Given the context: 'Data-driven innovation in socially impactful digital products faces challenges in measuring and improving social impact, particularly when designing and analyzing complex experiments.', the key idea: 'The paper offers an economic perspective on the innovation process, positioning economists as designers who leverage complex experiments and economic tools to identify problems, build theory, define measurable goals, analyze data, and estimate counterfactuals.', the method: 'A conceptual synthesis and survey that outlines how economic tools apply at each stage of the innovation process and reviews recently developed tools for designing and analyzing data from complex experiments.', the outcome: 'The paper highlights specific contributions of economics—problem identification, theoretical framework development, translating goals into measurable outcomes, historical data analysis, and counterfactual estimation—and surveys tools to address experimental design and analysis challenges.', and the projected impact: 'The framework and surveyed tools are intended to improve the design and evaluation of data-driven digital products with social impact and guide future research on complex experimental methodologies.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Presidential Address: The Economist as Designer in the Innovation Process for Socially Impactful Digital Products


System:
You are an expert in research tasked with generating detailed prompts for various aspects of academic research papers. Each task involves creating a specific type of prompt based on the provided information. Here are the definitions of each part you will work with:

- Context: The status quo of related literature or reality which motivated this study. This could normally be a problem, a research question, or a research gap that has not been successfully addressed by previous work. This is anything that happened before this study.
- Key Idea: The main intellectual merit of this paper, often in comparison to the context. This could normally be a novel idea or solution proposed in this paper that distinguishes it from what's already done in literature. This is proposed in this study.
- Method: The specific research method that investigates and validates the key idea. This could be an experimental setup, a theoretical framework, or other necessary methodology to implement and/or evaluate the key idea. This is performed in this study.
- Outcome: The factual statement about the study output. This could be the experiment results and any other measurable outcome that has occurred. It marks whether the key hypothesis is testified or not. This is produced in this study.
- Projected Impact: The author-anticipated impact of the work on the field, and potential further research identified by the author that may improve or extend this study. This is anything being anticipated but has not happened yet.

Given the context: 'The study addresses how quickly fiat money becomes valueless during speculative hyperinflations in continuous-time decentralized markets where money is essential.', the key idea: 'It provides necessary and sufficient conditions for money to die in finite time, including the necessary condition that the liquidity return of money grows without bound as its value approaches zero, and characterizes determinants of money longevity under CRRA preferences.', the method: 'A theoretical analysis of speculative hyperinflation equilibria in continuous-time decentralized economies, deriving conditions and comparative statics under CRRA preferences, including the roles of seller market power, legal restrictions, and competing currencies' returns.', the outcome: 'Money’s longevity shrinks with higher money growth rates and more frequent liquidity needs, increases with seller market power, and depends on the strictness of legal restrictions and the rates of return of competing currencies; a necessary condition for finite-time death of money is unbounded liquidity return as its value goes to zero.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

When Money Dies: The Dynamics of Speculative Hyperinflations


Given the context: 'Conventional wisdom holds that competition among investors is so fierce that if one group changes behavior, others adjust so prices remain unaffected.', the key idea: 'The study estimates a demand system that allows for flexible strategic responses among institutional investors to assess how competitive the stock market is and how passive investing affects demand elasticity.', the method: 'Estimation of a demand system for institutional investors in the US stock market that incorporates strategic reactions to others' aggressiveness.', the outcome: 'Investors trade more aggressively when surrounded by less aggressive traders, but this strategic reaction offsets only two-thirds of the initial impact; the rise of passive investing over the last 20 years has made demand for individual stocks 11 percent more inelastic.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

How Competitive Is the Stock Market? Theory, Evidence from Portfolios, and Implications for the Rise of Passive Investing


Given the context: 'China is internationalizing its domestic bond market and has experienced episodes of capital outflows, motivating analysis of its strategy for admitting foreign investors.', the key idea: 'A dynamic reputation model is proposed to explain China’s staggered entry of different types of foreign investors as a way to build credibility as a safe issuer while mitigating the cost of capital flight.', the method: 'The study empirically characterizes the sequencing of foreign investor entry into China’s bond market and develops a dynamic reputation framework, which is applied to interpret responses to capital outflow episodes.', the outcome: 'The framework rationalizes China’s internationalization strategy as credibility-building and cost-reducing with respect to capital flight, and it sheds light on China’s responses to periods of capital outflows.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.


Given the context: 'Land market frictions are suspected to cause misallocation in agriculture, but causal evidence on their impact has been limited.', the key idea: 'The study tests whether reducing land rental frictions via randomized subsidies to owners induces rentals that improve allocation and reveals the nature of frictions such as search, risk, and learning.', the method: 'A field experiment in western Kenya randomly subsidized landowners to rent out land and measured rental persistence, output, value added, input use, and crop choices, comparing outcomes between owners and renters.', the outcome: 'Induced rentals mostly persist after the subsidy ends and increase output and value added; gains arise because renters select higher-value crops, have higher productivity, and adopt more nonlabor inputs while using similar labor, and induced rentals are not those with the largest predicted gains, indicating frictions from search, risk, and learning.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Land Rental Markets: Experimental Evidence from Kenya


Given the context: 'A recent U.S. incentive auction repurposed spectrum from broadcast TV to mobile broadband, and TV station ownership is significantly concentrated among multilicense owners within the reverse auction format.', the key idea: 'Ownership concentration creates incentives for multilicense owners to strategically withhold some stations to raise prices for their remaining stations in the reverse auction.', the method: 'The study documents multilicense ownership and uses a large-scale valuation and simulation exercise to assess incentives and payout effects in the reverse auction.', the outcome: 'Strategic supply reduction by multilicense owners increases payouts to TV stations by between 13.5% and 42.4%.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Ownership Concentration and Strategic Supply Reduction


Given the context: 'Concerns about government bailouts of globally systemically important banks (GSIBs), highlighted by the Global Financial Crisis, raised the issue of 'too big to fail.'', the key idea: 'The study estimates a decline in 'too big to fail' by assessing market-implied bailout probabilities and debt financing costs for US-headquartered GSIBs.', the method: 'It analyzes market-implied probabilities of government bailout and wholesale debt financing costs for GSIBs with US headquarters, controlling for insolvency risk, in the post-GFC period.', the outcome: 'Market-implied bailout probabilities declined significantly after the GFC; wholesale debt financing costs are roughly 170 percent higher after controlling for insolvency risk; creditors expect much larger losses if a GSIB approaches insolvency, indicating a decline in 'too big to fail.'', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.


Given the context: 'The study addresses how central bank policies affect mortgage pricing in the United Kingdom and seeks to understand lenders' pricing strategies under such policies.', the key idea: 'Lenders use two-part tariffs (interest rates plus origination fees) to price discriminate across borrowers, and unconventional monetary policies shift the balance by reducing rates while increasing fees; banning origination fees would alter lending by removing a key discrimination tool.', the method: 'A model of mortgage demand and lender competition is used to analyze pricing responses and the effects of central bank policies, including the Funding for Lending Scheme.', the outcome: 'Lenders price discriminate using interest rates and fees; during the Funding for Lending Scheme they reduced rates and increased fees; central bank policies increased mortgage lending; banning origination fees would reduce lending because fees allow surplus capture and discrimination across borrowers with differing sensitivities.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.


Given the context: 'Multinationals in extractive sectors of weak states face resource theft by armed groups, often abetted by state corruption. Nigeria’s indigenization policy substantially increased local firms’ participation in the oil sector.', the key idea: 'Political connections can align law enforcement incentives, reducing oil theft and turning corruption into a local advantage for domestic firms. A bargaining model explains how such connections solve commitment problems in protection.', the method: 'The study uses a bargaining model and analyzes data on law enforcement raids to identify preferential protection for local firms and its effects after indigenization.', the outcome: 'Local firms, despite lower quality, increased output by reducing oil theft; law enforcement data show they receive preferential protection, with connections to military elites driving this advantage. The aggregate gains from indigenization are at most between 2.3 and 5.7 percent of GDP.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Corruption as a Local Advantage: Evidence from the Indigenization of Nigerian Oil


Given the context: 'Application hassles ('ordeals') are used to limit public program enrollment, and insurance markets commonly feature adverse selection.', the key idea: 'Examining a minor ordeal created by removing health insurance auto-enrollment, the study argues that in selection markets adverse selection undermines the standard rationale for ordeals that aim to exclude low-value individuals.', the method: 'An empirical analysis of the removal of an auto-enrollment policy that added an extra enrollment step, combined with a simple model to assess how adverse selection interacts with ordeals.', the outcome: 'The minor ordeal reduced enrollment by 33% and disproportionately excluded young, healthy, and economically disadvantaged individuals; the model shows that adverse selection weakens ordeals’ ability to target inefficiency because low-value individuals are also low-cost.', and the projected impact: 'The analysis illustrates that ordeals targeting is unlikely to work well in selection markets.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Do Ordeals Work for Selection Markets? Evidence from Health Insurance Auto-Enrollment


Given the context: 'A prominent energy regulation targeting large Chinese manufacturers within conglomerates raises questions about firm responses and spillovers across affiliated firms and markets.', the key idea: 'The study examines how regulation within conglomerates affects production and energy efficiency, introducing an industry equilibrium model with conglomerate production to capture spillovers and assess welfare and alternative policy designs using business network information.', the method: 'Using detailed firm-level data and difference-in-differences designs, the analysis measures regulated firms’ responses and interprets them through an industry equilibrium model that incorporates conglomerate and market spillovers.', the outcome: 'Regulated firms reduced output and shifted production to unregulated affiliates rather than improving energy efficiency; the policy increases welfare if per-ton carbon benefits exceed $161; alternative policies leveraging public business network information can raise aggregate energy savings by 10 percent.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Regulating Conglomerates: Evidence from an Energy Conservation Program in China


Given the context: 'Electricity generators frequently stop and start production in response to rooftop solar output, and firms face fixed start-up costs they expect to recover through subsequent operating profits. Market power is often assessed via static markups.', the key idea: 'Develop a dynamic competitive benchmark that accounts for start-up costs, revealing that static markups overstate rents attributable to market power in such settings.', the method: 'Construct and analyze a dynamic competitive benchmark for an electricity market with start-up costs, comparing its implications to those from static markup measures and examining effects of solar expansion on competition.', the outcome: 'Static markups overstate market power rents when start-up costs are salient; large-scale solar capacity expansion can increase the collective profitability of fossil fuel plants because competition softens at sunset as displaced plants must incur start-up costs to re-enter.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Start-Up Costs and Market Power: Lessons from the Renewable Energy Transition


Given the context: 'There is uncertainty about whether consumers have latent demand to support Black-owned businesses, and an online platform introduced a feature that made it easier to identify Black-owned restaurants.', the key idea: 'Revealing minority ownership status by labeling restaurants as Black-owned on a platform is proposed as a way to uncover latent demand and assess impacts on engagement and performance.', the method: 'The study analyzes the introduction of a labeling feature on an online platform, measuring changes in online traffic, calls, orders, in-person visits, and the composition of reviewers to assess the effect of revealing race.', the outcome: 'Labeling restaurants as minority-owned increased customer engagement and firm performance across multiple metrics, with stronger effects in areas with greater Democratic Party support and lower implicit bias, and increased the fraction of reviews written by White customers.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

The Benefits of Revealing Race: Evidence from Minority-Owned Local Businesses


Given the context: 'The study addresses how to regulate a monopolistic firm, focusing on policy design under uncertainty rather than relying on Bayesian assumptions.', the key idea: 'A robust, non-Bayesian framework is proposed that minimizes the regulator’s worst-case regret, yielding policy prescriptions tailored to different regulatory objectives.', the method: 'A theoretical robust-design approach that defines regret as the gap between complete-information and realized payoffs and derives policies that minimize worst-case regret for different objective functions.', the outcome: 'If the regulator maximizes consumers’ surplus, the optimal policy is an average revenue cap; if maximizing total surplus, it is a piece-rate subsidy with a cap on the total subsidy; for intermediate objectives, the regulator combines these instruments to balance protecting consumers, mitigating underproduction, and limiting overproduction.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.


Given the context: 'Applicants commonly hedge by applying to reaches, matches, and safeties, and admissions outcomes across schools can be correlated, motivating a need to rationalize this practice.', the key idea: 'A simultaneous-search framework with correlated admissions outcomes across schools shows that rejections are informative and rationalizes targeting both safeties and reaches, complemented by an algorithm for computing the optimal application portfolio.', the method: 'The study develops a theoretical model of simultaneous search with correlation in admissions, analyzes optimal portfolios under varying beliefs, risk attitudes, and application costs, and provides a polynomial-time algorithm to obtain the optimal portfolio.', the outcome: 'The model implies that applicants optimally apply to both safeties and reaches, characterizes how the optimal portfolio varies with beliefs, risk attitudes, and costs, and delivers an algorithm that computes the optimal portfolio in polynomial time.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Hedging When Applying: Simultaneous Search with Correlation


Given the context: 'The study examines wage stickiness on the layoff margin and the efficiency of worker-employer separations in the labor market.', the key idea: 'An innovative survey of unemployment insurance recipients is used to quantify willingness to accept pay cuts to avoid layoffs and to document the rarity of pay/benefit/hour negotiations, providing evidence on wage stickiness and inefficient separations.', the method: 'The authors field a survey of UI recipients to elicit acceptance of pay cuts of varying sizes, collect reports of worker-employer discussions about adjustments in lieu of layoffs, and assess whether layoffs meet theoretical conditions for bilaterally efficient separations.', the outcome: 'A majority would accept 5–10% pay cuts and one-third would accept a 25% cut to save their jobs; discussions about cuts in pay, benefits, or hours are exceedingly rare; roughly one-quarter of layoffs violate the theoretical condition for bilaterally efficient separations.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.


Given the context: 'The study examines how voters’ short-term memory affects political outcomes within a framework that views politics as a collective learning process.', the key idea: 'Short-term memory in voters can endogenously generate cycles of polarization and consensus across party platforms by altering the informational environment and parties’ incentives.', the method: 'A theoretical analysis models politics as collective learning with voters who have short-term memory, deriving implications for party platform dynamics under varying informational conditions.', the outcome: 'Periods of consensus yield little variation in voter data and limited information, enabling parties to polarize; periods of polarization and turnover create sufficient variation for voters to identify the correct policy, forcing both parties to converge, producing cyclical shifts between polarization and consensus.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Political Social Learning: Short-Term Memory and Cycles of Polarization


Given the context: 'In households where women regularly receive transfers from their husbands for household purchases, reputation dynamics within the household can influence financial decisions.', the key idea: 'A signaling model is proposed in which wives seek to maintain a good reputation to secure high transfers, leading them to avoid risky purchases and to knowingly overuse low-return goods to conceal bad purchase decisions, termed the intrahousehold sunk cost effect.', the method: 'The study develops a signaling model and provides supportive evidence through a series of experiments with married couples in rural Malawi.', the outcome: 'Experimental findings support the model's predictions, showing behavior consistent with avoiding risky purchases and overusing low-return goods to hide poor decisions.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

The Good Wife? Reputation Dynamics and Financial Decision-Making inside the Household


Given the context: 'The study addresses the challenge of achieving robust behavioral change among disadvantaged adolescents in school settings.', the key idea: 'A behavioral targeting program grants status and leverages self-persuasion by enlisting socially connected senior middle school students with high emotional intelligence as student-teachers to deliver a curriculum to their junior peers.', the method: 'The intervention recruits these student-teachers to deliver a curriculum and evaluates effects on disciplinary incidents, antisocial behavior, the social environment, and admissions to selective high schools for student-teachers and their friendship networks.', the outcome: 'The program empowered student-teachers and improved their social environment; it reduced disciplinary incidents and antisocial behavior among student-teachers and their friendship networks; it significantly increased student-teachers' likelihood of admission to selective high schools.', and the projected impact: 'The approach offers a cost-effective way to help disadvantaged adolescents escape neighborhood disadvantages.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Empowering Adolescents to Transform Schools: Lessons from a Behavioral Targeting


Given the context: 'Debate over whether central banks should keep inflation targets fixed and the presence of persistent private information at the central bank motivate a study of target design under asymmetric information.', the key idea: 'A dynamic inflation target mechanism is proposed that delegates to the central bank the authority to adjust the target’s level and flexibility one period in advance, implementing the full-information commitment allocation.', the method: 'A theoretical dynamic mechanism design framework between a government and a central bank with persistent private information about structural shocks, where firms form inflation expectations based on the central bank’s reports.', the outcome: 'A dynamic inflation target can implement the full-information commitment allocation, and a declining natural interest rate versus a flattening Phillips curve imply opposite optimal adjustments to the target.', and the projected impact: 'The results provide guidance for practical policy decisions on how to design and adjust inflation targets.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.


Given the context: 'Automated content moderation requires accurate, context-sensitive hate speech evaluation, and multimodal large language models could improve this by integrating contextual information, necessitating assessment of their performance and alignment with human judgement.', the key idea: 'The study uses conjoint experiments to systematically audit MLLMs' context-sensitive hate speech evaluations by varying post attributes and benchmarking model decisions against human judgements, including tests of prompting and sensitivity to visual identity cues.', the method: 'Models were given a hate speech policy and evaluated simulated social media posts that varied in slur usage, user demographics and other attributes; their decisions were benchmarked against judgements from 1,854 human participants, with further analyses of prompting effects and responsiveness to visual identity cues.', the outcome: 'Larger, more advanced models made context-sensitive evaluations closely aligned with human judgement; pervasive demographic and lexical biases persisted, particularly among smaller models; prompting amplified context sensitivity but did not eliminate biases, and some models were especially responsive to visual identity cues.', and the projected impact: 'The findings underscore the benefits and risks of deploying MLLMs for content moderation and suggest conjoint experiments as a useful approach for auditing AI in complex, context-dependent applications.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Multimodal large language models can make context-sensitive hate speech evaluations aligned with human judgement


Given the context: 'Comparing information structures between deep neural networks and the human brain is a key approach, with prior work showing vision–language models (e.g., CLIP) align better with ventral occipitotemporal cortex activity than vision-only models, but interpretation is limited by the black-box nature of DNNs.', the key idea: 'Combine model–brain fitness analyses with human brain-lesion data to causally test how disrupting communication between visual and language systems affects the ability of vision–language models to explain visual cortex activity, thereby probing language modulation of human vision.', the method: 'Across four datasets, evaluate model–brain correspondence in VOTC for CLIP versus label-supervised (ResNet) and unsupervised (MoCo) models, assess lateralization, and analyze 33 stroke patients by correlating white matter integrity between VOTC and the left angular gyrus with model–brain similarity.', the outcome: 'CLIP consistently captured unique variance in VOTC neural representations relative to ResNet and MoCo, with a left-lateralized advantage; reduced visual–language white matter integrity was associated with decreased CLIP–brain correspondence and increased MoCo–brain correspondence.', and the projected impact: 'Findings support integrating language modulation into neurocognitive models of human vision and demonstrate that leveraging specific brain lesions is a promising framework for evaluating and developing brain-like computational models.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Combined evidence from artificial neural networks and human brain-lesion models reveals that language modulates vision in human perception


Given the context: 'Trust in scientists affects whether public information influences decisions, and in the USA trust gaps have been stable for 50 years, with women, Black people, rural residents, religious people, less educated people, and those with lower economic status expressing less trust than their more represented counterparts.', the key idea: 'Trust in scientists is shaped by shared characteristics between scientists and audience members; representation cues can boost perceived benevolence and integrity among less-trusting groups, suggesting that who delivers scientific information matters.', the method: 'N/A', the outcome: 'Members of less-trusting groups report greater trust in scientists who share their characteristics and perceive them as more benevolent and, in most cases, more honest; members of high-trusting groups are largely indifferent to scientists’ characteristics.', and the projected impact: 'Increasing the presence of underrepresented groups within science can increase trust, implying a need to expand representation across gender, race/ethnicity, rurality, and economic status.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Representation in science and trust in scientists in the USA


Given the context: 'Climate-related disasters like wildfires and floods pose escalating risks, yet motivating individuals to adopt protective measures is a persistent challenge due to barriers such as psychological distance.', the key idea: 'A behavioral intervention personalizes climate risk communications by integrating proximal cues (e.g., recipients' suburbs) to reduce psychological distance and foster place attachment.', the method: 'A pre-registered randomized field experiment with 12,985 Australian homeowners in wildfire-prone areas compared localized, place-cued emails to generic communications and measured click-throughs and information-seeking about wildfire preparedness.', the outcome: 'Localized messages doubled the likelihood of seeking further preparedness information compared to generic messages (odds ratio 2.03, 95% CI 1.33–3.16), increasing click-throughs and engagement.', and the projected impact: 'The intervention offers a scalable, low-cost approach to enhance disaster preparedness and provides guidance for leveraging behavioral science to mitigate impacts of climate-related disasters.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Enhancing climate resilience with proximal cues in personalized climate disaster preparedness messaging


Given the context: 'Collision-like, contact-based causes are central in theories of causation, yet many causes involve no direct contact, motivating study of how causal language relates to causal reasoning.', the key idea: 'The paper posits a tight link between semantics/pragmatics and causal cognition, investigating how children map causal verbs to different types of causes (proximal vs. distal and absences), with the proposal that lexical causatives denote direct causes and periphrastic causatives denote indirect causes.', the method: 'Three experiments with 691 children and 270 adults measured how participants applied verbs like 'caused' and 'broke' to events involving proximal/distal causes and absences, including eliciting explanations via 'why' questions.', the outcome: 'Four-year-olds mapped 'caused' to distal causes and 'broke' to proximal causes; they did not initially map 'caused' to absences but referenced absences when asked 'why' an outcome occurred; by age 4, lexical causatives were linked to direct causes and periphrastic causatives to indirect causes, with understanding of causation by absence developing later.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

How children map causal verbs to different causes across development


Given the context: 'Debates on the drivers of state formation emphasize agriculture as a catalyst, with competing claims that intensive agriculture’s surplus enabled states, that cereal grains’ taxation potential was pivotal, and that writing emerged to record taxes.', the key idea: 'The study proposes a global phylogenetic approach to test the temporal relationships among grain cultivation, intensive agriculture, taxation, writing, and state formation across cultures.', the method: 'Trait data from 868 cultures were mapped onto a worldwide language tree and analyzed using Bayesian phylogenetic methods to infer the sequence and associations among the traits and state formation.', the outcome: 'Analyses indicate intensive agriculture was as likely a consequence as a cause of state formation; grain cultivation most likely preceded state formation and predicted taxation; writing more likely emerged in tax-raising societies and was not lost once states formed; causal interpretations are limited by model assumptions and small sample sizes in some data.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

State formation across cultures and the role of grain, intensive agriculture, taxation and writing


Given the context: 'Human language exhibits systematic structure with words and phrases, motivating an explanation of how such structure arises and its relation to general cognitive constraints.', the key idea: 'Languages can be understood as codes that minimize predictive information, leading to systematic and local expression of approximately independent features akin to words and phrases.', the method: 'The study uses simulations to examine codes that minimize predictive information and analyzes cross-linguistic text corpora to compare predictive information against baselines at phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexical semantics.', the outcome: 'Simulations show that minimizing predictive information yields message groupings into approximately independent features expressed locally, and empirical analyses find that human languages have low predictive information compared with baselines across multiple linguistic levels.', and the projected impact: 'The findings establish a link between the statistical and algebraic structure of language and reinforce the view that language structures are shaped by communication under general cognitive constraints.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Linguistic structure from a bottleneck on sequential information processing


Given the context: 'Humans possess culturally dependent repertoires that exceed individual innovation capacity, and it is unclear whether non-human animals require social learning to achieve adult-like breadths of knowledge by key developmental milestones or can rely primarily on independent exploration.', the key idea: 'The study proposes that orangutan diet repertoires are culturally dependent and that social learning is critical to drive diet development beyond individual exploratory potentials.', the method: 'An empirically validated agent-based model was built from an extensive dataset of wild orangutan behavior to simulate immature diet development under conditions with and without multiple forms of social learning.', the outcome: 'In the model, diets reached adult-like breadths only when immatures benefited from multiple social learning mechanisms, and social learning was necessary for achieving adult-like breadths by the age of independence from mothers.', and the projected impact: 'The findings suggest orangutan diets are culturally dependent and point to new avenues for investigating how cultural repertoires are built in hominids and other species.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Culture is critical in driving orangutan diet development past individual potentials


Given the context: 'Due to deinstitutionalization, police often serve as first responders to mental health crises and can initiate involuntary psychiatric detentions, which are controversial, costly, and sometimes medically inappropriate.', the key idea: 'Assess the causal impact of a ‘co-responder’ program that pairs mental health professionals with police on qualified emergency calls, targeting reductions in involuntary psychiatric detentions without adverse public safety effects.', the method: 'Two quasi-experimental designs using incident-level data from California communities evaluate the program’s effects on involuntary psychiatric detentions, calls for service, criminal offenses, and arrests.', the outcome: 'The co-responder program reduced involuntary psychiatric detentions by 16.5% (370 fewer over 2 years; b = −0.180, 95% CI −0.325 to −0.034) with no detectable effects on calls for service, criminal offenses, or arrests, and reductions reflect both altered incident disposition and fewer future mental health emergencies.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Emergency mental health co-responders reduce involuntary psychiatric detentions in the USA


Given the context: 'Human languages are highly diverse, yet linguists have long debated the extent and causes of recurring grammatical universals.', the key idea: 'The study rigorously tests 191 proposed grammatical universals using the Grambank database with Bayesian spatiophylogenetic analyses that account for genealogical descent and geographical proximity.', the method: 'Bayesian analyses of grammatical features across the world's languages in Grambank, incorporating both genealogy and geography, alongside evolutionary analyses of language change to evaluate proposed universals.', the outcome: 'Statistical support is found for about one-third of the proposed universals, primarily involving word order and hierarchical universals; evolutionary analyses show that languages tend to change in ways that converge on preferred patterns.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Enduring constraints on grammar revealed by Bayesian spatiophylogenetic analyses


Given the context: 'Reinforcement learning algorithms have been successful in explaining reward-based learning, including instrumental learning in contextual bandit tasks and accounting for brain signal variance, but human reward learning involves multiple processes like memory and choice perseveration that can be misattributed to RL.', the key idea: 'The study examines how much human reward-based learning is truly supported by RL computations and proposes a dual-process account combining a fast working-memory-based mechanism with a slower habit-like associative mechanism.', the method: 'The author reanalyzes and conducts computational modeling across seven datasets (n=594) from diverse samples in an instrumental learning context designed to factor out other processes.', the outcome: 'Reward-based learning behavior is best explained by the joint influence of a fast working-memory process and a slower habit-like associative process, neither of which aligns with a standard RL algorithm on its own.', and the projected impact: 'The results challenge conventional interpretations of RL algorithms as capturing meaningful cognitive processes across brain and behavior, prompting reconsideration of how RL is used to model human learning.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

A habit and working memory model as an alternative account of human reward-based learning


Given the context: 'Computational modelling in psychology and neuroscience faces underappreciated challenges, with appropriate sample size determination—especially for model selection analyses—being critical but often overlooked.', the key idea: 'A power analysis framework for Bayesian model selection is introduced to guide sample size decisions and evaluate the ability to correctly identify the true model among alternatives.', the method: 'The study develops a power analysis framework for Bayesian model selection and applies it to an empirical review of 52 psychology and human neuroscience studies, while examining the statistical properties of fixed effects model selection.', the outcome: 'Power increases with sample size and decreases as more models are considered; 41 of 52 reviewed studies had less than 80% probability of correctly identifying the true model; fixed effects model selection shows high false positive rates and strong sensitivity to outliers.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Addressing low statistical power in computational modelling studies in psychology and neuroscience


Given the context: 'The study is motivated by the question of how the human brain resolves conflicts in sensory input to generate conscious perception, examined through binocular rivalry.', the key idea: 'The paper identifies mesoscale mechanisms whereby interocular inhibition between adjacent ocular dominance columns in the superficial layers of primary visual cortex, together with eye-specific feedback from the intraparietal sulcus, resolve local perceptual conflicts into coherent conscious perception.', the method: 'High-resolution 7T functional MRI was used to measure column- and layer-specific activity in human cortical and subcortical regions during binocular rivalry, probing ocular dominance columns in V1, ocular layers in the LGN, and feedback from the intraparietal sulcus.', the outcome: 'Eye-specific rivalry arises from interocular inhibition in superficial V1 ocular dominance columns rather than LGN ocular layers, and intraparietal sulcus feedback actively biases and synchronizes local V1 competitions into perceptually coherent representations even without awareness of eye-of-origin information.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Mesoscale cortical mechanisms of perceptual conflict resolution in binocular rivalry


Given the context: 'There is growing interest in how individuals adjust goals when encountering striving difficulties, but research is fragmented across theoretical perspectives and life domains.', the key idea: 'A comprehensive meta-analytic review introduces a conceptual model that categorizes and maps antecedents and outcomes of goal disengagement, reengagement, and goal-striving flexibility to consolidate the field.', the method: 'A systematic search across multiple databases (last updated May 2025) identified eligible studies on predictors and outcomes of goal adjustment; 1,421 effect sizes from 235 studies were categorized and analyzed using random-effects meta-analyses, with study quality assessed using QualSyst.', the outcome: 'The review found associations between multiple antecedent categories and goal disengagement, reengagement and flexibility, and between these aspects of goal adjustment and wellbeing, functional, and goal-related outcomes; each aspect is predicted by unique combinations of antecedents and predicts distinct outcomes. The overall evidence quality was judged low to moderate due to reliance on cross-sectional studies, risk of publication bias, and high heterogeneity.', and the projected impact: 'The conceptual model consolidates the literature and offers a roadmap for more systematic investigation of goal adjustment going forward.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

A meta-analytic review and conceptual model of the antecedents and outcomes of goal adjustment in response to striving difficulties


Given the context: 'Sensorimotor feedback underlies active sensing, and in olfaction the sniff is the primary motor behavior; it is expected that sniff dynamics vary with detailed odour characteristics and correspond to neural activity.', the key idea: 'Fine-grained perceptual features of odours, including odour identity, can modulate sniff dynamics and be inferred from them, with olfactory cortical areas modulating sniffing in real time.', the method: 'Analysis of a high-precision functional MRI dataset comprising more than 4,300 sniffs per participant across 160 odours over approximately 18 hours, probing the relationship between odour-induced sniff modulations, perceptual features, and brain activity in olfactory regions.', the outcome: 'Fine-grained odour information and odour identity were decoded from sniffing dynamics, and olfactory brain regions, particularly the amygdala, were involved in percept-driven modulation of sniffing behavior.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

The human brain modulates sniffs according to fine-grained perceptual features of odours


Given the context: 'Brain-wide association studies have focused on inter-regional coupling, while intra-regional spontaneous dynamics remain largely unexplored despite their importance for understanding inter-individual differences.', the key idea: 'Characterizing intra-regional resting-state haemodynamic dynamics with rich time-series features to derive stable, individual-specific 'barcodes' that capture inter-individual variation and enable generalizable brain–behaviour associations beyond traditional connectivity measures.', the method: 'Analyzed four neuroimaging cohorts (ages 8–82 years; N=30,148), extracted ~5,000 time-series features from resting-state signals across 271 brain regions, identified a reliable subset as individual barcodes, and tested associations between barcode dimensions and behavioural traits (substance use, general cognitive abilities) across datasets and age groups.', the outcome: 'Stable individual-specific barcodes were identified across datasets; nonlinear autocorrelations in unimodal regions were linked to substance use traits and random walk dynamics in higher-order networks to general cognitive abilities; these associations generalized across life stages and populations, with age-specific variation for substance use and consistent patterns for cognition.', and the projected impact: 'The results highlight intra-regional dynamics as a foundation for large-scale, generalizable brain-wide association studies and encourage broader use of regional temporal barcodes to link brain activity to behaviour across populations and life stages.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Spontaneous brain regional dynamics contribute to generalizable brain–behaviour associations


Given the context: 'Artificial neural networks often experience interference when acquiring new knowledge, and it is commonly claimed that humans overcome this challenge.', the key idea: 'Humans show similar patterns of transfer and interference to artificial neural networks during continual learning, with identifiable individual differences ('lumpers' vs. 'splitters') that correspond to network regimes promoting overlapping versus distinct representations.', the method: 'Participants and neural networks learned sequential rule-based tasks in an A–B–A design, with task similarity manipulated; transfer and interference were measured via retesting, and networks were trained in rich (overlapping) or lazy (distinct) regimes to mirror human behavioral profiles.', the outcome: 'Both humans and networks benefited more from prior knowledge when tasks were similar but exhibited greater interference when retested; in networks this arose from reusing representations that accelerate new learning while overwriting prior knowledge; humans included 'lumpers' with more interference and better transfer and 'splitters' with less interference and worse transfer, mirrored by network training regimes.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Humans and neural networks show similar patterns of transfer and interference during continual learning


Given the context: 'Attention is a crucial form of capital on social media, yet the mechanisms governing its allocation remain poorly understood.', the key idea: 'Attention depends more on how users express themselves (e.g., emoji variety and multiple emotions) than on who they are (e.g., demographics, background, personality), and attention is easier to acquire than to sustain.', the method: 'The study analyzes a nationally representative, online–offline-integrated dataset of a Generation Z cohort in China, conducts causal analyses of expression features on attention, and uses agent-based simulations to probe underlying mechanisms.', the outcome: 'Expression features have a causal effect on attracting attention and outweigh demographic and background factors; empathy evocation emerges as the primary mechanism; expression modes are largely independent of individual characteristics; attention from highly appealing expressions is sensitive to changes over time and thus hard to sustain.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Attention on social media depends more on how you express yourself than on who you are


Given the context: 'Young adults face rising loneliness and mental health challenges, motivating research on barriers to social connection.', the key idea: 'The study introduces an 'empathy perception gap'—people underestimate others’ empathy—and proposes bridging this gap by presenting peers’ self-reported empathy and nudging social risk-taking to foster connection.', the method: 'A longitudinal study of 5,192 undergraduates assessed perceived peer empathy and well-being, complemented by two field experiments that shared data on peers’ empathy and provided behavioral nudges encouraging social risk-taking.', the outcome: 'Perceiving peers as empathic was associated with better current and future well-being; students systematically underestimated peers’ empathy, and lower perceived empathy predicted reduced social risk-taking and increased isolation. Interventions reduced the perception gap, increased social behaviors, and expanded social networks months later.', and the projected impact: 'The findings indicate a promising, scalable approach to cultivating social well-being by simply sharing information about peers’ empathy.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Bridging the empathy perception gap fosters social connection


Given the context: 'Emotional events are vividly remembered and emotions involve brain-wide network interactions, but it is unclear whether and how whole-brain dynamics contribute to memory encoding.', the key idea: 'Emotional arousal enhances memory encoding by strengthening functional integration across large-scale brain networks, with an integrated brain state (increased cohesion across functional modules) proposed as the mechanism linking arousal to recall fidelity.', the method: 'Functional MRI, graph theory, text analyses, and pupillometry were combined in a naturalistic paradigm where participants perceived narratives and later recalled them in their own words, analyzing three independent datasets to test associations and mediation among arousal, network integration, and memory fidelity.', the outcome: 'Emotionally arousing narrative moments were associated with increased functional integration across brain networks, which predicted subsequent recall fidelity, and network integration mediated the effect of arousal on recall, supported by consistent within- and between-network interactions across datasets.', and the projected impact: 'The findings are expected to advance a cross-level understanding of emotional memory by bridging large-scale brain network dynamics, affective states, and ongoing cognition.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Emotional arousal enhances narrative memories through functional integration of large-scale brain networks


Given the context: 'Psychometric network models are widely used to explore multivariate data, with edges interpreted as evidence of conditional associations, yet the statistical support for these edges is seldom evaluated.', the key idea: 'Quantify the statistical evidence for network edges using a Bayesian approach (inclusion Bayes factors) to assess how strongly reported associations are supported.', the method: 'Reanalysis of 293 networks from 126 published papers using inclusion Bayes factors (BF10) for each edge, categorizing evidence strength and examining how sample size relates to robustness.', the outcome: 'About one-third of edges showed inconclusive evidence (1/3 < BF10 < 3), roughly half showed weak evidence (BF10 > 3 or BF10 < 1/3), and fewer than 20% were strongly supported (BF10 > 10 or BF10 < 1/10); larger sample sizes yielded more robust networks.', and the projected impact: 'The results call for caution when interpreting individual edges in psychometric networks and encourage more rigorous evaluation of statistical evidence in future research.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Statistical evidence in psychological networks


Given the context: 'Climate change impacts vary across locations, raising the possibility that migration from high-risk to lower-risk areas could reduce future damages; assessing whether such migration is already occurring can inform expectations about future responses.', the key idea: 'The study examines whether hurricanes and tropical storms trigger county-level outmigration in the USA and whether migration reduces exposure, leveraging comprehensive storm path data and differentiating responses by storm destructiveness and local economic activity.', the method: 'An empirical analysis uses data on the paths of all Atlantic basin hurricanes and tropical storms from 1992 to 2017 to relate county-level outmigration to storm exposure, track population-weighted exposure over time, and compare responses by storm severity and economic activity.', the outcome: 'On average, storms are not followed by outmigration and population-weighted exposure to storms increased over 1992–2017; very destructive storms lead to outmigration, often to other high-risk counties; counties with high economic activity experience net in-migration after a storm, indicating that benefits of high-risk areas outweigh incentives to relocate to reduce future exposure.', and the projected impact: 'The findings inform understanding of how migration may respond to climate change and help anticipate the extent to which migration will mitigate future climate damages.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Understanding the migratory response to hurricanes and tropical storms in the USA


Given the context: 'Prior research on seriation suggests children struggle to apply algorithmic strategies in simple sorting tasks, despite efficient algorithms enhancing problem-solving.', the key idea: 'Children can spontaneously discover and apply efficient sorting algorithms when faced with a more demanding variant of the task with hidden ranks, indicating greater competence than previously believed.', the method: 'Children completed a sorting task with animated bunnies whose heights were hidden behind a wall; their performance and strategies were analyzed across ages to identify spontaneous use of efficient algorithms.', the outcome: 'Children performed far above chance, independently discovered efficient algorithms such as selection sort and shaker sort, and older children sorted more effectively and used efficient strategies more frequently.', and the projected impact: 'The findings suggest a reassessment of children's capacity for strategic, algorithmic problem-solving and highlight developmental progress in strategic thinking and problem-solving abilities.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Children spontaneously discover efficient solutions to a difficult sorting task


Given the context: 'Addressing societal challenges requires unrelated individuals to reduce conflict and coordinate actions, yet the role of honour—often studied in relation to conflict—in competition and cooperation is underexplored.', the key idea: 'The study examines how perceived normative honour values and personally endorsed honour values predict competition and cooperation, framing honour as a cultural logic with distinct forms.', the method: 'A preregistered online experiment with 3,371 participants from 13 societies elicited incentivized competition decisions in a contest game and cooperation decisions in a step-level public goods game, alongside measures of perceived societal honour norms and personal honour endorsements.', the outcome: 'Perceived normative honour values were associated with greater competition and greater cooperation at both societal and individual levels; endorsing defence of family reputation predicted greater coordination, while endorsing self-promotion and retaliation predicted weaker coordination.', and the projected impact: 'The findings highlight honour, in its different forms, as a cultural logic shaping competition and cooperation across societies.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Honour, competition and cooperation across 13 societies


Given the context: 'It was unclear whether maternal and paternal risks of suicide attempt differ during and after pregnancy.', the key idea: 'The study investigates week-specific sex differences in parental suicide attempt risk across preconception, pregnancy, and the postpartum year, including whether the typical sex difference observed in the general population reverses.', the method: 'A nationwide register-based study in Sweden covering 2,196,276 pregnancies defined the year before conception, pregnancy, and the year after birth, and estimated week-specific incidence rate ratios of suicide attempts for mothers and fathers.', the outcome: 'There were 7,469 suicide attempts among mothers (1.39 per 1,000 person-years) and 8,338 among fathers (1.62 per 1,000 person-years); mothers had lower risk during and after pregnancy with the lowest IRR of 0.14 (0.11–0.17) in the first postpartum week; fathers’ risk was stable before childbirth, lower in the first 10 postpartum weeks (IRRs 0.69–0.91), and higher later postpartum (IRRs 1.10–1.72); compared to fathers, mothers had lower risk during and after pregnancy (e.g., IRR 0.22 (0.18–0.28) in the first postpartum week), indicating a reversal of the typical sex difference during and after pregnancy.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Sex difference in parental risk of suicide attempt during and after pregnancy in Sweden


Given the context: 'Economic games integrated with network science are used to study social behavior, but traditional models and experiments restrict players from taking different actions toward distinct social neighbors, limiting social networking agency.', the key idea: 'Introducing and manipulating social networking agency—allowing individuals to tailor actions to each neighbor—to examine its effects on cooperation, trust, and fairness in economic games.', the method: 'An experimental paradigm that varies network agency was applied to the prisoner’s dilemma, trust game, and ultimatum game (N=735 each), comparing groups with greater agency to control groups on prosocial behaviors, wealth, and inequality.', the outcome: 'Granting greater network agency increased cooperation, trust, and fairness across all three games and led to higher wealth and lower inequality relative to control groups.', and the projected impact: 'Incorporating social networking agency into experimental designs is expected to better capture the prosocial potential of human behavior.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Social networking agency and prosociality are inextricably linked in economic games


Given the context: 'Social norms messaging is widely used as a cost-effective strategy to change health behaviors, but its overall effectiveness has not been comprehensively evaluated.', the key idea: 'A pre-registered, comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assesses the effectiveness of social norms messaging on health behaviors, incorporating robust adjustments for publication bias and moderator analyses.', the method: 'Randomized controlled trials from developed countries targeting individuals aged 16+ were systematically identified across multiple databases; risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane RoB 2 by two reviewers; a random-effects meta-analysis standardized effects to Cohen’s d, evaluated heterogeneity with I², applied robust Bayesian meta-analysis to adjust for publication bias, and conducted moderator analyses by message type, delivery modality, health domain, and population.', the outcome: 'Across 89 studies (n=85,759), social norms messaging showed a small pooled effect (d=0.1, 95% CI [0.09, 0.19], P<0.001) that disappeared after controlling for publication bias; moderator analyses revealed no significant differences by message type, modality, health domain, or population.', and the projected impact: 'Findings suggest social norms messages are not effective at improving health behaviors once publication bias is accounted for, indicating that future public health efforts should prioritize alternative behavior-change approaches.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of social norms messaging approaches for improving health behaviours in developed countries


Given the context: 'Low-socioeconomic-status and immigrant households benefit most from high-quality early childcare yet access it least, with large enrolment disparities in France; cognitive and behavioral barriers are suspected contributors.', the key idea: 'Reducing administrative burden and information costs through informational interventions and personalized support is proposed to address social inequalities in early childcare applications and access.', the method: 'A multi-arm randomized controlled trial with 1,849 households in France tested an information-only intervention versus personalized support aimed at alleviating administrative burdens, measuring effects on application and access rates.', the outcome: 'The information-only treatment had minimal impact, while personalized support significantly eliminated SES and migration gaps in applications; despite higher application rates, impacts on access rates for low-SES and immigrant households were limited.', and the projected impact: 'The study highlights the need for integrated strategies beyond information provision to promote equal opportunities in early childhood education by addressing key obstacles to access for low-SES and immigrant households.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

A randomized controlled trial on the effect of administrative burden and information costs on social inequalities in early childcare access in France


Given the context: 'School interventions aimed at improving adolescents’ general knowledge of vaccination are rare, despite their potential to reduce vaccine hesitancy.', the key idea: 'Two scalable school-based interventions—a set of ready-to-use pedagogical activities for teachers and a chatbot—are proposed to improve adolescents’ attitudes toward and knowledge of vaccination compared to the standard curriculum.', the method: 'A cluster-randomized trial with 8,589 French ninth graders from 399 schools compared the two interventions against the standard curriculum, measuring changes in attitudes toward vaccination (primary outcome) and knowledge.', the outcome: 'Both interventions significantly improved attitudes (Pedagogical Activities: t398=2.99, P=0.003, β=0.094, 95% CI [0.032, 0.156]; Chatbot: t398=2.07, P=0.039, β=0.063, 95% CI [0.003, 0.124]) and knowledge (Pedagogical Activities: t398=3.23, P=0.0013, β=0.103, 95% CI [0.040, 0.165]; Chatbot: t398=2.23, P=0.027, β=0.070, 95% CI [0.008, 0.132]).', and the projected impact: 'The interventions offer scalable ways to counter vaccine hesitancy among adolescents and have important public health implications by improving acceptance and understanding of vaccines.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Interventions to reduce vaccine hesitancy among adolescents: a cluster-randomized trial


Given the context: 'Understanding how sentences are represented in the human brain and in large language models is a substantial challenge for cognitive science.', the key idea: 'A one-shot rule-inference task is introduced to test whether humans and large language models encode tree-structured constituents within sentences by guiding deletions of words.', the method: 'Participants (N=372; native Chinese or English speakers and bilinguals) and large language models (e.g., ChatGPT) were asked to infer which words should be deleted from sentences, and analyses assessed whether deletions aligned with constituency rules specific to Chinese and English.', the outcome: 'Both humans and large language models preferentially deleted constituents rather than non-constituent strings, in a language-specific manner; these patterns cannot be explained by models based only on word properties or positions, and the deleted strings allow successful reconstruction of the underlying constituency tree structure, demonstrating latent tree-structured representations in both groups.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Active use of latent tree-structured sentence representation in humans and large language models


Given the context: 'Private hosting of refugees in Europe has increased during the Ukrainian displacement crisis, but its impact on refugee integration remains understudied.', the key idea: 'The study assesses the short- to medium-term effects of private hosting on multidimensional integration outcomes for Ukrainian refugees in Germany by leveraging a matching platform dataset.', the method: 'Using data from a large non-profit platform, the study compares integration outcomes of refugees matched with private hosts to those of observably similar applicants who were not matched (n=1,700), evaluating social, psychological, navigational, linguistic, economic, and political dimensions.', the outcome: 'Private hosting led to significant improvements in social, psychological, and navigational integration, with no discernible effects on linguistic, economic, or political integration; the study provides causal evidence of these effects.', and the projected impact: 'Findings suggest private hosting can complement traditional public asylum reception and housing systems and mobilize civil society to enhance refugee integration during humanitarian crises.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

The impact of private hosting on the integration of Ukrainian refugees in Germany


Given the context: 'Traditional smoking cessation interventions have limited coverage, and while digital approaches show promise, their comparative efficacy across methodological frameworks and technology types is unclear.', the key idea: 'The study systematically compares digital smoking cessation interventions by methodology and technology type to determine which approaches are most effective relative to standard care.', the method: 'A frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis of 152 randomized controlled trials categorized interventions by methodology and technology type, with cross-matched subgroup and sensitivity analyses.', the outcome: 'Personalized interventions improved cessation versus standard care (RR 1.86, 95% CI 1.54–2.24); group-customized interventions were more effective (RR 1.93, 95% CI 1.30–2.86) than standard digital interventions (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.31–1.72); text message-based interventions were most effective (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.38–1.92); middle-aged individuals benefited more than younger individuals; short- and medium-term programs outperformed long-term ones; sensitivity analyses supported these low-to-moderate findings, with limitations including methodological heterogeneity, potential bias, inconsistent definitions, and limited long-term follow-up.', and the projected impact: 'The authors call for large-scale trials to assess long-term sustainability and population-specific responses, as well as standardization of methods and individual-level data integration.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Efficacy of digital interventions for smoking cessation by type and method: a systematic review and network meta-analysis


Given the context: 'Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is sensitive to individual biophysical differences such as hair and skin characteristics, which can bias signal quality and disproportionately affect diverse populations.', the key idea: 'The study quantifies how hair properties, skin pigmentation, and other factors affect fNIRS signal quality and proposes practical recommendations to enhance inclusivity in fNIRS research.', the method: 'Signal quality was assessed in n=115 individuals while measuring hair properties, skin pigmentation, head size, sex, and age; the authors also developed a suggested metadata table and guidance for cap and optode configurations and hair management techniques.', the outcome: 'Hair properties and skin pigmentation, along with head size, sex, and age, were found to impact fNIRS signal quality, and the study produced recommendations to optimize data collection across varied participants.', and the projected impact: 'The recommendations aim to guide future hardware advances and methodological standards to overcome barriers to inclusivity in fNIRS studies.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Quantifying the impact of hair and skin characteristics on fNIRS signal quality for enhanced inclusivity


Given the context: 'Prior research has established that human mobility exhibits scale-free patterns and proposed models explaining these distributions, but it has not explicitly addressed how geographical constraints (landmasses, waterways, and built environment) structure mobility.', the key idea: 'The study separates the effect of geography from mobility choices by incorporating geography via the pair distribution function, revealing an underlying power-law behavior across five orders of magnitude and linking spatial settlement structure to mobility.', the method: 'Using millions of movement records, the authors apply physics-based models and integrate geography through the pair distribution function to encapsulate the structure of locations, thereby decoupling geographical layout from observed mobility choices.', the outcome: 'Separating geography from mobility choices reveals a power law spanning five orders of magnitude and identifies an underlying pattern in movement independent of geographical layout, showing how the spatial distribution of human settlements shapes human mobility.', and the projected impact: 'The approach is intended to bridge the gap between distance-based and opportunity-based models of human mobility.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Decoupling geographical constraints from human mobility


Given the context: 'Complementary, alternative and integrative medicine (CAIM) use is highly prevalent among autistic individuals, but the evidence for its effects remains uncertain.', the key idea: 'Conduct an umbrella review of meta-analyses on CAIM for autism across the lifespan and develop a web platform to standardize and disseminate the findings.', the method: 'Five databases were searched up to December 31, 2023 for systematic reviews with meta-analyses; independent pairs of investigators screened and extracted data; meta-analyses were reestimated using a consistent statistical approach, methodological quality was assessed with AMSTAR-2, and certainty of evidence was appraised using an algorithmic GRADE framework.', the outcome: 'Fifty-three meta-analytic reports were identified, enabling 248 meta-analyses across 19 CAIMs; no high-quality evidence supports the efficacy of any CAIM for core or associated autism symptoms, with several showing promising but very low-quality evidence; safety is rarely evaluated; an interactive platform was launched (https://ebiact-database.com).', and the projected impact: 'The findings underscore the need for rigorous evaluation of CAIM safety and efficacy in autism and provide a resource to support evidence-based consideration and guide future research.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Complementary, alternative and integrative medicine for autism: an umbrella review and online platform


Given the context: 'There is a lack of large-scale studies examining cultural differences and generational trends in spousal correlations for psychiatric disorders, even though spousal trait similarity can affect prevalence, comorbidity, and bias genetic architecture estimates.', the key idea: 'A large-scale, cross-national and generational investigation assesses the consistency of spousal correlations across nine psychiatric disorders.', the method: 'Analyses of three national registries computed spousal trait correlations: Taiwan (five million spousal pairs), Denmark (571,534 pairs), and published Swedish results (707,263 pairs), with generational changes examined in Taiwan for cohorts born after the 1930s.', the outcome: 'A majority of psychiatric disorders show consistent spousal correlations across nations and over generations, and spouses often share psychiatric disorders.', and the projected impact: 'The consistency of spousal correlations suggests important effects on the population dynamics and inheritance of psychiatric disorders, with implications for prevalence, comorbidity, and genetic architecture estimation.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Spousal correlations for nine psychiatric disorders are consistent across cultures and persistent over generations


Given the context: 'Systemic racism drives racial disparities in the US, but while structural and interpersonal racism are well characterized, cultural racism lacks a robust, validated measure.', the key idea: 'A theory-driven, empirical latent measure of cultural racism is developed using nine indicators to quantify this dimension of systemic racism.', the method: 'Confirmatory factor analysis on nine indicators defines the cultural racism factor, followed by analysis of CDC WONDER mortality data (2018–2021) to assess associations with all-cause mortality rates and life expectancy for Black and white adults.', the outcome: 'Each unit increase in the cultural racism factor is associated with approximately 136 (95% CI: 90 to 182) additional all-cause deaths per 100,000 and about a one-year decline in life expectancy (−1; 95% CI: −2 to −1), with associations consistent across Black and white adults.', and the projected impact: 'The measure is intended to advance research on racism and health and provide an empirical basis for efforts to address US health inequities.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

A latent measure of cultural racism and its association with US mortality and life expectancy


Given the context: 'Resistance to cognitive biases is a crucial component of rationality that affects judgement and decision-making, motivating a synthesis of educational debiasing efforts.', the key idea: 'A systematic review and meta-analysis quantifies the effectiveness of educational interventions in reducing cognitive biases among students, focusing on randomized controlled trials.', the method: 'A systematic review identified 54 randomized controlled trials (383 effect sizes; 10,941 participants) and a meta-analysis synthesized 160 effects from 41 studies; most interventions used cognitive strategies targeting biases (e.g., confirmation bias), and risk of bias and publication bias were assessed.', the outcome: 'Educational interventions produced a small but statistically significant reduction in committing biases compared with controls (g = 0.26, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.39, P < 0.001); some biases (e.g., representativeness heuristic) were harder to overcome; included studies had unclear or high risk of bias and some risk of publication bias.', and the projected impact: 'More research is needed to evaluate the transfer of learning to real-world decision-making and to identify which pedagogical approaches most effectively reduce cognitive biases.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of educational approaches to reduce cognitive biases among students


Given the context: 'As populations age globally, ensuring equitable access to essential services for older adults is increasingly important.', the key idea: 'A fairness index is introduced to compare revealed service accessibility between high-ageing and low-ageing Census Block Groups across health care, housing, and food.', the method: 'The study constructs a fairness index and analyzes datasets spanning diverse demographic and geographic contexts to assess revealed accessibility of key services for ageing populations across the USA, including comparisons between high-ageing and low-ageing areas and projections over time.', the outcome: 'Ageing communities generally exhibit better accessibility, but the advantage is uneven and projected to decline; up to 70% of high-ageing areas in some states lack access to ageing-specific services, indicating substantial geographic disparities.', and the projected impact: 'The findings inform urban planning and policy debates on equitable service provision for ageing populations and highlight the need for more equitable responses to demographic ageing.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Visitation patterns reveal service access disparities for ageing populations in the USA


Given the context: 'It is unknown whether information from different sensory modalities is accumulated by distinct processes and whether these processes have separate decision criteria during multisensory detection.', the key idea: 'Auditory and visual evidence are accumulated in distinct processes that sub-additively co-activate a single, thresholded motor process during redundant detection.', the method: 'Two experiments (n=22; n=21) employed a paradigm tracing neural evidence accumulation via centro-parietal positivity, modeled alongside response time distributions; analyses included redundant and conjunctive audio-visual detection, joint neural–behavioral modeling, and a follow-up onset-asynchrony experiment.', the outcome: 'Auditory and visual evidence were found to be accumulated in distinct processes, and cumulative evidence in the two modalities sub-additively co-activated a single motor process during redundant detection.', and the projected impact: 'The findings address long-standing questions about information integration and accumulation in multisensory conditions.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Distinct audio and visual accumulators co-activate motor preparation for multisensory detection


Given the context: 'Multiple overlapping socioeconomic vulnerabilities are associated with an increased burden of HIV and progression to AIDS among Brazilian women.', the key idea: 'The study assesses the intersectional effectiveness of the Programa Bolsa Família conditional cash transfer on reducing AIDS incidence and AIDS-related mortality among low-income daughters and mothers.', the method: 'Using a quasi-experimental impact evaluation design, the authors analyze a cohort of 12.3 million low-income Brazilian women (2007–2015) to estimate rate ratios for AIDS incidence and AIDS-related mortality associated with participation in PBF, stratified by intersecting vulnerabilities.', the outcome: 'PBF was associated with reductions in AIDS incidence and mortality: daughters had RR 0.53 (incidence) and RR 0.45 (mortality); mothers had RR 0.58 (incidence) and RR 0.57 (mortality), with stronger effects among those with one or two intersecting vulnerabilities, notably brown/Black and extremely low income (RR 0.47), and the greatest effect in extremely low-income, brown/Black mothers with higher education (RR 0.44).', and the projected impact: 'Conditional cash transfers could substantially reduce AIDS-related inequalities and help achieve AIDS-related Sustainable Development Goals, highlighting social protection’s role in addressing health inequalities.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Intersectional impact of cash transfers on AIDS among 12.3 million Brazilian women


Given the context: 'Many controversies arise from disagreements between moral rules and utilitarian cost–benefit reasoning.', the key idea: 'Moral learning from outcomes can shift individuals’ reliance between rule-based and cost–benefit decision strategies, with metacognitive learning about strategies shaping moral decision-making.', the method: 'Across four experiments (total N=2,328), participants faced realistic dilemmas between rule-prescribed and CBR choices, observed the consequences before the next dilemma over 13 choices, and were analyzed using computational modelling to assess metacognitive versus action-specific learning; transfer to donation decisions and moral convictions was also measured.', the outcome: 'Participants adaptively adjusted their decisions according to which strategy produced better consequences, modelling indicated many learned about decision strategies in general, and learning transferred to incentive-compatible donation decisions and moral convictions beyond the experiment.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Learning from outcomes shapes reliance on moral rules versus cost–benefit reasoning


Given the context: 'Prior research often uses composite socioeconomic status measures and examines either health or happiness, leaving unclear the distinct effects of income versus education on health and well-being, amid rising inequality.', the key idea: 'The study separates SES indicators (income and education) to assess their unique associations with both health and well-being at individual and community levels using daily-life data.', the method: 'A large adult sample (N=71,385) from more than 10 countries and 13,089 U.S. ZIP codes was analyzed; a subset (N=29,567) participated in a 3-week Ecological Momentary Assessment providing daily reports of emotions, blood pressure, and heart rate (Nobs=329,543).', the outcome: 'Higher education was consistently linked to better health indicators, higher income was associated with greater well-being, and individual-level SES predicted outcomes more strongly than community-level SES.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Income and education show distinct links to health and happiness in daily life


Given the context: 'Style is a major form of creative expression, yet prior work has focused on its social, political, and aesthetic significance rather than the cognitive and computational mechanisms underlying style perception.', the key idea: 'Style perception is characterized as a process that separates form from content, proposing that this capacity is grounded in psychological mechanisms that parse stylistic information independently of object identity.', the method: 'Ten experiments using classic psychophysical paradigms with both naturalistic images and synthetic stimuli, complemented by an object recognition model to capture human judgments of image similarity across different styles.', the outcome: 'Experiments reveal perceptual tuning to stylistic information, representational constancy across stylistic variation, and mental rendering of novel styled objects; the object recognition model successfully captures human similarity judgments across styles.', and the projected impact: 'The work illuminates the psychological foundations of style perception and enables further investigation of styled media using psychophysical and computational approaches.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.


Given the context: 'Extinction learning suppresses fear responses and is central to understanding anxiety disorders, but it is unclear whether rodent findings on amygdala/hippocampal theta oscillations and context-dependent engrams apply to humans or how they relate to episodic memory mechanisms.', the key idea: 'The study investigates human extinction learning by combining intracranial EEG with representational similarity analysis, proposing that extinction relies on stable, context-specific memory traces coordinated across the extinction network and that amygdala theta oscillations signal safety rather than threat.', the method: 'Intracranial EEG recordings from epilepsy patients during fear and extinction learning were analyzed alongside representational similarity analysis to characterize cue- and context-specific memory traces and their coordination, including assessments of theta oscillations and predictive relationships tested in a subsequent period.', the outcome: 'Amygdala theta oscillations during extinction signaled safety; extinction memory traces were stable, context-specific, and coordinated across the network; context specificity during extinction predicted reoccurrence of fear memory traces at test, and reoccurrence of extinction memory traces predicted safety responses; mutual competition of fear and extinction traces explains fear renewal and extinction retrieval.', and the projected impact: 'The findings reveal neurophysiological mechanisms of human context-dependent extinction learning and suggest a mechanistic framework for clinically relevant phenomena such as fear renewal and extinction retrieval, with potential implications for understanding and treating anxiety disorders.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Representational dynamics during extinction of fear memories in the human brain


Given the context: 'Prior neuroimaging work found that friends exhibit neural similarities, but cross-sectional designs left unclear whether neural similarity precedes friendship or emerges from it; various factors like proximity and interpersonal similarities are known correlates of friendship.', the key idea: 'Pre-existing neural similarity in responses to naturalistic stimuli predicts who will become friends and grow closer in a developing social network.', the method: 'Neural responses to movie clips were recorded from strangers before they met, and their friendship network was tracked from two to eight months later; analyses examined social network distances and changes over time, controlled for sociodemographic similarities, and localized implicated neural processes.', the outcome: 'Higher pre-existing neural similarity predicted closer network proximity and friendship eight months later, and people who grew closer over six months had been more neurally similar as strangers; these effects persisted after controlling for sociodemographic similarities, with localization pointing to similarities in interpretation, attention, and emotional responses.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Neural similarity predicts whether strangers become friends


Given the context: 'There has been speculation about the extent of large language model usage in academic writing, with a need for systematic measurement across scientific publishing.', the key idea: 'The study proposes a population-level framework based on word frequency shifts to estimate the prevalence of LLM-modified text in scientific papers over time.', the method: 'A systematic analysis was conducted on 1,121,912 preprints and published papers from January 2020 to September 2024 across arXiv, bioRxiv, and Nature portfolio journals, applying a word frequency shift-based estimator to detect LLM modification. The analysis examined trends by field and associations with first-author preprint frequency, research area crowdedness, and paper length.', the outcome: 'LLM usage shows a steady increase, with the largest and fastest growth in computer science (up to 22%) and lower evidence in mathematics and Nature portfolio journals (up to 9%). Estimates of LLM modification are higher in papers from frequent preprint posters, in crowded research areas, and in shorter papers, indicating broad use of LLMs in scientific writing.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Quantifying large language model usage in scientific papers


Given the context: 'Altruism supports cooperative behavior, and the study explores whether widely used large language models generate completions simulating altruism when prompted like dictator game experiments.', the key idea: 'The paper tests early language models with dictator-game-style prompts to evaluate whether they simulate altruism versus payoff maximization and examines robustness across models, parameters, phrasing, currencies, and instruction sets using explainable AI techniques.', the method: 'Experiments in late 2022 and early 2023 prompted models (including text-davinci-003 and later GPT-4) with dictator-game-like inputs and non-social decision tasks, replicated the tests, varied prompt phrasing, model parameters, and currencies, and used explainable AI to assess effects of instructions to ignore past research or focus on participants' needs.', the outcome: 'Text-davinci-003 consistently simulated payoff maximization in non-social tasks but altruism in dictator games; similar patterns held under replication, prompt and parameter changes, currency variations, and for GPT-4; instructing the system to ignore past research had little effect, whereas focusing on particular participants' needs noticeably changed results.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Testing for completions that simulate altruism in early language models


Given the context: 'Prevailing accounts treat social learning strategies as fixed heuristics independent of experience, which cannot explain the observed flexibility and individual variability in whom people choose to learn from.', the key idea: 'A domain-general, feature-based reward learning framework is proposed that formalizes how individuals learn to associate social features (such as others’ behavior or success) with reward, providing a unifying mechanistic account of social learning strategies.', the method: 'Six experiments (n=1,941) measure adjustments in social learning in response to experienced rewards, complemented by agent-based simulations that examine how the learning process generates key social learning strategies across different environments.', the outcome: 'People flexibly adjust their social learning based on experienced rewards, and simulations demonstrate that this learning mechanism produces canonical social learning strategies across diverse environments.', and the projected impact: 'The framework suggests that individuals learn how to learn from others, enabling adaptive knowledge to spread dynamically and informing theories of cultural evolution.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Feature-based reward learning shapes human social learning strategies


Given the context: 'Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying brain maturation are fundamental to attention and memory, and human brain regions develop at different rates into the third and fourth decades of life.', the key idea: 'The study characterizes developmental trajectories of aperiodic (1/f-like) neural activity as a proxy for neural noise across brain regions and examines how attentional state modulates age effects, linking these dynamics to cognitive control and memory.', the method: 'A preregistered analysis of intracranial EEG from 5,691 electrodes in 101 participants aged 5.93–54 years during a visual attention-to-memory task and resting state, mapping aperiodic slope metrics and relating them to structural imaging measures of grey matter volume.', the outcome: 'Aperiodic slopes flatten with age into young adulthood in association and sensorimotor cortices; in prefrontal cortex, task-based slopes are steeper than task-free in adults and the opposite in children; age-related differences in task-based slopes explain gains in memory performance; grey matter volume differences are associated with aperiodic slopes, challenging structure-based models of early sensorimotor development.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

The development of aperiodic neural activity in the human brain


Given the context: 'Time spent on the job is a fundamental aspect of working conditions that influences many facets of individuals’ lives, motivating examination of how a 4-day workweek affects workers’ well-being.', the key idea: 'Evaluate an organization-wide, income-preserving 4-day workweek intervention, preceded by work reorganization to improve efficiency and collaboration, to assess impacts on worker well-being.', the method: 'Pre- and post-trial analysis of a 6-month intervention across 141 organizations in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the UK, and the USA with 2,896 employees, including 12 control companies; outcomes measured included burnout, job satisfaction, mental health, and physical health; correlations between company- and individual-level hours reductions and well-being gains were examined, along with mediation by work ability, sleep problems, and fatigue.', the outcome: 'The intervention improved burnout, job satisfaction, mental health, and physical health, effects not seen in control companies; both company- and individual-level hours reductions correlated with well-being gains, with larger individual-level reductions associated with greater improvements; improved work ability, reduced sleep problems, and decreased fatigue mediated the gains.', and the projected impact: 'Findings indicate income-preserving 4-day workweeks are an effective organizational intervention for enhancing workers’ well-being, suggesting a viable practice for employers and policymakers.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Work time reduction via a 4-day workweek finds improvements in workers’ well-being


Given the context: 'Predicting human decisions under risk and uncertainty is a longstanding challenge, with existing models struggling even in stylized lottery-choice tasks.', the key idea: 'A hybrid model, BEAST gradient boosting (BEAST-GB), integrates the behavioural theory BEAST with machine learning to improve prediction of risky choices.', the method: 'The model was evaluated via the CPC18 prediction competition and tested on two large datasets, with comparisons against neural networks and dozens of behavioural models, including assessments of generalization to unseen experimental contexts.', the outcome: 'BEAST-GB won CPC18, predicted more accurately than neural networks and many behavioural models, generalized robustly across unseen contexts, surpassed direct empirical generalization, and helped refine the behavioural theory itself.', and the projected impact: 'Anchoring machine learning in behavioural theory can enable more accurate and interpretable predictions in data-rich settings and improve understanding of human behaviour.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Predicting human decisions with behavioural theories and machine learning


Given the context: 'Occupational specialization is tied to gender, racial, and class identities, segmenting the labor market into perceived White/Black and male/female roles and skill sets.', the key idea: 'The study differentiates how segregation operates by showing that gender divisions align with required occupational skills, whereas racial divisions align with socio-economic status and historical inequalities within skill sets.', the method: 'A large-scale analysis of administrative data from 100 million formal Brazilian workers (2003–2019) across 426 occupations, identifying distinct skill demands and socio-economic statuses linked to race/skin colour and gender.', the outcome: 'Women and men are segmented by gender-associated skill sets (e.g., engineering versus caregiving), while within these skill sets Black individuals are disproportionately concentrated in lower socio-economic status positions; these occupational specialization patterns remained stable despite recent socio-economic changes.', and the projected impact: 'The findings highlight the need to address the strong association between race and lower-status occupations to foster a more inclusive society.', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Unpacking gender and race segregation along occupational skills and socio-economic status in Brazil


Given the context: 'Fluent speech requires serially ordering and preparing motor plans for target sounds, but the neural mechanisms underlying speech-motor sequencing are not fully characterized.', the key idea: 'Sustained neural activity, particularly in the middle precentral gyrus, underlies speech-motor sequencing and plays a central role beyond phasic production and feedback signals.', the method: 'High-density direct cortical recordings were obtained from 14 participants as they spoke utterances with varying phonemic and syllabic sequence complexity after a target reading and delay; electrocortical stimulation of the middle precentral gyrus was also used.', the outcome: 'Phasic activations tied to production and auditory feedback were observed alongside sustained activity throughout target presentation, delay, and production; sustained activity in the middle precentral gyrus was modulated by sequence complexity and predicted reaction time, and stimulation caused speech disfluencies similar to apraxia of speech.', and the projected impact: 'N/A', predict the title of this research paper. Output only the title without explanation.

Speech sequencing in the human precentral gyrus