"""Quick RGB preview of one Bricker sample (numpy + Pillow only, no model).

    python scripts/visualize.py <sample_dir> [--frame I3] [-o preview.png]

This is a fast *approximate* render: bilinear demosaic -> white balance -> camera-to-sRGB
matrix -> 2.2 gamma.  It deliberately does not use the network-based ISP that produced the
shipped ``rgb_*.png`` files (see ``tools/`` for that).  Use this to get a rough look at the
RAW data, or just open the shipped ``rgb_I1..I5.png`` / ``rgb_gt.png``.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import argparse
import os

import numpy as np
from PIL import Image

WHITE_LEVEL = 1023.0
GAMMA = 2.2
MU = 5000.0
XYZ2SRGB = np.array(
    [[3.2404542, -1.5371385, -0.4985314],
     [-0.9692660, 1.8760108, 0.0415560],
     [0.0556434, -0.2040259, 1.0572252]],
    dtype=np.float32,
)


def _lossless_gains(as_shot_neutral) -> np.ndarray:
    """Neutral values for the three demosaiced channels (R, G, B)."""
    n = np.asarray(as_shot_neutral, dtype=np.float32).reshape(-1)
    if n.size == 4:  # packed RGGB -> demosaiced RGB (G = mean of G1, G2)
        return np.array([n[0], 0.5 * (n[1] + n[2]), n[3]], dtype=np.float32)
    return n[:3]


def cam_to_srgb(rgb: np.ndarray, color_matrix_1) -> np.ndarray:
    """Camera RGB -> XYZ -> sRGB, matching the pipeline used for the shipped renders."""
    xyz2cam = np.asarray(color_matrix_1, dtype=np.float32).reshape(3, 3)
    xyz2cam = xyz2cam / np.sum(xyz2cam, axis=1, keepdims=True)
    cam2xyz = np.linalg.inv(xyz2cam)
    xyz = np.clip(np.einsum("ij,hwj->hwi", cam2xyz, rgb), 0.0, 1.0)
    m = XYZ2SRGB / np.sum(XYZ2SRGB, axis=1, keepdims=True)
    return np.clip(np.einsum("ij,hwj->hwi", m, xyz), 0.0, 1.0)


def _filter3(img: np.ndarray, kernel: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
    """3x3 'same' convolution with edge padding (numpy only)."""
    p = np.pad(img, 1, mode="edge")
    out = np.zeros_like(img)
    for dy in range(3):
        for dx in range(3):
            out += kernel[dy, dx] * p[dy:dy + img.shape[0], dx:dx + img.shape[1]]
    return out


def unpack_bayer(raw4: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
    """(Hp, Wp, 4) packed RGGB -> (2Hp, 2Wp) single-channel Bayer."""
    h, w, _ = raw4.shape
    bayer = np.zeros((2 * h, 2 * w), dtype=np.float32)
    bayer[0::2, 0::2] = raw4[..., 0]  # R
    bayer[0::2, 1::2] = raw4[..., 1]  # G1
    bayer[1::2, 0::2] = raw4[..., 2]  # G2
    bayer[1::2, 1::2] = raw4[..., 3]  # B
    return bayer


def bilinear_demosaic(bayer: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
    """Classic bilinear demosaic for an RGGB mosaic -> (H, W, 3) RGB."""
    k = np.array([[1, 2, 1], [2, 4, 2], [1, 2, 1]], dtype=np.float32) / 4.0
    planes = []
    for dy, dx in ((0, 0), (1, 1)):  # R at (0,0), B at (1,1); green handled below
        mask = np.zeros_like(bayer)
        mask[dy::2, dx::2] = 1.0
        num = _filter3(bayer * mask, k)
        den = _filter3(mask, k)
        planes.append(num / np.maximum(den, 1e-8))
    # green sits on a checkerboard: (0,1) and (1,0)
    gmask = np.zeros_like(bayer)
    gmask[0::2, 1::2] = 1.0
    gmask[1::2, 0::2] = 1.0
    green = _filter3(bayer * gmask, k) / np.maximum(_filter3(gmask, k), 1e-8)
    return np.stack([planes[0], green, planes[1]], axis=-1)


def render(raw4: np.ndarray, meta: dict, curve: str = "mu") -> np.ndarray:
    """(Hp, Wp, 4) uint16/float raw -> uint8 RGB image."""
    raw = raw4.astype(np.float32)
    raw = raw / WHITE_LEVEL if raw4.dtype == np.uint16 else np.clip(raw, 0.0, 1.0)

    rgb = bilinear_demosaic(unpack_bayer(raw))
    rgb = rgb / np.maximum(_lossless_gains(meta["AsShotNeutral"]), 1e-6)
    rgb = cam_to_srgb(np.clip(rgb, 0.0, 4.0), meta["ColorMatrix1"])
    if curve == "mu":
        rgb = np.log1p(MU * np.clip(rgb, 0.0, None)) / np.log1p(MU)
    else:
        rgb = np.power(np.clip(rgb, 0.0, 1.0), 1.0 / GAMMA)
    return (np.clip(rgb, 0.0, 1.0) * 255.0 + 0.5).astype(np.uint8)


def main() -> None:
    ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
    ap.add_argument("sample_dir")
    ap.add_argument("--frame", default="I3", choices=["I1", "I2", "I3", "I4", "I5", "gt"])
    ap.add_argument("-o", "--out", default=None, help="output PNG (default: preview_<frame>.png next to the sample)")
    ap.add_argument("--curve", default="auto", choices=["auto", "mu", "gamma"],
                    help="display curve: auto = mu for real/, gamma for syn/ (same as the shipped renders)")
    args = ap.parse_args()

    curve = args.curve
    if curve == "auto":
        curve = "gamma" if f"{os.sep}syn{os.sep}" in args.sample_dir or "syn/" in args.sample_dir else "mu"

    meta = np.load(os.path.join(args.sample_dir, "metadata.npy"), allow_pickle=True).item()
    raw = np.load(os.path.join(args.sample_dir, f"raw_{args.frame}.npy"))
    out = args.out or os.path.join(args.sample_dir, f"preview_{args.frame}.png")
    Image.fromarray(render(raw, meta, curve)).save(out)
    print(f"wrote {out}  ({raw.shape[1] * 2} x {raw.shape[0] * 2}, curve={curve})")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()