{ "protocol": { "cross_validation": "leave-one-season-out", "group_key": "storm id (sid)", "n_folds": 36, "bootstrap": { "n_boot": 2000, "resample_unit": "storm", "level": 0.95 }, "label_source": "IBTrACS v04r01 North Indian Ocean, IMD preferred", "synthetic_inputs_used": false }, "label_uncertainty": { "description": "absolute IMD minus JTWC intensity, JTWC converted to a 3-minute averaging period with a 0.93 factor", "n": 5555, "mean_kt": 7.02, "median_kt": 5.01, "p90_kt": 15.6, "note": "An intensity RMSE below this is a leakage bug, not a result." }, "forecast": { "vmax_12h": [ { "baseline": "persistence", "rmse_ci": { "point": 9.3839, "ci_lo": 8.5656, "ci_hi": 10.1369, "level": 0.95 }, "n": 10589, "rmse": 9.383948415402177, "mae": 5.408108886580413, "bias": -0.22881118771051717, "by_intensity": [ { "bin": "17-33 kt (D, DD)", "n": 6972, "rmse": 6.341730577988942, "mae": 3.354836249760949, "bias": 0.8841133581946834 }, { "bin": "34-47 kt (CS)", "n": 1865, "rmse": 10.912018966021131, 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"bin_lo": 0.4, "bin_hi": 0.5, "n": 36, "mean_forecast": 0.461, "observed_frequency": 0.3889 }, { "bin_lo": 0.5, "bin_hi": 0.6, "n": 17, "mean_forecast": 0.5551, "observed_frequency": 0.1765 }, { "bin_lo": 0.7, "bin_hi": 0.8, "n": 4, "mean_forecast": 0.75, "observed_frequency": 0.0 }, { "bin_lo": 0.9, "bin_hi": 1.0, "n": 5, "mean_forecast": 1.0, "observed_frequency": 0.2 } ], "contingency": { "threshold": 0.45, "hits": 18, "misses": 303, "false_alarms": 37, "correct_negatives": 8905, "pod": 0.0561, "far": 0.6727, "csi": 0.0503 }, "cost_loss": [ { "cost_loss_ratio": 0.05, "value": 0.4332 }, { "cost_loss_ratio": 0.1, "value": 0.28 }, { "cost_loss_ratio": 0.15, "value": 0.1296 }, { "cost_loss_ratio": 0.2, "value": 0.0327 }, { "cost_loss_ratio": 0.25, "value": 0.0177 }, { "cost_loss_ratio": 0.3, "value": 0.0067 }, { "cost_loss_ratio": 0.35, "value": -0.0036 }, { "cost_loss_ratio": 0.4, "value": -0.0052 }, { "cost_loss_ratio": 0.45, "value": -0.0071 }, { "cost_loss_ratio": 0.5, "value": -0.0093 }, { "cost_loss_ratio": 0.55, "value": -0.0121 }, { "cost_loss_ratio": 0.6, "value": -0.0156 }, { "cost_loss_ratio": 0.65, "value": -0.02 }, { "cost_loss_ratio": 0.7, "value": -0.026 }, { "cost_loss_ratio": 0.75, "value": -0.0343 }, { "cost_loss_ratio": 0.8, "value": -0.0467 }, { "cost_loss_ratio": 0.85, "value": -0.0675 }, { "cost_loss_ratio": 0.9, "value": -0.109 }, { "cost_loss_ratio": 0.95, "value": -0.2336 } ] } ], "ri_24h_note": "Class weighting is what makes the model find events at a 3.5 percent base rate, and it is also what destroys the calibration. AUC measures the ranking and rises; the Brier Skill Score measures the probabilities and collapses. A monotone isotonic map fitted on held-out storms repairs the second without changing the first, which is why both are reported for all three rows.", "climatology_auc_note": "The climatology row has an AUC below 0.5, which looks like a broken metric and is not. Under leave-one-season-out the climatology forecast for a season is the base rate of every other season, so removing a high-RI season from the mean lowers the forecast for exactly the season that had the most events. Measured correlation between a season's actual RI rate and its own leave-one-season-out climatology prediction is -0.94. A genuinely constant forecast scores exactly 0.5, which the test suite asserts. Climatology is the Brier Skill Score reference and its AUC carries no information." }, "analysis": { "imd_ci_regression": { "baseline": "IMD Dvorak CI number, quadratic regression", "rmse_ci": { "point": 7.2765, "ci_lo": 6.2429, "ci_hi": 8.429, "level": 0.95 }, "caveat": "CI and the best-track intensity label come from the same Dvorak analysis, so this measures the wind-pressure table rather than an independent method. The specified baseline is the CIMSS ADT archive, which was not pulled in this build.", "n": 6407, "rmse": 7.276454451426501, "mae": 4.168637176485335, "bias": 0.015770672594746737, "by_intensity": [ { "bin": "17-33 kt (D, DD)", "n": 3487, "rmse": 3.665405404647403, "mae": 3.0687293740543864, "bias": 2.8144772242390514 }, { "bin": "34-47 kt (CS)", "n": 1426, "rmse": 4.371610822185383, "mae": 3.029980308696313, "bias": -1.7602708398243156 }, { "bin": "48-63 kt (SCS)", "n": 551, "rmse": 10.928723469578236, "mae": 7.391933972713178, "bias": -7.19084160816632 }, { "bin": "64-89 kt (VSCS)", "n": 544, "rmse": 15.034763263825726, "mae": 8.129034498979406, "bias": -7.972896743808897 }, { "bin": "90+ kt (ESCS, SuCS)", "n": 355, "rmse": 13.931885925720598, "mae": 7.38523266386036, "bias": 1.482752762201002 } ] } }, "independent_truth_subset": { "status": "absent", "reason": "NOAA SAR TC Wind was not pulled in this build. No non-Dvorak intensity truth exists here, so no second RMSE is reported.", "n_cases": 0 } }