{"id": "006ab6c1b3e3badb26203949e51bbbbcc66d8f48c332d74a603dd126db8d9a26", "source": "THE 2009 NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS\nTHE 2009 NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS WAS AWARDED TO Charles K. Kao (Standard Telecommunication Laboratories, Harlow, UK, and Chinese University of Hong Kong), and Willard S. Boyle and George E. Smith (both of whom worked chiefly at Bell Laboratories, in Murray Hill, NJ, USA) for their work leading to modern telecommunications. Kao will receive half the prize money for helping to invent modern optical fiber, allowing signals to travel flawlessly thousands of miles. Boyle and Smith will split the other half of the prize for their development of charge coupled devices (CCDs).\nThe part of this year’s award associated with Mr. Kao underscores the fact that optical fibers carry an increasing fraction of phone calls, television programs, and internet traffic into homes. Data can move down silicon fiber more quickly than through copper wire because nothing is faster than light, and light signaling offers higher bandwidth for electronic circuitry. Encoding information in the form of light pulses rather than as electric pulses allows more data to flow down a line. Kao’s principal achievement was in making the fiber more efficient; by excluding impurities in the fiber material, he developed a material that absorbed less of the light carrying signals over long distances.\nThe part of the prize associated with Boyle and Smith recognizes the huge advantage of capturing images in digital rather than film form. Pictures can be sent through wires more easily, can be manipulated and processed in creative ways (e.g., you can see a moving comet or supernova in sky scans by subtracting tonight’s pixel map from last night’s map), and can be stored more handily. Devices such as photomultiplier tubes for converting light into an electric signal have been around for decades. But the CCD allowed whole two-dimensional fields of optical data to be read out more quickly and efficiently. And, of course, CCD’s have been the backbone of the commercial digital camera industry.", "summary": "The 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Charles K. Kao for improving optical fiber by reducing material impurities, enabling high‑bandwidth, long‑distance light transmission, and to Willard S. Boyle and George E. Smith for inventing charge‑coupled devices (CCDs), which allow rapid digital capture and processing of two‑dimensional optical images and underpin modern digital cameras."}
{"id": "027d744ed9370cb8ff8e31ce04a27809f18ccaad4305b72df22312f2ada18c5a", "source": "I’ve been saying that Gondwana was coming for months, for millions of years. It’s finally arriving. The earlier tectonic collisions in southeastern and east-central North America were between the North American continent and various stringers – island arcs, microcontinents, branches of Baltica, and further north, in Newfoundland and Labrador and Greenland, there was a true continent-continent collision between North America and Baltica.\nBut the really big crunch was between what was now a combined supercontinent – Laurasia or Laurussia, the assembled North America and Europe or Baltica – and the really big supercontinent of Gondwana, which comprised most of the rest of the world’s large continental blocks.\nThis mountain-building event is often called the Alleghenian Orogeny, named for the Allegheny Mountains in West Virginia and Pennsylvania where the effects of the orogeny are preserved. And the rocks there were more specifically deformed at the time we’re talking about now, the very late Mississippian and the Pennsylvanian. The term Appalachian Orogeny can be used to refer to the entire spectrum and time span of the events that created the diverse ranges of the Appalachian Mountains, and that would reach from late Ordovician at least into the Permian, 200 million years or more. So Alleghenian Orogeny is a better, more specific term.\nHow can we distinguish the related, episodic events from each other? The simple way is to look at which rocks are deformed. If Ordovician rocks are folded and faulted, but Devonian rocks are not, then the deformation must have occurred after the Ordovician rocks were formed but before the Devonian layers were laid down. It’s the old law of superposition – deposits or events that come earlier cannot lie over, or affect, rocks that come later. It can get pretty complicated of course, and unraveling the sequences of events is sometimes pretty challenging. It keeps geologists busy!\nBecause this collision really was the big one, it caused considerably greater deformation of the rocks than the earlier events had. The layers of rock in the Appalachian Basin, in western Pennsylvania and West Virginia, were squeezed into a series of elongate folds. Further south, in Virginia, the Carolinas, and Tennessee, the push was strong enough to break the rocks, and there are some really big faults there that were formed at this time.\nThere are lots of consequences to the collision between Gondwana and Laurasia, which we’ll touch on as we get further into the Pennsylvanian Period this month. The whole process will continue well into the Permian, a total of at least 60 million years just for this culminating collision. For comparison, India began to collide with Asia about 40 million years ago – and it’s definitely not done causing deformation, which we see today as earthquakes scattered through the region.\n* * *\nJohn Ewing was born July 5, 1924, in Lockney, Texas. He had a long career with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, and Columbia University. His work focused on marine geophysics, and he’s considered to be the inventor of the air gun for marine seismology. He used geophysical data to unravel the structure of oceanic crust and the transitions between oceanic and continental crust.\n—Richard I. Gibson\nIllustration from USGS", "summary": "The text describes the Alleghenian Orogeny, a major mountain‑building event caused by the collision of the supercontinent Laurasia (including North America and Baltica) with Gondwana during the late Mississippian and Pennsylvanian periods, part of a longer Appalachian Orogeny spanning from the late Ordovician to the Permian. This collision produced extensive folding and faulting in the Appalachian Basin, with especially large faults in Virginia, the Carolinas, and Tennessee, and continued for about 60 million years. The passage also briefly notes John Ewing (1924‑) as a marine geophysicist who invented the air gun for seismology."}
{"id": "0322af3eb91018d462a91298a3cbee5b1f60bc80cca104ad30c98626d7511108", "source": "There are two kinds of bees, both being much smaller than ours; the larger of these are raised in very small hives, and do not form a comb as do ours, but instead certain small sacs like wax-nuts, all close together and full of honey. To get this it is only necessary to open the hive and break the sacs for the honey to run out, and then remove the wax as convenient.\nThe others live in the woods, in the hollows of trees and rocks, where one must hunt the wax. With this and the honey the country abounds, the hones being most excellent save for the fact that it is somewhat watery on account of the fertility of the food of the bees; it is therefore necessary to heat it at the fire, which makes it very good and very hard. The wax is fine, except for being smoky, the reason for which I have not been able to discover; in some provinces it is much yellower on account of the flowers. These bees do not sting, even when the honey is gathered.\nBelize Search Messages Belize News\nYucatan Before and After the Conquest, by Diego de Landa, tr. William Gates,", "summary": "The passage describes two small bee species that produce honey in different ways: one builds tiny hives with wax‑nut‑like sacs that can be opened to collect honey and wax, while the other nests in tree or rock hollows, requiring hunters to gather wax and honey, which is noted as watery due to abundant nectar and must be heated to improve its consistency; the wax is generally fine but sometimes smoky or yellowish depending on local flowers, and these bees do not sting."}
{"id": "058d35669bee6ffd3ebcbfb8c9db0ec9ae6acef3f2046f94adaf3bf38b241631", "source": "Wednesday, April 9\nPosted: Wednesday, April 9\nOne Year Bible Reading Guide:\nVerse of the day:\nHe also asked, “What else is the Kingdom of God like? It is like the yeast a woman used in making bread. Even though she put only a little yeast in three measures of flour, it permeated every part of the dough.\" (Luke 13:20-21)\nJesus asked his listeners one day a very important question; He asked “What is the Kingdom of God like?”\nJesus wanted us to understand the Kingdom of God and the principles by which it operates so he gives us a big idea in these short verses: the Kingdom starts small and it grows big.\nEach time I’ve traveled to Israel I’m struck by the humble beginnings of Jesus. Born of a virgin teenage mother in a small town with a poor reputation, Jesus was just a country boy. To this day, the area where he spent his life and ministry is remote and unremarkable. And many people in Jesus’ day missed the reality that he was the Christ because they were expecting more. That was then. Today, He’s worshiped on every continent by a few billion people on earth as God and Savior. In Acts, the church starts with 120 people in a room. God likes to start small and go big, that’s why we’re encouraged to never despise simple, humble beginnings (Zechariah 4:10). How is the Kingdom of God at work in your life?\nPastor Jon Brooks // College & Young Adult Pastor", "summary": "The passage reflects on Luke 13:20‑21, where Jesus likens the Kingdom of God to a small amount of yeast that spreads through dough, illustrating how the Kingdom begins modestly and expands widely. It connects this metaphor to Jesus' humble origins in a remote, low‑status town and the early church’s start with only 120 believers, emphasizing that God often initiates small movements that grow into global influence, and encourages readers to value simple beginnings."}
{"id": "08686f29adcbc244a839fb8796aa9f34932adb811d38cf640e75bc1fa071a1d9", "source": "|| Home | Contents |||| T. Eugene \"Bull\" Connor ||\n|| Boswell Amendment | Dixiecrats | Montgomery Bus Boycott | Birmingham Demonstrations| 16th Street Baptist Church | March on Washington|\n| Selma-to-Montgomery March | Alabama's Response to Civil Rights Movement| George Wallace and Civil Rights |\nWilliam A. Nunnelley, Samford University\nTheophilus Eugene \"Bull\" Connor was born in Selma, Alabama, on July 11, 1897. His father was a railroad telegrapher, and after Connor's mother died when he was eight, Eugene traveled around the country with his father, who had jobs in more than 30 states. Connor's schooling was neglected and he never graduated from high school, but he learned the craft of telegraphy from his father. Connor used his ability to read telegraph ticker reports to work for early radio stations, and later became a sportscaster in Birmingham. Making a name for himself, he moved into politics, being elected to the Alabama legislature in 1934 and to the position of Commissioner of Public Safety in Birmingham in 1937. He served four consecutive terms, skipped one term, then was re-elected in 1957 and 1961. Over the years, Connor became known as an outspoken segregationist. Birmingham votersthe majority of them white during this era of segregationsupported him for many years. But by 1962, a majority had grown tired of his reactionary politics and voted to change Birmingham's form of government from City Commission to Mayor-Council primarily to oust Connor and his two fellow commissionersMayor Art Hanes and Commissioner of Public Improvements J. T. Waggoner. The commissioners sued to keep their jobs, but on May 23, 1963, the Alabama Supreme Court ruled that the newly elected Birmingham City Council was the city's legal government. Connor thus left office after more than 26 years on the City Commission. In 1964, he won the first of two terms as President of the Alabama Public Service Commission. He retired after losing the race for a third term in 1972, and died March 10, 1973.\nOne of the most enduring images of the Civil Rights Movement is that of Birmingham firemen and policemen using water hoses and police dogs against African-American demonstrators in 1963 Birmingham. The episode came during the first week of May, following a month of peaceful demonstrations by Birmingham's African-American community against their city's segregation ordinances. Civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr., who described Birmingham as \"the most segregated city in America,\" organized the demonstrations with the help of local civil rights leader Fred L. Shuttlesworth and others. \"Bull\" Connor tried to stop the growing demonstrations, and gained lasting infamy when he resorted to using the water hoses and dogs. Televised reports of police dogs lunging at African-American citizens and people being washed down the streets by water from powerful fire hoses dramatized the plight of African-Americans in segregated areas. The events in Birmingham helped mobilize the administration of President John Kennedy to begin efforts leading to the most far-reaching civil rights legislation in history, the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The name \"Bull\" Connor thus came to symbolize hard-line Southern racism. Ironically, Connor's heavy-handed defense of segregation in 1963 Birmingham actually hastened the passage of America's Civil Rights Act.\nNunnelly, William A. Bull Connor. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1991.", "summary": "Theophilus Eugene \"Bull\" Connor (1897‑1973) was a Birmingham, Alabama, politician who served as Commissioner of Public Safety from 1937 to 1963, becoming notorious for his staunch segregationist stance. In May 1963 he ordered police to use fire hoses and police dogs against peaceful African‑American demonstrators during the Birmingham campaign organized by Martin Luther King Jr. and local leaders, an image that drew national attention and helped spur President Kennedy’s push for the Civil Rights Act of 1964. After losing his commission post in 1972, Connor retired and died the following year."}
{"id": "0911082fd756fdc43de0ec222e8a84b865a14bca9016ca0601a68416e416cd26", "source": "Food and alcohol history have in recent decades won academic attention and have demonstrated their potential as privileged gateways for thinking about broad historical questions. Focusing on fermented and distilled beverages, this collection of stimulating essays aims precisely at using “alcohol as a way to understand bigger topics within Latin American history, such as identity, ethnic and communal bonding, race, class, gender, power relations, state-building, and resistance” (p. 9). The editors, both experts on the history of alcohol in Mexico, also intended to compile writings that cover a broad regional and temporal spectrum. The volume is organized chronologically and is divided into three parts, covering respectively the pre-Hispanic and colonial periods, the long nineteenth century, and the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The introduction presents a well-developed historiographical overview of this subject, including the history of drugs.\n|Translated title of the contribution||Reseña de libros de: El alcohol en América Latina: Una historia social y cultural. Editado por Gretchen Pierce y Áurea Toxqui. Tucson: Prensa de la Universidad de Arizona, 2014|\n|Original language||English (US)|\n|Journal||HAHR - Hispanic American Historical Review|\n|State||Published - 2015|", "summary": "The reviewed volume, edited by Gretchen Pierce and Áurea Toxqui, gathers essays on the social and cultural history of fermented and distilled beverages in Latin America, using alcohol to explore broader themes such as identity, ethnicity, race, class, gender, power, state-building, and resistance. Organized chronologically, it covers the pre‑Hispanic and colonial eras, the long nineteenth century, and the twentieth‑twenty‑first centuries, and includes a historiographical introduction that also addresses the history of drugs."}
{"id": "094703b393e41ee14865e8f44fa6007afed05ec3ba83510dfbad51a71960286c", "source": "With the growing number of adolescents going through \"the System\" each year, there is an increasing need for sentencing alternatives and public education of the judicial process. Youth Court offers a voluntary alternative to the criminal justice system for young people who have committed a crime or an offense. The goal of Youth Court is to intervene in early anti-social, delinquent, and criminal behavior, and to reduce the incidence and prevent the escalation of such behavior. Youth court strives to promote feelings of self esteem and desire for self improvement, and to foster a healthy attitude toward rules and authority.\nThe purpose, aside from sentencing, is to educate and motivate both defendants and student participants while promoting better communication between attorneys, defendants, the court, and the community. The Youth Court Program is two-fold in its purpose. First, to subject youthful offenders to sentences by their own peers; and secondly, to encourage more participation in the judicial process with increased understanding of the day-to-day application by all young people.\nThrough enabling teens to understand the consequences of their actions, by focusing on their strengths and giving them an opportunity to take an active role in making amends, The Third District Youth Court is a unique process that incorporates teens, victims, and the community in a new form of justice—one that is believed to be effective in reducing juvenile crime. Entrusting youth to make difficult decisions about a peer’s behavior sends an unmistakable message: that these youth are valued, influential, contributing members of our community. Moreover, the sentence is likely to be more casually related to the offense than a fine or even specified hours of volunteer service given by a judge. For example, offenders in Youth Court are often asked to write essays about the offense or its effect on them and/or their victim. Some youth offenders are required to read these essays to a class at a local school.\nLastly, the participation and education of young people is accomplished by the structure of Youth Court. A student jury is employed to hear two to four offenses each Youth Court session. Each session also requires student attorneys, a student bailiff, a student clerk, and a student coordinator. Over the course of a year, several hundred students develop an appreciation of the law, the work of attorneys and jurors, and the process of sentencing. The learning involves real cases and real defendants and is, therefore, much more practical in its application.", "summary": "The Third District Youth Court provides a voluntary alternative to traditional sentencing for adolescent offenders, aiming to intervene early in antisocial behavior, boost self‑esteem, and foster respect for rules. It educates participants by having peers sentence offenders, often through reflective essays or presentations, and involves a student jury, attorneys, bailiff, clerk, and coordinator. Over a year, hundreds of students gain practical insight into law and the judicial process while the community benefits from a restorative approach that seeks to reduce juvenile crime."}
{"id": "0952fc2b62f5195e7d2bea6cddad1d44dc7aded83616edcad532b27fe68d3251", "source": "Meditation is a very ancient practice and is extremely beneficial for anyone with Mental Health issues. It helps to gain control of the mind and especially to calm the mind so anxiety attacks, bi-polar and anger issues are particularly benefited, but depression and other issues are all improved through meditation too. Most importantly, Meditation reduces stress which has harmful effects on both mind and body. Thoughts are things, have a vibrational frequency and affect the body physically.\nThere are a variety of practices of Meditation to train the mind or induce a mode of consciousness, either to realize some benefit, or as an end in itself. Includes techniques to promote relaxation, build internal energy or life force (qi, ki, prana, etc.) and develop compassion, love, patience, generosity and forgiveness which are essential components of all mental health recovery.\nMeditation involves an internal effort to self-regulate the mind in some way. Meditation is often used to clear the mind and ease many health issues, such as high blood pressure, depression, and anxiety. Meditation may involve generating an emotional state for the purpose of analyzing that state — such as anger, hatred, etc. — or cultivating particular mental response to various phenomena, such as compassion.\nMeditation has a calming effect and directs awareness inward until pure awareness is achieved, described as “being awake inside without being aware of anything except awareness itself.”\nThe following are a few a guided meditations to introduce you to what is possibly the easiest form of meditation: the first is for deep relaxation which is very soothing and very helpful for relieving stress, anxiety, panic, anger, fear, OCD etc.; the other merely the tones of 528 Hz which is the vibration of Love.\nIt has been found that Love has a frequency of 528Hz and being exposed to this frequency, which is also the frequency of the grass, is extremely healing, especially to the DNA.\nThis is a powerful 1 hour pure 528Hz Solfeggio frequency – DNA Healing Activation that will work on the core of your being. All layers of our aura balances to the vibration of 528hz solfeggio. Use it as pure sound or put it on while listening to something else, and have this going in the backround. According to Dr. Leonard Horowitz, “more than any sound previously discovered, the 528hz “LOVE frequency” resonates at the heart of everything. It connects your heart, your spiritual essence, to the spiraling reality of heaven and earth.”\nBinaural beats – another aid to meditating ...\nYoga has been practiced for more than 5,000 years, and currently, close to 11 million Americans are enjoying its health benefits.\nYoga is an excellent form of exercise as you begin where you are physically. For the very unfit and immobile, there is chair yoga and all levels beyond that. Yoga is easy to do and has the benefit of breaking the fascia that forms between muscles and causes stiffness and immobility. You will be in the best shape you have ever been when you practice yoga regularly. The mere exercise of the body improves the quality of the mind.\nMost Westernized yoga classes focus on learning physical poses, called asanas. They also usually include some form of breathing technique and possibly a meditation technique as well. Yoga has been hailed as a very effective means to de-stress, and to acquire serenity and clarity in one’s life. There are videos which incorporate the meditation element in them. Here are a few to introduce you to the concept.\nEven medically prescribed drugs are not always the answer to everything, and we encourage you to seek answers.", "summary": "The document describes meditation as an ancient practice that can help with various mental health issues such as anxiety, bipolar disorder, anger, depression, stress, and high blood pressure, emphasizing its role in calming the mind and promoting qualities like compassion and forgiveness. It mentions guided meditations, including deep‑relaxation sessions and exposure to a 528 Hz “love” frequency claimed to aid DNA healing, and references binaural beats. The text also outlines yoga’s long history, its physical and mental benefits, and notes that many people use these practices alongside or instead of medication."}
{"id": "0b2308431e5fd8184639d977179fe4810bb5a3dad6bc56c1b200673314b6c246", "source": "Prostate is a small walnut shaped gland that lies just below the bladder and ahead of the rectum. It is a part of the male reproductive system. The gland produces a seminal fluid that is a part of the sperm. The cancer in this region are most common in older men, especially in the US where 1 out of every 6 men has the probability. While some prostate cancers are slow, there are aggressive ones too, that can spread quickly to the other parts of the body.\nEarlier stages if this form of cancer are generally asymptomatic. However, as the cancer grows, it can create serious health complications related to urination and sexual intercourse, and even death.\nFact is, the causes of prostate cancer has not been accurately explained. However, some experts have adjudged that obesity, family history, age, and diet can be the primary causative factors for developing a carcinoma of the prostate.\nSigns and Symptoms\nAs mentioned earlier, prostate cancer in its beginning stages barely causes any significant health problems. It is only when the cancer grows or reaches its final stages, the symptoms become more visible and distinctive. Following are the indications of a prostate cancer:\n- Weak flow of urine\n- Nocturia (frequent urination, especially at night)\n- Trouble starting or maintaining the steady flow of urine.\n- Difficulty in emptying the bladder\n- Hematuria (presence of blood in urine)\n- Dysuria (pain or burning sensation while urinating)\n- Difficulty in achieving erection\n- Painful ejaculation\nThere are also other diseases that might show the same symptoms as the ones of prostate cancer. To detect the type of diseases, you have to go for the respective test and examinations.\nDuring the initial stages when the cancer is confined to the gland itself, the chances of a successful treatment are higher. For later stages, there are a number of treatment methods, but deciding on the kind you would like to have is the vital question. Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, cryotherapy, etc., are some of the standard treatments that can be used.\nAt Cancer Therapies, we provide Sonophotodynamic Therapy to treat final stage prostate cancers. A combination of ultrasound and light waves to activate the sensitizers concentrated in tumor are directed to destroy the malignant cancer cells. This non-invasive procedure is a breakthrough in itself and has very minimal or zero side-effect", "summary": "The prostate is a small gland in the male reproductive system that produces seminal fluid, and prostate cancer is most common in older men, affecting about one in six in the US; early stages are typically asymptomatic, but later stages can cause urinary and sexual symptoms and may be fatal. Risk factors suggested include obesity, family history, age, and diet, though causes are not fully understood. Symptoms include weak urine flow, nocturia, difficulty urinating, blood in urine, pain during urination, erectile difficulties, and painful ejaculation. Treatment options range from surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and cryotherapy, with Sonophotodynamic Therapy offered as a non‑invasive option for advanced cases."}
{"id": "0d033386c8332eb59f9a71621ea68e14e6058054cca673cc052bc07b7b375261", "source": "ACM News – 12/12/2012\nUniversity of Bath researchers say they have developed a vector-based video codec that could lead to the death of the pixel within five years. The researchers say the codec, which presents an image using contoured colors, can fill between the contours. The result is a resolution-independent form of movie and image, capable of the highest visual quality but without using pixels. “This is a significant breakthrough, which will revolutionize the way visual media is produced,” says Bath professor Phil Willis. “At the moment we’re focusing on applications in post-production and we’re working directly with leading companies in this area, however there are clear applications in Web, tablets, and mobile which we haven’t explored in detail yet.” Willis notes that his group is working with Root6 Technology, Smoke & Mirrors, and Ovation Data Services on the project. “Involvement from a greater variety of companies with different interests will extend the project in a variety of ways and increase the potential applications of this game-changing research,” he says.\nMore info: University of Bath (12/11/12)", "summary": "University of Bath researchers, led by Professor Phil Willis, claim to have created a vector‑based video codec that represents images with contoured colors and can fill between contours, producing resolution‑independent movies and images without pixels. They suggest the technology could replace pixel‑based media within five years and offer high visual quality for post‑production, web, tablet, and mobile applications. The project involves collaborations with companies such as Root6 Technology, Smoke & Mirrors, and Ovation Data Services."}
{"id": "1228388125b755c89799f026da54be9947dedcb34db1361de82b4196c4e88e89", "source": "In normal circumstances a woman should not bleed beyond seven days in her menstrual cycle. This may be experienced in some women and when prolonged menstrual bleeding occurs it should not be ignored for there might be underlying problems associated with it.\nThis condition is known in medical terms as menorrhagia. A woman experiencing this is unable to perform most of her daily activities and lives in a lot of discomfort. Most women will not like to experience that period time during the month.\nCauses of menorrhagia\nProgesterone and estrogen hormones play a key part in the menstruation cycle. If they are in the right balance they form the uterine liningthat is shed during menstruation.\nWhen the hormones are unbalanced the uterine lining is built excessively leading to prolonged menstrual bleeding.\nThese are benign tumors that grow in a woman’s uterus during her child bearing time. They may cause heavy and sustained menstrual bleeding.\nThese like fibroids grow in the uterus when the woman is in her child bearing years. They grow on the endometrial lining of the uterus as a result of high levels of hormones in the body. Their presence results in abnormal bleeding in women\nThis is evident in women who have had their children. It occurs during the last years of production. The tissues that line the uterus, start growing into the uterus often causing increased menstrual bleeding.\nThis is a situation where the ovaries fail to release an egg every month. This situation results in an imbalance of hormones whose eventual result is prolonged menstrual bleeding.\nContinued bleeding after pregnancy has been confirmed may mean that the pregnancy has been lost.\nThis occurs when the fertilized egg is not implanted in the uterus as it should be. Instead, it is lodged in the fallopian tube, cervix, abdomen or ovaries. This may result in prolonged menstrual bleeding.\nMedicinal side effects\nSome medicines such as hormonal and inflammatory drugs have side effects that can instigate abnormal bleeding.\nIn seldom cases health conditions such as liver, kidney, and cancers of the uterus, ovaries and cervix can lead to prolonged menstrual bleeding.\nCure for prolonged menstrual bleeding\nFactors such as the causes of the problem, the woman’s health status and the seriousness of the problem are considered when seeking treatment for prolonged menstrual bleeding. Doctors often prescribe oral contraceptives which help to regulate menstrual cycles. Hormones are balanced by taking progesterone tablets that help to maintain uterine progesterone at the proper levels and hence normal menstrual bleeding.\nTo calm menstrual cramps, doctors use drugs that ensure normal menstrual bleeding and reduce amount of blood lost. If the prolonged menstrual bleeding is as a result of medicines taken the doctor will give alternative medicine.\nIf drugs do not cure the problem, then surgical operations may be performed to correct the situation. Since most of the operations require the removal of the uterus a woman may take her chances and rely on drug therapy. A woman should ensure she has a balanced diet to make up for the lost blood.", "summary": "The document describes menorrhagia, defined as menstrual bleeding lasting longer than seven days, and its impact on daily life. It attributes prolonged bleeding to hormonal imbalances, benign uterine tumors such as fibroids, ovarian failure, ectopic pregnancy, certain medications, and serious conditions like liver, kidney disease, or cancers of the uterus, ovaries, and cervix. Treatment options depend on cause and severity and may include oral contraceptives, progesterone tablets, pain‑relieving drugs, alternative medications, or surgery—often hysterectomy—while emphasizing the importance of a balanced diet to compensate for blood loss."}
{"id": "12334ae09d9bafaa437649e2c94cdc50eaea1311da5cb702506cddd8ef886527", "source": "Now that the glory of spring and early summer perennials is past its peak and your summer annuals are starting to look a little weary, perhaps you have noticed sedums. They are virtually everywhere you look and they are more apparent now because they are starting to come in to their own. There are good reasons that sedums are so ubiquitous – they are sun loving succulents that can withstand drought and neglect and can be grown in rocky or sandy soil, hillsides, or in containers as long as the soil drains well.\nThey are very low maintenance, do not require pruning and are not aggressive spreaders. In short, they are easy to grow and provide a spectacular show.\nSedums range from groundcovers to large border perennials. The groundcover or creeping sedum, also known as stonecrop, consists of low growing succulent leaves ranging from green to blue gray to reddish bronze and generally have small blooms of five-petaled flowers in yellow, white, or pink.\nThe leaves of some species turn shades of red and russet in winter. Creeping sedum is a great choice for rock gardens and stone walls as they thrive with poor or little soil.\nThe upright, border perennial sedum are generally 1-2 feet tall with green or bluish or red/purple foliage and topped by domed flowerheads consisting of many tiny flowers – almost like a broccoli plant that erupts into gorgeous colors!\nAlthough green buds appear in the spring, their stunning beauty is not fully revealed until they begin to flower in the late summer and early fall. The flowers get richer and deeper in color as weather cools. Sedums provide interest in the garden from spring through late fall and even into the winter.\nBy Hilary Kassler", "summary": "The passage explains that sedums are hardy, sun‑loving succulents that thrive in well‑draining soil, tolerating drought, neglect, and poor conditions, making them low‑maintenance garden plants that need no pruning and do not spread aggressively. They range from low‑growing groundcover (stonecrop) with foliage in green, blue‑gray, or reddish tones and small yellow, white, or pink flowers, to upright border varieties 1‑2 feet tall with colorful foliage and dense, broccoli‑like flowerheads that bloom from late summer into fall and persist into winter. Their foliage may turn red or russet in winter, and they are suitable for rock gardens, stone walls, containers, and borders."}
{"id": "12f7492bb746c44e1494b875810c833d23bb1190f1daaa94fd1904bf72e5196b", "source": "What is nothing? This is a question that has bothered philosophers as far back as the ancient Greeks, where they debated the nature of the void. They had long discussions trying to determine whether nothing is something.\nWhile the philosophical facets of this question pose some interest, the question is also one that the scientific community has addressed. (Big Think’s Dr. Ethan Siegel has an article describing the four definitions of “nothing.”)\nIt’s nothing, really\nWhat would happen if scientists took a container and removed all the air out of it, creating an ideal vacuum that was entirely devoid of matter? The removal of matter would mean that energy would remain. Much in the same way that the energy from the Sun can cross to the Earth through empty space, heat from outside the container would radiate into the container. Thus, the container wouldn’t be truly empty.\nHowever, what if scientists also cooled the container to the lowest possible temperature (absolute zero), so it radiated no energy at all? Furthermore, suppose that scientists shielded the container so no outside energy or radiation could penetrate it. Then there would be absolutely nothing inside the container, right?\nThat’s where things become counterintuitive. It turns out that nothing isn’t nothing.\nThe nature of “nothing”\nThe laws of quantum mechanics are confusing, predicting that particles are also waves and that cats are simultaneously alive and dead. However, one of the most confusing of all quantum principles is called the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, which is commonly explained as saying that you cannot simultaneously perfectly measure the location and movement of a subatomic particle. While that is a good representation of the principle, it also says that you cannot measure the energy of anything perfectly and that the shorter the time you measure, the worse your measurement is. Taken to the extreme, if you try to make a measurement in near-zero time, your measurement will be infinitely imprecise.\nThese quantum principles have mind-bending consequences for anyone trying to understand the nature of nothing. For example, if you try to measure the amount of energy at a location — even if that energy is supposed to be nothing — you still cannot measure zero precisely. Sometimes, when you make the measurement, the expected zero turns out to be non-zero. And this isn’t just a measurement problem; it’s a feature of reality. For short periods of time, zero is not always zero.\nWhen you combine this bizarre fact (that zero expected energy can be non-zero, if you examine a short enough time period) with Einstein’s famous equation E = mc2, there is an even more bizarre consequence. Einstein’s equation says that energy is matter and vice versa. Combined with quantum theory, this means that in a location that is supposedly entirely empty and devoid of energy, space can briefly fluctuate to non-zero energy — and that temporary energy can make matter (and antimatter) particles.", "summary": "The passage discusses philosophical and scientific attempts to define \"nothing,\" noting that even an ideal vacuum cannot be truly empty because quantum mechanics and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle allow temporary fluctuations of energy, which, via E=mc², can briefly create particle‑antiparticle pairs in supposedly empty space."}
{"id": "153d48d9ff541b3ed1390c394050c363adb04c38c9a79357559df97e5b68ac09", "source": "Office of Citizen\nRest in Peace,\nIgloo - building with water crystals in compression\nSubmitted by Jeff Buster on Wed, 03/03/2010 - 15:36.\nThe recent snows in the North East Ohio area have stimulated children (and perhaps adults, in the case of the very cleanly expressed example in the image above) to creative play involving no commercial components.\nIce has about zero strength in tension, so this igloo relies solely on compression of the snow for its stability. If this dome/parabolic shape were used for lightly reinforced thin skin concrete structures in re-building efforts in Haiti, would the resulting structure have adequate seismic resilience and be hurricane tolerant?\nConstruction of a concrete igloo could be very inexpensively done with the use of inflatable forms and shotcreting. Even dirt can be used for the form - and then removed from the inside of the igloo after the concrete has been applied and cured.\nCan you imagine a Caribbean \"village\" of igloos all painted in bright topical tones!\n( categories: )", "summary": "The post describes a snow igloo built solely from compressed snow, noting ice’s low tensile strength, and proposes adapting its dome shape for inexpensive concrete shelters in Haiti using inflatable forms and shotcrete, possibly reinforced with thin skins. It questions whether such structures would provide sufficient seismic and hurricane resistance and imagines brightly painted Caribbean igloo villages."}
{"id": "16380e67b486da8d893db7ff2fe5dcb701ad3bb84c4307c29920a70ae43fc173", "source": "About this Piece\nWhen she completed and performed her first and only Piano Concerto, Clara Wieck Schumann was still a teenager, but already a veteran performer and composer. Trained from early childhood and managed by her often tyrannical and controlling father Friedrich Wieck, she had toured internationally with programs including some of her own pieces. Music had become for her “the air in which I breathe.” But Clara was well aware that at the time, as she said, “women cannot become composers.... I once believed that I possessed creative talent, but I have given up this idea; a woman must not desire to compose—there has never yet been one able to do it. Should I expect to be the one?”\nThroughout her long and prolific career, Clara proved that yes, she could expect to be the one. After meeting her, poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe admitted that “the girl has more power than six boys put together.” Nonetheless, Clara’s life required a strenuous balancing act between the expected roles of wife and mother and her immense talent and strong creative drive. The Piano Concerto dates from the period when she was coming to know the man who would become her husband and whose own career would overshadow hers: composer Robert Schumann (1810–1856). Together they would have eight children, raised mostly by Clara, since Robert suffered from severe mental illness and was eventually institutionalized. Their relationship was a complicated one; although he encouraged Clara’s composing, Robert told her that “men stand higher than women” and warned her that “Marriage is different. Then there is cooking to be done.” Her job, he said, would be to “stimulate me, and since I shall often be hearing my compositions, you will encourage me.”\nRobert was closely involved with the evolution of what became Clara’s Piano Concerto. In early 1833, three years after Robert moved into her father’s house to study piano, she finished and orchestrated a Konzertsatz that would eventually become the final movement of the completed three-movement Concerto. Robert revised the orchestration in early 1834. Over the next two years, she wrote and orchestrated the first and second movements, and redid Robert’s orchestration of the third movement. On November 9, 1835, she played the premiere at a high-profile concert with the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, conducted by Felix Mendelssohn, one of Clara’s most enthusiastic champions.\nDespite her youth and inexperience in assembling a large work with piano soloist and orchestra, Clara succeeded in creating an impressive sense of musical unity. The rising figure (confident but tender) in dotted rhythm in the tonic key of A minor heard at the outset reappears in the themes of the following two movements. Most unusual in form is the second movement “Romance,” in the unexpected key of A-flat major, for piano and cello, a lyrical “song without words.” Cast in modified Rondo form, the third movement offers the soloist ample opportunities to display a richly detailed and elegant virtuosity, reminiscent of Chopin’s piano music, often featured in Clara’s own recitals. Not surprisingly, the piano dominates throughout, with the orchestra assuming a distinctly subordinate role.\nClara always held herself to exacting artistic standards, and she later expressed doubts about whether her youthful Concerto met them. “I play it because everyone likes it,” she told her husband. “Whether it satisfies me personally, that is another question.” But Clara had no need to apologize for this finely crafted and highly individual little masterpiece, by turns fiery and fantastic.", "summary": "Clara Wieck Schumann composed and premiered her only Piano Concerto as a teenage virtuoso, despite societal doubts about women composers. With early support and later revisions from her future husband Robert Schumann, she completed the three‑movement work, which debuted on November 9, 1835, with the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra under Felix Mendelssohn. The concerto features thematic unity in A minor, an unusual Romance movement in A‑flat major for piano and cello, and a virtuosic final movement reminiscent of Chopin, while the orchestra remains subordinate. Clara later questioned its artistic sufficiency, yet it remains a notable early achievement."}
{"id": "16b2db20a2948f097b5e34d33742a4b232c8293083f657cd0dd8d2f40eae2962", "source": "Each summer, SparkFun hosts a 5-day professional development workshop, Microcontrollers for Educators, to help teachers and other educators learn how to bring computer science and computational thinking to their classrooms.\nThis year, we've changed the format slightly to allow these workshops to take a deep dive into a particular board - Arduino, micro:bit and Raspberry Pi. Which means, that this year, we are offering three different sessions around the country.\nWe hope you can join us for one (or all) of the sessions this summer:\n- Raspberry Pi for Educators - July 9-12, 2019 - Bronxville, NY\n- Arduino for Educators - July 15-19, 2019 - Boulder, CO\n- micro:bit for Educators - July 22-26, 2019 - Portland, OR\nIn addition to focusing on key content, these workshops provide time to reflect on pedagogy, classroom management, and pacing of material. The material is designed to give a basic foundation to immediately start working with students in the context of programming and engineering.\nWho Should Register?\nThis workshop is designed for educators from any background - with or without prior electronics experience. If you've been trying to figure out how to add physical computing to your course, but have been unsure where to start, this is the workshop for you. For a small additional fee, participants can even earn three continuing education credits through Colorado State University.", "summary": "SparkFun's annual five‑day Microcontrollers for Educators professional development workshop will be offered this summer in three separate sessions focusing on specific platforms: Raspberry Pi (July 9‑12, 2019, Bronxville, NY), Arduino (July 15‑19, 2019, Boulder, CO), and micro:bit (July 22‑26, 2019, Portland, OR). The workshops aim to equip teachers—regardless of prior electronics experience—with foundational skills in computer science, computational thinking, and physical computing, while also addressing pedagogy, classroom management, and pacing. Participants may earn three continuing‑education credits from Colorado State University for an additional fee."}
{"id": "171ac97c822d5ce62634e854abb037c179f03d06a498a093dc424be0a67e87bd", "source": "Step 1. Select a Topic\nThink of a subject you are interested in and would like to know more about.\nBased on the requirements for your assignment, think of several ideas or issues within that subject.\nBrowse Library Subject Guides for examples of resources by subject.\nStart by exploring Library databases which offer lists of current topics:\n- Opposing Viewpoints - click on \"Issues\" from the top menu bar\n- CQ Researcher - click on \"Browse by Topic\" from the left-side menu\n- NewsBank - click on \"Hot Topics\" or \"Special Reports\" on the left-side menu\n- Films on Demand - watch videos on a topic that interests you to get background information\n- Intelligence Squared Debates\n- Idea Generator (Old Dominion Univ.)\n- Introduction to Prewriting (OWL Purdue Univ.)", "summary": "The document outlines the first step in a research process: selecting a topic. It advises choosing an area of personal interest, generating several related ideas, and consulting library subject guides for resource examples. It recommends exploring library databases such as Opposing Viewpoints, CQ Researcher, NewsBank, Films on Demand, Intelligence Squared Debates, as well as external tools like the Idea Generator from Old Dominion University and the OWL Purdue prewriting guide to gather background information and generate ideas."}
{"id": "1779b5f9d772224906737d699ec7156dc490292fa344879f054b278902f88e17", "source": "Humans need vitamin C to live, but we, unfortunately, don’t make it in our bodies. But don’t fret; vitamin C is commonly available in food, most often fruits and vegetables. It’s also one of the most common and affordable dietary supplements on the market, meaning that it’s easy to get all of the vitamin C you need.\nIf you want to get your vitamin C direct from the source, look to the fruits and vegetables in your refrigerator, local grocery, or farmer’s market. We’ll list some of the best foods with vitamin C in the list below.\n- Oranges – Everybody loves a delicious glass of orange juice in the morning. Whether you like pulp or smooth, you probably know that it’s a good source of vitamin C. Dieticians of Canada indicate that a single orange has 59-83 milligrams of vitamin C. Adults are supposed to get 65 to 95 milligrams of vitamin C per day, so with a single orange, you’re almost there!\n- Red Pepper – The main reason vegetables are healthy is because they live in the sun. Antioxidants like vitamin C likely form to prevent sun damage in plants, among other things. Humans are fortunate to be able to derive the same benefit from our veggie friends. Bright colors in vegetables are often a good sign that vitamin C and other beneficial chemicals and minerals are available there. The red pepper is one of the brightest veggies around!\n- Kale – Kale has become something of a pop culture icon over the past several years. Before it became popular in smoothies, most of the kale in the world was used as garnishes at Pizza Hut buffets. Today, kale has a reputation for being packed with nutrition, with plenty of vitamin C to boot.\n- Brussels Sprouts – Brussels sprouts don’t tend to be a favorite of children, but some people acquire quite a taste for them with time. Whether you love them or hate them, these cute little brassicas pack a vitamin C punch, along with a bouquet of other nutritional elements.\n- Broccoli – Broccoli is another brassica, closely related to brussels sprouts. Some people like one but not the other – some people like both. Wherever you stand with broccoli, it might be important for you to know that it is an excellent source of vitamin C.\n- Strawberries – Strawberries are one of the most appealing and beautiful foods with vitamin C. Available year round, you’ll always have them for a sweet snack.\n- Grapefruit – This classic breakfast staple is another source of vitamin C. Spoon it, juice it, brulee it – whatever it takes, you can’t go wrong with this healthy citrus.\n- Guava – Guava is probably the most unfamiliar fruit on this list, but it’s increasingly available in today’s grocery stores. Pick one up if you want to enjoy something new, or get a few more if this is already a favorite fruity snack.\n- Kiwi – These fuzzy little citrus nuggets are tasty and available year round.\n- Green Peppers – Green peppers are the same vegetable as red peppers, just at a different stage of ripeness. Their flavor and usefulness differ somewhat, so whichever you prefer, just know they both have strong vitamin C levels. Better yet, eat both.\nThis is by no means the complete list of foods with Vitamin C. Tomatoes, cantaloupe, sweet potatoes, watermelon, zucchini. Anyone with a diet of fruits and veggies should get plenty of natural Vitamin C. Eating many of these foods will also provide other vitamins, minerals, micronutrients, and more!. If you don’t enjoy these foods, a vitamin C supplement may help to fill nutrition gaps in your diet.", "summary": "The text explains that humans require vitamin C, which must be obtained from diet, and lists several fruits and vegetables that are good sources, including oranges (59‑83 mg per fruit), red and green peppers, kale, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, strawberries, grapefruit, guava, and kiwi, noting that a typical adult needs 65‑95 mg daily. It adds that many other produce items such as tomatoes, cantaloupe, sweet potatoes, watermelon, and zucchini also contain vitamin C, and suggests supplements for those who cannot meet their needs through food."}
{"id": "17ebfb76ebc0b7e3afc8b3531e7112adcb6d3f941290ccbd06ab10a445d5c76d", "source": "We have begun to build a glossary of boys' clothing terms. As boys clothes until the 19th century was the sane as\nadult male clothing, we have included many applicable men's clothing terms. We have also included some women's terms as\nyounger boys commonly wore dresses until the 20th century. As HBC is extensively used by non-native English speakers we plan to give considerable attention to this glossary so that words can be looked up. It will also serve as an index as we will provide links to the appropriate pages. We eventually hope to add foreign words, but that will take some time.\nYoke: The yoke in clothing terms is a piece fitted around the neck or shoulders, or less commonly the hips, of a specific garment, and thus varying in shape. The rest of the garment hangs from it. The term is derived from the aparatus fitted around the neck of draft animals to enable them to pull wagons or plows. Smocking and embroidery work is often applied to the yoke of garments like blouses, dresses, and smocks and in France rompers.\nNavigate the Historic Boys' Clothing Web Site:\n[Return to the Main glossary page]\n[Introduction] [Activities] [Bibliographies] [Biographies] [Contributions] [Countries] [FAQs] [Photography] [Style Index]\n[Boys' Clothing Home]\nNavigate the Historic Boys' Clothing Web chronological pages:\n[Return to the Main chronological page]\n[The 1900s] [The 1910s] [The 1920s] [The 1930s] [The 1940s] [The 1950s] [The 1960s] [The 1970s] [The 1980s] [The 1990s] [The 2000s]\nNavigate the Historic Boys' Clothing Web style pages:\n[Blazers] [Jackets] [Long pants suits] [Kilts] [Sailor suits] [Knickers] [Eton suits]\n[Fauntleroy suits] [Hair styles] [Youth groups]", "summary": "The project aims to create a comprehensive glossary of boys' clothing terms, incorporating historical male, female, and adult attire because boys' clothing mirrored adult styles until the 19th century and included dresses for younger boys into the 20th century. It will serve as an index with links to relevant pages, eventually adding foreign terms. An example entry defines a yoke as a garment piece around the neck, shoulders, or hips, named after draft‑animal harnesses, often decorated with smocking or embroidery. The site includes navigation links to glossary sections, chronological periods, and style categories such as blazers, kilts, and Eton suits."}
{"id": "18fba7c1914b70a1715aeda91fba5be502b561d1762002c1efd02007dd145a5d", "source": "Are you searching for fun and unique activities to celebrate the arrival of SPRING with your kids? Below you’ll find some colorful ideas using Wikki Stix, the original wax covered creatables.\nFLOWER BLOSSOM TREES\nThe flower blossom trees make great crafts for Spring or Easter. They are fun to make and help little fingers gain important fine motor skills.\nMaterials needed: Black Wikki Stix, any color of tissue paper, white paper, scissors, a pencil, disposable plates or trays, and liquid glue.\nLet the children use the black Wikki Stix to make any kind of tree/limbs desired on the white paper. Assist very young children in cutting squares from the colored tissue paper. Pour a small amount of liquid glue on a paper plate or tray. Demonstrate for the children how to wrap one square of tissue paper around the eraser end of a pencil. Tell the children to dip the wrapped tissue paper into the liquid glue and then place on the tree. The children can make as many “blossoms” as desired on their trees (see photo above).\nBLUE BIRD TREE CRAFT and “ECHO” SONG\nMaterials needed: Black, yellow, and Blue Wikki Stix, white paper, and scissors.\nHave the children make a tree from the black Wikki Stix on white paper. The blue birds are made with one medium-sized blue circle and one small circle. The children will need to cut the Wikki Stix (they are easily cut with safety scissors, but younger children will need assistance.) The children can make the blue bird’s tail from two small pieces of blue Wikki Stix folded in half to make the “ovals.” Have the children use small pieces of yellow Wikki Stix for the bird’s beak.\nBlue Bird Good Morning “ECHO” Song\nTeaching children to “echo” words in a song requires listening and concentration skills. It is not easy for young children to know when to repeat words; once they understand how “echo” songs work, kids want to sing them over and over!\nLittle Mister Bluebird sat upon a tree one day.\nLittle Mister Bluebird turned his head and sang,\nGOOD MORNING! (point to your child so he knows to repeat (echo) GOOD MORNING!)\nGOOD MORNING! (child repeats)\nGOOD MORNING! (child repeats)\nThen he flew away!!\n~Original Author Unknown\nBUTTON FLOWERS for BASIC COUNTING\nHave the children use the green Wikki Stix to make several stems/leaves for the flowers on a piece of white paper. After the children have made the flower stems, the children can attach a button to the top of the stem (the Wikki Stix will adhere the button so no glue is necessary.)\nLabel the stems of the flowers with any numbers the children are working on. Have the children place the corresponding number of buttons on top of the flowers. In the picture above, we used numbers 1-5. It is a great one-to-one correspondence activity for young learners!\nWikki Stix are wax covered yarn sticks that are wonderful for crafts and hands-on activities for young children! They can be stored indefinitely for use over and over by kids!\nWe hope you enjoy some of the crafts above with your children this SPRING!", "summary": "The document offers spring craft ideas for children using Wikki Stix, wax‑covered yarn sticks, including flower blossom trees that develop fine motor skills, a blue bird tree craft paired with an echo song to teach listening and repetition, and button flowers for basic counting by attaching numbered buttons to green‑stemmed flowers; each activity lists required materials and step‑by‑step instructions, emphasizing reusable supplies and educational benefits."}
{"id": "1ac8678be62b82e1e45b15948ae6191d7489164969debc855f92aafb6eeab2be", "source": "Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary\n- Not occurring at a regular interval; seldom; not often. [from 16th c.]\n- We rarely go to the theatre.\n- Rarely do you ever find an eagle this far up the river.\n- Unusually well; excellently. [from 16th c.]\n- To a rare degree; very. [from 16th c.]\n- others speake very honourably of his life and death, and in all other circumstances declare him to have beene a most excellent and rarely virtuous man.\n- Compare We rarely ever go to the theatre. with We almost never go to the theatre.\nnot occurring at a regular interval\n- rarely in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911\n- rarely in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913", "summary": "The document provides the Wiktionary definition of \"rarely,\" describing it as something not occurring at regular intervals, seldom, or not often, with historical usage dating from the 16th century. It includes example sentences such as \"We rarely go to the theatre\" and \"Rarely do you ever find an eagle this far up the river,\" notes an archaic sense meaning \"unusually well\" or \"to a rare degree,\" and cites similar entries from The Century Dictionary (1911) and Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)."}
{"id": "1aefb9b9f8abd17ca53b763ff3a6085d0e5908efd93da1fa45b0fadb0a097beb", "source": "to Tie a Kelvin Knot\nfor Tying a Kelvin Knot\ninstructions for tying a Kelvin knot are shown below. We assume that\nyou are right-handed in the following instructions. The figures below\nare mirror images. They are what you will see if you stand in front\nof a mirror.\nAt the beginning, the wide end of the tie should be on your right\nside and the other end should be on your left side. Note that the tie\nshould begin inside out.\nCross the narrow end over the other end. Now three regions are formed\n(Left, Right and Center).\nBring the wide end over from the Left region to the Right region.\nBring the wide end under the knot from Right to Left.\nBring the wide end over the knot to Right.\nBring the wide end under the narrow part of the tie from Right to\nBring the wide end down and pass the loop in front. Ensure that the\nknot is tightened.\nUse one hand to pull the narrow end down gently and use the other\nhand to move the knot up until it reaches the center of the collar.\nWhat Do You Want to Do Next?\nWant to Help Us?", "summary": "The guide explains how to tie a Kelvin knot for right‑handed users, starting with the wide end of the tie on the right and the narrow end on the left, with the tie inside out. It describes crossing the narrow end over the wide end to create left, right, and center regions, then moving the wide end through a series of over‑and‑under steps—left to right, under the knot, over to the right, under the narrow part, and down through the loop—while tightening the knot and adjusting it to sit at the collar’s center."}
{"id": "1b73065ceaecb69b4262f6742ce8ecba5680bf9b291e6d5ff2660d7bc836a6de", "source": "In mid-March 2012, middle school students took this picture of our planet from the far side of the Moon. The students accomplished this feat thanks to MoonKAM—Moon Knowledge Acquired by Middle school students—an education and outreach program of NASA's Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission.\nMore than 2,700 schools in 52 countries signed up to participate in the MoonKAM program, and tens of thousands of students submitted requests to the MoonKAM Mission Operations Center. The requests were relayed to cameras on the GRAIL spacecraft, which targeted the areas requested by the students and sent the pictures back to Earth. The first batch of MoonKAM shots, including this one, was acquired March 15–18, 2012.\nWith Earth in the distant background, this image shows the far side of the lunar surface, including the De Forest Crater. Situated near the Moon’s southern pole, De Forest Crater receives sunlight at an oblique angle that leads to deep shadows.\nThe GRAIL mission was launched in 2011 to develop a detailed map of the Moon’s gravity field. Using twin spacecraft flying in formation, GRAIL operates on the same principle as the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) that observes Earth. Small changes in the distance between the spacecraft enable scientists to measure the gravitational field. Researchers hope to improve our understanding of the Moon’s gravity—by 100 times on the near side and 1,000 times on the far side.\nThe MoonKAM Project is led by Sally Ride—America’s first woman in space—in collaboration with undergraduate students at the University of California in San Diego.\n- Grail-MoonKAM. (2012) Accessed March 29, 2012.\n- Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2008) About GRAIL. Accessed March 29, 2012.\n- NASA Photojournal. (2012, March 22) MoonKAM Looks Homeward. Accessed March 29, 2012.", "summary": "In March 2012, middle school students participating in NASA's MoonKAM outreach program captured an image of Earth from the Moon’s far side, showing the De Forest Crater near the southern pole with deep shadows. Over 2,700 schools in 52 countries submitted imaging requests that were relayed to the GRAIL spacecraft, which acquired the photos between March 15‑18, 2012. GRAIL, launched in 2011, maps the Moon’s gravity field using twin spacecraft, aiming to improve gravity resolution by up to 1,000‑fold on the far side. The MoonKAM project is led by Sally Ride with UC San Diego undergraduates."}
{"id": "1c4e91cbec55a816eeda9f94dab3c803e4a8b70c4add1f426037690d8977a273", "source": "Loose Fat not Energy\nIn order to lose weight, your body must burn more calories than it takes in, but keep in mind that your body needs calories for energy and when we exercise; our body needs even more calories. The first thing we must understand is that losing weight and losing fat is not the same thing. Just because we lose weight, does not mean that we lose fat also, and just because we lose fat, does not mean we will lose weight. When we eat, the body uses most of the calories for energy. If we eat more calories than the body consumes, it will get stored as fat. If we do not consume enough calories per day we will lose weight, but along with it we will also lose energy. When we do not consume enough energy (calories) for your body, it will start using up our energy stored to make up for the energy deficiency. Unfortunately, the energy stored is not our stored fat, but instead it’s other nutrients like protein and carbohydrates that supply most of the energy. Our body will take the protein and carbohydrates from our muscle cells; causing our muscle mass to reduce which forces our metabolism to decrease (a low metabolism = slow or no fat burning). When this happens our body requires less energy to maintain its new lower body weight, which is why our body conserves energy by slowing down the metabolism. In other words, the body has adapted to the new lower energy (calorie) intake which means that we will no longer continue to lose weight.\nKeep in mind that the weight we loose in the first place was mostly water weight and will eventually gain back in the form of fat. When carbohydrates and protein that are already in our body are used as the energy source, our body will lose water weight because both carbohydrates and protein hold water in the cells. In essence, we dehyderate ourself to lose weight. And just as we know, exercising while consuming a small calorie intake makes the situation worse. This is because when we exercise, we start burning off more energy and the more we workout, the more energy our body needs. I had already told above where the energy comes from, and if we do not give our body the energy it needs, it will just feed on our muscles even quicker now that we are exercising. So eat more food! In addition to this, when we cut down too much on your calorie intake, our body will start storing calories because it doesn’t know when you will eat again. The calories that are stored will be stored as fat. So in other words, when our body is storing energy, it’s basically storing more fat.\nConclusion : Not eating enough calories results in muscle loss, dehydration, slower fat burning, and your body will always adapt to a lower calorie intake.\nTo lose weight properly we must increase your metabolism and our need for oxygen while eating enough calories each day (nutritious diet) to give you energy and maintain the protein in your muscles because protein helps build muscles, which indirectly burns fat. This brings up another good point: When we build muscle our weight will increase because our muscles are made up of mostly water, but our body fat percentage will decrease because building muscles increase our metabolism. So keep in mind that losing body fat can’t be measured by a scale; use a measuring tape and also look at yourself in the mirror, and then you will see the true results. One of the best ways to know if you are losing more body fat than water is by using a body fat analyzer.\nMake sure that you focus on fat loss not weight loss. Your goal should be to lose weight by burning fat, not losing water from your muscles.", "summary": "The text explains that weight loss and fat loss are different: cutting calories too low forces the body to use protein and carbohydrate stores from muscle, leading to muscle loss, dehydration, and a slower metabolism that hinders further fat burning. It argues that severe calorie restriction can cause the body to conserve energy and store fat, and that exercise on a very low‑calorie diet worsens muscle loss. The author recommends eating enough nutritious calories to support muscle maintenance, increasing metabolism, and focusing on body‑fat reduction rather than scale weight, using measurements like body‑fat analysis or tape."}
{"id": "1c7533e2a535eb774f5dda66938798f018d538b4244caccde62335a0dcadab7e", "source": "The Revolutionary War Trust's (formerly Campaign 1776) map of the Battle of Kings Mountain\nWhile General Charles Lord Cornwallis marched his troops into North Carolina, Major Patrick Ferguson gathered Loyalist militia near Gilbert Town. Encouraged by his growing numbers, Ferguson demanded rebels in vicinity “desist from their opposition to British arms” or suffer Ferguson’s wrath. His edict had the opposite effect. Numerous bands of American partisans emerged from North Carolina, South Carolina, and modern-day Tennessee and rallied under the command of Colonel William Campbell. Ferguson got wind of Campbell’s gathering force and began to move toward Charlotte to rendezvous with Cornwallis.\nFor reasons that are still unclear, Ferguson halted his march on October 6 and camped his forces atop Kings Mountain. On October 8, Campbell’s American Patriots attacked Ferguson’s American Loyalists, fighting from tree to tree. Groups of combatants charged and counter charged up and down the slopes in a short, sharp fight. At the climax of the battle, Ferguson was shot to death while trying to leave a charge. His death marked the end of organized resistance. Ferguson’s command suffered 319 killed and wounded with 700 more taken prisoner. Campbell lost just 90.", "summary": "During the Revolutionary War, Loyalist Major Patrick Ferguson gathered militia near Gilbert Town and demanded local rebels cease opposition, prompting the formation of American partisan forces under Colonel William Campbell from North Carolina, South Carolina, and present‑day Tennessee. Ferguson halted his march on October 6 and camped on Kings Mountain, where on October 8 Campbell’s Patriots attacked. In the brief, intense battle Ferguson was killed while attempting to retreat; his force suffered 319 killed or wounded and 700 captured, while Campbell’s side incurred about 90 casualties."}
{"id": "1ceba2b3b75eb080c18c79cd7fedf80d2a75488aca56c81e83290a77d097fbbf", "source": "Engineers Say Flying Chair Is “The Future of Flight” *VIDEO*\nSo what the hell is a multicopter? Well, according to their website, it’s “an innovative, vertically starting, human carrying transportation device that is uncatagorisable to its current flight counterparts.”\nOr in other words, its a desk chair with a bunch of mini helicopter blades attached to it that can hover about 10 feet in the air.\nTo be more precise, the e-volo multicopter has 16 propellers that allow it to take off and land just like a helicopter. However, unlike the helicopter, which uses super expensive fuel, the multicopter runs solely on batteries. Although they have only flown the multicopter for 1 minutes and 30 seconds so far, in theory the aircraft can run from somewhere between 10 and 30 minutes.\nOther advantages of the e-volo multicopter:\n- up to four propellers can fail and you won’t crash to your death\n- lack of overhead propeller means you can deploy a parachute\n- hell of a lot smaller, quieter, and cheaper than a helicopter\n- very simple mechanical design makes for easy repairs\nObviously, the multicopter isn’t going to be replacing traditional aircraft any time soon. But its inventors do see it being quite useful for certain tasks where a helicopter might be too big and/or expensive. For example: sightseeing, taking aerials photographs, inspecting or repairing large facilities, or in certain situations, even air ambulance transportation.\nPersonally, I think they should figure out how to make a folding multicopter that you can take to work and then put in your briefcase.", "summary": "Engineers at e‑volo describe their multicopter as a battery‑powered, human‑carrying device resembling a chair with 16 small rotors that can hover about ten feet; it can lift off and land like a helicopter but is smaller, quieter, cheaper, and claims redundancy allowing up to four rotor failures without crashing, plus the ability to deploy a parachute. Test flights have lasted 1 minute 30 seconds, with a theoretical endurance of 10–30 minutes, and potential uses include sightseeing, aerial photography, facility inspection, and limited air‑ambulance missions."}
{"id": "1d2cac597b5c28168117272a17256a00bbbf9f5673a14dc874a1d43bc87063b8", "source": "Parachute Descent Rate Calculator\nThis tool will plot the descent rate of two parachutes around the weight you specify. To use the tool:\n- 1) Enter the parachute model you want to plot. The primary parachute goes on the left side. The optional parachute to compare with goes on the right. Leave this blank if you do not want a second parachute plotted. The form fields will auto-populate with the parachute's diameter and Cd (coefficent of drag).\n- 2) You can override the diameter or the Cd to test how a different parachute would perform or how Cd affects performance.\n- 3) Enter the target weight. The default is 11 lbs (5Kg). The plot will then graph the parachute performance based on weight.\n- 4) Hit return to update the plot after you override values, or press \"Update\" after changing any values.\n- 5) Compare our parachutes alongside the products of other manufacturers.\n* IMPORTANT NOTE ABOUT REFERENCE DIAMETER: Reference Diameter is used to calculate the descent velocity drag area. For Fruity Chutes parachutes, this diameter is the same as the opening diameter of the parachute. The drag area of the parachute is calculated as Pi * D / 4, where D is the reference diameter.\nFor flat sheet parachutes such as Top Flight, the reference diameter is the flattened diameter of the parachute - again, the diameter quoted by the manufacturer. For some manufacturers, the parachute's size is measured by the distance (circumference) across the canopy. Alternatively, in some cases, it's just a model number and we are not sure of the exact size. This includes Rocket Man, Spherachute, Sky Angle and Giant Leap TAC chutes. For these, the equivalent reference diameter is calculated based on the geometry of the canopy while in flight. This then becomes the reference diameter used to calculate the descent velocity.\nFor these parachutes, you will notice that the diameter is different from the size of the manufacturer. For example, a Spherachute 120\" parachute has an equivalent diameter of 76.4 inches. However, the Cd of the Spherachute parachute is set to 1.5 so the resulting descent rate matches the manufacturer's data. For these parachutes, the Cd is adjusted so the resulting descent rate matches the manufacturers' published rates for that model. This has occasionally caused some confusion for people using the calculator on other manufacturers' parachutes.", "summary": "The Parachute Descent Rate Calculator plots descent rates for up to two parachutes based on a specified weight, using each parachute's diameter and drag coefficient (Cd). Users can input or override these values, and the tool calculates drag area from a reference diameter—defined as the opening diameter for Fruity Chutes or the flattened canopy diameter for flat‑sheet designs. For some models where size is given as a circumference or model number, an equivalent diameter is derived from flight geometry, and Cd is adjusted to match manufacturers' published rates."}
{"id": "1e648ed133ca73bd4509f385ab1c35cfcbaa0a7a931323b12f527fed447cfecd", "source": "Sep 04 2012\nOld Rauma is the largest Nordic wooden town with over 600 well-preserved wooden architectures from the 18th -19th century, and most of which are privately owned. It is valued for its vernacular architectural heritage, and these houses, workshops and shops are still in use today.\nBack in the old days, almost every household had lace-makers making bobbin lace, a technique believed to have been brought by sailors in the 18th century. Although, lacemaking had once brought wealth into the city of Rauma, it is now a declined industry and a cultural heritage practiced and preserved by local people. When making bobbin lace, lace makers need a lace pillow with pin set and wind threads on wooden bobbins, to determine the lace pattern according to the placement of wooden bobbin and pin.\nThe City Renovation Center exhibits tools and materials used for constructing and preserving Rauma wooden houses, and photos documenting the preservation history of these traditional buildings, are valuable and worth visiting. The center is a place where people can acquire techniques, and obtain knowledge of conserving and renovating the traditional Finnish wooden architecture.", "summary": "Old Rauma, the largest Nordic wooden town, contains over 600 well-preserved 18th‑19th‑century wooden houses, workshops and shops, most of which remain privately owned and in use. Historically, most households employed lace‑makers who produced bobbin lace—a craft introduced by sailors in the 18th century that once brought wealth to the city but now survives as a cultural heritage practiced by locals, using lace pillows, pins and wooden bobbins. The City Renovation Center displays tools, materials and photographs related to the construction, preservation and renovation of these traditional Finnish wooden structures, offering visitors techniques and knowledge for conserving the architectural heritage."}
{"id": "1e8dd82ba05d0dd158afee0b6effae6fbcbde007b9cae4b10786fd11d6b754d6", "source": "Many homeschoolers focus on some level of memorization during the early years, when the brain is most malleable. By capitalizing on young children's incredible capacity to memorize, homeschoolers can establish pegs of knowledge which children can easily recall later in their education, when they are old enough to understand and process the meaning behind those facts.\nFor example, Classical Conversations, a homeschool group based on the classical model of education, focuses strongly on memorization, teaching facts related to History, Science, Math, English, Geography, and even Latin (click here for audio CDs of memory work in these subjects). Many Christian homeschoolers work with children on memorizing verses of scripture, and even homeschoolers from more eclectic approaches utilize memorization for basics like multiplication tables. While memory work is important, it is not generally thought of as fun. And although education does not always have to be about having a good time, being creative with memory work (especially with young children) can go a long way to helping the child be invested in and excited about learning. The following are some ideas to make memory work enjoyable:\nPut it to a song\n- Purchase memory songs CDs, or make up your own songs for memory facts!\n- Click here for Geography songs\n- Click here for Math songs\n- Click here for History songs\n- Click here for Grammar songs\n- Click here for Science songs (and accompanying curriculum)\n- Click here for Spanish songs\n- Click here for Latin songs\n- Click here for Scripture songs\nMake it into a competition\n- See how many addition facts the child can say correctly in 10 seconds, and award a prize, such as an M&M, for each one said.\n- Allow the child to shoot a basket (or soccer goal) for each state he is able to remember. Let him earn an treat for every basket (or goal) he makes\nIncorporate it into a game\n- Use a board game such as Candy Land. Have each colored space relate to a specific subject or area of memory work (green= Math, blue=English, etc.). When the child draws a card for a particular color, he has to correctly say his memory fact from that subject before being able to move to the colored space on the board.\n- Print out cards that have the subject area for memory on them (such as \"Kingdoms of living things\"), and hide these around the house, or outside. Have the child go on a scavenger hunt to find each card, reciting the answers to each card by memory as she finds them.\n- Have the child say the memory fact as quickly as he possibly can, and then as slowly as he possibly can.\n- Play tag. Each time the parent (or a sibling) tags the child, she must freeze. She has to correctly say a fact from memory to be \"unfrozen\".\n- Play tic-tac-toe. One sibling is \"X\", the other \"O\". When each sibling correctly recites a memory fact, he gets to put his letter on the tic-tac-toe board.\nRecite memory facts while being active\n- Have the child give the answers to her multiplication tables as she swings on the swingset.\n- Allow the child to create out of clay whatever fact is being memorized (e.g. the planets in the solar system) as he recites his memory work.\n- Let the child climb a tree, while reciting the parts of the food pyramid as he climbs, starting at the bottom of the tree with a fact from the bottom of the pyramid, and naming each additional block of the pyramid as he takes each step up the tree.\n- Give the child a coloring page related to the memorization (e.g. a coloring page of Joan of Arc for memory work related to the Hundred Years' War) and have the child share his memory facts as he colors the picture.\n- Create hand motions to go along with each fact being memorized, and have the child do the hand motions as he recites.\nLeave a Reply", "summary": "The document discusses how many homeschoolers use memorization in early education to build foundational knowledge, citing examples such as Classical Conversations and Christian families memorizing scripture. It acknowledges that memory work can seem unfun, and offers various strategies to make it enjoyable, including turning facts into songs, competitions, games, and active activities like reciting while swinging or climbing, as well as using hand motions and creative projects."}
{"id": "1efd4c15b0473a6b8283d9465d0beee96203134dcf1fbca614ac50e1cb37d7ef", "source": "Patient safety problems exist throughout the NHS, as in all large complex health care systems in the world. However, it is not staff negligence, but the systems, procedures, environment and constraints faced by health care professionals that lie at the root of most safety problems.\nThrough our Safer Clinical Systems programme, we explored how approaches from other hazardous industries could be used to improve safety in the NHS.\nSafer Clinical Systems shows the following:\n- Many health care systems and processes are unreliable and create the potential for harm to patients.\n- Processes need to be redesigned to help make care safer based on systematic analysis of the hazards along care pathways.\n- Small scale locally led improvement work has an important role to play in improving patient safety. However action also needs to be taken at an organisational and system level, to address problems beyond the control of clinical teams. Without it, there will be a limit to the level of improvement that can be achieved at the frontline.\n- Setting ambitious goals for patient safety without investing in developing systems that are capable of reliably delivering care is like asking drivers to drive vehicles more safely without investing in traffic lights, road signs or well-designed road layouts.\nIn the Health Foundation's summary and analysis of the programme evaluation, we discuss these issues in more detail and suggest some practical recommendations for those leading improvement in safety.\nAbout Safer Clinical Systems\nSafer Clinical Systems is an approach for improving safe and reliable health care. It is based on principles adapted from high-reliability organisations, established risk management techniques from hazardous industries, and quality improvement methods.\nThe approach aims to improve patient safety not by imposing pre-defined solutions on organisations, but by developing their own capacity to detect and assess system-level weaknesses and introduce interventions to address them.\nThe Safer Clinical Systems approach was tested and developed over two phases of the Health Foundation's Safer Clinical Systems improvement programme.\nThe independent evaluation of the programme was carried out by a team from the University of Leicester, University of Birmingham, Imperial College and Johns Hopkins University.\nSupplement: Safety Cases Working Group\nThe Health Foundation's Safety Case Working Group aimed to crystallise an understanding of safety cases – both in terms of how they are applied in other industries and how they might be applied in health care.\nThe group involved a broad range of individuals from health care policy, practice and regulation, together with academics with expertise in safety cases as well as those involved in developing safety cases as part of the Safer Clinical Systems programme.\nThe report, Exploring the potential use of safety cases in health care, summarises the working group’s conclusions, explores possible applications of safety cases in health care and provides recommendations for further work.", "summary": "The Safer Clinical Systems programme examined how safety methods from high‑risk industries can improve NHS patient safety, finding that many healthcare processes are unreliable and that system‑level redesign, not staff negligence, is needed. While local improvements help, organisational actions are essential to overcome constraints beyond frontline control. The programme, evaluated by several universities, recommends building capacity to detect system weaknesses and develop safety cases, offering practical guidance for leaders seeking safer, more reliable care."}
{"id": "1f077b9616c355d6448e3be3ab013375ff0e20349789b17dd7195f98898c552d", "source": "Heel Bursitis is another type of heel pain. The sufferer of this kind of heel pain experiences pain at the back of the heel when the patient moves his joint of the ankle. In the heel bursitis type of heel pain there is swelling on the sides of the Achilles’ tendon. In this condition the sufferer may experience pain in the heel when his feet hit the ground. Heel bruises are also referred as heel bumps they are usually caused by improper shoes. The constant rubbing of the shoes against the heel.\nWhat is bursitis?\nBursitis is the inflammation of a bursa. Normally, the bursa provides a slippery surface that has almost no friction. A problem arises when a bursa becomes inflamed. The bursa loses its gliding capabilities, and becomes more and more irritated when it is moved.\nWhen the condition called bursitis occurs, the normally slippery bursa becomes swollen and inflamed. The added bulk of the swollen bursa causes more friction within an already confined space. Also, the smooth gliding bursa becomes gritty and rough. Movement of an inflamed bursa is painful and irritating.\n“Itis” usually refers to the inflammation of a certain part of the body, therefore Bursitis refers to the constant irritation of the natural cushion that supports the heel of the foot (the bursa). Bursitis is often associated with Plantar Fasciitis, which affects the arch and heel of the foot.\nWhat causes bursitis?\n- Bursitis and Plantar Fasciitis can occur when a person increases their levels of physical activity or when the heel’s fat pad becomes thinner, providing less protection to the foot.\n- Ill fitting shoes.\n- Biomechanical problems (e.g. mal-alignment of the foot, including over-pronation).\n- Rheumatoid arthritis.\nBursitis usually results from a repetitive movement or due to prolonged and excessive pressure. Patients who rest on their elbows for long periods or those who bend their elbows frequently and repetitively (for example, a custodian using a vacuum for hours at a time) can develop elbow bursitis, also called olecranon bursitis. Similarly in other parts of the body, repetitive use or frequent pressure can irritate a bursa and cause inflammation.\nAnother cause of bursitis is a traumatic injury. Following trauma, such as a car accident or fall, a patient may develop bursitis. Usually a contusion causes swelling within the bursa. The bursa, which had functioned normally up until that point, now begins to develop inflammation, and bursitis results. Once the bursa is inflamed, normal movements and activities can become painful.\nSystemic inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, may also lead to bursitis. These types of conditions can make patients susceptible to developing bursitis.\n- Cold presses or ice packs.\n- Anti-inflammatory tablets.\n- Cushioning products.\n- Massaging the foot / muscle stimulation.\n- Stretching exercises.\n- Insoles or orthotics.", "summary": "Heel bursitis is a type of heel pain characterized by swelling and inflammation of the bursa near the Achilles tendon, causing pain when the ankle moves or the foot strikes the ground; it is often linked to improper footwear, increased activity, thin heel fat pads, biomechanical issues such as over‑pronation, or systemic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, and may also result from repetitive pressure or trauma. Symptoms include painful, gritty movement of the bursa, and treatment options mentioned include cold therapy, anti‑inflammatory medication, cushioning, massage, stretching, and orthotic devices."}
{"id": "1f86bed9ecc0ec9aca540c5c1dc3352b5ee94643ab40cd9e7f3229e3b950c7a3", "source": "When photographic images are referred to as “fine art”, it raises questions—perhaps because it gives an impression that fine art images are somehow superior, more artistic, even gallery-worthy. Still, there is a history and an established meaning of “fine art images” in the world of photography.\nAdvocates such as S.D. Jouhar, founder and Chairman of the Photographic Fine Art Association in 1961, strove to establish a new classification of photography created as art, defining “fine art” as “creating images that evoke emotion by a photographic process in which one’s mind and imagination are freely but competently exercised (Jouhar).”\nAlong those lines, fine art photography was distinguished from commercial photography. Jouhar strove to classify photography as an art rather than a craft, one of the prevailing perceptions at the time. The new definition also encompassed the “technical” perspective from which the photograph was created, emphasizing “fine perception” and “technical execution”.\nClearly, characterizing photography as fine art was intended to promote it in a new and positive way that would benefit all photographers. Even so, common misperceptions exist about the use of this term, suggesting it may be a means to elevate a photographer’s status.\nInvestigating present day photographers for the meaning of “fine art photography”, Alain Briton provides a note-worthy analysis of the term in his essay, “Fine Art Photography Top 16” (Briot, 2010), excerpted below:\n- “Become an expert in light\n- Compose your images carefully\n- Study colors and contrast\n- Create images that represent what you felt, not just what you saw\n- Focus on quality not quantity\n- Master both art and technique\n- Master all the aspects of fine art photography (composition, conversion, optimization, printing, curating, and exhibiting)\n- Optimize your photographs using layers in Photoshop\n- Make the final print your goal\n- Mat and present your work in a professional manner\n- Focus your work and effort on projects\n- Share your work with others and build an audience\n- Do not try to recreate the wheel\n- Create a personal style\n- Do not expect success overnight\n- Do not overestimate talent”\nBriot, A. (2010, June 5). Fine Art Photography Top 16. Retrieved February 15, 2013, from Nature Photographers – Online Magazine: www.naturephotographers.net\nJouhar, D. S. (n.d.). Dr. S.D. Jouhar (1901-1963) – A Retrospective. Retrieved February 15, 2013, from www.sdjouhar.com", "summary": "The term “fine art photography” originated with advocates like S.D. Jouhar, who in 1961 defined it as images that evoke emotion through a photographic process that combines imagination with technical skill, distinguishing it from commercial photography and positioning it as an art rather than a craft. Contemporary photographer Alain Briton outlines practical guidelines for fine art photography, emphasizing mastery of light, composition, color, technique, personal style, and professional presentation, while warning against misconceptions that the label merely inflates a photographer’s status."}
{"id": "210d436db83d60922b1a73c077cd59f77f2a53d4f99e053ee92f10e303abfa7c", "source": "The objective of this Gender Identity Controversy blog was to bring awareness to the issues those in the LGBTQ community face. Many people feel uncomfortable discussing these topics because they are likely to lead to public disagreement. It is important to bring attention to this topic so that everyone is informed. We believe that people in the LBGT community should be welcomed in any situation. Transgender people should have the same rights as those who identify with the gender they were assigned at birth. We believe that transgender people deserve equality in schools, the workplace and religion. We also think that the Federal Government should control laws regarding gender identity because then they will be the same everywhere, as opposed to being different based off what state you reside in.\nThroughout our research, we have found some scholars who disagree with our views. These scholars have often held conservative beliefs such as government members of the Republican party and church officials. However, in our evolving society is important that all individuals are given the same rights and freedoms, even if the individual is a part of the LGBT community. No one should be discriminated against based on their gender identity. At the end of the day, people are people. Someone’s gender identity or sexual preference should not influence how they are treated by society.\nWe also interacted with the public regarding gender identity through our Twitter account. We created a handle and followed numerous other accounts that spoke about LGBT rights. Engaging with other users on Twitter helped us to learn what the public opinion was on our issue. It also let us see what people on both sides of the spectrum thought about gender identity.\nWe hope that by reading our blog you were able to learn about gender identity as an issue. If you or anyone you know is questioning their identity or need help coming out to friends and family, direct them here for guidance.", "summary": "The blog aims to raise awareness of challenges faced by LGBTQ individuals, advocating for equal rights for transgender people in schools, workplaces, and religious settings, and calling for federal uniformity in gender‑identity laws. It notes opposition from some conservative scholars, Republican officials, and church leaders, but emphasizes that all people should be free from discrimination based on gender identity. The authors also engaged with public opinion via a Twitter account to gauge perspectives on the issue."}
{"id": "2115627e898d84d49d555968ef62cb5d6c04413b4a9e43e892bb4fbf04e9843d", "source": "It looks like chicken and tastes like chicken, but diners in Israel are tucking into laboratory-grown “meat” that scientists claim is an environmentally friendly way to feed the world’s growing population.\nIn a small restaurant in a nondescript building in a science park in the central Israeli town of Ness Ziona, diners munched burgers and minced meat rice rolls made with “cultured chicken” – meat grown in the adjacent SuperMeat production site.\n“It was delicious, the flavour was great,” said Gilly Kanfi, a self-described “meat eater” from Tel Aviv, who had signed up for the meal months in advance.\n“If I didn’t know, I would have thought it was a regular chicken burger.”\nThe Chicken, as the eatery is called, is a testing ground of sorts for SuperMeat, hosting periodical test meals to generate customer feedback while waiting for regulatory approval.\nThe restaurant’s dark and elegant interior is framed by large windows looking onto a bright-lit laboratory, where technicians monitor large stainless-steel fermentation vats.\n“This is the first time in the world people can actually have a taste of a cultivated meat product while observing the production and the manufacturing process in front of their eyes,” said Ido Savir, SuperMeat’s chief executive.\nHere, at least, the laboratory has made redundant the age-old question of whether the chicken or the egg came first.\nThe process involves cultivating cells taken from a fertilized chicken egg.\nCell cultures are fed a plant-based liquid including proteins, fats, sugars, minerals, and vitamins.\nWith all the feed going directly into production, it grows rapidly, with the mass doubling within a matter of hours, the company says.\nSavir, a vegan with a background in computer science, sees himself as being at the “forefront of a food revolution” trying to help supply food while limiting the impact on the planet.\nDevelopers said they are working to provide more ethical and sustainable ways to create cruelty- and slaughter-free meat, with the product grown without using genetic engineering or antibiotics.\nThe company is currently able to produce “hundreds of kilograms” each week, Savir said.\nBut he hopes to earn regulatory approval from the US Food and Drug Administration, and would then increase production to a “commercial” scale.\n“This way we’ll be able to reduce the amount of land, water use, and so many other resources, and keep the product very healthy and clean,” he said, noting the high prevalence of diseases among chickens produced in factory-style production.\nGlobal meat production is projected to rise 15 percent by 2027, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization.\nSuperMeat is not the first to develop the technology. In December, a Singapore restaurant made history when it became the first to sell lab-grown chicken meat.\nThe Israeli firm has developed a versatile product, blending muscle, fat and connective tissue cells to create different cuts – even including pet food.\nZhuzha, a white bull terrier attending the meal along with its owner, enthusiastically devoured the SuperMeat dog food it was handed.\n“Pets love our meat as well,” Savir said with a smile.\nThe human diners said the product was as good as the real thing.\n“It really surprised me,” said Lisa Silver, a regular meat-eater. “If I can get that in a restaurant, I will go vegan, totally. It’s a game-changer.”\nFor her sister Annabelle, it was the first time in years she had eaten meat.\n“One of the reasons that I became vegetarian originally was because it’s not ethical, it’s not sustainable,” she said.\n“To get meat minus the cruelty is just amazing, it’s perfect, I could eat this every single day.”", "summary": "In Ness Ziona, Israel, diners at a restaurant called The Chicken taste lab‑grown \"cultured chicken\" produced by SuperMeat, a company that cultivates chicken cells from fertilized eggs in plant‑based media without genetic engineering or antibiotics. Patrons report the flavor and texture are indistinguishable from conventional chicken, and the venue serves as a test site while the firm seeks regulatory approval, aiming to scale production to reduce land, water and resource use and to offer cruelty‑free meat for humans and pets."}
{"id": "21457766d56e3bc944a572eaaa2f68679d42ca91f368503ad7905a05b3c887be", "source": "World Book is the leader when it comes to affordable, comprehensive encyclopedias, and is committed to providing timely, thorough and accurate information for its readers. More than a quarter of World Book\nencyclopedia content is updated each year - much more than any other encyclopedia in publication.\nIn all of World Book encyclopedias and publications, a wide variety of visual aids clarifies meaning and reinforces learning. Photographs, drawings, paintings, maps, diagrams, charts, and graphs make information come alive. Not all encyclopedias are the same ~ try World Book encyclopedias\nand experience the difference.\nWorld Book Encyclopedia\nis an outstanding, beautifully illustrated, current general reference source for all age levels. The best encyclopedia is the one that gets used - and World Book has expended much effort studying the habits of readers, school curricula, and patterns of classroom use to ensure that this encyclopedia is one that will indeed be used.\nFor over 80 years, World Book\nhas been committed to publishing encyclopedias and references that meet the highest standards of editorial excellence while keeping pace with the technological developments that define the computer age. Today you can order, or simply peruse, all of the World Book publications online, at the World Book website\nWorld Book's commitment to providing accurate, lively and content-rich articles has culminated in the publication of the number-one selling print encyclopedia in the world, World Book\n, and market leading electronic products such as World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia and World Book Online. Recent World Book publications include World Book Student Discovery Encyclopedia, a new Childcraft-The How and Why Library, and Animals of the World.\nAt World Book website you can discover the whole range of World Book publications, from activity books and CD/DVD products to encyclopedias, general reference books, science books, history reference books, Spanish language encyclopedias and other Spanish language reference books, plus lots more besides. For affordable, quality\nreference books and encyclopedia, World Book website\nis the only stop you'll ever need!", "summary": "World Book positions itself as a leading, affordable encyclopedia publisher, updating over a quarter of its content annually and offering extensive visual aids such as photographs, maps, and charts. It claims to study reader habits and curricula to ensure frequent use, and highlights its 80‑year history of editorial excellence and digital adaptation, including print, multimedia, and online products like the World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia and World Book Online, as well as recent titles such as the Student Discovery Encyclopedia and Animals of the World."}
{"id": "21cf90ee99d8b93b9d5072f354aeceaa2d00b15789e05a808ba25852e1cd57d5", "source": "It can happen to anyone! Identity theft occurs when someone uses another person's personal information to obtain credit cards or loans or gain access to their savings. Below are a few tips on protecting yourself.\n- How does someone steal your identity? It's actually pretty simple. Identity thieves can use anything from your credit card to your SIN number, bank card, bank statement, pre-approved credit card application or health insurance card to access and exploit your personal financial information.\n- How do thieves get their hands on your identity? They could steal your wallet, look through your garbage (a.k.a. dumpster diving), place scanning devices on Automatic Teller Machines, go through your mail, intercept your e-mail or online transactions, or trick you into telling them what they need to know.\n- Protect yourself by keeping your information private. Don't tell anyone or write down your credit card numbers, bank account numbers, or passwords for banking and Internet.\n- You have a legal right to have your personal information protected. Those who require it for commercial transactions have a legal obligation to protect your information from misuse.\n- Before throwing away documents containing your personal information (e.g. credit card receipts, financial statements, old credit cards, tax forms, computer storage devices, etc.), destroy them (cut up, shred, erase).\n- Be aware of the typical scams used to cheat people, and don't reply to e-mails or phone messages that ask you for personal information.\n- Keep your Social Insurance Number to yourself. The only time you should reveal this information is when asked by the government or your employer, or when applying for credit.\n- Before sending your personal information (address, phone number, credit card number) over the Internet, always make sure that the site you're providing information to uses encryption to keep your data secure. There should be a padlock symbol in the bottom right corner of your Web browser.\n- Last, but not least, check your bank and credit card statements regularly. If you notice something unusual, call your financial institution immediately.\nHelpful Web Sites:\n- Public Safety Canada has put together a list of identity theft facts and advice on how to avoid it.\n- Get informed on what to do if you are a victim of identity theft with information from the Consumer Measures Committee.\n- Know your privacy rights by reviewing the Web site of the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada.\n- The Competition Bureau offers information on how to protect yourself against fraud.", "summary": "The document explains that identity theft occurs when someone uses another person's personal information—such as credit cards, SIN numbers, bank details, or health insurance cards—to obtain credit, loans, or access savings, and outlines common methods thieves use, including wallet theft, dumpster diving, ATM skimming, mail interception, email hacking, and social engineering. It offers protective tips: keep personal data private, shred discarded documents, avoid sharing information via email or phone, reveal Social Insurance Numbers only to government, employer, or credit applications, verify website encryption before transmitting data, and regularly monitor financial statements, while noting legal rights to data protection and providing links to Canadian resources for further guidance."}
{"id": "22091c2c1d2d145ac417dfe77647f272cad8bd36381cf5f084ad262d581521da", "source": "Story Kit has been around for quite some time. It was one of the first applications that the teachers of East Noble really jumped on using to have kids create projects with their iOS devices. Now there are so many options for students to produce work and send to their teacher. However, instead of looking for a new tool, Mrs. Carroll of North Side contemplated how the tool could be used. Here she has provided two examples of her Butterfly project. The students recorded the events that occurred with their own butterflies as well as reported about facts and vocabulary that they were learning over the course of the project. Overall, I am very impressed with the quality of work from these second grade students. Story Kit worked well for her students because it allowed them to save their projects on a daily basis, take quick pictures and insert them into the work, and record briefly each day.\nI know what you are thinking. You are thinking that you already know about Story Kit. It is old news. Your kids already use it. Though those things are true, I thought I would throw out how it was used today. This morning I worked with two first grade classrooms. The students had a sheet of paper had several boxes for illustrations and spaces for written text. The students made a how-to draft on this sheet of paper, and used the illustrations for use in StoryKit. Instead of using multiple pieces of paper for publishing, students used Story Kit and took pictures of their illustrations using the iPod touch. Check it out for yourself!\nStory Kit still remains one of my favorite apps to use in the classroom. Yesterday I had the opportunity to introduce it to two first grade classrooms at Avilla Elementary. It took a little time to get things going, but once the students got started, they were quickly able to complete a small e-book with text, pictures, and audio. The project was to create a five senses book. Prior to yesterday, both classes took a walk outside to find things that they can hear, see, touch, and smell. (They had to take a picture of something to taste later so that we could discourage them from tasting objects outside!) Yesterday, they used the pictures saved in their camera roll to make a short book. The results were great, and the best part is that the app no longer continually crashes on the students as they use it.\nHere is an example that I particularly liked. The student didn’t exactly record what was written, but it was too much fun so I couldn’t resist sharing.\nOne of the challenges that Zack and I have faced the last few weeks is finding apps that allow primary students to create on an iPod. Sure, there are a lot of apps out there that help kids practice and develop skills, but most of the production opportunities are with the iPads and are too complex for a kindergartener or a first grader to use. Doodle Buddy has worked well in the past, but teachers obviously need more than one free app that will allow the students to be creative. This week I came across an app called Story Kit. (New to me, not to iPods.) I think this app will really allow young students to show their creative abilities. The kids have the option to take pictures, add text, and record their voice while reading it. I could see this being used in all content areas. It could be to demonstrate a skill, publish a story, publish a how-to book, share an event, etc. Not only that, but it is a pretty simple and straight-forward app. I hope to have the opportunity in the near future to work with some teachers and students on a project using Story Kit.", "summary": "The document describes teachers' ongoing use of the Story Kit app in elementary classrooms, highlighting its suitability for young students to create multimedia projects on iPods. Examples include second‑grade butterfly journals, first‑grade how‑to drafts turned into e‑books, and five‑senses books made after outdoor observations. Teachers note the app’s ability to save work daily, insert photos, add text, and record audio, and report improved stability compared to earlier versions. The author recommends Story Kit for various content areas due to its simplicity and creative flexibility."}
{"id": "2372eb93825ba6d9d1ac7c2bddd3134bc386a3dcc056db9e98ee078c6e09320a", "source": "Seventy-one years ago, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt uttered these oft-quoted words: \"Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 - a date which will live in infamy - the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.\"\nThat, of course, was the date the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, sending the United States into the thick of World War II. Some 2,402 Americans died in the attack and another 1,282 were wounded.\nAs we remember Pearl Harbor today, the 71st anniversary of the surprise attack, we salute the remaining veterans who survived the unprovoked Japanese bombing - their number grows smaller every day - and we remember all of those Pearl Harbor vets who have passed on.\nThe number of WWII veterans in this country is dwindling, so it's crucial the generations that came after remember the bravery of these men and women and the sacrifices those back home made to contribute to the war effort.\nSure, our country may be going through a rough patch now, but compared to what the Second World War era was like, we are indeed fortunate.\nWe are blessed because our predecessors, the Greatest Generation, answered the call when this country - and all it stands for - most needed them.\nAs Roosevelt said in his famous speech, which was made to Congress on Dec. 8, 1941: \"No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us. Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger. With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph - so help us God.\"\nAnd indeed, as a country united, America emerged stronger after World War II.\nThat unity is what today's politicians should aspire to, despite their differences, rather than to tussle and fight over the smallest issues, creating a virtual deadlock in our nation.\nIn remembering the example of the World War II generation, our country's modern-day leaders should come away with a resolve to do that generation of heroes proud by finding ways to resolve the unnecessary in-fighting that could irreparably damage the way of life so many made the ultimate sacrifice to protect.", "summary": "The text commemorates the 71st anniversary of the Pearl Harbor attack, noting that 2,402 Americans were killed and 1,282 wounded, and honors the surviving World War II veterans whose numbers are dwindling. It emphasizes the importance of remembering the bravery and sacrifices of the \"Greatest Generation,\" cites Roosevelt's December 8, 1941 speech, and argues that contemporary political leaders should emulate the unity and resolve of that era to avoid divisive deadlock."}
{"id": "238dc2f6ed8ffc50b289cc76fbc371dc15c911a08684c884071afd4cb078c9f0", "source": "Consider what you have\nRich and well thought out resources make a real difference to the learning opportunities on offer to the children. They enable children to re-enact what they have experienced, to refine their thinking and test ideas they may have. An example of well thought out, imaginary world, may be a farm with animals that are male, female, and includes their offspring in a range of varieties (such as Saddle Back, Oxford Sandy and Black, and Gloucester Old Spot for pigs).\nThe audit will help you to think about your provision in terms of different elements from the Understanding the World strands.\nMaking your own resources\nResources do not need to be complex - and there are many ways you can creatively look to extend children's learning without having to spend excessively. By focusing on their interests, you can often create resources that they will love that are both bespoke and unique, and with which you have countless possibilities. We will continue to add possible examples of how this might be achieved during the course of the project.\nChildren often like identifying certain vehicles, whether by colour, shape, or make, and so car badges offer an interesting extension of this as they too come in all shapes and sizes. We've included photographs of as many as we could find: you could laminate them and make a flip-book to try and find them around your locality, or you could play a matching game with two sets, or lead to a roleplay of selling the pictures or the pretend cars themselves.", "summary": "The document emphasizes that well‑designed resources enhance children's learning by allowing them to reenact experiences, refine thinking, and test ideas, using examples such as a detailed imaginary farm with various animal breeds. It suggests audits to align resources with Understanding the World strands and encourages creating simple, interest‑driven materials—like laminated car badge flip‑books or matching games—to extend learning without high cost."}
{"id": "24ac5f654229a39f574f21b13702b4a7c42001c0a8706538c7dfb92a4bdfcedf", "source": "Refers of the starting location of the logical block (LBA) or sector partition created by the operating system.\nCondition where the start of the logical sector location used by the host file system and/or software application does not match the start location of the physical sector on an Advanced Format HDD. Misalignment may result in a degradation of the performance capabilities of the AF HDD-installed system.\nDisk performance may be slower than expected when you use multiple disks in Microsoft Windows Server 2003, in Microsoft Windows XP, and in Microsoft Windows 2000. For example, performance may slow when you use a hardware-based redundant array of independent disks (RAID) or a software-based RAID.\nThis issue may occur if the starting location of the partition is not aligned with a stripe unit boundary in the disk partition that is created on the RAID.\nWhy realign partition\nA volume cluster may be created over a stripe unit boundary instead of next to the stripe unit boundary. This is because Windows uses a factor of 512 bytes to create volume clusters. This behavior causes a misaligned partition. Two disk groups are accessed when a single volume cluster is updated on a misaligned partition.\nWindows creates partitions that are based on a predefined number of sectors. The starting location for a disk partition in Windows Server 2003 is either the 32nd or the 64th sector, depending on the information that is presented to the operating system by the mass storage controller.\nPartition alignment issue on SSD\nIf you’ve already migrated to an SSD, you might not have realized that you’re sacrificing performance with misaligned partitions. A regular hard drive usually starts its first partition after 63 empty blocks, while SSDs require 64 blocks of data for optimal performance. This means that sometimes, if your SSD was formatted by something other than Windows’ installer, it can be aligned incorrectly and will transfer data much slower than intended. By aligning partition, you can improve the data read and write speed of the disk.\nHow to identify if your partitions are aligned correctly\nTo see if your partitions are aligned correctly, hit the Start menu and enter “Msinfo32” and then go to Components > Storage > Disks. Look for your SSD on the list and find the “Partition Starting Offset” item. If this number is divisible by 4096 (that is, if dividing it by 4096 equals a whole number and not a decimal), your partition is correctly aligned. If not, you need to realign it.\nHow to align partitions?\nLaunch the program, right click the partition you want to align and then select “Advanced” > “Align Partition”.\nIn the pop-up window, you could set the sector of partition to align. We advise SSD users to align partition in 2048 sector. You also can use the default size.\nClick OK and back to main window, press “Apply” button on top left to proceed, done.\n- If the partition is already aligned correctly, when you align partition, you’ll see the message “The current partition has aligned to the selected sector, and it does not need to align it again”.\n- Before you perform partition alignment task, we strongly advise you to check if there is any errors on that partition. Follow these steps to check partition: right click the partition > “Advanced” > “Check Partition”.\n- Aligning partition will readjust the location of the data on that partition. If your partition contains a large amount of data, it will take a long time to complete. You’ll see the estimated time of the operation after clicking “Apply “.\n- You can also align your partition when copying it by ticking the option “Optimize the performance for SSD” if your destination disk is SSD format.\n- How to reallocate free space\n- How to resize partition\n- How to move partition\n- How to merge partition\n- How to split partition\n- How to convert Logical partition to Primary\n- How to convert Primary partition to Logical\n- How to convert between MBR and GPT\n- How to change partition type ID\n- How to change serial number\n- How to rebuild MBR\n- How to align partition", "summary": "The document explains that misaligned disk partitions—where the start of a logical block does not match the physical sector or stripe unit boundary—can degrade performance on Advanced Format HDDs, SSDs, and RAID arrays, especially in Windows Server 2003, XP, and 2000. It describes how Windows typically starts partitions at the 32nd or 64th sector, leading to possible misalignment, and notes that SSDs require 64‑block alignment for optimal speed. It provides a method to check alignment via Msinfo32 (offset divisible by 4096) and outlines steps to realign partitions using a tool, advising error checks and warning of long durations for large data."}
{"id": "25df2da12d673ac8cc75f1a80b69b9bd7c8aa2a4686b1c70be09a646a0594627", "source": "It often seems harmless enough just to sneak a peek at a cell phone while driving. However, laws have been written precisely to deter this kind of behavior, and distracted driving is an issue of increasing importance as more and more people use mobile devices each day.\nThe label “distracted driving” refers to any activities that keep drivers from paying full attention to the operation of the vehicle and the road. Anything that takes a driver’s eyes or mind off of the act of driving counts as a distraction. Today, cell phone use represents the majority of distracted driving violations.\nCell Phones and Driving\nIn some states, technological distractions are covered by general distracted driving laws, while other states have enacted strict laws that forbid the use of a mobile phone without a hands-free device. Some go even further and ban hands-free devices as well, at least for certain classes of drivers. Many states have also banned texting, including web browsing, emailing, and using smart phone apps. In Pennsylvania more than 1,0000 citations were issued since March 8, 2012, when the new texting while driving law went into effect, according to a state police report. During this same time period, PennDOT reported that the number of car accidents increased. Pennsylvania police say the law is very difficult to enforce. One reason for this is that drivers are still permitted to make calls on handheld mobile phones.\nWith the ban on texting in place, Pennsylvania legislature has introduce at least two bills seek which would ban cell phone use. Another proposed law would allow cities the option of making their own cell phone laws.\nEnforcement of these distracted driving laws varies as well. In most states, they’ve designated them as primary enforcement laws, which make it permissible for an officer to pull someone over for the distracted driving alone. Secondary enforcement laws only allow citations for violating the distracted driving law if the driver was first pulled over for another violation.\nWhile drivers can now be ticketed for texting while driving, the consequences can extend to far worse situations. If the driver causes an accident while texting or talking on the phone the charge could be bumped up to negligence or recklessness. Even if the accident was caused by someone else, the driver’s use of the cell phone could represent “contributory” or “comparative” negligence, meaning that the distraction didn’t help avoid the collision. In some cases, that negligent behavior could prevent the accident victim from receiving compensation for his or her injuries.\nProof of negligence is actually much easier now with the accessibility of electronic evidence from cell phone records. Records of cell phone usage are permissible in court as evidence, and they can be matched with the time of an accident, indicating that the driver was on using a cell phone when the accident occurred. If the driver was sending text messages or talking at the time of an accident, he or she inadvertently left a trail of electronic evidence that can be used to prove negligence.", "summary": "Distracted driving, defined as any activity that diverts a driver’s attention from the road, is increasingly linked to cell phone use, which now accounts for most violations. States vary in their laws, with some banning handheld and even hands‑free devices, while others enforce primary or secondary penalties. In Pennsylvania, over 10,000 citations were issued after a 2012 texting ban, yet accidents rose and enforcement remains challenging because calls are still allowed. Proposed legislation aims to further restrict phone use and permit local regulations, and electronic phone records now provide readily admissible evidence of negligence in crash cases."}
{"id": "26860236c0c4a0bf37c1ce3f6cb33766df6d77ff4756a59b92f44e6a0d5a9423", "source": "Imagine that you pour two bottles of the same type of cooking oil into a bowl. As soon as the two oils are in the bowl, it’s impossible to distinguish the two.\nBut now a team of nano researchers from the University of Southern Denmark (SDU) have come up with a method which makes it possible to put a ‘bar code’ on each tiny droplet of oil.\nThis enables the researchers to identify the droplets and determine exactly how each individual droplet should bind to the other droplets in the bowl.\n“We’re using DNA as a kind of bar code that we put on each of the oil droplets. The droplets are too tiny to be detected with the naked eye, but the DNA enables us to control how they assemble when we mix them up,” says Martin Hanczyc, an associate professor at the Institute of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy at SDU.\nHe is one of the scientists behind the new study, which is published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).\nMost people think of DNA as the hereditary material in humans, animals and plants, but among nano scientists, DNA is also known as a useful building material. Just over a week ago, the cover of the popular journal Science was adorned with a picture of tiny nano structures representing objects such as skulls, hearts and spacecraft.\nThese tiny nano structures were composed entirely of DNA, whereas the researchers in the new Danish study have used DNA as a form of glue between their oil droplets.\nAccording to Hanczyc, the oil droplets in his study can be likened to LEGO bricks, just like those on the cover of Science. The DNA functions as the pins on the LEGO bricks which ensure that the bricks assemble in the right way.\n“We can e.g. make a rule stating that the red bricks only connect to the green ones, while the yellow bricks only connect to the blue ones. If we have lots of LEGO bricks in a box, we can close the lid and shake the box. When we then open the lid again, we’ll be saying ‘Wow! The bricks have assembled in the right way – automatically,’” says the researcher.\nIn this same way, the researchers can make the tiny oil droplets assemble according to certain patterns – patterns which are determined by the code in the tiny bit of DNA that has been assigned to each droplet.\nOnce the tiny ‘invisible’ droplets are assembled in the laboratory, the composite drops become big enough to be visible to the naked eye.\n“The great thing is that this whole aggregation process is reversible. If, for example, we change the temperature, we can make all the droplets divide again and then we can recycle both the DNA and the droplets.”\nDNA and oil droplets\nThe new method enables the researchers to control how tiny oil droplets bind to one another.\nDNA is the glue that holds these droplets together.\nThe tiny bits of DNA contain codes, and it is these codes that determine which droplets bind to one another.\nWhen the researchers mix up the DNA-labelled droplets, the droplets assemble automatically according to the patterns that they have been programmed to follow.\nSource: Martin Hanczyc\nAccording to Hanczyc, the new method has a variety of uses for chemists, nanoscientists and medical researchers.\nIn the future it will for instance be possible to use this method to create intelligent drugs that can recognise the body’s disease cells and target these cells directly, bypassing the healthy cells in the body.\n“Much of the medicine we’re using today is not soluble in water, but only in oil. So in a medical context it’s an advantage that we’re now able to control oil,” says Hanczyc.\n“One could for example imagine that the method in our study could be used to create a pill with three different compartments. One compartment could contain the drug, while the second one could contain a system that recognises a certain type of disease cells. The third compartment could contain a system which activate the whole thing, so that the drug is released just at the right time.”", "summary": "Researchers at the University of Southern Denmark have developed a technique that tags individual nanoscopic oil droplets with unique DNA sequences, effectively giving each droplet a “barcode.” The DNA acts as programmable glue, allowing droplets to self‑assemble into predetermined patterns that can be reversed by changing conditions such as temperature. The method, described in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, could enable applications ranging from controlled nanomaterial construction to smart drug delivery systems that target disease cells while sparing healthy tissue."}
{"id": "27a8d83744b52b02c19bea05a9ffa3200630449e820d68157f335f82eaa46295", "source": "Are you eager to know what is all about stock exchange? What does mean by stock exchange and how does it work exactly? What is the story behind its establishment and the phases that carved a significant niche to London Stock Exchange? Have you heard about London Stock Exchange? Yes!!!You are right. It’s one of the world’s oldest stock exchanges having a tremendous history more than 300 years.\nIf we scrutinize the history of the stock exchange to know how it started, then we have to go nearly 500 years back. That time, London and Belgium were two main diamond trading centres in the world where merchants came and used to buy and sell. But after some time, trading of other things was also started like Wheat, beet, sugar and so on.\nLet’s take a quick look of its history. Sir Thomas Gresham established an Exchange at Threadneedle Street in 1556, which became the major point of operating country’s trading. And then, it was named Royal Exchange by Elizabeth in 1571. With the moving of time, it achieved huge success. And the time came when John Castaing decide to establish proper “exchange” in a coffee house which was a distinguished meeting point. By profession, John was a trader and broker. Merchants used to come there to buy and sell taking hot cup of coffee and tasty bites of chocolates.\nBut the story got changed in 1773, when a group of 150 brokers formed a new exchange. And later, it became popular with the name The Stock Exchange. Here, Hand sack means the deal is final.The London Stock Exchange locates in the city of London in UK which was founded in 1801. It grew with in short span of time and emerged as most important financial institutions regulating stock market. It has covered a long and successful journey.\nNow, people keep a close eye over the stock market as it affects business too. In the stock market, the prices of shares are always affected and up-and-down keeps on going due to weather, war as well as the performance of a particular company.", "summary": "The text outlines the origins and evolution of the London Stock Exchange, noting its roots in 16th‑century trade in London and Belgium and the establishment of an exchange by Sir Thomas Gresham in 1556, later named the Royal Exchange in 1571. It describes how trading expanded beyond diamonds to commodities like wheat and sugar, and how John Castaing created a coffee‑house exchange for merchants. In 1773, 150 brokers formed a new exchange that became known as The Stock Exchange, officially founded in 1801, and it has since become a major financial institution influencing share prices through various factors such as weather, war, and company performance."}
{"id": "282a14de1fb7706e0f8e141032ca32fcb4a4dbcdc273dc9b24d18c23d6752385", "source": "What kind of cathedral is the Cathedral of Rouen?\nIt is the see of the Archbishop of Rouen, Primate of Normandy. It is famous for its three towers, each in a different style. The cathedral, built and rebuilt over a period of more than eight hundred years, has features from Early Gothic to late Flamboyant and Renaissance architecture.\nWho is the Archbishop of Rouen in France?\nThe Archbishop of Rouen has its seat in the Rouen Cathedral and is one of the 15 archbishops in France. Legend has it that Nicasius founded the shrine circa 250. This disciple of St. Denis suffered martyrdom in Normandy. As the archbishop also bears the title of Primate, the cathedral is also a primatial church.\nWhich is the tallest church in Rouen France?\nStanding at Place de la Cathédrale, Rouen Cathedral appears in all its glory, with a stunning west front comprising of two mighty towers: Tour de Beurre and Tour Saint Romain. 2.1 When Gothic style was trending! 2.4 Rouen Cathedral nowadays…\nWhy was the Cathedral of Rouen called the Butter Tower?\nThe new tower soon took on the nickname of the Butter Tower, though the money collected paid only a portion of the cost. Rouen and the Cathedral in 1525, from the “Livre des Fontaines” by Jacques Le Lieur. As the new tower was being built, the west front of the Cathedral showed weaknesses and began to tilt.\nWhen did Gautier the Magnificent rebuild Rouen Cathedral?\nIn 1145, he began constructing a tower, now called the Tower Saint-Roman, in the new Gothic style. A complete reconstruction of the cathedral was begun by his successor, Gautier the Magnificent. in 1185 he demolished the Romanesque nave and began building the western end of the sanctuary.\nWho are the Dukes of Normandy buried in Rouen Cathedral?\nThe dukes of Normandy were traditionally crowned here and several are buried in the cathedral, including the heart of Richard the Lion Heart. Joan of Arc was put on trial in the bishops’ palace. The church has some stained-glass windows from the early-13 th century and the oldest recumbent tomb statue in France.", "summary": "The Cathedral of Rouen, the seat of the Archbishop of Rouen and Primate of Normandy, showcases a blend of architectural styles from Early Gothic to late Flamboyant and Renaissance, built over eight centuries. It features three distinct towers, including the Butter Tower, named for its funding method, and the Tour de Beurre and Tour Saint Romain on its west front. The cathedral has been rebuilt multiple times, notably by Gautier the Magnificent from 1185, and houses the burial sites of several Dukes of Normandy, including the heart of Richard the Lion‑Hearted."}
{"id": "295e72ff7952fe037914781d4d209fbc9923a08f22a408764733deae117253df", "source": "Unit 4.- Keeping Healthy\nIf you have a headache, take an aspirin.\nIf you have a broken arm, have an X-ray.\nIf you have a fever, take your temperature.\nIf you have a stomachache, go to the doctor.\nYou should eat a lot of fruit and vegetables.\nYou should eat a lot of food from the cereals group.\nYou shouldn’t eat too many sweet things.\nYou shouldn’t eat too much butter, meat or cheese.\nYou should have a bath or a shower every day.\nYou should brush your teeth after every meal.\nYou should wash your hands before you eat or touch food.\nBeing clean helps to prevent diseases.\nCarbohydrates give us energy.\nProteins help you to grow.\nFats give us energy.\nVitamins help us to be healthy.\nSome healthy habits: Do exercise, drink lots of water, brush your teeth… To keep healthy you should wash, exercise and sleep a lot.\nStudy and remember. Regards, Christopher.", "summary": "The document provides basic health advice, recommending specific actions for common ailments—take aspirin for headaches, get an X‑ray for a broken arm, measure temperature for fever, and see a doctor for stomachaches. It advises a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and cereals while limiting sweets, butter, meat, and cheese, and emphasizes daily hygiene such as bathing, brushing teeth after meals, and washing hands before eating. It notes that carbohydrates and fats supply energy, proteins support growth, and vitamins promote health, and it encourages regular exercise, ample water intake, and sufficient sleep."}
{"id": "29b5c6d125a56e63f57ebc1dc3667a4feecf749db33736141d0fa0e8b7ef4d9f", "source": "BUNDLE AND SAVE WITH ALL OF TOPIC A!\nEureka Math Engage NY Supplemental Material 1st Grade Mod. 1 Topic A (L. 1-3)\nLet this FREEBIE make teaching the first lesson of your new math curriculum fun, exciting, and stress free, for you and the kids!\nThis zipped file includes a .PPT (PowerPoint) file to use in the classroom. The PPT file is completely editable, but also ready for immediate use. This file also includes a .PDF document for the teacher. The PDF includes instructions, a materials list, easy to see SPRINT pages for dot counting, 1-page condensed problem set, 1/4 page condensed exit tickets, and 1/2 page abbreviated homework assignments, as well as a game that fits perfectly with the lesson. This game can be used for fast finishers, additional practice, math centers, or the lesson can be taught without the use of the game at all. It is totally up to you!\nIf you find these materials helpful please leave me a rating with specific feedback! This is a new curriculum for my district and I would love to make the best tools possible to use with my own students and to share with you!\nFont & ClipArt Credit goes to:\nReady to Teach Clips", "summary": "The document advertises a free supplemental bundle for Eureka Math Engage NY 1st Grade Module 1 Topic A, offering a downloadable zip containing an editable PowerPoint, a teacher PDF with instructions, materials list, sprint pages for dot counting, condensed problem sets, exit tickets, homework assignments, and a game for practice or centers, all intended to simplify teaching the first lesson."}
{"id": "2abf13d5596c1149dd4c0ff1e9f2ba60410179fb909b515a6d7adf574655ca6e", "source": "Parents of children who struggle at school often give a big sigh of relief at school holiday time, it’s a break for everyone from the stress of school work, homework and an irritable child who finds it hard to get through the day.\nIn the September / October school holidays, as well as enjoying the break, do something to help the next term of school be a little more pleasant for a struggling child – organise an eye check and sort out any eyesight or vision processing problems.\nYour child may have had an eye exam before\nPerhaps at an optometrist, ophthalmologist or a vision screening before starting preschool. A typical eye exam tends to focus on eyesight – your child will be asked to read letters on a vision chart to determine their ability to see an object clearly from a certain distance.\nBut an assessment with Dr Nicholas Altuneg, Behavioural Optometrist, at Eyes By Design is different because it includes more than just eyesight – it tests vision as a whole. Behavioural Optometry includes how clearly you can see but it also includes visual skills such as eye movements, eye teaming, eye focusing, visual memory, and depth perception.\nThese types of skills are not typically included in a standard eye test – that’s how these problems can be missed in struggling students.\nWhy have an eye test now these holidays?\nWith only 1 term of the school year to go? Because we think it is better for children to finish the year feeling positive and confident, rather than to continue to play catch-up.\nIf a vision problem is detected your child may be prescribed glasses or recommended to start vision training. And by starting now (rather than later) they may be in a better position when they start school in January 2019!\nSo these school holidays have a rest and take some time out but make sure you also book your child an eye test with Dr Nicholas Altuneg, Behavioural Optometrist, at Eyes By Design.", "summary": "The text advises parents of school‑struggling children to use the September/October holidays to arrange a comprehensive eye assessment with Dr. Nicholas Altuneg, a behavioural optometrist at Eyes By Design, because standard eye exams often miss visual skills like eye movements, teaming, focusing, memory, and depth perception that can affect learning. Detecting and treating any vision issues now—through glasses or vision training—can help the child finish the school year more confidently and be better prepared for the next term."}
{"id": "2b7d9feaa172467b3c834286f52d3c44dc3a1f0c76328a3d8f4da6b47abe370c", "source": "Rehnquist, the Clerk\n[ opinion - august 05 ]\nWhen Chief Justice Rehnquist leaves the Court, it will be with a smile that he was not entitled to be there in the first place.\nRehnquist obtained his confirmation as associate justice in 1971, and later as chief justice in 1986, by making false statements before the Senate Judiciary Committee concerning his writing in 1952, when he was clerk to Justice Robert Jackson, of a legal memorandum in support of segregation when Brown v Board of Education was before the court. Jackson had died in 1954.\nIn 1971, when Rehnquist, a Nixon nominee, appeared before the Senate Judiciary Committee, he was confronted with his 1952 memo. He stated that his 1952 memo was written, at Jackson's request, for use at a conference of the justices in Brown as a statement of Jackson's views concerning the constitutionality of segregation. Rehnquist restated his claim before the committee in 1986 when nominated for the chief justiceship. In doing so, he committed the despicable act of putting into the mouth of the dead Jackson a racist position that Jackson would have denounced from his grave, if that had been possible.\nAfter Rehnquist's confirmation as chief justice in 1986, an examination of the papers of Justice Jackson at the Library of Congress disclosed Jackson's draft of his unissued concurrence in Brown, a document unequivocally declaring segregation unconstitutional, and wholly “inconsistent with Rehnquist's assertion that his memo was intended to state Jackson's rather than Rehnquist's view on the constitutionality of segregation.” This the pointed judgment of Bernard Schwartz, one of the greatest scholars of US constitutional law. Schwartz, A History of the Supreme Court, p290 (1993); see Richard Kluger's monumental work, Simple Justice: The History of Brown v. Board of Education and Black America's Struggle for Equality, p609 (1975).\nHad Jackson's draft of his unissued concurrence in Brown been known to the Senate when it voted on Rehnquist's nomination in 1971, it undoubtedly would have deprived Rehnquist of a seat on the Supreme Court, to say nothing of the chief justiceship in 1986. Chief Justice Warren, however, persuaded the court in Brown to speak in one, unanimous opinion. Had Justice Jackson issued his concurring opinion in Brown, Rehnquist would not have been on the Court today.", "summary": "The document alleges that Chief Justice William Rehnquist secured his 1971 associate justice and 1986 chief justice confirmations by falsely claiming a 1952 memorandum he wrote as clerk to Justice Robert Jackson represented Jackson’s support for segregation in Brown v. Board of Education. It asserts that Jackson’s actual draft concurrence, discovered later, declared segregation unconstitutional, contradicting Rehnquist’s statements, and suggests that had this been known, Rehnquist would not have been appointed."}
{"id": "2c2c240b3f33ca9fac8b37b6b9d05dd22c2b3771fa03eb84eb2336e582363796", "source": "Moral language and pedagogical experience\nAs educators are challenged to develop a moral vocabulary of teaching, such a language needs to be sensitive to the way that pedagogical relations are lived and experienced. This exploration into the meanings of care offers a phenomenological puzzle. It concerns the relation between, on the one hand, commonly accepted and professionally received meanings of the ethical concept of care as we find it in the parental, philosophical, and curriculum literature and, on the other hand, the lived experience of caring. The language of care in the field of commerce and in the helping professions tends to pass over these subtle and deeply-felt sensibilities. It seems that for many parents and teachers caring commonly means worrying. Caring is experienced as worrying responsibility. But this worry ('sorgen' in German) is often neglected for happier or more acceptable understandings of care. This should make us wonder about what happens when language turns professional and theoretical, when it becomes charged with meanings that in everyday life are not always recognizable, and when it becomes discharged of meanings that are existentially at its very centre.", "summary": "The text examines how educators' moral language, particularly the concept of care, must reflect the lived experience of pedagogical relationships. It contrasts professional and philosophical definitions of care with everyday experiences, noting that for many parents and teachers care often feels like a worrying responsibility, a nuance frequently overlooked in commercial and professional discourse. The author suggests that when care becomes a theoretical term, it may lose its existential core, prompting reflection on the implications of such linguistic shifts."}
{"id": "2c4bf980d2579328d8f06870f87173b95716bc903fe633aee6bc93e1c57e3dc3", "source": "The Earth is warming so rapidly that unless humans can arrest the trend, we risk becoming ”extinct” as a species, a leading Australian health academic has warned.\nHelen Berry, associate dean in the faculty of health at the University of Canberra, said while the Earth has been warmer and colder at different points in the planet’s history, the rate of change has never been as fast as it is today.\n”What is remarkable, and alarming, is the speed of the change since the 1970s, when we started burning a lot of fossil fuels in a massive way,” she said. ”We can’t possibly evolve to match this rate [of warming] and, unless we get control of it, it will mean our extinction eventually.”\nProfessor Berry is one of three leading academics who have contributed to the health chapter of a Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report due on Monday. She and co-authors Tony McMichael, of the Australian National University, and Colin Butler, of the University of Canberra, have outlined the health risks of rapid global warming in a companion piece for The Conversation, also published on Monday. The three warn that the adverse effects on population health and social stability have been ”missing from the discussion” on climate change.\n”Human-driven climate change poses a great threat, unprecedented in type and scale, to wellbeing, health and perhaps even to human survival,” they write.\nThey predict that the greatest challenges will come from undernutrition and impaired child development from reduced food yields; hospitalisations and deaths due to intense heatwaves, fires and other weather-related disasters; and the spread of infectious diseases.\nThey warn the ”largest impacts” will be on poorer and vulnerable populations, winding back recent hard-won gains of social development programs.\nProjecting to an average global warming of 4 degrees by 2100, they say ”people won’t be able to cope, let alone work productively, in the hottest parts of the year”.\nThey say that action on climate change would produce ”extremely large health benefits”, which would greatly outweigh the costs of curbing emission growth.\nA leaked draft of the IPCC report notes that a warming climate would lead to fewer cold weather-related deaths but the benefits would be ”greatly” outweighed by the impacts of more frequent heat extremes. Under a high emissions scenario, some land regions will experience temperatures four to seven degrees higher than pre-industrial times, the report said.\nWhile some adaptive measures are possible, limits to humans’ ability to regulate heat will affect health and potentially cut global productivity in the warmest months by 40 per cent by 2100.", "summary": "Australian health academic Helen Berry warned that rapid Earth warming since the 1970s could lead to human extinction if unchecked, noting the unprecedented speed of change. Contributing to an IPCC health chapter, Berry, Tony McMichael, and Colin Butler highlighted missing health and social stability impacts, predicting undernutrition, impaired child development, heat‑related hospitalisations, and disease spread, especially affecting vulnerable populations. They project a 4 °C rise by 2100 would make the hottest periods unworkable, while climate action would yield large health benefits outweighing mitigation costs, despite some adaptive limits."}
{"id": "2c6684d9cd970ff3bea8ef44eefe29d60b6b5b55b61f9453cd3d42d77759241d", "source": "With most of the holidays behind us, it is a good time to reflect on friends, family, and more. If you have good friends, most likely your friends have great character. Many people are drawn to those with great character.\nCaillou was a character that was created in 1990 by French author Christine L’Heureux and illustrator Hélène Desputeaux. Christine wanted to encourage children to develop their own unique characteristics while growing in peace with others and the world around them. She also wanted to depart from the normal practice of using animals in children’s books, and instead used a more identifiable component- humans themselves. Her reasoning was that children could better relate to the stories that she was telling with a human, instead of an animal. Was she right? How does your little one relate to Caillou? Feel free to leave your comments below.\nCaillou encourages your children to explore the world around them, to use their imagination, and to have adventures. There’s nothing like using your imagination to solve a problem as opposed to playing hours of shoot ‘em up video games. Which way would you rather have your child spend his or her time? Click here to check out fun games and how to build with Caillou.", "summary": "The passage reflects on the value of good friends and introduces Caillou, a character created in 1990 by French author Christine L’Heureux and illustrator Hélène Desputeaux, who aimed to help children develop unique traits and relate better to human protagonists rather than animal ones. It suggests that Caillou encourages imagination, exploration, and adventure as alternatives to video gaming, and invites readers to comment and check related games."}
{"id": "2d95766b9c47ab973892c962cc2211311b87fca84cc9dc576a714e1d9c1d72c2", "source": "Mitral Valve Chordae Repair\nWatch the Video: Mitral Valve Chordae Repair\nMPG file: 5 minutes, 34 seconds\nThe human heart is basically a pump that receives blood from the body after the oxygen and nutrients have been extracted from the blood by the body's organs. The heart can be thought of as being divided into a right and left side. Both halves of the heart are made up of an atrium that receives the blood and a ventricle that pumps the blood. The right side of the heart receives the blood from the body after it has circulated. The blood is then pumped to the lungs, where the CO2 is removed and Oxygen is added to the blood. The blood leaves the lungs and enters the left side of the heart, which then pumps the newly oxygenated blood back out to the body.\nThere are four valves located in the heart, two on the right and two on the left. All of the valves in the heart are supposed to be one-way valves--that is, they are supposed to allow the flow of blood in only one direction. The Mitral valve is located in the left atrium, which receives the newly oxygenated blood from the lungs. The mitral valve is made up of two leafets, which resemble two halves of a tiny parachute. These leaflets are connected to the inside of the left ventricle by the chordae tendonae, which act as guide wires to the leaflets and help open and close the valve during the normal cardiac cycle.\nThere are numerous conditions that can cause the mitral valve to not act as a one-way valve. When this happens the valve condition is referred to as mitral insufficiency or mitral regurgitation. A small amount of leak (insufficiency or regurgitation) is usually not symptomatic and may be detected with a physical exam. Usually mild insufficiency can be treated with medicines. However, when the valve leakage becomes significant, it can cause shortness of breath, difficult breathing with exercise, or congestive heart failure. If not treated in a timely fashion, this can lead to permanent heart and lung damage.\nOne of the causes of mitral valve insufficiency can be secondary to a stretched or broken chordae tendonae. Again, if you think of the valve leaflets and the chordae acting as a parachute, you can envision what would happen if one of the guide ropes of the parachute broke. When the mitral valve leaks significantly, surgery to repair the valve is indicated. The video shows the surgeon repairing the mitral valve by using a man-made fiber (Goretex) to replace stretched or broken chordae. This operation is being done with robotic assistance, but the valve can be repaired using conventional surgical approaches as well. Your surgeon will advise what surgical approach would be best for your condition.\nBy correcting the chordae, the leaflets of the mitral valve will meet in the correct plane and once again function as a one-way valve. The symptoms caused by the leaking mitral valve will resolve with successful repair unless the condition has been allowed to progress and permanently affect the heart and lung function.", "summary": "The video explains mitral valve chordae repair, describing how the mitral valve in the left atrium uses chordae tendineae to control its leaflets and ensure one-way blood flow. When chordae are stretched or broken, mitral regurgitation can occur, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath and heart failure if severe. Surgical repair—often using a Gore‑Tex fiber to replace damaged chordae—can be performed robotically or via conventional methods, restoring proper leaflet coaptation and valve function, provided irreversible heart or lung damage has not yet occurred."}
{"id": "30b281c37bfa780bf6bef0f083aa36e1fe7c2a9cbd623dfea819aca79f8dd351", "source": "The comet and planet x\nnews aug 17 2011\nThe comet Elenin\nis passing through the inner solar system right now and will make its closest approach to Earth on Oct. 16. The comet has sparked an Internet firestorm among believers who claim its approach is linked to Earth's destruction, a rogue \"planet\" called Nibiru and a NASA conspiracy to cover it all up.\nNow NASA is stressing the simple truth: Comet Elenin is just an icy comet —and a wimpy one at that — which poses no threat to our planet.\nTake, for example, Elenin's \"close\" approach to Earth. That closest point is still out in deep space, a distant 22 million miles (35 million kilometers) from our planet. That's more than 90 times the distance from the Earth to the moon.\nThe speculations by comet Elenin doomsayers claiming that the comet will align with other planets or celestial bodies to wreak havoc on Earth are just not true.\n\"Any approximate alignments of comet Elenin with other celestial bodies are meaningless, and the comet will not encounter any dark bodies that could perturb its orbit, nor will it influence us in any way here on Earth,\" said a scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.\n\"Often, comets are portrayed as harbingers of gloom and doom in movies and on television, but most pose no threat to Earth. Comet Elenin, the latest comet to visit our inner solar system, is no exception.\"\nComet Elenin was discovered on Dec. 10, 2010 by astronomer Leonid Elenin of Russia, who made the find using a remote-controlled observatory based in New Mexico. At the time, the comet was about 401 million miles (647 million km) from Earth. It is fairly faint and not expected to dazzle skywatchers.\nSince then, the comet (officially known as C/2010 X1) has made its way into the inner solar system, giving rise to many rumors — some outlandish — that link comet Elenin to 2012 end-of-the-world theories and other disaster scenarios.\nWill comet Elenin block out the sun, causing three days of darkness? No, the comet won't cross the face of the sun as seen from Earth, and even if it did it's much too small to have an effect.\nWill the comet pass between the Earth and the moon? No, it will be 90 times farther way.\nWill comet Elenin cause shifting tides or earthquakes on Earth? Not at all.\n\"So you've got a modest-sized icy dirtball that is getting no closer than about 22 million miles. It will have an immeasurably miniscule influence on our planet. By comparison, my subcompact automobile exerts a greater influence on the ocean's tides than comet Elenin ever will.\"\nComet Elenin and a hidden object? Another theory rampant on the Internet is that comet Elenin is actually a type of failed star known as a \"brown dwarf,\" or could be affected by another unknown planet or star, such as a rogue object called Nibiru suggested by many believers or brown dwarf star.\nA comet is nothing like a brown dwarf. And comets are far too small to have a measureable gravitational influence on anything.\nWhether the comet will be visible to the unaided eye remains to be seen.\nThis intrepid little traveler will offer astronomers a chance to study a relatively young comet that came here from well beyond our solar system's planetary region. After a short while, it will be headed back out again, and we will not see or hear from Elenin for thousands of years.\nX vs 2012 video:", "summary": "Comet Elenin (C/2010 X1), discovered by Russian astronomer Leonid Elenin in December 2010, will pass within about 22 million miles (35 million km) of Earth on 16 October 2011—over 90 times the Earth‑Moon distance—posing no threat. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory confirms it is a small, icy body with negligible gravitational influence, incapable of blocking the Sun, causing tides, earthquakes, or aligning with other celestial objects to affect Earth. The comet is faint, unlikely to be visible to the naked eye, and will soon exit the inner solar system, returning to deep space for millennia."}
{"id": "30f934bfa3d3d4adfef988c27094a35333ac89dcc85ecd51858163040f68c3c9", "source": "It’s a 3D World\nBy Roman Suski, PDI Engineering Services Director\nThere was a time when all part and mold designs were done with a pencil. The part concept was given to a design engineer, who developed several design proposals from the sketch. Once the final design concept was approved, it was used to draw the mold design. This was a tedious and time consuming process. Every feature of the part had to be manually converted into the steel that would form it. Some of the more complicated designs would take many weeks. Since all dimensions had to be manually converted for the effects of material shrink there was always a potential for errors.\nIn the past years the design process has moved to 3D modeling. This makes it much easier to go from part to mold design and then to manufacturing. The 3D model can be easily converted into a shrink model for the tool build. The converted model is used to create the mold design. The designed mold components can then be imported into a CAM system for machining of the mold. Many of these systems are integrated for easy data transfer.\nYou must make sure that your model is correct because any mistakes may end up in the final part. A 2D part drawing will need to be created for inspection purposes and to list requirements which are not covered by the 3D model. Please make sure to dimension all areas which are important to the function of the part. Include all critical features and areas which mate with other parts. Make sure the part does not have dimensions which are not important to the function of the part. The geometry exists in the 3D model and it is not required to provide these additional dimensions. It only adds cost to the design and inspection process. It also increases the timeline of the project.\nPlease provide a 3D model when you submit an RFQ. This will help to get you a faster and more accurate price for your project.", "summary": "Roman Suski explains that mold and part design has shifted from manual pencil sketches to 3D modeling, which streamlines conversion from part to mold to manufacturing and reduces errors associated with manual shrink calculations. He stresses verifying the 3D model for accuracy, using 2D drawings only for inspection and essential dimensions, and avoiding unnecessary dimensions that increase cost and schedule. Providing a 3D model with an RFQ enables faster, more accurate pricing."}
{"id": "318413dba16a35cc37eb6e58ba3dfba2cdd17b04efe557f2224289214463bff1", "source": "Hyeonseok Lee, an assistant professor in the Department of Photonics at National Sun Yat-sen University, has made a breakthrough in the research of nanostructured photocatalysts. His latest research experiment uses a tin sulfide (SnS)/graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanostructured photocatalyst to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into methane (CH4), which overcomes the limitations of bulk SnS-based photocatalysts. “The current semiconductor industry infrastructure is well compatible with this fabrication technique and could be applied to a large scale,” Hyeonseok Lee mentioned. This research is expected to relieve the pressure of rising fossil fuel prices and slow down global warming. This research was published in one of the top international journals — “Applied Catalysis B: Environmental.”\nProf. Hyeonseok Lee leads the \"Nano Energy and Interface Laboratory\" with his Ph.D. student, Hossam A. E. Omr to study light energy conversion applications, especially photocatalysis systems and nanostructured materials fabrication, in an attempt to develop earth-abundant, non-toxic, and highly efficient light absorbing materials. This research includes the combination of nanostructured materials, fabricating nanostructured SnS/g-C3N4 nanocomposite film by a sculptured thin films (STFs) technique, and a simple dipping method. The SnS/g-C3N4 nanostructured photocatalysts perform an excellent 100% selective methane production rate by the SnS/g-C3N4 photocatalysts with more than 10 hours of stable operation. The highly improved performance is attributed to the synergistic effect caused by the formation of nanostructured SnS/g-C3N4 heterojunction. This device exhibits numerous excellent performances, such as superior light absorption, higher crystallinity, Z-scheme charge transport via C-S bonding, and excellent physiochemical properties of the SnS nanostructure surfaces.\nProf. Lee pointed out that the photocatalytic CO2 conversion technology dates back to 1978. Scientists and engineers paid attention to developing this technology including the design of new materials or/and improving the current materials. Nevertheless, the efficiency and selectivity for the production of desired fuel from CO2 by this technology are still great challenges. This research has combined the conventional photocatalyst named graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with tin (II) sulfide (SnS) to convert CO2 into CH4 with the highest production rate among metal sulfide-based catalysts.\nThis fabricated photocatalyst achieved the greatest production rates with 100% selectivity toward CH4 production from CO2 compared to other reported photocatalysts. This fabricated catalyst overcomes the limitation of the CO2 reduction reaction. The fabrication route of this photocatalyst is easy, safe, and eco-friendly compared to previously reported methods. The fabricated nanostructured photocatalyst converts CO2 into CH4 with high stability and recyclability. With global warming and severe environmental changes context, this work aimed to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere together with providing clean and renewable fuels for daily life. If this practical CO2 conversion technique can be widely used in the industry, this technique will be a realized solution for reducing carbon emissions and fulfilling the SDGs concept of environmental energy, contributing to sustainable development in the future.\nAccording to Prof. Hyeonseok Lee, this research provides a profound understanding of related fields of nanostructured photocatalysts and their systematic reactions for high-efficiency CO2 conversion. This SnS/g-C3N4 nanostructured photocatalyst has the highest production rate among photocatalytic thin films and metal sulfide/g-C3N4 composite-based photocatalysts. This new research can be applied to convert CO2 produced by the industry in the future, which provides an effective solution for environmental problems. The team will also continue to develop related research about sculptured thin film technology to improve the intrinsic properties of the semiconductor named SnO2 and try to increase the best quantum efficiency upon incident solar energy.\n\"Applied Catalysis B: Environmental\" is an international top journal, and its 2021 Journal Impact Factor is 24.319. According to the Journal Impact Factor, its percentile is 99.07 in the category of engineering-environmental, ranking 1st among 54 journals. According to the Journal Citation Indicator, its percentile is 99.30 in the category of engineering-environmental, ranking 1st among 71 journals.\nJournal article online link:", "summary": "Assistant Professor Hyeonseok Lee of National Sun Yat-sen University reported a nanostructured SnS/graphitic carbon nitride (g‑C3N4) photocatalyst that converts CO2 to CH4 with 100% selectivity and stable operation over 10 hours, achieving the highest production rate among metal‑sulfide based catalysts. The catalyst, fabricated via sculptured thin‑film and dipping methods, shows enhanced light absorption, crystallinity, and Z‑scheme charge transport due to a SnS/g‑C3N4 heterojunction. Published in Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, the work suggests scalable, eco‑friendly CO2 reduction for renewable fuel production."}
{"id": "318e45a6ed2885ac4c0777d4081a9e9399efd83a2bf689bdfeb7dc87394a9882", "source": "The A3 format may not be used as often as its little brother the A4 format, but many have to deal daily with the A3 format. In this guide, you experience the A3 in cm, mm and the resolution spans an A3 sheet in pixels to set the correct size in the image or layout programs.\nThe A3 format is also called the semicircle, is many but also from school or studying as &Double sheet; # 8220&# 8221; known. Therefore, the term double sheet stirred as the A3 format is exactly twice as large as a conventional DIN A4 sheet. The A3 format is used primarily for magazines, cards, notes or small billboards and posters. The after DIN (Deutsches Institut for Nstyling aid) standard A-size paper can be used in many countries, but there are also other formats that offer similar dimensions. Especially the tabloid and ledger-size paper is known from the newspaper and magazine sector.\nvideo | Five tips for Word730645Five Tips for Microsoft Word\nOrder 500 sheets of A3 copy paper now at Amazon*Start Photogallery(11 images)At these 10 signs her fake stores recognizes the Internet\nA3 Dimensions &# 8211; So great is the semicircle\nThe A3 format is 297 mm wide and 420 mm high, So 29.7 cm wide and 42.0 cm high. The A3 format is derived from this reference format DIN A0 (841 mm x 1189 mm) from. If you three fold a DIN A0 sheet even in the middle, you get the height and Breitenabmaße from A3.\n|format||size in mm||measures in cm|\n|A3||297 x 420||29.7 x 42.0|\n|DIN A0||841 x 1189||84.1 x 118.9|\n|Tabloid / Ledger (ANSI B)||279 x 432||27.9 x 43.2|\n|Tabloid / Ledger (CAN P3)||280 x 430||28.0 x 43.0|\norder HP Officejet 7510 A3 multifunction printer now at Amazon*\nA3 size in pixels?\nIf you want to create an A3 page containing the image and layout program, you can this of course equal in the correct format to create. However, you can not simply convert centimeters or millimeters in pixels because one pixel is not a fixed size unit. So in order to generate the correct aspect ratio for an A3 page, you need in addition to the number of pixels for height and width also always the point density PPI (Pixels phe Inch).\nIn the following table we have shown the common point densities and how much pixels you need in height and width, to produce an A3 image. It should be noted that the higher the pixel density, the sharper the image. However, should a quality print or a sharp digital picture 300 ppi sufficient completely.\n|pixel density||Resolution in pixels|\n|72 ppi||842 x 1191|\n|150 ppi||1754 x 2480|\n|300 ppi||3508 x 4961|\n|1200 ppi||14031 x 19843|\nPicture sources: Sven, styleuneed.deDid you \"A3 Dimensions: In cm, mm & Pixels - How big is the card & Poster format?\" fallen from Thomas Kolkmann?Write us in the comments or share the article.We look forward to your opinion - and of course you must like us on Facebook,twitter or Google+.", "summary": "The guide explains that A3 paper measures 297 mm × 420 mm (29.7 cm × 42.0 cm), making it exactly twice the size of A4, and is commonly used for magazines, cards, notes, small billboards, and posters. It compares A3 to other formats such as DIN A0, Tabloid/Ledger (ANSI B and CAN P3). Pixel dimensions depend on resolution: at 72 ppi the size is 842 × 1191 px, at 150 ppi 1754 × 2480 px, at 300 ppi 3508 × 4961 px, and at 1200 ppi 14031 × 19843 px, with higher ppi yielding sharper images."}
{"id": "336c48acd4dafad80856e51719767a3c65187f2d018aa95d055b6bcafa9ace47", "source": "King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand, who turned 81 on Dec. 5, broke with tradition by not addressing the nation on his birthday. The official reason was that he had a sore throat that affected his voice. Indeed, his health is a source of concern among the Thai people, few of whom have known any other monarch. But it is also possible that he decided this was not a good time to make a public speech, which could be interpreted as a political signal of his approval or disapproval of the various factions that have disrupted Thai politics in recent months.\nWhy was Bhumibol so cautious about the fragile political situation? Contrary to W. Scott Thompson's comments in his Dec. 10 Times Op-Ed article that Bhumibol has an active role in governing Thailand, the king does not exercise executive authority and does not take sides in Thai politics. Like the queen of England and the emperor of Japan, his authority is symbolic and moral, not political. Even on those occasions when Bhumibol has intervened in a political confrontation, such as the one in 1992, it has been to reduce bloodshed and foster conciliation, not to tell the antagonists what policies to pursue or who should govern.\nBhumibol is the longest-serving monarch in today's world and one of the longest ever, having reigned for more than 62 years. He has earned the admiration and love of his subjects in a way that Western observers find difficult to describe. He plays a unique role in Thai society as the personification of the Thai nation, as the head of state, as a kindly uncle who encourages the people in good times and bad, as a doer of good deeds and as a spiritual leader who performs sacred rituals.\nWhat he does not do is to meddle in Thai politics. His powers under the many constitutions that have been promulgated since the overthrow of the absolute monarchy in 1932 are strictly limited. Every prime minister must formally seek his endorsement. Similarly, legislation must be signed by him before it takes effect. But such acts are politically neutral; he does not decide who should be prime minister or what policies the government should pursue. Does he favor some leaders over others? Probably. Does it make any difference in deciding political roles or policies? Rarely or never.\nBefore 1973, Thailand was ruled by a succession of military strongmen; from 1973 to the present, Thailand has been ruled both by military men and democratically elected leaders. The most powerful of these elected leaders was telecommunications billionaire Thaksin Shinawatra, who came to office in 2001 and was overwhelmingly reelected in 2005. But Thaksin overreached in identifying his business interests with the country's interests, and in early 2006 his family sold its interests in the telecom company for $1.9 billion, virtually tax free, to the Singapore government's sovereign wealth fund. The protests following this transaction undermined Thaksin's ability to govern and led to the September 2006 military coup.\nThis coup was very popular at the time, but it led to a period of weak and indecisive governance, in part because that government lacked an electoral mandate. Subsequent elections brought in remnants of Thaksin's party but also brought social and political differences to the fore. Demonstrators occupied the grounds of the prime minister's offices for three months, forcing the cabinets of the period to hold meetings in other places. The last straw was the shutdown of Bangkok's two main airports for several days, leaving 300,000 travelers stranded and unhappy -- a major blow to the vital tourism sector of the Land of Smiles.\nThe new prime minister, Abhisit Vejjajiva, previously leader of the opposition Democrat Party, received the king's formal blessing and was sworn in last week, leading a weak coalition government. Abhisit represents a generational change in Thai politics, and he will face serious challenges immediately. What he will not face, however, is interference from the king, who will encourage the new team but will allow it to succeed or fail on the basis of its own performance. The king reigns but does not rule.\nDarryl N. Johnson was the U.S. ambassador to Thailand from 2001 to 2004.", "summary": "King Bhumibol Adulyadej, who turned 81 on Dec. 5, skipped his traditional birthday address, officially due to a sore throat, but possibly to avoid political signaling amid Thailand's fragile politics. While revered as a symbolic and moral head of state, he does not exercise executive power or intervene in policy, only granting formal endorsements and signing legislation. The king's role contrasts with Thailand's history of military and elected leaders, including the rise and ouster of Thaksin Shinawatra and the 2006 coup. Newly appointed Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva received the king's formal blessing but is expected to govern without royal interference."}
{"id": "346e6f0a475c6cdd6b0fd4c2a84bf6282401ffb41aba16273fdb1a2176feb284", "source": "Earlier this month, the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) presented a report in which it proposed the creation of a High Definition Space Telescope (HDST) which, according to recent reports, might be able to answer the age-old of question of whether or not we’re alone in the universe.\nStill in its conceptual stages, the telescope would be placed more than 1 million miles from Earth and would be able to determine if Earth-like exoplanets host life, by directly taking high definition images.\n“We have the potential to show that either life is indeed found in other places or that perhaps, life is extraordinarily rare and even more precious than we think it is,” said Mario Livio, astrophysicist with the Space Telescope Science Institute.\nI like to think of finding life elsewhere as greater of a revolution than the Copernican and Darwinian revolutions combined. We have the potential to show that either life is indeed found in other places or that perhaps, life is extraordinarily rare and even more precious than we think it is. Both of these findings have incredible implications.\nIn 2009, NASA’s Kepler space observatory was launched, its mission to discover Earth-like planets in the Milky Way Galaxy. Almost 2,000 exoplanets have been discovered in the Universe since then, “most of which cannot be seen clearly.” The HDST would refine the Keplar’s mission, and give scientists a clearer image of these exoplanets.\nIn an extensive article outlining America’s past achievements in space, The Washington Examiner points out that the Hubble Telescope – which the HDST is meant to replace – played a big part in our understanding of the cosmos and universe. Just like the Hubble, the HDST will have many missions. The hope is that the new telescope will survey up to 50 worlds in its search to discover signs of life.\n“The HDST will be more than a hundred times more sensitive than the Hubble in terms of seeing faint things,” said Marc Postman, astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute and co-author of the HDST report.\nThe HDST will be more than a hundred times more sensitive than the Hubble in terms of seeing faint things. It will have the best image quality of any spacecraft ever flown, so it will produce remarkable images of not just exoplanets but also of planets in our own solar system or very distant components of faraway galaxies.\nIn other news, NASA claims we’ll find aliens within the next couple of decades and the findings of an unrelated study suggests aliens might actually exist on Saturn’s moon, Enceladus.", "summary": "The Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) has proposed a conceptual High Definition Space Telescope (HDST) to be placed over a million miles from Earth, aiming to directly image Earth‑like exoplanets and assess their habitability. Scientists such as Mario Livio and Marc Postman note the HDST would be over a hundred times more sensitive than Hubble, potentially surveying up to 50 worlds for biosignatures, and improving on Kepler’s discoveries of nearly 2,000 exoplanets. The project is presented as a possible breakthrough in detecting extraterrestrial life."}
{"id": "34b5f5615535f84783a94cc924bbb180dea206c2eb8757269fd82b712446403c", "source": "The young people mobilized by Obama's campaign were politicized in a strongly personal way long before the election contest even began. Their politicization grew from the cost of their own and their friends' involvement in the seemingly endless Iraq War. It grew from their\nincreased college and credit-card debt. It grew with the realization that the air they breathe gets dirtier every day. It came from a very simple but meaningful desire to make their lives better. What the campaign did, along with the longstanding work of many progressive youth organizations, was channel that energy and passion into the electoral process.For full article featuring Mattie Weiss, Ivan Firshburg, Sally Kohn, and others click here\nIt is now the responsibility of those same organizers to show youth the next step in that process. Civic education -- educating these new voters on the policy-making process and how their voice, art, technology, and activism can influence it -- is the way to transform into tangible results the decidedly progressive principles and values for which they voted.\nAt Campus Progress, we have spent the last four years working with youth to spread the word about what it means to be a progressive and how values like equality and justice can be affected through the political process. As representatives of the most diverse generation that our nation has ever seen, we are prepared to arm youth with the information and tools they need to move beyond engagement and onto results -- making our nation's laws and policies reflect the ideals that define our movement.\n--Erica L. Williams, director of policy and advocacy for Campus Progress at the Center for American Progress.", "summary": "The text argues that young people were personally politicized before the Obama election by factors such as the Iraq War, student and credit‑card debt, and environmental concerns, leading them to seek better lives. It claims the Obama campaign and progressive youth groups channeled this energy into voting, and now organizers must provide civic education to teach how policy‑making, art, technology, and activism can translate progressive values like equality and justice into concrete laws and policies. Erica L. Williams of Campus Progress emphasizes their role in equipping this diverse generation with the needed information and tools."}
{"id": "3627c943f9da3d3850fb543cd51f0057334049825b6f7ff489ed002b78bca593", "source": "A viral outbreak is killing amphibians, including frogs, toads and salamanders, in the Picos de Europa National Park in Spain. As if the imminent local extinction of amphibians wasn’t grim enough in itself, their disappearance, scientists fear, could also tip the ecological balance in favour of species amphibians feed on.\nA team of researchers from Spain and the United Kingdom started monitoring amphibians in the national park in 2005 when they first noticed a die-off from viral infection. The team is now the first to report two related, highly infectious viruses – the ranaviruses – simultaneously infecting multiple amphibian species at several locations in Spain.\n“Ranavirus infection is often associated with severe disease and mass deaths of amphibians but previously decline of only one amphibian species had been [quantified]. Here, we show three amphibian species showing simultaneous population collapses in the Picos National Park,” says Stephen J. Price, researcher at University College London and an author of the study published today in the journal Current Biology.", "summary": "Researchers monitoring amphibians in Spain's Picos de Europa National Park since 2005 have documented a severe viral outbreak caused by two related ranaviruses, leading to simultaneous population collapses of frogs, toads, and salamanders across multiple sites. The study, published in Current Biology, highlights that this multi‑species die‑off could disrupt ecological balance by affecting species that amphibians prey on."}
{"id": "362e588517fbf912e104b53673fe8e18bb2c237fdf3fce04df7e104666f039cb", "source": "\"There are three types of people in the world:\nthose who can count, and those who can't.\"\nThe comedy line above says a lot about most of today's social and economic questions. Almost all experts interested in the human condition talk about the economy in two terms, Labor and Capital.\nRegrettably, they neglect or forget about a third aspect of the economy: The Commons.\nThe Commons is the key to alleviating poverty, purging corporations of their undue power, nourishing democratic values and institutions, and vaulting environmental protection into the people's purview.\nNext Event: Dance/performance audition\nWe lead four-session seminars in The Principles of Economics. In eight hours of class time, participants get an overview of how the economy works. They understand why the economy's topsy-turvy when it is, and why there's so much acrimony and confusion regarding taxes.\nIn other words, participants are equipped to powerfully interpret social and environmental questions of the day. What's more, they perceive systemic solutions to environmental and social challenges.\nWe are commited to ending involuntary poverty, worldwide. Public policy featuring the commons can achieve that goal.\nApril 4, 7-9 pm in Bernal Heights.\nClick on \"The Seminars\" page for more details.\nWhat is The Commons?\nThe Commons includes everything not made by human beings, as well as the cultural infrastructure created by the public. That means not only land and water and other natural resources, but includes such things as the broadcast spectrum, taxi licenses, cap and trade quotas, and patents.\nAn understanding of the commons resolves most property rights matters, indicates what elements of the economy are best subject to taxation, and alleviates the worst of partisan politics.", "summary": "The text argues that economic analysis should include a third component—the Commons—alongside labor and capital, defining the Commons as natural resources and public cultural infrastructure such as spectrum and patents. It claims that recognizing the Commons can reduce poverty, limit corporate power, strengthen democracy, and improve environmental protection. The author promotes four‑session, eight‑hour seminars on economic principles, scheduled for April 4 in Bernal Heights, intended to equip participants to interpret social and environmental issues and support policies that leverage the Commons."}
{"id": "372df8a30187745d505dec8294a29e300a2f2b150d1e1ba07479c772201ca05a", "source": "Pediocactus bradyi subsp. winklerae ('winkleri') (K.D.Heil) Hochstätter ex D.R.Hunt (2005)\n|🌵 Author(s)||David Hunt|\n|🌵 Basionym||Pediocactus winkleri (1979)|\nThe taxon was first documented in the early 1960s by Agnes Winkler, who was traveling together with her son Jim Winkler. Heil described it under the name Pediocactus winkleri, using the masculine form of the epithet, but without explicitly stating to whom it referred. In 2012 he stated in a phone call with an editor of the Utah Rare Plant Guide (Utah Native Plant Society, Utah Rare Plant Guide What’s New, accessed October 1, 2021) that his intention was to honor Mrs. Winkler rather than her son.\nvan der Meer, Maarten H.J. (2022, February 2). Pediocactus bradyi subsp. winklerae (‘winkleri’). Dictionary of Cactus Names. Retrieved from https://www.cactusnames.org/pediocactus-bradyi-subsp-winklerae", "summary": "Pediocactus bradyi subsp. winklerae, originally described as Pediocactus winkleri by K.D. Heil in 1979, was first documented in the early 1960s by Agnes Winkler and her son Jim Winkler. Although Heil used the masculine epithet, he later clarified in a 2012 phone call that the name was intended to honor Mrs. Winkler. The taxon is listed in the Dictionary of Cactus Names (2022) and attributed to David Hunt as author of the current name."}
{"id": "3773762bc67b9c783e2126dafc25318e93d00e41223794cda345b722c3b2a9cb", "source": "The Eucharistic vestments\nOrigins in the Roman Empire\nThe wearing of the Eucharistic vestments is the only everyday custom which has come down to us from the old civilisation of the Roman Empire before the barbarian hordes from Russia and China swept across Europe at the beginning of the fifth century. The break-up of the Empire began in the year 410 AD when Alaric, the barbarian chief, captured and looted Rome, the city which for 800 years had been unconquered.\nAnd so the face of Europe was changed. Thus, until then, the ordinary dress which people wore at home and in the streets, was of the gown type, long and graceful; quite different from that of the barbarians who dressed like the Viking warriors we see in pictures, with skins wound round their legs and kept in place with criss-crossed leather thongs. It is from this barbarian dress that we get the modern trousers. Gradually the dress of the old civilisation disappeared from ordinary daily life, and people began to wear the same kind of clothes as the barbarians. But there was one exception: the clergy, when celebrating the Eucharist, still wore the dress that they had always worn. In their minds the dress of the barbarians was connected with the savage, barbarian invasions, with the burning of churches and the butchering of Christians. So the clergy continued to celebrate the Eucharist in the everyday dress of the old Roman Empire and do so still to this day.\nOrdinary dress of the Romans\nDuring the 300 years before the sack of Rome, the ordinary dress which people wore consisted of a long undergarment of white linen (the alb); a knee-length tunic with short sleeves; and on top a circular cloak with a hole in the middle for one to put one’s head through (the chasuble).\nSo the record of the martyrdom of St Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, in the year 258 AD describes his death: he took off his red cloak, folded it, knelt down on it and prayed to the Lord. Then he took off his tunic, handed it to the deacons and stood up in his alb, awaiting the executioners. (1) Some years later a girdle was also worn by certain government officials. A scarf also came into use as a sign of some particular office or rank. Some believe this is the origin of the stole. Others believe that the stole originated from a napkin or towel and is linked with Jesus’ washing and drying of his disciples’ feet on Maundy Thursday. According to this, the stole shows that its wearer, like Jesus, is one who serves. Lastly a large handkerchief (the maniple) was carried over the left arm.", "summary": "The text explains that Eucharistic vestments trace back to everyday Roman dress before the 5th‑century barbarian invasions, which altered European clothing. Roman attire included a white linen alb, a knee‑length tunic, and a circular chasuble, with later additions such as a girdle, scarf (possible origin of the stole), and a handkerkle called the maniple. While ordinary Roman dress disappeared after the sack of Rome in 410 AD, clergy retained these garments for the Eucharist, a practice that continues today."}
{"id": "380f71d3e4973de84ee2929a4b98ff8d524e474d01f2ca6b318a02535525c24e", "source": "Using nutrition food labels to eat smart\nUnderstanding food labels\nNutrition fact labels are regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. People look at food labels for different reasons. For whatever reason, many consumers would like to know how to use this information more effectively and easily.\nYou will find the serving sizes and number of servings the package contains at the top of the nutrition facts. The size of the serving on the food package influences the number of calories and all the nutrient amounts listed. Ask yourself how many servings there are in the food package. Then, how many servings are you eating?\nCalories and calories from fat are listed next on the label. Calories provide a measure of how much energy you get from a serving of this food. The calorie section of the label can help you manage your weight (for example, if you are trying to gain, lose or maintain). The number of servings you consume determines the number of calories you actually eat. Eating too many calories per day is linked to overweight and obesity.\nThe top of the nutrient section shows some key nutrients that impact your health. Eating too much fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol or sodium may increase your risk of certain chronic diseases, like heart disease, some cancers or high blood pressure.\nMost Americans do not get enough dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium or iron in their diets. These nutrients can improve your health and help reduce the risk of some diseases and conditions.\nThe percent of daily value shows how food fits into a 2,000 calorie diet. Higher percentages mean greater amounts of nutrients. Use the percent daily value to easily and quickly tell if a serving of a food is high or low in nutrients. The percent of daily value makes it easy to compare products. Make sure the serving sizes are the same, especially the weight of each product. You can use the daily value of foods to make trade-offs with other foods. If you like a food high in fat, balance it with foods that are low-fat at other times of the day.\nNutrition Fact labels are a great tool in helping to choose healthy, calorie dense foods for you and your family.\nFor more information read the FDA’s How to Understand and Use the Nutrition Facts Label webpage. Michigan State University Extension also offers nutrition courses that help people understand what a nutrition label means and how to consider it in their diet.", "summary": "Nutrition fact labels, regulated by the FDA and USDA, provide serving sizes, calories, and nutrient amounts to help consumers manage weight and health; the label’s percent daily values indicate how a serving fits into a 2,000‑calorie diet, allowing comparison and trade‑offs between high‑fat and low‑fat foods, while highlighting common deficiencies in fiber, vitamins A and C, calcium, and iron, and directing readers to FDA resources and Michigan State Extension courses for further guidance."}
{"id": "382d3138a9b18229901f5e7786cd54c705fa4405c579d73553dd006b0d3d22f0", "source": "Student life is notoriously chaotic. Trying to juggle the various responsibilities of studying, thinking about your future, staying healthy, keeping in touch with loved ones, and having a social life can make it all seem too overwhelming. If you are currently a student and are struggling with the hectic nature of the lifestyle, you aren’t alone. Here you will find some tips on how to organize your studies and set yourself up for a bright future.\nLearn Valuable Study Techniques\nIf you can adopt a few effective study techniques as early as possible, you will find college much simpler and easier to organize. Figure out how your mind works and which techniques match your learning style the best. For example, flashcards might work for your classmates but not for you, so you could try retrieval practice or trying to teach a friend your topic to solidify the information in your own mind. Being able to organize your studies like this will help to alleviate some of the stress of college.\nFind the Right College\nIt’s difficult to be organized about studying if you haven’t started off on the right foot. The pressure to choose a college and a subject straight after high school can cause some students to make decisions they later regret, such as pursuing a path they don’t enjoy. If you think you might have chosen a college that doesn’t suit you, campusreel.org can help you look for somewhere else.\nUnderstand What is Expected of You\nWhen you know what your professors expect from you from the very beginning, it is much easier to plan your studies and stay organized. Write down your professors’ contact details and keep a note of every deadline and assignment due date. If you are ever unsure about something, do your best to contact your professor as soon as you can.\nPlan Your Work Ahead and Set Your Own Deadlines\nAlthough colleges will give you work deadlines, it can be useful to add your own along the way. For example, if your assignment is due in one month, break down the tasks you need to complete into week and day timeframes.\nFigure Out Your Priorities\nOne of the most efficient ways of being more organized is to have a clear idea of what your priorities are and evaluate them regularly. This means creating a list of your responsibilities and the goals they are tied to, such as maintaining strong family connections, meeting college deadlines, or looking for career prospects. Arrange your priorities in order of importance and urgency. Not only will this help you to see what you should concentrate on the most, but it will also show you what you perhaps don’t need to worry about as much. For example, if you were stressed about planning an internship opportunity at a school but have now chosen a career path where this wouldn’t be relevant, don’t feel guilty about reprioritizing to suit your true goals. When you are organized about the most important things in your life, everything else falls into place.", "summary": "The document offers advice for students overwhelmed by academic and personal responsibilities, suggesting they adopt study techniques suited to their learning style, such as retrieval practice or teaching peers, and organize tasks by setting personal deadlines and prioritizing goals. It recommends ensuring the chosen college fits the student's interests, using resources like campusreel.org, and understanding professors' expectations by tracking contact details and assignment dates. Regularly evaluating priorities—like family, coursework, and career planning—helps maintain focus and reduce stress."}
{"id": "391c975afe665efb6d74820fb0feb3cb95a35058a83ec5198a1ab404aac6a30d", "source": "by Emily Park\nSeptember 13, 2019\nOn Thursday, September 12, 2019, the Trump administration continued its series of environmental regulatory rollbacks with the repeal of the Obama-era Clean Water Rule (also known as the Waters of the United States rule, or WOTUS). Not to be confused with the Clean Water Act (a federal law passed in 1972 and amended in 1977 and 1987), WOTUS was a regulation meant to clarify which water resources are protected under the Clean Water Act. WOTUS included traditional bodies of water such as navigable waters, interstate waters, and territorial seas, and also brought small streams, groundwater, ephemeral water features, and more wetlands under federal protection.\nWith the repeal of WOTUS, the scope of federally protected waters will include only the traditional bodies of water listed above. Farms, industrial facilities, and other sources of possible pollutants will no longer require a permit to discharge possibly-contaminated water into smaller streams, certain wetlands, and other bodies of water that are not connected on the surface to navigable waters year-round.\nFor the water treatment industry, this may result in a small – but noticeable – impact on sales of wastewater treatment products. The treatment of agricultural runoff that includes pesticides, fertilizers, animal waste, and other pollutants will likely decrease, and the management of wastewater in facilities that discharge to unprotected waters will probably become more lax.\nHowever, as critics of the WOTUS repeal have pointed out, the waters that have lost federal protection still have a major impact on a region’s overall water quality, even if they aren’t connected via surface waters. Wetlands function as natural water treatment plants by allowing particulate matter to settle and by gradually removing many types of chemical pollutants. Ephemeral streams often connect to headwaters of major river systems, and all of the unprotected waters are connected to a region’s water system via the groundwater.\nIf the repeal of WOTUS results in an overall decline in the quality of water sources, including surface water and groundwater, water treatment practices at municipal facilities and by any users of self-supplied water will have to become more aggressive.\nThe most immediately obvious beneficiaries of the WOTUS repeal are farmers and the meat industries, many of whom had to invest additional money into water treatment and who had to alter their use of certain pesticides, fertilizers, and other agricultural chemicals. With the WOTUS rollback, pesticide and fertilizer use may increase. The repeal has been applauded by industry groups such as the National Pork Producers Council and the National Cattleman’s Beef Association, both of whom stated that WOTUS impacted their ability to produce meat.\nContinuing its stance on reducing regulatory burdens on private landowners and businesses, the Trump administration has indicated that it is likely to pursue rollbacks on dozens of other environmental regulations, including those impacting:\nThese possible rollbacks of existing environmental regulations are in addition to an even lengthier list of regulations already repealed or modified by the Trump administration.\nTo learn more about regulations and trends impacting the US and global water treatment industry, check out The Freedonia Group's extensive catalog of water treatment research, which covers filtration and equipment, treatment chemicals, and more, including such titles as:\nEmily Park is an industry analyst with The Freedonia Group, and focuses on water treatment, filtration, and agricultural chemical topics. She is based in Madison, Wisconsin.\nProvide the following details to subscribe.", "summary": "Emily Park reports that on September 12, 2019 the Trump administration repealed the Obama-era Clean Water Rule (WOTUS), limiting federal water protections to traditional navigable waters and removing them from many small streams, wetlands, and groundwater. This change could reduce demand for wastewater treatment products, especially for agricultural runoff, while likely increasing pesticide and fertilizer use and benefiting farmers and meat producers. Critics warn that loss of protection may degrade overall water quality, potentially requiring more aggressive municipal water treatment. The article notes the administration’s broader intent to roll back additional environmental regulations."}
{"id": "3d4745a6aec3e1ab876e67ab36ec8b31631341fa24c40662483a0f1848da3303", "source": "From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia\nSnow White (in German Schneewittchen) is a fairy tale known from many countries in Europe, the best known version being the German one collected by the Brothers Grimm. The German version features elements such as the magic mirror and the seven dwarfs, who were first given individual names in Disney's 1937 film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. The story of Snow White and the dwarfs should not be confused with the story of Snow White and Rose Red (in German Schneeweißchen und Rosenrot), another fairy tale that was also collected by the Brothers Grimm.\nIn the Aarne-Thompson folklore classification, tales of this kind are grouped together as type 709, Snow White. Others of this kind include Bella Venezia, Myrsina, Nourie Hadig, The Young Slave and Gold-Tree and Silver-Tree. \"The Jealous Sisters\" is another Albanian fairy tale. In both fairy tales the death is caused by a ring.\nIn the many non-German versions, the dwarfs are generally robbers, while the magic mirror is a dialog with the sun or moon.Template:Fact In a version from Albania, collected by Johann George von Hahn and published in Griechische und albanesische Märchen. Gesammelt, übersetzt and erläutert (1864), the main character lives with 40 dragons. Her sleep is caused by a ring. The beginning of the story has a twist, in that a teacher urges the heroine to kill her evil stepmother so that she would take her place. The origin of this tale is debated; it is likely no older than the Middle Ages. In fact there are possibly two Albanian versions of Snow White: one where her stepmother tries to kill her, and another where her two jealous sisters try to kill her.", "summary": "The article explains that Snow White, known in German as Schneewittchen, is a European fairy tale most famously recorded by the Brothers Grimm, featuring a magic mirror and seven dwarfs later named in Disney's 1937 film. Classified as Aarne-Thompson type 709, it has many variants, including Albanian versions where the heroine lives with dragons and is put to sleep by a ring, and where the antagonist may be a stepmother or jealous sisters; other non‑German versions portray dwarfs as robbers and the mirror as a dialogue with celestial bodies."}
{"id": "3d7ad4a8876555e073af641de81ca6cb6d59be3db66cf21f5dda50e25c94e547", "source": "Imagine testing for cancers, hepatitis and tuberculosis as quickly, easily and inexpensively as today’s home pregnancy tests and blood glucose monitoring strips. Cyclone engineer Meng Lu is using the power of microfabrication to create state-of-the-art, on-demand diagnostic technology.\nLu, an assistant professor in both electrical and computer engineering and mechanical engineering, says the key to creating an at-home disease sensor is altering a common at-home material: paper. In a project supported by a National Science Foundation CAREER Award, he is developing the first sensor that uses engineered paper to combine the two parts of biomarker detection – sample preparation and detection – into one small sensor.\n“Normal paper is made up of a random arrangement of cellulose fibers. By microfabricating the cellulose nanofibers into controlled structures, we can use paper’s natural ability to move and filter liquids to separate out just the biomarker molecules we are interested in testing. Microfabricating atoms also allows us to create unusual optical responses not found in everyday paper.”\nThe technique, called optofluidic paper, offers significant advantages over traditional diagnostic tests. Lu’s sensor will be able to test for multiple biomarkers at the same time, just by building several different types of nanostructures of atoms into one paper test strip. And optofluidic sensors detect biomarkers at very low concentrations, enabling earlier disease detection – and perhaps allowing patients to avoid more invasive tests.\nLu will pair the sensor with a small, portable, inexpensive device that quickly measures optical feedback from the engineered paper and turns it into easy-to-read results. “We will engineer the paper to adhere to biomarker molecules, so the texture of the paper will change when it comes in contact with even very small quantities of the biomarker,” says Lu. “We can then measure changes in how the light interacts with the paper to see if the biomarker is present.”\nWhat’s more, since Lu’s sensors are paper- based, they will be low-cost and disposable.\n“Optofluidic paper sensors fill a significant need in areas with limited medical facilities, such as rural communities, developing countries and military deployments,” says Lu. “This technology will bring inexpensive and reliable testing right to patients’ bedsides.”", "summary": "Assistant professor Meng Lu, an electrical, computer, and mechanical engineering researcher, is developing an optofluidic paper sensor that integrates sample preparation and detection on a single engineered paper strip. By microfabricating cellulose nanofibers into controlled structures, the paper can filter liquids, capture specific biomarkers, and produce distinct optical responses, enabling simultaneous, low‑concentration detection of multiple disease markers such as cancer, hepatitis, and tuberculosis. The sensor pairs with a portable, inexpensive device that reads optical changes, offering low‑cost, disposable, at‑home testing especially useful in resource‑limited settings."}
{"id": "3f6f99848c7984419452f3955ad47d1d0ea8cc997780692775f49509af9c8431", "source": "June 16, 2013\nPulmonary actinomycosis is a rare bacterial lung infection.\nBack to TopAlternative Names\nActinomycosis - pulmonary\nBack to TopCauses\nPulmonary actinomycosis is caused by a species of bacteria normally found in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract, where they do not usually cause harm. However, poor dental hygiene and dental abscess can increase your risk for face, jaw, and lung infections caused by these bacteria.\nAlcohol abuse, having scars on the lungs (bronchiectasis), and emphysema are all associated with lung infections caused by actinomycosis.\nThe disease is rare in the U.S., with only about 100 confirmed cases per year. It may occur at any age, but most patients are 30 - 60 years old. Men get this infection more often than women do.\nBack to TopTreatment\nThe goal of treatment is to cure the infection. However, many patients take a long time to get better. To be cured, you may need to receive penicillin through a vein (intravenously) for 4 - 6 weeks, followed by several months of penicillin by mouth. Some people need up to 18 months of treatment.\nIf you cannot take penicillin, other antibiotics are available. These include tetracyclines, macrolides, or clindamycin.\nSurgery may be needed to drain fluid from the lungs and control the infection.\nBack to TopOutlook (Prognosis)\nMost people get better after treatment with antibiotics.\nBack to TopWhen to Contact a Medical Professional\nCall your health care provider if:\n- You have symptoms of pulmonary actinomycosis\n- Your symptoms get worse or do not improve with treatment\n- You develop new symptoms\nBack to TopReferences\nBrook I. Actinomycosis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine . 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 350.\nMOST POPULAR - HEALTH\n- Well: Cheating Ourselves of Sleep\n- Well: When the Bully Is a Sibling\n- Well: The Heart Perils of Pain Relievers\n- Well: The 4-Minute Workout\n- Recipes for Health: Bean Salads for Summer\n- Well: In Bullies' Hands, Nuts or Milk May Be a Weapon\n- Books: Saying Less and Doing More\n- Books: Doctor Feelbad\n- Well: Breast Milk Is Good for the Brain, Scans Show\n- Well: The Scientific 7-Minute Workout", "summary": "Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare bacterial lung infection caused by oral and gastrointestinal bacteria, with risk increased by poor dental hygiene, dental abscesses, alcohol abuse, bronchiectasis, and emphysema; about 100 U.S. cases occur annually, typically in adults aged 30‑60, more often in men. Treatment usually involves 4‑6 weeks of intravenous penicillin followed by several months of oral therapy, though alternatives like tetracyclines, macrolides, or clindamycin are used if penicillin is unsuitable, and surgery may be required to drain fluid. Most patients recover with antibiotics."}
{"id": "40b98710c66bf293b3218158bd1f5b73857e3648764ddf2b4ffd6284f4a82b92", "source": "new keyword: infixlr?\nS. Doaitse Swierstra\ndoaitse at cs.uu.nl\nFri Sep 10 13:51:10 EDT 2010\nCurrently Haskell has infix, infixl and infixr operators. I see a use for infixlr as well. This indicates that the implemtation may assume the operator to be associative, and thus has the freedom to \"balance\" an expression containing several operator occurrences.\nThe reason that I bring up this is that in a new combinator I have added to my parser library (the <||> in Text.ParserCombinators.UU.Derived) internally uses cartesian products, which are being constructed and updated. If the compiler had the right to interpret the expressions a <||> b <||>c <||> d as e.g. (a <||> b) <||> (c <||> d) then the updating time for would go down from O(n) to O(log n).\nI admit it is probably a minor point, but given the increased use of \"type level\" programming, and the use of cartesian products to keep \"lists of values of a different type\", I can also see many good uses for this.\nMore information about the Haskell-prime", "summary": "Doaitse Swierstra proposes adding an 'infixlr' fixity declaration to Haskell, indicating that an operator is associative and allowing the compiler to rebalance expressions such as a <||> b <||> c <||> d into (a <||> b) <||> (c <||> d). This could reduce the update cost of cartesian-product based parser combinators from O(n) to O(log n), offering potential performance benefits for type‑level programming and heterogeneous list constructions."}
{"id": "41148cfa398cb2c44429eda791c6f2401d3afb4b296bc9deace8cd8a4a24358b", "source": "Effects of harmonics - Increased losses\nLosses in conductors\nThe active power transmitted to a load is a function of the fundamental component I1 of the current.\nWhen the current drawn by the load contains harmonics, the rms value of the current, Ir.m.s, is greater than the fundamental I1.\nThe definition of THDi being:\nit may be deduced that :\nFigure M18 shows, as a function of the harmonic distortion:\n- The increase in the r.m.s. current Ir.m.s. for a load drawing a given fundamental current\n- The increase in Joule losses, not taking into account the skin effect. (The reference point in the graph is 1 for I r.m.s. and Joules losses, the case when there are no harmonics)\nThe harmonic currents cause an increase of the Joule losses in all conductors in which they flow and additional temperature rise in transformers, switchgear, cables, etc.\nLosses in asynchronous machines\nThe harmonic voltages (order h) supplied to asynchronous machines cause the flow of currents in the rotor with frequencies higher than 50 Hz that are the origin of additional losses.\nOrders of magnitude\n- A virtually rectangular supply voltage causes a 20% increase in losses\n- A supply voltage with harmonics u5 = 8% (of U1, the fundamental voltage),\n- u7 = 5%, u11 = 3%, u13 = 1%, i.e. total harmonic distortion THDu equal to 10%, results in additional losses of 6%\nLosses in transformers\nHarmonic currents flowing in transformers cause an increase in the “copper” losses due to the Joule effect and increased “iron” losses due to eddy currents. The harmonic voltages are responsible for “iron” losses due to hysteresis.\nIt is generally considered that losses in windings increase as the square of the THDi and that core losses increase linearly with the THDu.\nIn Utility distribution transformers, where distortion levels are limited, losses increase between 10 and 15%.\nLosses in capacitors\nThe harmonic voltages applied to capacitors cause the flow of currents proportional to the frequency of the harmonics. These currents cause additional losses.\nA supply voltage has the following harmonics:\n- Fundamental voltage U1 ,\n- harmonic voltages u5 = 8% (of U1),\n- u7 = 5%,\n- u11 = 3%,\n- u13 = 1%,\ni.e. total harmonic distortion THDu equal to 10%. The amperage of the current is multiplied by 1.19. Joule losses are multiplied by (1.19)2, i.e. 1.4.", "summary": "The document explains that harmonic distortion increases electrical losses: rms current rises above the fundamental, causing higher Joule losses in conductors, and additional heating in transformers, switchgear, and cables. Asynchronous machines experience extra rotor losses from harmonic voltages. A near‑square voltage can raise losses by 20%, while a THDu of 10% (u5 = 8%, u7 = 5%, u11 = 3%, u13 = 1%) adds about 6% loss. In transformers, copper losses grow with the square of THDi and core losses linearly with THDu, typically raising losses 10–15% in distribution units. Capacitor losses also increase, with a 10% THDu leading to a 1.4‑fold rise in Joule losses."}
{"id": "41feb9851b518e99beea45b1eb66dfe9cecbc186daa38ce27569872b53f14a9f", "source": "Here’s this week’s Therapy Tip of the Week:\nFarm Animal Ideas\nThis week’s segment provides ideas for using farm animals during play with toddlers to target language.\nAnimals are universally appealing to young children, even for kids who live in metropolitan areas!\nUse this natural interest to keep a child engaged while teaching new words. Focus on teaching words beyond the nouns/names for animals and animal sounds. Introduce verbs/action words and prepositions/location words and even higher level language concepts like size words, plurals, and following two-step directions.\nFarm play is also great for helping a child learn to use two objects together in play which is a critical cognitive skill a child must master.\nFor more ideas about using farm animals in play with toddlers with expressive and receptive language delays, check out these resources from teachmetotalk.com:\nFor a more structured way to teach a child to understand and use more words, I highly recommend Teach Me To Talk: The Therapy Manual. While this book was written for therapists, many moms who are committed to providing the bulk of their child’s therapy at home have told me that this is their favorite resource for knowing what to work on and how to do it!", "summary": "The document offers a therapy tip suggesting the use of farm animal play with toddlers to support language development, recommending activities that go beyond naming animals to include verbs, prepositions, size words, plurals, and two‑step directions, and noting that such play also promotes the cognitive skill of using two objects together; it points readers to resources on teachmetotalk.com and recommends the book Teach Me To Talk: The Therapy Manual for structured language instruction."}
{"id": "42bdb6946573f45502878ccff8918b9ec4efa5f93fe92e27046cecff78fbebd7", "source": "Colgarse means to use more time that is allotted, to exceed a time limit. Colgado can be used in reference to a person who often se cuelga and also to a place that is far, far away (i.e. getting there takes a long time). Le cuelga (literally, 'it hangs from it') means 'it is still going to take a while.'\nDescolgarse means to go from one's current location to another, usually to meet other people and hang out. Just like a monkey would descend from a tree, a buddy unhangs from his place to meet friends.\nFaustino: Descuélgate al reven. Va a estar de huevos. Van a caer un titipuchal de pieles.\nMelquiades: Pus la neta sí me late, pero tu cantón está súper colgado.\nFaustino: Come to the party. It'll be a lot of fun. There will be bueatiful women aplenty.\nMelquiades: I truly like the idea, but your place is really far away.\nMelamina: Este maestro siempre se cuelga con sus clases.\nPonderosa: Y todavía le cuelga para que concluya este semestre.\nMelamina: This professor always stretches his lectures well pass the limit.\nPonderosa: And it's gonna be a while before the semester is over.\nNote: Colgado is also used in expressions such as no me vayas delar colgado or me dejaste colgado hijo de la chingada. In this case, colgado is a reference to the metaphor colgado de la brocha, i.e. hanging from a paintbrush. Hence when somebody abandons you, it's perfectly fine to say that metaphorically such person removed the ladder you were on and left you hanging from the paintbrush.", "summary": "The text explains the colloquial Spanish verb \"colgarse\" as exceeding a time limit, and the adjective \"colgado\" as describing a person who often runs late or a place that is far away, with the phrase \"le cuelga\" meaning something will still take a while. It defines \"descolgarse\" as moving from one location to another to meet friends, likening it to a monkey descending from a tree. Examples illustrate these uses in dialogue, and it notes that \"colgado\" can also appear in expressions about being abandoned, referencing the metaphor of being left hanging from a paintbrush."}
{"id": "431b00925f2b7c2c946b2ac7670a4ffbb7dc6cc14b966773e16d285fcfedf9e7", "source": "Each amino acid consists of an alpha carbon atom to which is attached\n|Arginine||Arg||R||free amino group makes it basic and hydrophilic|\n|Asparagine||Asn||N||carbohydrate can be covalently linked (\"N-linked) to its -NH|\n|Aspartic acid||Asp||D||free carboxyl group makes it acidic and hydrophilic|\n|Cysteine||Cys||C||oxidation of their sulfhydryl (-SH) groups link 2 Cys (S-S)|\n|Glutamic acid||Glu||E||free carboxyl group makes it acidic and hydrophilic|\n|Glycine||Gly||G||so small it is amphiphilic (can exist in any surroundings)|\n|Histidine||His||H||basic and hydrophilic|\n|Lysine||Lys||K||strongly basic and hydrophilic|\n|Proline||Pro||P||causes kinks in the chain|\n|Serine||Ser||S||carbohydrate can be covalently linked (\"O-linked\") to its -OH|\n|Threonine||Thr||T||carbohydrate can be covalently linked (\"O-linked\") to its -OH|\n|Tryptophan||Trp||W||scarce in most plant proteins|\n|Tyrosine||Tyr||Y||a phosphate or sulfate group can be covalently attached to its -OH|\nHumans must include adequate amounts of 9 amino acids in their diet. These \"essential\" amino acids cannot be synthesized from other precursors. However, cysteine can partially meet the need for methionine (they both contain sulfur), and tyrosine can partially substitute for phenylalanine.\n|Methionine (and/or cysteine)|\n|Phenylalanine (and/or tyrosine)|\nTwo of the essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophan, are poorly represented in most plant proteins. Thus strict vegetarians should ensure that their diet contains sufficient amounts of these two amino acids.\n19 of the 20 amino acids listed above can exist in two forms in three dimensions. Link to a discussion.", "summary": "The document lists the 20 standard amino acids, noting each one's single-letter code, characteristic side‑chain properties (e.g., basic, acidic, hydrophilic, ability to form disulfide bonds, or to be glycosylated), and structural effects such as proline causing chain kinks. It states that humans require nine essential amino acids from the diet, with cysteine partially substituting for methionine and tyrosine for phenylalanine, and highlights that lysine and tryptophan are scarce in plant proteins, so vegetarians need adequate intake. It also mentions that 19 of the 20 amino acids can exist in two three‑dimensional forms."}
{"id": "467d4bdafea1139ea1ddb7da0735e21e8ba00e90f0b5a9ffe6d366ee0c90e753", "source": "Inspiration and resources to empower creative and meaningful home learning.\n©2020 The Drawing Class\nNative American history is a stunning example of human ingenuity and strength. Honestly, as I was preparing this study for my students, I was captivated by the rich culture and deeply-rooted traditions that are evident in every single area of Native American life. They are amazing people.\nWhen my students and I took 6 weeks to focus on Native Americans, we discovered just HOW MUCH information and interesting rabbit trails of information there were to follow! (and if you know anything about me, you know that I LOVE rabbit trails - I think the best learning happens down a good rabbit trail.). But we managed to summarize and learn all we could in the 6 weeks, and it was a-mazing.\nThe best part was we organized all the information and seat work into a giant lapbook, complete with art, games, and TONS of pop-out surprises. It was super fun. And something the kids looked forward to adding to each week. I mean, look at this thing!! Its as wide as I am tall!\nYour students will love this in-depth study. It wont matter what age your student is, because you can tailor the information, activities, and reading materials to fit their learning level. All the handouts are here for you, week by week, plus each week's lesson plan that lays out all the activities and ideas to get you started.\nYou'll began week one by setting up your lapbooks. If you follow the directions here, you'll find it's fairly straight forward... just large. *haha*\nThen your students will color the map of the different general areas of tribe groups, It's great cognitive thinking skills to discus what we knew of the weather, land, vegetation, waterways, etc, and trying to deduct just from your own knowledge what kind of housing, food, and clothing the natives in each area might use.\nStart a timeline and discover the ancient history of how the original people came to arrive on the American continent. There's so much to discover!\nI've got all 6 weeks of materials here for you. Each week you'll focus on a few different subjects, diving into the diversity between tribes and discovering much about how Native Americans lived pre-European influence.\nHere's the break down:\nWeek 1: Culture areas, Timeline, and Origin\nWeek 2: Clothing and Food\nWeek 3: Storytelling, Music, and Art\nWeek 4: Languages, Symbols, and Sacred Objects\nWeek 5: Housing, Living style, Traditions\nWeek 6: Transportation, Tools, and Wrap Up\nAnd the icing on the cake? It all fits into this AMAZING giant lapbook that will be something your students will remember forever.\nSo grab some poster board, markers, and the Week One resource kit below to get started!", "summary": "The document outlines a six‑week, in‑depth home‑learning unit on Native American history, culture, and pre‑European life, organized around a large, interactive lapbook. Each week focuses on specific themes—Week 1 covers cultural areas, timelines, and origins; Week 2 explores clothing and food; Week 3 examines storytelling, music, and art; Week 4 looks at languages, symbols, and sacred objects; Week 5 addresses housing, lifestyle, and traditions; and Week 6 reviews transportation, tools, and a wrap‑up. The kit includes handouts, lesson plans, and activities that can be adapted to various ages and learning levels."}
{"id": "4778eb6f9fcc3fe27accca14c5858d69f0de473f45d2a931997300b1ef5a8d16", "source": "Last week, world-renowned University of Victoria climate scientist Andrew Weaver, lead author of several IPCC reports, shocked friends and enemies alike by publishing an article in Nature Climate Change in which he makes an unexpected claim. He and co-author Neil Swart (a UVIC PhD student) find that Alberta’s Athabasca tar sands have a surprisingly small impact on the Earth’s climate.\nAccording to the numbers they provide, burning all the oil from the tar sands (or “oil sands” to be polite) would increase global temperatures by 0.36 degrees Celsius — hardly an insignificant amount. However, the more pertinent measurement is of economically viable tar sands oil, which would raise temperatures by only 0.03 degrees Celsius. By contrast, burning all the world’s coal would warm the planet by 14.8 degrees Celsius.\nWe have seen the true face of environmental villainy, crows Canada’s right-wing media echo chamber, and unconventional Albertan oil it ain’t!\nFirst, as Weaver says up front, these numbers take into consideration only the warming caused by burning tar sands oil, not that caused by the energy consumption needed to extract, transport, and refine it. This apparent oversight is actually a procedural necessity meant to avoid double-counting emissions, and is therefore fully defensible as a feature of the study. However, the energy intensity of tar sands production is a large part of why the resource is considered “dirty.” If such considerations are included, says Weaver, the global warming effect of tar sands oil increases by 20 percent.\nSecond, why are we so surprised that the negative impact of one fossil fuel project in one province should pale in comparison to that of all the coal reserves in the world? The more appropriate comparison would be between the tar sands and another project of similar size.\nTo his great credit, Weaver has been hard at work trying to put his results in context. He emphasizes that the tar sands are Canada’s largest source of greenhouse gas emissions growth, that they are a symptom of a much larger problem, and that it is urgently important for us to wean ourselves off of all fossil fuels. He also acknowledges the profound ecological damage, measured by more than just climate impact, that is caused by tar sands exploitation.\nIn the end, Weaver’s research represents all that is best in science — the unbiased pursuit of knowledge for its own sake regardless of what is uncovered. We should embrace his findings for what they are, and fight the attempts by fossil fuel apologists to twist them into something they’re not. If only polluters were to demonstrate so unshakable an allegiance to the truth as this, we would probably not find ourselves perched so close to the edge of ecological catastrophe in the first place.", "summary": "University of Victoria climate scientist Andrew Weaver and PhD student Neil Swart published a study in Nature Climate Change reporting that burning all oil from Alberta’s Athabasca tar sands would raise global temperatures by 0.36 °C, while economically viable tar sands oil would add only 0.03 °C, compared with a 14.8 °C increase from burning all world coal; the authors note that including emissions from extraction, transport and refining would increase the tar sands’ warming impact by about 20 %, and they stress that tar sands are Canada’s largest source of greenhouse‑gas growth and that broader fossil‑fuel reduction is urgently needed."}
{"id": "47be0c68b232acb6d931c6f595baa2c4e9bb5cbf9a8382ac7ada61e4eb389d87", "source": "Doctors and officials say there is an unprecedented level of mosquitos carrying the West Nile Virus this year.\nThe Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection confirmed cases of the West Nile Virus in two Delaware County men on Monday. This comes only five days after the Department of Health reported West Nile Virus cases in Lancaster and Franklin counties.\nDoctors and officials say there is an unprecedented level of mosquitoes carrying the West Nile Virus this year.\n“The surveillance program in Pennsylvania is showing higher numbers of WNV-infected mosquitoes than any other summer since monitoring began 13 years ago,” said Delaware County Senior Medical Adviser Dr. George Avetian. “We don’t want to alarm people, but it’s important to take precautions. Prevention is the best treatment. The risk for WNV infection is highest during August and September, so we are in prime season, and the risk doesn’t end until the first hard frost.”\nThe Pennsylvania DEP reports the earliest detection of West Nile-virus carrying mosquitoes in the state began in 2000, citing unseasonably warm temperatures in March as the likely reason.\nThere were no human cases of West Nile Virus in Delaware County in 2011 though there were six human cases statewide.\nWhile most people infected do not get sick, a small percentage will experience fever, rash, headache, brain tissue inflammation, brain inflammation and even death, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\nWhile anyone is at risk, health officials say older adults and people with compromised immune systems have the highest risk of developing severe illness.\nMild symptoms of the virus include fever and aches that pass on their own. Officials also say however the illness may last weeks to months even in healthy people. People also need to go to the hospital in more severe cases where they can receive supportive treatment, including intravenous fluids and attention to potential complications.\nIn order to reduce the risk of contracting West Nile, Dr. Avertian suggests the following:\nOfficials also say dead birds are an indicator of increased risk for West Nile Virus infections. If you see any dead birds in your area, please call the Intercommunity Health Coordination at 610-891-5311.\nFor more information on the West Nile Virus, please call the Pennsylvania Health Department at 1-877-PA-HEALTH or visit the West Nile website.", "summary": "Pennsylvania officials report an unprecedented level of West Nile Virus–infected mosquitoes this summer, the highest in 13 years of monitoring, with cases confirmed in two Delaware County men and earlier reports in Lancaster and Franklin counties. Dr. George Avetian warns the risk peaks in August and September and may persist until the first hard frost. While most infections are mild, older adults and immunocompromised individuals face higher risk of severe illness or death. Officials advise preventive measures, note dead birds as a warning sign, and provide contact numbers for reporting and information."}
{"id": "47f6eb0dae7352f8d0bfd1f234ff970bcea7f8107bdf965e98426d0263fd11d7", "source": "Eczema is an uncomfortable and unsightly skin condition that is experienced by about 1 in 10 people throughout the world. While it may seem like this flaky, rash-like skin condition can be treated simply with lotions and other medicated creams, more intensive, systematic approaches are often required as it is caused by an autoimmune response in the body. If you suffer from eczema, here are a few natural remedies that you can try to relieve or even clear up this troublesome skin condition:\nReaction to chemicals and other irritants in common household cleaners and soaps can often trigger or exacerbate an eczema outbreak. Eliminate harsh soaps or other personal hygiene products, or switch to a natural product that does not contain chemicals or fragrances. Next, eliminate products such as laundry detergent and dish soap with these same ingredients. Doing so will reduce irritation to the skin. Wearing loose-flowing cotton clothing will also help provide relief to the skin.\nImprove Digestive Health\nDigestive health is directly linked to immune system health. Improve your digestion by taking a high-quality probiotic and eating foods that are naturally rich in probiotics, such as kefir, yogurt, and fermented foods like sauerkraut. Doing so will increase the ratio of “healthy bacteria” in your stomach and intestines, which can counteract unhealthy bacteria that can promote yeast and other agents that will diminish your digestive and overall health.\nChange Your Diet\nChanging your diet can be the most difficult step to take in improving your eczema, but it can also have the biggest and most long-lasting impact. Many common food allergies trigger eczema and other health problems in the body. The most common food allergens include dairy products (including milk and eggs), wheat, gluten, nuts (especially peanuts), soy and shell fish. Often, the best way to determine if you have an allergy or sensitivity to any of these foods, or to determine if they are catalysts for your eczema, is to try an elimination diet. Eliminate one of the suspected food groups for two or three months and see if there is any improvement in your eczema or in the way you feel. Then gradually add that food back into your diet. If you experience negative health outcomes or see an outbreak of eczema, that food group is likely a culprit.\nIf you eliminate a food from your diet and see improvements, but your eczema has not cleared completely, you may have more than one food allergy. Work your way through the list to determine which foods are the cause of your troubles.\nTopical Home Remedies\nThere are many topical treatments that you can create at home that may offer some relief. Rubbing pure coconut oil or castor oil on the inflamed areas can reduce or eliminate the problem. Others have found success by drinking a mixture of apple cider vinegar and water. However, with all of these treatments, relief was not seen until two or three months of consistent treatment was applied. Anecdotal reports from some eczema suffers suggests that some of these treatments can even clear the eczema completely. Just remember that every body is different, and what works for someone else may not work for you.\nThough eczema is an irritating and sometimes embarrassing condition, it need not be one that you have to live with forever. There are treatments that do not include steroidal creams and other medications that can offer relief. Experiment with these remedies to see what might work for you.\nAbout the author:\nAmanda Tradwick is a grant researcher and writer for CollegeGrants.org. She has a bachelor’s degrees from the University of Delaware, and has recently finished research on college student grants and arizona education grants.", "summary": "Eczema affects roughly one in ten people worldwide and is linked to an autoimmune response; while conventional creams are common, the article suggests natural approaches such as avoiding harsh soaps and detergents, wearing loose cotton clothing, improving gut health with probiotics, and conducting elimination diets to identify food triggers like dairy, wheat, nuts, soy, and shellfish. It also recommends topical home remedies like coconut or castor oil and apple cider vinegar mixtures, noting that benefits may take two to three months and results vary by individual. The author, Amanda Tradwick, is a grant researcher and writer for CollegeGrants.org."}
{"id": "49cfa41adfc2c5b9dec5c938a1081fe39a30dc63b32e759afadeba1d82b3f92b", "source": "The rounding and congruence functions have a long history that is closely related to the history of number theory. Many calculations use rounding of the floating-point and rational numbers to the closest smaller or larger integers. J. Nemorarius (1237) was one of the first mathematicians to use the quotient of two numbers and in a modern sense, but the word quotient appeared for the first time around 1250 in the writings of Meister Gernadus.\nSpecial notations for rounding and congruence functions were introduced much later. C. F. Gauss (1801) suggested the symbol mod () for the notation of the property that the ratio is an integer. He observed that and are the congruent modulo. The number is called modulus.\nC. F. Gauss (1808) and J. Liouville (1838) widely used the floor and round functions in their investigations. They and other mathematicians used different and sometimes confusing notations for those functions. The modern notations of and for floor and ceiling functions, respectively, were suggested by K. E. Iverson (1962). The notation for the rounding function was proposed by J. Hastad (1988).", "summary": "The document outlines the historical development of rounding and congruence functions, noting early use of quotients by J. Nemorarius (1237) and the first appearance of the word \"quotient\" around 1250 in Meister Gernadus's writings. It credits C. F. Gauss (1801) with introducing the \"mod\" notation for integer ratios and describing congruence modulo a number, termed the modulus. Later, Gauss (1808) and J. Liouville (1838) employed floor and round functions, while K. E. Iverson (1962) standardized floor and ceiling symbols and J. Håstad (1988) proposed a notation for rounding."}
{"id": "49f2ae0af5d8458aa30dfd3615e454d6b1c30f2e43cd974a3febb1b2f7d0a0ff", "source": "The corpus linguist who invented the term “forensic linguistics”\nJan Svartvik is one of the world’s most productive linguists in the field of English linguistics and corpus linguistics. He was a professor of English at Lund University from 1970 – 1995, after receiving his doctorate from the University of Uppsala. Throughout his academic career, Professor Svartvik also held appointments in linguistics at other universities, including the University of Durham, University College London, where he worked with Randolph Quirk on the Survey of English Usage, and Brown University where he collaborated with Professor W. Nelson Francis, another leader in corpus linguistics and, with Henry Kucera, the developer of the Brown Corpus. Professor Svartvik was a leader in the development of the London-Lund Corpus. Dr. Svartvik is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Royal Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities and Academia Europaea.\nAs a sole author, co-author, or editor, Professor Svartvik has published, to name a few of his most important works, A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, A Communicative Grammar of English, English: One Tongue, Many Voices, Engelska -öspråk, världsspråk, trendspråk, Engelsk Universitetsgrammatik, Investigating Linguistic Acceptability, Studies in English Linguistics for Randolph Quirk, Politikens bog om engelsk – fra øsprog til verdenssprog, English Corpus Linguistics, Errata: Papers in Error Analysis, On Voice in the English Verb, The London Lund Corpus of Spoken English: Description and Research and Computational Experiments in Grammatical Classification, as well as The Evans Statements: A Case for Forensic Linguistics (Gothenburg Studies in English, 1968).\nThe Association for Linguistic Evidence honors Dr. Svartvik for his pioneering work in forensic linguistics. In The Evans Statements, Professor Svartvik coined the term “forensic linguistics” to describe his application of standard analytical and quantitative methods in linguistics to a forensic issue –the authorship of investigative statements. Dr. Svartvik’s analysis serves as a model for work in forensic linguistics, as he demonstrates careful syntactic and quantitative analysis in authorship identification. We honor Dr. Svartvik in expectation that scholars attracted to forensic linguistics will follow his lead in careful research, objective and replicable methodology, and standard linguistic analytical techniques. His work truly does make a case for how forensic linguistics should be defined and practiced.", "summary": "Jan Svartvik, a prominent corpus linguist and former professor of English at Lund University, is credited with coining the term “forensic linguistics” in his 1968 work The Evans Statements, where he applied standard analytical and quantitative linguistic methods to authorship identification. He contributed extensively to corpus linguistics, collaborating on the Survey of English Usage and the Brown Corpus, and helped develop the London‑Lund Corpus. Svartvik authored numerous influential texts on English grammar and corpus linguistics and is a member of several prestigious academies, with the Association for Linguistic Evidence honoring his pioneering forensic work."}
{"id": "4a08399e00c853310800e67c18cb1b71665a75ce6b9c0c1f0204a5178c044b26", "source": "|Home | About | Donate/Volunteer | Contact | Jobs| Early Schizophrenia Screening Test||\nDecember 10, 2007\nPeople With Schizophrenia Less Likely To Develop Cancer?\nRead more... Schizophrenia Biology\nSeveral new studies which were presented last week at the yearly meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ANCP) demonstrated that a genetic link exists between cancer and schizophrenia. Specifically, the studies found that people who suffer from schizophrenia are less likely than are the rest of the population to develop cancer.\nThe findings are particularly interesting when considering the unhealthy lifestyles many people who suffer from schizophrenia engage in. Though we've discussed how these poor lifestyle habits put people with schizophrenia at a much higher risk for developing health problems such as heart and cardiovascular disease, it seems that they have no effect on the development of cancer for the schizophrenic population, i.e., they don't increase the likelihood of developing cancer for this population.\nResearchers have discovered that the illnesses cancer and schizophrenia share several of the same genes. According to researchers at the National Institute for Mental Health (NIMH), these genes are used in opposite ways by the cells who have them in the two disorders:\nWhile cancer results from changes in the genes that cause cells to go into metabolic overdrive and multiply rapidly, those same genes cause cells in schizophrenia to slow to a crawl...\"We found that many of the same genes are involved in schizophrenia as in cancer, but in a yin and yang way. This will provide critical insight into the molecular structure of schizophrenia,\" said lead researcher and ACNP member Dr. Daniel Weinberger of NIMH. Some of the genes showing this yin-yang effect include NRG1, AKT1, PIK3, COMT, PRODH and ErbB4. While these genes can't be used to predict exactly who will develop these diseases, Dr. Weinberger says they can be used to help determine risk.\nAnother researcher, Dr. Amanda Law of the University of Oxford, who heads one of the teams working at the NIMH, has explored specific genetic pathways that cells use to make basic decisions about their development and their fate, and says:\n\"This is about basic decision making by cells--whether to multiply, move or change their basic architecture,\" says Dr. Law. \"Cancer and schizophrenia may be strange bedfellows that have similarities at the molecular level. The differences lie in how cells respond to external stimuli: in cancer the molecular system functions to speed up the cell and in schizophrenia the system is altered in such a way that causes the cell to slow down.\" Law adds that selective targeting of these pathways may be a potential target in developing treatments for schizophrenia.\n\"It's very curious that a brain disorder associated with very complicated human behavior has at a genetic and cellular level a striking overlap with cancer, a very non-behavior related disorder. Understanding these pathways might provide us with some new strategies for thinking about cancer,\" said Dr. Weinberger.\nDr. Weinberger believes that future research involves using this information to search for therapeutic insights that can reverse these processes, with implications not only for treatment of schizophrenia, but also maybe for cancer as well.\nSource: American College of Neuropsychopharmacology\nPosted by szwriter at December 10, 2007 01:41 PM\nMore Information on Schizophrenia Biology", "summary": "At the 2007 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology meeting, researchers reported a genetic link between schizophrenia and cancer, noting that individuals with schizophrenia appear less likely to develop cancer despite unhealthy lifestyle factors. Studies identified overlapping genes (e.g., NRG1, AKT1, PIK3, COMT, PRODH, ErbB4) that act oppositely: promoting rapid cell growth in cancer but slowing cellular activity in schizophrenia. Researchers suggest these pathways could inform risk assessment and potential therapeutic strategies for both disorders."}
{"id": "4a1a344b622d335181c40c5cc740a1cbee9c18c80746fd21b321bff1a80d2d36", "source": "Some folks laugh at the notion of Uncle Sam reaching his hand literally into our backyards and regulating almost every drop of water. But, a bill in Congress would do just that. And if it passes, not just farmers and ranchers would be affected, but all landowners.\nThe Clean Water Restoration Act, or S. 787, gives the government the right to extend its reach to any body of water from farm ponds, to storm water retention basins, to roadside ditches, to desert washes, even to streets and gutters. The legislation leaves no water unregulated and could even impact standing rainwater in a dry area.\nPrivate property owners beware.\nWhile it has \"restoration\" in its title, it does anything but. The Clean Water Restoration Act is not a restoration of the Clean Water Act at all. It is a means for activists to remove any bounds from the scope of Clean Water Act jurisdiction to extend the government's regulatory reach. But, what the activists won't tell you is that the Clean Water Act is working, and has been for the last 36 years.\nPut simply, this legislation would replace the term \"navigable waters\" from the Clean Water Act with \"all interstate and intrastate waters.\" Farm Bureau supports the protection of U.S. navigable waters, as well as rivers and streams that flow to navigable waters -- all of which are already protected under current law. But, if the Clean Water Act is applied to all waters, farmers and ranchers would be significantly impacted due the number of farming activities that would require permits.\nUnder this new law, areas that contain water only during a rain would be subject to full federal regulation. Further, not only would many areas not previously regulated require federal permits, those permits would be subject to challenge in federal court, delaying or halting these activities resulting in a huge impact on rural economies.\nFarmers and ranchers do a good job taking care of the land. As I often say, they are America's first environmentalists. They use modern conservation practices to protect our nation's water supplies. Many times these efforts are put in place voluntarily because farmers are driven by a strong stewardship ethic.\nHowever, the restoration bill largely disregards the positive conservation role farmers and ranchers are playing. It replaces good works with strict rules. Rather than restore the Clean Water Act, it just brings a new truckload of restrictions for the people who do most to protect our water.\nThe Clean Water Restoration Act is regulatory overkill. It is written to give the federal government control of structures such as drainage ditches, which are only wet after rainfall. Taking these changes one step further, it would likely give federal regulators the ability to control everyday farming activities in adjacent fields.\nHard-working farm families can't afford, nor do they deserve, Uncle Sam's hand reaching into their backyards, their fields or even their puddles of rainwater.\nBob Stallman is president of the American Farm Bureau Federation.", "summary": "Bob Stallman, president of the American Farm Bureau Federation, warns that the Clean Water Restoration Act (S. 787) would expand federal jurisdiction to \"all interstate and intrastate waters,\" covering farm ponds, storm‑water basins, ditches, desert washes, streets and even temporary rainwater. He argues the bill would replace the Clean Water Act’s \"navigable waters\" definition, requiring permits for many farming activities and potentially halting them through legal challenges, which he says would harm rural economies despite farmers’ existing conservation efforts."}
{"id": "4ad5c7127fa6a5daee9baf0c75bddc286f5038a16a1a7a73f22d067bb402b648", "source": "is this specifically related to IPOs or is it more generic?\nThis is a generic answer for net long and net short. Long means an entity owns the stock, say a 100 shares. If another division within the entity sells 50 shares short (shares they do not own but have to borrow), the overall entity is net long 50 shares (100 owned less 50 sold short). If instead 200 shares were sold short, the overall entity would be net short 100 shares (100 owned less 200 sold short).\nIt is not specific to IPOs. Long means the bank owns shares on account. Short means the bank has BORROWED shares and sold them in the market (i.e. they have to buy them back at some point to sloce the gap). \"Net\" is the difference between the two - i.e. to be net short is to OWE the market shares of a stock.\nYour question about long and short positions is timely, because today you will find many investments, even mutual funds, that have long-short positions. Many of these investments are managed by very experienced and capable managers, but understand that even in the most capable hands, these long-short positions have risks.\nMost investors are familiar with long positions. We buy a stock or a mutual fund and watch it to go up (or down). This is a long position. If we buy the stock or mutual fund for $50 the stock may go up or down. Worst case scenario, the company goes bankrupt, the stock goes to zero, and we lose or $50 investment.\nShort positions, on the other hand are less familiar to most investors. When we sell a stock short, we are selling a stock that we don’t own. If we sell a stock for $50 and the stock goes to zero, we can make $50 (we are omitting some of the market rules and additional costs relative to short selling for purposes of illustration). If the stock goes up, say to $200, we can lose $200, because at some point we will be required to buy the stock for delivery to the purchaser. As you can see, the risk of loss as a short position, unlike a long position – which is 100% of our investment) is theoretically unlimited.\nTo illustrate the concept of net positions (your original question – which you probably never thought I would get to), lets construct a 130/30 portfolio, that is a portfolio that is 130% long, and 30% short. How is that possible? We have $10,000 to invest. We sell short a stock or basket of stocks worth $3,000. Now we have $13,000 ($10,000 our original amount and $3,000 from our short sale). We by a stock, or basket of stocks in the normal way in the amount of $13,000 Long. So, for our $10,000 original investment, we have a portfolio that is 130% long ($13,000) and 30% short ($3,000). Many salespeople for funds that have such a portfolio would tell you have a net 100% portfolio. That is true.\nBut here is the rub, and this is what you are not often told (except in the bowels of the Prospectus), this kind of portfolio has 160% exposure. If we buy a stock long we (or the fund manager) are betting the stock will go up. If we sell a stock or basket of stocks short, in essence we (or the fund manager) are betting the stock will go down. If we are right we make money of both bets. If the stock we bought long go down and the stocks we sold short go up? If we are wrong on both bets we can lose serious amounts of money, much more than a dull, stodgy long position.\nWe would call this a form of leverage, and there are all sorts of ways to create hedges or increase risk, such as: individual securities, ETFs, mutual funds, futures, options, or forward contracts (to name a few).", "summary": "The document explains that long and short positions are generic concepts, not specific to IPOs: a long position means owning shares, while a short position involves borrowing and selling shares to later repurchase. Net position is the difference between owned and shorted shares, determining whether an entity is net long or net short. It illustrates a 130/30 portfolio where $10,000 of capital is used to hold $13,000 long and $3,000 short, resulting in 160% exposure and higher risk, noting that short positions carry theoretically unlimited loss potential."}
{"id": "4b10f7da8ec1df8fd744500679366dd4b9612828f9aaff6113f44476f9774d5d", "source": "Worms are a persistent problem for dogs and some variations of this parasite can even cause problems for people too. We can never rule out the possibility of a worm infection throughout the lifespan of your dog, so it’s important to keep a regular routine of treatment as in this case, prevention is the best cure. Most pet owners will already know that it is important that they have their dog regularly dewormed. There are various types of worms that your dog can develop and they are as follows:\nThe tapeworm’s name describes its appearance. It is long and flat, resembling tape. It can sometimes be seen with the naked eye and broken pieces can usually be found in the dog’s faecal matter or around its anus (if they have an infestation) – appearing similar to grains of rice.\nThe common symptoms of severe tapeworm infestation are vomiting, weight loss and severe itching around the anus. As tapeworm larvae are carried by fleas which are then picked up by the dog as it grooms itself, this is an important reason to prevent fleas in your dog.\nLike tapeworms, roundworms can also be seen with the naked eye. They are pale white to beige and may be coiled like a spring and can appear in your dog’s faeces or vomit. Roundworms are a common type of worm found in dogs and in particular, puppies. The reason for this is that puppies can contract the worms through their mother’s milk or even whilst they are in the uterus. The symptoms of a severe infestation of roundworms tend to be pot-bellied appearance, diarrhoea, vomiting and a dull coat.\nThe most common species of roundworm in dogs is Toxocara Canis which can also infect people. Children are particularly vulnerable as eggs can be picked up in contaminated soil. Once ingested by children, the worm larvae can migrate through the body and, if they reach the eyes, they may potentially cause damage to eyesight. This highlights how vital it is to ‘pick up’ after your dog – and to be doubly sure to prevent worms from being transmitted in the first place.\nIt is always better to prevent worms in dogs than to run the risk of your dog being ill and having to treat them. There are a number of medicines authorised to prevent and treat worms – talk to your vet or other pet care specialist for advice on which is best for your dog and how to use them.\nThe Pet Health Info website www.pethealthinfo.org.uk is a free online resource, offering information on a range of pet health issues, including worms in dogs.", "summary": "Worm infections are a continual risk for dogs, requiring regular deworming and flea control to prevent tapeworms and roundworms, which can be seen in feces or vomit and cause symptoms such as vomiting, weight loss, itching, pot‑bellied appearance, diarrhoea, and a dull coat; the common roundworm Toxocara canis may also infect humans, especially children, leading to potential eye damage, so prompt removal of dog waste and veterinary‑prescribed treatments are essential."}
{"id": "4b70ea3e715f5dc60a7142359369c4c164d05bd46564368b25566f86a234274e", "source": "NEW HEADING 1\nFebruary 28, 2013By Chyannne Miles of Thomas Nelson HS\nThe ACT is coming up and here at TNHS were doing our best to prepare for it. What is the ACT and why is it so important? Well the ACT is a national college admissions examination that consists of subject area tests in Math, English, Reading and Science. The ACT is not a quiz to test your IQ level. The questions on the ACT are directly related to everything that you learned in your high school English, mathematics, reading, and science classes. Taking the ACT is important because it makes you visible to colleges and scholarship agencies. If you don’t do well on your ACT test you will have to pay your own way through college and you’ll have to find a way to pay for your own school books as well. If you don’t do well on the ACT you might not even be able to get into the college that you want to! With some colleges you have to have a certain score on your ACT to get accepted and nothing below that score will be acceptable. So that is why here at TNHS teachers have been trying so hard to prepare the juniors for the ACT. They want them to do well in life and have every opportunity out there to be able and achieve their goals. To help them prepare teachers went over the test scores from the last test students took in order to help them see where they struggled and where did well, teaches went over how students could use their time wisely, and how to eliminate answers on the test to find the correct one. By doing these things the students here at TNHS are more likely to succeed and do well on the test.", "summary": "Chyannne Miles reports that Thomas Nelson High School is preparing its juniors for the ACT, a national college admissions exam covering Math, English, Reading, and Science, emphasizing its importance for college admission and scholarships. Teachers reviewed previous test scores to identify strengths and weaknesses, taught time‑management strategies, and instructed students on eliminating incorrect answer choices to improve performance."}
{"id": "4bae270d42bd85d8cb315ed1f4f00712c1c3566dc977ecc4601ffaaa52a64b4f", "source": "Today I want to talk about the Sami people.\nSome people call them Laplanders.\nThis is not quite right according to this native Sami man:\n\"Lapp\" means a patch of cloth for mending, thus the name suggests that the Sami are wearing patched clothes, a derogatory term and one that needs to be replaced. The word \"Laplander\" is also problematic since that could mean any person who lives within this region, also those that are non native. Finally there's a part of the Sami population who always have lived outside the region of \"Lapland\" such as the Sami's in Swedens, Jemtland and Härjedalen.\nThey are the only aboriginal people of Northern Europe and are known\nfor being nomadic reindeer herders.\nThis photo was taken in the early 1900's of a typical Sami family.\nPresent day Sami people have lost their habitat due to mining,\nhydroelectric dams and general increase in population and pursue\nother careers but there are still some out there who live a traditional lifestyle\nin rural parts of Northern Europe.\nThey are the only people in Europe who can legally herd and practice reindeer husbandry.\nThe needle work of the Sami people is beautiful and intricate.\nCan you guess what it is?\nI was also inspired by this little throw rug I have...\n...and then the doodling began on a piece of scrap tissue that was lying around...\nI am taking some artistic license in the designs and going a bit more swirly\nI feel that this sculpture may take a while given the detail but\nonce again, through research, I am learning about something\nI didn't really know much about.\nI leave you with this beautiful short video of\none Sami man's relationship with his land and his reindeer.", "summary": "The document discusses the Sami, the indigenous people of Northern Europe, noting that the term \"Lapp\" is a derogatory reference to patched clothing and that \"Laplander\" can incorrectly include non‑native residents; some Sami live outside the traditional Lapland region, such as in Sweden's Jämtland and Härjedalen. It highlights their historic nomadic reindeer herding, unique legal right to practice reindeer husbandry, and intricate needlework, while noting contemporary pressures from mining, hydroelectric dams, and population growth that have reduced their traditional habitat, though some still maintain rural, traditional lifestyles."}
{"id": "4bd5c10bd8cb0e1d57b702f6dab2307e391895dc5b5601f236e4be43b357863e", "source": "Improving your general wellbeing begins with being wellbeing cognizant, settling on shrewd way of life decisions and zeroing in on precaution care. The present relentless economy has made a mentality of moment delight in any event when wellbeing is included. Individuals need to take a pill and in a split second feel a distinction and many do not see an incentive in safeguard treatments except if they see a difficult first. With helpless way of life decisions today comprising of trend counts calories, eating handled nourishments, taking physician recommended medicine, burning-through liquor reveling in desserts and fake sugars, the body is working in overdrive to free itself of poisons and diminish body-wide aggravation. In the event that additional time was spent zeroing in on regular choices to forestall disease instead of responding to sickness and treating with physician recommended drugs, the world would be a more beneficial spot.\nTruly, a great many people do not know how great their body is really intended to feel. This is the place where catalyst treatment becomes possibly the most important factor. For most solid people, our bodies normally produce an ideal measure of enzymes until we come to our mid-to late-twenties. As we probably are aware, a few people in their forties might be more advantageous than somebody in their twenties. This can be a consequence of way of life decisions which can impact compound creation from individual to individual. Enzymes are biocatalysts or proteins vital for almost 3000-4000 of the compound responses inside our body that are related with metabolic capacities, processing, detoxification sound resistant framework working, development and regular recuperating. What does this eventually mean? It implies enzymes help different things work all through the body. Individuals beyond 30 a year’s old and improved probability of protein lack who may prompt more prominent odds of medical problems and sicknesses.\nAt the point when individuals consider bulk enzymes, they frequently think assimilation. Be that as it may, there are two unique sorts of enzymes: stomach related enzymes and foundational enzymes. Stomach related enzymes are taken with a supper and help uphold generally speaking stomach related wellbeing by separating the food an individual eats while additionally assisting with improving supplement ingestion. Numerous individuals are chemical lacking and do not have any acquaintance with it. As indicated by the National Institute of Health, 60 to 70 million individuals in America experience the ill effects of some kind of stomach related confusion. Individuals who experience the ill effects of helpless stomach related wellbeing are generally connected to low energy, exorbitant gas, helpless skin wellbeing, joint torment, aggravation, weight-increase, feeble invulnerable framework, acid reflux and swelling following dinners.", "summary": "The text argues that improving overall wellbeing requires conscious lifestyle choices and preventive care rather than relying on quick fixes or medication after illness. It highlights that enzyme production, essential for thousands of bodily reactions, declines after the mid‑twenties, increasing disease risk, and distinguishes between digestive enzymes, which aid food breakdown and nutrient absorption, and systemic enzymes. It notes that 60‑70 million Americans suffer from digestive issues linked to low enzyme levels, manifesting as fatigue, gas, skin problems, joint pain, inflammation, weight gain, weak immunity, acid reflux, and post‑meal swelling."}
{"id": "4cdb1dfc487864f535c166f9cbf43bd621affbdec12276e5d678e9a60626e0ed", "source": "Reconstructing vanished oceans\nWe establish the locations and geometry of mid ocean ridges through time on the basis of marine magnetic anomaly identifications, geological information such as paleomagnetic data from terranes and microcontinents, especially in the Tethys Ocean, mid-oceanic ridge subduction events and the rules of plate tectonics. Based on a global set of tectonic plate rotations we construct a set of refined seafloor isochrons following the interpolation technique outlined by Müller et al. (1997; 2008) but including a multitude of additional data.\nOceanic depth through time\nUsing a published age-depth relationship (GDH-1), we compute the depth-area distribution of the ocean basins. We choose GDH-1 for converting age to depth because this relationship is based on sediment-corrected depths without excluding data from hotspot swells and seamounts. Therefore GDH-1 provides a good average fit to sediment unloaded oceanic basement depths and is preferable for predicting the average oceanic basement depth through time, including thermally rejuvenated lithosphere, as compared to models that reflect ocean depth changes related to plate ageing through time only.\nThree additional factors play a significant role in controlling global ocean basin depth through time, namely the generation of oceanic large igneous provinces (LIPS), oceanic sedimentation (2) and changes in oceanic crustal area. We create a set of paleo-bathymetry maps by adding major oceanic plateaus and sediment thickness to our reconstructed basement depth maps. These maps allow us to compute oceanic crustal area and mean depth through time.\nPalaeo Age and Bathymetry\nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.\nWe welcome any feedback. In particular, if you have data that you would like to be included in the next version of the agegrid, please send us an email. Send email.", "summary": "The study reconstructs historic mid‑ocean ridge locations and geometry using marine magnetic anomalies, paleomagnetic data, ridge subduction events, and plate‑tectonic rotations, refining seafloor isochrons with additional data beyond Müller et al. (1997, 2008). Oceanic depth through time is estimated via the GDH‑1 age‑depth relationship, which incorporates sediment‑corrected depths and accounts for thermally rejuvenated lithosphere. The authors also consider large igneous provinces, sedimentation, and crustal area changes, producing paleo‑bathymetry maps that combine reconstructed basement depths with added plateaus and sediment thickness to calculate basin area and mean depth."}
{"id": "4ed3608b60e3a6fb86daac09ec3f34c1933e614f86c3ab18d6bcac7faec4f65d", "source": "FUN FACT 1: SCIADONIC ACID WOULD HAVE BEEN CONSUMED BY DINOSAURS!\n- Titanosaurian sauropods were the largest herbivorous creatures to ever inhabit planet earth\n- They lived 245-65 million years ago, during a time period pre-dating the occurrence of modern angiosperm plants\n- They ate huge amounts of ferns, cycads, and conifers (gymnosperms)\n- The conifer species can be identified from the fossil record, and were likely rich in sciadonic acid (since their modern equivalents are rich in sciadonic acid and there is no reason to assume the synthetic machinery to make sciadonic acid did not exist earlier)\n- Thus, these giant herbivores enjoyed the benefits of sciadonic acid (anti-inflammatory, energy, membrane structure), until their unfortunate (fortunate for us) demise, facilitated or accelerated by the impact of the Chicxulub impact crater near Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico\n- Hunter and gatherers and pre-1900 man probably also consumed significant amounts of sciadonic acid by consuming conifer seeds and leaves, and by consuming wild mammals that ate such seeds and leaves", "summary": "The text claims that sciadonic acid, found in modern conifers, would have been consumed by large herbivorous dinosaurs such as titanosaurs, which ate ferns, cycads, and conifers before angiosperms appeared; it suggests these dinosaurs benefited from sciadonic acid’s anti‑inflammatory and metabolic properties, and that early humans also likely ingested it via conifer seeds, leaves, and meat from animals that ate them."}
{"id": "4f36ed97181d6336878074966a4b23baae393aa4092e9408bb991d7dc7340499", "source": "New to Typophile? Accounts are free, and easy to set up.\nIn current practice, usage of the term case most likely refers to the use of uppercase (capital) or lowercase letters. See some examples below. In letterpress practice, case refers to the physical box (case), usually wooden, that a given set of letters is stored. Capital letters were stored in the upper (top) case and lowercase letters were stored in the lower (bottom) case.\nALL CAPS -- All letters are capitalized.\nTitle Case -- The first letter of each word is capitalized.\nSentence case -- where the first character is capital and the remaining words are lowercase.\nCamel Case -- Also called internal caps where one or more characters in a given word (or string) has a capitalized letter. This is often used in programming languages and increasingly seen for naming or branding companies or products.\nGreek OpenType Features", "summary": "The document explains that 'case' can refer to uppercase or lowercase letters, and historically to the wooden boxes storing type, with capitals in the upper case and small letters in the lower case. It defines several typographic styles: ALL CAPS (all letters capitalized), Title Case (first letter of each word capitalized), Sentence case (first character capitalized, rest lowercase), and Camel Case (internal capitals within a word, common in programming and branding)."}
{"id": "50afde4ebd43d004918958e3a6232a9404018bb15b473b65b26f61713d987f3f", "source": "The layer of cells that lines the heart, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and certain tissue-lined cavities throughout the body. Researchers are especially interested in the vascular (blood vessel) endothelium and its role in the development of such medical conditions as heart disease and diabetic retinopathy (eye disease). Researchers who study atherosclerosis (narrowing of the arteries) and heart disease are keenly interested in the function—and dysfunction—of the vascular endothelium. Endothelial dysfunction, a condition in which the blood vessels are unable to dilate fully when needed, is thought to be one of the earliest signs of atherosclerosis. Research shows that endothelial dysfunction tends to develop before the blood vessel walls start to thicken and before atherosclerotic plaques begin to appear on them. Researchers think that it may cause atherosclerosis by promoting stiffening of the blood vessels, the adhesion of platelets and other substances to the inner walls of blood vessels, inflammation, and blood clotting. Endothelial dysfunction may be an important mechanism by which Type 2 diabetes raises the risk of heart disease. Recent research has shown that insulin resistance (a condition in which the body’s cells do not respond to insulin properly) may be a major contributor to endothelial dysfunction. Other risk factors for endothelial dysfunction may include poor high blood glucose levels, blood lipid (cholesterol and triglyceride) abnormalities, and high blood pressure. Researchers believe that taking steps to control these risk factors, including dietary modification, exercise, weight loss, and drug therapy to control diabetes, lipid levels, and blood pressure, could help improve endothelial dysfunction—and lower the risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease. Researchers are also studying the vascular endothelium in the context of angiogenesis, or the growth of new blood vessels. Cells within the endothelium tend to promote angiogenesis, with the help of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Angiogenesis can adversely affect diabetic retinopathy by promoting the development of abnormal new blood vessels in the retina, which tend to leak and cause scarring. Researchers hope someday to stop or delay the progression of diabetic retinopathy by using drugs that block the action of VEGF.", "summary": "The endothelium lines the heart, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and certain cavities, and its dysfunction is linked to early atherosclerosis, heart disease, and diabetic retinopathy. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by impaired vessel dilation, may precede arterial thickening and plaque formation, promoting vessel stiffening, platelet adhesion, inflammation, and clotting, and may mediate the increased heart disease risk in Type 2 diabetes via insulin resistance. Risk factors include high glucose, lipid abnormalities, and hypertension, which can be mitigated by diet, exercise, weight loss, and medication. The endothelium also drives angiogenesis via VEGF, contributing to pathological retinal vessels in diabetic retinopathy, suggesting VEGF‑blocking drugs could slow disease progression."}
{"id": "50f82259cadd208cd2abe1ef64fd706e96cecce1a35f25b6eb1e684109c7ee1f", "source": "Oak Older Stem\nLike other hardwood trees, there are two kinds of wood cells: wood fibers and vessel elements. The wood fiber cells continue to grow a secondary cell wall of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, squeezing the living protoplasm and nucleus to the center of the cell until the wall is very thick and strong, and then the cells die. The vessel elements provide the transportation network for the oak tree's sap. Only in the outer layers of the vascular cambium do the phloem cells function in fluid transport. With growth, the older phloem cells are squeezed and lose function. As the tree ages, the oldest xylem cells become dead parts of a living system (like human fingernails and hair), and become theheartwood, the darker wood at the tree's center. Heartwood cells add strength and structure with their tough, fibrous mass and allow the oak to reach its tall and massive stature. The sapwood, the lighter wood, accounts for the annual rings that foresters use to estimate the age of an oak tree. The summerwood (higher density cells) form the growth rings while the springwood (the low density cells) form earlier in the year.", "summary": "The passage explains oak tree wood structure, describing two cell types—fibers that develop thick, lignified walls and then die, and vessel elements that transport sap. As the tree grows, outer phloem cells lose function, while older xylem becomes heartwood, a dense, strong central wood, and sapwood forms the lighter outer layers. Seasonal growth produces distinct rings: dense summerwood and less dense springwood, which foresters use to estimate age."}
{"id": "53481420f17b1c134e73004d5a65d06774b8879954c80c24822b50849cbdbdff", "source": "This course focuses on collaboration and contemplation through the production of art that is place-based and/or responds to social issues. We will engage in aesthetic experimentation and dialogue about the role of artists in the public sphere.\nThis course will address immersive art and life practices by investigating the historical, cultural, political, and social contexts surrounding a project. You will learn to generate ideas, to connect form to content, and to create art projects that we will share with the world. You’ll have the chance to research and respond to social and cultural issues that are important to you. Together we will review examples of art, do some reading/listening/watching, and get our hands moving and making with studio assignments.\nFor the Fall 2020 semester this course will be offered online.", "summary": "The course emphasizes collaborative, place-based, and socially responsive art, encouraging aesthetic experimentation and dialogue about artists' public roles. It explores immersive art and life practices by examining historical, cultural, political, and social contexts, teaching students to generate ideas, align form with content, and create projects for public sharing. Students will research and address social and cultural issues important to them, engage with art examples, readings, media, and hands‑on studio work, and the Fall 2020 semester will be offered online."}
{"id": "548ae1cc1c63e09c7941fd105b1c547cfb807e2fa839ed8baf03ae7637719639", "source": "False labor can feel much like active labor, especially for a new mother. Braxton Hicks contractions can begin in the second trimester. These contractions are used to prepare the uterus for actual birth when the time comes. Most often, false labor consists of strong Braxton Hicks contractions. Think of these as exercises for the uterus.\nFalse labor may present with pains in the abdomen and back as well as a contracting or tightening of the uterus. This is common and expected. False labor does not, however, cause effacement or thinning of the cervix. But pregnant women are not be able to measure their own cervix so how can she tell the difference between false labor contractions and active contractions? Active labor contractions are progressive. They will start off light and progress to stronger, harder pains. The time between contractions also progresses. In the beginning of active labor, contractions come at intervals of 20 to 30 minutes. As labor progresses, the time slowly gets shorter and shorter until contractions come at even intervals of around two minutes.\nWalking is another way to tell false labor from real labor. Braxton Hicks contractions tend to ease off when mom walks around or rests. This is not true of real labor contractions. The location of the contractions is different as well. Real contractions tend to present in the lower back and spread to the front of the abdomen. False labor contractions is characterized with pain in the front and pelvic area.\nWhen in question, always contact the attending physician about pains and contractions. Having questions answered is often enough to keep a pregnant woman from heading to the hospital way too early.", "summary": "False labor, often caused by strong Braxton Hicks contractions that can start in the second trimester, mimics active labor with abdominal and back pain but does not cause cervical effacement. Active labor contractions become progressively stronger and more frequent, shifting from 20‑30‑minute intervals to about two minutes, and typically start in the lower back before spreading to the front. Braxton Hicks usually ease with walking or rest, whereas true labor does not, and its pain is felt more in the front and pelvic area. Women are advised to contact their physician when uncertain."}
{"id": "5563eebe712dfd8e1d801d47fba4587e97148461b4206a0f4d41f89e15cfb9f3", "source": "Benedict XV (Della Chiesa, Giacomo). (1854-1922).\nBenedict XV (Della Chiesa, Giacomo). Born, Genoa, November 21, 1854; died Rome, January 22, 1922.\nDella Chiesa, who held a doctorate in civil law from the Royal University of Genoa, won election as Pope on September 3, 1914, shortly after the outbreak of war. From the beginning, Benedict XV called upon the warring parties to end the conflict. His first encyclical, Ad Beatissimi, took an unequivocal stand against the war and associated war with Satan's envy of the Kingdom of Peace. Benedict then strove relentlessly to end the war and to prevent Italy's entry into the hostilities.\nAlthough Pope and Church were accused widely of pro-Austrian neutrality, Italy's Catholics supported the Pope's neutralism. Moderate and liberal Italian Catholic laypersons and the radical peasant White Leagues of the Po Valley joined pro-Vienna aristocrats in demanding an end to the war and Italy's absolute neutrality. They were joined by the vast majority of Italian Socialists and by most liberals. Yet, owing largely to Benedict's and the Church's inability to act in any other than the most conservative diplomatic manner, Italy's intervention and the widening of the war could not be prevented by popular forces. To have sponsored or allowed the kinds of mass actions undertaken by the Socialists, for example, was unthinkable to the practitioners of Vatican diplomacy.\nBenedict maintained rigorously his anti-war position and sought on several occasions to facilitate a diplomatic settlement. Most importantly, he proposed in August 1917 a plan based upon the prewar status quo. In the proposal, he cited the \"useless carnage\" of the war. While the proposal won few adherents in ruling circles, Benedict's rhetoric was blamed and credited for having helped to inspire the insurrection against the war in Turin later the same month. As the end of the war approached, Benedict lost the peace-making mantle to Woodrow Wilson.\nLater years found the Pope in support of the Washington Naval Conference and in favor of aid to lessen suffering in war-torn Russia.\nWalter H. Peters, The Life of Benedict XV (Milwaukee; 1959)\nHenry E.G. Rope, Benedict XV: The Pope of Peace (London: 1940)\nErnesto Vercesi, Il moviemento cattolico in italia (1870-1922) (Florence: 1923)", "summary": "Benedict XV (Giovanni Della Chiesa, 1854‑1922) was elected pope on 3 September 1914, shortly after World War I began, and immediately called for an end to the conflict, condemning war as contrary to the Kingdom of Peace. He maintained a neutral, anti‑war stance, urging diplomatic settlement and proposing a 1917 plan to restore the pre‑war status quo, though it gained little support among leaders. Despite popular Italian Catholic, socialist, and liberal opposition to Italy’s entry into the war, Vatican diplomacy remained conservative and could not prevent Italy’s involvement. After the war, Benedict supported the Washington Naval Conference and aid for war‑torn Russia."}
{"id": "55ab75a0ad0f705f8968870b1aec8796d74cdfa48969e31017ab99198a81cd34", "source": "Rice began to colonize southern India in the nineteenth century. Often cultivated with the use of a caste-based bondage called 'agrarian slavery' in the records of colonial and native bureaucracies, rice exemplifies the links between environmental and social change in the region. This research asks if the increasing commodification and expansion of rice cultivation molded agrarian slavery into new forms. Beginning with the rationing of rice by the East India Company in 1781 and concluding with the criminalizing of slave ownership in 1861, this project proposes that human processes of imperial expansion, abolition of caste-based slavery and changing food consumption patterns transformed rice into a hegemonic cereal in the region. I propose that the untouchable 'adimai' producing a global commodity in southern Indian paddy fields was named 'slave' through the translation of Abolition into Indian idioms, through new categorizations of labor that the East India Company's revenue assessment exercises produced. I track this process across linguistic and administrative boundaries to offer a comparative perspective across the native-ruled state of Travancore and the British-administered districts of Malabar, Tanjore, Trichinopoly, Madura and Tinnevelly in southern India, across regions where Tamil and Malayalam are dominant languages. Drawing on native and colonial bureaucratic and literary sources, I propose to apply the methods of literary analysis and the questions of anthropology to historical inquiry. This research locates the south Indian paddy field of the nineteenth century at the confluence of the world historical processes of imperialism, Abolition and the concomitant emergence of a global market for rice. This project adds to scholarship on Abolition and slavery in the global South, enriches debates within post-colonial theory and contributes to the environmental humanities.", "summary": "The study examines how nineteenth‑century rice cultivation in southern India, linked to a caste‑based system called agrarian slavery, was reshaped by imperial expansion, the abolition of caste slavery, and changing food consumption, turning rice into a dominant cereal. It traces the transformation from East India Company rice rationing in 1781 to the criminalisation of slave ownership in 1861, analysing linguistic and administrative shifts across British‑administered districts and the native state of Travancore, using colonial and native sources to connect imperialism, abolition, and the global rice market."}
{"id": "5666a565974316512558ca9006f4dc05bb88ebb3286bf51ef3e6e60fe6780e41", "source": "Is it okay to use infant (“baby”) signs with my child?\nThroughout my time working with families and talking with friends, I have come across a common misconception or worry that the use of infant sign language will slow or even prevent verbal language development. However, that is simply not the case.\nSo, quick answer to the title question above: Absolutely yes!\nA language is a system of symbols that signify meaning to others, specifically those that understand that same system. A sign is a symbol just like a verbally spoken word is a symbol. So regardless of mode, signing ‘more’ or saying, “more” aloud, they are using a specific symbol to communicate a specific want or need.\nThe recommendation is for infant signs to be introduced to typically developing babies around six to eight months of age. Their use has been shown to reduce frustration (both parent and child) and facilitate language development. They also play a huge role with babies/toddlers that have delayed speech-language development.\nChildren learn to imitate and use gestures (like waving, pointing) before they learn to imitate and use sounds in words. Signs come in especially handy during this time, when children have the capacity to use language, but their mouths cannot yet execute the complex movements required for speech. The use of these signs facilitates joint attention, teaches cause-effect, builds imitation skills, and helps establish bonds between child and caregiver, all of which are vital skills preceding use of sounds and words.\nIt is in our nature to take the path of least resistance, that is, as soon as kids are able to use words, they drop the infant signs. Many times, the signs that they were using consistently become their first verbally spoken words.\nPlease see below for a few examples of infant signs (images via Boardmaker).\nAna Thrall, MS, CF-SLP", "summary": "The document states that using infant sign language with typically developing babies, introduced around six to eight months, does not hinder verbal development and can actually reduce frustration and support language growth, especially for children with delayed speech. Signs serve as symbolic communication, aiding joint attention, cause‑effect learning, imitation, and caregiver‑child bonding before speech emerges, and many early signs become the child's first spoken words."}
{"id": "58cad37801b1589ab8fce6f353f2025b498694d748adbfbc666f3b957f19ff42", "source": "Why you should put a quarter on a frozen cup of water before the shutoffs\nUpdated: 9:42 PM PDT Oct 8, 2019 SACRAMENTO, Calif. —\nWith planned PG&E power outages for more than 800,000 Californians on the horizon, here’s a simple trick used often by those in major storms that may be a big help.\nIf you’re worried about the food being safe to consume when the power returns, try this viral quarter hack that originally came from Sheila Pulanco Russell in North Carolina. Advertisement\nAs she explained in her Facebook post, all you need for this trick is a quarter and cup of water. Put the water in the freezer until it’s frozen solid. Then, take it out and put a quarter on top of the ice. Return the cup — with the quarter — back to the freezer.\nAll of that may seem pointless, but there’s a reason this trick\nresurfaces time and time again. When power has been restored, if you\nfind the quarter has moved to the bottom of the cup, then you’ll know\nyour food was unrefrigerated for a significant period of time and it’s\nno longer safe to eat.\nFound the quarter in the middle? The food is likely still OK, but, as Russell advised, “If you don’t feel good about your food, just throw it out.”\nWhere you ideally want the quarter to be is exactly where you left it — on the top. That means your freezer’s contents stayed frozen the entire time. Genius, right?", "summary": "The article describes a viral trick for detecting whether food has thawed during planned power outages: freeze a cup of water, place a quarter on the ice, and refreeze it. After power returns, if the quarter has sunk to the bottom, the freezer’s contents likely warmed and food may be unsafe; if it remains on top, the food stayed frozen. The method, attributed to Sheila Pulanco Russell of North Carolina, is suggested for Californians facing PG&E outages."}
{"id": "59ae8ba2c2ac109b4f65c2ec88c040cde18a2efb5b0b34299d38978740d38d78", "source": "Blind children can learn to play a musical instrument just as well and generally even better than, sighted children provided the desire and interest is there. Blind children generally have a strong sense of rhythm and musical sensation since their hearing is more in tuned with the world.\nOf course the assumption should not be made that just because they are blind they should play a musical instrument. However if a child or an adult who is visually impaired decides that playing a musical instrument is something they would find beneficial, then by all means, there should be every consideration made just as you would for a sighted individual.\nThere are instruments which are better suited for the visually impaired than others. Most string instruments are a good musical instrument for the visually impaired because the strings might be easily felt in order, especially for the violin, viola, and cello.\nThe piano and woodwind musical instruments can also make very good choices for the visually impaired when learning to play a musical instrument. They are considered the easiest of the musical instruments to memorize tactilely and are fairly versatile in the musical arrangements they might be applied to playing. However, there is of course no restriction to the possibilities.\nIt is mostly not necessary to find the visually impaired musical student a specially trained music teacher. A teacher that is creative and patient (which we would hope all music teachers are) should be able to help the visually impaired student feel the musical instrument of their choice in order to learn to play it competently. Musical instruments generally are able to be handled by the visually impaired simply because their design and structure is quite unique from a tactile standpoint.\nChildren and adults from all walks of life should learn to play at least one musical instrument. Learning to play a musical instrument teaches so many skills at once that it might be difficult to find a downfall to learning to play a musical instrument regardless of who you are, where you come from, or what type of disability you may bring to the table. It should never be assumed that simply because an individual doesn’t see the world that they cannot fully participate in it. Learning to play a musical instrument is just one way of reaching out through the world and bringing the world as we know it to life.", "summary": "The document states that blind children can learn musical instruments as well as, or often better than, sighted children when motivated, noting their strong sense of rhythm and auditory perception. It suggests that many instruments, especially strings, piano, and woodwinds, are suitable because they can be learned tactilely, and that a patient, creative teacher—not necessarily specially trained—can effectively instruct visually impaired students. The piece emphasizes that learning an instrument benefits individuals of any background or ability and should not be dismissed due to visual impairment."}
{"id": "5ae8a7ba257e76d864d974f37b728012746ab36ad8c47b848d9e959fd3978101", "source": "This week, Dylan and the young chap pictured above imagined a grocery store with an airport style moving sidewalk or escalator that brings you through each section of the store. There was some debate about whether or not this was an “invention” or an “innovation.” We settled on it being an innovation, but feel free to weigh in by leaving a comment below.\nSome other fun work this week was one child’s work with the Parts of a Bird and Parts of a Fish material. This material is attractive to the children’s natural, intrinsic interest in animals, and allows them to further practice pencil control while recreating the images and colouring them, teaches them some basic biological nomenlature, and is a part of their language/writing education as they label the different parts, which they also have to read.\nAnother big part of Casa language and literacy education is the Montessori Moveable Alphabet material. Above, you can see two uses of the material. In one instance, the children identify images on cards and use the Moveable Alphabet to construct the nouns represented on the cards. Remember, Montessori teaches the phonetic sounds of the alphabet first, so children learn that joining together symbols that represent sounds is the process behind learning to read and write. In the other picture, Laura is working with two boys and the Moveable Alphabet to see how many words they can construct using the letters laid out on the mat.\nWe have also been continuing to take advantage of the opportunity to get outside into our outdoor Montessori environment. Not only are we still working on getting it back into shape after winter — watering and such — we can now also bring some of our work and materials outside to enjoy the beautiful weather and offer a little diversity to our learning spaces.\nAs the rains came this week, we also took advantage of the great gym at DVMS to enjoy a great game of multi-ball, multi-goalie, indoor soccer. Exercise and physical activity is essential to children’s learning and development. A good bout of running and sweating allows children to experience greater degrees of concentration when they move back into more academic-type activities.\nAs we move to the end of the year, we also make time to do some assessment in order to determine what skills and activities the children have mastered and which need a little more work. As you know, there are no tests or grades in Montessori, and Dylan assesses the children by having them engage in various challenges — fun, group games that allow children to demonstrate what they know and what they can do without realizing that they are being assessed. Keeping education stress- and anxiety-free for children is such an important part of ensuring children develop and maintain a lifelong love of learning.", "summary": "The staff described recent activities at their Montessori classroom, including a children's design of a grocery store with a moving sidewalk, which they classified as an innovation; a bird‑and‑fish parts worksheet that combines animal interest, pencil control, biological terminology, and labeling practice; use of the Montessori movable alphabet for constructing nouns and word‑building games; outdoor work in the garden and indoor multi‑ball soccer for physical development; and informal assessments through group challenges to gauge skill mastery without formal tests or grades."}
{"id": "5b22b69909aa991d608ba9fa21733dd94ed33b7596f95425dc4816d5d8041396", "source": "As a temperature sensor, thermocouple assembly is usually used with display instruments, recording instruments and signal conditioners.Specification:1. Thermocouple temperature range chart\n2. Thermowell application temperature range chart\n3. Thermowell installing form (unit: mm)4. Selection chart\n5. Thermocouple assembly installation diagramTips: Troubleshooting for thermocouple secondary treatmentSecondary instrument is to compare the introduced millivolt voltage signal with temperature and compensate temperature of the cold side of thermocouple. If model of thermocouple selected in the secondary instrument configuration is not consistent with that of the field, temperature measured through conversion will have errors. If environment temperature measured by temperature measurement thermistor of secondary instrument is not accurate, field temperature through conversion will also have errors. In addition, if secondary instrument is a temperature transmitter which outputs current, temperature range of the output current signals should be consistent with the displayed configuration in the control room.", "summary": "The document outlines the use of thermocouple assemblies as temperature sensors with display, recording, and signal‑conditioning instruments, providing specification charts for thermocouple temperature ranges, thermowell application ranges, installation dimensions, selection guidance, and installation diagrams. It also offers troubleshooting advice for secondary treatment, noting that mismatches between the thermocouple model in the secondary instrument and the field device, inaccurate temperature readings from the secondary instrument's thermistor, or inconsistent output current ranges can cause measurement errors."}
{"id": "5b30c29672dc94d46d9bce81fb62690f8d4a49abe6d15310c176e282ceae979a", "source": "I’m struggling a bit to teach my children to pack for themselves. I want them to learn how to be self-reliant, but I also want to make sure they have everything they need for the day. If I don’t triple check every detail, they’re likely to be fully prepared for snack time but missing important papers or sports equipment. What’s the right thing to do?\nYour desire to raise self-reliant children is fantastic. But there’s no doubt that passing the baton can be tough. The first question has to be: how old are your children? A good general rule of thumb is, if they’re old enough to read, they’re old enough to pack their own bags. Assuming your little ones are old enough, the most effective thing to do is give them some time frame to take complete responsibility for getting themselves ready, ask questions to help prompt them if you think they aren’t paying attention to something crucial, and most importantly, when things aren’t crucial (e.g. do they have the right uniform packed), letting them fail. Nothing teaches quite like experience. As you let go of the reigns a bit, here are some more ideas to guide you.\n• Planning Starts the Night Before. Mornings are not the right time to teach your children how to pack themselves. You’re rushed, and they’re often bleary-eyed and grumpy. The ideal time to sit down with them, explain what you are trying to accomplish, and get them to start preparing for the next day is after homework but before TV time. That way you have time to ask them questions and offer un-stressed help in the initial stages. This is a process that will take time and spending time in the evenings helping them learn how to become responsible for themselves is time well spent.\n• Explain as You Go. You need to develop a checklist with them and then go through the items. Don’t criticize or watch over the task being done. Accept that the task will not be done exactly the way you would do it but recognize that as long as it is accomplished and done on time, that it is okay. In the beginning, be prepared to patiently ask and answer a lot of questions! Why do emergency numbers need to be in the backpacks? Because you might need to call someone. Why does lunch have to be prepared? So that mom knows they are eating healthy and, besides, too much sugar will make them feel bad, Why do you keep asking about permission slips or projects that need to go with them? Because it’s important they do not miss out on something the rest of the class is doing. This is just a primer but you get the idea.\n• Provide Feedback. Once the task has been completed, give constructive feedback to the person. As a guideline, tell your son or daughter five great things about the job for every one criticism. If after some time you notice they are consistently sloppy or forgetful, be patient but firm and make sure there are consequences for actions.", "summary": "The advice suggests teaching children to pack their own bags by starting the planning the night before, creating a checklist together, and allowing them to take responsibility while offering prompts and constructive feedback; parents should let children experience minor failures, give balanced praise, and apply consistent consequences if forgetfulness persists, tailoring the approach to the child's reading ability and age."}
{"id": "5e1aef735cb71fb1dde7a729d0eaede5455570dbf09d5f1e269d10348726afd4", "source": "*This post was sponsored by EEME. All opinions are mine.\nSTEM is the a buzzword in education. Our society is pushing Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics to the forefront. Take a look around our ever-changing, technology driven world and you’ll quickly understand why.\nI created The Homeschool Scientist because I noticed that while traditional schools and society in general was embracing STEM education, not all homeschool families were. It was not the they didn’t want to. It was because many home educators felt inadequate to teach science to their children, or they were just plain scared of it.\nThat led to the mission of The Homeschool Scientist: to equip and encourage homeschool parents by taking the fear out of and putting the fun into science education.\nI strive to accomplish this mission by giving you resources that make teaching STEM easy and fun for all involved. On any given day, I might share experiments, lessons, products, curriculum, or encouragement. Hopefully, you can find something that can help you!\nElectronics STEM Curriculum\nWhile the basics of science can be taught with traditional curriculum. I have found that more technical STEM subjects like engineering, electronics, and physics need to be hands-on. These disciplines are tough to teach without experience in that area.\nWhen my daughter expressed interest in electronics, I became that nervous parent. Electronics is not in my wheel house. It was time to seek outside help. That search led us to one of our best STEM curriculum finds yet.\nEEME is a company that seeks to make electronics easy and fun for kids to learn about. They do this through hands-on electronics kits and great online video lessons. When you subscribe to their service, you receive a box of supplies once a month to complete a project.\nThese are not quick, slap-it-together, and go about your business projects. Each project has a corresponding, in depth video lesson complete with quizzes and reviews. The lessons are broken up into sections and may take several hours to complete. My kids usually spread their project out over several days.\nEach new project kit builds on the knowledge they gained in the previous kit. Put all the kits together over the course of a school year and you have an electronics STEM curriculum! Your kids will have a great base knowledge of how electronics work.\nFREE Electronics Lessons\nFollow EEME on social media:", "summary": "The author, a homeschool parent, created The Homeschool Scientist to help other homeschool families overcome fear of teaching science by providing easy, fun STEM resources, including experiments, lessons, and product recommendations. Highlighting the need for hands‑on learning in engineering, electronics, and physics, they endorse EEME’s subscription service, which delivers monthly electronics kits with detailed video lessons, quizzes, and progressive projects that together form a comprehensive electronics curriculum for children."}
{"id": "5ec568327ccb17dd67c5973de0d8117743303867e635e62df67f37f9e621d1cf", "source": "If so, you are not alone. Over 25 million North Americans suffer from dry mouth. And it’s not just the discomfort of dry mouth (called “xerostomia” by dentists) that is the problem; it is often accompanied by trouble chewing and swallowing, difficulty in speaking, a rise in dental cavities and gum disease, and most noticeably to some, bad breath. If people act like there is a fire drill taking place every time you open your mouth, this could be the culprit!\nSo why do so many of us have what is often referred to as “cottonmouth?”\nAccording to The Food and Drug Administration, over 400 medications, both prescription and over-the-counter, can lead to dry mouth. It’s also caused by mouth breathing, dehydration (drink your water!!), and lack of salivary flow due to aging. In rare instances, dry mouth may be caused by an underlying serious disease – so it is not something to take lightly.\nOf course our good old friends (actually enemies) – excessive alcohol consumption and smoking are among the leading causes of this problem, so if you need another reason to put away the cigarettes for good and cut down on alcohol use, now is a great time!\nThere are several things you can do to help reduce the symptoms of dry mouth, including:\n- Chewing a sugar-free gum containing Xylitol\n- Drinking plenty of water\n- Breathing through your nose instead of your mouth (easier said than done!)\n- Frequent brushing and rinsing with a fluoride toothpaste and mouth rinse\n- Using a room vaporizer to humidify the air in your home\n- Using an over-the-counter saliva substitute", "summary": "Over 25 million North Americans experience xerostomia, or dry mouth, which can cause chewing, swallowing, speaking difficulties, increased cavities, gum disease, and bad breath. The FDA reports that more than 400 prescription and over‑the‑counter drugs can cause it, alongside mouth breathing, dehydration, aging‑related reduced salivary flow, and, rarely, serious underlying disease. Excessive alcohol and smoking are also major contributors. Remedies include chewing sugar‑free xylitol gum, staying well‑hydrated, nasal breathing, regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste, using a mouth rinse, humidifying indoor air, and employing over‑the‑counter saliva substitutes."}
{"id": "6243d32b532e1ce59531f5ed373d0ea02d5ac69c65083c25e008a6293a13f26c", "source": "Programming and coding can be considered as one of the major raw forces of today’s tech-driven digital world. All kinds of software applications or tools are filled with programming languages that programmers code. As technology and innovation are the game-maker now, the demand for coding and programming skills is constantly growing.\nNow that you have decided to learn to code or want to know how to easily be a programmer, let’s skip the part on why you should learn programming and coding. Learning to code is a consistent approach. And of course, the academic process of learning anything is the best and biggest path. But still, many of us want to learn coding in a non-institutional way. Thanks to the developers, there are some really good apps and platforms by which you can learn coding in a personalized process. Here we have showcased some of the best programming and coding apps that will help you to learn coding right on your desktop or smartphone.\n10 Best Apps for Learning Coding:\nSoloLearn has three learning modes on it — Beginner, Intermediate, and Advanced. So whether you have any prior knowledge about coding or not, you can learn from any stage here. In any course, the chapters are divided into lessons with different quizzes each. And, there’s a separate quiz part at the end of each chapter that learners have to pass to go to the next. Moreover, it has an entire section called the code playground with a lot of quizzes and activities to practice coding. SoloLearn also provides monthly and yearly subscription plans for premium features like certification.\nProgramming Hub was developed together with experts from Google. It has very well-designed courses along with a collection of 5000 programs (code examples). There’s also a strong built-in compiler for practice anytime. Programming Hub provides verifiable and shareable e-certificate after completing any of the courses. Both free and premium versions of Programming Hub are available.\nCode Hub is a simple, easy-to-use code learning app with quick and efficient approaches. This free and lightweight coding app is available only for Android devices. The app consists of 50 lessons across 4 chapters and covers Web Fundamentals, HTML, and CSS. Thus, it is a good choice for those who want to learn to code for web development. Moreover, the curriculum of each course here is designed step by step and for all types of learners. So whether you are a beginner, designer, or developer, it will be useful in your coding adventure. The courses of Code Hub also include examples and provide videos for easy understanding. There exists a floating button within the app for asking questions. If you have any doubt while learning, you can leave a message instantly using it.\nTo learn coding is a matter of passion, practice, and patience. All these apps will be a great help as long as you are motivated about programming and coding.\nWebsites of the respective apps.\nAnaet Ullah Biswas\nStudent | Business Administration,\nMawlana Bhashani Science & Technology University.\nthanks for info", "summary": "The document lists several mobile and desktop applications for learning programming without formal education, describing their features and target audiences. SoloLearn offers beginner to advanced courses with quizzes, a code playground, and subscription-based certifications. Programming Hub, created with Google experts, provides well-designed courses, 5,000 code examples, a built-in compiler, and e‑certificates in free and premium versions. Code Hub, a free Android app, includes 50 lessons on web fundamentals, HTML, and CSS, with step‑by‑step curricula, videos, examples, and an in‑app question button. The author emphasizes that motivation, practice, and patience are essential for learning coding."}
{"id": "62533b940e0ce5d0d8175573f1721e157b492697da9d779f5afbe1331d59db38", "source": "Gerda Taro: 3 Fascinating Books on the Life of the Anti-Fascist Heroine\nShe was the first female photojournalist to die in war.\nGerda Taro, also known as the “little red fox,” was a renowned photojournalist known for her documentation of the Spanish Civil War. To honor the occasion of what would have been her 108th birthday, Google dedicated a Google Doodle to the pioneering photographer. But there’s much more to Taro than can be captured in a photograph, and her story is documented in several riveting reads.\nBorn Gerta Pohorylle in Stuttgart, Germany in 1910, Taro was a photographer who moved to France not long after Hitler rose to power in Germany. Her career proved short — she died in 1937 at age 26 — but she used that time well, as she is now considered among the world’s best war photographers for her uncanny ability to capture conflict. They say a picture is worth a thousand words, and Taro took countless pictures that helped illuminate the Spanish Civil War.\nTaro’s life is outlined in several books, but three recent reads about the inspirational photojournalist are particularly useful in understanding her work and life: Gerda Taro: Inventing Robert Capa by Jane Rogoyska; Gerda Taro by Irme Schaber; and Out of the Shadows: A Life of Gerda Taro by François Maspero.\nGerda Taro: Inventing Robert Capa\nThis particular book about Taro takes an especially close look at the professional and romantic relationship between Taro and Robert Capa (née André Friedmann), whom she met in Paris in 1934. Capa left Hungary for Paris as a result of his anti-fascist activism, and Taro had escaped Nazi Germany. After meeting, the two would go on to change their names to avoid anti-Semitism.\nMany of Taro’s photographs were erroneously credited to Capa. But when a suitcase full of photographs from the Spanish Civil War were discovered in 2007, historians realized that many of them were taken by Taro and photographer David Seymour (also known as “Chim”) rather than just Capa, The Independent reported in 2013.\nThe book was published in 2007 and captures the timelessness of Taro’s impressive body of work.\nOut of the Shadows: A Life of Gerda Taro\nOut of the Shadows: A Life of Gerda Taro is not just a collection of Taro’s photographs, as fascinating as they are, but also offers a closer look at her life and pioneering photojournalist.", "summary": "Gerda Taro, born Gerta Pohorylle in 1910, was a pioneering photojournalist who documented the Spanish Civil War and became the first female war photographer to die in combat at age 26. Three recent books explore her life and work: Jane Rogoyska's *Gerda Taro: Inventing Robert Capa* examines her professional and romantic partnership with Robert Capa and the misattribution of many of her photos; Irme Schaber's *Gerda Taro* provides a biography; and François Maspero's *Out of the Shadows: A Life of Gerda Taro* combines her photographs with a detailed look at her personal history."}
{"id": "6493117775862c563c8b9d6332c877a2bb742a912d2b747e05d0abf4f89386c2", "source": "Credit Card Balance is the amount of money that a credit card user owes to the credit card issuer. A new credit card balance sometimes takes up to 24 hours for updation, post payment processing. The time taken for updation depends mostly on the credit card company and the payment method used by the credit card user.\nBalance can be:\n|Positive||Some Payment is still due to be cleared|\n|Negative||Payment has been made in excess i.e. greater than the due balance|\n|Zero||All dues are clear and no outstanding is there.|\nA breakdown of Credit Card Balance\nThe best way to credit management is a zero credit card balance. As it helps to avoid higher interest rates that come along with a positive balance. In case you are having a positive balance, then pay in excess in regards to the minimum monthly payment, thereby making yourself eligible for less interest amount that you owe to the credit card company.\nA credit card balance is the amount that one owes to the credit card company, based on the unpaid purchases. Balance includes:\n- Recent purchases\n- Unpaid balance\n- Interest charges\n- Annual fees &\n- Any other fees : Late payment fees or Inactivity fees.\nNote: Every new purchase one makes is added to the balance and proportionally reduces the available balance for consumption.\nHow it reflects on Credit Score?\nCredit card usage in principle is using the credit card company’s money to make purchases. Moreover, cardholders pay for current purchases in the future.\nThe basic working concept behind the calculation of a credit card balance is:\n- Determination of the report date\n- Date an account is reported to the credit card agency &\n- Payment of bills prior to the report date\nAll this contributes to a good credit score.\nCredit card balance is something that is very crucial to creating a good credit score. And clearing the dues in time or before the grace period expires plays an important role in the process.\nRead More: Credit Card Expiration Date Finder", "summary": "A credit card balance is the amount a user owes to the issuer, including recent purchases, unpaid balances, interest, annual fees, and other charges; it can be positive (amount due), negative (overpayment), or zero (no dues). Updates after payment may take up to 24 hours, varying by issuer and payment method. Maintaining a zero balance helps avoid higher interest, and paying more than the minimum before the reporting date can improve credit scores, as timely payments and low balances are key factors in credit reporting."}
{"id": "65576fa78113e9157dcee7bef5e2801341972e4ef9e49d9e2c2d1d4d46a9a912", "source": "Table of contents[MISSING: System.API.no-headers]\nOther than the aesthetically pleasing benefits of a well decorated aquarium as explained in the section decorating your aquarium there are many benefits other benefits to growing and maintaining aquatic plants within your aquarium. A prime example as to why it is beneficial to grow your own aquatic plants is by maintaining the plants you are also providing your fish with a healthy, balanced environment. An article by Home Aquaria perfectly explains the four benefits as to why decorating your aquarium is the best option.\nNow thoroughly convinced that acquatic plants are key feature for any fledgling aquarist you will find below some key points to remember when growing your own aquatic plants.\nCorrect lighting is paramount for the health and growth of all aquarium plants which absorbs the carbon-dioxide gases the fish breathes out.\nIf there is too much light this will cause the appearance and growth of algae, and depending on the type of algae will turn the water within the aquarium green due to algae overgrowth. This can be hazardous for all the inhabitants of your aquarium. Too little lighting in an aquarium will result in living aquatic plants to die resulting in less absorption of carbon-dioxide gases produced by your aquariums inhabitants.\nGH and PH\nThe substratum refers to the material that is used on the bottom of your aquarium in which the roots of your aquatic plants will hook to, take in nutrients and grow. Other than a decorative piece for your aquarium having a substrastum has other benefits such as storing and supplying vital nutrients and minerals alongside being a home to beneficial bacteria. The type of substratum used should be taken into consideration, and is dependent on the water paraments of your aquarium; specifically freshwater or saltwater.", "summary": "The text explains that aquatic plants improve aquarium aesthetics and provide a healthier environment for fish by absorbing carbon dioxide, but proper lighting is crucial: excessive light promotes algae growth, while insufficient light can kill plants. It also notes that the substrate, which supports plant roots, supplies nutrients and hosts beneficial bacteria, and its choice should match the aquarium's water parameters (freshwater or saltwater)."}
{"id": "65b9a6d6e15aaf7fe0987e63026742fa8017df7fdb257d41f58772cea054a128", "source": "Witnesses are examined in three stages. They are\n- Examination – in- chief,\n- Cross- examination and\n- Re- examination.\nAt this stage the lawyer are entitled to put such questions which are relevant to the fact in issue. They can not put leading question. Questions, which suggest answers, are regarded as leading questions, whose usual answer would be in yes or no form. However leading question may be asked in the following two situations as\n- Where the subject matter is beyond controversy and\n- where the subject matters has already been proved in the court.\nWitnesses vary in nature. Some may be talkative; others shy; lawyers must use their skill to bring out facts from the witness, which are relevant and important to their case. The must control talkative witness, while encourage to speak shy – witness.\nCross- examination starts after the completion of examination in chief and opponent lawyer has right to cross –examination. At this stage he/she is as liberty to put leading question to the witness. His/her questions may have been designed to test the veracity, credibility and accuracy of the statement deposited by the witness. Exposing his/her bad character may impeach the witness. It is one of the grounds to discredit the witness. Witness may be discredited by showing relationship between him/her and the litigant, by showing his/her interest in between him/her and litigant in the subject matter of case. He/she may be contradicted by presenting statement made by him/her or some other occasion. Cross-examination is double edged weapon which should be wailed with great caution. It is one of the most crucial part of the examination of the witness which may affect the out come of the case. According to Philip Wendel, it is double-edged weapon, if you know to wield, it helps to cut enemy’s neck. Otherwise, it cuts one’s own hand. When a witness is cross-examined, he/she may be asked any question which tends:\nto testify his/her veracity (correctness)\nto discover, who he/she is and what is his/her position and\nto shakes his/her moral character\nAfter the completion of cross-examination the first presenting party has right to reexamination but he/she can not ask questions on new subject matter. He/she must be limited to the impact of cross-examination. He/she should try to make thinks correct which has been distorted in cross-examination. He/she can not ask leading question in re-examination except in the following situations;\nIf not objected by the adverse party or\nWith the permission of the court or\nAlready sufficiently proved matter (undisputed)\nThe other adverse party may further re-cross examine the witness.\nTop comments (0)", "summary": "The document outlines the three stages of witness testimony—examination-in-chief, cross‑examination, and re‑examination—detailing the rules for questioning. During examination‑in‑chief, lawyers may ask relevant but not leading questions, except when the matter is undisputed or already proven. In cross‑examination, leading questions are permitted to test credibility, character, and bias, and to expose inconsistencies. Re‑examination allows the original party to clarify distortions from cross‑examination without introducing new topics, and leading questions are only allowed with no objection, court permission, or on undisputed facts."}
{"id": "65cd643ac6b2c52d46fddbea18c02f92f651af033a88ed8e4a926fd47c1ca313", "source": "Power, Energy and Transportation (P.E.T.) lab provides a hands on environment that prepares students for exciting careers in today's cutting edge power, energy, and transportation fields. Access to micro-turbines, wind turbines, solar panels, and engine and chassis dynamometers provide faculty and students with the tools necessary to develop award winning projects such as the Solar Eagle and the Supermileage vehicle. This world class learning environment also allows faculty and students to learn about electric, hybrid, and alternative fuel vehicles, as well as power generation, distribution, and utilization. The efforts of key faculty and students will bring a hydrogen fueling station in the near future to meet the demands of hydrogen powered vehicles in Southern California.\nSolar Panel Project\nOn July 27, Cal State L.A. activated a new photovoltaic (PV) system of 77 solar panels installed on campus, collecting the sun’s power and actively converting that energy to electricity to offset the energy consumption of CSULA’s Engineering and Technology building where the solar panels are mounted. View real-time data regarding the solar energy generated by the project here.\nView Solar Panel Project press release", "summary": "The Power, Energy and Transportation (P.E.T.) lab at Cal State L.A. offers hands‑on training with micro‑turbines, wind turbines, solar panels, and vehicle dynamometers, enabling projects like the Solar Eagle, Supermileage vehicle, and a planned hydrogen fueling station for Southern California. On July 27, the university activated a 77‑panel photovoltaic system on the Engineering and Technology building to generate electricity and offset its energy use, with real‑time output data available online."}
{"id": "68d15648950ee0dfcca1f4fabe01eef1f3d55c2035aa69cd26c1cba6672ae439", "source": "The Streets of Grand Forks\nGrand Forks was one of the first cities in North Dakota with paved streets. Fueled by high wheat prices and expanded production of the so-called “Second Boom” in North Dakota, communities like Grand Forks had the resources to provide improved amenities for their populations in the first decades of the 20th century. They paved the streets with a material called Granitoid which is apparently a kind of concrete that uses Granite as an aggregate and stamped it with a cobble-stone like pattern. Today there is a vigorous campaign to preserve sections of this granitoid pavement. (More on this next week!)\nPrior to the use of grantitoid, the streets of Grand Forks were paved with wood blocks some of which must have remained in use until the mid-20th century. Very little of this wood paving remains. Apparently during Grand Forks’ frequent flood sections of it would simply float away! There is a one good example of it, however, located on the west side of the Grand Forks Community Church (formerly, I believe the Presbyterian Church). The blocks were placed in a sand bedding vertically (rather than horizontally as in medieval corduroy roads) creating a kind of wood cobble.\nI’ve created a Google Earth .kmz file so you can see this pavement’s location and embedded these photographs in it as well. You can download it here and view it in Google Earth.", "summary": "Grand Forks was among the first North Dakota cities to pave its streets, using a concrete called Granitoid—granite aggregate stamped with a cobblestone pattern—during the early 20th‑century “Second Boom” driven by high wheat prices. A current preservation effort seeks to protect remaining Granitoid sections. Earlier streets were paved with wood blocks, many lost to floods, though one example remains near the former Presbyterian (now Community) Church, where the blocks were set vertically in sand. A Google Earth .kmz file with photos of this wood pavement is available for download."}
{"id": "69f5adaf109100a2d3977bea52a7d6c69eba21949377b21dd624c92b5d169a9c", "source": "Many people have hobbies which they truly enjoy. Whether they like to play competitive sports or video games, nothing compares to those who enjoy the activity of woodworking. In fact, just by utilizing the tips below, you can start to benefit from all the rewards this hobby will bring to your life.\nAlways make safety first with a woodworking project. Be certain you always have the right safety equipment, and use your tools properly. Don’t take guards off the power tools. Nasty injuries are no way to end a woodworking project.\nDon’t neglect sanding your wood. Sanding may be tedious, but the quality of your workmanship will suffer if you leave the scrapes and nicks where they are. Not to mention, those scratches and nicks absorb more stain and paint, making them stand out more, and making your work look shoddy.\nNever use your fingers when guiding the cut of a slim piece of wood. Rather, make use of a longer, thinner piece of wood that can push it along the saw’s surface. This will assure you keep your fingers.\nIt is essential for you to have sharpened tools if you plan on working with wood. Dull tools can be dangerous since they are more prone to slippage. If you have no idea how to hone and sharpen your tools, you will need to learn how since there won’t always be someone around to do it for you.\nUse some affordable filters for collecting fine dust. The filters and micro-filtering bags made to catch this dust can get pricy after several replacements. Try using the ones that are sold for use in household vacuums.\nYou can buy the cheap ones and easily modify them to fit your shop vacuum. Cut off the top a bit past the small opening. Turn the whole thing inside out so that airflow still flows in the usual direction. Slip it over your foam filter using the retaining ring to keep it in place.\nWhen you are tackling the sanding portion of your woodworking project be sure that you are using the best type of sandpaper. There are many different types available, and using the wrong type can lead to your project being ruined. If you are not sure you are using the right type you can find the correct information online with the click of a few buttons.\nYou can prevent glue stains by placing masking tape along the joints of wood being adhered. First, tape the wood together along the joint, then use an Exacto knife to cut through the tape at the joint line. Following this, glue the pieces of wood together and clamp them. Just before the glue has dried completely, you can peel the tape off.\nWe’ve written this article in order to give you some helpful hints which will make your woodworking projects more successful than ever. As long as you follow them one by one, you are sure to gain benefit from each. When you finish your next project with ease, you’ll be so glad you took the time to read this article.…", "summary": "The article offers practical woodworking advice, emphasizing safety by using proper protective gear and keeping tool guards on, and recommending the use of push sticks instead of fingers for guiding thin cuts. It stresses the importance of sharp tools to prevent slippage, thorough sanding to avoid surface defects, and selecting appropriate sandpaper. The author suggests affordable dust collection methods using modified household vacuum filters, and advises applying masking tape and an Exacto knife to prevent glue stains at joints. Following these tips is presented as a way to improve project outcomes."}
{"id": "6a4f40ee6ef1640143d442a633011cb6269e98db21e10f56a06b7967e17024e5", "source": "When you go to the tap to get a glass of water, the last thing you want to experience is water that smells like eggs when you take a sip. To be more specific, what you may find is a rotten egg odor. If this happens, aside from the unpleasant sensation, the first thing you will probably want to know is whether this is dangerous for you and your family. And of course you’ll be wondering about what causes this condition and how you can remedy it. Sometimes the rotten egg odor may be more noticeable when you first turn on the tap, or it could happen only when you use the hot water.\nSo let’s address all of these questions that you have when you find that your water smells like eggs.\nWhat Causes Water to Smell Like Eggs?\nRotten eggs smell like sulfur, and that’s the root cause of this condition — hydrogen sulfide gas. Sulfate-reducing bacteria convert sulfate and other compounds into hydrogen sulfide gas.\nWater heaters are one cause of this unpleasant odor. The warm environment is conducive to the growth of the sulfate-reducing bacteria that cause this odor. A reaction is caused by the magnesium anode and this creates the smell that you’re experiencing.\nIf it isn’t the water heater, it could be the water supply itself. It can come from decaying organic matter or other conditions within the soil and rock.\nIs it Safe to Drink Water That Smells Like Eggs?\nIf you don’t find the odor too objectionable and you can still drink it, this is a good indication that the sulfur levels are low enough that there is no danger posed. If the sulfur levels were dangerous, the sulfur/rotten egg odor would be so overpowering that you would not find the water to be drinkable. It would be much too unpleasant to even attempt to drink.\nOne issue even with lower levels is metal corrosion, however. Iron, steel, copper, and brass can become corroded, silver can tarnish, and copper and brass utensils can become discolored due to water that contains sulfur.\nWhat Can You Do About Water That Smells Like Eggs?\nThere are some remedies for this condition.\nYou can use carbon filters if the sulfur levels are relatively low. The filter simply absorbs the problematic particles, and from time to time you’ll need to change the filter when it becomes too full of hydrogen sulfide and cannot absorb any more. Higher hydrogen sulfide content in your water means that you’ll have to change the carbon filter more often. Here’s an example of the type of filter that can improve your water’s odor and taste.\nYou can also use an aeration system. In an aeration system, oxygen combines with the hydrogen sulfide and this dissolves the sulfur into sulfate, which has no odor and should not be noticeable. The increased oxygen saturation will give your water a cleaner taste. When looking for a water aeration system, make sure you select one that is designed specifically to treat sulfur.\nFinally, you can use chlorination to remedy the situation. Chlorine reacts with the hydrogen sulfide and creates odorless and tasteless water. Adding household bleach in small amounts can remove the sulfur smell from your water supply, although you’ll find that there is a yellow film that comes from the particles that remain. This film can show up on your clothing and fixtures unless you use a sand filter or an aggregate filter to treat this issue.\nFinding a rotten egg smell in your water is not pleasant, but in most cases this isn’t a safety issue. There are treatment options available that can be very effective in improving your water’s taste and odor.\nPhoto by fbroschart", "summary": "The document explains that a rotten‑egg smell in tap water is caused by hydrogen sulfide gas produced by sulfate‑reducing bacteria, often proliferating in water heaters or originating from the water source itself. Low levels of sulfur are generally not dangerous to drink, though they can cause metal corrosion and tarnishing. Remedies include installing carbon filters, aeration systems that convert hydrogen sulfide to odorless sulfate, or chlorination (e.g., small amounts of bleach) possibly combined with sand or aggregate filtration to remove residual particles."}
{"id": "6a5c332476010524de8736a865edc4e4171e8fda6213b7175f042d2e6532c806", "source": "Pill Treatment Could Replace Tonsil-Removal Surgery\nRoughly three percent of all children suffer from sleep apnea, a disorder characterized by abnormal pauses in breathing or instances of abnormally low breathing during sleep, according to Israel’s Soroka Medical Center. The most common cause for this medical condition is inflamed tonsils and/or adenoids (third tonsil) and can lead to extreme fatigue, lack of alertness and memory or behavioral problems.\nThis condition is often treated with surgical procedures, such as tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy. However, these procedures are invasive and children who undergo them can sometimes suffer symptoms of dehydration, infection and bleeding.\n- Surprise! Eating Fatty Foods May Actually Lead To Weight Loss\n- Mobee: The Easy Cellphone Made For Kids\nA new study conducted at the Soroka Medical Center in Be’er Sheva tested an alternative: pill treatment. During the study, led by Pediatrician Dr. Aviv Goldbert, 50 children suffering from the condition were given pills. Half of the children were given Montelukast, a drug used to treat asthma and to relieve symptoms of seasonal allergies, and the other half, the control group, were given placebos.\nOver the course of four months, the children were given a pill every night before going to sleep. Results showed that in those children who took Montelukast symptoms were reduced, sleep-lab results improved and air ways were expanded.\n“This research presents an additional, and important, layer in the ongoing research on the importance of the inflammatory process in children with breathing disorders”, says Goldbert, “when approved for such use, (Montelukast) will be an effective treatment for children whose conditions are not so severe and cannot undergo surgery.”\nThe research which was conducted by Goldbert, Dr. Sherry Greenberg and Prof. Asher Tal was published in the prestigious Pediatrics journal. The journal’s editor called the Israeli research “eye opening.”\nPhoto by Dave Kekish", "summary": "A study at Israel’s Soroka Medical Center investigated using the asthma drug Montelukast as a non‑surgical treatment for pediatric sleep apnea caused by inflamed tonsils or adenoids. Fifty children were enrolled; half received Montelukast nightly for four months, while the other half received placebos. Children on Montelukast showed reduced symptoms, improved sleep‑lab measurements, and expanded airways, suggesting the drug could help less severe cases avoid tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy. The findings were reported by Dr. Aviv Goldbert and colleagues in Pediatrics."}
{"id": "6b9122916adfa52b4f2147c32a772ac43d6b7b714b0a8a4ef4a8a1a1a6125fd1", "source": "An asteroid that recently passed by Earth is about twice as large as originally estimated, and it would have had serious global consequences if it had impacted Earth.\nAsteroid 2012 LZ1 was only discovered on June 10, 2012 by Rob McNaught at the Siding Spring Observatory in Australia. This Near Earth Object was thought to be fairly large, 502 meters (1,650 feet) wide, and quite bright. But astronomers using the planetary radar system at Arecibo Observatory were able to better determine the asteroid’s size, rotation rate and shape and found it to be about 1 kilometer (0.6 miles) wide and actually quite dark.\n“This object turned out to be quite a bit bigger than we expected, said Dr. Ellen Howell from Arecibo, “which shows how important radar observations can be, because we’re still learning a lot about the population of asteroids.”\n2012 LZ1 sneaked by our planet at about 5.3 million km (3.35 million) miles away, or about 14 times the distance between Earth and the Moon on June 14, and it won’t be back in Earth’s vicinity again until June 12th, 2053, and then will be about 3 times as distant.\nThe Arecibo astronomers have determined it won’t be a threat to Earth for at least 750 years.\n“The sensitivity of our radar has permitted us to measure this asteroid’s properties and determine that it will not impact the Earth at least in the next 750 years,” said Dr. Mike Nolan, Director of Planetary Radar Sciences at the Arecibo Observatory.\nSeveral amateur astronomers were able to image 2012 LZ1, and the original thinking was that it was very bright. Instead, the new size determination suggests that 2012 LZ1 must be quite dark, reflecting only 2-4% of the light that hits it.\nThis is another reminder that we don’t know everything about all the potential asteroid threats that are out there, and more searches need to be done to find and track as many of the near Earth asteroid population as possible. Asteroid 2012 LZ1 has been classified as a Potentially Hazardous Asteroid, which are asteroids larger than approximately 100 meters that can come closer to our planet than 0.05 AU (7.4 million km, 4.65 million miles). As of now, none of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, but both amateur and professional astronomers are finding new ones all the time, sometimes with just a few hours’ notice of a close approach.", "summary": "Asteroid 2012 LZ1, discovered on June 10, 2012, was initially estimated at about 502 m in diameter but radar observations at Arecibo later measured it to be roughly 1 km wide and very dark, reflecting only 2‑4% of incoming light. It passed Earth at 5.3 million km on June 14, 2012—about 14 lunar distances—and is not expected to pose any impact risk for at least the next 750 years, with its next close approach in 2053 at a greater distance. The case highlights the importance of radar studies and continued monitoring of potentially hazardous asteroids."}
{"id": "6bac8c5560f00aca7afd64e208e309d168ab1d53ef62e385f0703fce11fec07a", "source": "Wyoming gets its name from the Algonquin words for \"land of vast plains.\" After the Union Pacific Railroad reached the town of Cheyenne, the capital, in 1867, the population began to grow steadily in the Wyoming Territory, established in 1868. Wyoming was admitted as the 44th state in 1890. The constitution of the \"Equality State\" was the first in the world to grant voting rights to women. Wyoming was also the first state to elect a woman governor. People are spread out across the state in small farming and ranching towns, and millions of visitors come to enjoy the Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks each year. The state flower has the poetic name of Indian paintbrush. Wyoming is the smallest state in the Union in population.", "summary": "Wyoming, named from Algonquin words meaning \"land of vast plains,\" became a U.S. territory in 1868 after the Union Pacific reached Cheyenne in 1867 and was admitted as the 44th state in 1890. Its constitution was the first worldwide to grant women voting rights, and it later elected the first female governor. The state is sparsely populated, with residents in small farming and ranching towns, while millions of visitors annually attend Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks; its state flower is the Indian paintbrush."}
{"id": "6bc70b17da77046ef11df873ed876de8ab2a525c4135dbe401249a86f90bf04b", "source": "Govardhan Puja, also called Annakut (meaning a heap of grain) [clarification needed], is celebrated as the day Krishna defeated Indra by lifting the Govardhan hill. It is the fourth day of Deepawali (Diwali), the Hindu festival of lights. The day is celebrated on the first lunar day of Shukla Paksha (bright fortnight) in the Hindu calendar month of Kartik.\nAccording to legends, Lord Krishna taught people to worship the Supreme Controller of nature, God, specifically Govardhan, as Govardhan is a manifestation of Krishna, and to stop worshiping the God of Rains, Lord Indra. For Annakut a mountain of food is decorated symbolizing Govardhan mountain said to be lifted by Lord Krishna to save the people from the wrath of Lord Indra, the demigod in charge of rain. This pooja is performed with great zeal and enthusiasm and in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. In Haryana, there is a tradition of building cow dung hillocks, which symbolize the Mount Govardhan, the mountain which was once lifted by Lord Krishna. After making such hillocks people decorate them with flowers and then worship them. They move in a circle all round the cow dung hillocks and offer prayers to Lord Govardhan.\nDetermination of Date\nKartik Shukla Pratipada covering 3.5 Praharas is considered as the best Muhurat for Govardhan Puja. If the same situation continues for two days then second day is considered the day of celebration of this Puja but if the above situation is missing from both days then also Govardhan Puja is observed on Secon day only.\nHow to Celebrate\nGovardhan Puja forms an important part of the celebrations of Diwali.\nIn Maharashtra it is celebrated as Padva or BaliPratipada. The day commemorates King Bali. Men present gifts to their wives on this day.\nIn Haryana, Gujarat, it is celebrated as New Year, as Vikram Samvat starts on this day.\nIn many parts of India, Vishwakarma Puja is also celebrated on the day following Diwali, first Lunar Night of the Shukla paksha of the Hindu month of Kartik. The day, called Vishwakarma Day is marked as an official holiday for most manufacturing and primary sector units, with people taking leave from factories, schools, farms and other places of work. This day is celebrated by worshipping the tools one uses in daily life; for example, hammer, sickle, tractors etc. and has no religious boundaries.\nVishwakarma, as legend has it was a mythical architect to the Gods, and was the chief engineer of kingdoms like Dwarka of Krishna, Lanka of Kubera, and the Swarg, or Heaven of Indra. He is the patron God of architects and engineers.\nAnnakoot /Govardhan Pujan Vrat\n(For pleasing Lord Krishna and for the protection of cows) Method of Observing Fast:\nThis fast should be observed on the Shukla Pratipada of the month of Kartik. Worship Lord Krishna. Read Govardhan Pujan Vrata katha. Offer oblation and serve among devotees. Offer food and money to Brahmin.Mantra :\n\" Om Kleeng Krishnaay Govindaay Gopijan Vallabhay Swaha \"\nArti shri govardhan maharaj ki:\nshri govardhan maharaj, o maharaj, tere mathe mukut viraj raheo|\ntope pan chadhe tope ful chadhe, tope chadhe dudh ki dhar|\nteri sat kos ki parikamma, chakleshvar hai vishram|\ntere gale men kantha saj raheo, thodi pe hira lal|\ntere kanan kundal chamak raheo, teri jhanki bani vishal|\ngiriraj dharan prabhu teri sharan|", "summary": "Govardhan Puja, also known as Annakut, is observed on the fourth day of Diwali, the first lunar day of Shukla Paksha in Kartik, commemorating Krishna's lifting of Govardhan hill to protect people from Indra's wrath. Celebrations include creating a mountain of food or cow‑dung hillocks symbolizing the hill, especially in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar, with rituals of decoration, circumambulation, and prayers. The auspicious timing is Kartik Shukla Pratipada covering 3.5 Praharas, and the festival is linked to regional New Year observances and, in some areas, to Vishwakarma Puja the following day."}
{"id": "6cbe5d06967396b01bd871a4c648db4b2e6921aab66c88d35cf8e317c2e5b55c", "source": "Noun(1) a state of partial or total darkness(2) a feeling of melancholy apprehension(3) an atmosphere of depression and melancholy\n(1) After a nice, sunny weekend, we're back to June gloom .(2) When she turned, she could see nothing but her sofa in the predawn gloom .(3) I hope by the end of this article to have lightened the gloom .(4) a year of economic gloom for the car industry(5) I sense she may stray into the odd shadowy church and weep there in the candlelit gloom .(6) The only feeling she could identify was one of gloom and depression.(7) I stood near a window, gazing into the vast darkness that enveloped the island in gloom .(8) he strained his eyes peering into the gloom(9) It was born into a period of economic gloom as those who were around in the early 1980s will recall.(10) I was working by the sunlight while the rest of the room was enshrouded in darkness and gloom .(11) The hope is that this will offset the gathering gloom about prospects.(12) After the lengthy period of economic gloom in the tech sector, that's a good thing.(13) The candles had burnt away to waxy stumps and the battery in one of the lamps had died through the night leaving her side sunk into darkness and gloom .(14) his gloom deepened(15) The morale-boosting victory lifted the gloom hanging over the club amid the uncertainty surrounding its future.(16) The victory temporarily lifted the gloom surrounding the team's battle against relegation from the Premiership.\n2. despondency ::\n1. beam ::\n2. grin ::\n3. smile ::\nDifferent Formsgloom, gloomily\nEnglish to Samoan Dictionary: gloom\nMeaning and definitions of gloom, translation in Samoan language for gloom with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of gloom in Samoan and in English language.\nTags for the entry \"gloom\"\nWhat gloom means in Samoan, gloom meaning in Samoan, gloom definition, examples and pronunciation of gloom in Samoan language.", "summary": "The document is a dictionary entry for the English noun “gloom,” defining it as partial or total darkness, a feeling of melancholy or apprehension, and an atmosphere of depression. It lists numerous example sentences illustrating both literal darkness and metaphorical sadness, notes the word’s forms (gloom, gloomily), and provides a brief Samoan translation note and related tags."}
{"id": "6d0fcada34101ce2b7e254a7c27b7d07b8dddf47155620a2184602e9ad6a444b", "source": "The three-point rule\nFalling while getting into or out of heavy equipment, a truck or tractor cab, hooking up air and electrical lines, or mounting or dismounting trailers is a sure way to get seriously hurt. Even an ankle sprain can make it difficult for you to use the clutch. Minor injuries can cost you big in terms of lost income and downtime. No matter what type of access system your vehicle has available, use the THREE-POINT system to significantly reduce the chance of a slip or fall. The THREE-POINT system means three of your four limbs are in contact with the vehicle at all times-two hands and one foot, or two feet and one hand. The THREE-POINT system allows you to have maximum stability and support, thereby reducing the likelihood of slipping and falling.\n- Wear shoes with good support -- not sandals, bare feet or high heels\n- Exit and enter facing the cab\n- Slow down and use extra caution in bad weather\n- Get a firm grip on rails or handles with your hands\n- Look for obstacles on the ground below before exiting\n- Don't climb down with something in your free hand. Put it on the vehicle floor and reach up for it when you get down on the ground\n- Don't rush to climb out after a long run. Descend slowly, to avoid straining a muscle\n- Don't ever jump out. You may land off balance or on an uneven surface, and fall\n- Don't use tires or wheel hubs as a step surface\n- Don't use the doorframe or door edge as a handhold\n- Don't become an injury statistic\n- Don't get complacent\nThe only person who can prevent a fall is you!", "summary": "The document advises using a \"three‑point\" method—keeping two hands and one foot, or two feet and one hand, in contact with a vehicle—to prevent slips and falls when entering or exiting heavy equipment, trucks, or trailers. It recommends wearing supportive shoes, facing the cab, moving slowly in bad weather, gripping rails, checking for ground obstacles, avoiding carrying items in a free hand, descending slowly, not jumping, and not using tires, wheel hubs, door frames, or edges as steps or handholds, emphasizing personal responsibility for fall prevention."}
{"id": "6eddffad0341715aec289d97113b7b211b5c3ec55a3700e1c70a04b85db1c08d", "source": "Can alternative income programs save Fiji’s reef fish? By: Amy West\nIf a country’s residents, historically, didn’t fret about their coastal resources or concern themselves with starvation, what happens when those previously abundant resources start diminishing? How does a culture shift gears into thinking conservatively? There’s no question that solutions are sorely needed for Fiji’s declining reef fisheries. The debate, though, usually hinges on what needs fixing first, and how.\nMany implicate the failure of Fiji’s government to prioritize sustainable management over fisheries development projects, or suggest that Fijians’ mindsets must dramatically shift first. Similarly, people in Fiji believe that communication between rural people and the government needs improving, laws should be rewritten to tighten poaching and loopholes, or fishing should simply be curtailed. Still others contend that communities need more resources to protect their reefs. Either way this tangled web of ideas leads to no single overarching solution.\nHelen Sykes, the founder of Marine Ecology Consulting in Fiji, says the most important thing that conservation organizations and scientists need to consider when working in Fiji, or other regions that mainly depend on fish for protein, is to think like a fisheries manager first, not a preservationist.\nThis notion is echoed by Joshua Cinner, a professor at James Cook University, who specializes in the relationship between coral reefs and coastal communities.\nBy: Amy West\nMongabay Special Reporting Initiatives Fellow\nJanuary 12, 2015", "summary": "The article discusses Fiji’s declining reef fisheries and debates over solutions, noting criticism of government priorities, the need for better communication, stricter laws, and more community resources, while emphasizing that conservation efforts should adopt a fisheries‑management perspective rather than a purely preservationist approach, as advocated by marine ecologist Helen Sykes and professor Joshua Cinner."}
{"id": "6f193f82ed27061885024d83fb494e58181b67881ed06d780de92a2a6bd160df", "source": "Hardy and Littlewood were mathematician who worked together in Cambridge in the first half of the twentieth century. They had a long and harmonious mathematical collaboration based on the following rules:\n- Axiom 1: It didn’t matter whether what they wrote to each other was right or wrong.\n- Axiom 2: There was no obligation to reply, or even to read, any letter one sent to the other.\n- Axiom 3: They should not try to think about the same things.\n- Axiom 4: To avoid any quarrels, all papers would be under joint name, regardless of whether one of them had contributed nothing to the work.\nThe interesting thing for me about the rules, is that they’re all about trust.\nIn any creative work you have to be able to make mistakes; you can’t do anything really good if you’re fearful. The first rule codifies this “when we work together mistakes are OK, you can trust me not to criticise”. The second and third rules say to me “don’t feel obliged by our collaboration, I trust you to work on something interesting, so work on it and don’t worry about what I’m doing.” The final rule cements the trust, “I know you will contribute something useful, so don’t worry about it – we publish together no matter what”.", "summary": "Hardy and Littleton were mathematicians who collaborated at Cambridge in the early twentieth century under a set of four informal \"axioms\" emphasizing trust: (1) correctness of their correspondence was irrelevant; (2) there was no duty to respond to or read each other's letters; (3) they should avoid thinking about the same problems; and (4) all papers would be published jointly regardless of individual contribution. The author interprets these rules as fostering a creative environment where mistakes are allowed, individual work is independent, and joint authorship reinforces mutual trust."}
{"id": "6fdb912be3802569272310e14fbcb7a383b174bfcb0bd4a91e644c75f86ce55d", "source": "by Devina Lobine*\nThe world is in search of vaccines to halt COVID-19. About 42 companies and academic institutions are working to find a vaccine for COVID-19, and at least four of them (Moderna/NIAID, CanSino Biological Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, University of Oxford and Inovio Pharmaceuticals) already have candidates that have showed promising results in animal testing. Of these, the vaccine produced by Boston-based biotech firm Moderna will soon enter human clinical trials. Moreover, numerous FDA-approved drugs are being investigated for COVID-19 treatment – that is, drug repurposing and among the repurposed drugs, the century-old anti-malarial drug, chloroquine and its derivative hydroxychloroquine have received substantial attention in the world.\nAfrica was initially spared; however, this is changing rapidly. On 7 March, there are over 6,900 confirmed cases of COVID-19 across 41 African countries, but this number is probably much higher, due to a lack of testing capacity on the ground. With the fragile healthcare systems and a population largely affected by extreme poverty, malnutrition and diseases, COVID-19 could be more deadly in Africa than the rest of the world.\nBut Africa has the potential to be part of the solution. Africa is home to incredibly unique flora, which has been a key part of the continent’s traditional medicinal practices for thousands of years. Up to 80% of the continent’s population heavily rely on medicinal plants for their healthcare. This is particularly true in rural areas, where access to basic conventional health care is extremely limited.\nFor years, herbal medicine has played a substantial role in combating infectious diseases in Africa. For instance, Hypoxis hemerocallidea (African potato) and Sutherlandia frutescens (cancer bush), recommended by the Ministry of Health in South Africa and member states, are well known for managing HIV. Alstoonei boonei (Fever Bark), Morinda lucida (Brimstone tree), Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, and Moringa oleifera (drumstick tree) are common medicinal plants used by traditional healers in the management of malaria in West Africa. Currently there is still no specific treatment for COVID-19. Perhaps, improving one’s health and reinforcing immunity, using herbal medicine, can help stimulate the patients’ abilities to resist the disease. This could be an effective strategy for Africa to contain the virus. Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. (Gum Arabic), Harpagophytum procumbens (Burch.) DC. (Devil’s Claw), Aloe ferox Mill (Cape Aloe), Garcinia kola Hekel (bitter kola) and Aspalathus linearis (Burm.f.) R-Dahlgren (Rooibos)- traditionally used as immune boosters, and to treat fever, cough and microbial infections, are some of the 5000 plants used for medicinal purposes in Africa.\nBut there are challenges. These include the fact that many consumers tend to overuse some remedies while self-medicating with them. Another problem arises when people use herbal remedies together with prescribed medicines, which may interfere with the normal metabolism of the prescription drugs or lead to adverse effects.\nIndeed, numerous African plants are undeniably beneficial in treating disease or maintaining good health. It is well documented that research on African plants has led to discovery of several drugs. For instance, the anti-cancer active ingredients, vincristine and vinblastine from the Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. (Madagascan Periwinkle) and guieranone A from Guiera senegalensis (Sabara from Senegal) discovered based on ethnobotanical knowledge, are excellent examples of the contributions of African herbal medicine to modern drug discovery. This demonstrates how the study of African plants may hold hope for an accepted cure for COVID-19.\nThis study could not have come at a better time. The COVID-19 pandemic arrived amidst a growing call for encouraging collaboration amongst traditional medicine experts, chemists, pharmacologists, virologists and clinicians to accelerate research from bench side to bed side.\nThe opinion expressed in this piece is that of the author and does not purport to reflect the opinion or views of NEF.\n*Dr Devina Lobine (NEF Ambassador for Mauritius) is a Post-Doctoral Fellow in the field of pharmacology, at the University of Mauritius .", "summary": "The article notes that while dozens of institutions are developing COVID‑19 vaccines, including Moderna’s candidate entering human trials, Africa faces rising case numbers amid limited testing and fragile health systems. It highlights the continent’s extensive use of medicinal plants—up to 80% of the population relies on herbal remedies—and cites examples such as African potato, cancer bush, and Moringa for HIV and malaria treatment. The author suggests that strengthening immunity with traditional herbs could help combat COVID‑19, but warns of risks from overuse and interactions with conventional drugs, and calls for collaborative research to explore plant‑derived therapies."}
{"id": "70d1a41b7e4ac2b77aaae6332d4e549f505740f1a08c2e8720688320713ddcfd", "source": "I remember a military type, a friend who served as a Canadian peacekeeper (Infantry) in the Balkans, describing night-vision goggles and mentioning they are loud. After all, it’s imaging equipment and that requires a power source or, in this case, a source of noise. The Dec. 29, 2012 news item on Nanowerk about improved imaging for night vision goggles doesn’t mention noise but hopefully, the problem has been addressed or mitigated (assuming this technology is meant to be worn),\nThrough some key breakthroughs in flexible semiconductors, electrical and computer engineering Professor Zhenqiang “Jack” Ma has created two imaging technologies that have potential applications beyond the 21st century battlefield.\nWith $750,000 in support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Ma has developed curved night-vision goggles using germanium nanomembranes.\nThe Dec. 28, 2012 University of Wisconsin-Madison news release, which originated the news item, describes the Air Force project and another night vision project for the US Department of Defense,\nCreating night-vision goggles with a curved surface allows a wider field of view for pilots, but requires highly photosensitive materials with mechanical bendability-the silicon used in conventional image sensors doesn’t cut it.\n… Ma’s design employs flexible germanium nanomembranes: a transferrable flexible semiconductor that until now has been too challenging to use in imagers due to a high dark current, the background electrical current that flows through photosensitive materials even when they aren’t exposed to light.\n“Because of their higher dark current, the image often comes up much noisier on germanium-based imagers,” says Ma. “We solved that problem.”\nMa’s dark current reduction technology has also been recently licensed to Intel.\nIn another imaging project, the U.S. Department of Defense has provided Ma with $750,000 in support of development of imagers for military surveillance that span multiple spectra, combining infrared and visible light into a single image.\n“The reason they are interested in IR is because visible light can be blocked by clouds, dust, smoke,” says Ma. “IR can go through, so simultaneous visible and IR imaging allows them to see everything.”\nInexpensive silicon makes production of visible light imagers a simple task, but IR relies on materials incompatible with silicon.\nThe current approach involves a sensor for IR images and a sensor for visible light, combining the two images in post-processing, which requires greater computing power and hardware complexity. Instead, Ma will employ a heterogeneous semiconductor nanomembrane, stacking the two incompatible materials in each pixel of the new imager to layer IR and visible images on top of one another in a single image.\nThe result will be imagers that can seamlessly shift between IR and visible images, allowing the picture to be richer and more quickly utilized for strategic decisionmaking.\nIt’s impossible to tell from the description if this particular technology will be worn by foot soldiers or human military personnel but, in the event it will be worn, it does well to remember that it will need a power source. Interestingly, the average soldier already carries a lot of weight in batteries (up to 35 pounds!) as per my May 9, 2012 posting about energy-harvesting textiles and the military.", "summary": "Professor Zhenqiang “Jack” Ma, funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the U.S. Department of Defense, has developed flexible germanium nanomembrane night‑vision goggles with a curved surface that offers a wider field of view and reduced dark‑current noise, and he has also created a multi‑spectral imager that stacks infrared and visible‑light sensors in each pixel to produce combined images without extra post‑processing, aiming to improve battlefield visibility in conditions such as clouds, dust, or smoke."}
{"id": "71557c2b7b85edbe8750b430618b7215696baa21410b835b377187703c9b01d3", "source": "Along with the American Association of Orthodontists, we recommend that a child receive their first orthodontic screening by the age 7. By starting treatment early, we are able to recognize potential problems early and correct them before they become more serious. This not only saves you and your child time, but also money.\nEarly interceptive orthodontic treatment has proven to be beneficial for the overall desired result. Because a young child’s permanent teeth have not finished erupting, we are able to thoroughly evaluate the front-to-back and side-to-side tooth relationships and address any impending orthopedic problems at its earliest stage.\nDuring your child’s initial evaluation we will first determine if there are any problems that need to be addressed, such as crowding, cross bites, submerged teeth, open bite, or overbite. If Drs. Ahl and O’Connor feel treatment is indicated, they will create a personalized treatment plan for your child that will prove to be the most beneficial for his/her specific case.\nEarly orthodontic treatment varies between patients, but may include removable or fixed appliances that can provide more room for crowded, erupting teeth; preserve space for unerupted teeth; create facial symmetry through manipulating jaw growth; reduce the possibility of tooth extraction; and reduce overall treatment time in braces once all of the permanent teeth erupt.\nMany patients benefit from a second phase of treatment once all of permanent teeth have erupted. The goal of the second phase is to make sure each tooth has an exact location in the mouth where it is in harmony with the lips, cheeks, tongue, and other teeth. When this equilibrium is established, the teeth will function together properly. Phase Two usually involves full upper and lower braces.\nHow to tell if your child may need early orthodontic treatment:\n- Early or late loss of baby teeth (your child should typically start losing teeth around age five, and will have all permanent teeth around age 13)\n- Difficulty chewing and/or biting\n- Mouth breathing\n- Your child continues sucking his or her thumb after age five\n- Speech impediments\n- Protruding teeth (the top teeth and the bottom teeth extend away from each other)\n- Teeth that don't come together in a normal manner or even at all\n- Shifting of the jaw when your child opens or closes his or her mouth (crossbites)\n- Crowded front teeth around age seven or eight\nSome examples of early treatment:\n- Limited braces to create space for permanent teeth to erupt.\n- Hyrax expander to correct a scissor bite or posterior cross-bite.\n- Habit breaking appliance can be utilized to correct open bite relationships caused by a thumb, finger or tongue habit.\n- A removable retainer with springs can be used to align rotated teeth and prevent nighttime grinding.\nTo find out if your child would benefit from early interceptive treatment, call today to schedule a complimentary consultation.", "summary": "The document advises that children receive their first orthodontic screening by age 7, recommending early interceptive treatment to identify and correct issues such as crowding, crossbites, open bites, and overbites before permanent teeth fully erupt, which can save time and money. It outlines evaluation criteria, possible appliances, and a potential second phase of full braces after all permanent teeth emerge. Signs that may indicate need for early treatment include abnormal tooth loss timing, chewing difficulties, mouth breathing, thumb sucking, speech problems, protruding or misaligned teeth, and jaw shifting. The practice offers a complimentary consultation."}
{"id": "72b569ea2254f1f18542a0c7fd4ffbd1f448cb4810f4893402582893765f9f72", "source": "The summer months can be a time of fun, relaxation, and getaways. But with many youth going unsupervised for longer stretches of time, the summer season also brings an uptick in juvenile crime. While most teens avoid negative situations and make good choices, teenagers often take greater risks around this time of year. This is largely because teens are testing boundaries and figuring out who they are as individuals.\nIt’s not uncommon for younger people to experiment with drugs or alcohol and engage in risky activities like vandalism or theft. Here’s what you need to know about some of the most common crimes committed by juveniles in the summer.\nWhat Are the Most Common Crimes Juveniles Commit in the Summer?\nHere are five crimes committed by juveniles most frequently during the summer months:\nTheft is one of the most common crimes committed by juveniles during the summer months. Many teens steal items they don’t have the funds to purchase, but they also may steal because they are bored or seeking excitement. Most teens who commit shoplifting do so to get something they want but can’t afford.\nShoplifting is popular among teens because they can steal small items that don’t cost much, so the stolen goods aren’t likely to be missed. Burglary is another crime that peaks during the summer months. Teens choose to break into homes because they are likely unoccupied.\nThere is a spike in vandalism during the summer months, particularly when schools are out. Vandalism is the willful destruction of property. Some teens vandalize property as a way to get attention, while others do it as a way to rebel against authority.\nVandalism can lead to serious consequences including criminal charges, community service, and restitution payments. If you have teens, it’s important to keep them engaged and busy during the summer. If teens are bored and unsupervised, they are more likely to engage in risky behavior.\nDrug Possession and Use\nThe most common drug committed by teens is marijuana. However, there is an uptick in other narcotics like cocaine and methamphetamines during the summer months as well. Drug possession and use are common crimes among teens because many try to hide their illegal activities.\nTeenagers often drive unsupervised during the summer months, which increases the risk for drunk driving. Drunk driving is one of the most dangerous crimes committed by teens during the summer. It can lead to serious injuries or even death.\nLoud and Disorderly Behavior\nDisorderly conduct is a common charge brought against teens during the summer months. Disorderly conduct charges are often brought against juveniles who create a disturbance in public, trespass on private property, or fight with others. Teens who commit disorderly conduct do so as a way to rebel against authority and seek attention or as a way to act out.\nSchedule a Free Consultation With Rubin, Glickman, Steinberg & Gifford to Learn More About Your Legal Options\nIt is important that parents stay diligent and keep an eye out for negative behaviors, even in teens, in order to prevent poor decisions that could adversely impact their lives and futures. In the event that your teen is now facing legal trouble as a result of their behavior, it is important to seek legal counsel.\nRubin, Glickman, Steinberg & Gifford is available to teens and their parents who need help assessing charges and advocating for lesser punishments. Call us at (215) 822-7575 or submit our contact form to schedule your consultation. We are here to help your family navigate this difficult time.", "summary": "The document notes that juvenile crime often rises in summer as unsupervised teens take more risks, with theft (including shoplifting), burglary, vandalism, drug possession (especially marijuana, and increasing cocaine and meth use), drunk driving, and disorderly conduct identified as the most common offenses. It attributes these behaviors to boredom, desire for excitement, rebellion, and peer pressure, and advises parents to keep teens engaged and seek legal counsel if needed."}
{"id": "734c443757e0e0840acb85fdacd6c25c289087df4f5cc3e183f0008498b05ef5", "source": "- Art & Photography\n- Business Studies\n- Dept. Children & Young People\n- Design and Technology\n- Film Studies\n- Health and Social Care\n- Computing & ICT\n- Life Skills\n- Media Studies\n- Modern Foreign Languages\n- Physical Education and Sport\n- Public Services\n- Religious Education\nKey Stage 5-\nSociology requires open minds, critical thinkers, good organisation skills, and independent learners. The subject is constantly updating and as well as looking at 19th century sociologists, we also analyse up to date studies and current affairs, as well as students conducting their own research in topic 2. Assessment is by two external examinations at the end of Year 12 for AS Level, and three at the end of Year 13 should it be taken to A Level.\n1 - Families and Households\nThis module includes studying the relationship of the family to social structure and social change; changing patterns of marriage, cohabitation, separation, divorce and the life course; gender roles; changing status of childhood; and demographic trends since 1900.\n2 - Education with Research Methods\nThis module includes studying explanations of the role and purpose of education; sociological explanations of differential educational achievements of social groups by class, gender, and ethnicity; relationships and processes in schools such as subcultures and the\nhidden curriculum; educational policies; and sociological research methods.\n3 - Beliefs in Society\nThis module includes studying different theories of religion, sociological explanations of the purpose and role of religion, religious organisations, religions and social groups, and the debate of secularisation.\n4 - Crime and Deviance with Research Methods and Theory\nThis module includes studying theories of crime and deviance; explanations of the social distribution of crime and deviance trends; contemporary issues in the sociology of crime such as effects of globalisation and the mass media; sociological views of the criminal justice system, and the study of research methods and theory.\nStudents are expected to do much work outside of the classroom, ranging from writing essays, to note taking, or research. They are asked to do the following:\n- Write up and expand on notes made in class\n- Prepare and write essays\n- Read around the subjects/topics being studied\n- Use the library, for access to a wider range of material\nA qualification in Sociology can lead to a number of careers, such as teaching, law, journalism, business, politics, public relations, social work, nursing, media work and science. Due to the fact that sociology is accepted as both an arts subject and a science subject, it has the advantage of being flexible in the work place.\nThis course requires students to complete extended essays and so a Grade B or above in English Language GCSE is required.\nFor further information please visit www.aqa.org.uk/subjects/sociology", "summary": "The document outlines a Key Stage 5 Sociology course, describing required skills such as open-mindedness, critical thinking, organization, and independent learning, and noting that assessment consists of external exams at the end of Years 12 and 13. It lists four modules—Families and Households, Education with Research Methods, Beliefs in Society, and Crime and Deviance with Research Methods and Theory—covering topics from family structures to crime theories. Students must complete essays, note‑taking, reading, and library research, and a Grade B or higher in English Language GCSE is required. The qualification can lead to careers in teaching, law, journalism, business, politics, public relations, social work, nursing, media, and science."}
{"id": "735bb1b02c4eeb2cc5bf186a53ea734c408eaa57edb32b91fd5f5360dc2090e4", "source": "The Daily Beast reports,\nMost of my favorite factoids about obesity are historical ones, and they don’t make it into the new, four-part HBO documentary on the subject, The Weight of the Nation. Absent, for instance, is the fact that the very first childhood-obesity clinic in the United States was founded in the late 1930s at Columbia University by a young German physician, Hilde Bruch. As Bruch later told it, her inspiration was simple: she arrived in New York in 1934 and was “startled” by the number of fat kids she saw—“really fat ones, not only in clinics, but on the streets and subways, and in schools.”\nWhat makes Bruch’s story relevant to the obesity problem today is that this was New York in the worst year of the Great Depression, an era of bread lines and soup kitchens, when 6 in 10 Americans were living in poverty. The conventional wisdom these days—promoted by government, obesity researchers, physicians, and probably your personal trainer as well—is that we get fat because we have too much to eat and not enough reasons to be physically active. But then why were the PC- and Big Mac–-deprived Depression-era kids fat? How can we blame the obesity epidemic on gluttony and sloth if we easily find epidemics of obesity throughout the past century in populations that barely had food to survive and had to work hard to earn it? . . .\nThere is an alternative theory, one that has also been around for decades but that the establishment has largely ignored. This theory implicates specific foods—refined sugars and grains—because of their effect on the hormone insulin, which regulates fat accumulation. If this hormonal-defect hypothesis is true, not all calories are created equal, as the conventional wisdom holds. And if it is true, the problem is not only controlling our impulses, but also changing the entire American food economy and rewriting our beliefs about what constitutes a healthy diet. . . .\nIf the latest research is any indication, sugar may have been the primary problem all along. Back in the 1980s, the FDA gave sugar a free pass based on the idea that the evidence wasn’t conclusive. While the government spent hundreds of millions trying to prove that salt and saturated fat are bad for our health, it spent virtually nothing on sugar.", "summary": "The article notes that the first U.S. childhood‑obesity clinic was opened in the late 1930s by Hilde Bruch, who was surprised by many overweight children during the Great Depression, challenging the view that obesity stems solely from excess food and inactivity. It highlights an alternative, long‑standing theory that refined sugars and grains, via insulin effects, drive fat accumulation, suggesting not all calories are equal. The piece also points out that, unlike salt and saturated fat, sugar received little regulatory scrutiny despite emerging research implicating it as a primary cause of obesity."}
{"id": "737496d0e32b7deff91b72b5cde026a282b83e478720d39a5c100e512f1b81fb", "source": "Religion is man's attempt to to 'be special\" and not just the result of evolutionary \"process\". Human beings have always attempted to \"set themsevles apart\" for some \"special purpose\".\nThe human need to \"be special\" could come from many factors, but we all need to be valued in one way or another, unless life itself is devalued by one's culture. What \"inspired\" people to create a \"more meaningful experience\" than barbarianism? Some would want to believe that is is because of \"god\".\n\"God\" has been useful to create meaning to life, give priority of value, and bring about an 'order'. But, these functons of \"god\" have been based on different authorial sources. The Calvinist based his understanding on supernaturalism or revelatory texts, while the naturalist, liberal, or Catholic bases his understanding on natural law, order and structure, which is based on reason.\nThe Founders understood man's need for order and structure, but also understood the need for a freedom to express diversity. Diversity or difference is not applauded in caste, or aristocratic systems of government, as these are controlled by the \"ruling elite\", where change itself is understood in negative ways. Change can happen in a democracy or representative republic by the people's vote, lobbyist, courts, and public dissent through the press, or demonstration.\nReligion does not value the individual for the most part, as it affirms conformity, and is threatened by dissent, and questions. Religion, in this sense, is an aristocracy, whether one believes that \"God\" rules, the cleric/priest, the text, or the congregation. An individual is at the whim of whatever \"authority is affirmed\".\nGen Eds LC1: World Language and Culture Overview\n5 hours ago", "summary": "The text argues that religion stems from humanity's desire to feel special and valued, offering meaning, order, and purpose through concepts of God, which differ across traditions such as Calvinist supernaturalism and naturalist or Catholic rationalism. It claims that while founders recognized the need for both structure and freedom, religious systems often enforce conformity and suppress dissent, functioning like an aristocracy where individuals are subject to the prevailing authority, unlike democratic mechanisms that allow change through voting, courts, and public expression."}
{"id": "73cb4fbb70a04d4a8ca297c2e8f09f5992d95d3f765f1844d19ff859d62240a6", "source": "Rubrics are a tabular way to provide assessment feedback to students. They consist of a grid of grades and outcomes, each cell of which contains some text:\nIn order to create a rubric, go to Assess > Rubrics and the use the icon to start adding a rubric. Your new rubric can either be school wide, or specific to a department, depending on your permissions with the system. At the bottom of the creation page, you will be promoted to select the size of the rubric. Take care here, as these values cannot be changed once set:\nOnce a rubric has been defined, it can be used in other areas of the system, such as the Markbook or Formal Assessment modules. The screenshot below shows the process of selecting a rubric within the Markbook edit screen:\nOnce a rubric has been set, it can be called into action, for example, using the icon below in the Markbook data entry screen:\nTo use the rubric, simply click in the cell you wish to select. There is no need to save the rubric, as this happens automatically.", "summary": "Rubrics are grid-based tools for providing assessment feedback, with each cell containing text describing grades and outcomes. Users create rubrics via Assess > Rubrics, choosing whether they apply school‑wide or to a department, and must set the rubric size at creation because it cannot be changed later. Once defined, rubrics can be integrated into modules like Markbook or Formal Assessment, where they are selected through icons and applied by clicking cells, with changes saved automatically."}
{"id": "7484b5848fd7d2cfc21602094d86af745408fdb9308802d36186cca8affd8f6c", "source": "Remember AIDS awareness ads like the one above? Newspaper articles and PSAs were appearing with increasing frequency in newspapers and magazines in the early 1990′s. But that trend has been dramatically reversed, according to recent findings.\nIn a survey of newspaper (broadsheet) content conducted by the Trends in Sustainability (TIS) Project, coverage of AIDS-related issues has declined by more than two thirds since the early 1990′s. Since 2008, AIDS coverage has seen a 70% decline. Concurrently, media coverage of environmental and climate change issues has increased, such that today, it has become the defining news issue of our times.\nThe TIS project is an on-going research endeavor by a consortium of British, Irish, and French universities. In this most recent study, the panel looked at some 70 million articles in over 400,000 newspapers from 41 developed nations. The biggest changes (declines and increases) were seen in U.S. and French newspapers.*\nBut even as climate-related news is increasing, this topic has itself seen a change in content coverage, According to the study, topics such as acid rain and the hole in the ozone layers (once the defining enviro issues), have been supplanted by articles on climate change, which have increased on average ten-fold (note: this climate change category includes animal extinction and biodiversity-related topics).\nWhile this is certainly good news for environmental causes, some of the researchers are concerned that on-going socio-economic issues — such as disease prevention in the developing world — will lose the public’s attention, and its funding priority, along with the loss of coverage (note: in general, more coverage means more attention, which means more funding of research, as when AIDS was the defining news story of its day).\nAuthor note: Ultimately, said climate issues will certainly impact upon said socio-economic issues, as drought and water shortages become normative, or, put another way, the issues of disease prevention/treatment in the developing world will converge with these same regions’ climate change issues as millions are displaced by floods, droughts, and consequent ethnic conflicts.\nFor more, check out the original news post on World Science.\nFor more on trends in sustainability, visit TIS\nTop Photo: NIH\n* This may be due in part to the fact that U.S. and French bio-medicine made huge strides in AIDS-related science and therapeutics. Part of this advancement in knowledge was the development of the AIDS “cocktail” (with protease inhibitors), making AIDS in the the U.S and Western Europe a “treatable disease” — no longer a guaranteed death sentence. Further, governmental spending and private foundation charitable work regarding AIDS — especially in Africa and the developing world — increased dramatically during the 2 decade period, with the greatest funding seen since 2001. Private foundations like the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation dedicate billions annually to preventing AIDS in Africa while president George W. Bush increased U.S. spending in Africa on AIDS-related missions to record levels. All of this may have created a sense of security and “crisis averted” mentality in the public consciousness, allowing it to move on to other more sensational or “critical” issues.\nMichael Ricciardi is a well-published writer of science/nature/technology articles and essays, poetry and short fiction. Michael has interviewed dozen of scientists from many scientific fields, including Brain Greene, Paul Steinhardt, and Nobel Laureate Ilya Progogine (deceased). Michael was trained as a naturalist and taught ecology and natural science on Cape Cod, Mass. from 1986-1991. His first arts grant was for production of the environmental (video) documentary 'The Jones River - A Natural History', 1987-88 (Kingston, Mass.). Michael is also an award winning, internationally screened video artist. Two of his more recent short videos; 'A Time of Water Bountiful' and 'My Name is HAM' (an \"imagined memoir\" about the first chimp in space), and several other short videos, can be viewed on his website (http://www.chaosmosis.net). Michael currently lives in Seattle, Washington.", "summary": "A recent Trends in Sustainability (TIS) study of about 70 million articles from 400,000 newspapers in 41 developed nations found that coverage of AIDS-related issues has fallen by more than two‑thirds since the early 1990s, with a 70% decline since 2008, while environmental and climate‑change reporting has risen sharply, especially in U.S. and French papers. The shift reflects advances in AIDS treatment and funding that reduced public urgency, but researchers warn that reduced attention may jeopardize disease‑prevention efforts in the developing world, especially as climate impacts intensify."}
{"id": "74b1763bcaa35503a9db4f861cac8bf0bd969fc37ab4369ea3487d71b5976855", "source": "Here in America, the themes of obedience, authority, and personal responsibility can be somewhat controversial. How much authority should the government have to tell us what to do? Should it regulate the size of soft drinks, as is being debated in New York? Should it be able to dictate our healthcare decisions? In war, should soldiers obey every command of their officers? How much obedience do teens and young adults owe to their parents, when it comes to decisions about chosing their friends or their educational path, or their clothing and hairstyle?\nWhen talking about human authority, there are some clear-cut situations, but there are others where there can be a lot of legitimate discussion and disagreement about what the boundaries of authority are and when people are bound or not bound to obey. However, as the first reading reminds us, there it is always right to obey God. This is not just because God is all-powerful and will be our judge on the last day. That’s not a bad reason, but there’s a much better reason: whatever God commands – in this case, the Ten Commandments – is really the wisest thing to do.\nThe reason for this is simple: God loves us and wants what’s best for us, and since He is our Creator, He really knows what will be most helpful for us. If we buy a car or a computer or some other expensive, complicated device, we all know that following the manufacturer’s instructions is the right thing to do if we want to get the most out of what we’ve bought without breaking it. Even if we men usually only read the instructions if we utterly fail to figure it out on our own… Each human being is worth more than any machine, and our lives are more complicated too. That much more reason to follow God’s commandments, our “manufacturer’s instruction manual”, which will make our lives truly “wise and intelligent.”\nIn the second reading, St. Paul reminds us again that we have to be humble in accepting God’s word and putting it into practice, being “doers of the Word and not hearers only”. Submission to God’s will isn’t weakness or lack of creativity; it’s a sign of intelligence and foresight. And the example that Paul gives “true religion” is significant: helping those most in need, loving others as God has loved us.\nThere is a danger of thinking that obedience is an end in itself, instead of a means to living life fully and reaching true happiness and fulfillment. That was the error of the Pharisees and scribes in today’s Gospel. They thought that fulfilling the law for it’s own sake was the road to holiness, and they ended up adding more and more to the Law, contrary to God’s intention. Jesus points out that the law is meant to be didactic, forming our hearts, becoming something that comes from within, not a rigid formalism imposed from the outside. God teaches us what is right so that we can learn from Him and make our hearts more like His, loving what He loves and hating whatever is contrary to His will, so we will thrive. We need to have His law written on our hearts, so that we are freely choosing what is right. If we learn to love God and neighbor according to God’s plan, then the Ten Commandments become the logical way to act.\nMay God grant us all to receive His word with a humble heart and to put it into practice, so that we may all truly be pure of heart and generous and loving in our deeds. May He help us today and always to be thankful for the gift of His revelation, which teaches us how to act in the wisest way for us to reach the fullness of happiness in heaven, which is what God wants for all of us.", "summary": "The document reflects on the tension between civil authority and divine obedience, arguing that while governmental and parental authority can be debated, obedience to God is presented as inherently wise because God, as creator, knows what is best for humanity; it likens the Ten Commandments to a manufacturer’s instructions for a complex device. Citing St. Paul, it emphasizes humble, active practice of God’s word, and warns against treating obedience as an end, citing the Pharisees’ legalism, urging internalization of divine law to achieve true happiness and love."}
{"id": "7649f69a1c0d5a97c2ffa57116190189a5d9c1c309287d1b37f4821e206ee852", "source": "The Hinckley Institute Radio Hour (Re-Air date: April 4, 2018) — Sharia is a set of Muslim religious laws that are practiced in varying degrees of severity in Muslim countries. While many Americans equate Shariah with misogyny, intolerance, or barbaric punishments, many practicing Muslims and Muslim scholars say Sharia is, in fact, a set of guidelines for daily routines and social regulations for things like marriage, divorce, and inheritance. Increasingly Muslim immigrants are learning to balance Sharia practices with the laws and values of pluralistic Western societies where they live. Dr. Marianne Bøe, a Fulbright Scholar at Northeastern University, and Postdoctoral Fellow in Religion and Theology at University of Bergen, Norway, researches how Iranian immigrants in Norway are practicing marriage “Iranian Style”. Her talk was recorded January 25, 2017.\nHow do you feel about this topic?\nIs there anything else you think we should know? We'd like to hear your thoughts. Send us your feedback using the form below.", "summary": "The Hinckley Institute Radio Hour (re‑aired April 4, 2018) discussed Sharia as a set of Muslim religious laws governing daily life, marriage, divorce and inheritance, noting that while some Americans view it as misogynistic or punitive, many Muslims and scholars see it as a guideline. The program highlighted how Muslim immigrants balance Sharia with Western legal and cultural norms, and featured Dr. Marianne Bøe, a Fulbright Scholar, who studies how Iranian immigrants in Norway practice \"Iranian style\" marriages."}
{"id": "7710aa619f84b3e0237b2652c00856d2753ad6ef59d5660423c31c36572bed1c", "source": "- Background Information\n- Response Options\n- Environmental considerations\n- Responder Health and Safety\n- Capacity Building\n- Hands-on training\n- EU Sponsored Projects\nEuropean Oiled Wildlife Preparedness\nThis Section gives an overview of oiled wildlife preparedness arrangements in Europe, including planning at national and regional levels and relevant activities of EU institutions.\nNational oiled wildlife response planning\nAn increasing number of European coastal states are developing national oiled wildlife response plans. An overview of plans that are in place or discussions that are currently taking place is provided here.\nRegional oiled wildlife response planning\nRegional oiled wildlife response planning is also under development within the regional conventions for protection of European seas from pollution, notably within HELCOM Response for the Baltic Sea and the Bonn Agreement for the North Sea. These regional activities provide a stronger policy framework for European countries to develop and strengthen their arrangements for dealing with oiled wildlife incidents. An overview of the relevant regional discussions is provided here.\nThere are various European institutions that are dealing with the various aspects of oil spill response and preparedness. An overview is provided here.", "summary": "The document outlines European oiled wildlife preparedness, describing national and regional response planning efforts, including initiatives by coastal states, the HELCOM Baltic Sea response, and the Bonn Agreement for the North Sea, as well as the role of EU institutions in supporting these activities."}
{"id": "7776150365338ad77c93d2824eae4e8ea1a0624b4d484cea4b2f8ba4167d47a1", "source": "LITERATURE REVIEW CTEV\nBoo and Ong 10 reported the incidence of clubfoot in Malaysia 1. Thus, attempts are made to correct all elements of the deformities simultaneously. On occasion the disease can be lethal at birth, but Ponseti which is considered now to be the golden standard of treatment. Evolution of the clubfoot treatment methods occurs in a spiral-form fashion from the conservative management to total releases and bone reconstructions, from low-invasive to excessively radical surgery.\nNHS staff wishing to obtain a copy of the full text should contact their health care library. These two tarsal bones appear as small rounded ossicles. PubMed – 18 June – Publisher: Bone, neuromuscular or vascular system hypoplasia predominate depending on the severity of the deformity. The CT polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene MTHFR , maternal use of folic acid supplements, and risk of isolated clubfoot:\nTalipes Equinovarus is a common congenital orthopaedic condition. Occasionally, a talectomy is performed Argument centers around the nature and the timing of the operation required for the resistant clubfoot. Prenatal diagnosis of literatuee condition is essential as it can Ponseti treatment in the management of clubfoot deformity – a continuing role for paediatric orthopaedic services in secondary care centres.\nResults for Clubfoot\nThe Iowa Orthopaedic Journal. Absent posterior tibial artery associated with idiopathic clubfoot. Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia, Recessive Source: Stiff foot — it is teratologic and revieew reducible.\nInHeuter and Von Volkman first proposed that the arrest of fetal development early in embryonic life was a cause of congenital clubfoot 2. Sir Denis Browne and congenital deformities of mechanical origin.\nControversies in Congenital Clubfoot : Literature Review\nWhat are the indications and most effective treatment for relapsed clubfoot? J Bone Joint Surg Br. Clinical Classification of Congenital Clubfoot. Treatment of infantile clubfoot preliminary to operation.\nAmerican Journal Of Medical Genetics. Litegature, at birth, clinical examination is more informative than radiological assessment, as only the ossification centres of the talus, calcaneum and metatarsals are present. Correlation of the Clubfoot. A foot is currently considered resistant when the deformity shows no evidence of further improvement after 3 months of adequate conservative treatment J Bone Joint Surg.\nIn clubfoot, they found that the neck of talus was always short, with its anterior portion rotated medially and plantarly. PubMed – 13 March – Publisher: Journal of orthopaedic surgery revisw research. Congenital Talipes in Malaysian Neonates: A Method of Assessing Correction in Clubfoot. The talocalcaneocuboid joints are subluxated 25232936 Forceful manipulation may result in a spurious correction producing rocker bottom foot.\nEarly Dwyer Operation in Talipes Equinovarus. Please click “Confirm” if you are happy literatuer lose these search results. Also observed in GPS are flexion contractures of the hips and knees, clubfoot, agenesis of the corpus callosum with microcephaly, and London, Oxford University Press, The etiology of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus: Proceeding of the Third Malaysian Congress of Medicine.\nPediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery\nThe main theories of its development are congenital geneticmechanical and neuromuscular. Bone, neuromuscular or vascular system hypoplasia predominate depending on the severity of the deformity.\nAnomalous Tendinous Insertion in the Pathogenesis of Clubfoot. The aim of treatment is to obtain an anatomicaly and functionaly normal feet in all patients.", "summary": "The document reviews literature on congenital clubfoot (talipes equinovarus), noting its incidence in Malaysia and describing the evolution of treatment from conservative methods to the Ponseti technique, now considered the gold standard, and more invasive surgeries. It discusses etiological theories including genetic, mechanical, neuromuscular, and vascular factors, mentions associations such as MTHFR polymorphism and folic acid use, and highlights diagnostic challenges, classification, and criteria for resistant or relapsed cases."}
{"id": "7857bcbdcf8b85b4870f5d2c967dbc7ba0f2e680051cd694ea66a3934703da30", "source": "Protecting Citizens is Why Labor Laws Are Important\nLabor laws are a very important part of the work force. There are several reasons why labor laws are important. For the most part, they are designed to protect employees while they work for their income. Having these laws in effect has created smoother operations in many areas of business.\nChild labor laws differ from the general laws that apply to adult citizens. This is mostly in order to protect the child’s youth. There are age requirements concerning when a child is allowed to enter the work force. In addition, hours may be limited for underage workers. Only a certain number of hours can be worked per week, and that amount is reduced during weeks when the child is in school. This in order to help children focus on their education so that they can be as successful as possible in the future. There are also certain restrictions for children working at high risk jobs.\nThe hours that an employee works are an important part of the general labor laws. It is imperative to ensure that employees are not overworked and that they are receiving proper compensation for their services. When an employee has surpassed a certain number of working hours per week, the state requires that the employee receive overtime for their efforts. Not only does this help cut down overworked employees, but it gives people the opportunity to make some extra money with a little extra effort.\nSafety stipulations are essential to every job, which is why laws often include rules about employee safety. Many require that protections be provided by the employer to those working high risk jobs. Usually a safety training program is necessary to educated employees about the dangers of the job and what to do in case of emergency. Some laws require that certain businesses have insurance to cover their employees in the event of an accident.\nThere are numerous reasons why labor laws are important. They protect children from unfair labor and help to make sure they are properly obtaining an education for a better future. They also ensure that all employees are being treated fairly and receiving proper compensation for their efforts.", "summary": "Labor laws aim to protect workers, including children, by setting age and hour limits for youth employment, requiring overtime pay for excessive adult work hours, and mandating safety training and insurance for high‑risk jobs, thereby promoting fair treatment, adequate compensation, and the ability for children to focus on education."}
{"id": "79c69505ae6b94cfcc8025f3d0b577254d5bd8c6da30bf343df6b7faad6bcdf4", "source": "CREDIT: Tablet photo via Shutterstock\nIf your shoulder hurts after using your tablet, you may be able to ease the discomfort by changing how you hold the device, a new study shows.\nCompared with users of desktop computers, tablet users are more likey to sit in a flexed posture — which can lead to neck and shoulder discomfort — because of the low angle at which people tend to hold their head and neck while viewing a tablet's screen, the researchers said.\nPlacing the tablet on a higher surface, such as on a table rather than on your lap, will improve your posture, according to the study, which was conducted by researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health, the Microsoft Corporation and Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.\nIn the study, 15 experienced tablet users completed a series of tasks using two media tablets — the Apple iPad2 and the Motorola Xoom. Each tablet had a case that could be adjusted to tilt it, or prop it up.\nThe participants used the tablets in four typical user positions: they placed a tablet in their laps while also holding it in their hands, they held it on their laps and in a case, they had it on a table and in a case, and they used it resting atop a table and in a case set at a high angle, fit for watching movies.\nIn each position, the participants completed simple computer tasks, such as browsing the Internet and playing games. Their head and neck postures, gaze angles and distance from the tablet were measured using a motion-analysis system.\nThe findings showed that the users' posture was best when the devices were set at their steepest angle. This suggests that users should place tablets on a surface that is higher than their lap, such as on a table, to avoid low gaze angles. They should also use a case that provides steeper viewing angles, the researchers advised.\nHowever, the study showed that steeper angles may be detrimental for tasks requiring your hands, such as typing a long email. The researchers said that further studies examining the effects of tablet placement on users' posture are needed.\n\"Our results will be useful for updating ergonomic computing standards and guidelines for tablet computers,\" study researcher Jack T. Dennerlein of the Harvard School of Public Health, said in a statement.\nThe study was published in the January issue of Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment, and Rehabilitation.\nPass it on: Placing your tablet computer on a table rather than on your lap and using a tablet cover with a steep tilt angle may ease shoulder discomfort.", "summary": "A study by Harvard School of Public Health, Microsoft, and Brigham and Women's Hospital found that tablet users often adopt a flexed posture that can cause neck and shoulder discomfort, especially when the device is held on the lap. Placing the tablet on a higher surface, such as a table, and using a case that tilts the screen steeply improved posture by reducing low gaze angles. However, steep angles may hinder tasks requiring hand use, like typing, and further research is recommended."}
{"id": "7b487cd1905eb55bc4933313012c065c9d1d6a2e0cf4ce267648c241e00d6377", "source": "Rosemary is a wonderfully fragrant and useful herb. It’s an evergreen perennial shrub, and a member of the mint (Labiatae) family. Its Latin name Rosmarinus officinalis means ‘dew of the sea’, as in the wild it grows within reach of the sea spray. It’s particularly suited to Mediterranean cooking, and great with meats (particularly lamb, so I’m told) stews, breads, aromatherapy and even tea.\nChoosing a rosemary plant\nFirst off, most rosemary plants are clones or ‘cultivars’, which means they’re grown from cuttings. See the post of how to take cuttings from rosemary as this is how you’re getting started. Personally, I’d recommend buying a plant from your local garden centre. They grow quite slowly, so buy the largest one you can afford. I would buy a shrubbery plant as these make fuller houseplants.\nCheck that there aren’t roots coming through the bottom of the pot when you buy it, as this means the plant has already outgrown the pot.\nRun your hand across the needles. It they’re brittle and fall off, don’t buy it. A healthy plant will have supple, springy spines.\nHow to grow rosemary indoors\nAs it’s from the Mediterranean, it prefers a sunny position in your home. A sunny south facing windowsill would be perfect. Rosemary will grow well in a window box, but be aware that some types can grow quite high. Be careful in the winter, as rosemary will not tolerate a frost.\nA rosemary plant in a pot can make a full, attractive houseplant, that can thrive for years with little care. However, you do have to remember two golden rules. Your plant needs:\n2) A well drained soil.\nIf you’re growing it in a pot indoors, place it near the window to make sure it gets enough sunlight. Rotate the plant about one a week to make sure all sides get some sunlight – this will keep the leaves healthy.\nPot up your new plant with some all purpose plant fertiliser.\nCheck the new growth on your plant, and aim to harvest about half of the new growth every year. This should keep the plant healthy. You can dry rosemary by leaving it in a warm dark location (like an airing cupboard), or just use it fresh.\nIt’s easy to overwater rosemary. Check if your plant needs watering by sticking your finger in the soil to a depth of about one inch. If your finger comes out dry, your plant needs watering.\nRosemary plants don’t like to be disturbed or re-potted too often, so don’t re-pot rosemary plants until they are ‘root-bound’. This happens when the plant gets too large for the pot, and the roots are tightly wound in the bottom of the plant pot.\n- Fertilise about three times during the summer, but not during the winter.\n- Pinch the top of your rosemary plant after potting to encourage new leaves and a bushy growth.", "summary": "Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is an evergreen perennial herb of the mint family, native to Mediterranean coastal areas and valued for its fragrance and culinary uses, especially with lamb, stews, breads, aromatherapy, and tea. When selecting a plant, choose a healthy, well‑rooted cultivar with supple needles, preferably a larger shrub from a garden centre. For indoor growth, place it in a sunny south‑facing window, ensure well‑drained soil, rotate weekly, water only when the top inch of soil is dry, and fertilise three times in summer. Harvest about half the new growth annually, avoid frequent repotting, and dry harvested stems in a warm, dark spot."}
{"id": "7bb29aae3ea70e4b4eaa40140cd726227e3e6ae4457c5b48b86ec80733aaffc0", "source": "This brochure is courtesy of the Renal Resource Centre.\nIf you have a relative whose kidneys have failed and who needs a kidney transplant, you may be thinking of giving one of your kidneys to help save his/her life and to overcome the long-term problems of artificial kidney treatment.\nTransplant results are best when the donor and the recipient are identical on the white blood cell HLA antigen series. Because of inherited genes this can only happen between brothers and sisters where there is a 1 in 4 chance of a perfect match. Parents and children have only a 50% match because only half of the genes in a child come from each parent.\nAlthough this is usually acceptable, occasionally there are problems with red cell (ordinary blood group) typing. Transplants with living related donors are more likely to be successful than with unrelated, or recently deceased donors because the body tissues are more likely to be closely matched. For this reason, the recipients require less immunosuppressive drugs and therefore have fewer side effects, especially if the donor and recipient are fully matched.", "summary": "The Renal Resource Centre brochure explains that living related kidney donors, especially siblings with a 1 in 4 chance of a perfect HLA match, generally yield better transplant outcomes than unrelated or deceased donors, requiring fewer immunosuppressive drugs and causing fewer side effects; parents and children share a 50% genetic match, which is usually acceptable despite occasional red cell typing issues."}
{"id": "7bc75ef8df231f9462684bd636953eeaf4fdeb3e28e2298c980505011e6c40aa", "source": "Seventeen people have died in the Indian state Kerala from the Nipah virus (NiV), a disease that causes acute respiratory syndrome and fatal encephalitis (swelling of the brain). There is no vaccine for Nipah virus.\nIt is spread primarily by fruit bats, and is transmitted to humans “through secretions from the bat to the fruit it feeds on or touches.” According to the CDC, transmission to humans can also occur “after direct contact with infected bats, infected pigs, or from other NiV infected people.” Person to person transmission is commonly seen among family and caregivers of someone infected. Papers report that a nurse who was treating victims recently died of the disease herself.\nFruits and vegetables imported from the state of Kerala have been banned and the UAE Ministry of Health and Prevention has also issued a travel warning. State Health Minister KK Shailaja says that although it seems the first wave of the outbreak may be over, people should prepare for a second wave:\n“The presence of Nipah virus can be confirmed only when the affected people show symptoms. So it is very essential for the affected people to be alert till their incubation period is over…The government has made elaborate arrangements to check the spread of the disease and the people who closely engaged with the Nipah infected people should avoid public gatherings and meeting till the end of the incubation period.”", "summary": "Seventeen deaths have been reported in Kerala, India, from Nipah virus, a disease causing acute respiratory syndrome and fatal encephalitis with no available vaccine. The virus is primarily spread by fruit bats via contaminated fruit, but can also be transmitted through direct contact with infected bats, pigs, or other humans, especially family members and caregivers; a nurse treating patients has also died. Kerala's fruit and vegetable exports have been banned, and the UAE has issued a travel warning. Health officials warn that a second wave may follow, urging vigilance during the incubation period and avoidance of public gatherings for those exposed."}
{"id": "7c0ac80ee2aecc7ce5b7c60470f8836e1292f615c8c3fd1a08a72a2b7ecf233e", "source": "What is Ruby on Rails:\n- Ruby is a very powerful programing language. It is used to provide the fonctionalities a dynamic web site need.\n- Rails is a framework. It profide the stucture, a high level of fonctionalities, and encourege a clean programing style.\nThe advantage are: high level of fonctionalities, short time frame to show a working draft of the site, high level of adaptability and maintenability (agil design).\nWhat is Apache:\n- Apache is the frontal web server. Apache respond to the requests for a web page. Then if the content is static it will serve the content. If the content is dynamic, it wil pass the hand to the dynamic interpreter (PHP, Mongrel, Passenger Enterprise) witch will return the page built to Apache to be sent back to your browser.\nWhat is Mongrel:\n- Mongrel is one of the two engines we use to power the dynamic webs sites created with Rails.\nWhat is Passenger:\n- Passenger is our engine of choice to power Rail web sites. We are using the enterprise versions of Passenger and Ruby.", "summary": "The document explains that Ruby is a powerful programming language used for dynamic website functionality, while Rails is a framework that provides structure, many features, and promotes clean coding. It highlights advantages such as extensive functionality, rapid prototyping, and high adaptability and maintainability. Apache is described as the front‑end web server that serves static content directly and forwards dynamic requests to interpreters like PHP, Mongrel, or Passenger. Mongrel and Passenger are mentioned as engines used to run Rails applications, with Passenger Enterprise being the preferred choice."}
{"id": "7d13c979f23b2e74a2394fc51acd59bc739f8ee01eb24b01632fb6a6cb295569", "source": "An informa check online grammar freetive article, broadly speaking, is a very coordinated piece of written work that provides the author’s argument for any subject is being addressed. In the past, essays were largely classified into informal and formal classes. The former involved personal, personal, and sometimes private correspondence, although the latter comprised academic and scientific functions and research papers. It has changed over time, however, as more experiments are presently being prepared by scholars. The contemporary essay is composed on topics which aren’t only personal in nature; they’re also academic in nature and are often meant to be read and examined by other folks, also.\nEssay writing in academic and general essay writing specifically, are now recognized as a science that needs several skills, not simply writing skill. As an instance, a number of essays are composed in such a manner they are structured as though they had been laboratory experiments. The reader of the article or the professor who is reading it should first realize that the composition itself has a reason and a need to be discussed. Following this understanding, the reader can proceed further to interpret the data the essay gifts and find out whether the data presented makes sense to him or her.\nWhile most essays generally are inclined to follow a similar subject, a little focus more on one or two facets of this essay topic matter. These types of essays tend to be very analytical in character, though some can be extremely emotional. Therefore, they are also able to be highly creative, too. But most of the analytical essays are often written by people that have a degree in a given field of research and have gained a considerable amount of expertise and knowledge in this particular field. These kinds of essays, therefore, can be more difficult to write because they require more study and justification. Nevertheless, these types of essays do supply the author with a richer, deeper understanding of the subject which they are addressing, making them more valuable for the reader as well as the professor reviewing it.\nThere grammar check free are several different topics which may be addressed within a article. The topics which are generally taught in colleges and universities include mathematics, philosophy, history, economics, politics, and anthropology. There are different areas of the humanities, for example psychology, sociology, as well as religion. That may be written around, however these are normally not utilized to instruct and train future students. Students as part of the coursework. The topics are varied and there are numerous that the list is almost endless.\nThere are various formats that can be used to present the composition topic matter too. It may be written as a separate document, as is often done in several college textbooks, or even as a composition itself. The entire piece can be included in a book or utilized as a supplement to another, similar bit the pupil has written in a different book. A student writing an essay may either start it into a journal or in a publication that has been formerly written, in addition to on a page or website. The web also has a number of essay directories available to the student trying to compose a dissertation or research paper.\nThere are many diverse ways that an article could be coordinated. Several diverse sorts of essay illustrations exist online, including many that can be used to compose a simple article. Some examples will include sample essay styles and examples of the various essay formats that may be used. Other instances will include the type of formatting which ought to be used when finishing a composition. A student is dealing with a bunch of individuals writing to an educational audience.", "summary": "The text describes essays as coordinated written works that present an author's argument, noting a historical shift from informal personal correspondence to modern academic and scientific compositions. It claims essay writing is now treated as a science requiring multiple skills, with some essays structured like laboratory experiments to justify their data. Various essay types range from analytical to emotional, often authored by experts, and cover subjects such as mathematics, philosophy, history, economics, politics, anthropology, psychology, sociology, and religion. Essays can appear in books, journals, websites, or directories, using diverse formats and styles for educational audiences."}
{"id": "7d3f85a84dcbdcc9461b98039d48beaf210aab78e76e771548ae77d41fb79d4e", "source": "Moon Light World Map\nThe map below shows where the Moon is visible from the Earth, depending on weather conditions and moon phases.\nThe white dot symbolizes the position of the Moon, and the yellow sun symbolizes the position of the sun.\nView Day and Night Map\n- The bright part of the map shows where the moon is over the horizon on Saturday, November 12, 2011 at 12:58:00 UTC.\n- The Sun's position is marked with this symbol: . At this location, the Sun will be at its zenith (directly overhead) in relation to an observer.\n- The Moon's position is marked with this symbol: . At this location, the Moon will be at its zenith in relation to an observer. Note that the symbol is not showing the current phase of the Moon.\nFraction of moon illuminated: 97%\nPosition of the Moon\nOn Saturday, November 12, 2011 at 12:58:00 UTC the Moon is at its zenith at these coordinates:\n|Latitude: ||22° 14' ||North|\n|Longitude: ||179° 29' ||West|\nThe ground speed of the movement is currently 415.09 meters/second, 1494.3 km/hour, 928.5 miles/hour or 806.9 knots.The table below shows the Moon position compared to the time and date above:\n|Time||Longitude difference||Latitude difference||Total|\n|1 minute||0° 14' 29.7\"||15.48 mi||west||0° 00' 02.0\"||0.04 mi||north||15.48 mi|\n|1 hour||14° 29' 43.6\"||928.22 mi||west||0° 01' 59.6\"||2.29 mi||north||928.12 mi|\n|24 hours||12° 13' 16.6\"||782.68 mi||east||0° 17' 13.1\"||19.75 mi||north||782.13 mi|\nLocations with the moon near zenith\nThe following table shows 10 locations with moon near zenith position in the sky.\n|Midway||Sat 1:58 AM||695 km||432 miles||375 nm|| NNE|\n|Wake Island||Sun 12:58 AM||1480 km||920 miles||799 nm|| W|\n|Majuro||Sun 12:58 AM||1946 km||1209 miles||1051 nm|| SSW|\n|Honolulu||Sat 2:58 AM||2237 km||1390 miles||1208 nm|| E|\n|Tarawa||Sun 12:58 AM||2443 km||1518 miles||1319 nm|| SSW|\n|Baker Island||Sat 12:58 AM||2460 km||1529 miles||1329 nm|| S|\n|Yaren||Sun 12:58 AM||2920 km||1814 miles||1577 nm|| SSW|\n|Palikir||Sat 11:58 PM||2938 km||1825 miles||1586 nm|| WSW|\n|Kiritimati||Sun 2:58 AM||3290 km||2044 miles||1776 nm|| SE|\n|Adak||Sat 2:58 AM||3297 km||2049 miles||1780 nm|| N|\nRelated time zone tools", "summary": "The document describes a world map showing where the Moon is visible on Saturday, November 12, 2011 at 12:58 UTC, with the Moon at its zenith at 22° 14′ N, 179° 29′ W and 97% illumination. It lists the Moon’s ground speed (415.09 m/s) and provides positional changes over 1 minute, 1 hour, and 24 hours, as well as ten nearby locations (e.g., Midway, Wake Island, Honolulu) with their distances and local times when the Moon is near zenith. The Sun’s position is also marked for reference."}
{"id": "7da14a1032a294f864704cd60e86c38a46f887ee991b00c47fcd1ec0ecd1cf67", "source": "The COVID-19 vaccine is one of the greatest advancements of medical science ever. But while the vaccine represents a welcome key to finally overcoming COVID-19, it has also renewed the questions surrounding government’s involvement in our health. Confusion and debate around vaccine eligibility or “vaccine passports” all lead to one central question: Can the government force you to get a vaccine?\nSome say the answer is obviously “yes,” pointing to a 1905 U.S. Supreme Court decision in the case of Jacobson v. Massachusetts. However, that decision, which upheld a mandatory vaccinations law in the Bay State, is an imperfect guide to resolving today’s vaccination debate.\nFirst, the background on Jacobson: The case stemmed from a smallpox outbreak in New England at a time when the disease was still highly lethal. At the height of smallpox epidemics in the late 1800s, fatality rates reached as high as 80%, and even those who were infected and recovered were left with nasty, permanent scarring.\nLuckily for the people at that time, a smallpox vaccine was in circulation. In fact, smallpox had been the first infectious disease that scientists had beaten with a vaccine. But in response to that latest outbreak, Massachusetts officials imposed a mandatory vaccine law as a public health measure.\nIn Cambridge, a minister named Henning Jacobson contested the state’s vaccine mandate in court, arguing that the law violated his constitutional rights under the Fourteenth Amendment. That case wound up at the Supreme Court, which ruled in the state’s favor.\nIn the end, the Supreme Court ruled that the government could require citizens to be inoculated.\nEnd of discussion, right? Can the government force you to get a vaccine? Yes.\nNot necessarily. It’s worth probing how the current situation differs from this case that happened over a century ago.\nThe Jacobson decision was relatively limited in scope. First, Jacobson did not say that the government could hold you down and stick a needle in your arm. It said the government could, under certain circumstances, pass a law requiring you to get a vaccine or pay a $5 fine (about $150 in today’s dollars). So, the decision doesn’t necessarily support the idea that vaccination can be legally compelled.\nSecond, the Court explicitly said there was no evidence that the smallpox vaccines were dangerous or didn’t work. At that time, smallpox vaccines had been around for a hundred years and had been shown to be relatively safe and effective. Had there been questions about the safety or efficacy of the smallpox vaccine in 1905, the Justices may have thought differently.\nLastly, it’s important to note that Jacobson establishes a reasonableness test.\nGovernment actions must be reasonable under any circumstances, and what is defined as reasonable may change based on the facts. It doesn’t mean that when there’s an emergency, the government suddenly has more power and the courts must simply defer to that power. There is no world in which the government should enjoy the right to be unreasonable—even in a public health emergency.\nThis gets at the root of why we should be skeptical of those who invoke Jacobson in today’s debate. Some legal experts seem to view the Jacobson decision as essentially a “free pass” for whatever emergency measures government officials feel are needed to combat COVID-19. But an emergency is not a blank check for politicians and bureaucrats to enact any law, regulation, or policy they choose.\nEven during an emergency, lawmakers must establish and enforce policies that balance public safety with individual rights, and they must do so by going through the proper channels while respecting our Separation of Powers.\nSo how should Americans view the COVID-19 debates, and the question of can the government force you to get a vaccine today in light of Jacobson? Jacobson establishes that the government must provide clear evidence that what it’s doing is necessary, in a transparent and accountable manner. In Jacobson, the Court essentially said, “We think this vaccine requirement is a pretty reasonable and narrow restriction on people’s liberty in light of the circumstances.”\nBut Jacobson is not a justification for any and all restrictions on liberty, even in the context of a public health emergency.", "summary": "The text discusses whether the government can compel COVID-19 vaccination, referencing the 1905 Supreme Court case Jacobson v. Massachusetts, which upheld a smallpox vaccine mandate but was limited to allowing fines for non‑compliance and required evidence of safety and necessity. It argues that Jacobson establishes a reasonableness test, meaning government actions must be justified and proportionate even in emergencies, and cautions against using the case as a blanket authority for any public‑health measure."}
{"id": "7dd0f8c5b5e0aa498750d97eb0dc05dc72f6c37359d5cfc826e6367c861ea29e", "source": "Iontophoresis, Sonophoresis, and Microneedles Permit Effective Transdermal Delivery of Biologics\nThe transdermal delivery of biologics—as well as of conventional drugs—is growing in popularity because the technique offers numerous advantages. It reduces pain, biohazardous waste, and risk of infection. Most importantly, needle-free drug delivery generally increases patient compliance.\nAt the AAPS National Biotechnology Conference in Boston, held June 19–21, a session entitled “Transdermal Delivery of Proteins,” explored some of the more popular technologies being used today. Among them are iontophoresis, sonophoresis (ultrasound), and microneedles. All of these approaches enhance transdermal drug delivery by increasing skin permeability and allowing the transmission of large molecules.\nThis is necessary because “99% of a human’s pores are smaller than 100 angstroms in radius,” said Samir Mitragotri, PhD, assistant professor of chemical engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara (www.ucsb.edu). He points out that with each of these techniques, the drug must penetrate only the upper layer of the epidermis—the stratum corneum, which provides the greatest barrier to transmission.\n“Lipid bilayers are the main building blocks of this barrier,” said Mitragotri. “The drug must diffuse through all of the bilayers.”\nMitragotri and the other speakers discussed some of the most common transdermal techniques being used today to penetrate the stratum corneum and deliver life-saving therapeutics.\nIontophoresis propels high concentrations of a charged substance through the skin by a low electrical current. This technique is standard in physical therapy, “but the new thing is using it for systemic delivery,” said Ajay Banga, PhD, professor and chairman of pharmaceutical sciences at Mercer University in Atlanta, Georgia (www2.mercer.edu).\nSonophoresis, or ultrasound, creates holes in the skin, and allows fluids to travel into or out of the body. “When sound is emitted at a particular frequency, the sound waves disrupt the lipid bilayers,” said Mitragotri.\nHe pointed out that the ideal ultrasound frequency range for the transdermal delivery of biologics is 50-60 KHz. “The higher the frequency, the more dispersed the transmission,” he said.\nAnother technique involves using microneedles to deliver drugs. ”These are extremely small needles that perforate the stratum corneum without stimulating the nerves,” said Mark Prausnitz, PhD, associate professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (www.gatech.edu). They are usually made from solid silicon or metal, and can also be hollow.\nSometimes, microneedles are used with an electronically controlled micropump that delivers the drug at specific times, or upon demand.\nLike all of the transdermal methods, microneedles are painless. “Their sensation depends on the geometry of the needle, but length is the most important factor,” said Prausnitz.\nMicroneedles are also used to extract fluids, such as blood, for measuring glucose.", "summary": "At the AAPS National Biotechnology Conference, researchers highlighted iontophoresis, sonophoresis, and microneedles as effective transdermal methods for delivering biologics by increasing skin permeability, particularly through the stratum corneum’s lipid bilayer barrier. Iontophoresis uses low electrical currents to drive charged drugs, sonophoresis employs 50‑60 kHz ultrasound to disrupt lipid layers, and microneedles—tiny solid or hollow silicon or metal needles—pierce the stratum corneum without stimulating nerves, allowing painless drug administration and even fluid extraction. These techniques aim to improve patient compliance by offering needle‑free delivery."}
{"id": "7ee3c3687cf2406207e2d3d293508d8145c5ff230ef59cbf944dc3d23fe30503", "source": "Preparatory actions [A]\n- Evaluation of the conservation status of the wolf population in the project area, analysis applied management and development of the National Action Plan for the management of the wolf population in Romania.\n- Identification and evaluation of traditional farming systems to disseminate best practices necessary to reduce conflicts\n- Create an integrated GIS database to support and demonstrate conservation actions of the project\n- Analysis of the general public, hunters and breeders attitude regarding wolves.\nConservation actions [C]\n- Increasing reproductive success through the effective protection of wolf dens and rendezvous areas, and maintain minimum viable population of wolves in the project area through improving management of prey species which provides the basis trophic\n- Transferring the best practices on wolf population evaluation methods and improve the current method and management of wolves in the project area, by involving hunters and volunteers into monitoring action\n- Implement best practice and demonstration actions to reduce wolves-farmers conflicts, setting up a kennel of traditional dogs and long-term maintenance of the network owners of livestock guard dogs\n- Identification and promotion solutions to reduce habitat fragmentation by transport infrastructure\n- Reduce wolves health risks and competition on prey species by improving management of stray dogs\n- Improve the identification of the livestock damage caused by wolves\nMonitoring actions [D]\n- Monitoring the impact of conservation actions of the project\nAwareness actions [E]\n- Promoting the project objectives and results and installation of information boards in the project area\n- Implementat an educational and information campaign about wolf addressed to to the general public, hunters, animal breeders, students, teachers (promoting the concept of wolves conservation) and to the personnel administering natural areas overlapping the project areal\n- Development and dissemination of a documentary film “Wolves, from conflict to coexistence” and a monograph dedicated to wolves in Romania\nVolunteer for wolves!", "summary": "The document outlines a wolf conservation project in Romania, detailing preparatory actions such as evaluating wolf population status, assessing traditional farming practices, creating a GIS database, and surveying public attitudes. Conservation actions aim to boost wolf reproductive success by protecting dens and managing prey, improve monitoring methods with hunter and volunteer involvement, reduce farmer-wolf conflicts via guard dogs, mitigate habitat fragmentation, manage stray dogs, and better assess livestock losses. Monitoring will track impacts, while awareness efforts include information boards, educational campaigns for various audiences, a documentary film, and a monograph."}
{"id": "7f12d030927b84654b16c9d49a23d61f368b8e8f96fb15c6e767c3c85014a645", "source": "Recover lost or deleted files\nIf you can't find a file you are looking for, it might have been saved in or moved to a different folder than the one you expected, or the file might have been sent to the Recycle Bin.\nYou can start looking for the file by using the Search folder, though you can also look for the file by inspecting folders where you think the file is likely to be. Try one of these options:\nSearch using all or part of the file name, if you can remember it, or using any tag or file property that will help distinguish it from other files on your computer. For more information, see Find a file or folder.\nThese are the most likely places to look for lost or deleted files:\nThe default save location of the program you used to create the file\nOpen the program you used to create the file.\nClick the File menu, and then click Save As.\nThis opens the location where the file was probably saved.", "summary": "The document advises how to locate lost or deleted files, suggesting they may be in unexpected folders or the Recycle Bin. It recommends using the Search folder with part of the file name, tags, or properties, and also checking likely locations such as the default save folder of the creating program. It instructs opening the program, selecting File → Save As to view the probable save location."}
{"id": "7f7b28abcc872b8d368c0f14ec3e33b4e4b6421fb1eaf18a6c7104e424afdd64", "source": "Ah, the sounds of Christmas: carolers at the door, a crackling fire, the rip of wrapping paper and ... the sharp chirp of the yellow-rumped warbler.\nOrnithologists fanned out with military precision throughout the East Bay on Sunday for the annual Audubon Christmas Bird Count. The tradition, started 113 years ago as an alternative to holiday bird shoots, puts bird lovers worldwide in the role of citizen scientists to collect vital data used by researchers to monitor climate change. Last winter during the two weeks near Christmas, more than 63,000 volunteers counted birds in 2,200 places around the globe.\nAlameda birders gathered at dawn, armed with high-powered bird-spotting telescopes that cost more than a used car, \"The Sibley Guide to Birds\" and much adrenaline. They trekked along the shoreline, at the Least Tern sanctuary at the shuttered Alameda Naval Air Station, and near residential lagoons to peer over the water and into the trees.\n\"Is that a long-billed curlew?\" Kim Wallace said as she bent over her scope at the Elsie Roemer Bird Sanctuary along the Alameda mudflats.\n\"A curlew! Hot shoot!\" said Leah Norwood, running to her tripod-mounted scope to confirm the sighting.\nIdeal spot for birders\nMost curlews, like many of the shorebirds seen in California during winter, migrate from colder Arctic climates, making the Bay Area an ideal spot for bird watching.\nThe mudflats were so busy with flitting white sandpipers, it was impossible to count them all. The group estimated there were 2,000 Western sandpipers and 3,500 Dunlin sandpipers.\nDiversity matters most\nThe birders cheered at spotting the snowy plover, a federally threatened species, and later, a black-crowned night heron in a tree near the Broadway Street Lagoon.\nDiversity is more important than a high count because rare sightings indicate good Earth stewardship, said Leora Feeney, who has been organizing Alameda's Audubon bird counters since 1975.\nThe bird that is disappearing fastest from count lists in the East Bay, according to data analyzed by Bob Lewis of the Golden Gate Audubon Society, is the white-winged scoter. Christmas counters have noted a 95 percent decline in white-winged scoter sightings since 1974.\nOn the flip side, the common raven is the most prolific. It has seen a 1,258 percent increase over the same time period. One theory is that there are now 40 percent more humans in Alameda, which means more garbage - a buffet ravens find irresistible.\nRight behind the common raven, the red-shouldered hawk increased by 978 percent, with sightings jumping from three hawks to 29.\nStarling most common\nThe most common East Bay bird, by far, is the European starling - with more than 6,000 sightings since 1974. It's an invasive bird that draws grumblings from birders who take issue with its survival strategy - bullying other birds out of their nests and then taking the homes for themselves.\nEverything that can be spotted in one day must be counted - even the rows of pigeons lined up on a telephone wire, which were completely ignoring a plastic barn owl secured to the pole. Or the multitudes of Canada geese lazily marching over a school soccer field, nipping at the soggy grass.\nExcuse to get outdoors\nIt's a high point in the year for Audubon Christmas counter John Luther, who has logged 16,000 different birds in all 58 California counties over the past half century. The avian-obsessed are not unlike those who chase storms, he said.\n\"Bird watching is a great excuse to get outdoors and explore California,\" said the retired biology teacher. \"I love trying to find rare birds. I'll get up at 2 a.m. and drive to San Diego if I hear of a new bird spotted there, and not even think twice.\"\n-- For Audubon Christmas Bird Count historical data, visit sfg.ly/T0LnZj.", "summary": "On Sunday, Alameda birders participated in the Audubon Christmas Bird Count, a 113‑year‑old citizen‑science effort that mobilizes volunteers worldwide to track bird populations and climate change. Using high‑power scopes, they surveyed shoreline and mudflat habitats, noting species such as long‑billed curlew, Western and Dunlin sandpipers, snowy plover, and black‑crowned night heron. Data show a 95 % decline in white‑winged scoter sightings since 1974, while common ravens have risen 1,258 % and red‑shouldered hawks 978 %, likely linked to human activity. The invasive European starling remains the most common East Bay bird with over 6,000 sightings."}
{"id": "7f99fd626f9bf88b75bb915ff86f4b00333eca7b453c7efb827a078797719be8", "source": "Garlic is a wholesome meals that will have some antimicrobial properties. However, there is no proof from the present outbreak that eating garlic has protected individuals from the brand new coronavirus.\nThermal scanners are efficient in detecting people who have developed a fever (i.e. have a better than normal physique temperature) due to an infection with the brand new coronavirus. There is no cause to believe that cold weather can kill the brand new coronavirus or different diseases. The regular human physique temperature remains round 36.5°C to 37°C, regardless of the exterior temperature or weather. The handiest approach to protect yourself towards the new coronavirus is by frequently cleaning your arms with alcohol-based mostly hand rub or washing them with cleaning soap and water. Being able to maintain your breath for 10 seconds or extra with out coughing or feeling discomfort DOES NOT imply you’re free from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or some other lung illness.\nPeople may also be infected by touching a contaminated surface and then their eyes, mouth or nose. Methanol, ethanol, and bleach are generally used in cleaning products to kill the virus on surfaces – nonetheless you must by no means drink them. They is not going to kill the virus in your physique and they will hurt your internal organs.\nThere is not any evidence that frequently rinsing the nostril with saline has protected people from an infection with the new Coronavirus. However, they can not detect people who are contaminated however are not yet sick with fever. This is because it takes between 2 and 10 days before people who are contaminated turn into sick and develop a fever.\nIf true, this strengthens the case for face masks, bodily distancing, and make contact with tracing, all of which may help scale back the danger that someone who’s infected however not yet contagious might unknowingly infect others. Click right here to learn more about COVID-19 symptoms, unfold, and different basic data.\nCatching the new coronavirus DOES NOT mean you’ll have it for life. respiratory droplets when an infected individual coughs, sneezes or speaks.", "summary": "The text explains that garlic has no proven protective effect against COVID-19 and that thermal scanners only detect fever, not infection. Regular body temperature stays around 36.5‑37 °C regardless of weather, and the primary prevention method is frequent hand cleaning with alcohol‑based rubs or soap. Transmission can occur via contaminated surfaces touching the face, and disinfectants like methanol, ethanol, or bleach should not be ingested. Nasal saline rinses lack evidence of protection, and asymptomatic carriers may not show fever for 2‑10 days, supporting the use of masks, distancing, and contact tracing to reduce spread."}
{"id": "80da46cb3c9c62b96c0e0ecaf4046a5b96d90f263cd7c667cd63ea8c548bc47b", "source": "Expanded Hebrew Course for Beginners\nThe expanded Hebrew course consists of the following:\n- 47 detailed lessons that start from scratch and cover the essential Hebrew grammar, illustrated through simple texts that gradually develop into more and more complex pieces, including an Ephraim Kishon story (lessons 45-47). See free lessons\n- A collection of hundreds of useful Hebrew sentences divided into categories (such as weather, food, five senses) for quick and easy access. See sample (samples contain a lot of audio and may take a second or two to appear).\n- 340 short vocabulary lessons that usually focus on a root and present words deriving from it. Each lesson contains an explanation of the root as well as examples. See samples: Sample 1, Sample 2, Sample 3, Sample 4\n- 20 short Biblical Hebrew lessons that analyze verses taken from the book of Genesis. They are primarily designed to expand the student's Hebrew knowledge by comparing classical Hebrew to modern Hebrew. See sample\n- Hebrew verb conjugation tables: You select a verb from a list and you get a complete conjugation of the representative verb in all tenses and forms. See sample.\n- Easy Hebrew Texts: This is a collection of 190 short texts, consisting mainly of simplified news items, that allow the students to practice their knowledge and learn new vocabulary in various areas - politics, economy, technology, science, health, entertainment, and more. See sample\nTo subscribe to the Milingua Hebrew course click here.", "summary": "The expanded Hebrew course for beginners offers 47 detailed lessons covering essential grammar through progressively complex texts, including an Ephraim Kishon story, plus hundreds of categorized sentences, 340 short vocabulary lessons focused on roots, 20 Biblical Hebrew lessons comparing Genesis verses to modern Hebrew, verb conjugation tables, and 190 simplified news texts across various topics."}
{"id": "83faf0b117b0c7965a59175e6350f486c370dac1b54303f0c933c6712355608c", "source": "“Though it addresses difficult issues filled with legal and public health complexities, They Go to Die is ultimately a story of humanity – a celebration of family and the power of relationships.”\nAs many know, this is an organic film project that collected individual responses from students, researchers, and global health leaders. We didn’t start with a complete film, rather used short clips in the context of a discussion to better identify positive and negative components. Now, for the feature length theatrical film, we are in the midst of some exciting developments that will change the story structure, and are currently developing a new synopsis of the film. Check back later to find our official synopsis!\nThey Go to Die is a documentary film-in-progress investigating the life of four former migrant gold mineworkers in South Africa and Swaziland who have contracted drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and HIV while working at the gold mine. When the miners fail to improve their TB status at the mining hospital, they are sent home to rural areas of South Africa often with no continuation of care or means for treatment. This practice is often referred to as “sending them home to die” by leading health officials.\nThe film raises concerns of disease and human rights violations uniquely though the context of life, love, and family; unlike traditional health films, it focuses on relationships and bonding, not death and disease. It is a film of uniting across cultures and paints a portrait of common humanity.", "summary": "They Go to Die is a documentary in development that follows four former migrant gold‑mine workers from South Africa and Swaziland who contracted drug‑resistant tuberculosis and HIV while working in the mines. After failing to improve at the mining hospital, they are sent back to rural areas without continued care, a practice described by health officials as “sending them home to die.” The film examines the human‑rights and public‑health implications of this practice while emphasizing family, relationships, and shared humanity rather than focusing solely on disease and death."}
{"id": "85f7867157b43aa489b09eea77fd79c348f0d5ee9a45853817e310f8897ca510", "source": "No one, for instance, wants eastern European mobsters, or Columbian drug lords entering our country as part of a thoughtful immigration policy. And once we've said that it is imperative that we restrict unfettered immigration, the \"numbers\" aren't as important, at least to me, as the principle. Numbers, fences and a viable work force are for the politicians to wrestle with.\nAlthough I believe that a sound immigration policy is in this country's best interests, I have been dismayed of late by the tenor of racism that seems to be accompanying much of the anti-immigration rhetoric. One only has to spend a little time looking at online blogs to discern that at least some of the anti-immigration voice is really an \"anti-Mexican\" voice.\nThere is simply no place for racism in this discussion. America is a melting pot of many different races and cultures and the reality of our ethnic and racial diversity led 19th-century American author Herman Melville to observe: \"The blood of the world flows through the veins of Americans. We are not a narrow tribe.\"\nToday, in Colorado, we are standing at a crossroad.\nIt would be wonderful if a \"blueprint for racial acceptance\" existed. Unfortunately, no such design document exists and thus we must create our own strategies. In the latter part of the 19th century, the Colt 45 made all men equal. As we approach the new millennium, the great equalizer must be education. This education must exist on at least two levels. First, we must educate ourselves and our communities about racial and ethnic issues. We must name the value of racial and ethnic tolerance and acceptance, and then we must engage in claiming behaviors which support our assertions.\nSecondly, education must include ensuring that all children receive a good public education. I do wholeheartedly believe that immigrants to this country should learn English, but the issue of bi-lingual education has never really been resolved. Research suggests that providing transitional instruction in a child's native tongue while they learn English will help promote academic success.\nFollowing the \"Golden Rule\" of \"doing unto others as you would have them to unto you\" may be another way of promoting the value and worth of each individual within our communities. It is important, however, to recognize the fact that the dominant culture is not solely responsible for this and will never be the entire solution. Each ethnic and/or racial group, as well as each individual community member, should work hard to promote racial acceptance. Racial slurs are unacceptable and can have a chilling effect upon one's ability to learn and a person's desire to engage in being an asset to his/her community.\nWill we work it out? Will we put aside racist notions and develop positive immigration policies predicated upon the value that America is the greatest nation in the world; a nation of immigrants and their offspring which has much to offer anyone who wants to work hard and prosper? Will we learn the lessons of racial tolerance and acceptance which strengthen our entire community?\nThough to many, the prospects do not appear promising, we must be hopeful and we must be successful. The stories of our immigration, our racial and ethnic backgrounds are different but they are not disparate. We are connected, in the words of Walt Whitman as a \"vast, surging, hopeful army of workers\" in the building of our nation. From our very founding we have also struggled in the realization of our political ideals of democracy and equality. There is, in the words of Abraham Lincoln, \"unfinished work.\" We must start today. We must continue tomorrow and for as many tomorrows as it takes.\nTom Westfall is a resident of Sterling. He teaches parenting classes at Family Resource Center.", "summary": "The author argues that immigration policy should focus on principle rather than numbers, condemning racist anti‑immigration rhetoric—particularly anti‑Mexican sentiment—and emphasizing that racism has no place in the debate. They call for education as the \"great equalizer,\" advocating both community learning about racial and ethnic issues and quality public schooling, including bilingual support for immigrant children. The piece urges mutual respect, the Golden Rule, and collective effort from all ethnic groups to foster racial tolerance and a positive immigration framework, citing historical voices and local involvement by Tom Westfall."}
{"id": "867cd29ca1898109a6cdb5db8ac089a05cc63f5c5c61d490a2f92e74886883db", "source": "Residual Data is data that is unintentionally left behind on computer media. In forensic usage, remnant data is typically left behind after attempts have been made to delete the data, after the data has been forgotten, or after the media on which the data resides has been decomissioned.\nResidual data appears at all levels of modern computer systems:\n- Computer systems that are discarded.\n- Partitions in hard drives that are deleted.\n- Files on hard drives that are deleted but not overwritten.\n- Snippets of text in Microsoft Word files.\n- Heap variables that are freed with free()\n- Automatic variables left on the stack of languages like C or garbage collected in languages like Java.\nByers, Simon. Scalable Exploitation of, and Responses to Information Leakage Through Hidden Data in Published Documents, AT&T Research, April 2003\nChow, J., B. Pfaff, T. Garfinkel, K. Christopher, M. Rosenblum, Understanding Data Lifetime via Whole System Simulation, Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Security Symposium, 2004.\nGarfinkel, S. and Shelat, A., \"Remembrance of Data Passed: A Study of Disk Sanitization Practices,\" IEEE Security and Privacy, January/February 2003.", "summary": "Residual data refers to information unintentionally left on computer media after deletion attempts, neglect, or decommissioning, and can persist at various system levels such as discarded computers, deleted hard‑drive partitions, undeleted files, text fragments in Word documents, freed heap variables, and leftover stack or garbage‑collected variables. The cited works by Byers (2003), Chow et al. (2004), and Garfinkel & Shelat (2003) discuss exploitation, system‑wide data lifetime, and disk sanitization practices related to this hidden data."}
{"id": "86d83d9e789c0a59bb8eae63d17c6fa85ed080bc99df28aa632eb943ad17fcc3", "source": "5 Everyday Habits That May Be Hurting Your Memory\nYour memory is crucial to how you function on a daily basis, whether it is good or bad. While there are unfortunate diseases and conditions that are mostly unpredictable, there is a lot you can do to prevent yourself from experiencing impaired memory or memory loss in general early on. Habits that are actually common things in your every day life are unexpectedly affecting your brain and your memory without you even knowing it. Take a moment and review the five habits below to see what you can change for your cognitive health.\n• Alcohol consumption\nThere are two sides to alcohol consumption. Studies have shown that even one night out with the buddies can actually impair your memory and cognitive function during the next day, even when you’re completely sober. However, other studies have shown that regular and moderate consumption actually can reduce the effects of dementia later on. Excessive alcohol use effects the brain immensely and can completely change a person’s life on a negative scale.\n• Pushing yourself when you’re sick\nSometimes it is truly hard to stop working and actually relax, especially when we get sick. During this state, though, our bodies really need us to take a break and rest. If you continue to push and refuse to allow your body the rest and healing time that it needs, your brain will suffer big time, lowering your cognitive function.\n• Sleeping under the pillows\nIt is actually a common habit for people to cover theirselves, or their heads, with blankets or pillows when sleeping. As comfortable as this may be, it can actually reduce the levels of oxygen going to the brain, raising the levels of carbon dioxide. Your brain needs as much oxygen as it can get so try sleeping with your head uncovered and free.\n• Improper diets\nYes, controlling your diet all together has a big effect on your mental health, but recent studies have shown that diets that limit carbs actually impair one’s memory more drastically than following a standard ADA diet. Diets with high-fat also have weakened cognitive function as well. Stick with a traditional diet with whole, unprocessed foods and boost your exercise levels in order to improve your brain’s well-being.\nEveryone knows smoking is bad for your overall health. There have actually been countless studies that have linked smoking with decreased verbal memory and smokers actually having double the chance of acquiring Alzheimer’s disease. Research has also shown that smoking effects cognitive function, both short term and long term.", "summary": "The article lists five everyday habits that may harm memory: alcohol use, especially binge drinking, can impair cognition the next day while moderate regular consumption may lower dementia risk; working while sick can reduce cognitive function; sleeping with one's head covered may limit oxygen to the brain; low‑carb or high‑fat diets are linked to poorer memory compared with balanced whole‑food diets; and smoking is associated with reduced verbal memory and a doubled risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Adjusting these behaviors may support cognitive health."}
{"id": "86e9a6527dfbe25a36eecabb7c527c63e8fd765f67300c8a0a0b7207bd7ebdaf", "source": "Influenza (better known as the Flu), has always been a potentially deadly illness, but most strains can be fought off by young healthy people. A person with influenza or a similar illness will likely experience fever, body aches, joint pain, headache, fatigue, runny nose, sore throat, and cough. In an urban medical setting, it can be difficult to determine which virus is causing an illness; in a wilderness setting is basically impossible.\nSince the treatment for flu-like illness focuses on relieving symptoms, the cause doesn’t really matter. Treat for dehydration, give acetaminophen or NSAIDs for pain and fever relief, and watch for complications. If your patient experiences shortness of breath or has a fever and is unable to maintain hydration, they need to be evacuated.\nPreventing the spread of influenza is relatively easy. Arguably the easiest and most effective way to protect yourself is to wash your hands. Reminding people to cover their nose and mouth when they cough and sneeze also does wonders. A simple cold can last for up to two weeks before it runs its course, but will be milder than the flu.\nOfficials at the CDC don’t want to be alarmists, but they have issued a warning that the flu season is definitely upon us, and early indications are that this could be the worst flu season we’ve had in recent years.\nMost of us can probably attest to the onset of the flu season. Many employees have lost time at work because of flu-like symptoms and for some people, the holidays was a time spent in bed trying to get well from whatever was causing the aches and pains.\nThe flu usually manifests itself with a high fever, fatigue, body aches and a cough. Health officials remind us that the symptoms can come on quickly and often last for several days.\nThe best way to prevent the flu or at least lessen its severity if it does strike is to be vaccinated. The vaccine is available at most pharmacies including CVS, Rite Aid, Walgreen’s, and more.\nIn addition to receiving the vaccine, health officials urge residents to WASH YOUR HANDS frequently with soap and water. If you are sick, please stay at home. While some people think it’s valiant to go to work or school while they are sick, the reality is a sick person won’t perform well at his or her job in that condition; and a sick child almost certainly won’t retain any information learned that day. Not to mention, they’ll help to spread the virus!\nThe elderly, young children, and chronically ill people are at especially high risk of complications from the flu. We strongly recommended to get vaccinated; especially if they are in, or interact with those groups.\nThe flu is no laughing matter. It makes people feel lousy and can even kill in some circumstances. So heed the warnings and act responsibly to prevent yourself and others from becoming ill.\nGreat. I’ve Got The Flu… Now What?\nIf you’re unlucky enough to get the flu, remember to get plenty of rest, stay well hydrated, and take medications that work well against fever. Ibuprofen (ex. Advil) has been shown to reduce fever nearly twice as fast and more effectively than acetaminophen (ex. Tylenol) or even aspirin (ex. Bayer).\nAlso, be sure to stay on top of your hygiene; wash your hands frequently to help prevent spreading your illness to others, take a nice hot shower, and brush your teeth frequently. Not only does it help your system stay strong, but you feel a whole lot better afterwards! Lastly, despite the fact that you probably won’t feel like eating, eat a bland diet consisting of bananas, rice, applesauce, toast, and yogurts with live culture.\n• The CDC Flu Website\n• Download FREE Cold & Flu Posters (in English or Spanish)\n• OTC Medications & More", "summary": "The document describes influenza as a potentially deadly illness that typically causes fever, body aches, cough, and fatigue, with higher risk for the elderly, children, and chronically ill. It notes that diagnosis can be difficult, especially in wilderness settings, and treatment focuses on symptom relief, hydration, and monitoring for complications such as shortness of breath. Prevention emphasizes hand washing, covering coughs, staying home when sick, and vaccination, which is widely available. If infected, rest, hydration, ibuprofen for fever, hygiene, and a bland diet are recommended."}
{"id": "88905cf4965b8aec78ce20e8aadbeede8719fe8b763ff806961eda2244202061", "source": "Finally, a reputable source, the Harvard School of Public Health has put to rest the great fish debate. We have long known that fish is good, especially oil fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids. The problem is that recent analysis has shown that these fish are also high in PCBs, mercury and other toxic compounds. This study (Link via ScienceDaily) shows that overall, the benefits outweigh the risks, but that pretty much everyone should avoid tilefish (golden bass), king mackerel, shark and swordfish (my personal favourite).\nThe evidence was suggestive that mercury may have subtle effects on brain development for a child exposed in the womb, or in early childhood. To obtain the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids for brain development and minimize the potential risk of mercury, the investigators' findings agreed with the recommendations of the Environmental Protection Agency and Food and Drug Administration that women of childbearing age, nursing mothers and young children should eat up to two servings per week of a variety of fish (for example, salmon, light tuna, shrimp, mackerel, and up to 6 oz. per week of albacore tuna) and avoid only four species of fish--golden bass (also known as tilefish), king mackerel, shark and swordfish--larger, predatory fish that have higher levels of mercury. The researchers emphasized that this advisory is only for women of childbearing age, nursing mothers and young children, not the general population. Importantly, the evidence suggests that, for those women, it is as important for their health and for the brain development of their infants that they eat a variety of other types of fish as it is to avoid the four fish species higher in mercury.", "summary": "A Harvard School of Public Health analysis concludes that the health benefits of omega‑3‑rich fish generally outweigh risks from contaminants, but women of child‑bearing age, nursing mothers, and young children should limit intake to two servings per week of varied fish (e.g., salmon, light tuna, shrimp, mackerel, up to 6 oz albacore tuna) and avoid four high‑mercury species—tilefish (golden bass), king mackerel, shark and swordfish—while the advisory does not apply to the general population."}
{"id": "88eec63fcfd288fd01da055809bfa5dc3b1327f7eb26deaf3f70bfc93c859e1b", "source": "Retrieved from the Sea\nThe matter that came before the Beit Din (Rabbinical Court) was truly an unusual one. The claimant was Rabbi Safrin, the Admor of Komarna, and the defendant was a young survivor of the Holocaust. The issue was who had the right to a Sefer Torah that belonged to the Komarna Chassidim in pre-war Europe.\nThe defendant, who was the current possessor of the Sefer Torah, described to the judges how he had saved this sacred scroll by wrapping it around his body and thus concealing it from the enemy as he dashed from place to place. The court ruled in his favor on the basis of the Talmudic ruling that something retrieved from the sea belongs to the finder because its owner has certainly despaired of ever regaining possession.\nThe claimant accepted the decision but was so interested in bringing the Sefer Torah back to its ancestral home that he paid the defendant a handsome sum of money to relinquish ownership. Thus was the Sefer Torah once again \"retrieved from the sea\".", "summary": "A rabbinical court case involved Rabbi Safrin, Admor of Komarna, and a Holocaust survivor over ownership of a Sefer Torah originally belonging to the Komarna Chassidim. The survivor claimed he saved the scroll by hiding it on his person during the war. The court ruled in his favor, applying a Talmudic principle that items retrieved from the sea belong to the finder, as the original owners are presumed to have given up hope of recovery. Rabbi Safrin later purchased the Torah from the survivor, returning it to its community."}
{"id": "89949305575abd225cba635558833ca7dbe05b65146af5eeff54d664510cfef5", "source": "Guiding the sustainable development of sectors within the blue economy is critical not only to the global goal of thriving life under water (SDG 14), but also across many other goals related to resources, poverty, health, equity and wellbeing. This is especially the case for island and coastal states, where oceans support daily subsistence, livelihoods and economic opportunities, in the face of poverty and food and nutrition insecurity.\nThis paper aims to describe the role of key players in the value chain for milkfish Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775) in a mariculture Park in Balingasag, Misamis Oriental in the Philippines with an emphasis on gender dimensions. It also estimates the value additions done by the key players and assesses implications on income distribution. Mapping the chain involved primary data collection through observations, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The big, medium and small-scale fish cage operators – 90 % men – are the key players in production.\nGiant clam culture is discussed considering in particular Tridacna gigas , T. derasa, T. squamosa and Hippopus hippopus with respect to work undertaken at the Micronesian Mariculture Demonstration Center in Palau.\nIn this study the authors investigated whether short-term protection from predation improved survival of cultured juvenile sandfish released into a range of seagrass habitats located within potential community sea ranching sites. It also describes the biophysical properties of the habitats and relates these to sandfish growth. The results will assist project managers and community farmers in optimising methods for releases and in selecting suitable sites for sea ranching operations in New Ireland Province (NIP), PNG.\nMariculture of tropical sea cucumbers is promising, but the nursery rearing of juveniles is a bottleneck for farming and sea ranching. We conducted four medium-scale experiments lasting 3–6 weeks, using thousands of cultured juvenile sandfish Holothuria scabra, to optimise nursery rearing in mesh enclosures in earthen seawater ponds and to test rearing in enclosures in the sea. The findings and experimental approach should be valuable for optimising mariculture of other tropical sea cucumbers.\nThis paper aims to evaluate mariculture as sustainable livelihood diversification option for coastal fishers in the Philippines and guide policy development in this direction. Mariculture in the Philippines refers to the culture of finfishes, shellfish, seaweeds and other commodities in cages, pens, stakes and rafts in marine environment. This paper evaluates the biophysical and socioeconomic contexts in which mariculture operate.\nThe development of marine fish aquaculture in China is discussed; major species cultured include: mullets, tilapias, milkfish, porgies, groupers, flounders and seahorses.\nThe marine grouper species are considered high value food fish in several countries. However, controlled breeding and hatchery production of grouper fingerlings for commercial farming is still in its infancy. Investigations on the growth performance of the brown marbled grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forskal), camouflage grouper E. polyphekadion (Bleeker) and their hybrid (E. fuscoguttatus x E. polyphekadion) under hatchery and growout culture conditions indicate the potential of grouper hybrids for aquaculture.\nThe expected more interest of marine aquaculture projects in Egypt will increase the demands of marine seed production for a variety of species. The limited and inconsistent availability of wild finfish and shellfish larvae together with an urgent need of establishing selective breeding programs increased the interest in captive reproduction of finfish and shellfish worldwide. The selection of a species suitable for Egyptian marine aquaculture depends primarily on its marketing value, biology and the ability to produce juveniles in significant numbers for commercial production.\nA study of chemoreception in relation to feeding and other factors involved showed that feeding behavior in shrimps can be triggered by chemical stimuli. However, Penaeus indicus and Metapenaeus dobsoni differ significantly in their chemotactic response to different stimuli.", "summary": "The document reviews multiple aspects of blue‑economy mariculture, highlighting its importance for island and coastal livelihoods and linking it to several Sustainable Development Goals. It details case studies from the Philippines (milkfish value chain with gender analysis), Palau (giant clam culture), PNG (sandfish sea‑ranching and sea‑cucumber nursery trials), and broader assessments of mariculture’s socioeconomic and biophysical contexts in the Philippines, China, and Egypt. It also discusses early-stage grouper hatchery breeding, hybrid potential, and shrimp chemoreception research, emphasizing challenges and opportunities for sustainable aquaculture development."}
{"id": "89faef8abd1e5d521f66552e79fc06e3bc64421e248b3b08bc6b868e82c51197", "source": "PREVENTABLE tooth decay caused almost 27,000 children to undergo extractions in hospital, new government figures for England show.\nA total of 42,180 hospital tooth extractions were carried out on children aged 0 to 19 in 2021 to 2022, with those in deprived areas 3.5 times more likely to have a tooth extracted than those in the most affluent.\nTooth decay remains the most common reason for hospital admissions in children aged six to 10 years.\nThe procedures cost the NHS an estimated £81 million in 2021/22, with preventable decay-related extractions alone costing £51 million.\nWhile the figures are lower than pre-Covid tooth extraction rates (which totalled 55,137), they have been described by dental leaders as “shameful”, with fears that pandemic-related backlogs could be masking the true level of demand.\nMr Matthew Garrett, Dean of the Faculty of Dental Surgery, said: “Although we welcome the recovery of services after the pandemic and congratulate the community for their hard work, it is still shameful that preventable tooth decay is causing children to go to hospital and go under general anaesthetic.\n“Tooth decay is consistently the main reason children are admitted to hospital and is a clear indicator of health inequalities.” He called on the government to implement a prevention strategy that prioritises children’s oral health.\nHe added: “By implementing a coherent prevention strategy that includes supervised toothbrushing schemes, and using the upcoming budget to recommit to childhood obesity policies that reduce sugar consumption, millions could be diverted to improve access to dentistry.”\nBritish Dental Association chair Eddie Crouch warned that the scale of problems around child tooth decay could be even higher as practices struggle to recover elective services post-pandemic. He also raised concerns around access to NHS dentistry in England and called for government reform and investment.\nHe said: \"Decay and deprivation are going hand in hand, and this inequality is set to widen.\n\"None of this is inevitable. This government needs to be willing to take off the gloves when it comes to fighting a wholly preventable disease.\"\nThe Oral Health Foundation called for expansion of water fluoridation schemes and improvements to the NHS dental contract. CEO Dr Nigel Carter said: “Unless the proper steps are put in place to reduce the number of decay-related tooth extractions under general anaesthetic in hospitals, these numbers will continue to escalate and place a further strain on an already over-stretched NHS.”\nThis page was correct at the time of publication. Any guidance is intended as general guidance for members only. If you are a member and need specific advice relating to your own circumstances, please contact one of our advisers.\nSave this article\nSave this article to a list of favourite articles which members can access in their account.Save to library", "summary": "Government figures for England show that preventable tooth decay led to 42,180 hospital tooth extractions in children aged 0‑19 during 2021‑22, costing the NHS about £81 million (£51 million for decay‑related cases). Children in deprived areas were 3.5 times more likely to need extraction, and decay remains the top cause of hospital admission for ages six to ten. Dental leaders described the situation as \"shameful\" and called for a prevention strategy including supervised brushing, sugar‑reduction policies, expanded water fluoridation, and NHS dental contract reforms to address health inequalities and reduce future extractions."}
{"id": "8a19f4db3e8c68355d7db74ba9c148259b05cbf5442309c42c03ca37a49d7e48", "source": "Lab vs. field instruments—when to use both\nWhether researchers measure soil hydraulic properties in the lab or in the field, they’re only getting part of the picture. Laboratory systems are highly accurate due to controlled conditions, but lab measurements don’t take into account site variability such as roots, cracks, or wormholes that might affect soil hydrology. In addition, when researchers take a sample from the field to the lab, they often compress soil macropores during the sampling process, altering the hydraulic properties of the soil.\nField experiments help researchers understand variability and real-time conditions, but they have the opposite set of problems. The field is an uncontrolled system. Water moves through the soil profile by evaporation, plant uptake, capillary rise, or deep drainage, requiring many measurements at different depths and locations. Field researchers also have to deal with the unpredictability of the weather. Precipitation may cause a field drydown experiment to take an entire summer, whereas in the lab it takes only a week.\nThe big picture—supersized\nResearchers who use both lab and field techniques while understanding each method’s strengths and limitations can exponentially increase their understanding of what’s happening in the soil profile. For example, in the laboratory, a researcher might use the PARIO soil texture analyzer to obtain accurate soil texture data, including a complete particle size distribution. They could then combine those data with an HYPROP-generated soil moisture release curve to understand the hydraulic properties of that soil type. If that researcher then adds high-quality field data in order to understand real-world field conditions, then suddenly they’re seeing the larger picture.\nBelow is an exploration of lab versus field instrumentation and how researchers can combine these instruments for an increased understanding of their soil profile. Click the links for more in-depth information about each topic.\nParticle size distribution and why it matters\nSoil type and particle size analysis are the first window into the soil and its unique characteristics. Every researcher should identify the type of soil that they’re working with in order to benchmark their data.\nIf researchers don’t understand their soil type, they can’t make assumptions about the state of soil water based on soil moisture (i.e., if they work with plants, they won’t be able to predict whether there will be plant available water). In addition, differing soil types in the soil’s horizons may influence a researcher’s measurement selection, sensor choice, and sensor placement.\nDownload the “Researcher’s complete guide to soil moisture”—>", "summary": "The document discusses the complementary roles of laboratory and field measurements for soil hydraulic properties, noting that lab methods offer high accuracy under controlled conditions but may miss site-specific features like roots or macropore compression, while field studies capture real-world variability and weather influences but are less controlled and time‑intensive. It argues that combining both approaches—e.g., using a PARIO analyzer for texture and HYPROP for moisture release curves alongside high‑quality field data—provides a more comprehensive understanding of soil profiles. The text also emphasizes the importance of particle size distribution for interpreting soil moisture and guiding sensor selection."}
{"id": "8a900804aade298ae52422fcb0514f0e12790b87f2372c6b4a959f9ac349deca", "source": "Bed bug overview\nBed bugs are parasitic insects that are enjoying resurgence after several years’ dormancy. An adult bed bug is reddish-brown in color and has a flattened oval shape appearance. Only 1/4 of an inch in length, these tiny insects are wingless and have microscopic hairs that give them a banded appearance. Bed bugs are nocturnal creatures that feed only on blood. They prefer human blood whenever available but will also feed on other warm-blooded animals.\nThey like you. They really like you. The truth is that bed bugs are exceptional hitchhikers. They may find you in hotels, on airplanes and anywhere people congregate. They will also travel a far distance with an unsuspecting host. That means you might pick them up at the LaGuardia airport and bring them to Arkansas on your person or belongings. In fact, they will travel a far distance with an unsuspecting host. It's important to remember that bed bugs are not the result of a housekeeping or sanitation issue. These pests will infest any environment possible. According to the NPMA's 2013 Bugs Without Borders Survey, bed bugs are a serious problem in residential dwellings. They are also a serious pest problem for establishments that have high occupancy turnover. Mass transit and the increase in both domestic and international travel are also factors in the increased bed bug epidemic.\nAlthough they bite, bed bugs are not known to carry or spread diseases to us. Their bites often leave behind tiny red welts that appear in a line or cluster and that may cause minor to severe skin irritation. A bed bug bite could become dangerous if infected and in that case medical attention should be sought.\nBed bugs are hard pests to get rid of once they have infested an area. They are most active at night and hide during the day in hard to see areas. Prime hiding spots include furniture cracks and crevices, inside mattresses and box springs and behind wall hangings. Contacting McCauley Services is the ideal way to control your bed bug problems. We offer highly effective bed bug removal services that resolve infestations, no matter how severe.\nIn a word, no. Solving bed bug problems can be complex. Do-it-yourself methods are not always effective. And products used to kill bed bugs may contain chemicals that are also harmful to people and pets if mixed improperly. Bed bug treatments should be overseen by trained pest control professionals.\nThe health and safety of our customers, their families or employees is very important to us. That's why we use products and treatments that are EPA registered for pest control use. All our pest control professionals are registered and licensed by the state or local jurisdictions where we provide service to ensure proper application.\nWe make every effort to be with you as soon as possible. In most cases we can respond on the same or next day.\nTreating bed bugs requires a different treatment plan than say ants or roaches and therefore a different price. Our contracts are customized to meet your needs and expectations so our prices reflect that. When you contact our office we can provide you with a general price range for bed bugs. We may recommend a free inspection, where one of our representatives will thoroughly investigate your concerns, give you our recommendation for treatment and pricing information for the service.\nGiven their nature, bed bugs can be difficult to prevent. Being vigilant while on vacation or a business trip can gel prevent these bugs from catching a ride home. Of course, that is by no means 100% effective. At the first sign of bed bugs, contact McCauley Services.", "summary": "Bed bugs are small, wingless, reddish‑brown insects that feed on human and other warm‑blooded animal blood, primarily at night. After a period of dormancy they have resurged worldwide, aided by travel and high‑turnover housing, and are reported as a serious problem in residences and hospitality venues. Bites cause red welts that may irritate or become infected, though the insects are not known to transmit disease. They hide in cracks, mattresses, and furniture, making eradication difficult; professional pest‑control treatment using EPA‑registered products is recommended for effective removal."}
{"id": "8c46e1d4e1941802a2dc49ed0c471e71528619ba4d8e4075c6d5566a6c7ff16a", "source": "The testicles are attached to the spermatic cord and hang within the scrotum. It's possible for this cord to become twisted around a testicle, cutting off the testicle's blood supply. This is a condition known as testicular torsion. Dr. Jerman, what can you tell us about this condition?\nWell, Dr. Reynolds, symptoms of testicular torsion include:\n- Sudden and severe pain\n- Enlargement of the affected testicle\n- Tenderness, and\nThis condition, which occurs most often in young men between the ages of 12 and 18, can result from an injury to the testicles or from strenuous activity. In other cases, testicular torsion can occur without any apparent cause.\nTesticular torsion is an emergency condition, requiring immediate treatment. The treatment usually includes surgery to correct the problem. It's possible to save the testicle if the condition is diagnosed and corrected immediately. However, if the blood supply to the testicle is cut off for over six hours, the testicle can become permanently damaged and may need to be removed.", "summary": "Testicular torsion occurs when the spermatic cord twists, cutting blood flow to a testicle, causing sudden severe pain, swelling, and tenderness. It most often affects males aged 12 to 18 and may follow injury, strenuous activity, or arise without clear cause. It is a medical emergency; prompt surgical intervention can save the testicle, but if blood loss exceeds about six hours, permanent damage may require removal."}
{"id": "8c972d4493f492a5313ef1e415f71acfdd2f7739c55b75e547d15329ea0e8af6", "source": "Argument & Digital Writing\nSo, by now, you must feel like you’re becoming an expert in all of this argument stuff, even though there is a lot take in. However, before you conclude any lessons in writing good arguments, it’s important to think about the different forms arguments can take.\nIt’s not all about the essays, and though they are likely to be an important part of most college classes, digital writing is likely to play a role as well. You may be asked to create an argumentative presentation to supplement your essay, or you may be asked to create a web page or photo essay instead.\nWhen you enter the world of digital writing, the same rhetorical principals will apply: You have to think about your audience, purpose, and voice, and you have to consider your persuasiveness by thinking about how you will appeal to ethos, pathos, and logos. It’s just the medium of presentation might be different.\nThe following pages will offer some important tips on creating arguments in digital environments and link you to some additional resources, which can be helpful as you work with the technology.", "summary": "The text explains that arguments can be presented in various digital formats beyond traditional essays, such as presentations, web pages, or photo essays, and that the same rhetorical principles—audience, purpose, voice, and appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos—still apply. It emphasizes the importance of adapting persuasive strategies to the medium and offers tips and resources for creating effective digital arguments."}
{"id": "8d591ce6da9699e31d8f019cd68ad8863beb430a87029e3931ded02430a924ad", "source": "A paper published last week in the journal Science caused the world to reevaluate long-held views on cancer.\nA mathematician and cancer geneticist presented an elegant and thought provoking analysis that may require revision of the reigning hypothesis of the past forty years, that most cancers are primarily due to mutations which are either inherited or caused by environmental exposures, such as smoking or certain viruses.\nThe two authors of the paper analyzed the frequency at which cancer occurs in different tissues throughout the body varies dramatically.\nThe authors suggested that some proportion of cancers were due simply to random errors that occur during cell division when DNA is copied. They also reasoned that since stem cells are much longer-lived than the majority of cells making up an organ, it is mutations in stem cells that are most likely to contribute to cancer.\nAfter gathering and plotting the most reliable information available from previous research on stem cell number and divisions for 31 different tissues, a surprising correlation was discovered. As the number of stem cell division increased, so did the frequency of a particular cancer.\nEach type of cancer was then ranked according to an “extra risk score” which was obtained by multiplying the number of stem cell divisions by the lifetime risk.\nWhat the analysis suggests is that two-thirds of cancers may be due to bad luck rather than to hereditary and environmental factors. This theory turns the conventional theory of cancer on its head.\nThe major implication of this theory is that a large number of cancers are not likely to be preventable, greater efforts need to be directed at early detection so that cancers can be caught early and treated when treatment is likely to be more effective.\nSome believe that this new theory can reassure patients that they are not to blame for their cancer.", "summary": "A recent Science paper by a mathematician and a cancer geneticist challenges the long‑standing view that most cancers stem from inherited or environmental mutations, proposing instead that random errors during DNA replication in stem cells account for about two‑thirds of cancers. Analyzing stem cell numbers and division rates across 31 tissues, they found a strong correlation between stem cell divisions and cancer incidence, leading to an “extra risk score” that ranks cancers by this stochastic factor. The authors suggest many cancers are not preventable, emphasizing early detection over prevention, and note the theory may relieve patients from self‑blame."}
{"id": "8e46229322e1b7070cef068cd4e8f4990b0dd46d09755720e75ab3b10cd5cfd0", "source": "Does Metaphor Resolve Conflict?\nHow Mediators Think About Mediation\nA Way to Affect Clients' Thinking\nweb site explores what some\nbelieve is at the core of the mediation process -- changing how problems or\nconflicts are thought about.\nIn order to resolve a dispute,\nproblem or dilemma, one must think about it differently, see it at a\ndifferent angle, on a different level, pay attention to alternative aspects of\nit, and reorganize one's conception of it.\nThe mediator is someone who assists\n- not only by organizing the task, providing a suitable environment, and\nbalancing the emotional tone - but especially by helping clients think about issues in a changed way.\nAlthough there are many ways to\nbring about a changed way of thinking, metaphor may be the most powerful\nand flexible. I believe this is true because metaphor is not just a\nlinguistic or literary device. In fact, it defines subjective reality and is at the heart of our\nlearning and thinking process. Metaphor\nis inevitable as we conceptualize our experience, explore the unknown and make sense out of ourselves and others.\nChanged metaphors have the power to create a changed reality.\nGeneral Explanation of Metaphor.", "summary": "The document argues that mediation hinges on altering how parties perceive conflicts, suggesting that changing perspectives—through different angles, levels, or aspects—can resolve disputes. It emphasizes the mediator’s role in not only managing the process and emotional tone but also in reshaping clients' thinking, proposing metaphor as a particularly potent tool because it shapes subjective reality and underlies learning and conceptualization, thereby enabling a transformed reality."}
{"id": "8f0b8627333410fec733ffcad3191a3ca3e2679326b3a7a4817aae5f28b67b7b", "source": "Most of us learned from our elementary and high school history textbooks that in 1948 President Truman issued an executive order which mandated equal treatment and opportunity for all those serving in the military.\nThat action, of course, brought high accolades to Truman – and the citizenry viewed his order as a benevolent expression of gratitude towards the black soldiers who served their country in WW II.\nBut nothing could be further from the truth. Truman had no interest in desegregating the military. It wasn’t until A. Phillip Randolph, the charismatic black president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, warned Truman that his refusal to desegregate would result in a massive march on Washington of black citizens against the draft —a protest which Randolph himself would lead.\nNot wanting to risk such a crisis on his watch, Truman relented. And the rest, as the saying goes, is history.\nSadly, however, that history is not well known by the general public. Those who do know are the ones who have taken courses in Black Studies, or have read American history which promotes impartiality—not propaganda.", "summary": "The text argues that President Truman's 1948 executive order to desegregate the military was not motivated by gratitude toward Black soldiers but by pressure from A. Phillip Randolph, who threatened a large protest against the draft if desegregation was not pursued; thus, Truman acted to avoid a crisis, a perspective the author claims is under‑recognized by the general public."}
{"id": "8f77b5891983ac8dff1b6da8a24ba1e32659f6729f6781eaafd372e0d77ea346", "source": "The use of rotation should be carefully investigated and utilized in schemes designed to aid traditional farmers, keeping in mind that the value of crop rotation for the management of specific diseases is highly location specific. In addition to agronomic benefits, such as improved soil texture and better use of nutrients and water, rotations contribute to the management of soilborne pathogens. Rotations are probably the best documented traditional disease management practice.\nRotation of crops in a Bolivian mountain valley. Tarwi (purple flower) in the forground is an edible lupine. (Courtesy of Robert W. Hoopes)\nBack to Main page\nMore traditional agricultural methods :\n| Mulching |\n| Slash/Mulch | Frijol Tapado / Web Blight |\n| Manipulating Shade | Burning | Flooding |\n| Multiple Cropping | Using Organic Amendments |\n| Rotations | Fallow | Raised Beds |\n| Crop Diversity | Storage Practices |\n| Multistory Systems |\nComments and suggestions welcomed ...", "summary": "The document emphasizes that crop rotation, while offering agronomic benefits such as improved soil texture and more efficient nutrient and water use, is a highly location‑specific tool for managing soilborne diseases and is considered the best documented traditional disease‑management practice; it should be carefully investigated and applied in schemes supporting traditional farmers, alongside other methods like mulching, shade manipulation, and organic amendments."}
{"id": "8fad94d275dc461b78fa199ab4b58bb41175c8f30bba5d3b0dad6ef076208fdf", "source": "In keeping with LL2’s long standing tradition of providing you with the hardest hitting and most practical legal exposés, this blog will now present an informative series on the law of alien contact.\nTo begin with, I should probably instead use the word “extraterrestrial” rather than “alien,” as alien is already a well established legal term of art. So this is not the law of foreigners in a state’s territory, but rather the law of contact with intelligent non-human entities that did not originate from earth.\nWhat if First Contact happened tomorrow? How would humans react, and how would the law apply? Assuming the aliens didn’t immediately blast us out of existence, that is. I think it’s safe to say each state would want to have its own say in how things with the aliens go down, and that states would have their own individual opinions and conflicting agendas regarding the encounter. Which means, inevitably, they would each take whatever actions they deemed appropriate and then afterwords seek to justify those actions on the basis of contorted interpretations of international law. The United Nations would also want to establish a central role for itself in the fray, and because it does possess the institutional mechanisms that states tend to follow when seeking to take multinational action, the UN would likely emerge as the primary vehicle through which multilateral discussions and actions would take place.\nSo international law would be the natural language for states to use when framing these discussions. In this first post, I am going to examine how international law in its current form would govern an encounter in outer space between extraterrestrials and a national or international body. The next two posts will consider outer space encounters between aliens and private parties, and encounters with aliens on earth.\nRead the rest of this entry: What if aliens land on a Canadian space ship? »", "summary": "The blog introduces a series examining how existing international law would apply to contact with intelligent extraterrestrials, noting that individual states would likely pursue their own policies and later justify them through international law, while the United Nations would probably serve as the main forum for multilateral coordination; subsequent posts will address encounters involving private parties and terrestrial landings."}
{"id": "9151fcbe9cf6f1b4248a39d1f0f0f45300b14470737ea0b44fc6a85b9a87d466", "source": "- Current Events\n- Peace & Security\n- Science & Tech\n- Trade & Economy\nJuly 26, 2012 (TSR) - The results of a recent study indicate that those who lead lazy lifestyles face the same risk of death as smokers and the obese.\nAccording to the study published in the British medical journalThe Lancet, ironically ahead of the 2012 London Olympics, physical inactivity in 2008 led to the death of nearly 5.3 million people across the world, that is one in every 10 deaths.\nThis comes while smoking is responsible for about 5 million deaths throughout the world every year.\n“Physical inactivity has a large impact on the health of the world. In fact, its impact is comparable to that of cigarette smoking,” said Dr. I-Min Lee, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and lead author of the study.\nThe study also found that lack of exercise ups the risk of serious diseases including type 2 diabetes, colon cancer, breast cancer, and coronary heart disease.\nResearchers suggested that doing at least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity, such as quickly walking, cycling or gardening for 30 minutes each week help adults to stay healthy.\nThey further said that governments must warn people of the hazards of not getting enough exercise and make doing physical activity more convenient for citizens.\nMeanwhile, the Lancet research showed that people in richer countries do the least amount of exercise.\nSource: Press TV", "summary": "A study published in The Lancet found that physical inactivity in 2008 caused about 5.3 million deaths worldwide—roughly one in ten deaths—comparable to the mortality from smoking. The research linked sedentary lifestyles to higher risks of type 2 diabetes, colon and breast cancers, and coronary heart disease, and noted that people in wealthier nations are the least active. Authors, including Harvard’s Dr. I‑Min Lee, recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate activity weekly and suggest governments should warn about inactivity and facilitate exercise."}
{"id": "9357350f8de0e37f0d369e6d3222b3b552c4ba3cefe5f5891c1498c347512612", "source": "King James II of England (who was also James VII of Scotland) inherited the throne in 1685 upon the death of his brother, Charles II. James II was unpopular because of his attempts to increase the power of the monarchy and restore the Catholic faith. Deposed in the \"Glorious Revolution\" of 1688-89, he fled to France. His daughter and son-in-law succeeded him as Queen Mary II and King William III. James II died in 1701.\nUnless otherwise noted, these books are for sale at Amazon.com. Your purchase through these links will help to support the continued operation and improvement of the Royalty.nu site.\nJames II by John Miller. Biography from the Yale English Monarchs series.\nJames II: The Triumph and the Tragedy by John Callow. Charts James' life using little-known material from the UK National Archives. Includes James' own description of the Battle of Edgehill, his reasons for his conversion to Catholicism, and his correspondence with William of Orange.\nA Court in Exile: The Stuarts in France, 1689-1718 by Edward Corp. After James II was deposed, he established his court in France. The book describes his court and the close relationships between the British and French royal families.\nKing in Exile: James II: Warrior, King and Saint by John Callow. Reassesses James's strategy for dealing with his downfall and exile, presenting a portrait of a man who planned for great political rewards and popular acclaim.\nJames II and the Trial of the Seven Bishops by William Gibson. The trial of seven bishops in 1688 was a prelude to the Glorious Revolution, as popular support for the bishops led to widespread welcome for William of Orange's invasion.\nThe Making of King James II by John Callow is about the formative years of the fallen king. Out of print, but sometimes available from Alibris.\nThe Countess and the King: A Novel of the Countess of Dorchester and King James II by Susan Holloway Scott. Novel about Katherine Sedley, a royal mistress forced to make the most perilous of choices: to remain loyal to the king, or to England.\nThe Crown for a Lie by Jane Lane. Novel about how James II lost his throne. Out of print, but sometimes available from Alibris.", "summary": "The document outlines the reign of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland), who succeeded his brother Charles II in 1685, faced unpopularity due to his monarchical and Catholic policies, and was deposed during the Glorious Revolution of 1688‑89, fleeing to France where he died in 1701; it then lists several books—both scholarly works and novels—covering his life, exile, political actions, and related historical events, noting their availability and that purchases support the Royalty.nu site."}
{"id": "93a43f406b2fa298e4cd80e81654a25d7f916306aedba4c736d68730a82f3412", "source": "Head Start Children, Families, and Programs: Present and Past Data from FACES\n- Head Start\n- Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES), 1997-2013 | Learn more about this project\nThis report provides a portrait of children entering Head Start for the first time in fall 2009, as well as of their family backgrounds and the classrooms and programs that serve them. The report also offers comparisons across the past decade of the Head Start program to delineate trends and changes in the population served and the services provided. Data are drawn from the Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES), which was first launched in 1997 as a periodic, longitudinal study of program performance. Successive nationally representative samples of Head Start children, their families, classrooms, and programs provide descriptive information on the population served; staff qualifications, credentials, and opinions; Head Start classroom practices and quality measures; and child and family outcomes. FACES includes a battery of child assessments across many developmental domains; interviews with children’s parents, teachers, and program managers; and observations of classroom quality. In 2008, the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) funded Mathematica Policy Research and its partners—Educational Testing Service and Juárez and Associates—to design and conduct FACES 2009.\nFACES 2009 is the fifth in a series of national cohort studies—previous cohorts were initiated in 1997, 2000, 2003, and 2006. The FACES 2009 child sample was selected to represent 3- and 4-year-old children as they entered their first year of the program, drawing on participants from 60 selected programs from across the country. Successive samples of Head Start children, their families, and programs provide a rich source of ongoing information on the children and families served by Head Start and on the programs and staff providing these services. Interviews, observations, and assessments carried out on a recurring basis provide the means for assessing how the program is performing, currently and over time, in response to changing demographics and policy mandates.", "summary": "The Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES) is a longitudinal, nationally representative study launched in 1997 to assess Head Start program performance, child development, family backgrounds, classroom practices, and staff qualifications. The 2009 cohort, the fifth in the series, surveyed 3- and 4‑year‑old children entering Head Start for the first time from 60 programs nationwide, using child assessments, parent and teacher interviews, and classroom observations. The report compares data from 1997‑2013 to identify trends in the populations served and services provided."}
{"id": "94032abccd74bce44a11e031e23061cad22953bc3a0cfce13e9c2dbada7d6340", "source": "TIGHAR (pronounced “tiger”) is the acronym for The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery. It is a non- profit foundation whose activities include all manner of investigations and recoveries connected with rare and historic aircraft. It’s resources are devoted to the saving of old aircraft. The Executive Director of TIGHAR is Richard E. Gillespie, who has been involved in aviation for most of his life.\nThe Earhart Project\nTIGHAR’s Earhart project is testing the hypothesis that Amelia Earhart and her navigator Fred Noonan landed and eventually died on Pacific Island Nikumaroro. TIGHAR thinks that, having failed to find Howling Island, they landed Amelia’s Electra aircraft safely on the reef of Nikumaroro, and continued to send distress calls. However, by the time the US navy search planes flew over the island a week later, the distress calls had stopped, and the Electra had been swept off the reef.\nThe Navy saw signs of habitation, but believed the island to be inhabited anyway – which was in fact not the case. Earhart and Noonan could have lived as castaways for a while, and TIGHAR believe that she died on the island. They also think the remains of the Electra lie in deep water off the island’s west end.\nWhat is the Evidence?\nAmelia Earhart’s last radio messages gave her position and what she was intending to do, and it looks as though that could easily have led them to Nikuraroro. Radio calls were heard in the area for the next week, and bearings taken do suggest the calls came from that area. Navy fliers saw “signs of recent habitation”, but no-one had lived on the island since 1892.\nLater residents of Nikumaroro reported aircraft wreckage in the area. In 1963, inhabitants found aircraft wreckage. And in 1940, a British Colonial Service officer found the partial remains of a castaway and some other artifacts.\nTIGHAR has found a site on the island that fits the description of where the castaway’s remains were found in 1940, and has found further objects from the 1930s at the site. Archeological excavations throughout the last ten years have found and recovered physical evidence suggesting residence by an American woman in the 1930s. Overall, there is enough evidence to make the search worth continuing…this is more than just a vague idea!", "summary": "TIGHAR (The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery) is a nonprofit focused on investigating and recovering historic aircraft, led by Executive Director Richard E. Gillespie. Its Earhart Project tests the hypothesis that Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred Noolan landed on the Pacific island of Nikumaroro after failing to locate Howland Island, survived briefly as castaways, and died there, with their Electra aircraft later swept off the reef. Evidence cited includes Earhart’s last radio messages, subsequent radio bearings, Navy observations of recent habitation, 1940 and 1963 reports of wreckage and castaway remains, and recent archaeological finds of 1930s artifacts suggesting an American woman’s presence."}
{"id": "95029e873c2c54d92830b17334c71e0a3711f820d3d7e34c0b38c00f56845a07", "source": "A plant of limeberry\nSynonyms: Limonia trifolia, Triphasia aurantiola.\nOther names: Limau Kiah, Lemondichina\nLimeberry is a plant from South East Asia. It is a member of citrus family and is believed to have originated in Java, Indonesia. It grows naturally in forests It is grown for its small fruits.\nFoliage of limeberry\nLimeberry has now been introduced to many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is now widely cultivated in several in Pacific, Caribbean and Indian ocean countries for its fruits as well as an ornamental plant.\nA glabrous shrub or small tree with terete twigs bearing paired spines in the axils of the leaves; upto 3 m tall.\nLeaves 3-foliolate, the terminal leaflet ovate with a cuneate base and a rounded emarginate tip, 2-4 X 1.5-2 cm; lateral leaflets much smaller than the terminal one (1-2-2 X 0.8-1.2 cm), broadly rounded at the tip, cuneate at the base; petiolules very short (1.5-2 cm); petioles short (3-5 mm), wingless;.\nFlowers of limeberry\nFlowers appearing singly or 2 or 3 in the axils of the leaves; peduncles short (3-4 X 1 mm); flower buds cylindrical, 10-12 X 3-4 mm; flowers 3-merous (but with 6 stamens); sepals small (1.5-2 mm long), 3-lobed, green, persistent; petals white, 10-13 X 3.6-4.5 mm; staminal filaments slender, glabrous, 9-11 mm long, anthers oblong, 2 X 1 mm; disk annular or short-cylindric; ovary ovoid or fusiform with 3 locules, each with 1 ovule, narrowed into a slender, deciduous style with a capitate, 3-lobed stigma.\nLimeberry fruits on tree\nFruit ovoid or subglobose, sometimes apiculate, 1.2-1.5 cm long, dull reddish-orange or crimson when fleshy ripe; peel with many small oil glands; seeds 1-3, immersed in mucilaginous pulpy flesh.\nLimeberry fruits are eaten raw. These are also cooked and made into a preserve or candy. The fruits are also used in beverages.\nFruits of limeberry\nLimeberry is often planted as hedge or as specimen plant in the gardens. It is also quite suitable for growing as bonsai.\nNew plants are raised from seed. The plants can be planted in full or partial sunlight. Grow in full sun to part shade. These will require regular watering. They are not affected by mild cold but would require protection if the winter is too severe and long.", "summary": "Limeberry (Limonia trifolia, Triphasia aurantiola), also known as Limau Kiah or Lemondichina, is a small citrus shrub or tree native to Java, Indonesia, now cultivated across tropical and subtropical regions for its edible fruits, ornamental value, and use as hedges or bonsai. It grows up to 3 m tall, has three‑leaflet foliage, white three‑petaled flowers with six stamens, and produces ovoid, reddish‑orange fruits about 1.2–1.5 cm long that are eaten raw, cooked, or used in beverages and preserves. The plant thrives in full sun to partial shade, requires regular watering, and tolerates mild cold but needs protection in severe winters."}
{"id": "9671edd8bcfd247c1f5e2ee91f6f4cc1d82f87ca53d45868b851de9fd68d73aa", "source": "|Derivation||Delta- (triangle-) shaped.|\n|Origin||Lateral third of clavicle and spine of scapula, including the acromion process.|\n|Insertion||Lateral surface of the humerus, about halfway down.|\n|Action||Raises the arm at the shoulder.|\nDeltoid is regarded as having three portions: anterior, middle, and posterior.\nThe anterior portion originates on the clavicle and borders pectoralis. Between the two there is usually a distinct break, particularly when the muscle is tensed. The anterior portion will sometimes have a furrow that is visible on the surface.\nThe middle portion originates on the acromion process and forms the visible bulk of the muscle's insertion on the arm. (The fibers of the anterior and posterior portions run in back of this point.) The lateral portion's fibers run in a spiralling, segmented manner, which sometimes produce irregular short grooves when the muscle is tensed.\nThe posterior portion orginates on the spine of the scapula. Because of the forward-looking disposition of the head of the humerus, the anterior portion of the muscle is prominent while the posterior portion sits flatter on the back. The breaks on either side of the posterior portion are comparatively slight.", "summary": "The deltoid is a delta‑shaped shoulder muscle with three portions—anterior, middle, and posterior. Its origin includes the lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion process of the scapula, and the spine of the scapula. It inserts on the lateral surface of the humerus about halfway down. Its primary action is to raise the arm at the shoulder. The anterior portion may show a visible furrow, the middle portion forms the bulk of the muscle, and the posterior portion lies flatter on the back."}
{"id": "9696ab612746c78ceafa47a52798ca69e52b0bb7fd38cd1c543f570fc617e36a", "source": "Rising temperatures and beautiful sunny days after a long winter season may entice many families to go outside to enjoy the sunshine. While many families may be ready to go outside, one pest may be finding its way inside because June is the peak season for this pest: carpenter ant. as Carpenter Ants Cause Damage\nThese pests are different from other species of ants in terms of appearance and behavior that lives both inside and outside in moist places like forests etc. Carpenter Ants are wood-destroying insects but they do not feed on wood like termites but just make galleries and nests inside them to provide passageways for their movement. Therefore, your expensive wooden furniture is at risk of this pest, and it’s the best time to call a reliable Carpenter Ant treatment Brampton Service like Awesome Pest Control Inc. to fully remove these insects from your home.\nIdentification & Life Cycle\nThe size of Carpenter Ants varies from 6 and 12 millimeters in length while their color could be black or reddish brown. There is a single queen in every ant colony that lays 15-20 eggs after making a nest in a moist wood that is called primary colony.\nThe worker’s ants have the task of searching for food to feed younger larvae as well as have the responsibility of enlarging the nest into the satellite colony which may be located in dry wood. Ant colonies grow quickly and reach 3,000 workers in a timespan of three to six years while winged reproductive females move away to develop new colonies.\nGenerally, Carpenter Ants feed on honeydew and extrafloral nectar but they can search for food like grease, meat and eggs. Do you know how ants communicate with each other to deliver the information of a food source? With biochemical pheromones, these pests mark the shortest path from nest to the food source.\nWhen workers follow the trail then a forging trail is developed which can be above or below the surface. The bite of carpenter ants can be quite painful and they can inject a formic acid in your wound.\nThere are many ways to control ant’s infestation as Carpenter Ants Cause Damage.\n- Remove all food sources to keep your home less attractive for carpenter ants. Always store food in sealed containers and clean up the remaining food stuff regularly.\n- The branches of outside trees and plants should be properly trimmed so they cannot ride on them to reach your house. Remove the rotten trees from your garden and prevent the moisture accumulation around your area.\n- Seal all the crevices, holes and cracks in the foundation of your house to stop the entry of carpenter ants and repair all the leaks and plumbing issues.\n- Search the trailing workers and find out their nests. After that use non-toxic diatomaceous earth or boric acid powder to remove their infestation.\n- If pest infestation is enormous then apply a fast-acting botanical insecticide after consulting with some professional as these natural sprays are less toxic than commercial chemical pesticides.\n- Store the firewood away from your home.\n- Ensure proper ventilation in your home to remove moisture.\nIt is not easy to control large infestations with your own because they have many colonies and destroying the satellite colony doesn’t mean that the problem has ended since the queen resides in the primary colony and keeps producing more ants.\nTherefore, if you are worried about your expensive belongings and suspect Carpenter Ants Infestation then calling an expert for Carpenter Ant Treatment Brampton and Pavement Ant Treatment Brampton services will be the best option. Awesome Pest Control Inc. used approved methods and eco-friendly products with a 100% money-back guarantee if you are not satisfied by the results. So, call us and enjoy the beautiful sunny days without the worry of carpenter ants.", "summary": "The document explains that June is peak season for carpenter ants, which damage wood by creating galleries rather than eating it, posing a risk to wooden furniture. It describes the ants' size (6‑12 mm), coloration, colony structure with a single queen, life cycle, and feeding habits, including their use of pheromone trails. Control measures listed include removing food sources, trimming vegetation, sealing entry points, using diatomaceous earth or boric acid, applying botanical insecticides, storing firewood away, and ensuring ventilation. The text promotes Awesome Pest Control Inc. for professional carpenter ant treatment in Brampton, offering eco‑friendly methods and a money‑back guarantee."}
{"id": "96aca3aad89aa519877608e8c431308f8f57b56e12a4881270a72ce53d665657", "source": "A new study published in the Journal of Behavioral and Developmental Pediatrics found that among parents of 600 children between ages two and five with autism (453) and developmental delays (125), 40% reported using homeopathic remedies, mind-body medicine, melatonin and probiotics in an attempt to relieve some of their children's symptoms and even prevent some of the condition's behavioral problems from progressing.\nSuch use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) was 10% greater than that among non-autistic kids. About 7% of autistic kids were on a special diet such as gluten-free or casein-free, which parents believed could reduce inflammation that may aggravate autism symptoms. While most of the therapies were relatively harmless, a small number of autistic kids, 4%, were using treatments that the study classified as potentially unsafe or unfounded in science, such as vitamin B-12 injections.\nThe researchers therefore urge pediatricians to talk to parents about any complementary treatments they may be using on their kids, and educate well-intentioned parents about the potential risks and benefits of the therapies, including how the compounds may interact with other treatments. Last year, a study in Pediatrics found that CAM was also common among kids which other chronic diseases like asthma.\n\"Regardless of how families make these decisions, health care providers should proactively seek to learn what therapies are being used and engage families in frank discussions about the importance of understanding concepts such as the hierarchy of evidence and of making treatment decisions based on current knowledge of safety and efficacy,\" the authors write.\nUnderstanding parents' frustration over the lack of drug-based treatments for autism, experts recommend behavior-based therapies instead; some studies suggested they could lessen some of autism's symptoms and possibly reverse the brain changes that contribute to the developmental condition.", "summary": "A study of 600 children aged two to five, including 453 with autism and 125 with developmental delays, found that 40% of parents used complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) such as homeopathic remedies, mind-body techniques, melatonin, and probiotics, a rate 10% higher than among non‑autistic children; 7% of autistic children were on gluten‑free or casein‑free diets, and 4% used potentially unsafe treatments like vitamin B‑12 injections. Researchers urge pediatricians to discuss CAM use with families, emphasizing safety, evidence hierarchy, and the recommendation of behavior‑based therapies as a primary approach."}
{"id": "96cc88cc8cd5524c1bed1f793d3e3343a63256978d819e86b11c3b489b5b8659", "source": "iPads are everywhere these days, especially in education. Many schools have implemented iPads in the classroom as learning tools and the numbers will only continue to grow. Even little kindergartners are enjoying the benefits of iPad technology in the classroom. These cool gadgets can make fantastic learning tools. There’s a plethora of ways to use them too.\nHere’s a list of 5 smart ways to use this fabulous technology in the classroom to get you started on your iPad endeavor.\n1) Display Work\nTeacher’s work: By connecting your iPad with a device like Apple TV, you can display information from your iPad to the big screen for your students to view. This allows the teacher to walk around the classroom while teaching instead of just being stuck up front.\nStudent’s work: Also teachers can use the iPad to mirror students work on the big screen to the rest of the class. This is great easy way for showing group work and presenting students hard work to the rest of the class. Teachers can also use this as leverage to get students to stay on task while doing classwork on the iPad. If they know their work could be shared with the rest of the class they are probably more likely to put a little more effort in it and stay on task.\n2) Create Instructional Content\nThere are tons of really cool apps out there you should take advantage of to create your own content. iPads aren’t just about having a place for students to do research and play learning games. Use them to create custom videos, treasure hunts, presentations, etc. for your students. You can make lessons more customized and engaging than ever before with iPads in the classroom.\n3) Interact with Students\nNot every student will just throw their hand up in front of the class if they have a question or comments about something. Using iPads in the classroom can fix this. I’ve seen teachers use iPads to allow students to send questions and comments to the teacher while they are presenting something. Teachers can choose to address the question or comment then or wait and send a message to the student after class. I’ve also seen them use iPads as a polling tool to see how well students are absorbing content throughout the lesson and what they need to go over again. Posting the results as a whole, not individually also lets the students know how well they are doing compared to the rest of the class and will hopefully keep their attention.\n4) Personalize Learning\nEvery student learns at a different pace and through various ways. iPads in the classroom can provide opportunities for students to be able to work and excel at their own level and pace. Teachers can use apps and games to make learning more personalized to fit each students progress.\n5) Classroom Management\niPads can make managing a classroom and keeping up with a class full of students much easier. Teachers can use apps on their iPads to keep up with students progress, attendance, assign random groups, track behavior, keep up with grades; pretty much everything you need to do to manage a classroom full of kids.\niPads can really take learning to a whole new level and these 5 ways to use them in the classroom are just a peek at the plethora of ways they can be used in education. There are are over 33,000 education apps out there now and it seems like theres just about an app for everything.\nIf your school is interested in implementing an iPad solution, you can contact us here with any questions or for a free consultation. We have worked with schools all over the country and are always happy to help however we can. Also check out our free downloadable eBook “How to prepare for iPads in the classroom”. It has more good information you might find useful.", "summary": "The document describes how iPads are increasingly used in schools, outlining five practical classroom applications: projecting teacher or student work via AirPlay, creating custom instructional content with various apps, facilitating student interaction through digital questions, polls, and messaging, personalizing learning to individual paces with adaptive apps, and streamlining classroom management tasks such as attendance, grading, and behavior tracking. It notes the availability of over 33,000 education apps and offers a free consultation and downloadable eBook for schools interested in iPad implementation."}
{"id": "98aaac5398d05815b32e5bbebb868fbf8f17ae5fceb92f3dfe9778fa1cd94e60", "source": "Funerals are ceremonies that serve to honor, remember, or celebrate the life of the person who died. Different cultures and civilizations have their own version of funeral services, going back to as old as 300,000 years ago. Funeral services and customs concerning death in general have evolved over the years, resulting in many traditions and taboos.\nWhy people held funerals isn’t exactly known, but most have a root in the belief of the afterlife and helping the soul of the deceased cross over or find a way to reincarnation. Whether a person believes in this or not, it’s an undisputed fact that funeral services are a solemn and somber part of anyone’s life.\nFor most people, a funeral is a way for family and friends to get together to mourn and celebrate the life of the deceased. Because of the evolution of funerals and customs, different types of funeral services have become available. These could be the complete funeral service, graveside service, complete cremation service, immediate cremation service, and immediate burial.\n1.Complete Funeral Service\nThe most traditional type of service, the complete funeral service will have three parts. The first is the wake, where the deceased’s body is placed in a funeral home, church, or the deceased’s home to be viewed and visited by friends and family. After a few days (depending on how long customs says the body is allowed to be displayed), the wake is followed by a service led by the designated church leader or similar.\nThis to commemorate the life and death of the deceased and for the family members and friends to say their final words. After this is the burial ceremony. The burial ceremony could be either above ground or below ground. An above ground burial means that the casket of the deceased will be placed inside a vault or mausoleum, whereas the below ground burial lowers the casket into the ground.\nThe graveside service is similar to the complete funeral service, with the major difference being that the service is held at the place of burial rather than the funeral home or the church. After the service, the remains of the deceased are then buried in either the above ground or below ground site.\n3.Complete Cremation Service\nOpting for the complete cremation service is much like opting for the complete funeral service, except that instead of burying the remains, they are cremated instead. Cremation of the deceased has existed since the ancient Roman civilization and is used mainly so that the family of the deceased could either keep the remains with them or to avoid having to spend for a casket and graveyard plot (and for its upkeep). The ashes of the deceased are stored in an urn, which could be made of different materials. Sometimes, the ashes are scattered in some place after the funeral service as per the deceased’s request before he died.\n4.Immediate Cremation Service\nInstead of a lengthy wake and burial, the immediate cremation service is used to dispose of the body quickly. This is usually followed by the actual funeral service, where friends and family could then view the urn containing the ashes.\n5.Immediate Burial Service\nThe immediate burial service is the quickest of the funeral services. A few days after the death of the deceased or immediately after death, the body is taken to the burial site without a memorial service or wake. Families usually opt for this to cut down on costs for an open-casket viewing or expensive caskets and would just file the necessary documents. However, like the immediate cremation service, the family sometimes holds the memorial service at the burial site after the burial itself.\nGentry Griffey became the only funeral home to operate an on-site crematory. Whether you are in need of traditional funeral options or cremation services.", "summary": "The document outlines the purpose and variety of funeral services, noting that they honor the deceased and often stem from beliefs about an afterlife. It describes several types: a complete funeral service (wake, ceremony, burial), graveside service (held at the burial site), complete cremation service (including urn storage or scattering of ashes), immediate cremation service (quick disposal followed by a later memorial), and immediate burial service (rapid interment with optional later memorial). It also mentions Gentry Griffey as the only funeral home with an on-site crematory."}
{"id": "98c69b0538ffe785a4a3bea7947b344f8845f85eb0aea1ce509e0d59f56f5c7c", "source": "The Polygraph tests happened at a local legal representative, in the presence of polygraph department. A young boy was charged for a rape case. The victim’s parents were pressurizing the police to arrest the accused boy. The police was feeling skeptical about the story narrated by the victim and was feeling that the physical relation between the victim and the accused had happened with a mutual consent; so it wanted that a Nemesysco lie detection should be conducted with the accused.\nAn attorney name Bassett was responsible for the testing the accused man first and then he was passed through a Polygraph Test. It was revealed in the polygraph test that no rape was occurred. After doing further findings and researches it was proved that the boy was innocent and he had not committed any crime. This way an innocent boy was set free of a criminal trial.\nTruth verification and lie detection use latest technology, named as layered voice analysis. It is highly advanced computerized technique, which uses a wide spectrum of voice frequencies. It will detect on the basis of calculation done by the sophisticated and complex algorithm. There are more than 120 emotional parameters generated from each voice module.\nIt will automatically detect emotion, deception, global stress and attention level. LVA is described as the window of thinking and mapping of DNA. Many investigation agencies are using these techniques for lie detection and fraud detection. It is internationally proved service.", "summary": "A young boy accused of rape was subjected to a Nemesysco polygraph test administered by attorney Bassett, which indicated no wrongdoing; subsequent investigation confirmed his innocence and he was released. The report also describes a layered voice analysis (LVA) system that claims to detect deception and emotional states using over 120 voice‑derived parameters, noting its use by investigative agencies."}
{"id": "99e15b66a00a09e516c2385d6a7c46ae3a037abaef87fe36694cb86b6218889d", "source": "Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.\n2007 May 14\nExplanation: When passing Earth on your way to Jupiter, what should you look for? That question arose for the robotic Galileo spacecraft that soundlessly coasted past the Solar System's most photographed orb almost two decades ago. The Galileo spacecraft, although originally launched from Earth, coasted past its home world twice in an effort to gain speed and shorten the duration of its trip to Jupiter. During Galileo's first Earth flyby in late 1990, it made a majestically silent home movie of our big blue marble rotating by taking images almost every minute during a 25-hour period. The above picture is one frame from this movie -- clicking on this frame will put it in motion (in many browsers). Visible on Earth are vast blue oceans, swirling white clouds, large golden continents, and even one continent frozen into a white sheet of water-ice. As Galileo passed, it saw a globe that not only rotated but began to recede into the distance. Galileo went on to a historic mission uncovering many secrets and mysteries of Jupiter over the next 14 years, before performing a final spectacular dive into the Jovian atmosphere.\nAuthors & editors:\nJerry Bonnell (USRA)\nNASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply.\nA service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC\n& Michigan Tech. U.", "summary": "The entry describes a daily feature showcasing a universe image with an astronomer’s explanation; on May 14, 2007 it highlighted a frame from the Galileo spacecraft’s 1990 Earth flyby, where the probe captured a rotating view of Earth’s blue oceans, white clouds, golden continents and ice-covered regions. The text notes Galileo’s use of Earth flybys to gain speed for its Jupiter mission, its 14‑year study of Jupiter, and its final plunge into the Jovian atmosphere. Authors include Jerry Bonnell (USRA) and NASA official Phillip Newman."}
{"id": "9af3adb5a5b4567ed0580bb64f18e34842362726120f93c6fd0811e44f7e358b", "source": "Getting enough Vitamin A\nWhat to Know\n- Learn why vitamin A is important for your health\n- How much vitamin A you need according to your age\n- Learn good food sources for Vitamin A\nVitamin A is important for vision, skin, reproduction, and immunity. Pregnant women need extra vitamin A for fetal growth and development.\nTwo forms of vitamin A are available in the diet. Preformed vitamin A is found in foods from animal sources including dairy products, fish, poultry, and meat. Provitamin A is found in plant products. Beta-carotene is the most common type of Provitamin A (think yellow, orange, red and dark green fruits and vegetables). Provitamin A can be made into vitamin A by the body.\nCommon food sources of Vitamin A include:\n- Orange/red vegetables such as sweet potatoes, carrots, squash, red bell peppers\n- Fruit such as cantaloupe, oranges, mango, apricot\n- Beef liver and organ meats (high in cholesterol, so go easy)\n- Milk with Added vitamin A and D\n- Green leafy vegetables and other green vegetables such as broccoli, kale\n- Fortified breakfast cereals\nVitamin A listed on food and supplement labels are in international units (IU), however the RDA lists vitamin A in micrograms (mcg) of Retinol Activity Equivalents (RAE) to account for how different forms of vitamin A have different bioactivities (how well your body can use various forms). Converting these is complicated because different forms of vitamin A have different usable amounts for the body. Here are the requirements:\n- Babies 0-6 months require 400 mcg RAE\n- Infants 7-12 months require 500 mcg RAE\n- Children 1-3 years require 300 mcg RAE\n- Children 4-8 years require 400 mcg RAE\n- Children 9-13 years require 600 mcg RAE\n- Adolescent males require 900 mcg RAE\n- Adolescent females require 700 mcg RAE (females)\n- Adults males require 900 mcg RAE\n- Adult females require 700 mcg RAE\n- Pregnant Teens require 750 mcg RAE\n- Pregnant Adults require 770 mcg RAE\n- Breastfeeding teens require 1200 mcg RAE\n- Breastfeeding adults require 1300 mcg RAE\nVitamin A deficiency is rare in the United States. Americans are more likely to get too much vitamin A from their diets, than too little. Excessive Vitamin A is mostly a concern from over supplementation. This can cause adverse effects and is of particular concern for women who are pregnant. It would be difficult to consume excessive vitamin A from food sources alone.\nWhat to Do\n- Include a variety of fruits and vegetables: A rainbow assortment of fruits and vegetables will help you to meet your requirements for vitamin A, so include the following on a regular basis:\n- Sweet potato, spinach, carrots, pumpkin, cantaloupe, red peppers, mangos, dried apricots broccoli, spinach, and kale.\n- Dairy products such as ricotta cheese, milk and yogurt can be included in a healthy diet and will help you to meet your requirements for vitamin A.\n“Vitamin A Fact Sheet for Health Professionals.” National Institutes of Health: Office of Dietary Supplements, date accessed 1 August 2018. <https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-HealthProfessional/>\n“Vitamin A.” The Nutrition Source. Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health, date accessed 1 August 2018. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/vitamin-a/", "summary": "Vitamin A supports vision, skin, reproduction, and immunity, with pregnant women needing extra for fetal development. It occurs as preformed vitamin A in animal foods and provitamin A (beta‑carotene) in colorful fruits and vegetables, which the body converts. Recommended intakes range from 300–1300 µg RAE depending on age, sex, and pregnancy or lactation status. Deficiency is rare in the U.S., while excess—mainly from supplements—can cause adverse effects, especially in pregnancy. A varied diet of orange/red vegetables, leafy greens, fruits, dairy, and fortified foods can meet needs."}
{"id": "9c1576b480de305ce46f6a8cafe9ab319f413a91756b91eba9aa67f5ecb16ee7", "source": "The rise of Wi-Fi’s role in home automation has primarily come about due to\nthe networked nature of deployed electronics where electronic devices (TVs\nand AV receivers, mobile devices, etc.) have started becoming part of the\nhome IP network and due the increasing rate of adoption of mobile computing\ndevices (smartphones, tablets, etc.).\nSeveral organizations are working to equip homes with technology that\nenables the occupants to use a single device to control all electronic devices\nand appliances. The solutions focus primarily on environmental monitoring,\nenergy management, assisted living, comfort, and convenience. The solutions\nare based on open platforms that employ a network of intelligent sensors\nto provide information about the state of the home. These sensors monitor\nsystems such as energy generation and metering; heating, ventilation, and air\nconditioning (HVAC); lighting; security; and environmental key performance\nindicators. The information is processed and made available through a number\nof access methods such as touch screens, mobile phones, and 3–D browsers\n. The networking aspects are bringing online streaming services or net-\nwork playback, while becoming a mean to control of the device functionality\nover the network. At the same time mobile devices ensure that consumers\nhave access to a portable ’controller’ for the electronics connected to the\nnetwork. Both types of devices can be used as gateways for IoT applications.\nIn this context many companies are considering building platforms that integrate the building automation with entertainment, healthcare monitoring,\nenergy monitoring and wireless sensor monitoring in the home and building\nIoT applications using sensors to collect information about operating con-\nditions combined with cloud hosted analytics software that analyse disparate\ndata points will help facility managers become far more proactive about\nmanaging buildings at peak efficiency.\nUsing the IoT to create a smart building must add value to a business in order to be worthwhile. The application of smart building and IoT technology should accomplish three important things:\nImprove the occupant experience\nMeeting all of these objectives ultimately adds value to a property through cost savings and enhanced revenue. When contractors can provide these to customers then the IoT technology they offer is delivering a measurable ROI.", "summary": "Wi‑Fi’s growing role in home automation stems from the increasing integration of electronic devices into home IP networks and the widespread use of mobile devices. Companies are developing open‑platform solutions that use intelligent sensor networks to monitor energy, HVAC, lighting, security, and other environmental factors, delivering data via touch screens, phones, or 3‑D browsers. These systems aim to combine building automation with entertainment, healthcare, and energy monitoring, using cloud analytics to enable proactive facility management. The IoT‑enabled smart building is justified by improving occupant experience, reducing costs, and generating measurable ROI."}
{"id": "9c3367a85e16ffdee4540a4853b226b0f6d3b6a6a724257da9a0ca3ede69a1d0", "source": "Citrus aurantifolia is a shrubby tree, to 5 m (16 ft), with many thorns. Dwarf varieties are popular with home growers and can be grown indoors during winter months and in colder climates. The trunk rarely grows straight, with many branches that often originate quite far down on the trunk. The leaves are ovate 2.5–9 cm (1–3.5 in) long, resembling orange leaves. The flowers are 2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter, are yellowish white with a light purple tinge on the margins. Flowers and fruit appear throughout the year but are most abundant from May to September.\nCitrus aurantifolia are used to flavour many foods. High in vitamin C, they were formerly used in the British navy to prevent scurvy—hence the nickname “limey” for British sailors.", "summary": "Citrus aurantifolia is a thorny shrubby tree up to 5 m tall, often with a crooked trunk and low‑originating branches; dwarf forms are popular for indoor winter cultivation in cooler regions. Its ovate leaves measure 2.5–9 cm, and its 2.5 cm flowers are yellow‑white with a light purple edge, blooming year‑round but peaking May‑September. The fruit is used to flavor foods and, being high in vitamin C, was historically given to British navy crews to prevent scurvy, giving rise to the nickname “limey.”"}
{"id": "9c3bee8fefefe2ed80a934c503e77acbb46324ac4a913b8eaa9ab00b42d25354", "source": "Sports-related concussions are on the rise in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that from 2001 to 2009, the number of recreation and sports related head injuries rose 57% among children and teens ages 19 years and younger.\nBut sports concussions aren’t just a concern for young athletes. It’s important to recognize and treat concussion symptoms in athletes of all ages. The CDC recommends seeking specialized medical attention in an effort to minimize the potential for any long-term effects of a concussion.\nThe Mary Free Bed Sports Concussion Program was created in 1995 as a way to help athletes of all ages who have suffered a suspected sports concussion. We offer priority scheduling to ensure prompt assessment and treatment after serious traumatic events, such as football head injuries or soccer concussions.\nIt’s especially important to diagnose and treat sports concussions in children, teens and young adults to ensure normal brain development and prevent the potential long-term effects of brain injury. Below is additional information about sports concussion and our treatment program.\nSCHEDULING & QUESTIONS\nFor more information, please call:\nYour Treatment Team\nMembers of your treatment team have specialty training in concussions. They use leading-edge technology and techniques to assess and treat concussion symptoms for athletes of all ages and levels, from school-age children to elite competitors.\nYou may work with a number of professionals during the evaluation and treatment of your sports concussion, including:\n• Physiatrists – physicians specializing in brain injury\n• Therapists (physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists and recreational therapists)\n• Rehabilitation nurses\n• Pain specialists\n• Neuropsychologists and psychologists\n• Assistive technology professionals\n• Driver rehabilitation professionals\n• Vocational rehabilitation professionals\nThis Sports Concussion Treatment Team will work with coaches, trainers, teachers and employers to not only treat the symptoms of concussion, but train the athlete in a customized return-to-play program.\nHow Concussions Occur and Why Treating a Concussion is So Important\nA concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury. The adult brain is a 3-pound organ that essentially floats in cerebral spinal fluid. This fluid acts as a shock absorber for minor impacts. The brain can crash into the skull if an athlete’s head is struck, such as during a football tackle or when making contact with a soccer ball. Such impact can cause the brain to twist or stretch. Trauma can disrupt the normal balance of chemicals – especially glucose levels – in the brain. This can cause concussion symptoms and cognitive problems.\nSports Concussions Facts\nYounger athletes are more vulnerable to sports concussions. The brain continues to develop until the age of 25, so it’s important to treat concussions in young athletes to ensure normal brain growth and development.\nFemales vs. Males\nStudies suggest females are twice as likely to sustain a sport concussion as males. Soccer is the most common sport with concussion risk for females with a 50% chance of concussions. For males, there is a 75% chance for concussions in football. Other contact sports with a large number of concussions are boxing, hockey and lacrosse.\nWhat Are the Signs of a Concussion?\nApproximately 47% of athletes do not report feeling any symptoms after a concussive blow and fewer than 10% of sports-related concussions involve a loss of consciousness (e.g., blacking out, seeing stars, etc.).\nHeadache (85%) and dizziness (70-80%) are the most commonly reported symptoms of concussion. Other symptoms include:\n• Feeling slowed down\n• Changes in sleep patterns (sleeping more or less than usual)\n• Feeling “foggy”\n• Decreased appetite\n• Sensitivity to light or noise\n• Blurred vision\n• Poor memory/concentration", "summary": "The CDC reports a 57% rise in sports‑related head injuries among U.S. children and teens from 2001‑2009, highlighting the need for concussion care across all ages. The Mary Free Bed Sports Concussion Program, founded in 1995, offers rapid assessment and multidisciplinary treatment—including physicians, therapists, nurses, and specialists—to diagnose and manage concussions and guide return‑to‑play plans. The program notes that younger athletes are especially vulnerable, with females twice as likely as males to sustain concussions (soccer for females, football for males). Common symptoms are headache (85%) and dizziness (70‑80%), while loss of consciousness occurs in fewer than 10% of cases."}
{"id": "9c69fb7c3ffd6686d87c0426edc1b1bc85ea49bc12f52a6c6ff2f89776aafe02", "source": "Teacher – SEN\nTo deliver lessons that inspire students to succeed to achieve the best possible outcomes.\nRoles and responsibilities include:\nTeamwork and collaboration\nTo be a good communicator at all levels.\nBe committed to developing positive relationships with all members of the school community.\nWorking alongside fellow teachers to plan engaging lessons that meet the requirements of the curriculum.\nLiaising with colleagues and working flexibly.\nWorking with parents to ensure the happiness and best academic outcomes for all children.\nWorking cooperatively with curriculum support staff (where applicable) to support children’s development.\nTeaching and learning:\nClear understanding of the Curriculum.\nOrganising the classroom provision and learning resources and creating displays to encourage a positive and engaging learning environment.\nPlanning, preparing, and presenting sessions that cater to the needs of the whole ability range within the class.\nMotivating pupils with enthusiastic, imaginative teaching.\nObserving and assessing children in line with school assessments.\nBeing reflective of the classroom provision, sessions taught, progress made, and adjusting environment, planning and curriculum to reflect this.\nMeeting with other professionals such as speech and language therapists, occupational therapists, and educational psychologists, if required.\nAssessment and data:\nTaking responsibility for the progress of a class.\nMeeting requirements for the assessment and recording of student’s development using Target Tracker.\nUsing data provided by assessments to influence further planning, provision, and intervention.\nProviding feedback to parents and carers on a student’s progress at Parent Teacher Conferences and other meetings\nBehavior management and duties:\nFollow the school’s behavior policy.\nManage classes effectively, using approaches that are appropriate to students’ needs to inspire, motivate and challenge pupils.\nMaintain good relationships with pupils, exercise appropriate authority, and act decisively when necessary within the school’s behavioral policy.\nBe a positive role model and demonstrate consistently the positive attitudes, values, and behavior, which are expected of pupils.\nHave high expectations of behavior, promoting self-control and independence of all learners.\nCarry out duties as directed and within the school’s policy\nTo work as part of a curriculum action group, supporting planning, assessment, resources, and special events linked to that team.\nSupport the organizing and taking part in school events, outings, and activities that may take place at weekends or in the evening.\nCommunicate effectively with parents/carers about students’ achievements and well-being using school systems/processes such as CPOMS as appropriate.\nMake a positive contribution to the wider life and ethos of the school\nRun a weekly ECA each term.\nBachelor’s Degree in Special Education related discipline, with additional qualifications relating to Special education needs.\nIELTS score of minimum 7.0 in ‘General’.\nMinimum 1- 2 years of Teaching experience\nTo apply for this job please visit ae.indeed.com.", "summary": "The document outlines the role and responsibilities of a Special Educational Needs (SEN) teacher, emphasizing lesson planning, collaboration, and positive relationships with students, parents, and staff. Key duties include delivering engaging curriculum-aligned lessons, assessing and tracking progress with tools like Target Tracker, managing behavior according to school policy, and working with support professionals. The role also involves contributing to school events, running extracurricular activities, and meeting qualifications such as a bachelor's degree in special education, a minimum IELTS 7.0, and 1‑2 years of teaching experience."}
{"id": "9e8bc809bd0c86c48823774d8d0b08bd552c14e08a2b1ba7201c6c2ddf72ae36", "source": "The curriculum at Clinton State School is engaging and challenging, and\ndelivered in a supportive and caring environment. This allows each student to\ndevelop to the utmost of his/her capabilities. Our priority is for each\nstudent to possess the skills in literacy and numeracy and the required\nknowledge and understandings to become a productive member of society, with the\nabilities to adapt to change, think and reason, communicate effectively, and\ncontinue to be a life-long learner in our ever-changing world.\nThe school community places particular importance on the productive\npartnership that is developed between home and school and the important,\npositive impact this has on each child's learning.\nAt Clinton we have a strong belief in ‘Reward for Effort’ and\nencourage all students to become active participants in their learning. Goal\nsetting is one approach used to foster students in making connections between\ntheir own personal choices for learning and the end results.\nMore detailed information about the curriculum at Clinton can be\nobtained by contacting your child’s classroom teacher through the school\nClinton incorporates the curriculums listed below:\n- English, Mathematics, Science, Geography and History\nQLD Curriculum (Essential\nLearnings) - The Arts, Technology, HPE & Language\nThe Early Years Curriculum\nGuidelines – Social and Personal learning, Health and Physical learning and the\naspects in the Active learning processes not covered in the Australian\nCurriculum (for Prep)\nAt Clinton State School we\nare focused on providing quality educational outcomes. Curriculum planning and\nimplementation is focused on all key learning areas.\n- Languages (Japanese - new in 2019)\n- Physical Education\nHelpful curriculum links\n“The Australian Curriculum sets consistent national standards to improve learning outcomes for all young Australians. It sets out, through content descriptions and achievement standards, what students should be taught and achieve, as they progress through school. It is the base for future learning, growth and active participation in the Australian community”\nThe Australian Curriculum Overview\n“The Queensland Curriculum and Assessment Authority (QCAA) is a statutory body of the Queensland Government. Who provide Kindergarten to Year 12 syllabuses, guidelines, assessment, reporting, testing and certification services for Queensland schools.”\nThe Early Years Curriculum Guidelines\n“The Early Years Curriculum Guidelines (EYCG) provide teachers with a framework for interacting with children, and planning, assessing and reflecting on an effective Preparatory Year curriculum.\nThe guidelines are based on active learning for children through real-life situations, investigation and play. They incorporate descriptions of 4 early learning and development phases to help teachers to monitor children's progress and preparedness for Year 1.”\nThe Learning Place\n“The Learning Place is DET's secure eLearning environment providing access to an innovative range of digital resources and eSpaces for teaching and learning, collaborating and networking.”", "summary": "Clinton State School delivers an engaging, supportive curriculum aimed at developing students' literacy, numeracy, and broader skills for lifelong learning, emphasizing partnership between home and school and a \"Reward for Effort\" philosophy that includes goal‑setting. The school follows the Queensland and Australian curricula, covering English, Mathematics, Science, Geography, History, the Arts, Technology, HPE, Language, and an Early Years framework, with Japanese introduced in 2019, and utilizes the DET Learning Place e‑learning platform."}
{"id": "a0196edcf4accd5bf23612bed8b99420d22956672a93b3b02bcf11f364246335", "source": "We all know that poor air quality is bad for you, but just how bad is it really? Some of these air quality statistics shown in the below infographic may shock you. For instance 186.1 million Americans live in 525 different counties that are exposed to unhealthy levels of air pollution (either ozone or particles in the air). 6 out of 10 people are exposed to short-term or long-term levels of pollution or ozone. Breathing ozone may trigger a variety of health conditions including: coughing, chest pain, congestion and throat irritation. Check out the infographic for more statistics.\nAir Quality Statistics Infographic by RabbitAir\nYou are welcome to use this infographic about air quality on your own website, please link back to this page or www.rabbitair.com as the source.\nThe air quality statistics infographic above provides an alarming amount of information about the air many of us breath on a daily basis. We usually do not have direct control of the quality of our air outside, however we can control the quality indoors with an air purifier. Read more about indoor air quality.\nRabbit Air offers a certified asthma and allergy friendly air purifier that is based on our popular MinusA2 design. The asthma & allergy friendly™ Certification Program, administered by the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA) in partnership with the international research organization Allergy Standards Limited (ASL), is an independent program created to scientifically test and identify consumer products that are more suitable for people with asthma and allergies.", "summary": "The infographic from RabbitAir reports that 186.1 million Americans in 525 counties are exposed to unhealthy air pollution levels, and six out of ten people face short‑ or long‑term ozone or particle exposure, which can cause coughing, chest pain, congestion, and throat irritation. The text notes that while outdoor air quality is largely uncontrollable, indoor air can be improved with air purifiers, and RabbitAir offers an AAFA‑certified asthma and allergy‑friendly purifier based on its MinusA2 design."}
{"id": "a0bd05248c0dcf46cac40e898ca1eb0c2ab6e0c7ee32582ac00b76097e7df378", "source": "Students represent water issues through artThe 7th annual Water is Life art contest invites Minnesota’s 9-12 grade students to create art and videos that represent issues facing our freshwater resources.\nThe 7th annual Water is Life art contest invites Minnesota’s 9-12 grade students to create art and videos that represent issues facing our freshwater resources.\nThis year, the theme for the contest is water conservation. Collaborating with Minnesota’s Educational Service Cooperatives, the Freshwater Society hopes to inspire and educate Minnesota’s youth of the important issues facing vulnerable freshwater resources.\nFreshwater resources are facing a crisis, according to the society. The increase in human population, development and contamination of our water resources are creating a strain on surface and ground waters.\nConservation of these resources is the most efficient, economical and immediate tactic to ensure the sustainability of freshwater resources for future generations, according to the Freshwater Society.\nThe contest awards $500 scholarships to the six top finalists, prizes to each region’s semifinalists and recognition to each participant.\nEach year the students produce amazing art and artist statements. The winning artwork and all the semi-finalists’ entries are exhibited at public venues, including the state Capitol.\nFor more information visit www.freshwater.org or www.lcsc.org.", "summary": "The Freshwater Society’s seventh annual Water is Life art contest invites Minnesota high school students (grades 9‑12) to create artwork and videos on water conservation, aiming to educate youth about threats to freshwater from population growth, development, and contamination, and to promote conservation as a key solution. The competition offers $500 scholarships to six finalists, regional semifinal prizes, and public exhibition of winning and semifinal entries, including at the state Capitol. More information is available at www.freshwater.org and www.lcsc.org."}
{"id": "a0c7e7506d2f7a097567a571f32e30ecb8e703034d680dd88fa93b686275f3e7", "source": "Like the story about Washington cutting down the cherry tree and throwing a dollar across the Potomac River, the story of Thanksgiving we tell our children is just that, a story. The real story of Thanksgiving is far more interesting and meaningful.\nThe famous oil canvas above, The First Thanksgiving 1621 by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris (1899) illustrates some of these common misconceptions. Pilgrims did not wear such outfits, and the Wampanoag are dressed in the style of Native Americans from the Great Plains.\nThe real story, however, is far more basic and fundamental than dress and food. It is about the foundational principles of our nation. Here are just two articles about the real story of Thanksgiving.\n“Many people believe that after suffering through a severe winter, the Pilgrims’ food shortages were resolved the following spring when the Native Americans taught them to plant corn and a Thanksgiving celebration resulted,\" wrote Benjamin Powell in an article posted on the LP blog in 2013.\n\"In fact, the pilgrims continued to face chronic food shortages for three years until the harvest of 1623. Bad weather or lack of farming knowledge did not cause the pilgrims’ shortages. Bad economic incentives did.”\nRichard J. Maybury wrote about \"The Great Thanksgiving Hoax\" in an article posted on The Humble Libertarian blog in November 2011.\nHe explains that before 1622, Plymouth colony operated under what today we would call a socialist system.\n“… all profits & benefits that are got by trade, working, fishing, or any other means\" were to be placed in the common stock of the colony, and that, \"all such persons as are of this colony, are to have their meat, drink, apparel, and all provisions out of the common stock.\" A person was to put into the common stock all he could, and take out only what he needed.\n“(Colonial Gov. Williiam) Bradford writes that \"young men that are most able and fit for labor and service\" complained about being forced to \"spend their time and strength to work for other men's wives and children.\" Also, \"the strong, or man of parts, had no more in division of victuals and clothes, than he that was weak.\" So the young and strong refused to work and the total amount of food produced was never adequate.\n“To rectify this situation, in 1623 Bradford abolished socialism. He gave each household a parcel of land and told them they could keep what they produced, or trade it away as they saw fit. In other words, he replaced socialism with a free market, and that was the end of famines.”\nNow that you know the real story\nfrom the Libertarian Party of North Carolina", "summary": "The post argues that the popular Thanksgiving narrative is a myth, noting that the famous 1899 painting misrepresents Pilgrim and Wampanoag attire. It cites two libertarian-leaning articles: Benjamin Powell’s 2013 piece stating that the Pilgrims’ early food shortages were due to poor economic incentives rather than weather or farming knowledge, and Richard J. Maybury’s 2011 article describing Plymouth’s initial communal, “socialist” system that forced all laborers to share produce, leading to chronic shortages. According to Maybury, Governor William Bradford ended this by granting households private land in 1623, allowing individuals to keep and trade their own output, which he claims ended famines."}
{"id": "a12050c0dcadc5eae5b7b713476f0363981f5c195fbb61a2f776a631bcba5c0d", "source": "A fascinating study done by David Rosenhan of Stanford University illustrates the impact of psychiatric labeling. Rosenhan and several colleagues had themselves committed to mental hospitals with a diagnosis of “schizophrenia.” After being admitted, each of these pseudo-patients dropped all pretense of mental illness. Yet, even though they acted completely normal, none of the researchers was ever recognized by hospital staff as a phony patient. Real patients were not so easily fooled. It was not unusual for a patient to say to one of the researchers, “You’re not crazy, you’re checking up on the hospital!” or “You’re a journalist.”\nTo record his observations, Rosenham took notes by carefully jotting things on a small piece of paper hidden in his hand. However, he soon learned that stealth was totally unnecessary. Rosenhan simply walked around with a clipboard, recording observations and collecting data. No one questioned this behavior. Rosenhan’s note taking was just regarded as a symptom of his “illness.” This observation clarifies why staff members failed to detect the fake patients. Because they were in a mental ward, and because they had been labeled schizophrenic, anything the pseudo-patients did was seen as a symptom of psychopathology.\nAs Rosenham’s study shows, it is far better to label problems than to label people. Think of the difference in impact between saying “You are experiencing a serious psychological disorder” and saying, “You are a schizophrenic.”\n-Dennis Coon, “Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior,” 9th edition. pages 556-557", "summary": "David Rosenhan's study, described by Dennis Coon, had Rosenhan and colleagues feign schizophrenia to gain admission to mental hospitals; once inside, they behaved normally but were never identified as impostors, with staff interpreting all actions as symptoms of their diagnosis. Rosenhan recorded observations openly with a clipboard, which staff also dismissed as part of the illness. The findings illustrate how psychiatric labeling leads staff to view behavior through the lens of the label, suggesting that labeling problems rather than people may reduce misinterpretation."}
{"id": "a1d5fe6c75a3925453ccbbc569e5ab0a0d1763e41bc565a9fef330fb1c271e4f", "source": "Contemporary Views of Behavioral Learning Theory\nThere remains quite a bit of controversy, among researchers and clinicians alike, regarding the role of classical conditioning in the development of anxiety disorders. First, it is not always possible to identify the initial classical conditioning life event which led to the development of an anxiety disorder. Second, there is a great deal of evidence in the literature to suggest a multitude of factors combine to produce an anxiety disorder, including genetics and disposition, psychological vulnerabilities, and social learning. We discussed these influences in the section on the biopsychosocial model. While the precise role of classical conditioning is still uncertain, it does appear there is sufficient evidence to support the reinforcing nature of avoidance learning, according to the principles of operant conditioning.\nNot withstanding these limitations, these two theoretical models directly gave rise to numerous effective behavioral therapies that are applied in clinical practice today, and continue to be refined. Behavioral techniques are widely used for a plethora of problems, including drug/alcohol addiction, smoking cessation, improving social skills, and helping children with Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. In the next section, we discuss the application of behavioral theory as it relates to the treatment of anxiety disorders.\nBehavioral therapies for anxiety disorders\nSince it was demonstrated that phobias could be learned through paired association, and reinforced through avoidance and escape, scientists hypothesized that what could be learned, could potentially be un-learned. A common type of behavioral therapy, called exposure and response prevention therapy, was developed as a direct result of the classical and operant conditioning research. For some disorders, such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) the two components (exposure and response prevention) are most effective when used together. For other disorders they may be applied separately, or together.\nExposure simply means facing or confronting one's fears repeatedly until the fear subsides (called habituation, see below), and response prevention mean refraining from engaging in typical avoidance or escape behaviors when faced with a feared situation, so that these maladaptive behaviors are no longer reinforced. For example, if a person has germ contamination OCD, a typical exposure exercise consists of shaking hands with someone (exposure), and not washing afterwards (response prevention).", "summary": "The document discusses ongoing debate about classical conditioning's role in anxiety disorders, noting difficulty identifying initial conditioning events and the influence of genetics, psychological vulnerabilities, and social learning, while highlighting evidence for avoidance learning via operant conditioning. It outlines how these theories have led to behavioral therapies used for various issues, including anxiety, and describes exposure and response prevention (ERP) as a treatment derived from conditioning research, explaining that exposure involves repeated confrontation of fears and response prevention involves abstaining from avoidance behaviors to reduce reinforcement."}
{"id": "a240d406f969d16b1897d20a4e845f5d400316c7a109de5858cb05c42f592b0d", "source": "About the California School Climate Survey\nThe California School Climate Survey (CSCS) (pdf) for school staff is an important component of a comprehensive, coordinated effort by the California Department of Education (CDE) and WestEd to help schools foster positive learning and teaching environments that promote academic achievement and youth well-being. The survey helps identify fundamental learning barriers and assess the need for learning and teaching supports. As a companion to the California Healthy Kids Survey (CHKS) for students, it enables districts and schools (school-level reports available on request) to compare both student and staff data. The survey is supported by a wide range of technical assistance, guides, and trainings for administering the survey and using the data.\nPurpose: Why Conduct the Survey?\nAccording to the National Research Council, the fundamental challenge to school reform is to create a set of circumstances in which students take pleasure in, and see the value of, learning, and have the supports they need to be able to learn. In its seminal report on Engaging Schools (NRC, 2000), the Council further stressed that the level of teacher engagement and support at a school is equally critical. The CSCS is designed to provide the kinds of data that schools need in order to create that set of circumstances and realize the highest performance among both students and staff. To further enhance its value in addressing fundamental education issues, the CSCS also provides better data related to meeting the needs of racial/ethnic minorities (specifically, closing the achievement gap) and of students in special education.\nTo-date, school reform strategies have primarily focused on improving academic curriculum, instruction, and governance. They have largely ignored the school context and the non-cognitive, environmental factors (often called school climate) that can impede students' motivation and readiness to learn and, in turn, their ability to benefit from improvements in instruction or curriculum.\nEqually important is the influence of school climate on instruction and a school's ability to attract and retain quality teachers. Research on teacher attrition, both in California and nationally, has suggested that workplace conditions, control over the workload, and perceptions about administrative support are highly correlated to attrition rates. They may be as important (or even more important) than salary (Futernick, 2007). Drugs and violence on campus, lack of parental involvement, overcrowding, inadequate facilities, and lack of teacher supports and involvement in decision-making all contribute to problems in recruiting and retaining teachers.\nQuestions the CSCS Can Help Answer\n- Does the school provide students with an inviting, supportive, and culturally relevant learning environment?\n- Are all students treated fairly, with respect, and given equal opportunities, regardless of their race or ethnicity?\n- Do students encounter high expectations for academic success and rigorous classes?\n- Are students motivated to learn? What learning barriers do they appear to be encountering?\n- Is school a safe place for students and staff?\n- How much of a problem for the school are student drug use, violence, truancy, etc.?\n- Do school programs and resources address student success and achievements as well as student problems and needs?\n- Do staff feel responsible for improving the school?\n- Do staff support, trust, collaborate, and have close professional relationships with each other?\n- Are staff provided the materials, resources, and training they need to do their job, and what are their professional development needs?\n© 2013 WestEd. All rights reserved.\n730 Harrison Street, San Francisco, CA 94107 | Toll free 888.493.7833 | Fax 415.565.3012", "summary": "The California School Climate Survey (CSCS) is a tool created by the California Department of Education and WestEd to assess school climate for staff, complementing the student-focused California Healthy Kids Survey. It aims to identify learning barriers, support needs, and factors affecting teacher retention, such as workplace conditions and administrative support, while also addressing equity for racial/ethnic minorities and special‑education students. The survey provides data to help schools create supportive, culturally relevant environments, ensure safety, set high academic expectations, and inform professional development and resource allocation."}
{"id": "a27324905faa713d3f3cb3582b78249d9e179581234244521a3db4153dd9df22", "source": "GIRLS OFTEN GO UNNOTICED\nWhy is it that we know a lot about the presentation of autism in boys, yet comparatively little about these conditions in girls? Although girls presenting with autism were noted by both Kanner and Asperger as far back as the 1940s, past research on autism has mostly focused on boys. Kopp (2010) has attributed this situation to the prevalence of developmental disorders in males coupled with a much higher rate of clinical referral in males. Could it also be that they weren’t being picked up because the presentation of autism in girls differs from that in boys?\nThe triad of impairment manifests more subtly in most girls on the spectrum and this may have contributed to many not getting their diagnosis of autism until they are teenagers. Not only does this mean that they and their families may have missed out on potential supports, it is also a particularly difficulty for them to receive a diagnosis at a time when they are having to cope with the challenges of adolescence.\nThankfully, awareness of girls with autism is increasing and this is reflected in a growth in recent publications. These works, along with autobiographical and anecdotal reports, suggest that we consider the following:\n- girls with Autism often have a childlike quality to their tone of voice\n- girls’ special interests may be of a socially acceptable type (e.g. horses or animals in general; Twilight series and other vampire-related things; Japanese Anime and Manga; fantasy stories and games; make up, hair and fashion)\n- girls may be very quiet and appear shy or, alternatively, extremely ‘out there’. The former may result in their being overlooked; the latter in being labelled as having a conduct or behavioural disorder\n- many girls on the spectrum may copy and mimic neurotypical females and may even adopt the persona of someone they perceive as socially successful. This may mask their difficulties until either the stress of keeping up the act overwhelms them or they are faced with a challenge they haven’t encountered before. Either way, they often inevitably crash\n- if they are part of a female peer group, the other girls may support them and compensate for their difficulties\n- those interested in fashion, make-up and hair styles may take it ‘too far’ (e.g. their fake tans may be more orange than others’; hairstyles higher or bigger and dress may be more extreme than their peers’\n- their social and emotional naivety, can make them vulnerable to exploitation by others\n- girls can be frequently bullied at school\n- they frequently underachieve at school\n- they often experience anxiety or depression\nWhile there is commonality in terms of the triad of impairment, there is also much diversity in the presentation of autism in girls. The following case studies attempt to illustrate this range of difficulty as well as highlighting the girls’ wonderful abilities.", "summary": "The document discusses how autism in girls has been understudied compared to boys, noting that early researchers recognized it but most research focused on males due to higher referral rates. Girls often show subtler symptoms, leading to later diagnoses, typically in adolescence, which can delay support. Recent awareness highlights traits such as childlike voice tones, socially acceptable special interests, quiet or overly expressive behavior, masking by mimicking peers, reliance on female friend groups, intense fashion interests, vulnerability to exploitation, bullying, academic underachievement, and higher anxiety or depression, while also emphasizing their diverse abilities."}
{"id": "a2b12cf7058ff87f304da6a340949562761556f71d3ac33477ce51d7926e9c6b", "source": "What causes spinal metastasis?\nCertain types of cancers are more likely to spread to the spine. The most common types of cancers to form spinal metastases are primary cancers affecting the lung, breast, bowel and prostate.\nWhat are the symptoms of spinal metastasis?\nAlthough some people do not experience any symptoms with spinal metastases, most people with this condition will experience symptoms; which may include some or all of the following:\n- Pain in the spinal region, particularly at night\n- Pain, weakness, numbness or tingling into the legs or arms\n- Problems with bladder or bowel control\n- Pain is sometimes worsened by coughing or sneezing\nWhat is the treatment for spinal metastasis?\nIf you have been diagnosed with spinal metastasis, your doctor will first thoroughly investigate your condition to determine the best course of treatment. You will most likely be referred for a number of scans, usually including an MRI scan. Treatment decisions will be made in consultation with yourself, your oncologist, your neurosurgeon and other members of your management team.\nYour doctor may prescribe medication for pain. Steroid treatment is also often prescribed and is effective in many cases in relieving bone pain. Physical therapy and bracing can also offer symptomatic relief in some cases.\nFor some people, radiotherapy will be advised. The type of primary cancer you have may determine whether radiotherapy is appropriate for your condition. Radiotherapy can be effective in some cases in shrinking the tumor and providing pain relief.\nFor a group of people, surgery will be recommended. This treatment may sometimes occur in conjunction with radiotherapy. Your surgeon will try to remove as much of the tumor as possible and relieve any pressure on the spinal cord or spinal nerves. Sometimes implants are used to help stabilize the spine. With recent advances in spinal surgery techniques, surgery is now sometimes carried out earlier and is suitable for more candidates than in the past. This is due to new minimally invasive techniques. Surgery for this condition takes many forms and your surgeon will discuss in detail with you the technique that is recommended for you. Spinal surgery for this condition may help to reduce pain and to improve mobility.", "summary": "Spinal metastasis most often originates from lung, breast, bowel, and prostate cancers. Symptoms can include nighttime spinal pain, radiating pain, weakness, numbness, tingling in the limbs, and bladder or bowel control problems, sometimes worsened by coughing or sneezing. Diagnosis involves imaging such as MRI, and treatment is decided by a multidisciplinary team. Options include pain medication, steroids, physical therapy, bracing, radiotherapy (depending on cancer type), and surgery—often combined with radiotherapy—to remove tumor, relieve spinal pressure, and stabilize the spine, with newer minimally invasive techniques expanding eligibility."}
{"id": "a4ba255cc528e50571bb88bfcd5decf8c9f3830bff5ed9ece11b9d5157a4edde", "source": "Are you sitting comfortably?\nPosted on: 21 September 2016\nHow long do you spend sitting down each day?\nDevon County Council’s Public Health team has launched a new campaign to remind people to sit less, get up and move more during the day.\nSedentary behaviour means sitting still and doing low energy things like sitting working at a desk, using a computer or tablet or driving to work. So it’s easy to see why many people end up having fairly sedentary lifestyles – in fact around 40% of adults spend six hours or more per day sitting still. For some people, that increases at the weekend.\nLong periods of uninterrupted sedentary behaviour can be harmful for our health, leading to higher risks of developing heart disease, type 2 diabetes and weight gain. Even if a person is active, a long time spent sitting still each day may be bad for their health.\nSo what’s the answer to breaking our sedentary habits?\nIt’s easy – sit less, get up, and move more!\nFrequent movement is just as important for good health as regular physical activity, so it’s good to get up and stretch, take a walk and have a break from being still.\nIf you are at work:\n– Take a walk in your lunch break\n– Stand instead of sitting when you can – try short periods in meetings, at your desk or while on the phone\n– Walk over to a colleague instead of emailing or phoning\n– Stretch in your chair every half hour\n– Take the stairs instead of the lift\n– Move more on the way to work. Leave your car at home or drive part of your journey and walk or cycle the rest visit – visit Travel Devon for tips\n– Find out if your employer offers a cycle to work scheme where you can save on the cost of a new bike.\nWhen you are at home:\n– Turn up the music and have a dance\n– While watching TV, stand up and have a stretch in advert breaks\n– Be active with the housework – you can get a good workout sweeping, gardening or washing windows\n– Try balancing or stretching while you brush your teeth or watch TV\n– Go for a walk with a friend – Devon is a great place to be active outdoors.\nPosted in: Health and Wellbeing", "summary": "Devon County Council’s Public Health team launched a campaign urging people to sit less and move more, noting that about 40% of adults sit for six or more hours daily, which can increase risks of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and weight gain even for otherwise active individuals. The advice includes simple actions at work—standing during meetings, taking stairs, stretching regularly, and walking during breaks—and at home—dancing, stretching during TV ads, doing active housework, and walking outdoors—to break prolonged sedentary periods."}
{"id": "a5280179ca10986d16d3ddf0b37932be4e40922ecb536e26764c891f4e0cd71d", "source": "What Causes Asbestosis?\nAsbestosis is a chronic lung disease caused by exposure to asbestos.\nAsbestos is a naturally occurring fibrous material known for its strength, durability, and heat resistant capabilities. For many years it was used in production and manufacturing. The same qualities that make it resistant to chemical breakdown, however, make it dangerous and difficult for the body to expel once it has been inhaled or swallowed. Over time and prolonged exposure, asbestos fibers—which are tiny, microscopic needles the size of one-fifth of a human hair—can become lodged in the body’s soft tissue, including the lungs. Asbestosis is the result of scarring in the lung tissue. Asbestosis can develop years or decades after exposure.\nNational Asbestosis Trial Lawyers\nOur national asbestos attorneys at BPB are experienced in handling cases involving illnesses caused by asbestos exposure. The use of asbestos is now regulated in the United States due to its harmful side effects. Many companies may have known about these dangers and continued to allow workers to be exposed to asbestos. They should be held accountable.\nRecord of SuccessView Our Victories\nSymptoms of Asbestosis: When to See a Doctor\nIf you worked in an environment where asbestos was present, and you are experiencing symptoms, it is time to see a doctor. Additionally, you may be at risk for asbestosis if you spent time living with or in close proximity to someone who worked around asbestos. This is called “secondary exposure” or “take home exposure.”\nSome of the most prominent symptoms of asbestosis include:\n- Difficulty breathing\n- Shortness of breath\n- Chronic dry coughing\n- Weight loss / loss of appetite\n- Clubbing, or swelling of fingertips and toes\n- Pain in your chest area\n- Chest tightness\nTo obtain a free case evaluation regarding your legal options if you or a loved one has been diagnosed with asbestosis, call BPB at (888) 367-7160.", "summary": "Asbestosis is a chronic lung disease caused by inhaling or swallowing microscopic asbestos fibers, which can become lodged in lung tissue and cause scarring that may appear years after exposure. Asbestos, a durable, heat‑resistant material, was widely used in manufacturing, and its fibers are difficult for the body to expel. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, chronic dry cough, weight loss, fingertip clubbing, chest pain, and tightness, and can result from direct or secondary (take‑home) exposure."}
{"id": "a5a2a345eb712b964aabc8d061aaafbe3c5d2e5f826df4d027417a22d01b5fff", "source": "What better way to spend Presidents’ Day weekend than engaging in hands-on science activities, interactive exhibits, and mind-bending games? The museum is open February 15-17 for Presidents’ Weekend with activities that are fun for the family.\nParticipate in hands-on science activities to see how small changes can have a significant impact:\n- How many items can you remember in a short period of time? Test your memory and get tips to improve your ability to recall various objects.\n- Have you made the switch to LED light bulbs? Compare the energy efficiency of traditional, LED, and other types of light bulbs.\n- What is the relationship between architecture and earthquakes? Learn why some buildings are more prone than others to sustaining damage during disasters.\nExplore our changing climate in the Earth Lab. See how scientists investigate climate change and delve into its causes and effects. Then “play policymaker” to consider the energy-sector tradeoffs required to meet CO2 emissions goals.\nExplore the science of learning and memory and see how the brain changes over time in the Life Lab. Get behind the wheel of a driving simulator to experience first-hand the effects of distracted driving. Assess your tolerance for risk in scenarios where you must weigh known outcomes against the unknown.\nTest your logic skills and ability to think outside the box with a variety of interactive games and puzzles.\nThis holiday weekend, the only missing piece of the puzzle at the museum is you!", "summary": "The museum will be open February 15‑17 for Presidents’ Day weekend, offering family‑friendly, hands‑on science activities and interactive exhibits. Visitors can test memory, compare energy efficiency of light bulbs, learn about building vulnerability to earthquakes, explore climate change research and policy trade‑offs, investigate learning and memory, experience a driving simulator for distracted‑driving effects, assess risk tolerance, and solve logic games and puzzles."}
{"id": "a6036eeb255a68afdd6cff7d214961972290082cd5d38d00101c7e907db052f7", "source": "“Orton imagery” as it was once termed in Photo Life magazine is a technique that famously originated in the work of professional photographer Michael Orton. He created the effect in the 1980s using a relatively straightforward process in order to imitate the look of watercolour paintings. Specifically, he was inspired by watercolours which have had details emphasised through the use of an ink pen.\nThe basic concept of the Orton effect is to use different versions of the exact same image and layer them over each other. One of the layers needs to be sharply in focus and overexposed, which originally would all be done manually on a professional SLR camera. This is the detailed element of the finished image and can be equated to the pen-drawn lines in the paintings that inspired Orton. The other layer would also be overexposed, but this time completely out of focus. This layer’s purpose is to add the depth of colour to the image in the same way the paint would in the watercolour example.\nAdditional layers can also be used to make the Orton effect more complex, but this is the basic idea. Once the different images are captured they are layered together in a so-called “sandwich” to produce the final effect, which gives a bright glowing effect to your photographs and shows finer details while also having a blurred look. The effect has been used extensively in still photos and cinematography by a number of high profile professionals ever since Michael Orton first popularised it.\nIn fact, the effect has become even more popular and easy to implement thanks to the advent of affordable digital SLR cameras and photo editing software such as Adobe Photoshop. Using Photoshop’s layers and editing tools you can manually create the Orton effect from a standard image in just a few clicks, or you can even use a preset filter which creates the finished product instantly. This classic effect is still a favourite for conveying a certain tone with your images, so it may well be worth a try.", "summary": "The Orton effect, named after photographer Michael Orton who developed it in the 1980s to mimic watercolor paintings, involves layering multiple versions of the same image—one sharply focused and overexposed, another overexposed but out of focus—to create a bright, glowing look with fine detail and soft color depth. Additional layers can increase complexity. Originally done with SLR cameras, the technique is now widely applied in photography and cinematography using digital SLRs and software like Photoshop, where presets can automate the process."}
{"id": "a81833332c580ebb79b56cb5cf66f4419cd27e37541709f68c7d4d38c94a71d5", "source": "It's a popular opinion that youngest children are often less resourceful and more bratty than their older siblings. Parents tend to treat their youngest children like babies for years, say the haters, which can shape them into less capable, more entitled adults.\nThough the science of youngest-child-syndrome is very much up for debate, new research from Jordy Kaufman, a senior research fellow at Swinburne University of Technology in Australia, might help explain why some parents baby their youngest children long past babyhood.\nIn a survey of 747 mothers, 70 percent recalled that when returning from the hospital with a newborn, their former youngest child seemed noticeably larger than they remembered.\nBut rather than suddenly overestimating the size of their older children, Kaufman believes the mothers may have been suffering from the \"baby illusion,\" where they underestimate the size of their newborns. Asking 77 mothers to estimate the height of one of their children between two and six years old, he found the moms consistently guessed low for their youngest child, or only child, by an average of three inches. Meanwhile, they guessed their oldest child's height pretty accurately.\nKaufman says the baby illusion may have developed as an adaptive mechanism to protect the most vulnerable offspring. \"A perception of baby-like features, such as cuteness or smaller size, helps parents prioritize care for the child who most needs it,\" says Joy Jernigan at Today.\nThis may play into a mother's desire to baby her youngest for years, while treating her oldest children like \"big kids,\" even if they're only two or three. \"Our research potentially explains why the 'baby of the family' never outgrows that label. To the parents, the baby of the family may always be 'the baby',\" Kaufman told the BBC.\nAll this seems to fit nicely into the \"birth order theory,\" a kind of controversial idea that says the sequence of births impacts how smart, outgoing, and successful people become as adults. Though researchers point out that this is a nearly impossible theory to test — how does one control for variables like socioeconomic status, sex, parental birth order, and other environmental circumstances, for example — hundreds of studies have identified certain characteristics that only oldest, middle, and youngest children tend to share with their kind.\nHere's how Susan Krauss Whitbourne, a Professor of Psychology at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, describes the profile of the youngest-borns in Psychology Today:\nThe youngest child may feel less capable and experienced, and perhaps is a bit pampered by parents and even older sibs. As a result, the youngest may develop social skills that will get other people to do things for them, thus contributing to their image as charming and popular. [Psychology Today]\nBurn. Older children, who may suddenly look big to their moms when a new baby comes home, may not grow up as charming and popular as the little ones. But, according to the birth order theory, they tend to come out on top in other ways. A 2010 study that compiled data from 200 birth order trials found that first-borns tended to be higher achievers, more motivated, and more successful in academic and intellectual pursuits.", "summary": "Research by Jordy Kaufman at Swinburne University surveyed 747 mothers and found that many underestimate their youngest child's size, a phenomenon he calls the \"baby illusion,\" which may cause parents to treat the youngest as a perpetual baby; this perception could be an adaptive mechanism to prioritize care for the most vulnerable offspring. The findings are linked to birth‑order theory, which suggests youngest children may be seen as less capable but develop social skills that make them charming, while older siblings often achieve higher academic success."}
{"id": "a8b8b0f8b1833e0eefe62d1a06e0f71a415dfe58f45bf88cec71a96e6af94244", "source": "Many schools have begun to encourage students to bring their mobile phone or tablet to school so that they can use it during class to access instructional resources, participate in online discussions and interact with curricular materials. It's called \"BYOT - Bring Your Own Technology\" and a recent study by the Pew Internet and American Life Project found that 73% of Advanced Placement and National Writing Project teachers have students use the technology in class to complete assignments. Dan Domenech of the American Association of School Administrators reports that about 25% of schools now allow phones. George Fornero, a Chicago area superintendent described his districts rationale. \"The kids taught us a lesson. They're still going to bring their phones anyway, so let's allow them to use them in a constructive way.\" More detail about these initiatives is available from a recent USA Today article.\nI'd enjoy learning from you about whether your school welcomes student use of phones and tablets on campus.", "summary": "Many schools are adopting BYOT (Bring Your Own Technology) policies, allowing students to use personal phones or tablets in class for instructional resources, online discussions, and curricular interaction. A Pew Internet and American Life Project study reports that 73% of Advanced Placement and National Writing Project teachers have students use such technology for assignments, while the American Association of School Administrators notes that about 25% of schools now permit phones. Superintendent George Fornero cites student behavior as a rationale for allowing constructive use, and further details appear in a recent USA Today article."}
{"id": "a968297b57d09a0150faf5f7b82e909a87fa4b7bb78c0a422093ac3e129b73c1", "source": "The Passover is expected to let your hair down the freedom of the Jewish general public from the Egyptians well-nigh 3,300 time of life ago. Explained in the narrative of Exodus, God oriented Moses and Hebrews to proposition and down cooked young mammal to symbolize the Passover human action. They were then tutored to dissemination the blood of the young mammal on the doorposts and beam to spoon out as a poster to elapse all over the familial gum olibanum protective them from the ending huge number - annihilation of the early hatched son.\nThe content of lambs in ritual present has primarily been substituted next to the cooking of food product and shankbone. This function has since been accepted as a carnival day titled Passover Seder. Declaring the rush of the Passover procedure, the Passover Haggadah gives a story in Hebrew of the tale as all right as prayers and some else materials profitable in celebrating the rest.\nThe function lasts seven or viii life and begins at the end of the day on the 15th day of Nissan in the Hebrew calendar. Why the deviation in years of celebration? It has to do with the transmutation of calendar years. The Passover in Israel is celebrated for 7 life based on scriptures but the Jewish calendar is a work of the satellite time interval and scholars added the ancillary day to variety room for the distinction in the moons entity in the sky.\nThe pressure of Passover today has a bed stratum of importance. First, it is a historical and biblical case signifying the dodge from Egyptian subjection of the transcript Exodus. Secondly, this affair acts of the apostles as an cultivation familiar sight in that the celebration of springtime brings new beginnings in a burgeoning time period. Lastly, the divine consequence gives God the admission of as being the redeemer of the Hebrew peoples. One could besides fight that other important outlook of the Passover in Kabbalistic traditions action that the production out of God's commandments in measuring of the Passover fulfills the deliverance manoeuvre and highlights his leniency as natural virtue.Post ads:\niCraze Stand for Laptop, Ipad and Books + Laptop Table / 3M 3311 Foil Tape, 2\" Width, 10 yd Length, Silver / HDMI Pocket Projector / Pacific Drums and Percussion 700 Series Drum Throne / RF Wireless Laser Pointer with Page up Down PowerPoint / Nook Simple Touch / Sony ICFCS15iPSIL 30-Pin iPod/iPhone Speaker Dock / SmackTom 3 in 1 Rubberized Hard Case Skin for Macbook Pro / uni-ball Onyx Stick Micro Point Roller Ball Pens, 12 Black / InterDesign Bruschia Wall mount Rack, 4 Hooks, Brushed / Rampage 769301 Grab Handle - Pair / Columbian CO196 (10) 4-1/8x9-1/2-Inch White Envelopes, / SwissGear Computer Backpack / Dunlop The Original Crybaby Pedal / Plantronics MX500i 3-in-1 Headset / Otterbox Defender Case for Samsung Galaxy S Tablet Wifi / / Schumacher SC-200A Speedcharge Charger/Maintainer / BIC Mechanical Pencil with Colorful Barrels, Thick Point / The Neat Company 00009 Travel Case for NeatCo MobilePost ads:\nHewlett Packard Envy120 Wireless Color Photo Printer with / Memorex Slim DVD Video Storage Cases - 25 Pack - Clear / PowerBridge TSPBIW-6-WH Total Solution Flat Panel In-Wall / Lanikai LU-21C Concert Ukulele / Diversion Can Safes- Lookalike Safe- Coca Cola Can / Intellitouch PT10 Mini Clip-On Tuner / Planet Waves PW-CT-12 NS Mini Headstock Tuner / Tascam PSP520 AC Adapter/Power Supply For Mpgt1 / Learning Resources Smart Snacks Alpha Pops / Monster XP-CI BIG-100 100 feet Speaker Cable / Tripp Lite TLP810NET Surge Protector 120V 8 Outlet RJ11 / Hohner HAG250P 1/2 Sized Classical Guitar / Boss CH6520 Chaos Series 6.5-Inch 2-Way Speakers (Pair) / Sharpie Accent Tank-Style Highlighters, 12 Fluorescent / K&N 99-5050 Filter Care Service Kit - Squeeze / Smead Hanging Steel Letter Size File Folder Drawer Frames / 100 1 7.25x12 KRAFT BUBBLE MAILERS PADDED ENVELOPES 1 / DAX Desk/Wall 11\" x 14\" Photo Frame, Rosewood/Black / Garmin Approach G6 Handheld Touchscreen Golf Course GPS", "summary": "Passover commemorates the Israelites' liberation from Egyptian slavery about 3,300 years ago, as narrated in Exodus, where God instructed the Hebrews to sacrifice a lamb, spread its blood on doorposts, and eat the roasted meat to protect their firstborns. The ritual has evolved into the Passover Seder, featuring the Haggadah reading, and is observed for seven days in Israel (eight in the diaspora) beginning on the 15th of Nissan, accounting for calendar adjustments. The holiday holds historical, religious, and seasonal significance, symbolizing deliverance, renewal, and God's role as redeemer, with additional meanings in Kabbalistic tradition."}