[
  {
    "id": "net-real-001",
    "scenario": "NotPetya Attack - Network Worm (2017)",
    "instruction": "Analyze the NotPetya attack and its network propagation techniques.",
    "input": "Malware: NotPetya (ExPetr)\nDate: June 2017\nAttribution: Russia (Sandworm team)\nImpact: $10+ billion in damages\n\nInitial Vector:\n- Compromised M.E.Doc (Ukrainian tax software)\n- Supply chain attack\n- Automatic update mechanism\n\nPropagation Methods:\n\n1. EternalBlue (MS17-010)\n   - SMBv1 exploit\n   - Port 445\n   - No authentication required\n\n2. EternalRomance (MS17-010)\n   - SMBv1 exploit variant\n   - Works against more systems\n\n3. Mimikatz (Credential Harvesting)\n   - Extracts credentials from memory\n   - Uses for lateral movement\n\n4. PsExec (Remote Execution)\n   - Uses stolen credentials\n   - Executes on remote systems\n\n5. WMIC (Remote Execution)\n   - Windows Management Instrumentation\n   - Executes commands remotely\n\nNetwork Indicators:\n- SMB traffic spike on port 445\n- WMI connections to multiple hosts\n- PsExec service creation\n- Mass file encryption\n\nEncryption:\n- AES-128 + RSA-2048\n- Modifies MBR\n- No decryption possible\n- Ransom note is fake (no recovery)",
    "output": "## NotPetya Attack Analysis\n\n### Attack Summary\n- **Malware**: NotPetya (ExPetr)\n- **Attribution**: Russia (Sandworm team)\n- **Impact**: $10+ billion in damages\n- **Type**: Destructive worm disguised as ransomware\n\n### Propagation Chain\n\n#### 1. Initial Access\n```\nCompromised M.E.Doc update server\nMalicious update distributed to all users\n```\n\n#### 2. EternalBlue (MS17-010)\n```bash\n# Scans for vulnerable SMB services\n# Exploits MS17-010 vulnerability\n# Gains SYSTEM access\n```\n\n#### 3. Mimikatz Credential Harvesting\n```bash\n# Extracts credentials from LSASS memory\n# Uses for lateral movement\nmimikatz.exe \"privilege::debug\" \"sekurlsa::logonpasswords\"\n```\n\n#### 4. PsExec/WMI Propagation\n```bash\n# Uses stolen credentials for remote execution\npsexec.exe -accepteula \\\\target -c payload.exe\nwmic /node:target process call create \"payload.exe\"\n```\n\n#### 5. Encryption\n```\n# Modifies Master Boot Record (MBR)\n# Encrypts files with AES-128\n# Displays fake ransom note\n# No actual recovery possible\n```\n\n### Network Detection Rules\n```yara\nrule NotPetya_Propagation {\n    strings:\n        $smb = \"\\\\x00\\\\x00\\\\x00\\\\x00\" nocase\n        $eternal = \"\\x00\" * 8\n        $mimikatz = \"sekurlsa\"\n    condition:\n        $smb and ($eternal or $mimikatz)\n}\n```\n\n### MITRE ATT&CK Mapping\n- T1195.002: Supply Chain Compromise\n- T1210: Exploitation of Remote Services\n- T1003.001: LSASS Memory\n- T1570: Lateral Tool Transfer\n- T1486: Data Encrypted for Impact\n\n### Prevention\n1. Patch MS17-010 (EternalBlue)\n2. Disable SMBv1\n3. Network segmentation\n4. Credential hygiene\n5. Backup and recovery\n6. Supply chain security",
    "metadata": {
      "malware_family": "NotPetya",
      "attack_type": "network-worm",
      "attribution": "Russia-Sandworm",
      "year": 2017,
      "category": "network-security-real"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "net-real-002",
    "scenario": "WannaCry Ransomware Worm (2017)",
    "instruction": "Analyze the WannaCry ransomware and its network propagation techniques.",
    "input": "Malware: WannaCry (WannaCrypt, WCry)\nDate: May 2017\nImpact: 200,000+ systems in 150 countries\n\nPropagation:\n\n1. EternalBlue (MS17-010)\n   - SMBv1 exploit\n   - Port 445\n   - Self-propagating\n\n2. DoublePulsar (Backdoor)\n   - Installed by EternalBlue\n   - Used for payload delivery\n\nAffected Organizations:\n- UK National Health Service (NHS)\n- FedEx\n- Telefonica\n- Renault\n- Deutsche Bahn\n\nTechnical Details:\n- Encryption: AES-128 + RSA-2048\n- Ransom: $300-600 in Bitcoin\n- Kill switch: iuqerfsodp9ifjaposdfjhgosurijfaewrwergwea.com\n\nNetwork Indicators:\n- SMB traffic on port 445\n- Mass connection attempts\n- File encryption activity\n- Ransom note creation\n\nKill Switch:\n- Domain: iuqerfsodp9ifjaposdfjhgosurijfaewrwergwea.com\n- If domain resolves, malware exits\n- Registered by Marcus Hutchins\n- Stopped initial spread",
    "output": "## WannaCry Ransomware Analysis\n\n### Attack Summary\n- **Malware**: WannaCry (WannaCrypt)\n- **Impact**: 200,000+ systems in 150 countries\n- **Type**: Ransomware worm\n- **Propagation**: EternalBlue (MS17-010)\n\n### Propagation Chain\n\n#### 1. EternalBlue Exploit\n```bash\n# Scans for vulnerable SMB services\n# Exploits MS17-010 on port 445\n# Installs DoublePulsar backdoor\n```\n\n#### 2. Payload Delivery\n```bash\n# Downloads WannaCry via DoublePulsar\n# Executes on target system\n# Begins encryption\n```\n\n#### 3. Network Scanning\n```bash\n# Scans internal network\n# Scans random external IPs\n# Targets port 445\n```\n\n#### 4. Encryption\n```\n# Encrypts files with AES-128\n# Encrypts AES key with RSA-2048\n# Displays ransom note\n# Demands $300-600 Bitcoin\n```\n\n### Kill Switch\n```\nDomain: iuqerfsodp9ifjaposdfjhgosurijfaewrwergwea.com\nIf domain resolves -> malware exits\nRegistered by Marcus Hutchins (MalwareTech)\nStopped initial spread\n```\n\n### Network Detection\n```yara\nrule WannaCry_Propagation {\n    strings:\n        $smb = \"\\\\x00\\\\x00\\\\x00\\\\x00\" nocase\n        $wcry = \"WNcry@2ol7\"\n        $ransom = \"@WanaDecryptor@\"\n    condition:\n        $smb and ($wcry or $ransom)\n}\n```\n\n### MITRE ATT&CK Mapping\n- T1210: Exploitation of Remote Services\n- T1486: Data Encrypted for Impact\n- T1570: Lateral Tool Transfer\n\n### Prevention\n1. Patch MS17-010 immediately\n2. Disable SMBv1\n3. Block port 445 at firewall\n4. Regular backups\n5. Network segmentation",
    "metadata": {
      "malware_family": "WannaCry",
      "attack_type": "ransomware-worm",
      "exploit": "EternalBlue-MS17-010",
      "year": 2017,
      "category": "network-security-real"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "net-real-003",
    "scenario": "SolarWinds Orion - DNS-based C2 (2020)",
    "instruction": "Analyze the DNS-based command and control communication used in the SolarWinds attack.",
    "input": "Malware: SUNBURST\nAttack: SolarWinds Supply Chain\nC2 Method: DNS tunneling\n\nDNS Communication:\n\n1. Initial beacon:\n   Query: <encoded_guid>.avsvmcloud.com\n   Response: CNAME to <subdomain>.freescanonline.com\n\n2. C2 domains:\n   - avsvmcloud[.]com\n   - freescanonline[.]com\n   - deftsecurity[.]com\n   - thedoccloud[.]com\n   - incomeupdate[.]com\n\n3. DNS query pattern:\n   - Encoded machine GUID\n   - Domain join information\n   - System information\n\n4. Communication flow:\n   - Beacon every 1-2 minutes\n   - DNS TXT records for commands\n   - DNS A records for data exfiltration\n\nDetection Rules:\n- High entropy subdomains\n- Unusual DNS query volume\n- CNAME to suspicious domains\n- Encoded data in subdomains\n\nIndicators:\n- avsvmcloud[.]com\n- *.avsvmcloud.com\n- High DNS entropy\n- Regular beacon interval",
    "output": "## SolarWinds DNS C2 Analysis\n\n### C2 Communication Summary\n- **Malware**: SUNBURST\n- **Method**: DNS tunneling\n- **Domain**: avsvmcloud[.]com\n- **Sophistication**: Very high\n\n### DNS C2 Flow\n\n#### 1. Initial Beacon\n```\nQuery: <encoded_machine_guid>.avsvmcloud.com\nPurpose: Register with C2\nInterval: 1-2 minutes\n```\n\n#### 2. Data Encoding\n```\nMachine GUID -> Base32 encoded -> Subdomain\nExample: abc123def456 -> ORSGEY3DOQ2A.avsvmcloud.com\n```\n\n#### 3. C2 Domains\n```\navsvmcloud[.]com (primary)\nfreescanonline[.]com (redirect)\ndeftsecurity[.]com (redirect)\nthedoccloud[.]com (redirect)\nincomeupdate[.]com (redirect)\n```\n\n#### 4. Command Retrieval\n```\nDNS TXT record query\nResponse contains commands\nCommands executed locally\n```\n\n### Detection Methods\n\n#### DNS Analysis\n```python\n# High entropy detection\ndef calculate_entropy(domain):\n    # Calculate Shannon entropy\n    # Flag if > 3.5\n    pass\n\n# Volume detection\n# Flag domains with > 100 queries/hour\n```\n\n#### YARA Rules\n```yara\nrule SUNBURST_DNS {\n    strings:\n        $domain = \"avsvmcloud.com\"\n        $pattern = /[a-z0-9]{8,}\\.avsvmcloud\\.com/\n    condition:\n        $domain or $pattern\n}\n```\n\n### MITRE ATT&CK Mapping\n- T1071.004: Application Layer Protocol: DNS\n- T1568.003: DNS Calculation\n- T1583.001: Domains\n\n### Prevention\n1. Monitor DNS traffic\n2. Implement DNS security (DNSSEC)\n3. Block suspicious domains\n4. DNS query logging\n5. Threat intelligence integration",
    "metadata": {
      "malware": "SUNBURST",
      "attack": "SolarWinds",
      "c2_method": "dns-tunneling",
      "year": 2020,
      "category": "network-security-real"
    }
  }
]