id stringlengths 3 4 | context stringlengths 2.88k 70.8k | answers dict | question stringlengths 11 194 |
|---|---|---|---|
4123 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
292
],
"text": [
"a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no less, between broadening strides in fundamental biomedical research and their incommensurate reach into the clinic. "
]
} | What growing dysjunction has been witnessed? |
4124 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
502
],
"text": [
" recent changes in the structure of government funding, 2 new public and private joint ventures and specialist undergraduate and postgraduate courses"
]
} | What is aiming to incorporate pathways to translation at the earliest stages? |
4125 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
842
],
"text": [
"exponentially, up 1800%"
]
} | How much have the number of biomedical research publications targeting 'translational' concepts has increased ? |
4126 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
2042
],
"text": [
"by creatively leveraging the so-called 'strengths' of viruses. Viral RNA polymerisation and reverse transcription enable resistance to treatment by conferring extraordinary genetic diversity. "
]
} | What ways to solve the issues are outlined? |
4127 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
2302
],
"text": [
" by strongly limiting virus genome sizes and their incorporation of new information. "
]
} | How do these exact processes ultimately restrict viral infectivity? |
4128 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
2424
],
"text": [
"'information economy paradox'."
]
} | What does the author coin this evolutionary dilemma as? |
4129 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
2492
],
"text": [
"by manipulating multifunctional or multitasking host cell proteins (MMHPs), thereby maximising host subversion and viral infectivity at minimal informational cost."
]
} | How do many viruses resolve this ? |
4130 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
2725
],
"text": [
" via host-oriented therapies to impose devastating informational and fitness barriers on escape mutant selection."
]
} | How may this "Achilles Heel" be safely targeted? |
4131 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
2852
],
"text": [
"since MMHPs are often conserved targets within and between virus families,"
]
} | Why may MMHP-targeting therapies exhibit both robust and broadspectrum antiviral efficacy? |
4132 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
3058
],
"text": [
" break the vicious cycle of escalating therapeutic development costs and trivial escape mutant selection, both quickly and in multiple places. "
]
} | What will achieving this through drug repurposing do? |
4133 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
3215
],
"text": [
" alternative posttranslational and RNA-based antiviral approaches, designer vaccines, immunotherapy and the emerging field of neo-virology."
]
} | What are also discussed by the author? |
4134 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
3429
],
"text": [
" will enable the tapping of useful new biological functions and processes, methods for controlling infection, and the deployment of symbiotic or subclinical viruses in new therapies and biotechnologies that are so crucially needed."
]
} | What does the author anticipate international efforts will do? |
4138 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
3688
],
"text": [
"stimulate expression of numerous host inflammatory factors that support recruitment and activation of immune cells. "
]
} | What do pathogens do upon infection? |
4139 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
3822
],
"text": [
"this same process also causes immunopathology when prolonged or deregulated."
]
} | What is the flip side ? |
4140 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
4022
],
"text": [
"post-transcriptionally control expression of crucial inflammatory factors in various tissues and their potential therapeutic applications"
]
} | What do RBPs do? |
4141 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
4182
],
"text": [
"tristetraprolin and AUF1"
]
} | What is included in RBPs? |
4142 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
4214
],
"text": [
"promote degradation of AU-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNA"
]
} | What do tristetraprolin and AUF1, do? |
4143 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
4276
],
"text": [
"members of the Roquin and Regnase families"
]
} | What do RBPs include? |
4144 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
4339
],
"text": [
"promote or effect degradation of mRNAs harbouring stem-loop structures"
]
} | What domembers of the Roquin and Regnase families do? |
4145 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
4453
],
"text": [
"RNA methylation machinery"
]
} | What do the RBPs include? |
4146 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
4479
],
"text": [
"in controlling inflammatory mRNA stability."
]
} | What is the increasingly apparent role of RNA methylation machinery ? |
4147 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
4550
],
"text": [
" in various subcellular compartments "
]
} | Where do these activities take place? |
4148 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
4591
],
"text": [
"are differentially regulated"
]
} | What happens to these activities during infection? |
4149 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
4686
],
"text": [
"a 'brake' on the immune system"
]
} | In this way, what do the mRNA-destabilising RBPs constitute ? |
4150 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
4724
],
"text": [
"may ultimately be toggled therapeutically"
]
} | What can be done with the 'brake' on the immune system? |
4151 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
5011
],
"text": [
"Another mRNA under post-transcriptional regulation by Regnase-1 and Roquin"
]
} | What does the author anticipate that continued efforts will lead to? |
4152 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
5088
],
"text": [
" Furin"
]
} | What is another mRNA under post-transcriptional regulation by Regnase-1 and Roquin? |
4153 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
5110
],
"text": [
"a conserved proprotein convertase crucial in human health and disease."
]
} | What does Furin encode? |
4154 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
5246
],
"text": [
" in immune regulation, cancer and the entry, maturation or release of a broad array of evolutionarily diverse viruses including human papillomavirus (HPV), influenza (IAV), Ebola (EboV), dengue (DenV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)"
]
} | What are Furin, along with other PCSK family members implicated in? |
4155 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
5516
],
"text": [
" the roles of furin in these processes, as well as the history and future of furin-targeting therapeutics."
]
} | What do Braun and Sauter review? |
4156 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
5671
],
"text": [
"how two IFN-cinducible factors exhibit broad-spectrum inhibition of IAV, measles (MV), zika (ZikV) and HIV by suppressing furin activity."
]
} | What dis their recent work reveal? |
4157 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
6119
],
"text": [
" a recent boom in metagenomics and the cataloguing of the microbiome of our world."
]
} | What has the increasing abundance of affordable, sensitive, high-throughput genome sequencing technologies led to? |
4160 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
6678
],
"text": [
" to directly sequence an RNA virus genome (IAV)"
]
} | What was this system used for the first time for? |
4161 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
7152
],
"text": [
"a near-complete picture of the main armaments in the human antiviral arsenal. "
]
} | What have decades of basic immunology research provided ? |
4162 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
7307
],
"text": [
"examination of the types and roles of viruses and antiviral defences that exist throughout our biosphere."
]
} | What has this focus on mammalian defences and pathologies sidelined? |
4163 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
7513
],
"text": [
"as a revolutionary gene-editing biotechnology in plants and animals."
]
} | What has CRISPR/Cas antiviral immune system of prokaryotes been repurposed as? |
4164 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
7596
],
"text": [
"the ancient lineage of nucleocytosolic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs)"
]
} | What is another case in point? |
4165 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
7673
],
"text": [
"emerging human pathogens that possess enormous genomes of up to several megabases in size encoding hundreds of proteins with unique and unknown functions."
]
} | What are the ancient lineage of NCLDVs?
|
4166 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
7949
],
"text": [
" the true number may be in the millions and many harbour zoonotic potential. "
]
} | What do the recent efforts indicate regarding hundreds of human and avian infectious viruses? |
4167 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
8235
],
"text": [
" an emerging field engaged in cataloguing and characterising this biodiversity through a global consortium."
]
} | What is neo-virology? |
4168 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
8382
],
"text": [
"a vast wealth of currently unexplored biodiversity, leading to biotechnologies and treatments that leverage the host-virus interactions developed throughout evolution."
]
} | What is predicted these efforts on neo-virology will unlock? |
4169 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
8965
],
"text": [
"Supporting industry-academia collaboration and nurturing talent and skills in the Indo-Pacific region"
]
} | What are the two of the four pillars of the National Innovation and Science Agenda? |
4170 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
9226
],
"text": [
"antimicrobial resistance, global health and health security, drug repurposing and translational research infrastructure,"
]
} | What do Australia's Medical Research and Innovation Priorities include? |
4171 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
9414
],
"text": [
"Establishing durable international relationships that integrate diverse expertise"
]
} | What is essential for these priority outcomes? |
4172 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | {
"answer_start": [
9774
],
"text": [
"translating the biomedical research output of that country."
]
} | What is the Japan AMED tasked with? |
1935 | Vesicular stomatitis virus with the rabies virus glycoprotein directs retrograde transsynaptic transport among neurons in vivo
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3566411/
SHA: ee48061797d29eeef5a9e606841bf8ab04b1d75b
Authors: Beier, Kevin T.; Saunders, Arpiar B.; Oldenburg, Ian A.; Sabatini, Bernardo L.; C... | {
"answer_start": [
2185
],
"text": [
"Pseudorabies (PRV) and Rabies viruses (RABV)"
]
} | What virus are used by the most successful neuronal circuit tracing methods? |
1936 | Vesicular stomatitis virus with the rabies virus glycoprotein directs retrograde transsynaptic transport among neurons in vivo
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3566411/
SHA: ee48061797d29eeef5a9e606841bf8ab04b1d75b
Authors: Beier, Kevin T.; Saunders, Arpiar B.; Oldenburg, Ian A.; Sabatini, Bernardo L.; C... | {
"answer_start": [
3221
],
"text": [
"anterograde"
]
} | In what direction does the Vesicular stomatitis virus spread through the nervous system? |
1937 | Vesicular stomatitis virus with the rabies virus glycoprotein directs retrograde transsynaptic transport among neurons in vivo
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3566411/
SHA: ee48061797d29eeef5a9e606841bf8ab04b1d75b
Authors: Beier, Kevin T.; Saunders, Arpiar B.; Oldenburg, Ian A.; Sabatini, Bernardo L.; C... | {
"answer_start": [
3603
],
"text": [
"method of delivery of the G gene"
]
} | What determines the whether the spread of Vesicular stomatitis virus is monosynaptic or polysynaptic? |
1938 | Vesicular stomatitis virus with the rabies virus glycoprotein directs retrograde transsynaptic transport among neurons in vivo
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3566411/
SHA: ee48061797d29eeef5a9e606841bf8ab04b1d75b
Authors: Beier, Kevin T.; Saunders, Arpiar B.; Oldenburg, Ian A.; Sabatini, Bernardo L.; C... | {
"answer_start": [
31209
],
"text": [
"rVSV vectors"
]
} | What types of viruses can be used to study the connectivity of neuronal circuitry? |
1219 | Identification of COVID-19 Can be Quicker through Artificial Intelligence framework using a Mobile Phone-Based Survey in the Populations when Cities/Towns Are Under Quarantine
https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.61
SHA: 83c96f2a481be06a5c58552cbad2ca67ce789dc2
Authors: Vazquez, Arni S.R. Srinivasa Rao; Jose A.
Date: 20... | {
"answer_start": [
974
],
"text": [
"December 2019"
]
} | When was the novel Coronavirus first reported? |
5247 | Which Kind of Provider’s Operation Volumes Matters? Associations between CABG Surgical Site Infection Risk and Hospital and Surgeon Operation Volumes among Medical Centers in Taiwan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459823/
SHA: f3cbc0503581249a834895fc94cd3bae24714a0d
Authors: Yu, Tsung-Hsien; Tung, Yu-... | {
"answer_start": [
793
],
"text": [
"to examine whether a relationship exists between operation volumes and SSIs"
]
} | What is the purpose of this research study? |
5248 | Which Kind of Provider’s Operation Volumes Matters? Associations between CABG Surgical Site Infection Risk and Hospital and Surgeon Operation Volumes among Medical Centers in Taiwan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459823/
SHA: f3cbc0503581249a834895fc94cd3bae24714a0d
Authors: Yu, Tsung-Hsien; Tung, Yu-... | {
"answer_start": [
2903
],
"text": [
"The total length of stay and expenditure for patients with SSIs after CABG surgery is significantly longer and higher than those without SSIs"
]
} | Why are SSIs important to the overall burden on the healthcare system? |
5249 | Which Kind of Provider’s Operation Volumes Matters? Associations between CABG Surgical Site Infection Risk and Hospital and Surgeon Operation Volumes among Medical Centers in Taiwan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459823/
SHA: f3cbc0503581249a834895fc94cd3bae24714a0d
Authors: Yu, Tsung-Hsien; Tung, Yu-... | {
"answer_start": [
3176
],
"text": [
"hospitals would no longer receive higher payments for the additional costs associated with treating patients for certain healthcare-acquired infections"
]
} | What is the "Never Event" policy? |
5250 | Which Kind of Provider’s Operation Volumes Matters? Associations between CABG Surgical Site Infection Risk and Hospital and Surgeon Operation Volumes among Medical Centers in Taiwan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459823/
SHA: f3cbc0503581249a834895fc94cd3bae24714a0d
Authors: Yu, Tsung-Hsien; Tung, Yu-... | {
"answer_start": [
9132
],
"text": [
"19"
]
} | Patients from how many medical centers were studied? |
5251 | Which Kind of Provider’s Operation Volumes Matters? Associations between CABG Surgical Site Infection Risk and Hospital and Surgeon Operation Volumes among Medical Centers in Taiwan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459823/
SHA: f3cbc0503581249a834895fc94cd3bae24714a0d
Authors: Yu, Tsung-Hsien; Tung, Yu-... | {
"answer_start": [
9250
],
"text": [
"CABG patients under the age of 18 years or over 85 years"
]
} | Which patients were excluded from the study? |
259 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | {
"answer_start": [
1998
],
"text": [
"During the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic, between 21 and 25 million people died of influenza worldwide."
]
} | Approximately how many people died during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic? |
286 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | {
"answer_start": [
1637
],
"text": [
"Malnutrition weakened the human immune system and made a person more vulnerable to infectious diseases like tuberculosis and influenza, therefore, hunger and malnutrition were indirectly responsible for millions of deaths in the world in that period of time."
]
} | What social and economic factors contributed to the large fatality rate in the 1918 influenza pandemic? |
291 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | {
"answer_start": [
3392
],
"text": [
" in 1918 and 1919, physicians and nurses almost had nothing in their hands to help individuals who were infected by influenza viruses. T"
]
} | What problems were faced by medical staff during the 1918 epidemic? |
295 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | {
"answer_start": [
3526
],
"text": [
" Today, although we still do not have very effective, powerful, and practical anti-influenza drugs available, we at least have some improved, useful, and helpful anti-viral drugs like zanamivir, and effective, convenient anti-cold medicines like Tylenol or Advil."
... | What helpful drugs are available now to control the disease or to provide palliative care for influenza patients? |
297 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | {
"answer_start": [
3966
],
"text": [
" in the United States of America, the influenza classed mortality rate declined from 10.2/100,000 in the 1940s to 0.56/100,000 in the 1990s; and the classed mortality rates of 1957-1958 and 1968-1969 influenza pandemics were not remarkably different from the non-pand... | How has the mortality rate due to influenza declined in USA over past decades? |
299 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | {
"answer_start": [
3790
],
"text": [
"We do not have a universal vaccine to prevent all influenza virus infections, but we can make effective vaccines to a specific influenza virus strain in a short time."
]
} | Is there an Influenza vaccine? |
300 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | {
"answer_start": [
5087
],
"text": [
"that most cases of H1N1 influenza A virus infections were mild, the symptomatic case fatality rate was only 0.005% in New Zealand (16) ; and in New York City, the case fatality rate was 0.0094-0.0147% for persons ≥65 years old, and for those of 0-17 years old, the ca... | for the 2009 influenza pandemic, what were the case fatality rates? |
301 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | {
"answer_start": [
9615
],
"text": [
"Nowadays, we travel faster, and we travel more frequently and globally, and we have more complicated social activities and lifestyles, thereby increasing the chances of viral mutation; and we realize that influenza viruses are even easier to reassort, recombine, and ... | What factors would contribute now to the faster rates of influenza infections? |
302 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | {
"answer_start": [
10047
],
"text": [
" influenza virus infections are controllable and preventable, with the increased population health and immunity, with the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System, and with standard/routine epidemiological practices, and with new effective anti-viral ag... | What factors would be responsible in future for the prevention of an Influenza pandemic? |
303 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | {
"answer_start": [
9523
],
"text": [
" the detected 32.14% (45/140, one case from Taiwan, and one case from Hong Kong) (22, 23).\n"
]
} | What was the detected fatality rate of H7N9 Avian flu? |
304 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | {
"answer_start": [
9149
],
"text": [
"most people usually think a common cold is a very common and normal occurrence, and they don't take flu-like illnesses seriously. In most situations, they would just stay home and take some medicines. Only those who have very severe flu-like symptoms would see doctor... | Why would real case fatality rate for the H7N9 be lower than detected rate? |
244 | Identifying Locations with Possible Undetected Imported Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Cases by Using Importation Predictions,
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/7/20-0250_article
Volume 26, Number 7—July 2020
Research
Pablo Martinez De Salazar1Comments to Author , René Niehus, Aimee Taylor1, Caroli... | {
"answer_start": [
524
],
"text": [
"severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 "
]
} | What is the acronym SARS-CoV-2? |
245 | Identifying Locations with Possible Undetected Imported Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Cases by Using Importation Predictions,
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/7/20-0250_article
Volume 26, Number 7—July 2020
Research
Pablo Martinez De Salazar1Comments to Author , René Niehus, Aimee Taylor1, Caroli... | {
"answer_start": [
1428
],
"text": [
"December 2019"
]
} | When was SARS-CoV-2 first identified? |
246 | Identifying Locations with Possible Undetected Imported Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Cases by Using Importation Predictions,
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/7/20-0250_article
Volume 26, Number 7—July 2020
Research
Pablo Martinez De Salazar1Comments to Author , René Niehus, Aimee Taylor1, Caroli... | {
"answer_start": [
1457
],
"text": [
"Wuhan, capital of Hubei Province, China"
]
} | Where was SARS-CoV-2 first identified? |
247 | Identifying Locations with Possible Undetected Imported Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Cases by Using Importation Predictions,
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/7/20-0250_article
Volume 26, Number 7—July 2020
Research
Pablo Martinez De Salazar1Comments to Author , René Niehus, Aimee Taylor1, Caroli... | {
"answer_start": [
11044
],
"text": [
"daily air travel volume"
]
} | What factor positively correlates with imported-and-reported cases counts of SARS-CoV-2 infection? |
272 | Identifying Locations with Possible Undetected Imported Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Cases by Using Importation Predictions,
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/7/20-0250_article
Volume 26, Number 7—July 2020
Research
Pablo Martinez De Salazar1Comments to Author , René Niehus, Aimee Taylor1, Caroli... | {
"answer_start": [
1747
],
"text": [
"≈6 days"
]
} | What is the doubling time of the COVID-19 pandemic? |
4101 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
4410
],
"text": [
"as a sudden onset of fever more than 38 degrees Celsius and cough, associated or not with other symptoms such as breathing difficulty, headache, etc. "
]
} | How was ILI defined? |
4104 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
5499
],
"text": [
"on the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) technology."
]
} | What is this assay based on? |
4102 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
5057
],
"text": [
" with Excel 1 using the anonymized surveillance database of the Cire OI. The sampling frame contained identification number of swab assigned by Cire OI, laboratory identification number, sex, age, date of onset of symptoms, date of swab collection and result of influ... | How was random sampling performed? |
4103 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
5345
],
"text": [
" Respifinder 1 Smart 22 kits a multiplex RT-PCR (PathoFinder, Maastricht, The Netherlands) which can detect 22 respiratory pathogens. "
]
} | What used to detect pathogens? |
4033 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
666
],
"text": [
"nasal swabs collected by sentinel GPs from ILI patients in 2011 and 2012."
]
} | What does the retrospective study use? |
4034 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
751
],
"text": [
"250 "
]
} | How many swabs were randomly selected and analyzed? |
4035 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
796
],
"text": [
" by multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) including research of 18 viruses and 4 bacteria."
]
} | How were the swabs analyzed? |
4037 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
928
],
"text": [
"respiratory viruses in 169/222 (76.1%) samples, mostly rhinovirus (23.4%), influenza A virus (21.2%), influenza B virus (12.6%), coronavirus (4.9%) and Human metapneumovirus (3.6%). "
]
} | What viruses were detected? |
4038 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
1110
],
"text": [
"Nine swabs (5.3% of positive swabs) revealed co-infections with two viruses identified, among which six concerned co-infections with influenza viruses."
]
} | What co-infections were found? |
4039 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
1284
],
"text": [
"seasonal differences, with circulation of Human Metapneumoviruses, RSV A and B and coronavirus only during summer; whereas parainfluenza viruses were identified only during winter."
]
} | What seasonal differences were found? |
4040 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
1501
],
"text": [
" a substantial circulation of multiple respiratory pathogens in Réunion Island throughout the year. I"
]
} | What does the study highlight? |
4041 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
1610
],
"text": [
"that ILI are not only attributable to influenza and underlines the need for biological surveillance. As the use of multiplex RT-PCR showed its efficacy, it is now used routinely in the surveillance of ILI."
]
} | What does the study show? |
4042 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
1966
],
"text": [
"Influenza viruses, Respiratory Syncytial viruses (RSV) and Parainfluenza viruses"
]
} | Which are identified as major viruses mostly responsible for ILI and pneumonia in several studies? |
4087 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
2294
],
"text": [
"less than 50%"
]
} | What percentage of these infections are identified? |
4088 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
2330
],
"text": [
" a French overseas territory"
]
} | What is Reunion Island? |
4089 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
2363
],
"text": [
" 850,000"
]
} | What is the number of inhabitants of Reunion Island? |
4090 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
2397
],
"text": [
"n the southern hemisphere between Madagascar and Mauritius in the Indian Ocean (Latitude: 21°05.2920 S Longitude: 55°36.4380 E.)"
]
} | Where is Reunion Island located? |
4091 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
2579
],
"text": [
" to mainland France and epidemiological surveillance has been developed by the regional office of the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (Cire OI), based on the surveillance system of mainland France"
]
} | What is the island's health care system similar to? |
4092 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
2836
],
"text": [
" during austral winter, corresponding to summer in Europe"
]
} | When does influenza activity increase? |
4093 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
2971
],
"text": [
"April "
]
} | When does the influenza vaccination campaign in Reunion Island start? |
4094 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
3162
],
"text": [
"a sentinel practitioner's network"
]
} | What is the clinical and biological influenza surveillance has been based on? |
4095 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
3240
],
"text": [
"58 general practitioners (GPs) spread over the island and represented around 7% of all Réunion Island GPs."
]
} | What is this network composed of? |
4096 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
3346
],
"text": [
" Nasal swabs are randomly collected all along the year and are tested by RT-PCR for influenza viruses"
]
} | How are the influenza tests carried out? |
4097 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
3512
],
"text": [
" for influenza A virus, A(H1N1)pdm09 or B virus"
]
} | What do 40-50% of the samples test positive for? |
4098 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
3683
],
"text": [
"are of unknown etiology"
]
} | What are the ILI samples wich test negative for influence? |
4099 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
3806
],
"text": [
", multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) "
]
} | What tool has been developed to identify several viruses simultaneously? |
4100 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
4116
],
"text": [
"to characterize respiratory pathogens responsible for ILI consultations in sentinel GPs in 2011 and 2012. Secondary objectives were to highlight seasonal trends on respiratory pathogens circulation and to describe occurrence of co-infections, especially during the fl... | What are the objectives of the study? |
4105 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
5642
],
"text": [
"on the epgradient Mastercycler 1 (Eppendorf) and the hybridization, ligation and detection steps on the LightCycler 1 480 system (Roche Applied Science)."
]
} | On which system the reverse transcription and preamplification steps were performed? |
4106 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | {
"answer_start": [
6299
],
"text": [
"winter season during weeks 23 to 39 between June and September and summer season during the rest of the year."
]
} | Which two seasons were identified for trends in virus circulation?? |
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