from __future__ import annotations

"""Fingerprint-specific image augmentations for V2 pipeline.

Augmentations from the MDGT v2 plan:
    1. Random rotation ±15° (finger placement variation)
    2. Random translation ±10% (off-center capture)
    3. Elastic deformation σ=8, α=60 (skin distortion under pressure)
    4. Random brightness/contrast ±0.2 (sensor / moisture variation)
    5. Random crop + resize 0.8-1.0 (partial fingerprint)
    6. Gaussian noise σ=0.01-0.03 (sensor noise)
    7. CutOut 1-3 patches (occlusion / smudge)
    8. NO horizontal flip (fingerprints are chirally distinct)
"""

import random

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torchvision import transforms as T


class GaussianNoise(nn.Module):
    """Add Gaussian noise to a tensor image."""

    def __init__(self, std_min: float = 0.01, std_max: float = 0.03, p: float = 0.5):
        super().__init__()
        self.std_min = std_min
        self.std_max = std_max
        self.p = p

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        if random.random() > self.p:
            return x
        std = random.uniform(self.std_min, self.std_max)
        return (x + torch.randn_like(x) * std).clamp(0, 1)


class MultiCutOut(nn.Module):
    """Erase 1-N random rectangular patches (CutOut / occlusion simulation)."""

    def __init__(
        self,
        max_patches: int = 3,
        min_size: int = 16,
        max_size: int = 32,
        p: float = 0.5,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.max_patches = max_patches
        self.min_size = min_size
        self.max_size = max_size
        self.p = p

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        if random.random() > self.p:
            return x
        _, H, W = x.shape
        n_patches = random.randint(1, self.max_patches)
        for _ in range(n_patches):
            ph = random.randint(self.min_size, self.max_size)
            pw = random.randint(self.min_size, self.max_size)
            y = random.randint(0, max(0, H - ph))
            xc = random.randint(0, max(0, W - pw))
            x[:, y:y + ph, xc:xc + pw] = 0.0
        return x


def build_train_transform(image_size: int = 224, profile: str = "standard") -> T.Compose:
    """Build the training augmentation pipeline.

    Returns a ``torchvision.transforms.Compose`` that takes a PIL image
    and returns a ``(1, H, W)`` tensor normalised to [0, 1].
    """
    if profile not in {"standard", "light"}:
        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported augmentation profile: {profile}")

    if profile == "light":
        geometric = [
            T.Resize((image_size, image_size)),
            T.RandomRotation(degrees=7, fill=255),
            T.RandomAffine(degrees=0, translate=(0.04, 0.04), fill=255),
            T.RandomResizedCrop(
                image_size,
                scale=(0.92, 1.0),
                ratio=(0.98, 1.02),
            ),
        ]
        pixel = [
            T.ColorJitter(brightness=0.1, contrast=0.1),
        ]
        tensor_aug = [
            GaussianNoise(std_min=0.003, std_max=0.012, p=0.25),
            MultiCutOut(max_patches=1, min_size=12, max_size=20, p=0.15),
        ]
    else:
        geometric = [
            T.Resize((image_size, image_size)),
            T.RandomRotation(degrees=15, fill=255),
            T.RandomAffine(degrees=0, translate=(0.1, 0.1), fill=255),
        ]

        try:
            geometric.append(
                T.ElasticTransform(alpha=60.0, sigma=8.0, fill=255)
            )
        except AttributeError:
            pass

        geometric.append(
            T.RandomResizedCrop(image_size, scale=(0.8, 1.0), ratio=(0.95, 1.05)),
        )

        pixel = [
            T.ColorJitter(brightness=0.2, contrast=0.2),
        ]
        tensor_aug = [
            GaussianNoise(std_min=0.01, std_max=0.03, p=0.5),
            MultiCutOut(max_patches=3, min_size=16, max_size=32, p=0.5),
        ]

    to_tensor = [
        T.ToTensor(),
    ]

    return T.Compose(geometric + pixel + to_tensor + tensor_aug)


def build_val_transform(image_size: int = 224) -> T.Compose:
    """Validation transform: resize + to tensor (no augmentation)."""
    return T.Compose([
        T.Resize((image_size, image_size)),
        T.ToTensor(),
    ])