
               (loop repeat (- num 1)
                     for i = (heap-pop que)
                     do (when (> i pos)
                          (write-line "No")
                          (return-from main))
                        (setf (aref as i) num))
               (loop repeat (- n num)
                     do (push num rest)))
      (dolist (num rest)
        (setf (aref as (heap-pop que)) num)))
    (write-line "Yes")
    (println-sequence as)))

#-swank (main)

;;;
;;; Test and benchmark
;;;

#+swank
(defun io-equal (in-string out-string &key (function #'main) (test #'equal))
  "Passes IN-STRING to *STANDARD-INPUT*, executes FUNCTION, and returns true if
the string output to *STANDARD-OUTPUT* is equal to OUT-STRING."
  (labels ((ensure-last-lf (s)
             (if (eql (uiop:last-char s) #\Linefeed)
                 s
                 (uiop:strcat s uiop:+lf+))))
    (funcall test
             (ensure-last-lf out-string)
             (with-output-to-string (out)
               (let ((*standard-output* out))
                 (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (ensure-last-lf in-string))
                   (funcall function)))))))

#+swank
(defun get-clipbrd ()
  (with-output-to-string (out)
    (run-program "powershell.exe" '("-Command" "Get-Clipboard") :output out :search t)))

#+swank (defparameter *this-pathname* (uiop:current-lisp-file-pathname))
#+swank (defparameter *dat-pathname* (uiop:merge-pathnames* "test.dat" *this-pathname*))

#+swank
(defun run (&optional thing (out *standard-output*))
  "THING := null | string | symbol | pathname

null: run #'MAIN using the text on clipboard as input.
string: run #'MAIN using the string as input.
symbol: alias of FIVEAM:RUN!.
pathname: run #'MAIN using the text file as input."
  (let ((*standard-output* out))
    (etypecase thing
      (null
       (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (delete #\Return (get-clipbrd)))
         (main)))
      (string
       (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (delete #\Return thing))
         (main)))
      (symbol (5am:run! thing))
      (pathname
       (with-open-file (*standard-input* thing)
         (main))))))

#+swank
(defun gen-dat ()
  (uiop:with-output-file (out *dat-pathname* :if-exists :supersede)
    (format out "")))

#+swank
(defun bench (&optional (out (make-broadcast-stream)))
  (time (run *dat-pathname* out)))

;; To run: (5am:run! :sample)
#+swank
(it.bese.fiveam:test :sample
  (it.bese.fiveam:is
   (common-lisp-user::io-equal "3
1 5 9
"
    "Yes
1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
"))
  (it.bese.fiveam:is
   (common-lisp-user::io-equal "2
4 1
"
    "No
")))

Score : 800 points

Problem Statement

You are given an integer sequence x of length N.
Determine if there exists an integer sequence a that satisfies all of the following conditions, and if it exists, construct an instance of a.

a is N^2 in length, containing N copies of each of the integers 1, 2, ..., N.

For each 1 ≤ i ≤ N, the i-th occurrence of the integer i from the left in a is the x_i-th element of a from the left.

Constraints

1 ≤ N ≤ 500

1 ≤ x_i ≤ N^2

All x_i are distinct.

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
x_1 x_2 ... x_N

Output

If there does not exist an integer sequence a that satisfies all the conditions, print No.
If there does exist such an sequence a, print Yes in the first line, then print an instance of a in the second line, with spaces inbetween.

Sample Input 1

3
1 5 9

Sample Output 1

Yes
1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3

For example, the second occurrence of the integer 2 from the left in a in the output is the fifth element of a from the left.
Similarly, the condition is satisfied for the integers 1 and 3.

Sample Input 2

2
4 1

Sample Output 2

No


(let* ((n (read))
       (lst (loop :repeat n :collect (read)))
       (m (read))
       (lst-a (loop :repeat m :collect (cons (read) (read)))))
  (mapcar (lambda (cs)
            (let* ((j (copy-list lst)))
              (setf (nth (1- (car cs)) j) (cdr cs))
              (print (reduce #'+ j)))) lst-a))

Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

Joisino is about to compete in the final round of a certain programming competition.
In this contest, there are N problems, numbered 1 through N.
Joisino knows that it takes her T_i seconds to solve problem i(1≦i≦N).

Also, there are M kinds of drinks offered to the contestants, numbered 1 through M.
If Joisino takes drink i(1≦i≦M), her brain will be stimulated and the time it takes for her to solve problem P_i will become X_i seconds.
It does not affect the time to solve the other problems.

A contestant is allowed to take exactly one of the drinks before the start of the contest.
For each drink, Joisino wants to know how many seconds it takes her to solve all the problems if she takes that drink.
Here, assume that the time it takes her to solve all the problems is equal to the sum of the time it takes for her to solve individual problems.
Your task is to write a program to calculate it instead of her.

Constraints

All input values are integers.

1≦N≦100

1≦T_i≦10^5

1≦M≦100

1≦P_i≦N

1≦X_i≦10^5

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
T_1 T_2 ... T_N
M
P_1 X_1
P_2 X_2
:
P_M X_M

Output

For each drink, calculate how many seconds it takes Joisino to solve all the problems if she takes that drink, and print the results, one per line.

Sample Input 1

3
2 1 4
2
1 1
2 3

Sample Output 1

6
9

If Joisino takes drink 1, the time it takes her to solve each problem will be 1, 1 and 4 seconds, respectively, totaling 6 seconds.

If Joisino takes drink 2, the time it takes her to solve each problem will be 2, 3 and 4 seconds, respectively, totaling 9 seconds.

Sample Input 2

5
7 2 3 8 5
3
4 2
1 7
4 13

Sample Output 2

19
25
30


(declaim (inline sum-seq))
(defun sum-vec (vec)
  (loop for x across vec summing x))

(defparameter solve-times
  (concatenate 'vector (loop for i from 1 to (read)
                          collect (read))))

(defparameter total-time
  (sum-vec solve-times))

(defparameter drinks
  (loop for i from 1 to (read)
       collect (cons (read) (read))))

(loop for drink in drinks
   do (progn (prin1 (+ (cdr drink)
                       (- (aref solve-times (1- (car drink))))
                       total-time))
             (terpri)))


(loop repeat (read)
      with w = (read)
      for i = (read-line)
      do (format t "~A~%~A~%" i i))


;; -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
  (defparameter OPT
    #+swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 2))
    #-swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (debug 0)))
  #+swank (ql:quickload '(:cl-debug-print :fiveam))
  #-swank (set-dispatch-macro-character #\# #\> (lambda (s c p) (declare (ignore c p)) (read s nil (values) t))))
#+swank (cl-syntax:use-syntax cl-debug-print:debug-print-syntax)
#-swank (disable-debugger) ; for CS Academy

;; BEGIN_INSERTED_CONTENTS
;; Should we do this with UNWIND-PROTECT?
(defmacro with-buffered-stdout (&body body)
  "Buffers all outputs to *STANDARD-OUTPUT* in BODY and flushes them to
*STANDARD-OUTPUT* after BODY has been done (without error). Note that only
BASE-CHAR is allowed."
  (let ((out (gensym)))
    `(let ((,out (make-string-output-stream :element-type 'base-char)))
       (let ((*standard-output* ,out))
         ,@body)
       (write-string (get-output-stream-string ,out)))))

(declaim (ftype (function * (values fixnum &optional)) read-fixnum))
(defun read-fixnum (&optional (in *standard-input*))
  (declare #.OPT)
  (macrolet ((%read-byte ()
               `(the (unsigned-byte 8)
                     #+swank (char-code (read-char in nil #\Nul))
                     #-swank (sb-impl::ansi-stream-read-byte in nil #.(char-code #\Nul) nil))))
    (let* ((minus nil)
           (result (loop (let ((byte (%read-byte)))
                           (cond ((<= 48 byte 57)
                                  (return (- byte 48)))
                                 ((zerop byte) ; #\Nul
                                  (error "Read EOF or #\Nul."))
                                 ((= byte #.(char-code #\-))
                                  (setf minus t)))))))
      (declare ((integer 0 #.most-positive-fixnum) result))
      (loop
        (let* ((byte (%read-byte)))
          (if (<= 48 byte 57)
              (setq result (+ (- byte 48) (* 10 (the (integer 0 #.(floor most-positive-fixnum 10)) result))))
              (return (if minus (- result) result))))))))

;;;
;;; Disjoint set by Union-Find algorithm
;;;

(defstruct (disjoint-set
            (:constructor make-disjoint-set
                (size &aux (data (make-array size :element-type '(signed-byte 32) :initial-element -1))))
            (:conc-name ds-))
  (data nil :type (simple-array (signed-byte 32) (*))))

(declaim (ftype (function * (values (mod #.array-total-size-limit) &optional)) ds-root))
(defun ds-root (x disjoint-set)
  "Returns the root of X."
  (declare (optimize (speed 3) (safety 0))
           ((mod #.array-total-size-limit) x))
  (let ((data (ds-data disjoint-set)))
    (if (< (aref data x) 0)
        x
        (setf (aref data x)
              (ds-root (aref data x) disjoint-set)))))

(declaim (inline ds-unite!))
(defun ds-unite! (x1 x2 disjoint-set)
  "Destructively unites X1 and X2 and returns true iff X1 and X2 become
connected for the first time."
  (let ((root1 (ds-root x1 disjoint-set))
        (root2 (ds-root x2 disjoint-set)))
    (unless (= root1 root2)
      (let ((data (ds-data disjoint-set)))
        ;; ensure the size of root1 >= the size of root2
        (when (> (aref data root1) (aref data root2))
          (rotatef root1 root2))
        (incf (aref data root1) (aref data root2))
        (setf (aref data root2) root1)))))

(defmacro dbg (&rest forms)
  #+swank
  (if (= (length forms) 1)
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',(car forms) ,(car forms))
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',forms `(,,@forms)))
  #-swank (declare (ignore forms)))

(defmacro define-int-types (&rest bits)
  `(progn
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "UINT~A" b)) () '(unsigned-byte ,b))) bits)
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "INT~A" b)) () '(signed-byte ,b))) bits)))
(define-int-types 2 4 7 8 15 16 31 32 62 63 64)

(declaim (inline println))
(defun println (obj &optional (stream *standard-output*))
  (let ((*read-default-float-format* 'double-float))
    (prog1 (princ obj stream) (terpri stream))))

(defconstant +mod+ 1000000007)

;; Body

(defun main ()
  (declare #.OPT)
  (let* ((n (read))
         (k (read))
         (l (read))
         (road-network (make-disjoint-set n))
         (rail-network (make-disjoint-set n))
         (table (make-hash-table :test #'equal :size n))
         (cities (make-array n :element-type 'cons)))
    (declare (uint32 n k l))
    (dotimes (_ k)
      (let ((p (- (read-fixnum) 1))
            (q (- (read-fixnum) 1)))
        (ds-unite! p q road-network)))
    (dotimes (_ l)
      (let ((r (- (read-fixnum) 1))
            (s (- (read-fixnum) 1)))
        (ds-unite! r s rail-network)))
    (dotimes (i n)
      (let* ((root1 (ds-root i road-network))
             (root2 (ds-root i rail-network))
             (pair (cons root1 root2)))
        (if (gethash pair table)
            (incf (the uint32 (gethash pair table)))
            (setf (gethash pair table) 1))
        (setf (aref cities i) pair)))
    (with-buffered-stdout
      (dotimes (i n)
        (unless (zerop i) (write-char #\ ))
        (write (gethash (aref cities i) table)))
      (terpri))))

#-swank (main)

Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

There are N cities. There are also K roads and L railways, extending between the cities.
The i-th road bidirectionally connects the p_i-th and q_i-th cities, and the i-th railway bidirectionally connects the r_i-th and s_i-th cities.
No two roads connect the same pair of cities. Similarly, no two railways connect the same pair of cities.

We will say city A and B are connected by roads if city B is reachable from city A by traversing some number of roads. Here, any city is considered to be connected to itself by roads.
We will also define connectivity by railways similarly.

For each city, find the number of the cities connected to that city by both roads and railways.

Constraints

2 ≦ N ≦ 2*10^5

1 ≦ K, L≦ 10^5

1 ≦ p_i, q_i, r_i, s_i ≦ N

p_i < q_i

r_i < s_i

When i ≠ j, (p_i, q_i) ≠ (p_j, q_j)

When i ≠ j, (r_i, s_i) ≠ (r_j, s_j)

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N K L
p_1 q_1
:
p_K q_K
r_1 s_1
:
r_L s_L

Output

Print N integers. The i-th of them should represent the number of the cities connected to the i-th city by both roads and railways.

Sample Input 1

4 3 1
1 2
2 3
3 4
2 3

Sample Output 1

1 2 2 1

All the four cities are connected to each other by roads.

By railways, only the second and third cities are connected. Thus, the answers for the cities are 1, 2, 2 and 1, respectively.

Sample Input 2

4 2 2
1 2
2 3
1 4
2 3

Sample Output 2

1 2 2 1

Sample Input 3

7 4 4
1 2
2 3
2 5
6 7
3 5
4 5
3 4
6 7

Sample Output 3

1 1 2 1 2 2 2


(defun main (a b x)
  (let ((min-divisor (+ (truncate a x) 1))
        (max-divisor (+ (truncate b x) 1)))
    (- max-divisor min-divisor)))

(format t "~A~%" (main (read) (read) (read)))

Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

You are given nonnegative integers a and b (a ≤ b), and a positive integer x.
Among the integers between a and b, inclusive, how many are divisible by x?

Constraints

0 ≤ a ≤ b ≤ 10^{18}

1 ≤ x ≤ 10^{18}

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

a b x

Output

Print the number of the integers between a and b, inclusive, that are divisible by x.

Sample Input 1

4 8 2

Sample Output 1

3

There are three integers between 4 and 8, inclusive, that are divisible by 2: 4, 6 and 8.

Sample Input 2

0 5 1

Sample Output 2

6

There are six integers between 0 and 5, inclusive, that are divisible by 1: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.

Sample Input 3

9 9 2

Sample Output 3

0

There are no integer between 9 and 9, inclusive, that is divisible by 2.

Sample Input 4

1 1000000000000000000 3

Sample Output 4

333333333333333333

Watch out for integer overflows.


(let* ((lst (list (read) (read) (read)))
      (ans (ceiling (- (nth 1 lst) (nth 0 lst)) (nth 2 lst))))
  (if (= 0 (mod (nth 0 lst) (nth 2 lst)))
      (princ (1+ ans))
      (princ ans)))


;; -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
  (defparameter OPT
    #+swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 2))
    #-swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (debug 0)))
  #+swank (ql:quickload '(:cl-debug-print :fiveam))
  #-swank (set-dispatch-macro-character #\# #\> (lambda (s c p) (declare (ignore c p)) (read s nil (values) t))))
#+swank (cl-syntax:use-syntax cl-debug-print:debug-print-syntax)
#-swank (disable-debugger) ; for CS Academy

;; BEGIN_INSERTED_CONTENTS
;; unfinished.

(declaim (inline find-argopt))
(defun find-argopt (sequence predicate &key (start 0) end (key #'identity))
  "Returns an index x that satisfies (NOT (FUNCALL PREDICATE SEQUENCE[y]
SEQUENCE[x])) (i.e. SEQUENCE[x] >= SEQUENCE[y]) for all the indices y and
returns SEQUENCE[x] as the second value."
  (declare ((or null (integer 0 #.most-positive-fixnum)) end)
           ((integer 0 #.most-positive-fixnum) start)
           (function predicate)
           (sequence sequence))
  (labels ((invalid-range-error ()
             (error "Can't find optimal value in null interval [~A, ~A) on ~A" start end sequence)))
    (etypecase sequence
      (list
       (let ((sequence (nthcdr start sequence))
             (end (or end most-positive-fixnum)))
         (when (or (null sequence)
                   (>= start end))
           (invalid-range-error))
         (let ((opt-element (car sequence))
               (opt-index start)
               (pos start))
           (dolist (x sequence)
             (when (>= pos end)
               (return-from find-argopt (values opt-index opt-element)))
             (unless (funcall predicate (funcall key opt-element) (funcall key x))
               (setq opt-element x
                     opt-index pos))
             (incf pos))
           (values opt-index opt-element))))
      (vector
       (let ((end (or end (length sequence))))
         (when (or (>= start end)
                   (>= start (length sequence)))
           (invalid-range-error))
         (let ((opt-element (aref sequence start))
               (opt-index start))
           (loop for i from start below end
                 for x = (aref sequence i)
                 do (unless (funcall predicate (funcall key opt-element) (funcall key x))
                      (setq opt-element x
                            opt-index i)))
           (values opt-index opt-element)))))))

(declaim (ftype (function * (values fixnum &optional)) read-fixnum))
(defun read-fixnum (&optional (in *standard-input*))
  (declare #.OPT)
  (macrolet ((%read-byte ()
               `(the (unsigned-byte 8)
                     #+swank (char-code (read-char in nil #\Nul))
                     #-swank (sb-impl::ansi-stream-read-byte in nil #.(char-code #\Nul) nil))))
    (let* ((minus nil)
           (result (loop (let ((byte (%read-byte)))
                           (cond ((<= 48 byte 57)
                                  (return (- byte 48)))
                                 ((zerop byte) ; #\Nul
                                  (error "Read EOF or #\Nul."))
                                 ((= byte #.(char-code #\-))
                                  (setf minus t)))))))
      (declare ((integer 0 #.most-positive-fixnum) result))
      (loop
        (let* ((byte (%read-byte)))
          (if (<= 48 byte 57)
              (setq result (+ (- byte 48) (* 10 (the (integer 0 #.(floor most-positive-fixnum 10)) result))))
              (return (if minus (- result) result))))))))

(defmacro dbg (&rest forms)
  #+swank
  (if (= (length forms) 1)
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',(car forms) ,(car forms))
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',forms `(,,@forms)))
  #-swank (declare (ignore forms)))

(defmacro define-int-types (&rest bits)
  `(progn
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "UINT~A" b)) () '(unsigned-byte ,b))) bits)
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "INT~A" b)) () '(signed-byte ,b))) bits)))
(define-int-types 2 4 7 8 15 16 31 32 62 63 64)

(declaim (inline println))
(defun println (obj &optional (stream *standard-output*))
  (let ((*read-default-float-format* 'double-float))
    (prog1 (princ obj stream) (terpri stream))))

(defconstant +mod+ 1000000007)

;; Body

(defconstant +eps+ 1d-10)

(defun main ()
  (declare #.OPT)
  (let* ((init-x (float (read) 1d0))
         (init-y (float (read) 1d0))
         (goal-x (float (read) 1d0))
         (goal-y (float (read) 1d0))
         (n (read))
         (xs (make-array (+ n 2) :element-type 'double-float))
         (ys (make-array (+ n 2) :element-type 'double-float))
         (rs (make-array (+ n 2) :element-type 'double-float :initial-element 0d0))
         (init n)
         (goal (+ 1 n))
         (q (loop for i below (+ n 2) collect i))
         (dists (make-array (+ n 2) :element-type 'double-float :initial-element most-positive-double-float)))
    (declare ((simple-array double-float (*)) dists)
             (list q)
             (uint16 n))
    (dotimes (i n)
      (setf (aref xs i) (float (read-fixnum) 1d0)
            (aref ys i) (float (read-fixnum) 1d0)
            (aref rs i) (float (read-fixnum) 1d0)))
    (setf (aref xs init) init-x
          (aref ys init) init-y
          (aref xs goal) goal-x
          (aref ys goal) goal-y
          (aref dists init) 0d0)
    (loop until (null q)
          for i = (find-argopt q #'< :key (lambda (v) (aref dists v)))
          for v = (nth i q)
          for x0 = (aref xs v)
          for y0 = (aref ys v)
          for r0 = (aref rs v)
          do (setf q (delete v q :count 1))
             (dotimes (next (+ n 2))
               (let* ((x1 (aref xs next))
                      (y1 (aref ys next))
                      (r1 (aref rs next))
                      (delta (max 0d0 (- (sqrt (+ (expt (- x0 x1) 2)
                                                  (expt (- y0 y1) 2)))
                                         r0 r1))))
                 (when (< (+ (aref dists v) delta +eps+)
                          (aref dists next))
                   (setf (aref dists next)
                         (+ (aref dists v) delta))))))
    (println (aref dists goal))))

#-swank (main)

Score : 600 points

Problem Statement

On the xy-plane, Snuke is going to travel from the point (x_s, y_s) to the point (x_t, y_t).
He can move in arbitrary directions with speed 1.
Here, we will consider him as a point without size.

There are N circular barriers deployed on the plane.
The center and the radius of the i-th barrier are (x_i, y_i) and r_i, respectively.
The barriers may overlap or contain each other.

A point on the plane is exposed to cosmic rays if the point is not within any of the barriers.

Snuke wants to avoid exposure to cosmic rays as much as possible during the travel.
Find the minimum possible duration of time he is exposed to cosmic rays during the travel.

Constraints

All input values are integers.

-10^9 ≤ x_s, y_s, x_t, y_t ≤ 10^9

(x_s, y_s) ≠ (x_t, y_t)

1≤N≤1,000

-10^9 ≤ x_i, y_i ≤ 10^9

1 ≤ r_i ≤ 10^9

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

x_s y_s x_t y_t
N
x_1 y_1 r_1
x_2 y_2 r_2
:
x_N y_N r_N

Output

Print the minimum possible duration of time Snuke is exposed to cosmic rays during the travel.
The output is considered correct if the absolute or relative error is at most 10^{-9}.

Sample Input 1

-2 -2 2 2
1
0 0 1

Sample Output 1

3.6568542495

An optimal route is as follows:

Sample Input 2

-2 0 2 0
2
-1 0 2
1 0 2

Sample Output 2

0.0000000000

An optimal route is as follows:

Sample Input 3

4 -2 -2 4
3
0 0 2
4 0 1
0 4 1

Sample Output 3

4.0000000000

An optimal route is as follows:


;; -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
  (defparameter OPT
    #+swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 2))
    #-swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (debug 0)))
  #+swank (ql:quickload '(:cl-debug-print :fiveam))
  #-swank (set-dispatch-macro-character #\# #\> (lambda (s c p) (declare (ignore c p)) (read s nil (values) t))))
#+swank (cl-syntax:use-syntax cl-debug-print:debug-print-syntax)
#-swank (disable-debugger) ; for CS Academy

;; BEGIN_INSERTED_CONTENTS
;; unfinished.

(declaim (inline find-argopt))
(defun find-argopt (sequence predicate &key (start 0) end (key #'identity))
  "Returns an index x that satisfies (NOT (FUNCALL PREDICATE SEQUENCE[y]
SEQUENCE[x])) (i.e. SEQUENCE[x] >= SEQUENCE[y]) for all the indices y and
returns SEQUENCE[x] as the second value."
  (declare ((or null (integer 0 #.most-positive-fixnum)) end)
           ((integer 0 #.most-positive-fixnum) start)
           (function predicate)
           (sequence sequence))
  (etypecase sequence
    (list
     (let ((end (or end most-positive-fixnum))
           (optimum (funcall key (car sequence)))
           (index 0)
           (pos 0))
       (dolist (x sequence (values index optimum))
         (when (>= pos end)
           (return (values index optimum)))
         (when (>= pos start)
           (unless (funcall predicate optimum (funcall key x))
             (setq optimum (funcall key x)
                   index pos)))
         (incf pos))))
    (vector
     (let ((end (or end (length sequence))))
       (unless (<= start end)
         (error "Can't find optimal value in null interval [~A, ~A)" start end))
       (let ((optimum (funcall key (aref sequence 0)))
             (index 0))
         (dotimes (i (length sequence) (values index optimum))
           (unless (funcall predicate optimum (funcall key (aref sequence i)))
             (setq optimum (aref sequence i)
                   index i))))))))

(declaim (ftype (function * (values fixnum &optional)) read-fixnum))
(defun read-fixnum (&optional (in *standard-input*))
  (declare #.OPT)
  (macrolet ((%read-byte ()
               `(the (unsigned-byte 8)
                     #+swank (char-code (read-char in nil #\Nul))
                     #-swank (sb-impl::ansi-stream-read-byte in nil #.(char-code #\Nul) nil))))
    (let* ((minus nil)
           (result (loop (let ((byte (%read-byte)))
                           (cond ((<= 48 byte 57)
                                  (return (- byte 48)))
                                 ((zerop byte) ; #\Nul
                                  (error "Read EOF or #\Nul."))
                                 ((= byte #.(char-code #\-))
                                  (setf minus t)))))))
      (declare ((integer 0 #.most-positive-fixnum) result))
      (loop
        (let* ((byte (%read-byte)))
          (if (<= 48 byte 57)
              (setq result (+ (- byte 48) (* 10 (the (integer 0 #.(floor most-positive-fixnum 10)) result))))
              (return (if minus (- result) result))))))))

(defmacro dbg (&rest forms)
  #+swank
  (if (= (length forms) 1)
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',(car forms) ,(car forms))
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',forms `(,,@forms)))
  #-swank (declare (ignore forms)))

(defmacro define-int-types (&rest bits)
  `(progn
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "UINT~A" b)) () '(unsigned-byte ,b))) bits)
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "INT~A" b)) () '(signed-byte ,b))) bits)))
(define-int-types 2 4 7 8 15 16 31 32 62 63 64)

(declaim (inline println))
(defun println (obj &optional (stream *standard-output*))
  (let ((*read-default-float-format* 'double-float))
    (prog1 (princ obj stream) (terpri stream))))

(defconstant +mod+ 1000000007)

;; Body

(defconstant +eps+ 1d-10)

(defun main ()
  (declare #.OPT)
  (let* ((init-x (float (read) 1d0))
         (init-y (float (read) 1d0))
         (goal-x (float (read) 1d0))
         (goal-y (float (read) 1d0))
         (n (read))
         (xs (make-array (+ n 2) :element-type 'double-float))
         (ys (make-array (+ n 2) :element-type 'double-float))
         (rs (make-array (+ n 2) :element-type 'double-float :initial-element 0d0))
         (init n)
         (goal (+ 1 n))
         (q (loop for i below (+ n 2) collect i))
         (dists (make-array (+ n 2) :element-type 'double-float :initial-element most-positive-double-float)))
    (declare ((simple-array double-float (*)) dists)
             (list q)
             (uint16 n))
    (dotimes (i n)
      (setf (aref xs i) (float (read-fixnum) 1d0)
            (aref ys i) (float (read-fixnum) 1d0)
            (aref rs i) (float (read-fixnum) 1d0)))
    (setf (aref xs init) init-x
          (aref ys init) init-y
          (aref xs goal) goal-x
          (aref ys goal) goal-y
          (aref dists init) 0d0)
    (loop until (null q)
          for i = (find-argopt q #'< :key (lambda (v) (aref dists v)))
          for v = (nth i q)
          for x0 = (aref xs v)
          for y0 = (aref ys v)
          for r0 = (aref rs v)
          do (setf q (delete v q :count 1))
             (dotimes (next (+ n 2))
               (let* ((x1 (aref xs next))
                      (y1 (aref ys next))
                      (r1 (aref rs next))
                      (delta (max 0d0 (- (sqrt (+ (expt (- x0 x1) 2)
                                                  (expt (- y0 y1) 2)))
                                         r0 r1))))
                 (when (< (+ (aref dists v) delta +eps+)
                          (aref dists next))
                   (setf (aref dists next)
                         (+ (aref dists v) delta))))))
    (println (aref dists goal))))

#-swank (main)


;; -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
  (defparameter OPT
    #+swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 2))
    #-swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (debug 0)))
  #+swank (ql:quickload '(:cl-debug-print :fiveam))
  #-swank (set-dispatch-macro-character #\# #\> (lambda (s c p) (declare (ignore c p)) (read s nil (values) t))))
#+swank (cl-syntax:use-syntax cl-debug-print:debug-print-syntax)
#-swank (disable-debugger) ; for CS Academy

;; BEGIN_INSERTED_CONTENTS
;; unfinished.

(declaim (inline find-argopt))
(defun find-argopt (sequence predicate &key (start 0) end (key #'identity))
  "Returns an index x that satisfies (NOT (FUNCALL PREDICATE SEQUENCE[y]
SEQUENCE[x])) (i.e. SEQUENCE[x] >= SEQUENCE[y]) for all the indices y and
returns SEQUENCE[x] as the second value."
  (declare ((or null (integer 0 #.most-positive-fixnum)) end)
           ((integer 0 #.most-positive-fixnum) start)
           (function predicate)
           (sequence sequence))
  (etypecase sequence
    (list
     (let ((end (or end most-positive-fixnum))
           (optimum (funcall key (car sequence)))
           (index 0)
           (pos 0))
       (dolist (x sequence (values index optimum))
         (when (>= pos end)
           (return (values index optimum)))
         (when (>= pos start)
           (unless (funcall predicate optimum (funcall key x))
             (setq optimum (funcall key x)
                   index pos)))
         (incf pos))))
    (vector
     (let ((end (or end (length sequence))))
       (unless (<= start end)
         (error "Can't find optimal value in null interval [~A, ~A)" start end))
       (let ((optimum (funcall key (aref sequence 0)))
             (index 0))
         (dotimes (i (length sequence) (values index optimum))
           (unless (funcall predicate optimum (funcall key (aref sequence i)))
             (setq optimum (aref sequence i)
                   index i))))))))

(declaim (ftype (function * (values fixnum &optional)) read-fixnum))
(defun read-fixnum (&optional (in *standard-input*))
  (macrolet ((%read-byte ()
               `(the (unsigned-byte 8)
                     #+swank (char-code (read-char in nil #\Nul))
                     #-swank (sb-impl::ansi-stream-read-byte in nil #.(char-code #\Nul) nil))))
    (let* ((minus nil)
           (result (loop (let ((byte (%read-byte)))
                           (cond ((<= 48 byte 57)
                                  (return (- byte 48)))
                                 ((zerop byte) ; #\Nul
                                  (error "Read EOF or #\Nul."))
                                 ((= byte #.(char-code #\-))
                                  (setf minus t)))))))
      (declare ((integer 0 #.most-positive-fixnum) result))
      (loop
        (let* ((byte (%read-byte)))
          (if (<= 48 byte 57)
              (setq result (+ (- byte 48) (* 10 (the (integer 0 #.(floor most-positive-fixnum 10)) result))))
              (return (if minus (- result) result))))))))

(defmacro dbg (&rest forms)
  #+swank
  (if (= (length forms) 1)
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',(car forms) ,(car forms))
      `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',forms `(,,@forms)))
  #-swank (declare (ignore forms)))

(defmacro define-int-types (&rest bits)
  `(progn
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "UINT~A" b)) () '(unsigned-byte ,b))) bits)
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "INT~A" b)) () '(signed-byte ,b))) bits)))
(define-int-types 2 4 7 8 15 16 31 32 62 63 64)

(declaim (inline println))
(defun println (obj &optional (stream *standard-output*))
  (let ((*read-default-float-format* 'double-float))
    (prog1 (princ obj stream) (terpri stream))))

(defconstant +mod+ 1000000007)

;; Body

(defconstant +eps+ 1d-10)

(defun main ()
  (let* ((init-x (float (read) 1d0))
         (init-y (float (read) 1d0))
         (goal-x (float (read) 1d0))
         (goal-y (float (read) 1d0))
         (n (read))
         (xs (make-array (+ n 2) :element-type 'double-float))
         (ys (make-array (+ n 2) :element-type 'double-float))
         (rs (make-array (+ n 2) :element-type 'double-float :initial-element 0d0))
         (init n)
         (goal (+ 1 n))
         (q (loop for i below (+ n 2) collect i))
         (dists (make-array (+ n 2) :element-type 'double-float :initial-element most-positive-double-float)))
    (declare ((simple-array double-float (*)) dists)
             (list q)
             (uint16 n))
    (dotimes (i n)
      (setf (aref xs i) (float (read-fixnum) 1d0)
            (aref ys i) (float (read-fixnum) 1d0)
            (aref rs i) (float (read-fixnum) 1d0)))
    (setf (aref xs init) init-x
          (aref ys init) init-y
          (aref xs goal) goal-x
          (aref ys goal) goal-y
          (aref dists init) 0d0)
    (loop until (null q)
          for i = (find-argopt q #'< :key (lambda (v) (aref dists v)))
          for v = (nth i q)
          for x0 = (aref xs v)
          for y0 = (aref ys v)
          for r0 = (aref rs v)
          do (setf q (delete v q :count 1))
             (dotimes (next (+ n 2))
               (let* ((x1 (aref xs next))
                      (y1 (aref ys next))
                      (r1 (aref rs next))
                      (delta (max 0d0 (- (sqrt (+ (expt (- x0 x1) 2)
                                                  (expt (- y0 y1) 2)))
                                         r0 r1))))
                 (when (< (+ (aref dists v) delta +eps+)
                          (aref dists next))
                   (setf (aref dists next)
                         (+ (aref dists v) delta))))))
    (println (aref dists goal))))

#-swank (main)


(declaim (optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (debug 0))
	 (inline sqr dist))

(defun sqr (x) (* x x))

(defun dist (m n)
  (destructuring-bind (x1 y1 r1) m
    (destructuring-bind (x2 y2 r2) n
      (max 0 (- (sqrt (coerce (+ (sqr (- x1 x2)) (sqr (- y1 y2)))
			      'double-float)) r1 r2)))))

(defun main ()
  (let ((nodes `((,(read) ,(read) 0) (,(read) ,(read) 0)))
	(n (read)))
    (dotimes (_ n) (push `(,(read) ,(read) ,(read)) nodes))
    (setf nodes (nreverse nodes))

    (let* ((s (+ n 2))
	   (table (make-array (list s s) :initial-element 0)))
      (loop for i from 0
	 for x in nodes
	 do (loop for j from 0
	       for y in nodes
	       unless (= i j)
	       do (setf (aref table i j) (dist y x))))
      (dotimes (k s)
	(dotimes (i s)
	  (dotimes (j s)
	    (let ((cand (+ (aref table i k)
			   (aref table k j))))
	      (when (> (aref table i j) cand)
		(setf (aref table i j)
		      cand))))))
      (format t "~,10f~%" (aref table 0 1)))))

(main)