index int64 35 229k | q_id stringlengths 5 6 | question stringlengths 3 299 | best_answer stringlengths 13 11.8k | all_answers list | num_answers int64 1 181 | top_answers list | num_top_answers int64 0 58 | context stringlengths 1k 14.5k | orig stringlengths 1.08k 14.5k | target stringlengths 21 11.8k |
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116,579 | 1dcf6a | Was the Holodomor of 1932-33 genocide of the Ukrainians or did Stalin not mean to target them especially? | This question was asked twice recently: Here are the links._URL_1__URL_0_ | [
"This question was asked twice recently: Here are the links.\n\n_URL_1_\n\n_URL_0_"
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> number of deaths by starvation in Ukraine may never be precisely known. That said, the most recent demographic studies suggest that over 4 million Ukrainians perished in the first six months of 1933 alone, a figure that increases if population losses from 1931, 1932 and 1934 are also included, along with those from... | question: Was the Holodomor of 1932-33 genocide of the Ukrainians or did Stalin not mean to target them especially? context: <P> number of deaths by starvation in Ukraine may never be precisely known. That said, the most recent demographic studies suggest that over 4 million Ukrainians perished in the first six months ... | answer: This question was asked twice recently: Here are the links._URL_1__URL_0_ |
140,122 | 1qxxmc | can somebody explain the cloud services such as dropbox? | Dropbox has software that automagically synchronizes those files between all your devices, and lets your share them with other people.So you could configure you cell phone's camera to store files in a Dropbox folder, and they will show up on any computer you have Dropbox installed on, without the bother of having to do... | [
"Dropbox has software that automagically synchronizes those files between all your devices, and lets your share them with other people.\n\nSo you could configure you cell phone's camera to store files in a Dropbox folder, and they will show up on any computer you have Dropbox installed on, without the bother of hav... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> M. Satyanarayanan, Victor Bahl, Ramón Cáceres, and Nigel Davies, and a prototype implementation is developed by Carnegie Mellon University as a research project. The concept of cloudlet is also known as follow me cloud, and mobile micro-cloud. Motivation Many mobile services split the application into a front-end c... | question: can somebody explain the cloud services such as dropbox? context: <P> M. Satyanarayanan, Victor Bahl, Ramón Cáceres, and Nigel Davies, and a prototype implementation is developed by Carnegie Mellon University as a research project. The concept of cloudlet is also known as follow me cloud, and mobile micro-clo... | answer: Dropbox has software that automagically synchronizes those files between all your devices, and lets your share them with other people.So you could configure you cell phone's camera to store files in a Dropbox folder, and they will show up on any computer you have Dropbox installed on, without the bother of havi... |
77,367 | 3xa17s | why do big corporations ask clients to donate for a certain cause when they already have tons of money to do so? | It's to make people who buy their product know that they are donating money. You would not know that bob's store donates to orphans if he didn't make it a 3 month campaign with logos and made you buy his stuff to match donations. An ad in the local news doesn't do as much as a logo on their product all over the state. | [
"It's to make people who buy their product know that they are donating money. \n\nYou would not know that bob's store donates to orphans if he didn't make it a 3 month campaign with logos and made you buy his stuff to match donations. \n\nAn ad in the local news doesn't do as much as a logo on their product all ove... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> raise proceeds for the cause. <P> Wildlife Fund. Today some charities have modernized, and allow people to donate online, through websites such as JustGiving. Originally charity entailed the benefactor directly giving the goods to the receiver. This practice was continued by some individuals, for example, "CNN Her... | question: why do big corporations ask clients to donate for a certain cause when they already have tons of money to do so? context: <P> raise proceeds for the cause. <P> Wildlife Fund. Today some charities have modernized, and allow people to donate online, through websites such as JustGiving. Originally charity entail... | answer: It's to make people who buy their product know that they are donating money. You would not know that bob's store donates to orphans if he didn't make it a 3 month campaign with logos and made you buy his stuff to match donations. An ad in the local news doesn't do as much as a logo on their product all over the... |
6,995 | 1kgtrw | how do/did pirate radio stations get shut down? | Probably using a dish antenna, like satellite TV uses, and triangulation. The antenna picks up signal strongest from where it is pointing at, so they take three readings from three different places and trace the lines back to the source. Assuming that the signal is all they have to go on, this might take several tries,... | [
"Probably using a dish antenna, like satellite TV uses, and triangulation. The antenna picks up signal strongest from where it is pointing at, so they take three readings from three different places and trace the lines back to the source. Assuming that the signal is all they have to go on, this might take several t... | 1 | [
"Probably using a dish antenna, like satellite TV uses, and triangulation. The antenna picks up signal strongest from where it is pointing at, so they take three readings from three different places and trace the lines back to the source. Assuming that the signal is all they have to go on, this might take several t... | 1 | <P> Allston from the descriptive “Pirate Radio” by providing a community service in the form of news programming, senior citizen shows, minority forums, and interviews with local businesses, politicians, artists, and social activists. In addition, a wide range of music programming included, but was not limited to, Hip-... | question: how do/did pirate radio stations get shut down? context: <P> Allston from the descriptive “Pirate Radio” by providing a community service in the form of news programming, senior citizen shows, minority forums, and interviews with local businesses, politicians, artists, and social activists. In addition, a wid... | answer: Probably using a dish antenna, like satellite TV uses, and triangulation. The antenna picks up signal strongest from where it is pointing at, so they take three readings from three different places and trace the lines back to the source. Assuming that the signal is all they have to go on, this might take severa... |
223,936 | 6hj84s | When did China start having conceptions of race? What is the history of race in China? | This doesn't answer your historical question, but it might be worth clearing up what people mean today by saying that race is a social construct.There are different ethnicities in the world, but our decision to group different ethnicities together into large umbrellas of "race" is the social construct that most people ... | [
"This doesn't answer your historical question, but it might be worth clearing up what people mean today by saying that race is a social construct.\n\nThere are different ethnicities in the world, but our decision to group different ethnicities together into large umbrellas of \"race\" is the social construct that m... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> with women from plains aboriginal groups. The human leukocyte antigen typing study and mitochondrial DNA analysis performed in recent years show that more than 88% of the Taiwanese population have some degree of aboriginal origin (Sim 2003).
A 2009 doctoral dissertation questions such findings and claims that "the ... | question: When did China start having conceptions of race? What is the history of race in China? context: <P> with women from plains aboriginal groups. The human leukocyte antigen typing study and mitochondrial DNA analysis performed in recent years show that more than 88% of the Taiwanese population have some degree o... | answer: This doesn't answer your historical question, but it might be worth clearing up what people mean today by saying that race is a social construct.There are different ethnicities in the world, but our decision to group different ethnicities together into large umbrellas of "race" is the social construct that most... |
27,052 | 4e1t8g | intel turbo boost, why not just keep it at the frequency that it is turbo boost at instead of a lower frequency? i.e 2.4ghz normal 3.2ghz turbo? | There are multiple reasons for a turbo speed vs what is the nominal max speed. In fact, most processors don't run at max unless stressed. I will use my own 4790k as a example. This has a max speed of 4GHz and a turbo speed of 4.4GHz.Let's imagine it like a car engine. On normal running, the car engine runs at low speed... | [
"At the higher speeds, more heat is generated. This can be dealt with for some period of time, but can't be supported full time. Thus, when the processor is less stressed, it runs at a lower speed to avoid cooking itself.",
"There are multiple reasons for a turbo speed vs what is the nominal max speed. In fact, m... | 2 | [
"There are multiple reasons for a turbo speed vs what is the nominal max speed. In fact, most processors don't run at max unless stressed. I will use my own 4790k as a example. This has a max speed of 4GHz and a turbo speed of 4.4GHz.\n\nLet's imagine it like a car engine. \n\nOn normal running, the car engine runs... | 1 | <P> like the CFM56 is better suited to higher temperatures encountered supersonically.
The engine is a compromise between a big core for power and a small fan for wave drag, and Mach 1.4 is a compromise between higher speed and enough range.
The high-pressure core is derived from the eight-stage compressor and single-s... | question: intel turbo boost, why not just keep it at the frequency that it is turbo boost at instead of a lower frequency? i.e 2.4ghz normal 3.2ghz turbo? context: <P> like the CFM56 is better suited to higher temperatures encountered supersonically.
The engine is a compromise between a big core for power and a small f... | answer: There are multiple reasons for a turbo speed vs what is the nominal max speed. In fact, most processors don't run at max unless stressed. I will use my own 4790k as a example. This has a max speed of 4GHz and a turbo speed of 4.4GHz.Let's imagine it like a car engine. On normal running, the car engine runs at l... |
60,288 | 7wxe3e | how does gene-editing on a live person work? | Viruses are tiny machines which have evolved up around us to insert themselves into our DNA and start churning out copies of themselves. They are really good at what they do. It's actually believed that around 70% of our DNA is fragments of ancient viruses which got in, didn't kill us, and never left.If viruses are cel... | [
"Viruses are tiny machines which have evolved up around us to insert themselves into our DNA and start churning out copies of themselves. They are really good at what they do. It's actually believed that around 70% of our DNA is fragments of ancient viruses which got in, didn't kill us, and never left.\n\nIf viruse... | 2 | [
"Viruses are tiny machines which have evolved up around us to insert themselves into our DNA and start churning out copies of themselves. They are really good at what they do. It's actually believed that around 70% of our DNA is fragments of ancient viruses which got in, didn't kill us, and never left.\n\nIf viruse... | 1 | <P> Lee Prize for Science and Technology Progress.
In 2017, Chen and his collaborator, Deng Hongkui of Peking University, used CRISPR gene editing to transplant human HSCs with the edited CCR5 gene to mice, and conferred HIV resistance to the animals. They subsequently used the technique to treat an AIDS patient who su... | question: how does gene-editing on a live person work? context: <P> Lee Prize for Science and Technology Progress.
In 2017, Chen and his collaborator, Deng Hongkui of Peking University, used CRISPR gene editing to transplant human HSCs with the edited CCR5 gene to mice, and conferred HIV resistance to the animals. They... | answer: Viruses are tiny machines which have evolved up around us to insert themselves into our DNA and start churning out copies of themselves. They are really good at what they do. It's actually believed that around 70% of our DNA is fragments of ancient viruses which got in, didn't kill us, and never left.If viruses... |
169,599 | 27yv3m | how can some companies refuse to accept cash? what happened to "good for all debts public and private"? | Cash is " legal tender for all debts, public charges, taxes, and due" but there are no laws (at least on the federal level, states/counties/cities may differ) that compels businesses to accept paper money. They can choose which way they accept that tender, be it paper money, electronic, or check. | [
"Cash is \" legal tender for all debts, public charges, taxes, and due\" but there are no laws (at least on the federal level, states/counties/cities may differ) that compels businesses to accept paper money. They can choose which way they accept that tender, be it paper money, electronic, or check. ",
"It is per... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> at any time to surrender the goods that are subject to the credit agreement, whether or not the consumer is in default. This provision is discussed in detail above. Unlawful collection practices A credit provider may not use an identity document, credit or debit card, access card or PIN to enforce a credit agreemen... | question: how can some companies refuse to accept cash? what happened to "good for all debts public and private"? context: <P> at any time to surrender the goods that are subject to the credit agreement, whether or not the consumer is in default. This provision is discussed in detail above. Unlawful collection practice... | answer: Cash is " legal tender for all debts, public charges, taxes, and due" but there are no laws (at least on the federal level, states/counties/cities may differ) that compels businesses to accept paper money. They can choose which way they accept that tender, be it paper money, electronic, or check. |
131,904 | y94tj | I understand the basics of the gyroscopes but how is it they are used in guidance systems, how is it that it keeps maintaining current position and orientation? | The best way I've seen it explained, is this.Basically, you have a number of different sensors working together. Those sensors are good at some things, but not so good at others. Some examples and what they measure -- GPS - Position - Very stable over long periods of time, but not great for fine measurements. For examp... | [
"The best way I've seen it explained, is this.\n\nBasically, you have a number of different sensors working together. Those sensors are good at some things, but not so good at others. Some examples and what they measure -\n\n- GPS - Position - Very stable over long periods of time, but not great for fine measuremen... | 1 | [
"The best way I've seen it explained, is this.\n\nBasically, you have a number of different sensors working together. Those sensors are good at some things, but not so good at others. Some examples and what they measure -\n\n- GPS - Position - Very stable over long periods of time, but not great for fine measuremen... | 1 | <P> with. Quaternions offer a decent compromise in that they do not suffer from gimbal lock, and only require 4 values to fully describe the attitude. Relative attitude sensors Many sensors generate outputs that reflect the rate of change in attitude. These require a known initial attitude, or external information to ... | question: I understand the basics of the gyroscopes but how is it they are used in guidance systems, how is it that it keeps maintaining current position and orientation? context: <P> with. Quaternions offer a decent compromise in that they do not suffer from gimbal lock, and only require 4 values to fully describe th... | answer: The best way I've seen it explained, is this.Basically, you have a number of different sensors working together. Those sensors are good at some things, but not so good at others. Some examples and what they measure -- GPS - Position - Very stable over long periods of time, but not great for fine measurements. F... |
98,347 | b406mx | how does the automatic shutoff/ restart function on many newer cars work? does it provide any actual benefits? | Fuel savings. The engine is designed to require minimal effort to start, thus shutting off the engine at stops can result in a small fuel savings. | [
"Fuel savings. The engine is designed to require minimal effort to start, thus shutting off the engine at stops can result in a small fuel savings."
] | 1 | [
"Fuel savings. The engine is designed to require minimal effort to start, thus shutting off the engine at stops can result in a small fuel savings."
] | 1 | <P> Electronic throttle control Failure modes There is no mechanical linkage between the accelerator pedal and the throttle valve with electronic throttle control. Instead, the position of the throttle valve (i.e., the amount of air in the engine) is fully controlled by the ETC software via the electric motor. But ju... | question: how does the automatic shutoff/ restart function on many newer cars work? does it provide any actual benefits? context: <P> Electronic throttle control Failure modes There is no mechanical linkage between the accelerator pedal and the throttle valve with electronic throttle control. Instead, the position of ... | answer: Fuel savings. The engine is designed to require minimal effort to start, thus shutting off the engine at stops can result in a small fuel savings. |
89,460 | 1sa978 | why can't i bake things at higher temperatures, quicker? | The reason they need to be baked at certain temperatures for certain times is because the heat needs to permeate the food (conduction). The outside of the food is heated first, and the energy is slowly transferred to the inside. Making it too hot outside will destroy the food. (think burned chocolate chips)If you want ... | [
"The reason they need to be baked at certain temperatures for certain times is because the heat needs to permeate the food (conduction). The outside of the food is heated first, and the energy is slowly transferred to the inside. Making it too hot outside will destroy the food. (think burned chocolate chips)\n\nIf ... | 2 | [
"The reason they need to be baked at certain temperatures for certain times is because the heat needs to permeate the food (conduction). The outside of the food is heated first, and the energy is slowly transferred to the inside. Making it too hot outside will destroy the food. (think burned chocolate chips)\n\nIf ... | 2 | <P> US National Center for Home Food Preservation:
"Most food scientists cannot recommend cold-smoking methods because of the inherent risks." Cold smoking meats should only be attempted by personnel certified in HACCP, or Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points, to ensure that it is safely prepared. Warm smoking W... | question: why can't i bake things at higher temperatures, quicker? context: <P> US National Center for Home Food Preservation:
"Most food scientists cannot recommend cold-smoking methods because of the inherent risks." Cold smoking meats should only be attempted by personnel certified in HACCP, or Hazard Analysis and C... | answer: The reason they need to be baked at certain temperatures for certain times is because the heat needs to permeate the food (conduction). The outside of the food is heated first, and the energy is slowly transferred to the inside. Making it too hot outside will destroy the food. (think burned chocolate chips)If y... |
151,232 | 2uoooc | Is orbital speed "locked" to orbital altitude? | Assuming the mass of the satellite is very small compared to the mass of the object it is orbiting and assuming a circular orbit, the following holds:r = G M / v^2(r = distance from satellite to center of mass of celestial body, G = gravitational constant, M = mass of celestial body, v = speed)So 2 satellites orbiting ... | [
"Assuming the mass of the satellite is very small compared to the mass of the object it is orbiting and assuming a circular orbit, the following holds:\n\nr = G M / v^2\n(r = distance from satellite to center of mass of celestial body, G = gravitational constant, M = mass of celestial body, v = speed)\n\nSo 2 satel... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> control for nadir pointing making use of either momentum or reaction wheels as actuators. Based on the change in momentum of the wheels, the control law can be defined in 3-axes x, y, z as
This control algorithm also affects momentum dumping.
Another important and common control algorithm involves the concept of de... | question: Is orbital speed "locked" to orbital altitude? context: <P> control for nadir pointing making use of either momentum or reaction wheels as actuators. Based on the change in momentum of the wheels, the control law can be defined in 3-axes x, y, z as
This control algorithm also affects momentum dumping.
Another... | answer: Assuming the mass of the satellite is very small compared to the mass of the object it is orbiting and assuming a circular orbit, the following holds:r = G M / v^2(r = distance from satellite to center of mass of celestial body, G = gravitational constant, M = mass of celestial body, v = speed)So 2 satellites o... |
44,166 | 2nqc60 | How does kinetic energy work? | As simple as possible. Here is the eli5 versionThe majority of Power plants are based around the idea of boiling water to pressurized steam. The steam is then allowed to expand in a turbine. A turbine has lots of blades like a fan or a windmill, but they are designed for steam to push them. The steam expands, and pushe... | [
"It is all about transferring energy. If you have a rigid drive shaft and you apply torque on one end, you can turn a load that is on the other end. That is an example of transferring mechanical energy from A to B, and is similar to how a power line functions. At one end of the power line, a voltage drives electron... | 2 | [
"As simple as possible. Here is the eli5 version\n\nThe majority of Power plants are based around the idea of boiling water to pressurized steam. The steam is then allowed to expand in a turbine. A turbine has lots of blades like a fan or a windmill, but they are designed for steam to push them. The steam expands, ... | 1 | <P> the products have been stopped and cooled, however, as the extra mass must escape from the system as heat before its loss can be noticed, in theory.) On the other hand, if one must inject energy to separate a system of particles into its components, then the initial mass is less than that of the components after th... | question: How does kinetic energy work? context: <P> the products have been stopped and cooled, however, as the extra mass must escape from the system as heat before its loss can be noticed, in theory.) On the other hand, if one must inject energy to separate a system of particles into its components, then the initial ... | answer: As simple as possible. Here is the eli5 versionThe majority of Power plants are based around the idea of boiling water to pressurized steam. The steam is then allowed to expand in a turbine. A turbine has lots of blades like a fan or a windmill, but they are designed for steam to push them. The steam expands, a... |
47,696 | gu249 | Why would it be windier on Earth if there was no moon? | I suspect that the moon's gravitational pull has a stabilizing effect on the Earth's atmosphere. Just like with ocean tides, the moon creates atmospheric tides by pulling on the atmosphere. Without this constant force acting on it, the air in the atmosphere would be slightly more free to move around according to temper... | [
"I suspect that the moon's gravitational pull has a stabilizing effect on the Earth's atmosphere. Just like with ocean tides, the moon creates atmospheric tides by pulling on the atmosphere. Without this constant force acting on it, the air in the atmosphere would be slightly more free to move around according to t... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> Moon and Sun, there are fluctuating tides. These tidal fluctuations result in dissipation at an average rate of about 3.7 TW.
Another physical limitation is the energy available in the tidal fluctuations of the oceans, which is about 0.6 EJ (exajoule). Note this is only a tiny fraction of the total rotational energ... | question: Why would it be windier on Earth if there was no moon? context: <P> Moon and Sun, there are fluctuating tides. These tidal fluctuations result in dissipation at an average rate of about 3.7 TW.
Another physical limitation is the energy available in the tidal fluctuations of the oceans, which is about 0.6 EJ (... | answer: I suspect that the moon's gravitational pull has a stabilizing effect on the Earth's atmosphere. Just like with ocean tides, the moon creates atmospheric tides by pulling on the atmosphere. Without this constant force acting on it, the air in the atmosphere would be slightly more free to move around according t... |
192,598 | 1rjswg | how come we can see pictures of space probes as far as saturn if they are so far away? | No, the solar system is only a few light-hours wide, even if you include Pluto. | [
"No, the solar system is only a few light-hours wide, even if you include Pluto.",
" > Wouldn't the info take years to arrive?\n\nNo, it takes about an hour (I think) from the edge of the planetary solar system.\n\nIf it took a year, then it would be a light-year away which is 9.5×10^12 kilometers wheras Uranus ... | 3 | [] | 0 | <P> the New Horizons KBO Search (268) team using the Magellan II (Clay) telescope at the Las Campanas Observatory, located in the Atacama desert in Chile. Milestone image When the New Horizons spacecraft imaged 2012 HZ₈₄ in 2017, it was the farthest from Earth ever captured by a spacecraft. The image was taken by the s... | question: how come we can see pictures of space probes as far as saturn if they are so far away? context: <P> the New Horizons KBO Search (268) team using the Magellan II (Clay) telescope at the Las Campanas Observatory, located in the Atacama desert in Chile. Milestone image When the New Horizons spacecraft imaged 201... | answer: No, the solar system is only a few light-hours wide, even if you include Pluto. |
9,988 | 83a2jx | sometimes police can enter a house saying they have a warrant, but do not need to produce it for proof to the people in the house? | Under the Federal Constitution there is no requirement to show the warrant. There is a standard of reasonableness with regard to the manner of execution of the search or arrest, and some decisions have cited the display of the warrant, but the Supreme Court has affirmatively held it is not a requirement. Some states do... | [
"Under the Federal Constitution there is no requirement to show the warrant. There is a standard of reasonableness with regard to the manner of execution of the search or arrest, and some decisions have cited the display of the warrant, but the Supreme Court has affirmatively held it is not a requirement. \n\nSome ... | 2 | [
"Under the Federal Constitution there is no requirement to show the warrant. There is a standard of reasonableness with regard to the manner of execution of the search or arrest, and some decisions have cited the display of the warrant, but the Supreme Court has affirmatively held it is not a requirement. \n\nSome ... | 2 | <P> self-censorship. Although the constitution and law provide for the inviolability of the home and legal searches require judicial search warrants, police reportedly ignore legal procedures in the pursuit of criminal suspects or when it serves their personal interests. <P> when those funds become available, the US Su... | question: sometimes police can enter a house saying they have a warrant, but do not need to produce it for proof to the people in the house? context: <P> self-censorship. Although the constitution and law provide for the inviolability of the home and legal searches require judicial search warrants, police reportedly ig... | answer: Under the Federal Constitution there is no requirement to show the warrant. There is a standard of reasonableness with regard to the manner of execution of the search or arrest, and some decisions have cited the display of the warrant, but the Supreme Court has affirmatively held it is not a requirement. Some s... |
75,336 | 2n7z9z | why do you have to put your signature and initials when signing a legal document? | Your initials are just a short way of repeating your signature to show that (1) you specifically agree to key parts and (2) none of the middle pages were changed after you signed the last page. | [
"Contracts aren't magical papers that 100% binding at all times. Bits and pieces can frequently be thrown out in court - especially when it's contract that you have no room to negotiate on (a contract of cohesion) like the standard contracts you get when buying a cellphone.\n\nInitialing certain sections shows tha... | 2 | [
"Your initials are just a short way of repeating your signature to show that (1) you specifically agree to key parts and (2) none of the middle pages were changed after you signed the last page."
] | 1 | <P> are true. And I make this declaration conscientiously believing the same to be true and by virtue of the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835."
A standard form is used for a statutory declaration; one copy will be given to the applicant and the other is held on file. <P> it. Such an idea was again prop... | question: why do you have to put your signature and initials when signing a legal document? context: <P> are true. And I make this declaration conscientiously believing the same to be true and by virtue of the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835."
A standard form is used for a statutory declaration; one c... | answer: Your initials are just a short way of repeating your signature to show that (1) you specifically agree to key parts and (2) none of the middle pages were changed after you signed the last page. |
224,452 | 4fqrfv | why mustangs don't need anyone to maintain their hooves, but domesticated horses do? | Their hooves get worn down because they're almost constantly moving. Even when ridden all the time, domestic horses don't travel enough to significantly wear down their hooves because they're still stalled/pastured. In fact, a lot of farriers have taken to studying the shape of mustang hooves in order to find different... | [
"I'm not a horse expert, but I assume that people make domesticated horses walk where and when a wild one wouldn't.",
"Their hooves get worn down because they're almost constantly moving. Even when ridden all the time, domestic horses don't travel enough to significantly wear down their hooves because they're sti... | 2 | [
"Their hooves get worn down because they're almost constantly moving. Even when ridden all the time, domestic horses don't travel enough to significantly wear down their hooves because they're still stalled/pastured. In fact, a lot of farriers have taken to studying the shape of mustang hooves in order to find diff... | 1 | <P> of the skeleton, nerves, and muscles. These include calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and chloride, and are commonly found in most good-quality feeds. Horses also need trace minerals such as magnesium, selenium, copper, zinc, and iodine. Normally, if adult animals at maintenance levels are consuming fresh ha... | question: why mustangs don't need anyone to maintain their hooves, but domesticated horses do? context: <P> of the skeleton, nerves, and muscles. These include calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and chloride, and are commonly found in most good-quality feeds. Horses also need trace minerals such as magnesium, sel... | answer: Their hooves get worn down because they're almost constantly moving. Even when ridden all the time, domestic horses don't travel enough to significantly wear down their hooves because they're still stalled/pastured. In fact, a lot of farriers have taken to studying the shape of mustang hooves in order to find d... |
53,041 | 7hz0v6 | What were the primary weapons of Roman cavalry in the Republic and early Empire period? | Woo, question times! So to start with, I'll give you a quick rundown of the Roman cavalry and their general use et alla. From there, I'll discuss what we know (and what we don't) about their equipment. The Romans were pretty well known for two things, among many others: having a nigh-unstoppable infantry in the melee, ... | [
"Follow up question: \n\nwhat happened to a cavalryman who lost his horse during the march. Was he incorporated into the infantry or the auxiliary or was it \"below his status\"? If not, did the horseless guy continue to hang out with the legion or was he perhaps given a leave to find a new mount?",
"Woo, questio... | 2 | [
"Follow up question: \n\nwhat happened to a cavalryman who lost his horse during the march. Was he incorporated into the infantry or the auxiliary or was it \"below his status\"? If not, did the horseless guy continue to hang out with the legion or was he perhaps given a leave to find a new mount?",
"Woo, questio... | 2 | <P> who served under the command of the janna de Majore, the commander in charge of the security of the sovereign. The main armaments were the sword, chain mail, the shield, the helmet, and the birrudu, a weapon similar to the ancient verutum, the Roman javelin.
The militias of the ground and the infantry (birrudos) u... | question: What were the primary weapons of Roman cavalry in the Republic and early Empire period? context: <P> who served under the command of the janna de Majore, the commander in charge of the security of the sovereign. The main armaments were the sword, chain mail, the shield, the helmet, and the birrudu, a weapon ... | answer: Woo, question times! So to start with, I'll give you a quick rundown of the Roman cavalry and their general use et alla. From there, I'll discuss what we know (and what we don't) about their equipment. The Romans were pretty well known for two things, among many others: having a nigh-unstoppable infantry in the... |
185,178 | 4otw6s | why do most dogs move and make noise in their sleep, but most humans don't? | According to my other half all I do when I'm asleep is move and make noise. It would explain why I wake up tired sometimes.Just how many people have you observed sleeping to come to your conclusion? | [
"All dogs are different, just like people. My dog looks dead when he sleeps. Sometimes I feel like a jack ass cuz I wake him up to make sure. ",
"According to my other half all I do when I'm asleep is move and make noise. It would explain why I wake up tired sometimes.\n\nJust how many people have you observed sl... | 4 | [
"All dogs are different, just like people. My dog looks dead when he sleeps. Sometimes I feel like a jack ass cuz I wake him up to make sure. ",
"According to my other half all I do when I'm asleep is move and make noise. It would explain why I wake up tired sometimes.\n\nJust how many people have you observed sl... | 2 | <P> Dogs. <P> at night. <P> tall iceberg.
At the end of the picture, the sailor says if you listen carefully, you can to this day still hear the lullaby at night. Indeed, at the peak, the pair stand—both very old and grey now—with the bear holding the dog tenderly and singing "Rock-A-Bye Baby". <P> called "night walker... | question: why do most dogs move and make noise in their sleep, but most humans don't? context: <P> Dogs. <P> at night. <P> tall iceberg.
At the end of the picture, the sailor says if you listen carefully, you can to this day still hear the lullaby at night. Indeed, at the peak, the pair stand—both very old and grey now... | answer: According to my other half all I do when I'm asleep is move and make noise. It would explain why I wake up tired sometimes.Just how many people have you observed sleeping to come to your conclusion? |
181,142 | 4lb8vc | is there a known medical reason why some babies practically waltz out of the womb while others are a 28 hour ordeal? | No two pregnancies, labors, or births are the same. There are way too many variables to know exactly why one labor was long and another was short. Those variables include:Gestation age. If your body goes into labor early on its own, it will typically happen quickly. Sometimes Dr.s have to induce labor earlier than they... | [
"When people say I was in labour for X number of hours, it doesn't mean that they are pushing in a delivery room for that amount of time. Most people labour for at least 24 hours, some people just dont realize it or mistake some of the symptoms for the myriad of other pains they are feeling.",
"No two pregnancies... | 6 | [
"When people say I was in labour for X number of hours, it doesn't mean that they are pushing in a delivery room for that amount of time. Most people labour for at least 24 hours, some people just dont realize it or mistake some of the symptoms for the myriad of other pains they are feeling.",
"No two pregnancies... | 5 | <P> deprivation may occur from either cord prolapse or prolonged compression of the cord during birth, as in head entrapment. If oxygen deprivation is prolonged, it may cause permanent neurological damage (for instance, cerebral palsy) or death. It has been suggested that a fast vaginal delivery would mean the risk of ... | question: is there a known medical reason why some babies practically waltz out of the womb while others are a 28 hour ordeal? context: <P> deprivation may occur from either cord prolapse or prolonged compression of the cord during birth, as in head entrapment. If oxygen deprivation is prolonged, it may cause permanent... | answer: No two pregnancies, labors, or births are the same. There are way too many variables to know exactly why one labor was long and another was short. Those variables include:Gestation age. If your body goes into labor early on its own, it will typically happen quickly. Sometimes Dr.s have to induce labor earlier t... |
185,125 | 16dnyi | Can someone discuss the merits/accuracy of this headline that is popular on Facebook, "Flu Vaccine INCREASES Risk of Serious Pandemic Flu Illness" | Mercola's analysis seems [a little premature:](_URL_0_) > But in the meantime, Ms. Skowronski insisted the findings should not deter people from getting seasonal flu shots. > “I do think it’s important to clarify that our findings are unique to the pandemic,” she insisted. > “Pandemics are infrequent occurrences, bu... | [
"Mercola's analysis seems [a little premature:](_URL_0_)\n\n > But in the meantime, Ms. Skowronski insisted the findings should not deter people from getting seasonal flu shots.\n\n > “I do think it’s important to clarify that our findings are unique to the pandemic,” she insisted.\n\n > “Pandemics are infrequen... | 6 | [
"Mercola's analysis seems [a little premature:](_URL_0_)\n\n > But in the meantime, Ms. Skowronski insisted the findings should not deter people from getting seasonal flu shots.\n\n > “I do think it’s important to clarify that our findings are unique to the pandemic,” she insisted.\n\n > “Pandemics are infrequen... | 5 | <P> CAd3-ZEBOV First British trial Following ten Americans who received the vaccine in a trial, Ruth Atkins (born 1966) of Oxfordshire, a former nurse with the British National Health Service, was the first British volunteer to receive the experimental vaccine (on September 17, 2014) in a vaccine trial run by Oxford Un... | question: Can someone discuss the merits/accuracy of this headline that is popular on Facebook, "Flu Vaccine INCREASES Risk of Serious Pandemic Flu Illness" context: <P> CAd3-ZEBOV First British trial Following ten Americans who received the vaccine in a trial, Ruth Atkins (born 1966) of Oxfordshire, a former nurse wi... | answer: Mercola's analysis seems [a little premature:](_URL_0_) > But in the meantime, Ms. Skowronski insisted the findings should not deter people from getting seasonal flu shots. > “I do think it’s important to clarify that our findings are unique to the pandemic,” she insisted. > “Pandemics are infrequent occurre... |
137,084 | 619gqq | what does the successful vote to allow the sale of people's browsing history mean for the average person and what is the scope of this? | It really doesn't mean much. The rules that this vote seeks to overturn haven't gone into effect yet. Everything will stay as it is. It's also important to add the the senate vote is what just happened. For it to mean anything at all the house must vote to approve it and then the president must sign it. That will likel... | [
"It really doesn't mean much. The rules that this vote seeks to overturn haven't gone into effect yet. Everything will stay as it is. \n\nIt's also important to add the the senate vote is what just happened. For it to mean anything at all the house must vote to approve it and then the president must sign it. That w... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> circulation on August 30, 2006, and the signatures were turned in the month of July. 83,724 signatures were found to be valid of those submitted, versus a qualification threshold of 82,769.
A union-funded watchdog group asked the Oregon Secretary of State to conduct an investigation into how some of the signatures ... | question: what does the successful vote to allow the sale of people's browsing history mean for the average person and what is the scope of this? context: <P> circulation on August 30, 2006, and the signatures were turned in the month of July. 83,724 signatures were found to be valid of those submitted, versus a qualif... | answer: It really doesn't mean much. The rules that this vote seeks to overturn haven't gone into effect yet. Everything will stay as it is. It's also important to add the the senate vote is what just happened. For it to mean anything at all the house must vote to approve it and then the president must sign it. That wi... |
143,104 | 1je94f | why are tuesday's typically bad for business? | Because there's no particular reason to shop on a Tuesday. Saturday and Sunday people are out of work, Friday people are preparing for the weekend, Thursday people are preparing for Friday plans or a 3-day weekend, and Monday people are finally back from weekend trips. Tuesdays and Wednesdays are slow. | [
"Because there's no particular reason to shop on a Tuesday. Saturday and Sunday people are out of work, Friday people are preparing for the weekend, Thursday people are preparing for Friday plans or a 3-day weekend, and Monday people are finally back from weekend trips. Tuesdays and Wednesdays are slow."
] | 1 | [
"Because there's no particular reason to shop on a Tuesday. Saturday and Sunday people are out of work, Friday people are preparing for the weekend, Thursday people are preparing for Friday plans or a 3-day weekend, and Monday people are finally back from weekend trips. Tuesdays and Wednesdays are slow."
] | 1 | <P> to Professional Secretaries Week in 1981 and became Administrative Professionals Week in 2000 to encompass the expanding responsibilities and wide-ranging job titles of administrative support staff in the modern economy. The week-long observance was created in order to space out the bookings at restaurants, countr... | question: why are tuesday's typically bad for business? context: <P> to Professional Secretaries Week in 1981 and became Administrative Professionals Week in 2000 to encompass the expanding responsibilities and wide-ranging job titles of administrative support staff in the modern economy. The week-long observance was ... | answer: Because there's no particular reason to shop on a Tuesday. Saturday and Sunday people are out of work, Friday people are preparing for the weekend, Thursday people are preparing for Friday plans or a 3-day weekend, and Monday people are finally back from weekend trips. Tuesdays and Wednesdays are slow. |
29,721 | r3o6b | When beams of light come through clouds, why don't they create parallel lines? | The lines are actually (nearly) parallel, but perspective effects cause them to look like they converge. Without other visual cues, they look like they converge._URL_0_ | [
"The lines are actually (nearly) parallel, but perspective effects cause them to look like they converge. Without other visual cues, they look like they converge.\n\n_URL_0_",
"[Crepuscular rays](_URL_1_)\n\nHere's an identical question: why do parallel railroad tracks come together far away? Answer: they don... | 2 | [
"The lines are actually (nearly) parallel, but perspective effects cause them to look like they converge. Without other visual cues, they look like they converge.\n\n_URL_0_",
"[Crepuscular rays](_URL_1_)\n\nHere's an identical question: why do parallel railroad tracks come together far away? Answer: they don... | 2 | <P> droplets to evaporate. If the cloud is sufficiently thin, such processes can yield a cloud-free corridor in an otherwise solid cloud layer. An early satellite observation of distrails that most likely were elongated, aircraft-induced fallstreak holes appeared in Corfidi and Brandli (1986).
Clouds form when invisib... | question: When beams of light come through clouds, why don't they create parallel lines? context: <P> droplets to evaporate. If the cloud is sufficiently thin, such processes can yield a cloud-free corridor in an otherwise solid cloud layer. An early satellite observation of distrails that most likely were elongated, ... | answer: The lines are actually (nearly) parallel, but perspective effects cause them to look like they converge. Without other visual cues, they look like they converge._URL_0_ |
47,618 | 3xujxm | When did the Spanish begin branding slaves? When did the practice stop? What did these brands actually look like? | A partial answer. I had to do a little research to answer this question as relates to my specialty; Cuba. The actual term for this practice in specialized literature for Spanish America is *carimbar* (to brand with a hot iron).While formally outlawed by a *real cédula* (royal decree) in 1784, numerous cases of branding... | [
"A partial answer. I had to do a little research to answer this question as relates to my specialty; Cuba. The actual term for this practice in specialized literature for Spanish America is *carimbar* (to brand with a hot iron).\n\nWhile formally outlawed by a *real cédula* (royal decree) in 1784, numerous cases of... | 1 | [
"A partial answer. I had to do a little research to answer this question as relates to my specialty; Cuba. The actual term for this practice in specialized literature for Spanish America is *carimbar* (to brand with a hot iron).\n\nWhile formally outlawed by a *real cédula* (royal decree) in 1784, numerous cases of... | 1 | <P> influence is most likely the Spanish mantilla, although a southern Spanish garment called a rebociño (introduced to the area by the Moors) may have also played a part. Later influences probably came from Asia with the start of trade from the Manila Galleon.
Its origin was most likely among the lower, mestizo classe... | question: When did the Spanish begin branding slaves? When did the practice stop? What did these brands actually look like? context: <P> influence is most likely the Spanish mantilla, although a southern Spanish garment called a rebociño (introduced to the area by the Moors) may have also played a part. Later influence... | answer: A partial answer. I had to do a little research to answer this question as relates to my specialty; Cuba. The actual term for this practice in specialized literature for Spanish America is *carimbar* (to brand with a hot iron).While formally outlawed by a *real cédula* (royal decree) in 1784, numerous cases of ... |
154,580 | 2kgat9 | can someone explain to me why the korean war had significant effects in the cold war? | Now, I may get this wrong, but more or so it was because we saw the two ideologies so close together. As soon as Korea was divided up between the Allies, Russian and the USA installed their own regimes in each of their halves. Now, obviously what was already one country now two with opposite governments would cause ten... | [
"Now, I may get this wrong, but more or so it was because we saw the two ideologies so close together. As soon as Korea was divided up between the Allies, Russian and the USA installed their own regimes in each of their halves. Now, obviously what was already one country now two with opposite governments would caus... | 2 | [
"Now, I may get this wrong, but more or so it was because we saw the two ideologies so close together. As soon as Korea was divided up between the Allies, Russian and the USA installed their own regimes in each of their halves. Now, obviously what was already one country now two with opposite governments would caus... | 1 | <P> the south of Korea; and thus restore the geopolitical status quo ante of the Soviet and American division of Korea at the 38th Parallel of global latitude. Consequent to Chinese military intervention in behalf of Communist North Korea, the magnitude of the infantry warfare reached operational and geographic stalema... | question: can someone explain to me why the korean war had significant effects in the cold war? context: <P> the south of Korea; and thus restore the geopolitical status quo ante of the Soviet and American division of Korea at the 38th Parallel of global latitude. Consequent to Chinese military intervention in behalf o... | answer: Now, I may get this wrong, but more or so it was because we saw the two ideologies so close together. As soon as Korea was divided up between the Allies, Russian and the USA installed their own regimes in each of their halves. Now, obviously what was already one country now two with opposite governments would c... |
161,808 | 4wk1to | difference between types of fat (saturated, mono.., poly.., trans) and which ones it's safe or unsafe to consume. i am on keto, so fats is almost all i eat. | So, first things first, what is a fat? Fats are molecules that look like [this](_URL_2_), or like [this](_URL_3_) if you prefer a more 3D image. As shown, fats consist of 2 parts, an alcohol called glycerol, and 3 long chains of carbons surrounded by hydrogen, known as fatty acids.So first is the difference between sat... | [
"So, first things first, what is a fat? Fats are molecules that look like [this](_URL_2_), or like [this](_URL_3_) if you prefer a more 3D image. As shown, fats consist of 2 parts, an alcohol called glycerol, and 3 long chains of carbons surrounded by hydrogen, known as fatty acids.\n\nSo first is the difference be... | 1 | [
"So, first things first, what is a fat? Fats are molecules that look like [this](_URL_2_), or like [this](_URL_3_) if you prefer a more 3D image. As shown, fats consist of 2 parts, an alcohol called glycerol, and 3 long chains of carbons surrounded by hydrogen, known as fatty acids.\n\nSo first is the difference be... | 1 | <P> in the middle position on the glycerol molecules appear to be absorbed more easily and influence metabolism more than fatty acids on the end positions. Unlike ordinary fats, MCTs are metabolized like carbohydrates. They have exceptional oxidative stability, and prevent foods from turning rancid readily. Animal feed... | question: difference between types of fat (saturated, mono.., poly.., trans) and which ones it's safe or unsafe to consume. i am on keto, so fats is almost all i eat. context: <P> in the middle position on the glycerol molecules appear to be absorbed more easily and influence metabolism more than fatty acids on the end... | answer: So, first things first, what is a fat? Fats are molecules that look like [this](_URL_2_), or like [this](_URL_3_) if you prefer a more 3D image. As shown, fats consist of 2 parts, an alcohol called glycerol, and 3 long chains of carbons surrounded by hydrogen, known as fatty acids.So first is the difference bet... |
66,324 | 2s6hm8 | Did pregnant women wear corsets in the Victorian era? | Yes and no. Pregnancy was a very private thing and the idea of confinement (staying home) was a real thing in the latter months of pregnancy. Maternity corsets were a thing, with lacing on the sides to be loosened as the belly grew. They weren't for support either, but mostly structured to minimize the appearance. Wo... | [
"Yes and no. Pregnancy was a very private thing and the idea of confinement (staying home) was a real thing in the latter months of pregnancy. Maternity corsets were a thing, with lacing on the sides to be loosened as the belly grew. They weren't for support either, but mostly structured to minimize the appearanc... | 2 | [
"Yes and no. Pregnancy was a very private thing and the idea of confinement (staying home) was a real thing in the latter months of pregnancy. Maternity corsets were a thing, with lacing on the sides to be loosened as the belly grew. They weren't for support either, but mostly structured to minimize the appearanc... | 2 | <P> the corset causing extreme weight loss. (Gallstones are the result of the body metabolizing fat to compensate for rapid weight loss.)
However, the most common sufferers from gallstones are female even today, and it is unlikely that the corset had much to do with the condition. <P> There are other such belts at the ... | question: Did pregnant women wear corsets in the Victorian era? context: <P> the corset causing extreme weight loss. (Gallstones are the result of the body metabolizing fat to compensate for rapid weight loss.)
However, the most common sufferers from gallstones are female even today, and it is unlikely that the corset ... | answer: Yes and no. Pregnancy was a very private thing and the idea of confinement (staying home) was a real thing in the latter months of pregnancy. Maternity corsets were a thing, with lacing on the sides to be loosened as the belly grew. They weren't for support either, but mostly structured to minimize the appear... |
46,329 | 4y2ybs | Where does the origins of redneck or white trash come from in the US? | OP can you clarify, are you asking about use of those *expressions*, or the existence of *people* categorized as such? If the expressions, if you don't get answers here, do try x-posting to /r/etymology | [
"OP can you clarify, are you asking about use of those *expressions*, or the existence of *people* categorized as such? If the expressions, if you don't get answers here, do try x-posting to /r/etymology "
] | 1 | [
"OP can you clarify, are you asking about use of those *expressions*, or the existence of *people* categorized as such? If the expressions, if you don't get answers here, do try x-posting to /r/etymology "
] | 1 | <P> the safe manufacturer Lewis P. Lillie. When he returned to Troy, New York, Peter and his brother Charles McCarthy founded C. & P. McCarthy and began trading in waste, rags, wool and cotton. C. & P. McCarthy was located on Riverstreet. Marriage and personal life On April 22, 1879, McCarthy married Julia F. Haley of ... | question: Where does the origins of redneck or white trash come from in the US? context: <P> the safe manufacturer Lewis P. Lillie. When he returned to Troy, New York, Peter and his brother Charles McCarthy founded C. & P. McCarthy and began trading in waste, rags, wool and cotton. C. & P. McCarthy was located on River... | answer: OP can you clarify, are you asking about use of those *expressions*, or the existence of *people* categorized as such? If the expressions, if you don't get answers here, do try x-posting to /r/etymology |
137,518 | fy3nsb | why can some animals live off of mainly protein and fats? while others need a mix of different nutrients to survive. for example how can a tiger eat only meat and not need carbs? while if a human did this they would be low energy, have constipation, and most likely get scurvy. | Energy. Carnivores don't have to eat plants because they can absorb the nutrients they need through their prey, but the downside being that they have to eat a lot more. Herbivores can make the opposite trade, where they don't have to spend their whole lives hunting, can capture more nutrients from plants, but need to e... | [
"Energy. Carnivores don't have to eat plants because they can absorb the nutrients they need through their prey, but the downside being that they have to eat a lot more. Herbivores can make the opposite trade, where they don't have to spend their whole lives hunting, can capture more nutrients from plants, but need... | 4 | [] | 0 | <P> if a rabbit and a koala were compared that a rabbit would thrive and survive in many environments whereas the koala has worked itself into a "narrow ecological niche". This means the rabbit would excel at surviving because it has a wider range of flexible qualities. Of course it could be argued that there would b... | question: why can some animals live off of mainly protein and fats? while others need a mix of different nutrients to survive. for example how can a tiger eat only meat and not need carbs? while if a human did this they would be low energy, have constipation, and most likely get scurvy. context: <P> if a rabbit and a k... | answer: Energy. Carnivores don't have to eat plants because they can absorb the nutrients they need through their prey, but the downside being that they have to eat a lot more. Herbivores can make the opposite trade, where they don't have to spend their whole lives hunting, can capture more nutrients from plants, but n... |
200,356 | 88coll | how do video games know when a bullet hits the opponent? | Depends on the game. I believe games such a battlefield actually send a bullet projectile and just record the position of contact on the player.I might be talking shit but that's my best guess. | [
"Depends on the game. I believe games such a battlefield actually send a bullet projectile and just record the position of contact on the player.\n\nI might be talking shit but that's my best guess.",
"That's dependent on the game as well as the gun in question.\n\nIn COD for example, all guns are hitscan. There ... | 3 | [] | 0 | <P> which does not, however, retain these scores.
The game provides an array of collectible weapons, which automatically lock onto enemies. One of them, the Time Freeze Disruptor, can slow down the player's surroundings while he continues to move at regular speed (similar to bullet time). Most weapons rely on collectib... | question: how do video games know when a bullet hits the opponent? context: <P> which does not, however, retain these scores.
The game provides an array of collectible weapons, which automatically lock onto enemies. One of them, the Time Freeze Disruptor, can slow down the player's surroundings while he continues to mo... | answer: Depends on the game. I believe games such a battlefield actually send a bullet projectile and just record the position of contact on the player.I might be talking shit but that's my best guess. |
136,444 | cy2jp7 | how do rotating restaurants on buildings get power? | The same way trams roll down the tracks metal contact plates within the spinning part transfers the electricity without wires | [
"The whole restaurant doesn't rotate, only the outer seating area. In the middle is a core with the motor underneath that spins the rest of it that is stationary that the power would be located in. Imagine trying to be in a busy kitchen while the room was spinning. That is a safety hazard.",
"The same way trams r... | 4 | [
"The whole restaurant doesn't rotate, only the outer seating area. In the middle is a core with the motor underneath that spins the rest of it that is stationary that the power would be located in. Imagine trying to be in a busy kitchen while the room was spinning. That is a safety hazard.",
"The same way trams r... | 4 | <P> "mast" and a metallic, tubular "sail", surmounted by a 120-metre (390 ft) platform forming a "crow's nest", corresponding to the rotating restaurant and visitors viewing area. <P> use have their entire heating cycles defined before use with multiple set temperatures, hold times and ramps between them. The most soph... | question: how do rotating restaurants on buildings get power? context: <P> "mast" and a metallic, tubular "sail", surmounted by a 120-metre (390 ft) platform forming a "crow's nest", corresponding to the rotating restaurant and visitors viewing area. <P> use have their entire heating cycles defined before use with mult... | answer: The same way trams roll down the tracks metal contact plates within the spinning part transfers the electricity without wires |
140,130 | 18b45k | In which ways did European military technology surpass that of the Ottomans? | The Ottomans had quite a few advantages when they went on their conquests. First of all, they had the Jannisaries, which was the only completely professional large force of diciplined fighters loyal only to the state in Europe at the time. The Ottomans also had a very strong cavalry arm, both with the Sipahi heavy cava... | [
"... during what time period specifically? Before and after certain advancements the scale tips.",
"The Ottomans had quite a few advantages when they went on their conquests. First of all, they had the Jannisaries, which was the only completely professional large force of diciplined fighters loyal only to the st... | 2 | [
"The Ottomans had quite a few advantages when they went on their conquests. First of all, they had the Jannisaries, which was the only completely professional large force of diciplined fighters loyal only to the state in Europe at the time. The Ottomans also had a very strong cavalry arm, both with the Sipahi heavy... | 1 | <P> cannon designed by Hungarian engineer Orban, who had earlier offered his services to the Byzantine Empire emperor Constantine XI. Orban's price for the cannons was high, so the Byzantine emperor of Constantinople was not able to afford it. Mehmed II was determined to win the battle, and used cannons to blast throug... | question: In which ways did European military technology surpass that of the Ottomans? context: <P> cannon designed by Hungarian engineer Orban, who had earlier offered his services to the Byzantine Empire emperor Constantine XI. Orban's price for the cannons was high, so the Byzantine emperor of Constantinople was not... | answer: The Ottomans had quite a few advantages when they went on their conquests. First of all, they had the Jannisaries, which was the only completely professional large force of diciplined fighters loyal only to the state in Europe at the time. The Ottomans also had a very strong cavalry arm, both with the Sipahi he... |
131,502 | axl5ye | Why is the Sherman Tank (75mm cannon) considered a medium tank, while the Sherman tank (76.2mm anti tank gun) was considered a lot more powerful. Is 1.2 mm that big of a difference? | It's not necessarily the absolute diameter of the projectile, but the amount of kinetic energy behind it, as imparted by the mass and velocity of the projectile (much of the latter given by [the size of the propelling charge in the cartridge case](_URL_0_)) as well as the design of the projectile itself.The M3 75 mm gu... | [
"It's not necessarily the absolute diameter of the projectile, but the amount of kinetic energy behind it, as imparted by the mass and velocity of the projectile (much of the latter given by [the size of the propelling charge in the cartridge case](_URL_0_)) as well as the design of the projectile itself.\n\nThe M3... | 1 | [
"It's not necessarily the absolute diameter of the projectile, but the amount of kinetic energy behind it, as imparted by the mass and velocity of the projectile (much of the latter given by [the size of the propelling charge in the cartridge case](_URL_0_)) as well as the design of the projectile itself.\n\nThe M3... | 1 | <P> specification reduced weight and enabled the use of Cromwell tank components as a design expedient. The resulting Cruiser Mark VIII Challenger had a longer hull and provided a larger turret, allowing the 17-pounder to be mounted along with space for a second loader, thought to be required for the gun's larger ammun... | question: Why is the Sherman Tank (75mm cannon) considered a medium tank, while the Sherman tank (76.2mm anti tank gun) was considered a lot more powerful. Is 1.2 mm that big of a difference? context: <P> specification reduced weight and enabled the use of Cromwell tank components as a design expedient. The resulting C... | answer: It's not necessarily the absolute diameter of the projectile, but the amount of kinetic energy behind it, as imparted by the mass and velocity of the projectile (much of the latter given by [the size of the propelling charge in the cartridge case](_URL_0_)) as well as the design of the projectile itself.The M3 ... |
9,455 | flhogm | how do 'dry' wines taste dry when they're a liquid? | "Dry" is just the wine lingo word for "not sweet." Sugar tends to make us salivate a little bit, which might explain why "dry" is used to mean a wine with little sugar - because the sour, bitter, and tannic flavors in wine can make the mouth feel drier without much sugar to compensate.However, it is mainly the tannins... | [
"Dry is simply the opposite of sweet. Dry wine means it has a low sugar content. They tend to be quite sharp, the same way lemon juice is, and I suppose that could taste \"dry\".",
"\"Dry\" is just the wine lingo word for \"not sweet.\" Sugar tends to make us salivate a little bit, which might explain why \"dry\... | 2 | [
"\"Dry\" is just the wine lingo word for \"not sweet.\" Sugar tends to make us salivate a little bit, which might explain why \"dry\" is used to mean a wine with little sugar - because the sour, bitter, and tannic flavors in wine can make the mouth feel drier without much sugar to compensate.\n\nHowever, it is mai... | 1 | <P> Thai or Sichuan cuisine. It can accentuate the mild sweetness in some foods and can also contrast with salt such as the European custom of pairing salty Stilton cheese with a sweet Port. Sweetness in a wine can balance tartness in food, especially if the food has some sweetness (such as dishes with sweet & sour sau... | question: how do 'dry' wines taste dry when they're a liquid? context: <P> Thai or Sichuan cuisine. It can accentuate the mild sweetness in some foods and can also contrast with salt such as the European custom of pairing salty Stilton cheese with a sweet Port. Sweetness in a wine can balance tartness in food, especial... | answer: "Dry" is just the wine lingo word for "not sweet." Sugar tends to make us salivate a little bit, which might explain why "dry" is used to mean a wine with little sugar - because the sour, bitter, and tannic flavors in wine can make the mouth feel drier without much sugar to compensate.However, it is mainly the... |
185,453 | 37abd6 | why did the roma migrate from india? | Popular theories hold they were likely kicked out/banished as a people. If their customs are to go by, they would have likely upset the population there.Also it would be the Indian subcontinent as far as our best guesses go. We don't where exactly they originate from with regards to Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, etc. | [
"Popular theories hold they were likely kicked out/banished as a people. If their customs are to go by, they would have likely upset the population there.\n\n\n\n\nAlso it would be the Indian subcontinent as far as our best guesses go. We don't where exactly they originate from with regards to Afghanistan, Pakistan... | 3 | [
"Popular theories hold they were likely kicked out/banished as a people. If their customs are to go by, they would have likely upset the population there.\n\n\n\n\nAlso it would be the Indian subcontinent as far as our best guesses go. We don't where exactly they originate from with regards to Afghanistan, Pakistan... | 1 | <P> brutality of men of their own race. They had lost caste; they had taken to drink; they were the drudges of larrikins who ill-treated them; some had been in gaol; none were enjoying the protection of decent homes. So, far the lack of better prospects, they sought the Chinamen, who at least pay them well and treat th... | question: why did the roma migrate from india? context: <P> brutality of men of their own race. They had lost caste; they had taken to drink; they were the drudges of larrikins who ill-treated them; some had been in gaol; none were enjoying the protection of decent homes. So, far the lack of better prospects, they soug... | answer: Popular theories hold they were likely kicked out/banished as a people. If their customs are to go by, they would have likely upset the population there.Also it would be the Indian subcontinent as far as our best guesses go. We don't where exactly they originate from with regards to Afghanistan, Pakistan, India... |
5,446 | 338xpk | why has no one crossed a dandelion with a carrot or parsnip, thus creating a nutritious vegetable that grows wild as a weed? | A few things. First, dandelions *are* nutritious vegetables that you can eat lots of ways.Second, a weed is just any unwanted plant - they typically grow more aggressively than cultivated plants because they are evolved specifically for the environment in which they are found and because they don't waste any energy pro... | [
"A few things. First, dandelions *are* nutritious vegetables that you can eat lots of ways.\n\nSecond, a weed is just any unwanted plant - they typically grow more aggressively than cultivated plants because they are evolved specifically for the environment in which they are found and because they don't waste any e... | 9 | [
"A few things. First, dandelions *are* nutritious vegetables that you can eat lots of ways.\n\nSecond, a weed is just any unwanted plant - they typically grow more aggressively than cultivated plants because they are evolved specifically for the environment in which they are found and because they don't waste any e... | 4 | <P> states for tests. Various major seed companies of the time claimed credit for its commercial introduction, including J. M. Thornburn of New York City, JJH Gregory of Marblehead, and Peter Henderson of New Jersey.
In 1879 Coy shipped "Hebron Beauties" to London. The Beauty of Hebron was one of the varieties used to ... | question: why has no one crossed a dandelion with a carrot or parsnip, thus creating a nutritious vegetable that grows wild as a weed? context: <P> states for tests. Various major seed companies of the time claimed credit for its commercial introduction, including J. M. Thornburn of New York City, JJH Gregory of Marble... | answer: A few things. First, dandelions *are* nutritious vegetables that you can eat lots of ways.Second, a weed is just any unwanted plant - they typically grow more aggressively than cultivated plants because they are evolved specifically for the environment in which they are found and because they don't waste any en... |
47,371 | 562i8b | why do we find it difficult to get past somebody if you are walking straight at each other? | Because you're making eye contact with them and you're both looking at each other's eyes to see where the other is going. When you feel that starting to happen, break eye contact and focus on the path you want to walk. As if by magic, you and the other person will cease doing "the dance" and continue on your way. | [
"Because you're making eye contact with them and you're both looking at each other's eyes to see where the other is going. When you feel that starting to happen, break eye contact and focus on the path you want to walk. As if by magic, you and the other person will cease doing \"the dance\" and continue on your w... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> run off into the distance. <P> can get, each determining which girl you end up escaping with (or dying with, depending on the girl).
When one of the two Janitors find you (indicated by the sounds of keys rattling), he will blow his whistle and proceed to chase you wherever you go until you outrun him or lose him by... | question: why do we find it difficult to get past somebody if you are walking straight at each other? context: <P> run off into the distance. <P> can get, each determining which girl you end up escaping with (or dying with, depending on the girl).
When one of the two Janitors find you (indicated by the sounds of keys r... | answer: Because you're making eye contact with them and you're both looking at each other's eyes to see where the other is going. When you feel that starting to happen, break eye contact and focus on the path you want to walk. As if by magic, you and the other person will cease doing "the dance" and continue on your ... |
157,048 | 2ssaf0 | how do they get the hole in a hypodermic needle? | _URL_0_Remember watching this after asking the same thing not too long ago. | [
"_URL_0_\n\nRemember watching this after asking the same thing not too long ago."
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> to pressurize oil, which drives a vertical hydraulic ram to compress a cylindrical cavity known as a hatbox. This cavity is filled with six steel anvils, three facing and three facing down, that converge on a set of eight tungsten carbide cubes. The interior corners of these cubes truncated to fit an octahedral ass... | question: how do they get the hole in a hypodermic needle? context: <P> to pressurize oil, which drives a vertical hydraulic ram to compress a cylindrical cavity known as a hatbox. This cavity is filled with six steel anvils, three facing and three facing down, that converge on a set of eight tungsten carbide cubes. Th... | answer: _URL_0_Remember watching this after asking the same thing not too long ago. |
97,878 | 30ze8v | why is homosexuality the big issue in southern christian parts of the usa and some other nations in the world? doesnt the bible forbid alot more than simple homosexuals, like alot more? | Because a lot of religious folks like to pick and choose which parts of the bible they are against. If they think it's wrong then "it's against God's word!" But if it inconveniences them they conveniently ignore it. | [
"Because a lot of religious folks like to pick and choose which parts of the bible they are against. If they think it's wrong then \"it's against God's word!\" But if it inconveniences them they conveniently ignore it. ",
"It isn't the only big issue, it's just the one in the national spotlight at the moment. Wom... | 9 | [
"Because a lot of religious folks like to pick and choose which parts of the bible they are against. If they think it's wrong then \"it's against God's word!\" But if it inconveniences them they conveniently ignore it. ",
"It isn't the only big issue, it's just the one in the national spotlight at the moment. Wom... | 6 | <P> Muslims and Jews arguing that loss of blood from slash to the throat renders the animals unconscious relatively quickly. Response to criticism of morality Not all religions are hostile to homosexuality. Both Reform Judaism and the Unitarian Universalist Association have advocated for equal rights for gay and lesbia... | question: why is homosexuality the big issue in southern christian parts of the usa and some other nations in the world? doesnt the bible forbid alot more than simple homosexuals, like alot more? context: <P> Muslims and Jews arguing that loss of blood from slash to the throat renders the animals unconscious relatively... | answer: Because a lot of religious folks like to pick and choose which parts of the bible they are against. If they think it's wrong then "it's against God's word!" But if it inconveniences them they conveniently ignore it. |
81 | 6ivfui | Can you make electricity from radio waves? | Antennas are devices that turn radio waves into electrical power (or vice versa). It is possible to harvest energy from ambient electromagnetic radiation, but the amount of power you get is fairly low, usually on the order of a few milliwatts, which can be used to power small electrical devices. | [
"Antennas are devices that turn radio waves into electrical power (or vice versa). It is possible to harvest energy from ambient electromagnetic radiation, but the amount of power you get is fairly low, usually on the order of a few milliwatts, which can be used to power small electrical devices. ",
"Yes, but not... | 4 | [
"Antennas are devices that turn radio waves into electrical power (or vice versa). It is possible to harvest energy from ambient electromagnetic radiation, but the amount of power you get is fairly low, usually on the order of a few milliwatts, which can be used to power small electrical devices. ",
"What you're ... | 2 | <P> electrons oscillate, they create an electromagnetic wave atop the graphene layer, referred to as the surface plasmon polariton wave. This would enable the antenna to operate at the lower end of the terahertz frequency, which would be more efficient than the current copper based antennas. Ultimately, researchers env... | question: Can you make electricity from radio waves? context: <P> electrons oscillate, they create an electromagnetic wave atop the graphene layer, referred to as the surface plasmon polariton wave. This would enable the antenna to operate at the lower end of the terahertz frequency, which would be more efficient than ... | answer: Antennas are devices that turn radio waves into electrical power (or vice versa). It is possible to harvest energy from ambient electromagnetic radiation, but the amount of power you get is fairly low, usually on the order of a few milliwatts, which can be used to power small electrical devices. |
194,139 | bow2vj | mirrors | This is a fun question because a proper answer requires a dive into quantum mechanics! But the ELI5 is that when light hits the mirror, it causes the atoms to wiggle around at nearly the same frequency of the light wave and to emit secondary waves at an angle. That energy has to go somewhere, right? Some of this energy... | [
"This is a fun question because a proper answer requires a dive into quantum mechanics! But the ELI5 is that when light hits the mirror, it causes the atoms to wiggle around at nearly the same frequency of the light wave and to emit secondary waves at an angle. That energy has to go somewhere, right? Some of this e... | 2 | [
"This is a fun question because a proper answer requires a dive into quantum mechanics! But the ELI5 is that when light hits the mirror, it causes the atoms to wiggle around at nearly the same frequency of the light wave and to emit secondary waves at an angle. That energy has to go somewhere, right? Some of this e... | 1 | <P> reflects all light which arrives from a given direction at the same angle, whereas diffuse reflection reflects that light in a broad range of directions. An example of the distinction between specular and diffuse reflection would be glossy and matte paints. Matte paints have almost exclusively diffuse reflection, ... | question: mirrors context: <P> reflects all light which arrives from a given direction at the same angle, whereas diffuse reflection reflects that light in a broad range of directions. An example of the distinction between specular and diffuse reflection would be glossy and matte paints. Matte paints have almost exclu... | answer: This is a fun question because a proper answer requires a dive into quantum mechanics! But the ELI5 is that when light hits the mirror, it causes the atoms to wiggle around at nearly the same frequency of the light wave and to emit secondary waves at an angle. That energy has to go somewhere, right? Some of thi... |
223,667 | ao8d23 | physiologically how do some scents cause certain animals to panic in fear even if they are naive to the origin of the scent? | Not about smells but there's a cool paper on how water fleas develop protective helmets and longer tail spines in response to a chemical from a fish predator. Even if they've never met the fish before they will develop these traits. This means that the response was inherited from their parents because they realise that... | [
"Not about smells but there's a cool paper on how water fleas develop protective helmets and longer tail spines in response to a chemical from a fish predator. \n\nEven if they've never met the fish before they will develop these traits. This means that the response was inherited from their parents because they rea... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> Muscles located next to the scent glands allow them to spray with a high degree of accuracy, as far as 3 m (10 ft). The spray can also cause irritation and even temporary blindness, and is sufficiently powerful to be detected by a human nose up to 5.6 km (3.5 miles) downwind. Their chemical defense is effective, as... | question: physiologically how do some scents cause certain animals to panic in fear even if they are naive to the origin of the scent? context: <P> Muscles located next to the scent glands allow them to spray with a high degree of accuracy, as far as 3 m (10 ft). The spray can also cause irritation and even temporary b... | answer: Not about smells but there's a cool paper on how water fleas develop protective helmets and longer tail spines in response to a chemical from a fish predator. Even if they've never met the fish before they will develop these traits. This means that the response was inherited from their parents because they real... |
179,325 | 10butp | Do we have any idea what the infamous "bloop" was? | Not a peer reviewed paper, but there probably isn't one on the subject. I'm likely to to get hit hard for this, but [here's a link](_URL_1_) to a short (14:48) skeptical podcast on the subject.When approaching an unknown, we first have to establish that there's actually something requiring explanation. Should we dete... | [
"Not a peer reviewed paper, but there probably isn't one on the subject. I'm likely to to get hit hard for this, but [here's a link](_URL_1_) to a short (14:48) skeptical podcast on the subject.\n\nWhen approaching an unknown, we first have to establish that there's actually something requiring explanation. Shoul... | 1 | [
"Not a peer reviewed paper, but there probably isn't one on the subject. I'm likely to to get hit hard for this, but [here's a link](_URL_1_) to a short (14:48) skeptical podcast on the subject.\n\nWhen approaching an unknown, we first have to establish that there's actually something requiring explanation. Shoul... | 1 | <P> before. Driving a 2001 Mitsubishi Challenger he took the Buntine Highway, which for much of his journey was a desert track across the outback of the Northern Territory.
The events leading to Megee being stranded are somewhat confused, and indeed, Megee's version of how events unfolded changed significantly over tim... | question: Do we have any idea what the infamous "bloop" was? context: <P> before. Driving a 2001 Mitsubishi Challenger he took the Buntine Highway, which for much of his journey was a desert track across the outback of the Northern Territory.
The events leading to Megee being stranded are somewhat confused, and indeed,... | answer: Not a peer reviewed paper, but there probably isn't one on the subject. I'm likely to to get hit hard for this, but [here's a link](_URL_1_) to a short (14:48) skeptical podcast on the subject.When approaching an unknown, we first have to establish that there's actually something requiring explanation. Should... |
59,081 | rfrn9 | If we were to be plucked from the earth and put on a planet that is 2x gravity could we walk/adapt? What is the maximum gravity we could stand? | Found it! Took some digging but I tracked down the last time this question was answered in depth. [Link](_URL_0_) > Those are just for short periods of time. I recently examined this subject, NASA did an experiment a couple years ago and it seems that even under just 1.25G most humans cannot handle more than a few hour... | [
"Conversely, if we grew up humans in a simulated hi-grav environment (say, space station), would they have 'super-human' strength if brought back to earth?",
"Found it! Took some digging but I tracked down the last time this question was answered in depth. [Link](_URL_0_)\n\n > Those are just for short periods of... | 17 | [
"Conversely, if we grew up humans in a simulated hi-grav environment (say, space station), would they have 'super-human' strength if brought back to earth?",
"Found it! Took some digging but I tracked down the last time this question was answered in depth. [Link](_URL_0_)\n\n > Those are just for short periods of... | 14 | <P> spacecraft rotation to produce a centrifugal force similar to gravity. This solution, while potentially effective, raises a number of operational, engineering, and physiological issues that will need to be addressed. The human physiological responses to long-duration exposure to anything other than zero-gravity or ... | question: If we were to be plucked from the earth and put on a planet that is 2x gravity could we walk/adapt? What is the maximum gravity we could stand? context: <P> spacecraft rotation to produce a centrifugal force similar to gravity. This solution, while potentially effective, raises a number of operational, engine... | answer: Found it! Took some digging but I tracked down the last time this question was answered in depth. [Link](_URL_0_) > Those are just for short periods of time. I recently examined this subject, NASA did an experiment a couple years ago and it seems that even under just 1.25G most humans cannot handle more than a ... |
57,851 | 2wldp0 | what is superfish? | SuperFish is a piece of adware installed on some Lenovo computers.It is bad because they installed a digital certificate on the computer which browsers will trust.Then the adware intercept all web traffic, including HTTPs. When you visited an HTTPs site, the adware signed a certificate for the site using the instal... | [
"It's malware that hijacks secure HTTP connections and serves ads. It's also been compromised so that anyone, not just Lenovo, can hijack your HTTPS connections. It's a pretty severe problem, and if you own an affected machine, you ought to already have cleaned it, if not wiped your system and reinstalled.\n\n_URL_... | 2 | [
"SuperFish is a piece of adware installed on some Lenovo computers.\n\n\nIt is bad because they installed a digital certificate on the computer which browsers will trust.\n\nThen the adware intercept all web traffic, including HTTPs. When you visited an HTTPs site, the adware signed a certificate for the site u... | 1 | <P> world.
In February 2017, an open-source project to revive Habitat led by Randy Farmer (one of Habitat's creators) named NeoHabitat was announced to the public. The project is currently requesting volunteer contributors to aide in developing code, region design, documentation, and provide other assistance. Utilizin... | question: what is superfish? context: <P> world.
In February 2017, an open-source project to revive Habitat led by Randy Farmer (one of Habitat's creators) named NeoHabitat was announced to the public. The project is currently requesting volunteer contributors to aide in developing code, region design, documentation, ... | answer: SuperFish is a piece of adware installed on some Lenovo computers.It is bad because they installed a digital certificate on the computer which browsers will trust.Then the adware intercept all web traffic, including HTTPs. When you visited an HTTPs site, the adware signed a certificate for the site using th... |
99,674 | 1u3yt3 | why is produce such as tomatoes, and carrots etc. much cheaper at foreign markets such as hispanic and chinese than the large grocery chain stores? | A combination of lower profit margins and lower quality produce. A lot of big grocery produce is selected for appearance. Bright orange carrots and red tomatoes, free of blemishes, that keep a fresh looking appearance longer. People in the cooking community complain produce it grown to look good on shelves rather th... | [
"A combination of lower profit margins and lower quality produce. \n\nA lot of big grocery produce is selected for appearance. Bright orange carrots and red tomatoes, free of blemishes, that keep a fresh looking appearance longer. People in the cooking community complain produce it grown to look good on shelves ... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> which is a non-profit 501 (c)3 organization has managed it. The trust was formed in 2005 and consists of the Market Manager and eleven volunteers from the community. Offerings Each week approximately 3,000 people visit the market, with 82 percent of these people living and/or working in Lancaster and an additional ... | question: why is produce such as tomatoes, and carrots etc. much cheaper at foreign markets such as hispanic and chinese than the large grocery chain stores? context: <P> which is a non-profit 501 (c)3 organization has managed it. The trust was formed in 2005 and consists of the Market Manager and eleven volunteers fro... | answer: A combination of lower profit margins and lower quality produce. A lot of big grocery produce is selected for appearance. Bright orange carrots and red tomatoes, free of blemishes, that keep a fresh looking appearance longer. People in the cooking community complain produce it grown to look good on shelves r... |
42,656 | 1zocrb | lactic acid myth article. can anyone verify this article and give me a 5 year old explanation? | well back in the day it was thought that when you overexercized your muscles lactic acid, a product of metabolism in poorly oxigenated conditions would be trapped in the muscles, cause pain, and be a sign of novelty in terms of the stimulus given to the muscle.there were many theories surrounding lactic acid and body a... | [
"well back in the day it was thought that when you overexercized your muscles lactic acid, a product of metabolism in poorly oxigenated conditions would be trapped in the muscles, cause pain, and be a sign of novelty in terms of the stimulus given to the muscle.\n\n\nthere were many theories surrounding lactic acid... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> with a low glucose concentration, cAMP accumulates and binds to the allosteric site on CRP (cAMP receptor protein), a transcription activator protein. The protein assumes its active shape and binds to a specific site upstream of the lac promoter, making it easier for RNA polymerase to bind to the adjacent promoter ... | question: lactic acid myth article. can anyone verify this article and give me a 5 year old explanation? context: <P> with a low glucose concentration, cAMP accumulates and binds to the allosteric site on CRP (cAMP receptor protein), a transcription activator protein. The protein assumes its active shape and binds to a... | answer: well back in the day it was thought that when you overexercized your muscles lactic acid, a product of metabolism in poorly oxigenated conditions would be trapped in the muscles, cause pain, and be a sign of novelty in terms of the stimulus given to the muscle.there were many theories surrounding lactic acid an... |
71,235 | z4p9w | What targets were to be destroyed first upon outbreak of nuclear war? Do we know? | Indeed there was. Military bases, major economic centers, trade ports, research facilities, etc., where all potential targets. And if your enemy was another nuclear power, then Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) came into play. MAD means that any attempt to attack another nuclear power would result in a similar respons... | [
"Indeed there was. Military bases, major economic centers, trade ports, research facilities, etc., where all potential targets. And if your enemy was another nuclear power, then Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) came into play. MAD means that any attempt to attack another nuclear power would result in a similar re... | 14 | [
"Indeed there was. Military bases, major economic centers, trade ports, research facilities, etc., where all potential targets. And if your enemy was another nuclear power, then Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) came into play. MAD means that any attempt to attack another nuclear power would result in a similar re... | 10 | <P> after the massive and widely publicized Castle Bravo test accident by the United States in 1954, which spread nuclear fallout over a large area and resulted in the death of at least one Japanese fisherman, the idea of a "limited" or "survivable" nuclear war became increasingly replaced by a perception that nuclear ... | question: What targets were to be destroyed first upon outbreak of nuclear war? Do we know? context: <P> after the massive and widely publicized Castle Bravo test accident by the United States in 1954, which spread nuclear fallout over a large area and resulted in the death of at least one Japanese fisherman, the idea ... | answer: Indeed there was. Military bases, major economic centers, trade ports, research facilities, etc., where all potential targets. And if your enemy was another nuclear power, then Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) came into play. MAD means that any attempt to attack another nuclear power would result in a similar... |
26,609 | 1q8paw | how did sites like grooveshark, spotify, and google play get all that music available for free streaming? | Grooveshark is currently in a number of lawsuits over copyright infringement.Spotify has licensing deals with music studios so that they are allowed to stream music on demand. On the free version, they pay for these license fees with ads. In the US, due to streaming music laws, anyone can use music for Internet Radio... | [
"Grooveshark is currently in a number of lawsuits over copyright infringement.\n\nSpotify has licensing deals with music studios so that they are allowed to stream music on demand. On the free version, they pay for these license fees with ads. In the US, due to streaming music laws, anyone can use music for Inter... | 4 | [
"Grooveshark is currently in a number of lawsuits over copyright infringement.\n\nSpotify has licensing deals with music studios so that they are allowed to stream music on demand. On the free version, they pay for these license fees with ads. In the US, due to streaming music laws, anyone can use music for Inter... | 2 | <P> sold single songs for $0.99 and entire album downloads for $9.99. The company's graphical user interface was attractive enough to garner distribution deals with Universal Music Group, Sony Music Entertainment, Bertelsmann Music Group and Warner Music Group. These agreements gave the company online digital distribut... | question: how did sites like grooveshark, spotify, and google play get all that music available for free streaming? context: <P> sold single songs for $0.99 and entire album downloads for $9.99. The company's graphical user interface was attractive enough to garner distribution deals with Universal Music Group, Sony Mu... | answer: Grooveshark is currently in a number of lawsuits over copyright infringement.Spotify has licensing deals with music studios so that they are allowed to stream music on demand. On the free version, they pay for these license fees with ads. In the US, due to streaming music laws, anyone can use music for Intern... |
24,434 | 4d3lnt | why is netflix throttling such a controversial issue? | It's when the ISP is hand picking what websites are fast or slow that really gets people. It's an incredible amount of power where companies that used to be just neutral pipes to turn into places that hand pick what websites can or can't exist. The fact that many of the largest ISPs are media companies and the sites th... | [
"It's when the ISP is hand picking what websites are fast or slow that really gets people. It's an incredible amount of power where companies that used to be just neutral pipes to turn into places that hand pick what websites can or can't exist. \n\nThe fact that many of the largest ISPs are media companies and the... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> the customer experience. However, likely as a result of negative reviews and reaction by Netflix users, Netflix reversed its decision to remove profiles 11 days after the announcement. In announcing the reinstatement of profiles, Netflix defended its original decision, stating, "Because of an ongoing desire to make... | question: why is netflix throttling such a controversial issue? context: <P> the customer experience. However, likely as a result of negative reviews and reaction by Netflix users, Netflix reversed its decision to remove profiles 11 days after the announcement. In announcing the reinstatement of profiles, Netflix defen... | answer: It's when the ISP is hand picking what websites are fast or slow that really gets people. It's an incredible amount of power where companies that used to be just neutral pipes to turn into places that hand pick what websites can or can't exist. The fact that many of the largest ISPs are media companies and the ... |
183,735 | 4vh9n2 | how the gambler's ruin effect works | It's a fallacy wherein the belief that something happen a lot at some point means it will not happen a lot at a later point, and visa versa. The most famous example, which resulted in one of the names for Gambler's Ruin (The Monte Carlo Fallacy) is where a number of people playing roulette at the Monte Carlo Casino not... | [
"It's a fallacy wherein the belief that something happen a lot at some point means it will not happen a lot at a later point, and visa versa. \nThe most famous example, which resulted in one of the names for Gambler's Ruin (The Monte Carlo Fallacy) is where a number of people playing roulette at the Monte Carlo Cas... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> that because a particular outcome has recently occurred, it will be less likely in the immediate future.
As an example, consider a roulette wheel that has landed on red in three consecutive spins. An onlooker might apply the law of averages to conclude that on its next spin it must (or at least is much more likely ... | question: how the gambler's ruin effect works context: <P> that because a particular outcome has recently occurred, it will be less likely in the immediate future.
As an example, consider a roulette wheel that has landed on red in three consecutive spins. An onlooker might apply the law of averages to conclude that on ... | answer: It's a fallacy wherein the belief that something happen a lot at some point means it will not happen a lot at a later point, and visa versa. The most famous example, which resulted in one of the names for Gambler's Ruin (The Monte Carlo Fallacy) is where a number of people playing roulette at the Monte Carlo Ca... |
66,899 | 1kpo6f | What is a Sumerian? Is it close to Samaritan? | Sumerians were members of a society called Sumer, in modern Iraq. They're a non-Semitic group, wrote in cuneiform (probably the earliest form of writing), and were eventually merged into the Akkadians.The Samaritans are an Israelite group, who had a religious schism of some kind with the Jews, probably as a result of ... | [
"Sumerians were members of a society called Sumer, in modern Iraq. They're a non-Semitic group, wrote in cuneiform (probably the earliest form of writing), and were eventually merged into the Akkadians.\n\nThe Samaritans are an Israelite group, who had a religious schism of some kind with the Jews, probably as a r... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> Other Sumerian examples include the Debate between Summer and Winter where Winter wins, and disputes between the cattle and grain, the tree and the reed, silver and copper, the pickaxe and the plough, and the millstone and the gul-gul stone.
An Ancient Egyptian version is The Dispute between a man and his Ba, which... | question: What is a Sumerian? Is it close to Samaritan? context: <P> Other Sumerian examples include the Debate between Summer and Winter where Winter wins, and disputes between the cattle and grain, the tree and the reed, silver and copper, the pickaxe and the plough, and the millstone and the gul-gul stone.
An Ancien... | answer: Sumerians were members of a society called Sumer, in modern Iraq. They're a non-Semitic group, wrote in cuneiform (probably the earliest form of writing), and were eventually merged into the Akkadians.The Samaritans are an Israelite group, who had a religious schism of some kind with the Jews, probably as a re... |
119,753 | 566ipk | Samurai Sword from WW2 | Lengthly engravings could be [tameshi-mei](_URL_1_), or sword-tester's inscriptions, which were generally marked into the tang. After the sword is forged, it would be given to a professional tester, who would make various test cuts. Sometimes these cuts were made on human bodies (criminals or cadavers). The inscription... | [
"Japanese history is not my area, but i can tell you how to post pictures. Simply go to _URL_0_ and select new post, from there follow the onscreen instructions to post digital pictures. \n\nYou would probably have more success if the real experts can see the pictures. ",
"Lengthly engravings could be [tameshi-me... | 2 | [
"Lengthly engravings could be [tameshi-mei](_URL_1_), or sword-tester's inscriptions, which were generally marked into the tang. After the sword is forged, it would be given to a professional tester, who would make various test cuts. Sometimes these cuts were made on human bodies (criminals or cadavers). The inscri... | 1 | <P> Muromachi period, samurai of high standing began to use the uchi-gatana; and as a result, outstanding guards for these weapons came into demand. Possibly the elevation of the status of the silver-smith to a position where he was entitled to use a name like Shoami dates from the time when craftsmen began producing f... | question: Samurai Sword from WW2 context: <P> Muromachi period, samurai of high standing began to use the uchi-gatana; and as a result, outstanding guards for these weapons came into demand. Possibly the elevation of the status of the silver-smith to a position where he was entitled to use a name like Shoami dates from... | answer: Lengthly engravings could be [tameshi-mei](_URL_1_), or sword-tester's inscriptions, which were generally marked into the tang. After the sword is forged, it would be given to a professional tester, who would make various test cuts. Sometimes these cuts were made on human bodies (criminals or cadavers). The ins... |
18,336 | 9pbrfp | how does thermogenesis in the body work when eating? | Depends what kind of food. That’s why eating too many eggs won’t cause weight gain as easily as eating too many cookies. | [
"Depends what kind of food. That’s why eating too many eggs won’t cause weight gain as easily as eating too many cookies."
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> Sirtuin-mediated mechanism Preliminary research indicates that sirtuins are activated by fasting and serve as "energy sensors" during metabolism. Sirtuins, specifically Sir2 (found in yeast) have been implicated in the aging of yeast, and are a class of highly conserved, NAD⁺-dependent histone deacetylase enzymes. ... | question: how does thermogenesis in the body work when eating? context: <P> Sirtuin-mediated mechanism Preliminary research indicates that sirtuins are activated by fasting and serve as "energy sensors" during metabolism. Sirtuins, specifically Sir2 (found in yeast) have been implicated in the aging of yeast, and are a... | answer: Depends what kind of food. That’s why eating too many eggs won’t cause weight gain as easily as eating too many cookies. |
32,470 | 6s6i1r | are all otc vitamins and herbs useless to take? | First off, vitamins. If you are healthy and have a decent diet, you're getting all the vitamins you need.There are specific health problems that can, for example, prevent someone from absorbing a vitamin efficiently from food. In that case, the person might take pills with a bunch extra of that vitamin, so that even th... | [
"It is impossible to say. The Herbs have not been tested. No one really knows how many things are essential to the human diet. New things get discovered every few years. Obviously a vitamin formulated to include every thing know until then did not include the new thing.\n\nNutritionists say 5 different fruits and v... | 4 | [
"First off, vitamins. If you are healthy and have a decent diet, you're getting all the vitamins you need.\n\nThere are specific health problems that can, for example, prevent someone from absorbing a vitamin efficiently from food. In that case, the person might take pills with a bunch extra of that vitamin, so tha... | 1 | <P> makes taking oral vitamin D ineffective are able, through exposure to an ultraviolet lamp that emits UV-B radiation, to achieve a 25 (OH) D blood level.
Three benefits of UV exposure are production of vitamin D, improvement in mood, and increased energy.
UVB induces production of vitamin D in the skin at rates of u... | question: are all otc vitamins and herbs useless to take? context: <P> makes taking oral vitamin D ineffective are able, through exposure to an ultraviolet lamp that emits UV-B radiation, to achieve a 25 (OH) D blood level.
Three benefits of UV exposure are production of vitamin D, improvement in mood, and increased en... | answer: First off, vitamins. If you are healthy and have a decent diet, you're getting all the vitamins you need.There are specific health problems that can, for example, prevent someone from absorbing a vitamin efficiently from food. In that case, the person might take pills with a bunch extra of that vitamin, so that... |
108,830 | 3e90vr | why hasn't apple's magsafe connector been adopted for headphone or usb connectors on phones? | > while also allowing for a totally waterproof phoneThat actually wouldn't work. The MagSafe adapter still requires a physical connection of the power pins, the magnet just holds the power connector in place. Using this technology with headphones and the like would still required physical contact between the data pin... | [
" > while also allowing for a totally waterproof phone\n\nThat actually wouldn't work. The MagSafe adapter still requires a physical connection of the power pins, the magnet just holds the power connector in place. Using this technology with headphones and the like would still required physical contact between the... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> the mating face of the connector. Thus, the male connector consists of only a body, which is generally crimped onto or screwed over the cable shielding braid, and a captive nut, neither of which require tight tolerances. Push-on versions are also available.
Female connectors are typically used on bulkheads or as co... | question: why hasn't apple's magsafe connector been adopted for headphone or usb connectors on phones? context: <P> the mating face of the connector. Thus, the male connector consists of only a body, which is generally crimped onto or screwed over the cable shielding braid, and a captive nut, neither of which require t... | answer: > while also allowing for a totally waterproof phoneThat actually wouldn't work. The MagSafe adapter still requires a physical connection of the power pins, the magnet just holds the power connector in place. Using this technology with headphones and the like would still required physical contact between the ... |
110,722 | 3p9zou | why is the honey mustard i eat at restaurants and sandwich places so much better than anything i buy at a store? | Most higher end chain restaurants on up tend to make their own. Usually its cut with about 40-50% mayonnaise too. | [
"Most higher end chain restaurants on up tend to make their own. Usually its cut with about 40-50% mayonnaise too. ",
"Buy a honey mustard DRESSING (I recommend Ken's) opposed to honey mustard dipping sauce. The dressing is going to have the flavor you might be looking for and not that yellow goup that should be... | 2 | [
"Most higher end chain restaurants on up tend to make their own. Usually its cut with about 40-50% mayonnaise too. "
] | 1 | <P> ingredients; superior blending in feed mixtures, and reduced handing costs. It has been widely used in feed formulations for most species, including chickens, turkeys, pigs, beef and dairy cattle, horses, pets, aquaculture and exotic zoo animals. <P> kalabasa).
The seeds, toasted and seasoned, known as pepitas, ar... | question: why is the honey mustard i eat at restaurants and sandwich places so much better than anything i buy at a store? context: <P> ingredients; superior blending in feed mixtures, and reduced handing costs. It has been widely used in feed formulations for most species, including chickens, turkeys, pigs, beef and ... | answer: Most higher end chain restaurants on up tend to make their own. Usually its cut with about 40-50% mayonnaise too. |
70,287 | 799zzn | how are cars found so quickly for criminals who are on the run, especially in random parking lots or wooded areas? | Well, all police departments are give descriptions, really all enforcements departments are. Even sourrounding states, feds etc. then all of their cops out driving around swing by your usual dumping spots, parking lots, rest stop etc.Criminals aren’t so original as to hide their cars in unique spots. Chances are the... | [
"Well, all police departments are give descriptions, really all enforcements departments are. Even sourrounding states, feds etc. then all of their cops out driving around swing by your usual dumping spots, parking lots, rest stop etc.\n\nCriminals aren’t so original as to hide their cars in unique spots. Chance... | 3 | [
"Well, all police departments are give descriptions, really all enforcements departments are. Even sourrounding states, feds etc. then all of their cops out driving around swing by your usual dumping spots, parking lots, rest stop etc.\n\nCriminals aren’t so original as to hide their cars in unique spots. Chance... | 3 | <P> who rob them of all the money and car. <P> The Game Bag Plot In late summer 1991, three Italians reach a hunting reserve in Croatia with a station wagon. They go to deer, but, unaware of what's in store for months, they do not decipher the enigmatic signs that surround them. One of the three is suddenly wounded in ... | question: how are cars found so quickly for criminals who are on the run, especially in random parking lots or wooded areas? context: <P> who rob them of all the money and car. <P> The Game Bag Plot In late summer 1991, three Italians reach a hunting reserve in Croatia with a station wagon. They go to deer, but, unawar... | answer: Well, all police departments are give descriptions, really all enforcements departments are. Even sourrounding states, feds etc. then all of their cops out driving around swing by your usual dumping spots, parking lots, rest stop etc.Criminals aren’t so original as to hide their cars in unique spots. Chances... |
163,494 | v4t2u | Why do we use the same... organ for both reproduction and urination? | Evolution doesn't have a plan. Whatever works best is kept, even if it doesn't seem optimal. We breathe and eat along the same pathway, which makes us susceptible to choking to death, which is a bigger "design flaw" than using a penis for two tasks. I say design flaw in quotes to point out that there is no "design," j... | [
"Evolution doesn't have a plan. Whatever works best is kept, even if it doesn't seem optimal. We breathe and eat along the same pathway, which makes us susceptible to choking to death, which is a bigger \"design flaw\" than using a penis for two tasks. \n\nI say design flaw in quotes to point out that there is no ... | 2 | [
"Evolution doesn't have a plan. Whatever works best is kept, even if it doesn't seem optimal. We breathe and eat along the same pathway, which makes us susceptible to choking to death, which is a bigger \"design flaw\" than using a penis for two tasks. \n\nI say design flaw in quotes to point out that there is no ... | 1 | <P> Fallopian tube Structure Its different segments are (lateral near the ovaries to medial near the uterus): the infundibulum with its associated fimbriae near the ovary, the ampullary region that represents the major portion of the lateral tube, the isthmus the visible medial third segment which is the narrower part ... | question: Why do we use the same... organ for both reproduction and urination? context: <P> Fallopian tube Structure Its different segments are (lateral near the ovaries to medial near the uterus): the infundibulum with its associated fimbriae near the ovary, the ampullary region that represents the major portion of th... | answer: Evolution doesn't have a plan. Whatever works best is kept, even if it doesn't seem optimal. We breathe and eat along the same pathway, which makes us susceptible to choking to death, which is a bigger "design flaw" than using a penis for two tasks. I say design flaw in quotes to point out that there is no "de... |
45,009 | 2wxqe6 | Can anybody help me find a Primary source for Julius Cesar crossing of the Rubicon? | When you say "primary sources" do you mean texts from our corpus of Latin and Greek or do you mean people who were contemporary with it? Classicists rarely use the term at all because of the fact that although most historians writing of various periods in antiquity are so far removed from us that they might be consider... | [
"When you say \"primary sources\" do you mean texts from our corpus of Latin and Greek or do you mean people who were contemporary with it? Classicists rarely use the term at all because of the fact that although most historians writing of various periods in antiquity are so far removed from us that they might be c... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> would choose to cross it unmolested or whether he would allow them to do so unharmed so that the two forces would fight intact, thus giving an accurate test of their valour. Pyrrhus, confident of the strength of his elephants, allowed the Romans to cross the river. However, the Romans deployed their wagons against ... | question: Can anybody help me find a Primary source for Julius Cesar crossing of the Rubicon? context: <P> would choose to cross it unmolested or whether he would allow them to do so unharmed so that the two forces would fight intact, thus giving an accurate test of their valour. Pyrrhus, confident of the strength of h... | answer: When you say "primary sources" do you mean texts from our corpus of Latin and Greek or do you mean people who were contemporary with it? Classicists rarely use the term at all because of the fact that although most historians writing of various periods in antiquity are so far removed from us that they might be ... |
112,548 | ej0x2w | why or why can't we use cloud seeding to fight forest fires? | You need clouds to start with. Cloud seeding just gives the moisture in clouds something to form drops around, so it just makes sense in the narrow band of conditions between rain clouds forming and it raining anyway.Seeding the Australian air to make rain works as well as throwing seeds at your blow drier to make crop... | [
"You need clouds to start with. Cloud seeding just gives the moisture in clouds something to form drops around, so it just makes sense in the narrow band of conditions between rain clouds forming and it raining anyway.\n\nSeeding the Australian air to make rain works as well as throwing seeds at your blow drier to ... | 4 | [
"You need clouds to start with. Cloud seeding just gives the moisture in clouds something to form drops around, so it just makes sense in the narrow band of conditions between rain clouds forming and it raining anyway.\n\nSeeding the Australian air to make rain works as well as throwing seeds at your blow drier to ... | 4 | <P> a slow one that takes several weeks to work. Additionally, the local Alexandrina council had beforehand called for short-billed corellas to be culled for damaging crops and chewing on streetlights, damaging built infrastructure such as buildings and sporting equipment, and displacing other native species of birds a... | question: why or why can't we use cloud seeding to fight forest fires? context: <P> a slow one that takes several weeks to work. Additionally, the local Alexandrina council had beforehand called for short-billed corellas to be culled for damaging crops and chewing on streetlights, damaging built infrastructure such as ... | answer: You need clouds to start with. Cloud seeding just gives the moisture in clouds something to form drops around, so it just makes sense in the narrow band of conditions between rain clouds forming and it raining anyway.Seeding the Australian air to make rain works as well as throwing seeds at your blow drier to m... |
54,893 | 15wycg | Why did so many 18th Century Americans join the Society of Freemasons? | Life insurance. The brotherhood took care of the fam after you die.Lots of insurance companies started as fraternal societies (like farmers insurance)well - see ya later | [
"Life insurance. The brotherhood took care of the fam after you die.\n\nLots of insurance companies started as fraternal societies (like farmers insurance)\n\nwell - see ya later",
"Much like you would think of a fraternal society today, it was a good way to meet friends, talk, and establish valuable connections.... | 3 | [
"Life insurance. The brotherhood took care of the fam after you die.\n\nLots of insurance companies started as fraternal societies (like farmers insurance)\n\nwell - see ya later",
"Much like you would think of a fraternal society today, it was a good way to meet friends, talk, and establish valuable connections.... | 3 | <P> of the day and articles appealing to the membership's professional interests. Little attention was paid to labor-management relations, with the B of LF mildly offering the suggestion that "the oldest firemen in service" should be promoted to positions as engineers "when they are competent and worthy, and opportunit... | question: Why did so many 18th Century Americans join the Society of Freemasons? context: <P> of the day and articles appealing to the membership's professional interests. Little attention was paid to labor-management relations, with the B of LF mildly offering the suggestion that "the oldest firemen in service" should... | answer: Life insurance. The brotherhood took care of the fam after you die.Lots of insurance companies started as fraternal societies (like farmers insurance)well - see ya later |
221,913 | 14me6u | What knockon effects did Edward VIII's abdication have on the British public's perception of royal duty? | I think if you're looking for a concrete "Edward VIII's abdication resulted in A, B, and C being changed in the monarchical system", you may be out of luck as this sort of symbolic system is very difficult to pin down.In addition to that, George VI who succeeded Edward was extremely popular (obviously not among EVERYON... | [
"I think if you're looking for a concrete \"Edward VIII's abdication resulted in A, B, and C being changed in the monarchical system\", you may be out of luck as this sort of symbolic system is very difficult to pin down.\n\nIn addition to that, George VI who succeeded Edward was extremely popular (obviously not am... | 1 | [
"I think if you're looking for a concrete \"Edward VIII's abdication resulted in A, B, and C being changed in the monarchical system\", you may be out of luck as this sort of symbolic system is very difficult to pin down.\n\nIn addition to that, George VI who succeeded Edward was extremely popular (obviously not am... | 1 | <P> costs to the taxpayer; and the Americans suggested that on their leg, the RAF pick them up from Washington DC. Ironically Prince Charles cut the itinerary down to avoid inappropriate and stressful visits and not cost. But the consequences added to the growing disharmony in the royal household, for which Adeane ha... | question: What knockon effects did Edward VIII's abdication have on the British public's perception of royal duty? context: <P> costs to the taxpayer; and the Americans suggested that on their leg, the RAF pick them up from Washington DC. Ironically Prince Charles cut the itinerary down to avoid inappropriate and stre... | answer: I think if you're looking for a concrete "Edward VIII's abdication resulted in A, B, and C being changed in the monarchical system", you may be out of luck as this sort of symbolic system is very difficult to pin down.In addition to that, George VI who succeeded Edward was extremely popular (obviously not among... |
1,330 | 21tgz2 | israel-palestine war. which country started and why? | well, this could be a brief answer to your question _URL_0_ | [
"well, this could be a brief answer to your question _URL_0_ "
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> the mandate into two states, Jewish and Arab, giving about 56% of Mandatory Palestine to the Jewish state. Immediately following the adoption of the Partition Plan by the United Nations General Assembly, the Palestinian Arab leadership rejected the plan to create the as-yet-unnamed Jewish State and launched a guerr... | question: israel-palestine war. which country started and why? context: <P> the mandate into two states, Jewish and Arab, giving about 56% of Mandatory Palestine to the Jewish state. Immediately following the adoption of the Partition Plan by the United Nations General Assembly, the Palestinian Arab leadership rejected... | answer: well, this could be a brief answer to your question _URL_0_ |
45,087 | 1oag2l | why are people so fascinated with popping and gore? | WTF is popping and gore?! | [
"WTF is popping and gore?!"
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> enjoyment by responsible people aware of safety issues and determined to improve safety wherever possible. <P> a wide enough release."
Peter Debruge of Variety said, "Circle, circle, dot, dot. A schoolyard full of anklebiters develops a genuine taste for flesh in Cooties, an irreverent, off-color zom-com that seize... | question: why are people so fascinated with popping and gore? context: <P> enjoyment by responsible people aware of safety issues and determined to improve safety wherever possible. <P> a wide enough release."
Peter Debruge of Variety said, "Circle, circle, dot, dot. A schoolyard full of anklebiters develops a genuine ... | answer: WTF is popping and gore?! |
23,475 | 1r0unt | this might be a stupid question, but how can companies make almost exact copies of name brands, (oreo's, cereal brands, etc) and not be infringing copyrights? | Food can't be copyrighted. It can be patented though. You can make a generic oreo, call it a black and white cookie and sell it. The name isn't to close to an oreo, and the cookie itself isn't patented. In order to get any patent, it must be useful, novel, and non-obvious. Putting creme between two chocolate cookies is... | [
"Food can't be copyrighted. It can be patented though. You can make a generic oreo, call it a black and white cookie and sell it. The name isn't to close to an oreo, and the cookie itself isn't patented. \n\nIn order to get any patent, it must be useful, novel, and non-obvious. Putting creme between two chocolate c... | 1 | [
"Food can't be copyrighted. It can be patented though. You can make a generic oreo, call it a black and white cookie and sell it. The name isn't to close to an oreo, and the cookie itself isn't patented. \n\nIn order to get any patent, it must be useful, novel, and non-obvious. Putting creme between two chocolate c... | 1 | <P> page as "the process of looking up citations" in "a series of books called Shepard's Citations." Such efforts may or may not be successful in preventing genericism in the long run, which depends less on the mark owner's efforts and more on how the public actually perceives and uses the mark. In fact, legally it is ... | question: this might be a stupid question, but how can companies make almost exact copies of name brands, (oreo's, cereal brands, etc) and not be infringing copyrights? context: <P> page as "the process of looking up citations" in "a series of books called Shepard's Citations." Such efforts may or may not be successful... | answer: Food can't be copyrighted. It can be patented though. You can make a generic oreo, call it a black and white cookie and sell it. The name isn't to close to an oreo, and the cookie itself isn't patented. In order to get any patent, it must be useful, novel, and non-obvious. Putting creme between two chocolate co... |
54,712 | 9sawi4 | Through the ages and across regions, what did people use to clean their bums after defecating? Also, in what or where did they defecate? | Tiny rocks found in Pompeii were originally thought to be toys, but were actually used for butt cleaning. People would write the names of their enemies on them. Wish I could remember where I know this from. | [
"Tiny rocks found in Pompeii were originally thought to be toys, but were actually used for butt cleaning. People would write the names of their enemies on them. Wish I could remember where I know this from."
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> to the pot; similar items were made specifically as a moveable bidet. Developments A nineteenth century development is the thunderbox. Cultural significance The Groom of the Stool was a high-ranking courtier who assisted the monarch with the close stool. <P> women to wash their vulva. 1960s: Early years In the earl... | question: Through the ages and across regions, what did people use to clean their bums after defecating? Also, in what or where did they defecate? context: <P> to the pot; similar items were made specifically as a moveable bidet. Developments A nineteenth century development is the thunderbox. Cultural significance The... | answer: Tiny rocks found in Pompeii were originally thought to be toys, but were actually used for butt cleaning. People would write the names of their enemies on them. Wish I could remember where I know this from. |
194,612 | 2cea3h | why does animal abuse get so much more attention (at least here in america) than child abuse? | I have always wondered the answer to this question myself. People go crazy about animals and don't give a shit about people.It boggles my mind that it totally cool for me to kill an animal and eat it, but people go ape shit if it lives in a cage that is to small before I kill it? | [
"Think about this, comedy central runs commercials to donate to African kids so they can eat and commercials to raise money for homeless dogs. This has been going on for years so both must be making money. How can a person donate 15$ to dogs while kids are starving?",
"My guess: If you send 10 bucks to a child ab... | 4 | [
"Think about this, comedy central runs commercials to donate to African kids so they can eat and commercials to raise money for homeless dogs. This has been going on for years so both must be making money. How can a person donate 15$ to dogs while kids are starving?",
"My guess: If you send 10 bucks to a child ab... | 3 | <P> state of a captive or domesticated animal must be taken into account if its behavior and health are to be understood and optimized.
Common causes of disordered behavior in captive or pet animals are lack of stimulation, inappropriate stimulation, or overstimulation. These conditions can lead to disorders, unpredict... | question: why does animal abuse get so much more attention (at least here in america) than child abuse? context: <P> state of a captive or domesticated animal must be taken into account if its behavior and health are to be understood and optimized.
Common causes of disordered behavior in captive or pet animals are lack... | answer: I have always wondered the answer to this question myself. People go crazy about animals and don't give a shit about people.It boggles my mind that it totally cool for me to kill an animal and eat it, but people go ape shit if it lives in a cage that is to small before I kill it? |
92,586 | 2g4igx | why do some chef's knives cost so much? why is japanese steel considered so much better? is it really impossible to "perfect" a knife? | Japanese steel isn't the best. They still make good stuff, but there is not single place that makes the best steel. With the advent of modern metallurgy and the sharing of knowledge, everyone is on an even playing field and the Japanese never were the best in terms of steel quality. The Indians and middle east has that... | [
"The difficult thing is to have steel that can be honed to a fine edge, and have it able to hold that edge for many cuts of things of varying hardness. \n\nWhen knives are made out of cheap steel and without much care, they aren't balance well either. A good chef's knife will almost float in your hand as you're cho... | 3 | [
"Japanese steel isn't the best. They still make good stuff, but there is not single place that makes the best steel. With the advent of modern metallurgy and the sharing of knowledge, everyone is on an even playing field and the Japanese never were the best in terms of steel quality. The Indians and middle east has... | 1 | <P> Muela (knife manufacturer) History The company was founded by Eladio Muela who celebrated, in 2002, 50 years since he created his first knife, a folding model. Materials Most Muela knives are made of stainless steel alloys with vanadium, chromium and molybdenum content; few luxury items are made of pattern welded s... | question: why do some chef's knives cost so much? why is japanese steel considered so much better? is it really impossible to "perfect" a knife? context: <P> Muela (knife manufacturer) History The company was founded by Eladio Muela who celebrated, in 2002, 50 years since he created his first knife, a folding model. Ma... | answer: Japanese steel isn't the best. They still make good stuff, but there is not single place that makes the best steel. With the advent of modern metallurgy and the sharing of knowledge, everyone is on an even playing field and the Japanese never were the best in terms of steel quality. The Indians and middle east ... |
180,914 | 4mau09 | why does grass dominantly cover land on earth? | There are hundreds of species of grasses.They are a very successful family of plants because they can generally grow where larger plants cannot. Allowing them to colonize a lot of marginal land. | [
"There are hundreds of species of grasses.\n\nThey are a very successful family of plants because they can generally grow where larger plants cannot. Allowing them to colonize a lot of marginal land.",
"Grasses are a pretty new ( something like 50 million years old) type of plant, they evolved mechanisms to make ... | 6 | [
"There are hundreds of species of grasses.\n\nThey are a very successful family of plants because they can generally grow where larger plants cannot. Allowing them to colonize a lot of marginal land.",
"Grasses are a pretty new ( something like 50 million years old) type of plant, they evolved mechanisms to make ... | 3 | <P> it has never been ploughed. The dominant grass species are Crested Hair-grass Koeleria cristata, Timothy Grass Phleum pratense and Common Quaking-grass Briza media. Herb species include the locally rare Heath Sedge Carex ericetorum and Bastard Toadflax Comandra umbellata. Scrub has developed along the edge of the d... | question: why does grass dominantly cover land on earth? context: <P> it has never been ploughed. The dominant grass species are Crested Hair-grass Koeleria cristata, Timothy Grass Phleum pratense and Common Quaking-grass Briza media. Herb species include the locally rare Heath Sedge Carex ericetorum and Bastard Toadfl... | answer: There are hundreds of species of grasses.They are a very successful family of plants because they can generally grow where larger plants cannot. Allowing them to colonize a lot of marginal land. |
122,055 | 4ldgmn | Since fruits and vegetables can be grown anytime in a greenhouse, do they taste better when they're in season? | I'd think local would make more difference than "in season." When it comes from far away, it starts it's journey very unripe so that it doesn't rot before arriving at destination and being purchased. When bought locally, it can be picked fully ripened; which would be more natural and might promote flavor as opposed to ... | [
"I'd think local would make more difference than \"in season.\" When it comes from far away, it starts it's journey very unripe so that it doesn't rot before arriving at destination and being purchased. When bought locally, it can be picked fully ripened; which would be more natural and might promote flavor as oppo... | 1 | [
"I'd think local would make more difference than \"in season.\" When it comes from far away, it starts it's journey very unripe so that it doesn't rot before arriving at destination and being purchased. When bought locally, it can be picked fully ripened; which would be more natural and might promote flavor as oppo... | 1 | <P> plants (with a strong collection of beach grass and reed plants), apple trees, crops, and an extensive collection of wild herbs and weeds from fields and vineyards. The greenhouses contain a collection of tropical crops, tropical weeds, and plants that demonstrate animal-plant interactions, as well as a cold house ... | question: Since fruits and vegetables can be grown anytime in a greenhouse, do they taste better when they're in season? context: <P> plants (with a strong collection of beach grass and reed plants), apple trees, crops, and an extensive collection of wild herbs and weeds from fields and vineyards. The greenhouses conta... | answer: I'd think local would make more difference than "in season." When it comes from far away, it starts it's journey very unripe so that it doesn't rot before arriving at destination and being purchased. When bought locally, it can be picked fully ripened; which would be more natural and might promote flavor as opp... |
122,611 | ds24bw | why our eyes sense light when we sleep? | Our eyes sense light so our bodies know to wake up to the rising morning sun. Even though our eyelids are closed, the eyelids don't block all light and some gets through. As the light intensity gets brighter, our bodies recognize it is morning and tells us to wake up.The blue light from the sun and sky set our internal... | [
"Our eyes sense light so our bodies know to wake up to the rising morning sun. Even though our eyelids are closed, the eyelids don't block all light and some gets through. As the light intensity gets brighter, our bodies recognize it is morning and tells us to wake up.\n\nThe blue light from the sun and sky set our... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> at night. <P> over the eyelids. The LEDs flash whenever the mask detects that the wearer has entered REM sleep. The stimulus is incorporated into the wearer's dreams and can be recognised as a sign that they are dreaming.
LaBerge currently lectures at universities and other professional institutions, and hosts luci... | question: why our eyes sense light when we sleep? context: <P> at night. <P> over the eyelids. The LEDs flash whenever the mask detects that the wearer has entered REM sleep. The stimulus is incorporated into the wearer's dreams and can be recognised as a sign that they are dreaming.
LaBerge currently lectures at unive... | answer: Our eyes sense light so our bodies know to wake up to the rising morning sun. Even though our eyelids are closed, the eyelids don't block all light and some gets through. As the light intensity gets brighter, our bodies recognize it is morning and tells us to wake up.The blue light from the sun and sky set our ... |
93,718 | 30fehx | why does my car a/c sometimes smell like ass? | Maybe it's circulating air from the inside of your car. | [
"Maybe it's circulating air from the inside of your car.",
"Could be a couple of reasons\n\n- Stale air in the vent\n\n- Bad filter\n\n- Someone shit in your vent",
"The same reason your neighbor's cat has been missing.",
"I was told by someone that the coolant that the a/c\n molds when you stop the a/c. When... | 8 | [
"Maybe it's circulating air from the inside of your car.",
"Could be a couple of reasons\n\n- Stale air in the vent\n\n- Bad filter\n\n- Someone shit in your vent",
"Air conditioners create water as a byproduct when the hot air goes over the cold coil. This normally isn't a problem as the water is drained out u... | 3 | <P> Metheringham Lass The Metheringham Lass is the name given to an apparition which has been reported at RAF Metheringham.
Reports have stated that the woman, wearing a jacket bearing RAF insignia, approaches cars as they pass the old airfield, sometimes even physically interacting with the car. She begs the driver to... | question: why does my car a/c sometimes smell like ass? context: <P> Metheringham Lass The Metheringham Lass is the name given to an apparition which has been reported at RAF Metheringham.
Reports have stated that the woman, wearing a jacket bearing RAF insignia, approaches cars as they pass the old airfield, sometimes... | answer: Maybe it's circulating air from the inside of your car. |
161,324 | 7tzxe0 | Why is Mongolia free, when it it surrounded by two non free states? | This submission has been removed because it violates our ['20-Year Rule'](_URL_0_). To discourage off-topic discussions of current events, questions, answers and all other comments must be confined to events that happened 20 years ago or more. For further explanation of this rule, feel free to consult [this Rules Round... | [
"This submission has been removed because it violates our ['20-Year Rule'](_URL_0_). To discourage off-topic discussions of current events, questions, answers and all other comments must be confined to events that happened 20 years ago or more. For further explanation of this rule, feel free to consult [this Rules ... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> Mongolia is a semi-presidential representative democratic republic with a directly elected President. The people also elect the deputies in the national assembly, the State Great Khural. The president appoints the prime minister, and nominates the cabinet on the proposal of the prime minister. The constitution of M... | question: Why is Mongolia free, when it it surrounded by two non free states? context: <P> Mongolia is a semi-presidential representative democratic republic with a directly elected President. The people also elect the deputies in the national assembly, the State Great Khural. The president appoints the prime minister,... | answer: This submission has been removed because it violates our ['20-Year Rule'](_URL_0_). To discourage off-topic discussions of current events, questions, answers and all other comments must be confined to events that happened 20 years ago or more. For further explanation of this rule, feel free to consult [this Rul... |
182,954 | 4iwaik | how does youtube's auto-generated subtitles work? | Google took hundreds of hours of accurately subtitled video and fed it to a machine learning program that linked sound snippets to written words statistically. Then they had it run through YouTube matching sounds in videos to words, creating subtitles. They then flagged incorrect subtitles and fed that information back... | [
"Google took hundreds of hours of accurately subtitled video and fed it to a machine learning program that linked sound snippets to written words statistically. Then they had it run through YouTube matching sounds in videos to words, creating subtitles. They then flagged incorrect subtitles and fed that information... | 3 | [
"Google took hundreds of hours of accurately subtitled video and fed it to a machine learning program that linked sound snippets to written words statistically. Then they had it run through YouTube matching sounds in videos to words, creating subtitles. They then flagged incorrect subtitles and fed that information... | 1 | <P> event, with continual audio of the language:
Pasola Desa Ratenggaro, Kec. Kodi Bangedo - Sumba Barat Daya <P> also appear, such as {laughter} or {applause}, to denote relevant events.
Occasional mondegreen errors may be seen in closed-captions when the computer software fails to distinguish where a word break occur... | question: how does youtube's auto-generated subtitles work? context: <P> event, with continual audio of the language:
Pasola Desa Ratenggaro, Kec. Kodi Bangedo - Sumba Barat Daya <P> also appear, such as {laughter} or {applause}, to denote relevant events.
Occasional mondegreen errors may be seen in closed-captions whe... | answer: Google took hundreds of hours of accurately subtitled video and fed it to a machine learning program that linked sound snippets to written words statistically. Then they had it run through YouTube matching sounds in videos to words, creating subtitles. They then flagged incorrect subtitles and fed that informat... |
61,175 | 1lmik7 | Is it possible that the natives of eastern Britain spoke a Germanic language before the Anglo-Saxons arrived? | Old and Middle Englishes were not siblings, rather one flows into the next. I'll address each bullet with a bullet of my own. Also, the language of England before the Anglo-Saxon invasion was a P-Celtic tongue; the language of England before the Celtic invasion was a Paleo-European tongue.* That would obviously be beca... | [
"Old and Middle Englishes were not siblings, rather one flows into the next. I'll address each bullet with a bullet of my own. Also, the language of England before the Anglo-Saxon invasion was a P-Celtic tongue; the language of England before the Celtic invasion was a Paleo-European tongue.\n\n* That would obviousl... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> a largely unrecorded, massive linguistic extinction event, most likely through language shift. Kroonen's 2015 study purports to show that Pre-Indo-European speech contains a clear Neolithic signature emanating from the Aegean language family and thus patterns with the prehistoric migration of Europe’s first farmin... | question: Is it possible that the natives of eastern Britain spoke a Germanic language before the Anglo-Saxons arrived? context: <P> a largely unrecorded, massive linguistic extinction event, most likely through language shift. Kroonen's 2015 study purports to show that Pre-Indo-European speech contains a clear Neolit... | answer: Old and Middle Englishes were not siblings, rather one flows into the next. I'll address each bullet with a bullet of my own. Also, the language of England before the Anglo-Saxon invasion was a P-Celtic tongue; the language of England before the Celtic invasion was a Paleo-European tongue.* That would obviously... |
189,017 | x4jjk | how do game bits work? 8-bit, 16bit, 32-bit etc. | The NES comes from the "8-bit era" of consoles, which included the NES and the Sega Master System. These consoles are based around 8-bit processors, which generally store and process data 8 bits at a time.In computer parlance, 8 bits make one byte. Many NES games have a limit of 255 on certain items (such as The Legend... | [
"The NES comes from the \"8-bit era\" of consoles, which included the NES and the Sega Master System. These consoles are based around 8-bit processors, which generally store and process data 8 bits at a time.\n\nIn computer parlance, 8 bits make one byte. Many NES games have a limit of 255 on certain items (such as... | 2 | [
"The NES comes from the \"8-bit era\" of consoles, which included the NES and the Sega Master System. These consoles are based around 8-bit processors, which generally store and process data 8 bits at a time.\n\nIn computer parlance, 8 bits make one byte. Many NES games have a limit of 255 on certain items (such as... | 1 | <P> instructions that fetch a single 8-bit byte. The address is broken into two parts, the 5 most significant bits refer to one of 32 "pages", while the 10 least significant bits are the "displacement" pointing to a single word within the 1,024-word page. With the DMS system in the 21MX series, the upper 5 bits are ins... | question: how do game bits work? 8-bit, 16bit, 32-bit etc. context: <P> instructions that fetch a single 8-bit byte. The address is broken into two parts, the 5 most significant bits refer to one of 32 "pages", while the 10 least significant bits are the "displacement" pointing to a single word within the 1,024-word pa... | answer: The NES comes from the "8-bit era" of consoles, which included the NES and the Sega Master System. These consoles are based around 8-bit processors, which generally store and process data 8 bits at a time.In computer parlance, 8 bits make one byte. Many NES games have a limit of 255 on certain items (such as Th... |
155,496 | 4pivjt | Did medieval armies look rag tag, or were they smart and regimented? | Partially copied from my answer in another thread: The question of visual appearance of medieval soldiers is an interesting one. Medieval soldiers often equipped themselves personally, so their armor and weaponry would most likely reflect popular regional styles from where they lived. Uniforms were not issues, but ther... | [
"Partially copied from my answer in another thread: \n\nThe question of visual appearance of medieval soldiers is an interesting one. Medieval soldiers often equipped themselves personally, so their armor and weaponry would most likely reflect popular regional styles from where they lived. Uniforms were not issues,... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> They have been likened to the tank of the Ancient World. Their armour enabled them to attack enemy infantry and cavalry with confidence and virtually ignore missile fire. However, the armour was heavy and both soldier and mount could tire quickly in battle, and therefore become vulnerable to counterattack. In parti... | question: Did medieval armies look rag tag, or were they smart and regimented? context: <P> They have been likened to the tank of the Ancient World. Their armour enabled them to attack enemy infantry and cavalry with confidence and virtually ignore missile fire. However, the armour was heavy and both soldier and mount ... | answer: Partially copied from my answer in another thread: The question of visual appearance of medieval soldiers is an interesting one. Medieval soldiers often equipped themselves personally, so their armor and weaponry would most likely reflect popular regional styles from where they lived. Uniforms were not issues, ... |
71,417 | 2gefzs | why does it seem like so many british people are joining isis? | Media sensationalism. There's no concrete number of British youths joining ISIS but many estimate it as around 500-1000 which isn't many considering there are roughly 1-1.5 million Muslims living in the UK.Now, back to your question. In Islam, it is said that there will be a caliphate near end times. These British yout... | [
"The north of England has a Huge muslim community. The last decade of Left leaning government has made it impossible to openly combat their redicallisation without fear of being branded Racist and our open door policy to asylum seekers from the middle east has invited radical teachers into our communities. \n\n",
... | 3 | [
"The north of England has a Huge muslim community. The last decade of Left leaning government has made it impossible to openly combat their redicallisation without fear of being branded Racist and our open door policy to asylum seekers from the middle east has invited radical teachers into our communities. \n\n",
... | 2 | <P> militaristic and violent nature of the group, particularly in recruiting and training ex-soldiers, and unlawfully wearing political uniforms. Members of the group, including its founder Jim Dowson, have stated their desire for a religious war in the UK.
A 2014 report on the links between Britain First and terrorist... | question: why does it seem like so many british people are joining isis? context: <P> militaristic and violent nature of the group, particularly in recruiting and training ex-soldiers, and unlawfully wearing political uniforms. Members of the group, including its founder Jim Dowson, have stated their desire for a relig... | answer: Media sensationalism. There's no concrete number of British youths joining ISIS but many estimate it as around 500-1000 which isn't many considering there are roughly 1-1.5 million Muslims living in the UK.Now, back to your question. In Islam, it is said that there will be a caliphate near end times. These Brit... |
115,825 | 2kjo5e | why don't market forces and competition drive down the cost of medical procedures? | The medical field is so highly regulated there is little room for competition. Coupled with massive consumer side subsidising, private and public, causing endless demand. Malpractice insurance us a run away giant in this country as well. Then you have the inability for hospitals to turn away patients which creates deb... | [
"The medical field is so highly regulated there is little room for competition. Coupled with massive consumer side subsidising, private and public, causing endless demand. Malpractice insurance us a run away giant in this country as well. Then you have the inability for hospitals to turn away patients which create... | 3 | [] | 0 | <P> manipulate demand. They may be more enthusiastic about certain procedures they perform because they generate more revenue or because they value the surgical treatment. Overutilization The simple adage, "if you build it they will come," applies to SID and the medical profession. It appears when resources are availa... | question: why don't market forces and competition drive down the cost of medical procedures? context: <P> manipulate demand. They may be more enthusiastic about certain procedures they perform because they generate more revenue or because they value the surgical treatment. Overutilization The simple adage, "if you bui... | answer: The medical field is so highly regulated there is little room for competition. Coupled with massive consumer side subsidising, private and public, causing endless demand. Malpractice insurance us a run away giant in this country as well. Then you have the inability for hospitals to turn away patients which cre... |
147,389 | ckwff9 | Did Lenin wish for Trotsky to be his successor, and if so, how did Stalin take that role as secretary general instead? | The classic academic overview of Lenin's final writings is Moshe Lewin's *Lenin's Last Struggle*, first published in 1968. Here, he points out that it is important to take Lenin's "Testament" in context, and as a series of documents rather than a single text. The "Testament" was written (actually, dictated, since Lenin... | [
"The classic academic overview of Lenin's final writings is Moshe Lewin's *Lenin's Last Struggle*, first published in 1968. Here, he points out that it is important to take Lenin's \"Testament\" in context, and as a series of documents rather than a single text. \n\nThe \"Testament\" was written (actually, dictated... | 1 | [
"The classic academic overview of Lenin's final writings is Moshe Lewin's *Lenin's Last Struggle*, first published in 1968. Here, he points out that it is important to take Lenin's \"Testament\" in context, and as a series of documents rather than a single text. \n\nThe \"Testament\" was written (actually, dictated... | 1 | <P> stroke in January 1924.
As a result of Lenin's illness, the position of general secretary became more important than had originally been envisioned and Stalin's power grew. Following Lenin's third stroke a troika made up of Stalin, Zinoviev and Kamenev emerged to take day to day leadership of the party and the coun... | question: Did Lenin wish for Trotsky to be his successor, and if so, how did Stalin take that role as secretary general instead? context: <P> stroke in January 1924.
As a result of Lenin's illness, the position of general secretary became more important than had originally been envisioned and Stalin's power grew. Follo... | answer: The classic academic overview of Lenin's final writings is Moshe Lewin's *Lenin's Last Struggle*, first published in 1968. Here, he points out that it is important to take Lenin's "Testament" in context, and as a series of documents rather than a single text. The "Testament" was written (actually, dictated, sin... |
134,381 | 4ilg2h | Are the minuscule slices of time right after the big bang measured in our reference frame? Or that of the early universe? | As the universe would be homogeneous or nearly homogeneous at this time, everywhere shared the same "cosmic time." This is why the age of the universe should be approximately the same for observers in a distant galaxy as it is to us. (Caveat that we exclude deviant motion away from the Hubble flow)When you ask, 'would ... | [
"As the universe would be homogeneous or nearly homogeneous at this time, everywhere shared the same \"cosmic time.\" This is why the age of the universe should be approximately the same for observers in a distant galaxy as it is to us. (Caveat that we exclude deviant motion away from the Hubble flow)\n\nWhen you a... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> perspective of the point of origin of the Big Bang, according to Einstein's equations of the 'stretching factor', time dilates by a factor of roughly 1,000,000,000,000, meaning one trillion days on earth would appear to pass as one day from that point, due to the stretching of space. When applied to the estimated a... | question: Are the minuscule slices of time right after the big bang measured in our reference frame? Or that of the early universe? context: <P> perspective of the point of origin of the Big Bang, according to Einstein's equations of the 'stretching factor', time dilates by a factor of roughly 1,000,000,000,000, meanin... | answer: As the universe would be homogeneous or nearly homogeneous at this time, everywhere shared the same "cosmic time." This is why the age of the universe should be approximately the same for observers in a distant galaxy as it is to us. (Caveat that we exclude deviant motion away from the Hubble flow)When you ask,... |
128,933 | b7libp | Why was clause 23 included in the Magna Carta? | [I remembered an earlier post with similar information in the answer](_URL_0_)! It isn’t exact though, so I’ll be fascinated to see direct answers here!/u/sunagainstgold | [
"[I remembered an earlier post with similar information in the answer](_URL_0_)! It isn’t exact though, so I’ll be fascinated to see direct answers here!\n\n/u/sunagainstgold",
"edit: april fools disclaimer etc\n\nThe Magna Carta's main purpose was to limit the powers of the Crown at a time when it was popularly ... | 2 | [
"[I remembered an earlier post with similar information in the answer](_URL_0_)! It isn’t exact though, so I’ll be fascinated to see direct answers here!\n\n/u/sunagainstgold",
"edit: april fools disclaimer etc\n\nThe Magna Carta's main purpose was to limit the powers of the Crown at a time when it was popularly ... | 2 | <P> that Marius should have authority to make three Roman citizens in every colony.
Another provision required that the senators should take an oath to obey the law within five days and anyone who refused to do so should be expelled from the Senate and pay a fine of twenty talen... | question: Why was clause 23 included in the Magna Carta? context: <P> that Marius should have authority to make three Roman citizens in every colony.
Another provision required that the senators should take an oath to obey the law within five days and anyone who refused to do so... | answer: [I remembered an earlier post with similar information in the answer](_URL_0_)! It isn’t exact though, so I’ll be fascinated to see direct answers here!/u/sunagainstgold |
122,437 | nhzq8 | If someone was shot in the stomach, could their stomach acid leak out and damage other organs? | Generally speaking a perforation in the lower bowel is a far more serious thing than a perforation to the stomach. This is because the fluid that leaks out of the colon contains bacteria which contaminate the usually sterile abdominal cavity. This causes a condition called faecal peritonitis, and can go on to septic sh... | [
"Generally speaking a perforation in the lower bowel is a far more serious thing than a perforation to the stomach. This is because the fluid that leaks out of the colon contains bacteria which contaminate the usually sterile abdominal cavity. This causes a condition called faecal peritonitis, and can go on to sept... | 4 | [
"Generally speaking a perforation in the lower bowel is a far more serious thing than a perforation to the stomach. This is because the fluid that leaks out of the colon contains bacteria which contaminate the usually sterile abdominal cavity. This causes a condition called faecal peritonitis, and can go on to sept... | 4 | <P> the risk of fatal poisoning. <P> and resulting electrolyte imbalances. The stomach (gastrotomy) or intestine (enterotomy) can be surgically opened to remove the foreign body. Necrotic intestine can be removed (enterectomy) and repaired with intestinal anastomosis. Foreign bodies can also be removed by endoscopy,... | question: If someone was shot in the stomach, could their stomach acid leak out and damage other organs? context: <P> the risk of fatal poisoning. <P> and resulting electrolyte imbalances. The stomach (gastrotomy) or intestine (enterotomy) can be surgically opened to remove the foreign body. Necrotic intestine can be... | answer: Generally speaking a perforation in the lower bowel is a far more serious thing than a perforation to the stomach. This is because the fluid that leaks out of the colon contains bacteria which contaminate the usually sterile abdominal cavity. This causes a condition called faecal peritonitis, and can go on to s... |
83,087 | 1t0cgc | How long can a plant/animal fossil last? More specifically on Mars? | There are [stromatolite](_URL_0_) fossils on earth dating back 3.5 billion years. A stromatolite is basically a rock formed from sedimentation around an accumulating mat of cyanobacteria. Earth is rather more active geologically than Mars, so I think it's safe to say that if stromatolites were present 3 billion yea... | [
"There are [stromatolite](_URL_0_) fossils on earth dating back 3.5 billion years. A stromatolite is basically a rock formed from sedimentation around an accumulating mat of cyanobacteria. Earth is rather more active geologically than Mars, so I think it's safe to say that if stromatolites were present 3 billio... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> biochar. While the pyrogases mostly condense into liquid bio-oil, which may be used as an energy source, biochar has been proposed as a tool for sequestering carbon in soil.
Once mixed into soil, biochar, which is less susceptible to remineralization into CO₂ and CH₄ than non-pyrogenic biomass, fragments into micro... | question: How long can a plant/animal fossil last? More specifically on Mars? context: <P> biochar. While the pyrogases mostly condense into liquid bio-oil, which may be used as an energy source, biochar has been proposed as a tool for sequestering carbon in soil.
Once mixed into soil, biochar, which is less susceptibl... | answer: There are [stromatolite](_URL_0_) fossils on earth dating back 3.5 billion years. A stromatolite is basically a rock formed from sedimentation around an accumulating mat of cyanobacteria. Earth is rather more active geologically than Mars, so I think it's safe to say that if stromatolites were present 3 bil... |
58,483 | 8zj497 | are arthropods cold-blooded? | Like fish and reptiles, arthropods are unable to regulate their body temperature. However they don't exactly have "blood", so describing them as "cold-blooded" may be a little off. | [
"Arthropods are cold blooded -- which means, their body temperature depends on the temperature of the environment surrounding them. Arthropods are some of the most interesting animals in the world! They fly, they creep, and they crawl.",
"Like fish and reptiles, arthropods are unable to regulate their body temper... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> been useless as thermoregulatory devices. The large sail of Dimetrodon is thought to have developed gradually from these smaller crests, meaning that over most of the sail's evolutionary history, thermoregulation could not have served an important function.
Larger bodied specimens of Dimetrodon have larger sails re... | question: are arthropods cold-blooded? context: <P> been useless as thermoregulatory devices. The large sail of Dimetrodon is thought to have developed gradually from these smaller crests, meaning that over most of the sail's evolutionary history, thermoregulation could not have served an important function.
Larger bod... | answer: Like fish and reptiles, arthropods are unable to regulate their body temperature. However they don't exactly have "blood", so describing them as "cold-blooded" may be a little off. |
141,149 | 1p4bug | How would you ground electronics in the space station? | There is a defined 'ground' on any spacecraft. Normally you use the main structure, but it can be different. Obviously this ground will not be at 0V compared to the actual ground (which isn't chargeless anyway), but as long as everything is coupled to the same 'ground', it's fine, since voltages are potential *differen... | [
"There is a defined 'ground' on any spacecraft. Normally you use the main structure, but it can be different. Obviously this ground will not be at 0V compared to the actual ground (which isn't chargeless anyway), but as long as everything is coupled to the same 'ground', it's fine, since voltages are potential *dif... | 21 | [
"There is a defined 'ground' on any spacecraft. Normally you use the main structure, but it can be different. Obviously this ground will not be at 0V compared to the actual ground (which isn't chargeless anyway), but as long as everything is coupled to the same 'ground', it's fine, since voltages are potential *dif... | 11 | <P> formation of bubbles on the surface of the cavity, which would cause mechanical perturbations. An antenna is needed in the setup to couple RF power to the cavity fields and, in turn, any passing particle beam. The cold portions of the setup need to be extremely well insulated, which is best accomplished by a vacu... | question: How would you ground electronics in the space station? context: <P> formation of bubbles on the surface of the cavity, which would cause mechanical perturbations. An antenna is needed in the setup to couple RF power to the cavity fields and, in turn, any passing particle beam. The cold portions of the setup... | answer: There is a defined 'ground' on any spacecraft. Normally you use the main structure, but it can be different. Obviously this ground will not be at 0V compared to the actual ground (which isn't chargeless anyway), but as long as everything is coupled to the same 'ground', it's fine, since voltages are potential *... |
164,795 | 3muys0 | Was there any "copyright" on coat of arms in feudal Europe? | When Francis Drake was knighted by Queen Elizabeth, he attempted to use the coat of arms of one Sir Bernard Drake. However, Sir Bernard objected to this, claiming that Francis was not related to his branch of the family and therefore not entitled to his arms, a disagreement that apparently came to blows. Queen Elizabet... | [
"When Francis Drake was knighted by Queen Elizabeth, he attempted to use the coat of arms of one Sir Bernard Drake. However, Sir Bernard objected to this, claiming that Francis was not related to his branch of the family and therefore not entitled to his arms, a disagreement that apparently came to blows. Queen Eli... | 1 | [
"When Francis Drake was knighted by Queen Elizabeth, he attempted to use the coat of arms of one Sir Bernard Drake. However, Sir Bernard objected to this, claiming that Francis was not related to his branch of the family and therefore not entitled to his arms, a disagreement that apparently came to blows. Queen Eli... | 1 | <P> of the Statute of Quia Emptores. Alienation by a tenant-in-chief of the crown without licence was a ground of forfeiture until 1327, when a fine was substituted.
The influence of local custom upon the land law must have become weakened after the circuits of the judges of the King's Court were established by Henry I... | question: Was there any "copyright" on coat of arms in feudal Europe? context: <P> of the Statute of Quia Emptores. Alienation by a tenant-in-chief of the crown without licence was a ground of forfeiture until 1327, when a fine was substituted.
The influence of local custom upon the land law must have become weakened a... | answer: When Francis Drake was knighted by Queen Elizabeth, he attempted to use the coat of arms of one Sir Bernard Drake. However, Sir Bernard objected to this, claiming that Francis was not related to his branch of the family and therefore not entitled to his arms, a disagreement that apparently came to blows. Queen ... |
29,227 | 1isp9r | How old did people get in acient times? (Like the Roman Empire period) | There is evidence of people who made it to at least their 80s, such as Cato the Elder, who apparently lived to be 85 years old. However making it to this age was a LOT less common than it is these days. The average life expectancy in Rome was around 25, however this would have been brought down by a reasonably high inf... | [
"There is evidence of people who made it to at least their 80s, such as Cato the Elder, who apparently lived to be 85 years old. However making it to this age was a LOT less common than it is these days. The average life expectancy in Rome was around 25, however this would have been brought down by a reasonably hig... | 5 | [
"There is evidence of people who made it to at least their 80s, such as Cato the Elder, who apparently lived to be 85 years old. However making it to this age was a LOT less common than it is these days. The average life expectancy in Rome was around 25, however this would have been brought down by a reasonably hig... | 4 | <P> of centenarians, consistent with the DNA damage theory of aging. Change over time In preindustrial times, deaths at young and middle age were more common than they are today. This is not due to genetics, but because of environmental factors such as disease, accidents, and malnutrition, especially since the former w... | question: How old did people get in acient times? (Like the Roman Empire period) context: <P> of centenarians, consistent with the DNA damage theory of aging. Change over time In preindustrial times, deaths at young and middle age were more common than they are today. This is not due to genetics, but because of environ... | answer: There is evidence of people who made it to at least their 80s, such as Cato the Elder, who apparently lived to be 85 years old. However making it to this age was a LOT less common than it is these days. The average life expectancy in Rome was around 25, however this would have been brought down by a reasonably ... |
60,612 | fp5310 | Why don't Christmas lights get dimmer as you go down the string? Does each light not suck up some of the energy? | For series lightsThe same amount of current goes through each light, meaning each light uses the same amount of energy.As you go down the strand energy decreases, but at a constant amount for each light (assuming same resistance).For parallel lightsAll the lights are wired independently and there is no first light. | [
"Because that’s not how electric potential works. \n\nThink of the wire like a pipe of water. Each light is a spout along the pipe. The pressure is the same at each spout, rather than one end having all the pressure and the other end having none\n\nEdit: in this analogy the pipe is horizontal. With a vertical pipe,... | 3 | [
"Because that’s not how electric potential works. \n\nThink of the wire like a pipe of water. Each light is a spout along the pipe. The pressure is the same at each spout, rather than one end having all the pressure and the other end having none\n\nEdit: in this analogy the pipe is horizontal. With a vertical pipe,... | 2 | <P> are LEDs, ordinary miniature light bulbs, or the larger C7/C9 type light bulbs. Other factors include the voltage of the set and the size of the wiring in the set. Those with questions should consult the manufacturer's instructions or an electrician.
Most light sets come with built in fuses to help protect against ... | question: Why don't Christmas lights get dimmer as you go down the string? Does each light not suck up some of the energy? context: <P> are LEDs, ordinary miniature light bulbs, or the larger C7/C9 type light bulbs. Other factors include the voltage of the set and the size of the wiring in the set. Those with questions... | answer: For series lightsThe same amount of current goes through each light, meaning each light uses the same amount of energy.As you go down the strand energy decreases, but at a constant amount for each light (assuming same resistance).For parallel lightsAll the lights are wired independently and there is no first li... |
12,944 | 1jqo3p | does rogaine work, and if so, how? | Interesting story. Science isn't perfectly clear on the why/how.Minoxidil (Rogain) is a [edit: *anti*hypertensive] ~~hypetensive~~ (high blood pressure) drug, and they discovered the hair growth as a side effect of prescribing it for high blood pressure. They think that maybe the drug widens blood vessels and opening p... | [
"Interesting story. Science isn't perfectly clear on the why/how.\n\nMinoxidil (Rogain) is a [edit: *anti*hypertensive] ~~hypetensive~~ (high blood pressure) drug, and they discovered the hair growth as a side effect of prescribing it for high blood pressure. They think that maybe the drug widens blood vessels and ... | 31 | [
"Interesting story. Science isn't perfectly clear on the why/how.\n\nMinoxidil (Rogain) is a [edit: *anti*hypertensive] ~~hypetensive~~ (high blood pressure) drug, and they discovered the hair growth as a side effect of prescribing it for high blood pressure. They think that maybe the drug widens blood vessels and ... | 14 | <P> due to the autoimmune disease, Alopecia areata, or to chemotherapy have been successfully treated with FP agonists in small Translational research studies. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of 16 men with male pattern baldness (also termed androgenetic alopecia) topical application of th... | question: does rogaine work, and if so, how? context: <P> due to the autoimmune disease, Alopecia areata, or to chemotherapy have been successfully treated with FP agonists in small Translational research studies. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of 16 men with male pattern baldness (also t... | answer: Interesting story. Science isn't perfectly clear on the why/how.Minoxidil (Rogain) is a [edit: *anti*hypertensive] ~~hypetensive~~ (high blood pressure) drug, and they discovered the hair growth as a side effect of prescribing it for high blood pressure. They think that maybe the drug widens blood vessels and o... |
154,947 | bjbv8g | how does health insurance through your employer work? | What did your HR department say? | [
"What did your HR department say?"
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> to alternative ways to finance their healthcare plans. Consumer driven plans have become popular recently as employers look to shift some of the accountability to employees. HSAs (health savings accounts) and HRA (health reimbursement accounts) encourage employees to shop around for the best value when considerin... | question: how does health insurance through your employer work? context: <P> to alternative ways to finance their healthcare plans. Consumer driven plans have become popular recently as employers look to shift some of the accountability to employees. HSAs (health savings accounts) and HRA (health reimbursement accoun... | answer: What did your HR department say? |
110,419 | 2fctyt | how are countries economies affected by war when they are not directly fighting at home? | Scarcity of goods and the need to send goods overseas to soldiers all negatively impact the economy. Soldiers need to eat, be supplied to be effective and need skilled support staff such as doctors and nurses to assist in their efforts. At the same time, those not fighting also need the same goods. Couple that with the... | [
"Scarcity of goods and the need to send goods overseas to soldiers all negatively impact the economy. Soldiers need to eat, be supplied to be effective and need skilled support staff such as doctors and nurses to assist in their efforts. At the same time, those not fighting also need the same goods. Couple that wit... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> with the Third Reich. In the Case of IBM they developed technologies that were used to count, catalog, and select Jewish people whom could then be targeted for efficient asset confiscation, consolidation in ghettos, deportation, enslaved labor, and, ultimately, annihilation. Commodity dealers War usually leads to a... | question: how are countries economies affected by war when they are not directly fighting at home? context: <P> with the Third Reich. In the Case of IBM they developed technologies that were used to count, catalog, and select Jewish people whom could then be targeted for efficient asset confiscation, consolidation in g... | answer: Scarcity of goods and the need to send goods overseas to soldiers all negatively impact the economy. Soldiers need to eat, be supplied to be effective and need skilled support staff such as doctors and nurses to assist in their efforts. At the same time, those not fighting also need the same goods. Couple that ... |
1,350 | 3dbqk5 | When doing statistics, is too large of a sample size ever a bad thing? | The only way I can think of would be if your sample size is larger than your population of interest. For example, if you want to figure something out about a population of 10,000 people and you poll 20,000 people, you've clearly polled at least 10,000 people that are not part of your population of interest. | [
"The only way I can think of would be if your sample size is larger than your population of interest. For example, if you want to figure something out about a population of 10,000 people and you poll 20,000 people, you've clearly polled at least 10,000 people that are not part of your population of interest.",
"Y... | 11 | [
"The only way I can think of would be if your sample size is larger than your population of interest. For example, if you want to figure something out about a population of 10,000 people and you poll 20,000 people, you've clearly polled at least 10,000 people that are not part of your population of interest.",
"Y... | 8 | <P> sample brings bias into question, which limits the types of statistical analyzes you may reasonably perform, and there are considerable limits to an experts ability to choose a good sample. <P> study staff are present and by maintaining data confidentiality after surveys are complete. Including assurances of data ... | question: When doing statistics, is too large of a sample size ever a bad thing? context: <P> sample brings bias into question, which limits the types of statistical analyzes you may reasonably perform, and there are considerable limits to an experts ability to choose a good sample. <P> study staff are present and by m... | answer: The only way I can think of would be if your sample size is larger than your population of interest. For example, if you want to figure something out about a population of 10,000 people and you poll 20,000 people, you've clearly polled at least 10,000 people that are not part of your population of interest. |
4,741 | 7ey3t3 | why sms messages cannot come in bold/italic/underlined, etc | Technically, they can. But the support for such formatting has to be widespread and unified between phone hardware manufacturers for it to be useful, which is obviously not the case now.Also, the SMS protocol has been designed with a limited message length in mind, adding the formatting would make the message even sho... | [
"Technically, they can. \nBut the support for such formatting has to be widespread and unified between phone hardware manufacturers for it to be useful, which is obviously not the case now.\nAlso, the SMS protocol has been designed with a limited message length in mind, adding the formatting would make the message... | 1 | [
"Technically, they can. \nBut the support for such formatting has to be widespread and unified between phone hardware manufacturers for it to be useful, which is obviously not the case now.\nAlso, the SMS protocol has been designed with a limited message length in mind, adding the formatting would make the message... | 1 | <P> TON (5) and NPI (0), which yields D0 hex. The complete address in the GSM format is 14 D0 C4 F2 3C 7D 76 03 90 EF 76 19. Message Reference The Message Reference field (TP-MR) is used in all messages on the submission side with exception of the SMS-SUBMIT-REPORT (that is in SMS-SUBMIT, SMS-COMMAND and SMS-STATUS-REP... | question: why sms messages cannot come in bold/italic/underlined, etc context: <P> TON (5) and NPI (0), which yields D0 hex. The complete address in the GSM format is 14 D0 C4 F2 3C 7D 76 03 90 EF 76 19. Message Reference The Message Reference field (TP-MR) is used in all messages on the submission side with exception ... | answer: Technically, they can. But the support for such formatting has to be widespread and unified between phone hardware manufacturers for it to be useful, which is obviously not the case now.Also, the SMS protocol has been designed with a limited message length in mind, adding the formatting would make the message ... |
73,041 | 3ibtfo | Why is neutral the second and "1." the first gear on a motorcycle? Like (1-N-2-3-4-5-6). | Not exactly a scientific answer/source, but then again, it's not really a scientific question.There are bikes with the shift pattern N-1-2-3..., but 1-N-2-3... is often the design, for convenience and safety. It's easier to get to first gear and harder to accidentally start in neutral (rolling to a stop at a red light ... | [
"Not exactly a scientific answer/source, but then again, it's not really a scientific question.\n\nThere are bikes with the shift pattern N-1-2-3..., but 1-N-2-3... is often the design, for convenience and safety. It's easier to get to first gear and harder to accidentally start in neutral (rolling to a stop at a r... | 2 | [
"Not exactly a scientific answer/source, but then again, it's not really a scientific question.\n\nThere are bikes with the shift pattern N-1-2-3..., but 1-N-2-3... is often the design, for convenience and safety. It's easier to get to first gear and harder to accidentally start in neutral (rolling to a stop at a r... | 2 | <P> diagram, the red and blue gears give the first stage of reduction and the orange and green gears give the second stage of reduction. The total reduction is the product of the first stage of reduction and the second stage of reduction.
It is essential to have two coupled gears, of different sizes, on the intermediat... | question: Why is neutral the second and "1." the first gear on a motorcycle? Like (1-N-2-3-4-5-6). context: <P> diagram, the red and blue gears give the first stage of reduction and the orange and green gears give the second stage of reduction. The total reduction is the product of the first stage of reduction and the ... | answer: Not exactly a scientific answer/source, but then again, it's not really a scientific question.There are bikes with the shift pattern N-1-2-3..., but 1-N-2-3... is often the design, for convenience and safety. It's easier to get to first gear and harder to accidentally start in neutral (rolling to a stop at a re... |
1,486 | 2s981m | Is there a 4 dimensional analog to a sphere like a tesseract is for a cube? | Yes, the sphere *S*^(3), which is the *three-dimensional* sphere (embedded in Euclidean four-dimensional space), is the set of points (*x**_1_*, *x**_2_*, *x**_3_*, *x**_4_*) such that*x**_1_*^2 + *x**_2_*^2 + *x**_3_*^2 + *x**_4_*^2 = 1Similarly for higher number of dimensions. | [
"Yes, the sphere *S*^(3), which is the *three-dimensional* sphere (embedded in Euclidean four-dimensional space), is the set of points (*x**_1_*, *x**_2_*, *x**_3_*, *x**_4_*) such that\n\n*x**_1_*^2 + *x**_2_*^2 + *x**_3_*^2 + *x**_4_*^2 = 1\n\nSimilarly for higher number of dimensions."
] | 1 | [
"Yes, the sphere *S*^(3), which is the *three-dimensional* sphere (embedded in Euclidean four-dimensional space), is the set of points (*x**_1_*, *x**_2_*, *x**_3_*, *x**_4_*) such that\n\n*x**_1_*^2 + *x**_2_*^2 + *x**_3_*^2 + *x**_4_*^2 = 1\n\nSimilarly for higher number of dimensions."
] | 1 | <P> in three dimensions, and in their original paper Socolar and Taylor suggest a three-dimensional analogue to the monotile. Taylor and Socolar remark that the 3D monotile aperiodically tiles three-dimensional space. However the tile does allow tilings with a period, shifting one (non-periodic) two dimensional layer t... | question: Is there a 4 dimensional analog to a sphere like a tesseract is for a cube? context: <P> in three dimensions, and in their original paper Socolar and Taylor suggest a three-dimensional analogue to the monotile. Taylor and Socolar remark that the 3D monotile aperiodically tiles three-dimensional space. However... | answer: Yes, the sphere *S*^(3), which is the *three-dimensional* sphere (embedded in Euclidean four-dimensional space), is the set of points (*x**_1_*, *x**_2_*, *x**_3_*, *x**_4_*) such that*x**_1_*^2 + *x**_2_*^2 + *x**_3_*^2 + *x**_4_*^2 = 1Similarly for higher number of dimensions. |
8,911 | 1rhhgp | Were there really Samurai in Mexico? | I'm going to refer you to another post of this exact same question:_URL_0_ | [
"I'm going to refer you to another post of this exact same question:\n\n_URL_0_"
] | 1 | [
"I'm going to refer you to another post of this exact same question:\n\n_URL_0_"
] | 1 | <P> warfare carried out by an enemy in order to completely eliminate a Maya state, rather than subjugate it. Research at Aguateca indicated that Classic period warriors were primarily members of the elite.
From as early as the Preclassic period, the ruler of a Maya polity was expected to be a distinguished war leader, ... | question: Were there really Samurai in Mexico? context: <P> warfare carried out by an enemy in order to completely eliminate a Maya state, rather than subjugate it. Research at Aguateca indicated that Classic period warriors were primarily members of the elite.
From as early as the Preclassic period, the ruler of a May... | answer: I'm going to refer you to another post of this exact same question:_URL_0_ |
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