// FCS Glass - src/core/spring.cpp. See spring.h for the design notes.

#include "core/spring.h"

#include <cmath>

namespace fcs {
namespace core {

namespace {

constexpr double kPi = 3.14159265358979323846;
// |zeta - 1| under this is treated as critical: the under- and over-damped formulas
// divide by a term that goes to zero at zeta = 1, so they must not be used there.
constexpr double kCriticalBand = 1e-6;

double Clamp(double v, double lo, double hi) { return v < lo ? lo : (v > hi ? hi : v); }

}  // namespace

void Spring::Snap() {
  x_ = target_;
  v_ = 0.0;
  active_ = false;
}

void Spring::Reset(double value) {
  x_ = value;
  target_ = value;
  v_ = 0.0;
  active_ = false;
}

void Spring::SetTarget(double target) {
  if (target != target_) {
    target_ = target;
    active_ = true;
  }
}

void Spring::Kick(double velocity) {
  if (!std::isfinite(velocity)) return;
  v_ = velocity;
  active_ = true;
}

void Spring::Step(double dt) {
  if (!active_) return;
  if (!(dt > 0.0) || !std::isfinite(dt)) return;

  const double w = 2.0 * kPi * params_.freq_hz;
  if (!(w > 0.0) || !std::isfinite(w)) {   // no restoring force: do not hang, just arrive
    Snap();
    return;
  }
  double z = params_.damping;
  if (!(z == z)) z = 1.0;                   // NaN damping -> critical
  z = Clamp(z, kMinDamping, kMaxDamping);

  const double d = x_ - target_;            // displacement from the target
  const double v = v_;
  double nd = 0.0;
  double nv = 0.0;

  if (std::fabs(z - 1.0) < kCriticalBand) {
    // d(t) = e^{-wt} (d0 + c t), c = v0 + w d0
    const double c = v + w * d;
    const double e = std::exp(-w * dt);
    nd = e * (d + c * dt);
    nv = e * (v - w * c * dt);
  } else if (z > 1.0) {
    // Over-damped: two real decaying modes. z2 uses the stable form -w/(z+s), because
    // -wz + w*s cancels badly for large z.
    const double s = std::sqrt(z * z - 1.0);
    const double r1 = -w * (z + s);
    const double r2 = -w / (z + s);
    const double c2 = (v - d * r1) / (r2 - r1);
    const double c1 = d - c2;
    const double e1 = std::exp(r1 * dt);
    const double e2 = std::exp(r2 * dt);
    nd = c1 * e1 + c2 * e2;
    nv = c1 * r1 * e1 + c2 * r2 * e2;
  } else {
    // Under-damped: decaying oscillation at wd.
    const double a = z * w;
    const double wd = w * std::sqrt(1.0 - z * z);
    const double b = (v + a * d) / wd;
    const double e = std::exp(-a * dt);
    const double cs = std::cos(wd * dt);
    const double sn = std::sin(wd * dt);
    nd = e * (d * cs + b * sn);
    nv = e * ((-a * d + b * wd) * cs + (-a * b - d * wd) * sn);
  }

  if (!std::isfinite(nd) || !std::isfinite(nv)) {   // belt and braces; should not happen
    Snap();
    return;
  }
  x_ = target_ + nd;
  v_ = nv;
  if (std::fabs(nd) < rest_.pos_eps && std::fabs(nv) < rest_.vel_eps) Snap();
}

}  // namespace core
}  // namespace fcs