System:
You are an expert in research tasked with generating detailed prompts for various aspects of academic research papers. Each task involves creating a specific type of prompt based on the provided information. Here are the definitions of each part you will work with:

- Context: The status quo of related literature or reality which motivated this study. This could normally be a problem, a research question, or a research gap that has not been successfully addressed by previous work. This is anything that happened before this study.
- Key Idea: The main intellectual merit of this paper, often in comparison to the context. This could normally be a novel idea or solution proposed in this paper that distinguishes it from what's already done in literature. This is proposed in this study.
- Method: The specific research method that investigates and validates the key idea. This could be an experimental setup, a theoretical framework, or other necessary methodology to implement and/or evaluate the key idea. This is performed in this study.
- Outcome: The factual statement about the study output. This could be the experiment results and any other measurable outcome that has occurred. It marks whether the key hypothesis is testified or not. This is produced in this study.
- Projected Impact: The author-anticipated impact of the work on the field, and potential further research identified by the author that may improve or extend this study. This is anything being anticipated but has not happened yet.

Given the context: 'Automated content moderation requires accurate, context-sensitive hate speech evaluation, and multimodal large language models could improve this by integrating contextual information, necessitating assessment of their performance and alignment with human judgement.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study uses conjoint experiments to systematically audit MLLMs' context-sensitive hate speech evaluations by varying post attributes and benchmarking model decisions against human judgements, including tests of prompting and sensitivity to visual identity cues.


Given the context: 'Comparing information structures between deep neural networks and the human brain is a key approach, with prior work showing vision–language models (e.g., CLIP) align better with ventral occipitotemporal cortex activity than vision-only models, but interpretation is limited by the black-box nature of DNNs.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Combine model–brain fitness analyses with human brain-lesion data to causally test how disrupting communication between visual and language systems affects the ability of vision–language models to explain visual cortex activity, thereby probing language modulation of human vision.


Given the context: 'Trust in scientists affects whether public information influences decisions, and in the USA trust gaps have been stable for 50 years, with women, Black people, rural residents, religious people, less educated people, and those with lower economic status expressing less trust than their more represented counterparts.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Trust in scientists is shaped by shared characteristics between scientists and audience members; representation cues can boost perceived benevolence and integrity among less-trusting groups, suggesting that who delivers scientific information matters.


Given the context: 'Climate-related disasters like wildfires and floods pose escalating risks, yet motivating individuals to adopt protective measures is a persistent challenge due to barriers such as psychological distance.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A behavioral intervention personalizes climate risk communications by integrating proximal cues (e.g., recipients' suburbs) to reduce psychological distance and foster place attachment.


Given the context: 'Collision-like, contact-based causes are central in theories of causation, yet many causes involve no direct contact, motivating study of how causal language relates to causal reasoning.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The paper posits a tight link between semantics/pragmatics and causal cognition, investigating how children map causal verbs to different types of causes (proximal vs. distal and absences), with the proposal that lexical causatives denote direct causes and periphrastic causatives denote indirect causes.


Given the context: 'Debates on the drivers of state formation emphasize agriculture as a catalyst, with competing claims that intensive agriculture’s surplus enabled states, that cereal grains’ taxation potential was pivotal, and that writing emerged to record taxes.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study proposes a global phylogenetic approach to test the temporal relationships among grain cultivation, intensive agriculture, taxation, writing, and state formation across cultures.


Given the context: 'Human language exhibits systematic structure with words and phrases, motivating an explanation of how such structure arises and its relation to general cognitive constraints.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Languages can be understood as codes that minimize predictive information, leading to systematic and local expression of approximately independent features akin to words and phrases.


Given the context: 'Humans possess culturally dependent repertoires that exceed individual innovation capacity, and it is unclear whether non-human animals require social learning to achieve adult-like breadths of knowledge by key developmental milestones or can rely primarily on independent exploration.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study proposes that orangutan diet repertoires are culturally dependent and that social learning is critical to drive diet development beyond individual exploratory potentials.


Given the context: 'Due to deinstitutionalization, police often serve as first responders to mental health crises and can initiate involuntary psychiatric detentions, which are controversial, costly, and sometimes medically inappropriate.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Assess the causal impact of a ‘co-responder’ program that pairs mental health professionals with police on qualified emergency calls, targeting reductions in involuntary psychiatric detentions without adverse public safety effects.


Given the context: 'Human languages are highly diverse, yet linguists have long debated the extent and causes of recurring grammatical universals.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study rigorously tests 191 proposed grammatical universals using the Grambank database with Bayesian spatiophylogenetic analyses that account for genealogical descent and geographical proximity.


Given the context: 'Reinforcement learning algorithms have been successful in explaining reward-based learning, including instrumental learning in contextual bandit tasks and accounting for brain signal variance, but human reward learning involves multiple processes like memory and choice perseveration that can be misattributed to RL.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study examines how much human reward-based learning is truly supported by RL computations and proposes a dual-process account combining a fast working-memory-based mechanism with a slower habit-like associative mechanism.


Given the context: 'Computational modelling in psychology and neuroscience faces underappreciated challenges, with appropriate sample size determination—especially for model selection analyses—being critical but often overlooked.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A power analysis framework for Bayesian model selection is introduced to guide sample size decisions and evaluate the ability to correctly identify the true model among alternatives.


Given the context: 'The study is motivated by the question of how the human brain resolves conflicts in sensory input to generate conscious perception, examined through binocular rivalry.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The paper identifies mesoscale mechanisms whereby interocular inhibition between adjacent ocular dominance columns in the superficial layers of primary visual cortex, together with eye-specific feedback from the intraparietal sulcus, resolve local perceptual conflicts into coherent conscious perception.


Given the context: 'There is growing interest in how individuals adjust goals when encountering striving difficulties, but research is fragmented across theoretical perspectives and life domains.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A comprehensive meta-analytic review introduces a conceptual model that categorizes and maps antecedents and outcomes of goal disengagement, reengagement, and goal-striving flexibility to consolidate the field.


Given the context: 'Sensorimotor feedback underlies active sensing, and in olfaction the sniff is the primary motor behavior; it is expected that sniff dynamics vary with detailed odour characteristics and correspond to neural activity.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Fine-grained perceptual features of odours, including odour identity, can modulate sniff dynamics and be inferred from them, with olfactory cortical areas modulating sniffing in real time.


Given the context: 'Brain-wide association studies have focused on inter-regional coupling, while intra-regional spontaneous dynamics remain largely unexplored despite their importance for understanding inter-individual differences.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Characterizing intra-regional resting-state haemodynamic dynamics with rich time-series features to derive stable, individual-specific 'barcodes' that capture inter-individual variation and enable generalizable brain–behaviour associations beyond traditional connectivity measures.


Given the context: 'Artificial neural networks often experience interference when acquiring new knowledge, and it is commonly claimed that humans overcome this challenge.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Humans show similar patterns of transfer and interference to artificial neural networks during continual learning, with identifiable individual differences ('lumpers' vs. 'splitters') that correspond to network regimes promoting overlapping versus distinct representations.


Given the context: 'Attention is a crucial form of capital on social media, yet the mechanisms governing its allocation remain poorly understood.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Attention depends more on how users express themselves (e.g., emoji variety and multiple emotions) than on who they are (e.g., demographics, background, personality), and attention is easier to acquire than to sustain.


Given the context: 'Young adults face rising loneliness and mental health challenges, motivating research on barriers to social connection.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study introduces an 'empathy perception gap'—people underestimate others’ empathy—and proposes bridging this gap by presenting peers’ self-reported empathy and nudging social risk-taking to foster connection.


Given the context: 'Emotional events are vividly remembered and emotions involve brain-wide network interactions, but it is unclear whether and how whole-brain dynamics contribute to memory encoding.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Emotional arousal enhances memory encoding by strengthening functional integration across large-scale brain networks, with an integrated brain state (increased cohesion across functional modules) proposed as the mechanism linking arousal to recall fidelity.


Given the context: 'Psychometric network models are widely used to explore multivariate data, with edges interpreted as evidence of conditional associations, yet the statistical support for these edges is seldom evaluated.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Quantify the statistical evidence for network edges using a Bayesian approach (inclusion Bayes factors) to assess how strongly reported associations are supported.


Given the context: 'Climate change impacts vary across locations, raising the possibility that migration from high-risk to lower-risk areas could reduce future damages; assessing whether such migration is already occurring can inform expectations about future responses.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study examines whether hurricanes and tropical storms trigger county-level outmigration in the USA and whether migration reduces exposure, leveraging comprehensive storm path data and differentiating responses by storm destructiveness and local economic activity.


Given the context: 'Prior research on seriation suggests children struggle to apply algorithmic strategies in simple sorting tasks, despite efficient algorithms enhancing problem-solving.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Children can spontaneously discover and apply efficient sorting algorithms when faced with a more demanding variant of the task with hidden ranks, indicating greater competence than previously believed.


Given the context: 'Addressing societal challenges requires unrelated individuals to reduce conflict and coordinate actions, yet the role of honour—often studied in relation to conflict—in competition and cooperation is underexplored.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study examines how perceived normative honour values and personally endorsed honour values predict competition and cooperation, framing honour as a cultural logic with distinct forms.


Given the context: 'It was unclear whether maternal and paternal risks of suicide attempt differ during and after pregnancy.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study investigates week-specific sex differences in parental suicide attempt risk across preconception, pregnancy, and the postpartum year, including whether the typical sex difference observed in the general population reverses.


Given the context: 'Economic games integrated with network science are used to study social behavior, but traditional models and experiments restrict players from taking different actions toward distinct social neighbors, limiting social networking agency.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Introducing and manipulating social networking agency—allowing individuals to tailor actions to each neighbor—to examine its effects on cooperation, trust, and fairness in economic games.


Given the context: 'Social norms messaging is widely used as a cost-effective strategy to change health behaviors, but its overall effectiveness has not been comprehensively evaluated.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A pre-registered, comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assesses the effectiveness of social norms messaging on health behaviors, incorporating robust adjustments for publication bias and moderator analyses.


Given the context: 'Low-socioeconomic-status and immigrant households benefit most from high-quality early childcare yet access it least, with large enrolment disparities in France; cognitive and behavioral barriers are suspected contributors.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Reducing administrative burden and information costs through informational interventions and personalized support is proposed to address social inequalities in early childcare applications and access.


Given the context: 'School interventions aimed at improving adolescents’ general knowledge of vaccination are rare, despite their potential to reduce vaccine hesitancy.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Two scalable school-based interventions—a set of ready-to-use pedagogical activities for teachers and a chatbot—are proposed to improve adolescents’ attitudes toward and knowledge of vaccination compared to the standard curriculum.


Given the context: 'Understanding how sentences are represented in the human brain and in large language models is a substantial challenge for cognitive science.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A one-shot rule-inference task is introduced to test whether humans and large language models encode tree-structured constituents within sentences by guiding deletions of words.


Given the context: 'Private hosting of refugees in Europe has increased during the Ukrainian displacement crisis, but its impact on refugee integration remains understudied.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study assesses the short- to medium-term effects of private hosting on multidimensional integration outcomes for Ukrainian refugees in Germany by leveraging a matching platform dataset.


Given the context: 'Traditional smoking cessation interventions have limited coverage, and while digital approaches show promise, their comparative efficacy across methodological frameworks and technology types is unclear.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study systematically compares digital smoking cessation interventions by methodology and technology type to determine which approaches are most effective relative to standard care.


Given the context: 'Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is sensitive to individual biophysical differences such as hair and skin characteristics, which can bias signal quality and disproportionately affect diverse populations.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study quantifies how hair properties, skin pigmentation, and other factors affect fNIRS signal quality and proposes practical recommendations to enhance inclusivity in fNIRS research.


Given the context: 'Prior research has established that human mobility exhibits scale-free patterns and proposed models explaining these distributions, but it has not explicitly addressed how geographical constraints (landmasses, waterways, and built environment) structure mobility.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study separates the effect of geography from mobility choices by incorporating geography via the pair distribution function, revealing an underlying power-law behavior across five orders of magnitude and linking spatial settlement structure to mobility.


Given the context: 'Complementary, alternative and integrative medicine (CAIM) use is highly prevalent among autistic individuals, but the evidence for its effects remains uncertain.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Conduct an umbrella review of meta-analyses on CAIM for autism across the lifespan and develop a web platform to standardize and disseminate the findings.


Given the context: 'There is a lack of large-scale studies examining cultural differences and generational trends in spousal correlations for psychiatric disorders, even though spousal trait similarity can affect prevalence, comorbidity, and bias genetic architecture estimates.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A large-scale, cross-national and generational investigation assesses the consistency of spousal correlations across nine psychiatric disorders.


Given the context: 'Systemic racism drives racial disparities in the US, but while structural and interpersonal racism are well characterized, cultural racism lacks a robust, validated measure.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A theory-driven, empirical latent measure of cultural racism is developed using nine indicators to quantify this dimension of systemic racism.


Given the context: 'Resistance to cognitive biases is a crucial component of rationality that affects judgement and decision-making, motivating a synthesis of educational debiasing efforts.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A systematic review and meta-analysis quantifies the effectiveness of educational interventions in reducing cognitive biases among students, focusing on randomized controlled trials.


Given the context: 'As populations age globally, ensuring equitable access to essential services for older adults is increasingly important.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A fairness index is introduced to compare revealed service accessibility between high-ageing and low-ageing Census Block Groups across health care, housing, and food.


Given the context: 'It is unknown whether information from different sensory modalities is accumulated by distinct processes and whether these processes have separate decision criteria during multisensory detection.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Auditory and visual evidence are accumulated in distinct processes that sub-additively co-activate a single, thresholded motor process during redundant detection.


Given the context: 'Multiple overlapping socioeconomic vulnerabilities are associated with an increased burden of HIV and progression to AIDS among Brazilian women.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study assesses the intersectional effectiveness of the Programa Bolsa Família conditional cash transfer on reducing AIDS incidence and AIDS-related mortality among low-income daughters and mothers.


Given the context: 'Many controversies arise from disagreements between moral rules and utilitarian cost–benefit reasoning.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Moral learning from outcomes can shift individuals’ reliance between rule-based and cost–benefit decision strategies, with metacognitive learning about strategies shaping moral decision-making.


Given the context: 'Prior research often uses composite socioeconomic status measures and examines either health or happiness, leaving unclear the distinct effects of income versus education on health and well-being, amid rising inequality.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study separates SES indicators (income and education) to assess their unique associations with both health and well-being at individual and community levels using daily-life data.


Given the context: 'Style is a major form of creative expression, yet prior work has focused on its social, political, and aesthetic significance rather than the cognitive and computational mechanisms underlying style perception.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Style perception is characterized as a process that separates form from content, proposing that this capacity is grounded in psychological mechanisms that parse stylistic information independently of object identity.


Given the context: 'Extinction learning suppresses fear responses and is central to understanding anxiety disorders, but it is unclear whether rodent findings on amygdala/hippocampal theta oscillations and context-dependent engrams apply to humans or how they relate to episodic memory mechanisms.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study investigates human extinction learning by combining intracranial EEG with representational similarity analysis, proposing that extinction relies on stable, context-specific memory traces coordinated across the extinction network and that amygdala theta oscillations signal safety rather than threat.


Given the context: 'Prior neuroimaging work found that friends exhibit neural similarities, but cross-sectional designs left unclear whether neural similarity precedes friendship or emerges from it; various factors like proximity and interpersonal similarities are known correlates of friendship.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Pre-existing neural similarity in responses to naturalistic stimuli predicts who will become friends and grow closer in a developing social network.


Given the context: 'There has been speculation about the extent of large language model usage in academic writing, with a need for systematic measurement across scientific publishing.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study proposes a population-level framework based on word frequency shifts to estimate the prevalence of LLM-modified text in scientific papers over time.


Given the context: 'Altruism supports cooperative behavior, and the study explores whether widely used large language models generate completions simulating altruism when prompted like dictator game experiments.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The paper tests early language models with dictator-game-style prompts to evaluate whether they simulate altruism versus payoff maximization and examines robustness across models, parameters, phrasing, currencies, and instruction sets using explainable AI techniques.


Given the context: 'Prevailing accounts treat social learning strategies as fixed heuristics independent of experience, which cannot explain the observed flexibility and individual variability in whom people choose to learn from.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A domain-general, feature-based reward learning framework is proposed that formalizes how individuals learn to associate social features (such as others’ behavior or success) with reward, providing a unifying mechanistic account of social learning strategies.


Given the context: 'Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying brain maturation are fundamental to attention and memory, and human brain regions develop at different rates into the third and fourth decades of life.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study characterizes developmental trajectories of aperiodic (1/f-like) neural activity as a proxy for neural noise across brain regions and examines how attentional state modulates age effects, linking these dynamics to cognitive control and memory.


Given the context: 'Time spent on the job is a fundamental aspect of working conditions that influences many facets of individuals’ lives, motivating examination of how a 4-day workweek affects workers’ well-being.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Evaluate an organization-wide, income-preserving 4-day workweek intervention, preceded by work reorganization to improve efficiency and collaboration, to assess impacts on worker well-being.


Given the context: 'Predicting human decisions under risk and uncertainty is a longstanding challenge, with existing models struggling even in stylized lottery-choice tasks.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A hybrid model, BEAST gradient boosting (BEAST-GB), integrates the behavioural theory BEAST with machine learning to improve prediction of risky choices.


Given the context: 'Occupational specialization is tied to gender, racial, and class identities, segmenting the labor market into perceived White/Black and male/female roles and skill sets.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study differentiates how segregation operates by showing that gender divisions align with required occupational skills, whereas racial divisions align with socio-economic status and historical inequalities within skill sets.


Given the context: 'Fluent speech requires serially ordering and preparing motor plans for target sounds, but the neural mechanisms underlying speech-motor sequencing are not fully characterized.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Sustained neural activity, particularly in the middle precentral gyrus, underlies speech-motor sequencing and plays a central role beyond phasic production and feedback signals.


Given the context: 'Persistent neural activity is known to support working memory when memorized items have equal importance, but how unattended items are encoded—often presumed to be ‘activity-silent’—is poorly understood.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Unattended working memory items, like attended ones, are proposed to be encoded via persistent activity in human medial temporal lobe neurons, challenging the ‘activity-silent’ account.


Given the context: 'Healthy diets have been associated with reduced dementia risk, motivating data-driven optimization of dietary interventions beyond a priori patterns.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A machine learning-assisted approach constructs an optimized dietary pattern (MODERN diet) and a MODERN score to better capture foods linked to lower dementia risk.


Given the context: 'There is an unresolved question of whether ideological polarization has increased over recent decades or whether voters have simply sorted into parties that better match their ideology.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study introduces a methodology to quantify multidimensional ideological polarization by embedding respondents across political, social, and economic topics into a two-dimensional ideological space and tracking demographic groups over time.


Given the context: 'Gossip constitutes a substantial portion of daily conversation and spreads through social networks, creating the challenge of disseminating information widely while keeping it hidden from the target.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

People strategically spread gossip by leveraging social network topology—specifically social distance and popularity—guided by internal mental representations of information cascades.


Given the context: 'Although large language models exhibit social–emotional abilities that could support human–AI interactions, it remains unclear whether empathy is perceived differently when attributed to AI versus humans.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study tests whether perceived empathy depends on the attributed source by labeling identical AI-generated empathic responses as coming from humans or AI, and examines preferences for human versus AI emotional engagement.


Given the context: 'There is widespread concern that consuming news on social media leaves people uninformed or misinformed.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study tests whether following news organizations on Instagram and WhatsApp improves knowledge, belief accuracy, and trust compared to following non-news accounts.


Given the context: 'Strategic decision-making is a crucial part of human interaction, and previous datasets and theories have not captured the full complexity of initial play in two-player matrix games.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Apply machine learning to predict human strategic choices and develop an interpretable behavioural model, using a deep neural network to capture systematic variation beyond leading theories.


Given the context: 'Visual cortical areas have been increasingly understood in isolation, but their representational relationships across the network remain unclear.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study introduces relational neural control to discover and modulate shared and unique representational content across visual cortical areas using in silico fMRI responses and controlling images.


Given the context: 'Co-offending—crimes committed by two or more individuals—is shaped by social processes like peer influence and group cohesion, and studying it elucidates how relationships affect criminal decision-making.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A comprehensive synthesis quantifies co-offending by providing pooled estimates of prevalence and group size and examines variations by crime type, age, and gender using a Bayesian meta-analytic framework.


Given the context: 'Generative AI models are trained on textual data that are inherently cultural, raising questions about whether they exhibit cultural tendencies across languages and key constructs of cultural psychology.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study proposes that generative AI exhibits language-contingent cultural tendencies in social orientation (interdependent vs. independent) and cognitive style (holistic vs. analytic), and that these tendencies can be modulated by cultural prompts.


Given the context: 'People not only form social networks, they construct mental maps of them, motivating examination of the accuracy and biases in these cognitive representations.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A new sampling strategy is introduced to evaluate social network cognition at scale by comparing observers’ beliefs about ties to systematically mapped village networks, including genetic relatedness in a subset of villages.


Given the context: 'Australia’s Eastern Highlands have been viewed as a cold-climate barrier to Late Pleistocene mobility, with older evidence limited to elevations below the periglacial zone, and this model has not been adequately tested with regionally specific, high-resolution archaeological data.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Excavation of a high-altitude cave provides the earliest evidence of high-elevation ice age occupation in Australia, challenging the barrier model by showing occupation during the Last Glacial Maximum and interactions along the mountain range.


Given the context: 'Laypeople rely on experts to understand the world but struggle to assess explanations they are ill-equipped to evaluate, raising the question of how non-experts derive understanding from jargon-laden explanations.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study identifies when and why jargon makes explanations more satisfying despite reducing comprehensibility, proposing that laypeople assume jargon fills gaps in otherwise incomplete explanations and exploring debiasing via self-explanation.


Given the context: 'Conversational meaning is built by integrating produced and perceived speech across hierarchical linguistic timescales, yet the neural mechanisms of these interactive sense-making processes are largely unknown.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Modeling brain representations of conversational content across multiple timescales using contextual embeddings from a large language model to distinguish shared versus modality-specific codes for production and comprehension.


Given the context: 'Humans solve complex multistage decision problems using hierarchical and counterfactual strategies, but the computational constraints underlying these strategies are not well understood.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study proposes that hierarchical, counterfactual, and postdictive strategies are computationally rational adaptations to specific cognitive constraints and that these strategies lie along a continuum.


Given the context: 'Individual sensitivity to environmental exposures may be genetically influenced, yet variants underlying genotype-by-environment interplay are hard to detect and population-based methods can suffer from systemic biases.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Use genome-wide association studies of monozygotic twin differences via family-based variance analyses as an alternative, more robust approach to study the genetic architecture of environmental sensitivity in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental phenotypes.


Given the context: 'Prior research on online misinformation often operates at the source level, focusing on unreliable domains that constitute a small share of news consumption, which obscures the repurposing of factually true information from reliable sources to advance misleading narratives.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Identify articles from reliable sources that are frequently co-shared by users who also shared fake news, and extract narratives present in misinformation and fact-checked false claims to detect use of mainstream news in promoting misleading narratives.


Given the context: 'Human amygdala and hippocampus neurons are classically thought to encode person identity invariant to visual features, yet how visual information from higher visual cortical areas is transformed into a semantic person representation remains largely unknown.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study demonstrates a region-based feature code for faces, where single neurons encode faces based on shared visual features rather than associations of known concepts, contrary to prevailing views.


Given the context: 'Primate vision exhibits topographic organization, but standard convolutional neural networks learn identical features across space and lack topography, limiting their ability to model cortical maps and related behaviours.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study introduces all-topographic neural networks (All-TNNs) as end-to-end models that naturally develop primate-like topographic maps and can capture spatially structured processing while operating efficiently.


Given the context: 'Prior evidence on the development of scene viewing is limited and has suggested that viewing behavior may be adult-like by around eight years old.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study proposes that gaze behavior develops protractedly, with adult-like spatial and semantic viewing biases emerging gradually over up to two decades, challenging earlier assumptions of early maturation.


Given the context: 'Global redistributive and climate policies rarely feature in public debates despite potential public support, raising questions about the sincerity and robustness of stated support.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study documents that global policies—including a Global Climate Scheme with a global carbon price funding equal cash transfers—are genuinely supported by majorities, even in wealthy countries, and tests whether this support is sincere.


Given the context: 'Beliefs underpin human cognition and decision-making, yet research on how beliefs interrelate has been limited to issue-specific studies and has relied heavily on surveys, lacking a model that encapsulates beliefs and their interrelationships.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Leverage online user debate data to map thousands of beliefs into a semantic embedding space constructed with a fine-tuned large language model, capturing nuanced relationships, interconnectedness, and polarization among diverse beliefs.


Given the context: 'The necessity of multisensory grounding for complex concept formation is debated, and recent large language models challenge whether language alone can yield human-like conceptual representations.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Assess whether ungrounded LLMs recover human-like features by comparing their conceptual representations to human norms across non-sensorimotor, sensory, and motor domains, and test whether visual learning improves alignment.


Given the context: 'Social media offers direct channels for science communication, but only a subset of academics engage, potentially shaping public perceptions through their topics and tone.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study systematically characterizes academics’ politically salient expression on Twitter by linking nearly 100,000 scholars’ tweets to their academic records and comparing their communication with broader Twitter populations.


Given the context: 'Political animosity is rising and threatens democracy, and while intergroup contact and mutually beneficial cooperation are known to reduce animosity, it is unclear whether this can be achieved in anonymous online contexts.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A cooperative online quiz game (Tango) pairs Republicans and Democrats to engage in real-time, mutually beneficial cooperation to reduce outparty animosity.


Given the context: 'Human memory often takes the form of cognitive graphs that enable relations and generalization, but how such structured memory influences the motor system is less clear.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Structured memory representations (mental graphs) can organize the storage and retrieval of newly learned hierarchical visuomotor associations, suggesting that action selection involves traversal of a graph-like structure.


Given the context: 'Human habit formation is commonly studied via learning arbitrary stimulus–response associations, with habitualness assessed by withholding responses or generating different responses; prior studies using these methods have yielded conflicting findings.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The discrepancy in findings is proposed to stem from the fact that the two methods target distinct forms of habit linked to different components of action control: response initiation versus response preparation.


Given the context: 'Inhibitory control is critical for daily functioning and psychiatric disorders, yet the widely used congruency effect has low reliability, limiting its utility in clinical and basic research.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study investigates whether precise individual estimates of the congruency effect can be obtained, proposing that extensive within-person sampling is necessary to achieve reliable measures.


Given the context: 'There is a longstanding debate across the human sciences about why people follow rules, with particular controversy over the role of intrinsic respect for rules versus extrinsic incentives.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study introduces CRISP, an interdisciplinary framework that models rule-conformity as a function of intrinsic respect for rules, extrinsic incentives, social expectations, and social preferences.


Given the context: 'Autism spectrum disorder is clinically heterogeneous, with ongoing debates about phenotypic differences between boys and girls; identifying such differences at first symptom onset is considered critical for early detection, aetiological insights, and intervention improvement.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A large-scale, early-age, multi-method assessment examines sex differences in toddlers with ASD, developmental delay, and typical development across standardized and experimental measures to determine whether sex differences are present at first symptom onset.


Given the context: 'Understanding gene–environment interaction in complex traits is crucial, but existing statistical methods for GxE inference struggle with scalability and interpretability.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

PIGEON is a unified variance component framework for quantifying polygenic GxE that enables summary statistics–based estimation and clarifies objectives for GxE studies.


Given the context: 'Equitable access to economic, social, and environmental infrastructure is vital for sustainable development, yet there are knowledge gaps in measuring infrastructure accessibility and inequality and in understanding their associations with human health.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A comprehensive global assessment quantifies infrastructure access and inequality across economic, social, and environmental domains and examines their links to health outcomes across 166 countries.


Given the context: 'Early work shows that large language models can generate persuasive content, but evidence on whether they can personalize arguments to individual attributes is limited and crucial for assessing misuse.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Evaluate GPT-4’s conversational persuasiveness with personalization by giving it access to basic sociodemographic data, comparing it to human opponents across topics with varying opinion strength.


Given the context: 'Social comparison is frequently used as a behaviour change technique, and research on it has increased substantially across domains such as health, performance, service and the environment.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A comprehensive random-effects meta-analysis quantifies the effectiveness of social comparison as a behaviour change technique across multiple behavioural domains and examines moderators like session number and emphasis on desired behaviours.


Given the context: 'Selection on heterozygotes is well-established for autosomal-dominant disorders, but convincing evidence for selection in carriers of pathogenic variants for recessive conditions is limited. The genetic landscape of human Mendelian diseases is shaped by mutation and selection.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study tests whether heterozygous carriers of pathogenic variants underlying recessive diseases show fitness and cognitive phenotypes indicative of natural selection in contemporary populations.


Given the context: 'Human attachment theory posits organized types (secure, insecure avoidant, insecure resistant) as adaptive, while disorganized attachment is hypothesized to be maladaptive and rare in wild mammals, a claim that had not been empirically tested in the wild.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Evaluate the presence of organized versus disorganized attachment in wild Western chimpanzee offspring to test human attachment theory's predictions in a nonhuman primate context.


Given the context: 'Chronic pain is multifactorial and poses diagnostic and prognostic challenges, creating a critical need for biomarkers to classify and predict chronic pain.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Integrating multidimensional biological biomarkers with psychosocial factors can improve prediction of chronic pain conditions compared to biological markers alone.


Given the context: 'Large language models are increasingly deployed in settings where they interact with humans and other agents, motivating the need to understand their cooperation and coordination behavior.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Behavioral game theory is applied to evaluate LLMs’ social behavior in finitely repeated 2×2 games, and a 'social chain-of-thought' strategy with opponent information is proposed to modulate GPT-4’s behavior.


Given the context: 'Age at onset of walking is an important early childhood milestone used clinically and in public health screening.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A large genome-wide association meta-analysis characterizes the genetic architecture of age at onset of walking, identifying loci, estimating SNP heritability, and developing predictive polygenic scores while examining genetic correlations with neurodevelopmental and brain phenotypes.


Given the context: 'Prior research in high-income countries links physical punishment to negative outcomes, but whether these findings generalize to children in low- and middle-income countries remains largely unknown.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A pre-registered, comprehensive systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis assesses the associations between childhood physical punishment and individual outcomes specifically in low- and middle-income countries.


Given the context: 'Prevailing happiness research posits bidirectional determination from top-down global life satisfaction and bottom-up domain satisfaction, often using aggregated population-level models.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A personalized happiness perspective is proposed, asserting that determinants and consequences of happiness are idiographic and differ across individuals rather than being universal.


Given the context: 'Individuals with congenital deafness who receive gene therapy can experience hearing recovery and speech development, but how hearing-related cortex changes after gene therapy is unclear.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study provides preliminary evidence that gene therapy in children with autosomal recessive deafness 9 enhances auditory cortex activation and mental development, assessed via neuroimaging and electrophysiology over time.


Given the context: 'Financial well-being is a multidimensional outcome of interest, and there is a need to understand how it relates to sociodemographic and early-life factors across different countries.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study jointly examines demographic correlates and recalled early-life conditions of adult financial well-being across 22 countries using a large, nationally representative dataset and four dimensions of financial well-being.


Given the context: 'COVID-19 lockdowns raised concerns about adverse birth and pregnancy outcomes and related inequalities in high-income countries, motivating a comprehensive synthesis of evidence.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A systematic review and meta-analysis compares ABPO rates before versus during lockdowns in high-income countries, with adjustments for temporal trends and subgroup analyses by region, lockdown period, ethnicity, and deprivation.


Given the context: 'The rising prevalence of stress has created demand for effective, self-administered mobile mental health interventions, but their efficacy and accessibility remain unclear.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A three-dimensional framework integrating theoretical foundation, human support, and mobile technology was developed using expert insights and large language models to classify mobile stress interventions and compare their efficacy and moderators.


Given the context: 'Climate change often appears as a slow, gradual shift in daily weather, leading to perceptions of minor impact and apathy (the 'boiling frog' effect), creating a challenge in conveying urgency.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Using binary climate data visuals (e.g., lake freeze history) instead of continuous measures (e.g., mean temperature) increases perceived impact by creating an impression of sudden shifts while reflecting equivalent trends.


Given the context: 'Scientific research is often characterized by schools of thought and disagreements, typically attributed to different methods or conflicting data.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Scientific divisions may be associated with differences in researchers’ cognitive traits (e.g., tolerance for ambiguity), which could influence problem selection, approaches, and conclusions.


Given the context: 'Rapid societal shifts have changed human behavioral patterns and sleep schedules; chronotype is closely tied to physical and mental health, yet its neurobiological underpinnings remain unclear.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A multimodal, population-scale pattern-learning approach integrates brain structure, white-matter integrity, functional connectivity, and extensive phenotypic data to delineate the neurobiological basis of chronotype.


Given the context: 'Early childhood is crucial for brain functional development, and while functional connectivity has been characterized in infants, comprehensive insights into spatiotemporal maturation from birth to early childhood are lacking.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study proposes developmental charts of functional connectivity within and between canonical brain networks to map early brain functional maturation and relate individual deviations to cognitive abilities.


Given the context: 'Emotion regulation is central to mental health, but its effects vary across cultures; prior literature has often emphasized a Western–Eastern or individualism–collectivism dichotomy.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

This work expands cross-cultural understanding by synthesizing links between cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression with psychopathology and positive functioning, and by testing cultural and demographic moderators beyond simple dichotomies.


Given the context: 'Subjective well-being is important for understanding human behaviour and health, but although its connection with psychiatric disorders has been studied, common genetic mechanisms remain unclear.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study demonstrates and characterizes substantial polygenic overlap and associations between subjective well-being and psychiatric disorders, including identification of shared genetic loci and cross-ancestry validation.


Given the context: 'The first generation of digital technology users is reaching ages at risk for dementia, prompting debate over whether lifetime technology exposure harms cognition (digital dementia) or fosters a technological reserve that preserves cognition.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study adjudicates between competing hypotheses by synthesizing observational evidence on whether general digital technology use in adults over 50 is linked to cognitive impairment and decline.


Given the context: 'Retractions are a key quality-control mechanism, but past work has mainly documented adverse effects on citation counts and the citations of co-authors, leaving broader career impacts underexplored.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study characterizes how retractions affect scientists’ publishing careers beyond citations by comparing retracted authors to similar non-retracted counterparts using large linked datasets.


Given the context: 'Fatal police shooting rates vary widely across American police agencies, and the reasons for this variability have been unclear.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study partitions agency-level variability in fatal police shooting rates into randomness, differences in social context, and outlier agencies using Bayesian multilevel models.


Given the context: 'Gender-based violence is widespread, and while its health impacts are substantial, they have not been well delineated across types of violence and health outcomes.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study applies the Burden of Proof methodology to systematically quantify and rate the strength of associations between physical, sexual, and psychological GBV and eight health outcomes using conservative star ratings.


Given the context: 'Honest and truthful decision-making is crucial for democratic governance, yet perspectives vary between evidence-based reasoning and intuitive, feeling-driven decisions.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study proposes analyzing a continuum from evidence-based to intuitive language by detecting linguistic traces of these perspectives in US congressional speeches over time.


Given the context: 'The health toll of child maltreatment or violence against children has not been comprehensively evaluated, despite more than a billion children worldwide being regularly exposed to violence or neglect.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A systematic assessment applies the Burden of Proof methodology to generate conservative, heterogeneity-adjusted measures of association between physical violence, psychological violence, neglect, and multiple adverse health outcomes.


Given the context: 'Improving COVID-19 vaccination uptake is a public health priority, and behavioral-science-informed text reminders are being used to notify patients of vaccine eligibility.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Framing eligibility notifications to highlight that recipients are at the 'Top of queue' can nudge vaccination behavior.


Given the context: 'How the human motor cortex organizes complex sequential fine movements like handwriting remains poorly understood.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Motor cortex encodes complex handwriting through a sequence of stable neural states corresponding to stroke fragments, with directional tuning stable within states but gain or preferred direction changing across states.


Given the context: 'Alcohol use disorder and body mass index have neurobiological overlap but exhibit minimal genome-wide genetic correlation, potentially due to mixed directions of shared genetic variants.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study examines shared genetic architecture and neural associations between alcohol use disorder and body mass index, proposing that extensive polygenic overlap with mixed-direction variant effects underlies their low genetic correlation.


Given the context: 'Visual perceptual learning has been explained by conflicting neural models, such as changes in tuning or noise correlations, motivating a need to adjudicate among them to understand brain plasticity.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A neural geometry framework conceptualizes single-unit changes as geometric transformations of population response manifolds, proposing manifold shrinkage from reduced trial-by-trial variability as a unified mechanism for visual perceptual learning.


Given the context: 'With the worldwide increase in only-child families, there is a need to understand how growing up without siblings affects adult brain, behavior, and the underlying pathways, amid stereotypes linking only-child status to problem behaviors.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A comprehensive examination of how growing up without siblings relates to adult brain structure, function, connectivity, cognition, personality, and mental health, and mapping the pathway from only-child-related growth environments to brain and behavioral development.


Given the context: 'Human brains exhibit idiosyncratic neural activity that enables individual identification (brain fingerprinting), while deep general anaesthesia suppresses subjective experience; whether anaesthesia also suppresses neural uniqueness remained unclear.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study proposes that anaesthetic-induced unconsciousness diminishes the uniqueness of human brain functional connectivity, making individuals less distinguishable and shifting human patterns toward those of other primates.


Given the context: 'Category-selective regions in ventral temporal cortex have a consistent anatomical organization hypothesized to be scaffolded by white matter connections, but how these connections are organized from birth was unknown.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

White matter connections of ventral temporal cortex are organized from birth by cytoarchitecture, eccentricity, and category-selectivity, with connectivity profiles within the same cytoarchitectonic area developing in parallel.


Given the context: 'Human relationships are diverse and socially complex, and although their basic organization has long been studied, there is no consensus on how they are structured.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A universal representational space for relationship concepts is identified, comprising five principal dimensions and three core categories that capture both universality and cultural variability.


Given the context: 'The south Levantine mid-Middle Palaeolithic (~130–80 ka) shows exceptional human morphological variability with contemporaneous Homo sapiens and Neanderthal-like hominins, and it is unclear whether hominins followed discrete behaviours or whether intergroup interactions homogenized behaviour.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study proposes that the Levantine mid-Middle Palaeolithic featured a uniform behavioural set across Homo groups, including similar lithic technology, increased reliance on large-game hunting, and socially elaborated behaviours such as intentional burial and ochre use, likely arising from intensified interactions and admixture.


Given the context: 'Psychology faces taxonomic incommensurability, making it difficult to compare theories due to differing concepts and operationalizations.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Use language models to create semantic embeddings of psychometric items, scales, and construct labels in a shared vector space to address taxonomic incommensurability.


Given the context: 'Sleep is known to reduce forgetting, but it is unclear whether and how sleep actively transforms memory for complex real-world experiences and how such transformations unfold over long timescales.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Sleep selectively and durably enhances memory for the sequence of events (sequential associations) from a one-time real-world experience, while not enhancing perceptual details (featural associations), constituting an exception to the law of forgetting.


Given the context: 'Rodent studies implicate the medial temporal lobe, especially the hippocampus, in memory and navigation, but the role of these structures in human imagination remains uncertain despite the centrality of episodic memory and imagining for human cognition.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study tests whether hippocampal theta oscillations encode spatial information similarly during real-world and imagined navigation in humans, proposing that imagination recruits navigational neural dynamics that segment routes into linear components.


Given the context: 'Understanding the neural basis of natural language processing in everyday conversations has lacked a unified framework linking acoustic, speech, and linguistic representations, and symbolic models have underperformed in capturing brain activity.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A unified acoustic-to-speech-to-language embedding framework using Whisper connects multiple representational levels and maps them to brain activity during both speech production and comprehension.


Given the context: 'Death anxiety has long been linked to psychological distress, and prior studies suggest it may contribute transdiagnostically to mental disorders, motivating a need to quantify its association with distress and psychopathology.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis quantifies the correlations between death anxiety and distress or mental disorder symptoms across general and clinical samples, while examining moderators and potential publication bias.


Given the context: 'Voluntary stopping of speech is essential in conversation, yet the cognitive and neural mechanisms of speech inhibition are not well understood, and speech arrest during stimulation has been interpreted as evidence for production centers.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A distinct premotor frontal cortical network supports inhibitory control of speech, separate from regions encoding articulatory movements.


Given the context: 'Mentoring is crucial for scientific achievements and career success, and large research groups are often perceived as signs of exceptional mentorship and high-quality research. However, concerns exist that large, competitive groups may increase dropout rates among early-career researchers, potentially leading to postdoc shortages and loss of top-tier academics.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study investigates how a mentor’s group size influences mentees’ future academic longevity and performance using longitudinal genealogical data on mentor–mentee relations and publications.


Given the context: 'Higher parental age is positively associated with children's education, but whether this relationship is causal remains debated amid widespread postponement of first births in developed countries.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Use Mendelian randomization with maternal and paternal polygenic indices for age at first birth, conditioning on the child's polygenic index, to identify the causal effects of parental age on children's test scores.


Given the context: 'Memorability is an intrinsic stimulus property shown to be consistent across people for visual stimuli, but whether similar consistency exists for auditory stimuli like voices was unclear.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study proposes that voice memorability is consistent across listeners and can be predicted from quantifiable low-level acoustic features and high-level attributes such as dialect.


Given the context: 'Adaptation has been extensively studied in motor control, but there is limited evidence that cognitive functions like working memory use similar error-driven adaptive mechanisms; the study investigates whether internal spatial representations undergo adaptation.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Errors in the allocation of visual attention can drive adaptive shifts in spatial cognition, suggesting that mechanisms previously ascribed to motor adaptation also calibrate spatial cognitive representations.


Given the context: 'Deciphering the genetic architecture of depression is pivotal for understanding its pathophysiology and for developing new therapeutics.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A cross-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis combined with systems-level integrative analyses is used to identify risk loci, prioritize likely causal variants and genes, and nominate therapeutic targets for depression.


Given the context: 'Modern economies require increasingly diverse and specialized skills, many of which depend on the acquisition of other skills first.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study reveals a nested structure within skill portfolios, inferring the direction of skill dependencies from asymmetrical conditional probabilities, indicating that advanced, specific skills build upon broader, fundamental ones.


Given the context: 'The study addresses the question of how well people judge the veracity of news.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A comprehensive synthesis quantifies people's discernment between true and fact-checked false news and examines the role of political concordance in news judgments.


Given the context: 'The study aims to investigate the relationship between socio-economic status and health disparities, focusing on the socio-economic health gradient linking income and health.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Introduce a common genetic factor underlying multiple income measures (the Income Factor) and use a polygenic index to examine health associations while disentangling genetic overlap with educational attainment.


Given the context: 'Understanding whether risk preference is a stable, coherent trait is central to efforts aimed at explaining, predicting and preventing risk-related behaviours.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study characterizes the risk preference construct by using a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis to assess temporal stability and convergent validity across many measures, domains and samples.


Given the context: 'Healthcare use among adolescents after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is unknown, motivating examination of post-vaccination healthcare utilization.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Quantify and compare healthcare use in 12–18-year-olds vaccinated with Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 versus age- and sex-matched unvaccinated peers using national register data and PERR estimates to assess practical significance.


Given the context: 'Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making, but recent challenges to the epistemic authority of science have raised concerns about low public trust in scientists.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

A large preregistered global survey assesses public trust in scientists and attitudes about scientists' engagement in society and policymaking, and examines variation using individual- and country-level factors.


Given the context: 'Genome-wide association studies have identified multiple schizophrenia risk loci predominantly in European-ancestry populations, leaving gaps in understanding genetic risk across diverse ancestries and in pinpointing causal genes and therapeutic targets.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study leverages large-scale Eastern Asian GWAS and cross-ancestry meta-analysis, integrating variant-level and gene-level evidence to prioritize causal variants/genes and to identify potential therapeutic targets via drug repurposing.


Given the context: 'The biology underlying how social relationships affect health is largely unknown.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

Characterize plasma proteomic signatures of social isolation and loneliness and test causal links to specific proteins using proteome-wide approaches, network analysis, Mendelian randomization, and colocalization.


Given the context: 'Conventional cognitive control tasks typically involve a single task and one source of distraction, leaving unclear how control is allocated when multiple independent distractors are present.', generate one key idea that could advance this area of study. Output only the key idea without explanation.

The study introduces a multidimensional task-set interference paradigm to examine whether control adapts by enhancing task-relevant information or suppressing task-irrelevant information, and posits distractor-specific adaptation modeled with multiple independent conflict-detector units.