Geographic distribution of HIV-1 subtypes, Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs), and Unique Recombinant Forms (URFs) in Africa, 2015–2020 [ 18 ]


Primary syphilis on a tongue


Chancre on a penis due to primary syphilis, 1978


Typical presentation of secondary syphilis with a rash on the palms of the hands, 1967


Reddish  papules  and  nodules  over much of the body due to secondary syphilis


Model of a head of a person with tertiary (gummatous) syphilis,  Musée de l'Homme , Paris


Histopathology  of  Treponema pallidum  bacteria using a modified  Steiner silver stain , 1986


This  Works Progress Administration  poster ( c.  1936) acknowledges the social stigma of syphilis, while urging those who possibly have the disease to be tested


Micrograph  of secondary syphilis skin lesions. (A/B) H&E stain of SS lesions. (C/D) IHC staining reveals abundant bacteria embedded within a mixed cellular inflammatory infiltrate (shown in the red box) in the papillary dermis. The blue arrow points to a tissue histiocyte and the read arrows to two dermal lymphocytes [ 40 ]


Portrait of a man affected with what is now believed to have been congenital syphilis,  c.  1820 [ 49 ]


Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction in a person with syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus [ 71 ]


Syphilis deaths per million persons in 2012     0–0    1–1    2–3    4–10    11–19    20–28    29–57    58–138


Age-standardized   disability adjusted life years  from syphilis per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004 [ 75 ]              no data      <35      35–70      70–105      105–140      140–175      175–210          210–245      245–280      280–315      315–350      350–500      >500


Portrait of  Gerard de Lairesse  by  Rembrandt van Rijn , circa 1665–67, oil on canvas. De Lairesse, himself a painter and art theorist, had congenital syphilis that deformed his face and eventually blinded him [ 85 ]


A healthy man and a diseased man torture  Christ  before  his crucifixion . From a Frensh  book of hours ,  c.  1375–1435


An early medical illustration of people with syphilis, Vienna, 1498


A  Work Projects Administration  poster about syphilis c. 1940


Preparation and Use of Guayaco for Treating Syphilis , after  Stradanus , 1590


Age-standardized  death from syphilis per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004. [ 1 ]      no data    <35    35–70    70–105      105–140      140–175    175–210      210–245      245–280      280–315      315–350      350–500      >500


Syphilis cases by gender, transmission category and year in EU/EEA countries reporting consistently, 2012–2021


Syphilis—Reported Cases by Stage of Infection, United States, 1941–2009.


Rates of syphilis by gender in the United States.


Fig. 1: Microwells showing positive and negative TPHA test


Trichomonas vaginalis  protozoa. Colorized  SEM


Trichomonas vaginalis  protozoa.SEM


The structure of  Trichomonas vaginalis


Pap smear , showing infection by  Trichomonas vaginalis .  Papanicolaou stain , 400×


Trichomonas vaginalis Gram stain (arrows)


Trichomonas vaginalis  May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining. The spike-like  axostyle  can be seen on the left.


Bacteroides fragilis


Rash on an arm due to Zika fever


Microcephaly


Countries with active Zika virus transmission as of September 2016.


Areas of active Zika virus transmission, April 2016


Brazilian President  Dilma Rousseff  in a  videoconference  about the Zika virus at the National Center for Disaster Management.


Diagram of an  indirect ,  scrotal   inguinal hernia  ( median  view from the left).


Section of the fold in the mesonephros of a chick embryo of the fourth day


A.—Diagram of the primitive urogenital organs in the embryo previous to sexual distinction. The common genital cord is labeled with gc. * 3. Ureter * 4. Urinary bladder * 5. Urachus * cl. Cloaca * cp. Elevation which becomes clitoris or penis * i. Lower part of the intestine * ls. Fold of integument from which the labia majora or scrotum are formed * m, m. Right and left paramesonephric ducts uniting together and running with the mesonephric ducts in gc, the common genital cord * ot. The gonadal ridge from which either the ovary or testis is formed * ug. Sinus urogenitalis * W. Left Wolffian body * w, w. Right and left mesonephric ducts.


Tail end of human embryo thirty-two to thirty-three days old. The endodermal cloaca is visible at center left, labeled in green.


Development of external genitalia. A: common development. C, E: male development. B, D, F: female development


Diagrams to show the development of male and female generative organs from a common type


A.—Diagram of the primitive urogenital organs in the embryo previous to sexual distinction. The common genital cord is labeled with gc.  * 3. Ureter.   * 4. Urinary bladder.   * 5. Urachus.   * cl. Cloaca.   * cp. Elevation which becomes clitoris or penis.   * i. Lower part of the intestine.   * ls. Fold of integument from which the labia majora or scrotum are formed.   * m, m. Right and left Müllerian ducts uniting together and running with the Wolffian ducts in gc, the common genital cord.   * ot. The gonadal ridge from which either the ovary or testis is formed.   * ug. Sinus urogenitalis.   * W. Left Wolffian body.   * w, w. Right and left Wolffian ducts.


Tail end of human embryo thirty-two to thirty-three days old. The entodermal cloaca is visible at center left, labeled in green


Diagrams to show the development of male and female generative organs from a common type.


A.—Diagram of the primitive urogenital organs in the embryo previous to sexual distinction.   * 3.  Ureter .   * 4. Urinary bladder.   * 5.  Urachus .   * cl.  Cloaca .   * cp. Elevation which becomes  clitoris  or  penis .   * i. Lower part of the  intestine .   * ls. Fold of integument from which the  labia majora  or  scrotum  are formed.   * m, m. Right and left  Müllerian ducts  uniting together and running with the  Wolffian ducts  in gc, the  genital cord .   * ot. The  genital ridge  from which either the  ovary  or  testis  is formed (upper right).   * ug.  Sinus urogenitalis .   * W. Left  Wolffian body .   * w, w. Right and left Wolffian ducts.


Diagram shows the sequential development and degeneration of the pronephros and mesonephros, and the induction of the ureteric bud and metanephric  mesenchyme  during kidney development in mammals.


Tail end of human embryo, from eight and a half to nine weeks old.


1 - 7: Homologous male and female pelvic organs.


Diagrams that show the development of male and female organs from a common precursor. Sperm ducts and fallopian tubes are not homologous, as the sperm ducts originate from the Wolffian ducts, whereas the fallopian tubes originate from the Müllerian ducts.


Homologous structures in the external genitalia


Stages in the development of the external sexual organs in the male and female:  A: Undifferentiated B: Female C: Male D: Female E: Male F: Female


Development of external genitalia


Diagrams to illustrate the changes in the  cloaca  in  mammals  during development.  A , early embryonic stage, showing the cloaca receiving the urinary bladder, the rectum, and the Wolffian duct, as in the lower vertebrates.  B , later stage, showing the beginning of the fold which divides the cloaca into a ventral  urogenital sinus  which receives the  urinary bladder , Wolffian ducts, and  ureters , and into a dorsal part which receives the  rectum .  C , further progress of the fold, dividing the cloaca into urogenital sinus and rectum; the ureter has separated from the Wolffian duct and is shifting anteriorly.  D , completion of the fold, showing complete separation of the cloaca into ventral urogenital sinus and dorsal rectum.


Enlarged view from the front of the left  Wolffian body  before the establishment of the distinction of sex. a, b, c, d. Tubular structure of the Wolffian body. e.  mesonephric duct . f. Its upper extremity. g. Its termination in x, the  urogenital sinus . h. The  duct of Müller . i. Its upper, funnel-shaped extremity. k. Its lower end, terminating in the  urogenital sinus . l. The  genital  gland.


Section of the fold in the mesonephros of a chick embryo of the fourth day. Wolffian tubules are labeled to the right.


2 and 5 sex cords


A depiction of the migration of the cells which will give rise to the sex cords into the genital ridge where they will become the gonads of the embryo


A 1904 gynecology textbook that describes some vaginal anomalies


The ancient Greek method for treating a prolapsed uterus that has extended through and beyond the vaginal introitus


Deaths due to genitourinary diseases per million persons in 2012     22-87    88-106    107-123    124-137    138-148    149-164    165-177    178-214    215-255    256-382


Figure 1 from Frontiers in Microbiology: Characterization of the Genitourinary Microbiome of 1,165 Middle-Aged and Elderly Healthy Individuals (2021). This study identified Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes as the primary phyla present in the human genitourinary microbiome.


Diagram of a human spermatozoa showing the acrosome


Scrotal ultrasonography  of an 85-year-old man with  hydrocele , making the appendix of the testicle clearly distinctive as a 4 mm outpouching at upper right in image.  Doppler  shows some blood flow.


Ectopic crossed fused kidney in a fetus approx. 34 weeks


The anatomy of the male urethra


Micrograph  of the  rete testis .  H&E stain .


Umbilical urachal sinus


Vaginal vault


The ovotestis of the freshwater snail  Biomphalaria glabrata . The area around the ovotestis is the  hepatopancreas . (10× magnification)


A T-shaped uterus with circular constriction noted around the proximal portion of the marker. The lower uterus appears tapered and narrow.


The human male urethra laid open on its anterior (upper) surface


Micrograph  of  urethral cancer  ( urothelial cell carcinoma ), a rare problem of the urethra.


3D model of urinary system


Male and female urinary bladders in lateral cross-section


Bladder location and associated structures in the male


Female urinary bladder


Calcifications on bladder wall caused by urinary  schistosomiasis


Urinary bladder (black butterfly-like shape) and hyperplastic  prostate  (BPH) visualized by  medical ultrasound


Cross-section of the male  genitourinary system  showing a cancer within the bladder. When a cancer occurs it is most likely to be a  transitional cell carcinoma .


A  diverticulum  of the bladder


Cloaca of a  red-tailed hawk


Cloaca of a female bird


Cloaca of a male bird


A  roseate spoonbill  excreting urine in flight


Diagrams to illustrate the changes in the cloaca in mammals during development.  A , early embryonic stage, showing the cloaca receiving the urinary bladder, the rectum, and the Wolffian duct, as in non- therian  vertebrates.  B , later stage, showing the beginning of the fold which divides the cloaca into a ventral  urogenital sinus  which receives the  urinary bladder , Wolffian ducts, and  ureters , and into a dorsal part which receives the  rectum .  C , further progress of the fold, dividing the cloaca into urogenital sinus and rectum; the ureter has separated from the Wolffian duct and is shifting anteriorly.  D , completion of the fold, showing complete separation of the cloaca into ventral urogenital sinus and dorsal rectum. [ 13 ]


Cloacal opening in an  Australian brushtail possum


The ancient Greek method for treating cystocele


Lateral cross section of the penis


Anatomical diagram of the penis


Muscles underlying the penis and perineum


Various flaccid penises (foreskin retracted in some photos)


Development of external genitals showing  homologues  from  indifferent  to both sexes - male on left


Lateral view of an uncircumcised human penis during various stages of erection.


The development of a penile erection, also showing the foreskin gradually retracting over the glans.  See also:  Commons image gallery .


A ventral view of a penis flaccid (left) and erect (middle); a dorsal view of a penis erect (right)


Kanamara Matsuri  festival in Japan


A  Prince Albert  piercing wearing captive bead ring jewelry


Papuan  man wearing traditional  penis sheath


A labelled dorsal view of a circumcised penis: (1)  shaft ; (2) circumcision scar; (3)  corona ; (4)  glans ; and (5)  meatus


Image showing the sphincter in a female, and demonstrating its action to prevent urination.


Micrograph  showing Michaelis-Gutmann bodies.  H&E stain .


Natriuretic peptide-binding receptors and ligand selectivity. [ 1 ]


Structure of natriuretic peptides. [ 4 ]


Suppression of the RAAS, SNS, and vasopressin systems by natriuretic peptides/ [ 1 ]


Hemipenes of a  gold tegu


The spine-covered penis of  Callosobruchus analis , a  bean weevil


18th-century painting by  Joseph Wright of Derby  depicting boys fighting over a bladder


Inflating a bladder


Richard Lindon in 1880


Structures that are near the ureters. 1.  Human  urinary system :  2.  Kidney , 3.  Renal pelvis ,  4 .  Ureter , 5.  Urinary bladder , 6.  Urethra . (Left side with  frontal section ), 7.  Adrenal gland Vessels: 8.  Renal artery  and  vein , 9.  Inferior vena cava , 10.  Abdominal aorta , 11.  Common iliac artery  and  vein With transparency: 12.  Liver , 13.  Large intestine , 14.  Pelvis


Microscopic cross-section  of the ureter, showing the  epithelium  (purple cells) sitting next to the  lumen . A large amount of muscle fibres can be seen surrounding the epithelium, and the  adventitia  sits beyond this.


Image showing the bottom part of an embryo 4–5 weeks old. Here, the ureter (in orange) can be seen emerging from the bottom of the mesonephric duct (labelled "Wolffian duct"), connected to the primitive bladder. Image from  Gray's Anatomy  1918 edition.


A giant ureteral stone with dimensions of approximately 6 × 5 × 4 cm and weighing 61 grams extracted from the left ureter of a 19-year-old male


Ureters


Dissection of prostate showing the fibers of the external sphincter surrounding the membranous urethra and partially cradling the inferior portion of the prostate.


Male urinary meatus


Drawing of male internal sexual anatomy


Lateral anatomical view of the female reproductive system


CT scan showing nephrostomy tube, indicated by the white line on the bottom left, in a case of urinothorax being treated


Chest X-ray showing urinothorax disappearing after treatment


Labeled image of a vulva, showing external and internal views


Muscles underlying the vulva and  perineum


The length of the labia minora varies significantly between women: while the labia majora completely enclose the labia minora in some women (top row), in other women, they protrude and are clearly visible in an upright standing position (bottom row). Colloquially, these variations of the labia are also referred to as "innies" and "outies". [ 31 ] [ 32 ] [ 33 ]


Development of external genitals showing  homologues  from  indifferent  to both sexes—female on right


A vulva with receding labia majora, developing clitoral erection, engorgement of the labia minora, and increased vaginal lubrication


Water warts of  molluscum contagiosum


Pubic hair with crab lice


The  labia pride  movement opposes the ideals of female cosmetic genital surgeries: The Muff March in London, 2011


Vulva piercings include the  clitoral hood piercing  above and the  labia piercing


Derived from traditional symbols, Hanabira scarification is intended to decorate the pubic area


An 1822 illustration of a  gynaecological examination


Japanese artist  Megumi Igarashi  with vulva portrayal


L'Origine du monde , an oil painting by  Gustave Courbet


Microscopic view of testicular atrophy (intermediate magnification)


Ultrasonography of testicular torsion


Normal prostate gland, high power microscopic.


Prostate, "chips" from transurethral resection, gross.


Prostate, adenocarcinoma, gross.


Prostate, adenocarcinoma, high power microscopic.


Prostate, adenocarcinoma, immunohistochemical stain with antibody to prostate specific antigen,high power microscopic.


Prostate, adenocarcinoma, low power microscopic.


Prostate, adenocarcinoma, medium power microscopic.


Prostate, adenocarcinoma, with nucleoli, high power microscopic.


Prostate, adenocarcinoma, with nucleoli, medium power microscopic.


Prostate, chronic prostatitis, high power microscopic.


Prostate, needle biopsy with adenocarcinoma, low power microscopic.


Prostate, nodular hyperplasia, gross.


Prostate, nodular hyperplasia, low power microscopic.


Prostate, nodular hyperplasia, medium power microscopic.


Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), high power microscopic.


Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), medium power microscopic.