Question: In what north-western area can you find a species that is a member of the family that probably radiated out of South America during the Eocene?

Answer: You can find this species in north-western Africa.

The Berber toad, also known as Mauritanian toad, Moroccan toad, pantherine toad or Moorish toad ( Sclerophrys mauritanica ), is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae, which is found in north-western Africa, with an introduced population in southern Spain . The Berber toad is a large toad, reaching 13–15 cm in body length.

Bufonidae is thought to have originated in South America. Some studies date the origin of the group to after the breakup of Gondwana, about 78 - 98 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous.[2] In contrast, other studies have dated the origin of the group to the early Paleocene.[3] The bufonids likely radiated out of South America during the Eocene, with the entire radiation occurring during the Eocene to Oligocene, marking an extremely rapid divergence likely facilitated by the Paleogene's changing climatic conditions.[3]


Question: What parameters are defined so that they are all equal to zero at a reference point in the Standard Model that are set to three measurable quantities called S, T, and U?

Answer: The Peskin-Takeuchi parameters

The Peskin–Takeuchi parameters are defined so that they are all equal to zero at a reference point in the Standard Model, with a particular value chosen for the (then unmeasured) Higgs boson mass.

In particle physics, the Peskin–Takeuchi parameters are a set of three measurable quantities, called S, T, and U, that parameterize potential new physics contributions to electroweak radiative corrections.


Question: Many molluscs have what flexible, mobile elongated organ?

Answer: Many molluscs have tentacles of one form or another.

In zoology, a tentacle is a flexible, mobile, elongated organ present in some species of animals, most of them invertebrates. In animal anatomy, tentacles usually occur in one or more pairs. Anatomically, the tentacles of animals work mainly like muscular hydrostats.

Many molluscs have tentacles of one form or another. The most familiar are those of the pulmonate land snails, which usually have two sets of tentacles on the head: when extended the upper pair have eyes at their tips; the lower pair are chemoreceptors. Both pairs are fully retractable muscular hydrostats, but they are not used for manipulation or prey capture.


Question: ASMT catalyzes how many separate reactions in the tryptophan metabolism pathway?

Answer: Two

In the tryptophan metabolism pathway, N- Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase catalyzes two separate reactions. The first reaction shown (Figure 2) is the reaction of N-acetyl-serotonin to N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine. S-adenosyl-L-methionine is used as a substrate and is converted to S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.

N-Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase, also known as ASMT, is an enzyme which catalyzes the final reaction in melatonin biosynthesis: converting Normelatonin to melatonin. This reaction is embedded in the more general tryptophan metabolism pathway.


Question: The Abaeté river is a tributary of a river that forms the border between which two Brazilian states at its mouth?

Answer: The Abaeté River is a tributary of the São Francisco River, which forms the boundary between the Brazilian states of Alagoas and Sergipe at its mouth.

The Paranaíba River is a Brazilian river whose source lies in the state of Minas Gerais in the Mata da Corda mountains, municipality of Rio Paranaíba, at an altitude of 1,148 meters; on the other face of this mountain chain are the sources of the Abaeté river, tributary of the São Francisco River.

The São Francisco originates in the Canastra mountain range in the central-western part of the state of Minas Gerais. It runs generally north in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, behind the coastal range, draining an area of over 630,000 square kilometres (240,000 sq mi), before turning east to form the border between Bahia on the right bank and the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas on the left one. After that, it forms the boundary between the states of Alagoas and Sergipe and washes into the Atlantic Ocean.


Question: The only parallelepipeds with six congruent faces and the only crystal system whose point groups have more than one lattice system associated with their space groups are nboth considered what?

Answer: Trigonal.

Trigonal trapezohedra are a special kind of parallelepipeds, and are the only parallelepipeds with six congruent faces. Since all edges must have the same length, every trigonal trapezohedron is also a rhombohedron . A trigonal trapezohedron with square faces is a cube .

The trigonal crystal system is the only crystal system whose point groups have more than one lattice system associated with their space groups: the hexagonal and rhombohedral lattices both appear.


Question: Who are The Alliance of Builders or Developers of Islamic Iran and what were they described as?

Answer: The Alliance of Builders or Developers of Islamic Iran was an Iranian conservative political federation of parties and organizations. Described as "Iran's neocons ", main groups within the alliance were Front of Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader members and Society of Devotees of the Islamic Revolution .

Described as "Iran's neocons ", main groups within the alliance were Front of Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader members and Society of Devotees of the Islamic Revolution .

The Alliance of Builders or Developers of Islamic Iran ( Persian: ائتلاف آبادگران ایران اسلامی ; E'telāf-e Ābādgarān-e Īrān-e Eslāmī ), usually shortened to Abadgaran ( Persian: آبادگران ), was an Iranian conservative political federation of parties and organizations.


Question: What is often associated with the fossil fuels lobby and the economies of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries like Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Qatar are highly dependent on exporting?

Answer: Oil.

Big oil is often associated with the fossil fuels lobby and also used to refer to the industry as a whole in a pejorative or derogatory manner. The supermajors are considered to be BP, Chevron, Eni, ExxonMobil, Royal Dutch Shell, Total, and ConocoPhillips.

The economies of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries like Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Qatar are highly dependent on exporting oil and gas. Suriname 's exports of bauxite account for more than 15% of GDP and 70% of export earnings. Of Russian exports, more than 80% are oil, natural gas, metals and timber.


Question: What type of system was introduced by Fairchild Semiconductor that dealt with the composition of text by means of arranging physical types or the digital equivalents?

Answer: Electronic photocomposition.

Diagram of a cast metal sort. Typesetting is the composition of text by means of arranging physical types or the digital equivalents. Stored letters and other symbols (called sorts in mechanical systems and glyphs in digital systems) are retrieved and ordered according to a language's orthography for visual display.

One of the earliest electronic photocomposition systems was introduced by Fairchild Semiconductor. The typesetter typed a line of text on a Fairchild keyboard that had no display. To verify correct content of the line it was typed a second time.


Question: What Greco-Christian term that expresses unconditional love shouldn't be confused with Philia which is often interpreted as brotherly love?

Answer: Agape

Philia ( / ˈfɪliə /; Ancient Greek: φιλία ), often translated " brotherly love ", is one of the four ancient Greek words for love: philia, storge, agape and eros. In Aristotle 's Nicomachean Ethics, philia is usually translated as " friendship " or affection.

Agape (Ancient Greek ἀγάπη, agapē) is a Greco-Christian term referring to unconditional love, "the highest form of love, charity" and "the love of God for man and of man for God".[1] The word is not to be confused with philia, brotherly love, or philautia, self-love, as it embraces a universal, unconditional love that transcends and persists regardless of circumstance. It goes beyond just the emotions to the extent of seeking the best for others.


Question: Ancient Rome had an enduring relation with Caucasian Albania, but they aren't part of it currently, and are part of what?

Answer: Today it is part of Azerbaijan Russia Georgia and Armenia.

There was an enduring relation of Caucasian Albania with Ancient Rome. Indeed, in 65 BC the Roman general Pompey, who had just subjugated Armenia and Iberia and had conquered Colchis, entered Caucasian Albania at the head of his army. He clashed with the forces of Oroezes, king of Albania, and quickly defeated them.

Caucasian Albania (exonym)Aghwank & Aluank (modern endonyms)Initial state/s unknown; later vassal kingdom and province of the Sasanian Empire and the Rashidun, Umayyad and Abbasid CaliphatesCapitalKabalak (Qabala); Partaw (Barda)Common languagesCaucasian Albanian, Parthian,[2] Middle Persian[3][4]ReligionPaganism, Christianity, ZoroastrianismHistorical eraAntiquity• Established2nd century BC  • Disestablished 8th century ADToday part of Azerbaijan Russia Georgia ArmeniaThe name Albania is derived from the Ancient Greek name Ἀλβανία and Latin Albanía.[7] The


Question: What is the typical length of the type of biological cell that produces lactic acid that can be used to make cheese?

Answer: This type of biological cell is usually a few micrometres in length.

The lactic acid produced by the bacterium curdles the milk that then separates to form curds, which are used to produce cheese. Other uses that have been reported for this bacterium include the production of pickled vegetables, beer or wine, some breads, and other fermented foodstuffs, such as soymilk kefir, buttermilk, and others.

Bacteria (/bækˈtɪəriə/ (About this soundlisten); common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) are a type of biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats.


Question: What is the largest tableland in the twelfth-largest country in Europe?

Answer: The Transylvanian Plateau is the largest tableland in Romania.

Enclosed within the great arc of the Carpathians lie the undulating plains and low hills of the Transylvanian Plateau —the largest tableland in the country and the center of Romania. This important agricultural region also contains large deposits of methane gas and salt.

With an area of 238,397 km2 (92,046 sq mi), Romania is the twelfth-largest country in Europe. Located in Southeastern Europe, bordering on the Black Sea, the country is halfway between the equator and the North Pole and equidistant from the westernmost part of Europe—the Atlantic Coast—and the most easterly—the Ural Mountains. Romania has 3,195 kilometres (1,985 mi) of border.


Question: The percentage of the what, which consists entirely of ions, yet it is a soft material quite unlike a typical ionic solid, depends on the ingredient fats?

Answer: Sodium stearate

The percentage of the sodium stearate depends on the ingredient fats. Tallow is especially high in stearic acid content (as the triglyceride ), whereas most fats only contain a few percent. The idealized equation for the formation of sodium stearate from stearin (the triglyceride of stearic acid) follows:

A large molecule with an ionized group is technically an ion, but its behavior may be largely the result of non-ionic interactions. For example, sodium stearate (the main constituent of traditional soaps) consists entirely of ions, yet it is a soft material quite unlike a typical ionic solid.


Question: What sub-discipline of biology focuses on the systems and organs of the human body and their functions?

Answer: Physiology.

As a sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical and physical functions in a living system.

The study of the human body involves anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology. The body varies anatomically in known ways. Physiology focuses on the systems and organs of the human body and their functions.


Question: The Henry Hudson and George Washington bridges are both where?

Answer: New York.

After crossing into the Bronx via the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority -owned Henry Hudson Bridge, NY 9A proceeds to leave the parkway at exit 23, joining US 9 on Broadway.

In New York, US 9 extends 324.72 miles (522.59 km) from the George Washington Bridge in Manhattan to an interchange with Interstate 87 (I-87) just south of the Canada–United States border in the town of Champlain.


Question: The Teatro di Pompeo and the Orange are both what?

Answer: Theatres.

The Theatre of Pompey ( Latin: Theatrum Pompeii, Italian: Teatro di Pompeo) was a structure in Ancient Rome built during the latter part of the Roman Republican era by Pompey the Great (Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus). Completed in 55 BC, it was the first permanent theatre to be built in Rome.

The Orange theatre was built under the rule of Augustus. It was one of the first of its kind in this area of France. The grand exterior (outside) facade is one of the most famous parts of the structure. It is 103 meters long and 37 meters high. At the beginning, there was a wooden roof across the theatre.


Question: What type of device in Anderton that helps with storage and maintenance costs provides a 50-foot vertical link between two waterways?

Answer: Boat lift

The Anderton Boat Lift is a two caisson lift lock near the village of Anderton, Cheshire, in North West England. It provides a 50-foot (15.2 m) vertical link between two navigable waterways: the River Weaver and the Trent and Mersey Canal.

Smaller devices called "Boat lifts" are available that simply raise yachts, sailboats, or small watercraft above the water level at a dock for storage, for reduced maintenance cost and increased security. They can be operated by cables, by hydraulics, or by air flotation and some are "drive on" to segmented flexing supports.


Question: What green mountainous area in its foothills has a stone lion as a historical monument?

Answer: Hamadan, Iran.

Hamedan has a green mountainous area in the foothills of the 3,574-meter Alvand Mountain, in the midwest part of Iran. The city is 1,850 meters above sea level .

The stone lion of Hamadan ( Persian: شیر سنگی همدان  šir-e sangi-ye hamedân) is a historical monument in Hamadan, Iran . The stone lion – one part of the 'Lions' Gate' – sits on a hill where a Parthian -era cemetery is said to have been located.


Question: What does the Maoist group that has maintained it's own website since the Maoist Internationalist Party-America collapsed fight against?

Answer: The group fights against criminal injustice.

The Maoist International Ministry of Prisons (MIM-Prisons) has continued to organize and has maintained its own website since the collapse of the Maoist Internationalist Party-America.

Maoist Internationalist Ministry of Prisons, MIM(Prisons), is a revolutionary anti-imperialist group fighting criminal injustice, helping prisoners to organize and educate themselves. Sends books to prisoners, and offers prisoners a free subscription to their newspaper.


Question: Magic Kingdom is a theme park in a what, which Universal Orlando is an example of?

Answer: A resort

Universal Orlando Resort, commonly known as Universal Orlando or simply "Universal," formerly Universal Studios Escape, is an American theme park and entertainment resort complex based in Orlando, Florida. The resort is operated by Universal Parks & Resorts, a division of Comcast 's NBCUniversal.

The resort comprises four theme parks (consisting of Magic Kingdom, Epcot, Disney's Hollywood Studios, and Disney's Animal Kingdom ), two water parks, 27 themed resort hotels, nine non-Disney hotels, several golf courses, a camping resort, and other entertainment venues, including the outdoor shopping center Disney Springs .


Question: What insect has a scientific name derived from Latin blatta and is used as a nickname for Freddie Roach?

Answer: Cockroach.

The scientific name derives from the Latin blatta, "an insect that shuns the light", which in classical Latin was applied not only to cockroaches, but also to mantids.

"Cockroach", or some variant of it is also used as a nickname, for example Boxing coach Freddie Roach, who was nicknamed La Cucaracha (The Cockroach) when he was still competing as a fighter. For on-screen moments, TV shows and movies often employ the Madagascar hissing cockroach due to its large size and very slow speed.


Question: Which district includes most of eastern Fresno, as well as all of Clovis, Tulare, and Visalia?

Answer: California's 22nd congressional district

California's 22nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California . The district is currently represented by Republican Devin Nunes. It is located in the San Joaquin Valley, comprising parts of Fresno and Tulare counties. The district includes most of eastern Fresno, as well as all of Clovis, Tulare, and Visalia .


Question: The mineral form of the nickel hydroxide with the formula Ni (OH) 2 was first identified in what year?

Answer: The mineral form of Nickel (II) hydroxide, theophrastite, was first identified in the Vermion region of northern Greece, in 1980.

Nickel hydroxides are used in nickel–cadmium and Nickel–metal hydride batteries. Nickel (II) hydroxide Ni (OH) 2, the main hydroxide of nickel is coloured apple green. It is known as the mineral theophrastite . β-NiO (OH) is a black powder with nickel in the +3 oxidation state.

The mineral form of Ni(OH)2, theophrastite, was first identified in the Vermion region of northern Greece, in 1980. It is found naturally as a translucent emerald-green crystal formed in thin sheets near the boundaries of idocrase or chlorite crystals.[9] A nickel-magnesium variant of the mineral, (Ni,Mg)(OH)2 had been previously discovered at Hagdale on the island of Unst in Scotland.[10]


Question: Pious accounts place the birthplace of the Virgin Mary in what city that was called Diocaesaraea in the past?

Answer: The accounts place it in Sepphoris.

Pious accounts place the birthplace of the Virgin Mary in Sepphoris, Israel where a 5th-century basilica is excavated at the site. Some accounts speak of Nazareth and others say it was in a house near the Sheep Gate in Jerusalem. It is possible that a wealthy man such as Joachim had a home in both Judea and Galilee.

Sepphoris (/sɪˈfɔːrɪs/; Ancient Greek: Σέπφωρις, romanized: Sépphōris) or Zippori (/ˈzɪpəraɪ/; Hebrew: צִפּוֹרִי, romanized: Tzipóri) in the past called Diocaesaraea (Ancient Greek: Διοκαισάρεια) and, during the Crusades, le Saforie[3] (Old French: le Saforie), is a former village and an archaeological site located in the central Galilee region of Israel, 6 kilometers north-northwest of Nazareth


Question: Baden-Baden station is located in a German state with what form of government?

Answer: A partly-sovereign parliamentary republic

Baden-Baden station is the most important of the three railway stations in the city of Baden-Baden in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is regularly served by local and long distance trains operated by Deutsche Bahn.

As a federated state, Baden-Württemberg is a partly-sovereign parliamentary republic. The largest city in Baden-Württemberg is the state capital of Stuttgart, followed by Mannheim and Karlsruhe. Other cities are Freiburg im Breisgau, Heidelberg, Heilbronn, Pforzheim, Reutlingen, Tübingen, and Ulm .


Question: Moutohora and Aitutaki are both what?

Answer: Islands.

Moutohora Island or Whale Island ( Māori: Moutohorā) is a small uninhabited island located off the Bay of Plenty coast of New Zealand 's North Island, about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) north of the town of Whakatane. The 1.43 km 2 (0.55 sq mi) island is a remnant of a complex volcano which has eroded, leaving two peaks.

Paikea is the name assumed by Kahutia-te-rangi because he was assisted by a whale to survive an attempt on his life by his half-brother Ruatapu . On the island of Aitutaki, he is also known as a brother of Ruatapu, but is not as famous as him. In an account, probably from the Kāti Kurī hapū of Ngāi Tahu, the family lived on Mangaia.


Question: A wrestling move involving the wrestler wrapping the attacking arm around the opponent's neck and the type of kick a "Jump kick" is both have what word in their title?

Answer: Flying

In this sense, a " Jump kick" is a special case of a flying kick, any kick delivered in mid-air, i.e. with neither foot touching the ground. Flying kick Flying kick by a Black Belt in martial arts Flying and jump kicks are taught in certain Asian martial arts, such as karate,[2]kenpo, kalarippayattu, kung fuand taekwondo.

A version of this move, called a flying lariat, involving the wrestler wrapping the attacking arm around the opponent's neck.


Question: What in government is  a statement of its governing principles and philosophy that they have to stay within the boundaries of?

Answer: Constitution.

In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a means by which organizational policies are enforced, as well as a mechanism for determining policy. Each government has a kind of constitution, a statement of its governing principles and philosophy.

A constitutional provision announcing the supremacy of federal law, the Supremacy Clause assumes the underlying priority of federal authority, only when that authority is expressed in the Constitution itself. No matter what the federal government or the states might wish to do, they have to stay within the boundaries of the Constitution.


Question: International and cargo hub are both labels given to what?

Answer: Airports

Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport ( IATA: DTW, ICAO: KDTW, FAA LID: DTW ), usually called Detroit Metro Airport, Metro Airport, or just DTW, is a major international airport in the United States covering 4,850 acres (1,960 ha) in Romulus, Michigan. It is the primary international airport serving Detroit and is Michigan 's busiest airport.

A cargo hub is an airport that primarily is operated by a cargo airline that uses the hub-and-spoke system. In the United States, the largest cargo hub airports are traditionally in the midwest for domestic service, like FedEx 's Memphis Superhub or UPS Louisville Worldport.


Question: When was the first volume of one of the best selling albums of the record lable owned by Brett Gurewitz released?

Answer: Punk-O-Rama was released in 1994.

The label, an offshoot of Epitaph Records, was started as a partnership between Brett Gurewitz of Bad Religion, the owner of Epitaph, and Tim Armstrong of Rancid, who was generally responsible for signing bands. The label specializes in ska, punk, oi!, psychobilly and hardcore bands.

Labelled as one of Epitaph's best selling albums. First of the Punk-O-Rama series, this release includes songs by Bad Religion, NOFX, Rancid, The Offspring, Total Chaos, Gas Huffer, RKL, Down by Law, Wayne Kramer, Ten Foot Pole, and SNFU . Single release.

Punk-O-Rama was the title given to a series of ten compilation albums published by Epitaph Records. The first volume was released in 1994, the second in 1996, and the rest annually from 1998 to 2005. The albums included artists from Epitaph's roster as well as from its subsidiary label ANTI- and its partnership labels Hellcat Records and Burning Heart Records. In total the series included 257 songs contributed by 88 different artists.Rancid and Pennywise are the only bands to appear on all 10 volumes. Scott Radinsky appears on all 10, 1 with Ten Foot Pole and 9 with Pulley.


Question: What is the name of both the ancestral seat of the Ashley-Cooper family, which is headed by the Earl of Shaftesbury and a suburb of Edinburgh, about 1 1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) south of the city centre?

Answer: St Giles.

St Giles House is located at Wimborne St Giles in East Dorset in England, just south of Cranborne Chase. It is the ancestral seat of the Ashley-Cooper family, which is headed by the Earl of Shaftesbury. The estate covers over 5,500 acres (22 km 2 ).

/  55.9352278°N 3.1875778°W  / 55.9352278; -3.1875778 The Grange (originally St Giles' Grange) is a suburb of Edinburgh, about 1 1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) south of the city centre, with Morningside and Greenhill to the west, Newington to the east, and Marchmont to the north.


Question: What is the county seat of the county where Potter Mountain in the Taconics is located?

Answer: Pittsfield is the traditional county seat of Berkshire County, the county where Potter Mountain is located.

It has several peaks; the most notable are the southern Jiminy Peak, 2,392 feet (729 m), which bears the name of the ski area located on its slopes, and Widow White's Peak, 2,430 feet (740 m), the ridge high point. The mountain is located in the towns of Hancock and Lanesborough.

Potter Mountain is a prominent ridgeline located in the Taconic Mountains of western Massachusetts. It has several peaks; the most notable are the southern Jiminy Peak, 2,392 feet (729 m), which bears the name of the ski area located on its slopes, and Widow White's Peak, 2,430 feet (740 m), the ridge high point.

Lanesborough is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 3,091 at the 2010 census.[1]

Berkshire County (pronounced /ˈbɜːrkʃər/) is a county on the western edge of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. As of the 2010 census, the population was 131,219.[2][3] Its largest city and traditional county seat is Pittsfield.[4] The county was founded in 1761.[5]


Question: The preamble of the constitution of what country, where a minority of Jews have historically lived without any instances of anti-Semitism, states that it is is a secular state?

Answer: India

Judaism was one of the first foreign religions to arrive in India in recorded history. Indian Jews are a religious minority of India, but, unlike many parts of the world, have historically lived in India without any instances of anti-Semitism from the local majority populace.

The preamble of the Indian constitution states that India is a secular state. The Indian subcontinent is the birthplace of four of the world's major religions: namely Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism —collectively known as Indian religions that believe Moksha is the most supreme state of the Ātman (soul).


Question: Are there more holes on a golf course or more grams in a golf ball?

Answer: There are more grams in a golf ball.

Most courses contain 18 holes; some share fairways or greens, and a subset has nine holes, played twice per round. Par-3 courses consist of nine or 18 holes all of which have a par of three strokes. Many older courses are links, often coastal.

Under the rules of golf, a golf ball has a mass no more than 1.620 oz (45.93 grams), has a diameter not less than 1.680 in (42.67 mm), and performs within specified velocity, distance, and symmetry limits.


Question: What private company in Japan operates a fleet of 2,728 electric multiple unit vehicles?

Answer: Tokyo Metro.

Tokyo Metro is operated by Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd. (東京地下鉄株式会社, Tōkyō Chikatetsu Kabushiki-gaisha, Tokyo Subway Stock Company), a private company jointly owned by the Japanese government (through the Ministry of Finance) and the Tokyo metropolitan government .

, Tokyo Metro operates a fleet of 2,728 electric multiple unit (EMU) vehicles, the largest fleet for a private railway operator in Japan. Trains from other operators are also used on Tokyo Metro lines as a consequence of inter-running services.


Question: The Texas cichlid and Oranda goldfish are sensitive to what water temperature?

Answer: Cold

Adult males also develop a nuchal hump on their head. This cichlid also prefers the water temperature to be between 68 and 82 °F (20–28 °C) and are negatively affected by rapid changes in temperature. The Texas cichlid was originally part of the genus Cichlasoma until this group was restricted to South American cichlid species.

Oranda goldfish are especially sensitive to cold temperatures, more so than other goldfish. The azuma nishiki is an attractive nacreous -colored form of the oranda. The red-cap oranda has a silver body with a prominent red headgrowth on the forehead.


Question: What chemical element that is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal is part of a hindered hybrid that can be stable for long term while under inert atmosphere?

Answer: Lithium

Lithium (from Greek: λίθος, romanized : lithos, lit. 'stone') is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. Under standard conditions, it is the lightest metal and the lightest solid element. Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly reactive and flammable, and must be stored in mineral oil.

Hindered hydrides such as lithium tri- ( tert -butoxy)aluminium hydride (LTBA) are stable for long periods of time under inert atmosphere, but lithium trimethoxyaluminium hydride (LTMA) undergoes disproportionation and should be used immediately after preparation.


Question: What type of food in French haute cuisine is made of clarified butter, egg yolks, and herbs, that is also the same kind of food named after the Bordeaux region of France?

Answer: A sauce.

Béarnaise sauce. The basic sauce is smooth; chopped herbs were added to finish it. Béarnaise sauce ( French: sauce béarnaise) [be.aʁnɛz] is a sauce made of clarified butter, egg yolks, and herbs. It is considered to be a 'child' of the mother Hollandaise sauce, one of the five mother sauces in French haute cuisine.

Bordelaise sauce is a classic French sauce named after the Bordeaux region of France, which is famous for its wine. The sauce is made with dry red wine, bone marrow, butter, shallots and sauce demi-glace.


Question: Most members of the family that includes Sander canadensis are found in which biogeographical region?

Answer: Most members of the Percidae, the family that includes Sander canadensis, are found in the Nearctic region.

The sauger ( Sander canadensis) is a freshwater perciform fish of the family Percidae that resembles its close relative, the walleye. The species is a member of the largest vertebrate order, the Perciformes. It is the most migratory percid species in North America.

The Percidaeare a familyof ray-finned fish, part of the orderPerciformes, which are found in fresh and brackishwaters of the Northern Hemisphere. The majority are Nearctic, but there are also Palearcticspecies.


Question: Rhineland-Palatinate is a federal state in a country whose largest contiguous forested area is how many square miles?

Answer: 684

With about 1,771 km 2 (684 sq mi), it is Germany's largest contiguous forested area, and is part of the Franco-German Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve . The western and northern part of the Palatinate is densely forested and mountainous.

It occupies roughly the southernmost quarter of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate ( Rheinland-Pfalz ), covering an area of 5,451 square kilometres (2,105 sq mi) with about 1.4 million inhabitants. Its residents are known as Palatines .


Question: Syzygium cumini and Syzygium jambos are both referred to as what kind of plum?

Answer: The Malabar Plum.

Syzygium jambos has several common names, reflecting the large number of regions in which it occurs as a garden or fruit tree or as an invader. The names include ಪನ್ನೇರಳೆ , Guljamun , madhura nelli, Malabar Plum, Panineer Champakka, Mountain Apple (champoo), chom pu or chom-phu.

Syzygium cumini, commonly known as Malabar plum, Java plum, black plum, or jambolan, is an evergreen tropical tree in the flowering plant family Myrtaceae, and favored for its fruit, timber, and ornamental value. It is native to the Indian Subcontinent, adjoining regions of Southeast Asia, including Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and the Andaman Islands.


Question: What is a simple version of an instrument where you can count the number of teeth passing a mark on the handle of a toothed wheel of known circumference on a handle?

Answer: A simple opisometer.

A simple opisometer consists of a toothed wheel of known circumference on a handle. The wheel is placed in contact with the curved line to be measured and run along its length. By counting the number of teeth passing a mark on the handle while this is done, the length of the line can be ascertained:

An opisometer, also called a curvimeter, meilograph, or map measurer, is an instrument for measuring the lengths of arbitrary curved lines. A simple opisometer consists of a toothed wheel of known circumference on a handle. The wheel is placed in contact with the curved line to be measured and run along its length.


Question: Frank J. Lapidus was a fictional character in what American drama television series that follows the survivors of a commercial jet airliner flying between Sydney and Los Angeles?

Answer: Frank J. Lapidus was a fictional character on the ABC television series Lost.

Frank J. Lapidus is a fictional character on the ABC television series Lost played by Jeff Fahey. Frank is introduced in the second episode of season four as a pilot hired on a mission to the island where Oceanic Flight 815 crashed.

Lost is an American drama television series that originally aired on ABC from September 22, 2004, to May 23, 2010, over six seasons, comprising a total of 121 episodes. The show contains elements of supernatural and science fiction, and follows the survivors of a commercial jet airliner flying between Sydney and Los Angeles, after the plane crashes on a mysterious island somewhere in the South Pacific Ocean.


Question: What type of sound is the voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate and the sound used in almost all spoken languages with an IIA symbol of t classified as?

Answer: They are consonantal sounds.

The voiceless alveolar, dental and postalveolar plosives (or stops) are types of consonantal sounds used in almost all spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless dental, alveolar, and postalveolar plosives is ⟨ t ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is t.

The voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.


Question: The tectum (Latin for roof) is the dorsal side of what thing that is separated from the pons by the superior pontine sulcus?

Answer: Midbrain

The pons is separated from the midbrain by the superior pontine sulcus, and from the medulla by the inferior pontine sulcus. It contains tracts that carry signals from the cerebrum to the medulla and to the cerebellum and also tracts that carry sensory signals to the thalamus.

The tectum (Latin for roof) is the dorsal side of the midbrain. The position of the tectum is contrasted with the tegmentum, which refers to the region in front of the ventricular system, or floor of the midbrain. It is involved in certain reflexes in response to visual or auditory stimuli.


Question: In the surface analysis technique used in materials science, what element is used in a beam that can even probe surfaces in the presence of electromagnetic fields?

Answer: Helium.

Helium atom scattering ( HAS) is a surface analysis technique used in materials science. HAS provides information about the surface structure and lattice dynamics of a material by measuring the diffracted atoms from a monochromatic helium beam incident on the sample. 2.3 Why use helium atoms?

A helium atom beam can even probe surfaces in the presence of electromagnetic fields and during ultra-high vacuum surface processing without interfering with the ongoing process. Because of this, helium atoms can be useful to make measurements of sputtering or annealing, and adsorbate layer depositions.


Question: Fishing Creek and Stony Creek are both tributaries of what river in Pennsylvania?

Answer: They're tributaries of the Susquehanna River.

Fishing Creek is a 29.98-mile (48.25 km) long tributary of the Susquehanna River in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It joins the Susquehanna River near the census-designated place of Rupert and the town of Bloomsburg. The watershed has an area of 385 square miles (1,000 km 2 ).

Stony Creek (also known as Stoney Creek or Rausch Creek) is a 23.0-mile-long (37.0 km) tributary of the Susquehanna River in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Stony Creek joins the Susquehanna River at the borough of Dauphin .


Question: The passerine Cyanocitta cristata can occupy a variety of what kind of habitats?

Answer: Pine woods of Florida to the spruce - fir forests of northern Ontario.

The Blue Jay ( Cyanocitta cristata) is a passerine bird in the faimily Corvidae, native tae North Americae. It bides throu maist o eastren an central Unitit States an soothren Canadae, altho wastren populations mey be migratory.

The blue jay occupies a variety of habitats within its large range, from the pine woods of Florida to the spruce - fir forests of northern Ontario. It is less abundant in denser forests, preferring mixed woodlands with oaks and beeches.


Question: While scapulimancy is the correct term for divination with ox shoulder bones, what term should be used if turtle bones are used?

Answer: Plastromancy

Scapulimancy is the correct term if ox scapulae were used for the divination, plastromancy if turtle plastrons were used. Kap-kut ( lit.) Diviners would submit questions to deities regarding future weather, crop planting, the fortunes of members of the royal family, military endeavors, and other similar topics.

Scapulimancy (also spelled scapulomancy and scapulamancy, also termed omoplatoscopy or speal bone reading) is the practice of divination by use of scapulae or speal bones (shoulder blades).


Question: What are a type of pyranoflavonoids that the different classes of are carboxypyranoanthocyanins, methylpyranoanthocyanins, pyranoanthocyanin-flavanols, pyranoanthocyanin-phenols, portisins, oxovitisins and pyranoanthocyanin dimers?

Answer: pyranoanthocyanins

The pyranoanthocyanins are a type of pyranoflavonoids. They are chemical compounds formed in red wines by yeast during fermentation processes or during controlled oxygenation processes during the aging of wine.

The different classes of pyranoanthocyanins are carboxypyranoanthocyanins, methylpyranoanthocyanins, pyranoanthocyanin-flavanols, pyranoanthocyanin-phenols, portisins, oxovitisins and pyranoanthocyanin dimers; their general structure includes an additional ring (formed between the OH group at C-5 and the C-4 of the anthocyanin pyranic ring) that may have different substituents linked directly at C-10.


Question: The world's busiest airports by passenger traffic are measured by what, the number of which is measured in persons and includes any passenger that arrives at, departs from or is on a transit from that airport?

Answer: Total passengers

The number of total passengers for an airport is measured in persons and includes any passenger that arrives at, departs from or is on a transit from that airport. The number of total aircraft movements is measured in airplane-times and includes all the takeoffs and landings of all kinds of aircraft in scheduled or charter conditions.

The world's busiest airports by passenger traffic are measured by total passengers (data from Airports Council International ), defined as passengers enplaned plus passengers deplaned plus direct-transit passengers.


Question: In the factorization domain, any integral domain satisfying what, is considered one?

Answer: The ascending chain condition on principal ideals.

In mathematics, more specifically ring theory, an atomic domain or factorization domain is an integral domain in which every non-zero non-unit can be written in at least one way as a finite product of irreducible elements.

More generally, any integral domain satisfying the ascending chain condition on principal ideals (i.e. the ACCP), is an atomic domain. Although the converse is claimed to hold in Cohn's paper, this is known to be false. The term "atomic" is due to P. M. Cohn, who called an irreducible element of an integral domain an "atom".


Question: The Pont de Normandie and Duge are both what?

Answer: Bridges.

The Pont de Normandie (English: Normandy Bridge) is a cable-stayed road bridge that spans the river Seine linking Le Havre to Honfleur in Normandy, northern France. Its total length is 2,143.21 metres (7,032 ft) – 856 metres (2,808 ft) between the two piers.

This bridge spans a deep river gorge. The bridge's two towers, built on either rim of the gorge, are 269 m (883 ft) tall, but due to the depth of the river gorge, the deck height of the Duge Bridge is 565 m (1,854 ft). The Millau Viaduct is a cable-stayed bridge that is both tall (in structural height) and high (in deck height).


Question: What aircraft with distinctive twin booms and a central nacelle was the aircraft of America's top aces in the Pacific Theater of Operations?

Answer: The P-38 was the aircraft of America's top aces, Richard Bong (40 victories), Thomas McGuire (38 victories) and Charles H. MacDonald (27 victories).

Developed for the United States Army Air Corps, the P-38 had distinctive twin booms and a central nacelle containing the cockpit and armament. Allied propaganda claimed it had been nicknamed the fork-tailed devil ( German: der Gabelschwanz-Teufel) by the Luftwaffe and "two planes, one pilot" by the Japanese.

The P-38 was used most successfully in the Pacific Theater of Operations and the China-Burma-India Theater of Operations as the aircraft of America's top aces, Richard Bong (40 victories), Thomas McGuire (38 victories) and Charles H. MacDonald (27 victories). In the South West Pacific theater, the P-38 was the primary long-range fighter of United States Army Air Forces until the introduction of large numbers of P-51D Mustangs toward the end of the war.[13][14]


Question: How many years after Valdemar II became the Danish king did  Valdemar III Abelsøn die?

Answer: 55 years

Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark. titled dux slesvicensis (i.e. Sleswickian duke), represented by the regent Bishop Valdemar Knudsen (1182–1193), Valdemar II became Danish king in 1202. Minor duke as co-duke of Valdemar II. Minor duke as co-duke of Valdemar II. Also king of Denmark from 1250. Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.

Valdemar III Abelsøn (died 1257) was Duke of Schleswig from 1253 until his death in 1257. He was the eldest son of King Abel of Denmark, Duke of Schleswig and Matilda of Holstein .


Question: Axiomatic and field are both types of what?

Answer: Theory

In an axiomatic theory, relations between primitive notions are restricted by axioms. Some authors refer to the latter as "defining" primitive notions by one or more axioms, but this can be misleading.

In field theory, a branch of mathematics, a primitive polynomial is the minimal polynomial of a primitive element of the finite extension field GF ( pm ).


Question: What type of text distinguishes each player from others wearing the same uniform and were traditionally assigned based on a player's position or reputation on the field?

Answer: Numbers.

Numbers were traditionally assigned based on a player's position or reputation on the field, with the starting 11 players wearing 1 to 11, and the substitutes wearing higher numbers. The goalkeeper would generally wear number 1, then defenders, midfield players and forwards in ascending order.

It distinguishes each player from others wearing the same uniform. This is so that officials, scorers and spectators have something to identify each player. The number is usually shown on the back of the jersey.


Question: Charles Ulm disappeared along with copilot G.M. Littlejohn and navigator/radio operator J.S. Skilling piloting what vehicle of which the Shinshin is an example?

Answer: An aircraft

ATD-X is an acronym for "Advanced Technology Demonstrator – X". The aircraft is widely known in Japan as Shinshin (心神, meaning "mind" or "spirit.") although the name itself is an early code name within the Japan Self-Defense Forces and is not officially in use.

The duo were on their final leg of the flight that went from Seville to Mexico City . Charles Ulm disappeared along with copilot G.M. Littlejohn and navigator/radio operator J.S. Skilling. It is most probable that the aircraft overflew Hawaii.


Question: Amphiprion ephippium and Amphiprion ocellaris are both species of what?

Answer: Marine fish.

The red saddleback anemonefish, Amphiprion ephippium, also known as the saddle anemonefish, is a  marine fishbelonging to the familyPomacentridae, the clownfishesand damselfishes. Red saddleback anemonefish

The ocellaris clownfish ( Amphiprion ocellaris) is a marine fish of the family Pomacentridae. Reaching about 110 mm (4.3 in) in length, the species may have a range of colors. After clownfish hatch, they initially reside near the surface.


Question: In the Cambodian province with the largest city Ta Khmao, what Metropolitan Area is it also a part of?

Answer: The greater Phnom Penh Metropolitan Area.

The province is also a part of the greater Phnom Penh Metropolitan Area with more than a million people living in and around the province. While traveling out of Phnom Penh, the boundary between the two provinces is nearly unrecognizable. The province consists of the typical plain wet area, covering rice fields and other agricultural plantations.

Kandal is a province in Cambodia. Its capital and largest city is Ta Khmao. Kandal Province completely surrounds the national capital Phnom Penh . The province has two of the biggest rivers in the country, the Bassac and Mekong Rivers .


Question: San Diego County and Riverside are both names of what?

Answer: Counties

The San Pasqual Band of Diegueño Mission Indians of California is a federally recognized tribe of Kumeyaay people, who are sometimes known as Mission Indians . /  33.21139°N 116.96111°W  / 33.21139; -116.96111 ) is a federal reservation, located in northeastern San Diego County, California, near Valley Center.

The band is made up of the Yuhaviatam clan of Serrano people, who have traditionally lived in the San Bernardino Mountains. The other federally recognized Serrano tribe is the Morongo Band of Mission Indians, located in Riverside County, California .


Question: The Outaouais is a western region of what area that has a neighboring city called Ottawa?

Answer: Quebec.

The National Capital Region ( French: Région de la capitale nationale ), also referred to as Canada's Capital Region and Ottawa–Gatineau (formerly Ottawa–Hull ), is an official federal designation for the Canadian capital of Ottawa, Ontario, the neighbouring city of Gatineau, Quebec, and surrounding urban and rural communities.

Outaouais ( / uːtəweɪ /, French pronunciation:  [utawɛ]; also commonly called The Outaouais) is a region of western Quebec, Canada. It includes the city of Gatineau (Hull, Aylmer, Gatineau, Masson-Angers, Buckingham), the Pontiac region, and the town of Maniwaki.


Question: The American children's television series conceived by Bob Keeshan ran for how many years?

Answer: Captain Kangaroo ran for 29 years, from 1955 to 1984.

The show was conceived by Bob Keeshan, who also played the title character "Captain Kangaroo", and who based the show on "the warm relationship between grandparents and children". Keeshan had portrayed the original Clarabell the Clown on NBC 's The Howdy Doody Show during its early years.

Captain Kangaroo is an American children's television series that aired weekday mornings on the American television network CBS for 29 years, from 1955 to 1984, making it the longest-running nationally broadcast children's television program of its day.[2][3] In 1986, the American Program Service (now American Public Television, Boston) integrated some newly produced segments into reruns of past episodes, distributing the newer version of the series to PBS and independent public stations until 1993.


Question: The magnesium-dependent polymerase used in PCR reactions has what kind of error rate, out of 10,000?

Answer: The Taq enzyme results in a high error rate (mutations per nucleotide per cycle) of approximately 1 in 10,000 bases.

Taq polymerase is a magnesium-dependent enzyme and determining the optimum concentration to use is critical to the success of the PCR reaction.

Taq polymerase lacks a 3′ to 5′ exonuclease activity. Thus, Taq has no error-proof-reading activity, which consists of excision of any newly misincorporated nucleotide base from the nascent (i.e., extending) DNA strand that does not match with its opposite base in the complementary DNA strand. The lack in 3′ to 5′ proofreading of the Taq enzyme results in a high error rate (mutations per nucleotide per cycle) of approximately 1 in 10,000 bases, which affects the fidelity of the PCR, especially if errors occur early in the PCR with low amounts of starting material, causing accumulation of a large proportion of amplified DNA with incorrect sequence in the final product.[3]


Question: How do users of synthetic androgens that are structurally related and have similar effects to testosterone typically learn about the substances they take?

Answer: AAS users research the substances they take by consulting friends, non-medical handbooks, internet-based forums, blogs, and fitness magazines.

Anabolic steroids, also known more properly as anabolic–androgenic steroids ( AAS ), are steroidal androgens that include natural androgens like testosterone as well as synthetic androgens that are structurally related and have similar effects to testosterone.

AAS users tend to research the drugs they are taking more than other controlled-substance users; however, the major sources consulted by steroid users include friends, non-medical handbooks, internet-based forums, blogs, and fitness magazines, which can provide questionable or inaccurate information.


Question: What expansion of solids in response to heating and contraction of cooling cannot be understood without a basic understanding of the derivative?

Answer: Coefficient of thermal expansion

Solids mostly expand in response to heating and contract on cooling. This response to temperature change is expressed as its coefficient of thermal expansion . These characteristics are closely related. The volumetric thermal expansion coefficient can be measured for all substances of condensed matter ( liquids and solid state).

Ultimately, the coefficient of thermal expansion cannot be understood without a rudimentary understanding of the derivative. Much of the previous article was thrashing around due to an incomplete or improper understanding of this concept.


Question: How many species of fish are in the family that includes a genus whose name is derived from the Greek for "climbing up"?

Answer: There are about 51 species of fish in the family Ambassidae, which includes the genus Ambassis, whose name is derived from the Greek for "climbing up".

Ambassis is a genus of fish in the family Ambassidae, the Asiatic glassfishes. They are found widely in the Indo-Pacific region, with species in fresh, brackish and coastal marine waters. This genus includes fish known commonly as glassies, perchlets, and common glassfishes. The genus name was derived from the Greek anabasis, meaning 'climbing up'.

The Asiatic glassfishes are a family, the Ambassidae, of freshwater and marine fishes that were formerly classified in the order Perciformes, but most authorities consider this order to be paraphyletic and that the Ambassidae are of uncertain affinities, incertae sedis, but within the subseries Ovalentaria.[2] The species in the family are native to Asia, Oceania, the Indian Ocean, and the western Pacific Ocean. The family includes eight genera and about 51 species.


Question: Who developed the form of Judaism practiced by atheists?

Answer: Rabbi Sherwin Wine founded Humanistic Judaism.

Jewish atheists who practice Humanistic Judaism embrace Jewish culture and history, rather than belief in a supernatural god, as the sources of their Jewish identity. One study found that only 48% of self-identified Jews believe in God.

In its current form, Humanistic Judaism was founded in 1963 by Rabbi Sherwin Wine. As a rabbi trained in Reform Judaism, with a small secular, non-theistic congregation in Michigan, Wine developed a Jewish liturgy that reflected his and his congregation's philosophical viewpoint by emphasizing Jewish culture, history, and identity along with Humanistic ethics, while excluding all prayers and references to God.


Question: The Hokkaido Prefectural Board of Education and Technical High School attached to the School of Engineering are both located in what country?

Answer: Japan

The following is a comprehensive list of high schools in Japan : This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. Technical High School attached to the School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology [5]

The Hokkaido Prefectural Board of Education (北海道教育委員会, Hokkaidō kyōiku iinkai) is a board of education that mainly oversees public schools in Hokkaido, Japan. The board directly oversees high schools and provides educational services in Hokkaido.


Question: The Hindu Rajarajeswaram and the Brihadeeswarar near the village of Gangaikonda Cholapuram are both types of what?

Answer: Temples.

Peruvudaiyaar Temple, also called Rajarajeswaram , is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in South bank of Kaveri river in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the largest South Indian temples and an exemplary example of a fully realized Tamil architecture.

The Brihadeeswarar Temple is located near the village of Gangaikonda Cholapuram, about 280 kilometres (170 mi) southwest of Chennai and 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Chidambaram.


Question: Shikomizue and a pike are both what?

Answer: Weapons involving poles.

A pike is a pole weapon, a very long thrusting spear formerly used extensively by infantry.

First column header Prime example for comparison (weapon style/usage notation) Cane sword – under rapier heading due to its blade function. Shikomizue – under long truncheons due to its scabbard form. A pole with a weaponized tip; often used to counter mounted cavalry or to aid in infantry charges. Their benefit is their reach.


Question: Emperor Wuzong of Tang was a zealous what?

Answer: Taoist

Emperor Wuzong of Tang, reigned 840–846. The Huichang Persecution of Buddhism was initiated by Tang Emperor Wuzong during the Huichang era (841-845). Among its purposes were to appropriate war funds and to cleanse China of foreign influences.

A zealous Taoist, Wuzong considered Buddhism a foreign religion that was harmful to Chinese society. One notable victim of the persecution was the Japanese Tendai monk Ennin . Among its purposes were to raise war funds and to cleanse China of foreign influences.


Question: 58.41% of the total population lives in the rural areas in what subdivision that is 34 kilometres (21 mi) from Siliguri?

Answer: Kurseong

In the Kurseong subdivision 58.41% of the total population lives in the rural areas and 41.59% lives in the urban areas. There are 78 tea gardens/ estates (the figure varies slightly according to different sources), in the district, producing and largely exporting Darjeeling tea.

Kurseong is 34 kilometres (21 mi) from Siliguri and is connected to the city by road and the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway. The nearest airport is at Bagdogra and the nearest major railway station is New Jalpaiguri, which is about 45 kilometres (28 mi) from the town. The economy is based primarily on education and tourism.


Question: Were Richard II and Edgar the Peaceful more or less likely than other European monarchs to use the eagle in their heraldry?

Answer: Less likely

Edgar the Peaceful was the first English king to be crowned with an actual crown, and a sceptre was also introduced for his coronation in 973. After crowns, sceptres were the most potent symbols of royal authority in medieval England.

The depiction of the heraldic eagle is subject to a great range of variation in style. The eagle was far more common in continental European —particularly German —than English heraldry, and it most frequently appears Sable (colored black) with its beak and claws Or (colored gold or yellow).

It is an extremely rare survival of a late Medieval religious panel painting from England. The diptych was painted for King Richard II of England, who is depicted kneeling before the Virgin and Child in what is known as a donor portrait.