{"id": "001f916bced8787a94d4678fe9b006eabd16aaff53bc1936c3689b076844cc94", "source": "What are Photovoltaic Solar Panels?\nPhotovoltaic solar panels are panels which trap light energy from the sun and convert it into usable electricity. The photovoltaic panels are made up of several layers of specific materials which are structured in a way that allows light energy to be converted into electrical energy. Solar electrical energy is clean, safe, and renewable, making it an ideal replacement for electricity generated by burning fossil fuels.\nA single solar panel, or solar cell, contains several different types of material, layered in a single stack. The top of the panel is a layer called the encapsulate, which is made from clear plastic or glass. This layer protects the cell from the elements. Beneath this layer is the contact grid, a metal conducting material which attracts electrons in the presence of solar energy. Below the contact grid is an anti-reflective coating which helps light enter the solar panel by preventing light from being reflected away.\nThe next two layers in photovoltaic solar panels are made of silicon compounds. Beneath the anti-reflective coating is a layer of N-type silicon, made by adding a compound with five valence electrons, such as phosphorous. Each phosphorous molecule can bind to four silicon molecules, with the fifth electron free to conduct energy.\nBelow this is a layer of P-type silicon, a silicon compound to which is added an element with three valence electrons, such as boron. The addition of boron to silicon creates an unequal bonding situation in which electrons ‘jump’ from one boron-silicon complex to anther. It is this fluid state that allows the compound to act as a conductor. The final layer is a layer of metal, which covers the lower surface of photovoltaic solar panels and acts as a conductor.\nIn the presence of sunlight, light energy is absorbed by the solar panel, causing electrons to flow freely. This free movement of electrons is enabled as a result of the presence of loosely-bonded electrons, due to the addition of compounds such as phosphorous and boron to the silicon layers. Free electrons are attracted to the metal conductors in the panel, and the movement of these electrons creates electrical current, which can be drawn off to generate light or heat.\nConcern over the planet’s supply of non-renewable fossil fuels has been a common theme for decades, but only recently has the possibility of wide-spread use of photovoltaic solar panels been a reality. Heating homes and buildings is the most common application for these photovoltaic systems, but the cost of these systems remains prohibitive for most households. Despite the high start-up costs of solar photovoltaics, significant amounts of new construction contain these systems either as main or back-up power supplies.\nThe main advantage of these systems is that once they have been set up, maintenance and running costs are extremely low. The North Carolina University Solar House, for example, is a prime illustration of how photovoltaic solar panels can provide a cheap and plentiful source of energy. The house has been running since 1981 on the same solar energy system, and costs less than $70 to heat during a single winter season.\nDiscuss this Article\nPost your comments", "summary": "Photovoltaic solar panels convert sunlight into electricity using layered materials: a protective encapsulant, a metal contact grid, an anti‑reflective coating, followed by N‑type silicon doped with phosphorus and P‑type silicon doped with boron, topped with a metal back layer. Sunlight frees electrons in the doped silicon, creating a current that can power devices. While solar power is clean, renewable, and low‑cost to operate, high upfront installation costs limit household adoption, though some projects like the North Carolina University Solar House have demonstrated long‑term, inexpensive heating using solar energy."}
{"id": "012877ae96baf1ba264012bfb6434aa8ec7a5b3f37cc631f39e7f7db1c775ced", "source": "The main article in this book begins by citing some disturbing environmental facts of our contemporary times including the Green House Gas emissions, climate change, and deforestation. The author points to the vacuum, which exists about environmental concrete policies that there is no legally binding international agreement for a reduction of dangerous anthropogenic atmospheric emissions. He emphasizes that the environmental crisis is of an intellectual and ethical kind generating an attitude to nature, to human societies, and our moral position with regard to our relationship with fellow human beings on the one hand, and with nature on the other. He underlines that the countries that have power are not willing to compromise their national interests or the interests of the powerful, but also do not offer any concrete solutions to overcome this challenge. Thus, he calls for an urgent development of ecological discourses in a historical–ethical perspective and consider some tough questions. He concluded by noting the characteristic parallelism between the natural field and the moral field, between the transcendental and the historical. Also stressing the conceptual linkages between the divine, human, and natural realms, constituting a highly complex but coherent and integral system.\nIn response to the main article, the respondent rethinks the relationship between major contemporary environmental problems and the religious and ethical resources for addressing them in a creative and meaningful way. He begins by emphasizing that the concept of holism of the environment is reflected in the contemporary environmental movement. However, he pointed out that any alternative response to environmental problems and degradation has to deal with human–nature relations as a whole. He concludes that God has created this world and entrusted it to human beings who are only trustees, stewards on earth. This stewardship includes the maintenance and utilization of the natural environment in accordance with what God created these things for, and to take into account the order and the ecological balance of nature.\nAdd new comment", "summary": "The main article highlights contemporary environmental crises—greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, and deforestation—and notes the lack of a binding international agreement to curb anthropogenic emissions. It frames the crisis as intellectual and ethical, criticizing powerful nations for prioritizing national interests over concrete solutions, and calls for urgent ecological discourse that links moral, natural, and transcendental realms. A respondent replies by emphasizing holistic environmental perspectives, arguing that addressing these problems requires a comprehensive view of human‑nature relations and invoking a stewardship ethic where humans, as trustees of creation, must maintain ecological balance according to divine intent."}
{"id": "012b778482f40fd056d80d15fbd58fb32b054f492fa8cc0ca06204dd253d27f4", "source": "Medical researchers have developed a new prostate cancer prediction method by using machine learning tools to provide some of the highest levels of accuracy ever.\nNew Tools for an Old Problem\nProstate cancer has long been one of the deadliest forms of cancer afflicting men around the world. While treatment methods are getting better every year, early detection is still a major component of successful treatment; as a result, an emphasis on identifying prostate cancer while it’s still more easily treated has become a priority.\nUsing predictive modeling has always been part of early detection. Identifying risk factors means better screening options to look for early signs of prostate cancer in men that have those risk factors, and the quest for better prediction tools has led to some innovative research — including the results of a new study, recently published in the Journal of Scientific Reports, that details a screening method that makes use of machine learning to provide some of the most accurate predictive analysis results ever.\nPushing Detection and Classification Further\nWhen it comes to assessing prostate cancer risk today, the primary tools are multiparametric MRI scans used in conjunction with a scoring system, called PI-RADS 2, for classifying anything detected in those scans. The problem with this standard method is that PI-RADS 2 tends to provide results that are highly subjective, making it difficult to tell whether a prostate tumor will be highly aggressive or just moderately so.\nThis uncertainty can lead to doctors choosing unnecessary treatment options for patients — or risking a patient’s health by misdiagnosing a tumor as less serious than it is. Knowing full well that more accurate detection and classification tools are needed to prevent such cases, researchers from USC’s Keck School of Medicine and Mount Sinai’s Icahn School of Medicine worked together to develop a tool that uses on machine learning.\nThis subset of artificial intelligence, which relies on algorithm-based data analysis, was found to predict the severity of tumors detected in multiparametric MRIs with better accuracy than traditional classification methods like PI-RADS 2 in a number of different cases. While further research will be needed to fine-tune this machine-learning approach, these early successes bode well for a future where predicting prostate cancer severity more accurately unlocks better, more appropriate treatment options that lead to higher treatment success rates for prostate cancer patients.", "summary": "Researchers from USC's Keck School of Medicine and Mount Sinai's Icahn School of Medicine reported a machine‑learning model that predicts prostate tumor severity from multiparametric MRI scans with higher accuracy than the standard PI‑RADS 2 system, which is considered subjective. Published in the Journal of Scientific Reports, the study suggests the new method could improve early detection and classification, potentially leading to more appropriate treatment decisions for prostate cancer patients, though further validation is needed."}
{"id": "029f6f30e5fecf55fead17d0e3b48ba8ae44289e4bde6c0aecdf0b0b0731e2d5", "source": "Solar lights are a good source of lighting that not just lightens up our surroundings but is also very affordable and saves a lot on electricity bills.\nThey have solar panels and smaller batteries that produce power from sunlight, and batteries store it for later use. NiCD and NiMH are two widely used batteries for solar lights, but could you replace them with each other or not? NiCD vs NiMH Battery you will find the answer below.\nNiCD vs NiMH Batteries for Solar Lights – Quick Comparison Chart\n|Bases of Comparison||NiCD||NiMH|\n|Capacity||Low storage capacity for charging||High storage capacity for charging|\n|Power||150 W/kg||250–1,000 W/kg|\n|Performance||Efficiently perform at low temperature||Performance may be got down on high temperatures during the warm days|\n|Recharging duration||Fast charging||Slow charging|\n|Charge or discharge efficiency||70-90 percent||66-92 percent|\n|Maintenance||Require maintenance after 30 to 60 days||Require maintenance after 60 to 90 days|\n|Operating Temperature||-40 to 60 degrees C||-20 to 60 degrees C|\n|Life span||15-20 years||5 years|\nKey Features of NiCD vs NiMH Battery for Solar Lights are given below\nIn comparison between NiCD vs NiMH battery for solar light, we found NiCD has low storage capacity compared to NiMH batteries. So for that reason, it may discharge quickly.\nNiCD batteries produce less power as compared to NiMH batteries. NiCD batteries produce 150 W/kg power, while the NiMH batteries could produce between 250 to 1000 W/kg power.\nNiCD batteries perform better even at low temperatures and consistently perform with temperature fluctuations. But NiMH batteries were found less effective in low and high temperatures.\nWhile comparing their recharge period, we found due to low storage capacity, NiCD batteries could charge quickly, while NiMH batteries take more time to recharge.\nTheir charge or discharge efficiency is very closer to each other, but still, there is a difference. The rate of charge/ discharge of NiCD battery is 70 to 90 percent, while the NiMH battery is 66 to 92 percent. There is not much difference, and you can use them at each other’s place.\nBoth of the batteries need maintenance, but NiMH needs less maintenance than NiMH. You need to check NiCD batteries maintenance between 30-60 days. But NiMH batteries need maintenance between 60 to 90 days.\nAs already discussed, NiCD can perform at the lowest temperature. The operating temperature range for the NiCD battery is -40 to 60 degrees C, while for the NiMH batteries, it is -40 to 60 Degrees C.\nNiCD batteries have more life span as compared to NiMH batteries. NiMH batteries have an average life of 5 years, but NiCD batteries could perform well for 15-20 years.\n1. Can You Charge a NiMH Battery with a Nicad Charger?\nAnswer: In general, it is not recommended that you charge a NiMH battery with a Nicad charger. It will work, but it will take a long time, and the battery will end up not lasting as long as it should have.\nNickel-cadmium batteries are different from Nickel-metal-hydride batteries in that they require a higher charge. If the charge is too low, the battery may need to be replaced or re-charged or both\n2. Can I Replace a NiCd Battery with a NiMH?\nAnswer: NiCd and NiMH batteries are interchangeable for many electronic devices. By swapping NiCd batteries for NiMH batteries, you may lose a life and may even experience short-circuit or power loss. Nickel-zinc (NiZn) or nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH) may also exhibit different characteristic symptoms.\n3. What is the Best Battery to Use? NiMH or Nicad?\nAnswer: NiMH battery is more expensive than a Nicad battery and it does not last as long, but it is lighter and has a longer shelf life. The second flashlight Nicad battery battery has a lower shelf life and is heavier, but it lasts longer than a NiMH battery with the same amount of charge.\nNiCD and NiMH batteries are widely used for solar lights and also possible to replace. NiCD batteries have fast charging speed, better operation features with inconsistent temperatures and long life. While the NiMH batteries provide more power, last for longer, and produce brighter light.", "summary": "The document compares NiCd and NiMH batteries used in solar lights, noting that NiCd batteries have lower storage capacity, faster charging, better low‑temperature performance, and a longer lifespan (15‑20 years) but lower power output (150 W/kg) and require maintenance every 30‑60 days. NiMH batteries offer higher storage capacity, higher power (250‑1000 W/kg), and lighter weight, but charge more slowly, perform less well at temperature extremes, last about 5 years, and need maintenance every 60‑90 days. It advises that charging NiMH with a NiCd charger is not recommended and that while the batteries can be interchanged, doing so may reduce lifespan or cause issues."}
{"id": "02fb8a17971d34ca25cec62c95e7888f3f8d6ad766914aa8b4563c14f141e512", "source": "The Boy Martyr of Norwich\nFar in the thickest wood the fair lad lies\nA rosy radiance plays around his head\nTall trees rise black upon the midnight skies\nSave where a silver beam reveals the dead.\nMagnificat he sang at evensong\nAnd then when music hushed and lamps were low\nAlone he homeward went nor dreamed of wrong\nAnd in the still moonlight with footsteps slow\nFrom a dark entry sprang a Jewish horde\nLike fiends around the gentle boy they stood\nAnd, as in ages dim they slew his Lord,\nNailed to a cross his white limbs stained with blood.\nBut God's sweet Mother grants him strength to bear\nThat fadeless diadem which martyrs wear.\nDespite its aural heft, this pious little poem is not some stiff Victorian translation of a medieval text – though in homage to medieval tradition its author composed versions in both clunky English and clunky Latin [the latter features graceful lines like \"Ecce puer gracilis silva jacet ille remota.\" You get the picture]. Both versions of the poem combine the story of William of Norwich, the first supposed boy martyr to Christian-killing Jews, with the nameless \"litel clergeon\" of \"The Prioress's Tale.\" Indeed, there is a lot more of Chaucer in the poem than there is of Thomas of Monmouth (author of the medieval life of William).\n\"The Boy Martyr of Norwich\" was composed around 1889 by the English writer Frederick Rolfe (1860-1913, AKA Frederick William Serafino Austin Lewis Mary Rolfe, AKA the Baron Corvo). I like the poem because it well reproduces the nebula of languid homoeroticism diffused from late medieval treatments of such dead boys. Its lingering verses couple a fascination with battered youth to an aesthetic overload of red blood and luminous flesh. The Jews are everything little William is not: hurried, shadow-dwelling, nonbelievers, murderously impassioned. Yet there are important differences as well. Thomas of Monmouth clearly adored the dead boy to whose sacred memory he devoted the work of his hands as well as much of his life. At worst Thomas would become extremely irritated when denied the chance to venerate William of Norwich in the flamboyant ways he desired; the result of this pique was usually Thomas imagining that the martyr's spirit descended in glory from heaven to scold, beat, and sometimes kill those who would not allow his tomb candles, a carpet, or a place of high honor in the cathedral. When Thomas looked at William, he saw a way for the city in which he resided to overcome some of its ethnic divisions and imagine istelf unified. When Frederick Rolfe, on the other hand, looked at the boy, he saw -- quite literally -- only himself. Rolfe so loved William of Norwich that he once painted a picture of the boy in which each of the 150 figures had Rolfe's own features, including his raven-like nose. (Rolfe, I should add, was a miserably failed priest who while living in poverty in Italy renamed himself the Baron Corvo, so he probably is not the best authority on making good choices).\nThe propensity to see in the boy martyr the revered, the holy, and an extension of an idealized self is certainly part of the medieval tradition. Yet there is something disturbing, even a bit Other, about little children in medieval texts. There is a way in which the child, who is \"us\" and \"not us\" at once, is a composite formed of recognizable desires and inscrutable demands, a domestic intrusion of the intimate other. Baron Corvo was not true to medieval tradition or to common sense in loving his boy martyr so much, and in granting his dead boy no possibility of challenging that desire, of being as alien as he was beloved.\nFurther reading on Rolfe:\nPaul Fussell, The Great War and Modern Memory (Oxford UP 1975)\nFr. Rolfe / Baron Corvo, Collected Poems, ed. Cecil woolf (London: Cecil and Amelia Woolf, 1974)", "summary": "Frederick Rolfe (Baron Corvo) wrote the poem “The Boy Martyr of Norwich” around 1889, blending the medieval legend of William of Norwich—a boy allegedly murdered by Jews—with Chaucerian elements. The poem, presented in both clumsy English and Latin, dramatizes the boy’s martyrdom and portrays Jews as hostile antagonists, while emphasizing a homoerotic fascination with the youthful victim. Rolfe’s personal obsession with the figure is highlighted by his self‑portraiture of the boy, contrasting with medieval author Thomas of Monmouth’s devotional motives. The entry also notes Rolfe’s troubled life and suggests further reading."}
{"id": "0334e63059c2af1f1199b490537f83d54cfa22f76c8c7413cacec651d6166d9a", "source": "This Statement on the Fair Use of Images for Teaching, Research, and Study describes six uses of copyrighted still images that the Visual Resources Association (www.vraweb.org) believes fall within the U.S. doctrine of fair use. The six uses are: 1) preservation (storing images for repeated use in a teaching context and transferring images to new formats); 2) use of images for teaching purposes; 3) use of images (both large, high-resolution images and thumbnails) on course websites and in other online study materials; 4) adaptations of images for teaching and classroom work by students; 5) sharing images among educational and cultural institutions to facilitate teaching and study; and 6) reproduction of images in theses and dissertations.\nWagner, Gretchen and Kohl, Allan T.\n\"Visual Resources Association: Statement on the Fair Use of Images for Teaching, Research and Study,\"\nVRA Bulletin: Vol. 38\n, Article 5.\nAvailable at: http://online.vraweb.org/vrab/vol38/iss1/5", "summary": "The Visual Resources Association outlines six categories of copyrighted still-image uses it deems fair under U.S. law: preserving images for repeated teaching use and format conversion; employing images directly in teaching; posting both high‑resolution and thumbnail images on course websites and other online study materials; allowing students to adapt images for classroom work; sharing images between educational and cultural institutions for teaching and study; and reproducing images in theses and dissertations. The statement is authored by Gretchen Wagner and Allan T. Kohl and appears in VRA Bulletin vol. 38, article 5."}
{"id": "034aecc5c0174cbf778928efa2b36537d61753c241bf7122b2fad97109a69a49", "source": "UCI student presenters discussed their research and engaged the audience in digital games during their presentation at the 2017 Digital Media and Learning Conference. Their presentation title was Media and Technology for Cognitive Enhancement throughout the Lifespan.\nPresenters: Grace Lin, Shafee Mohammed, Emily Sumner, Snigdha Kamarsu, Minnie Wu, Chelsea Parlett, Robert Kalinowski\nThe field of cognitive sciences has increasingly embraced the use of media and technology in assessing and enhancing people’s cognitive skills. This panel presents an interdisciplinary approach to bridge cognitive sciences, digital media/technology, and learning sciences. We first introduce our kid-friendly cognitive assessments (e.g., Child Risk Utility Measure), highlighting the affordances and contributions of digital media in understanding children’s thinking. Established cognitive measures tend to be aesthetically unappealing to children, and often fail to take into account their cognitive limitations. Digital media and technological tools allowed us to circumvent this issue by making cognitive tests into games that children enjoy. We then discuss four research studies which use media and technology to help improve various cognitive functions. The first seeks to improve preschoolers’ spatial reasoning ability through songs and dance that emphasize spatial vocabulary and gesturing. The second aims to improve kindergartners’ numerical knowledge through digital games meant to train children’s domain-general executive function skills or domain-specific number sense. The third targets preteens with ADHD and aims to improve working memory and inhibition processes through scaffolding within a memory game. Finally, digital training games are not limited to children; tablet games also prove to be a crucial instrument for enhancing older adults’ performance on working memory tasks. Together, these studies emphasize the versatility of digital media and technology in improving people’s learning and learning abilities in individuals of all ages.\nWe close with an overview into further insights our aggregate data can provide. Specifically, analyses of data from similar media-and-game training studies can help pinpoint individual characteristics that allow people to benefit from the games. In the future, we hope that understanding individual differences through these analyses can help inform personalization of learning.\nTitles and Presenters\nA freshly baked perspective on how we measure risk propensity in children, Emily Sumner\nGametizing Cognitive Tests, Grace Lin\nA Song of Space and Kids to Go “Above, Above, Above”, Robert Kalinowski\nImproving Mathematics through Playing Games, Grace Lin & Snigdha Kamarsu\nImproving Working Memory and Assessing Motivation to Play, Minnie Wu\nBenefits of Tablet-Based Brain Training in Older Adults, Chelsea Parlett\nCan Machine Learning help predict Working Memory Training Gains?, Shafee Mohammed\nComments are closed.", "summary": "At the 2017 Digital Media and Learning Conference, UCI students presented \"Media and Technology for Cognitive Enhancement throughout the Lifespan,\" describing interdisciplinary work that uses digital games and media to assess and improve cognition across ages. They introduced child-friendly digital assessments, then detailed four studies: songs and dance to boost preschoolers' spatial reasoning; digital games to enhance kindergarteners' number sense and executive function; a memory game to support working memory and inhibition in preteens with ADHD; and tablet games to improve older adults' working memory. They concluded that aggregated data can reveal individual traits predicting benefit, guiding personalized learning."}
{"id": "03a64709f98dc98f1524a2c5c26f21fbc07bc677054e9e343645e61cf96dd34a", "source": "The impetus for these two lessons were born from our experiences facilitating synchronous bibliographic instruction at the collegiate level. Both Zinnat and I have worked as information assistants at the Rosenthal Library; in addition, we have also worked as high school teachers, so we chose goals and objectives that we felt were the most relevant and most important.\nFrom our experiences, we have noted that one of the largest obstacles that incoming students face is their ignorance of databases, and their overuse of search engines. 17-20 year olds run to Google or Yahoo for all their reference needs, despite the pedigree of their queries. In high school a general knowledge of a topic is acceptable, but once you become a college scholar you are expected to delve into a topic and not subsist on topical knowledge.\nThe sad reality is that most college freshmen come to their first year of college without a proper foundation in research strategies. As a result, they believe that all their information needs can be satisfied by search engines and condition themselves to utilize the databases sparingly. Colleges spend a great deal of their operating budgets on database subscriptions, so it is in the best interest of academic libraries to condition their students to utilize, engage with, and rely on databases for all their information needs.\nWe thought having two bibliographic lessons would assist students (or at least surreptitiously condition them) to retain the knowledge they have gained. We thought that having 90 mins for each lesson would be ideal; the lessons we designed don't take 90 mins to \"teach\", therefore this gives technologically-impaired and late students time to catch up or pursue questions at the end of our sessions. If we designed our lessons for 90 mins and then used all of the 90 mins that would leave zero time for students to clarify misunderstandings.\nIt was our aim to have students obtain a conceptual understanding of databases so that they can apply that knowledge to use any database that utlizes a controlled vocabulary. This is why we incorporated a discussion of cost benefit analysis in the Introduction of lesson one. We feel that students would be positively motivated to use databases if they realize that access to databases is a service covered by their tuition and fees. Specifically, we ask students to consider if they would pay for a service that they don't use. Even though we are appealing to their pocket books, we are hoping that they will see the benefit of increasing their database usage.\nA Spanglish blog dedicated to the works, ruminations, and mongrel pyrotechnics of Yago S. Cura, an Argentine-American poet, translator, publisher & futbol cretin. Yago publishes Hinchas de Poesia, an online literary journal, & is the sole proprietor of Hinchas Press.", "summary": "The authors, experienced library information assistants and former high school teachers, created two 90‑minute bibliographic instruction lessons to address college freshmen’s overreliance on search engines and lack of database knowledge. They aim to give students a conceptual grasp of databases, especially those using controlled vocabularies, and motivate usage by highlighting cost‑benefit and tuition‑covered access, allowing extra time for questions and clarification."}
{"id": "03ba63a94ce49fbb7b0ab14dbb9a5b6d626daeecfe79f00071c24f93f05268bb", "source": "Moles are generally thought to be small, brownish blemishes on the skin which are painless and harmless. Nearly everyone has moles to some extent and they generally do not need to be removed unless the patient is self-conscious about them or if they are rubbing against clothes and becoming irritated – the typical reason sited for mole removal. Moles come in all shapes and sizes and it’s important to know your moles and monitor them for any changes.\nThis is the most common type of mole on the skin. They are small in diameter, round and fairly flat. Although some babies are born with this sort of moles already, most develop as people get older, most commonly in the first 30 years of life. Moles can appear anywhere on the body and they are more common in people with fair skin than in people with darker skin.\nThis is the second most common types of mole found. They are generally more raised and bumpy than the first sort of moles and can also be hairy. It is also important to state that most people have a combination of many different sorts of moles on their body and don’t have just one type or the other. The dermal melanocytic naevi mole is often lighter in color and can be light enough as to be skin colored. They can occur anywhere on the body and people with this sort of mole on the face often wish to have them removed as many consider them to be unsightly, or feel embarrassed about having them.\nHalo naevi moles are a standard mole surrounded a circle of white, which makes the halo. They are caused when the white blood cells in the body attack the mole. The cause of them is unknown, and this sort of mole is more common in people who suffer from problems with the pigment in their skin, such as vitiligo. As a larger area of the skin is affected than with a standard mole, there may be a greater demand to have them removed.\nAtypical is another way of saying not normal, and these sorts of moles are ones which are showing pre-cancerous changes. People with these sorts of moles do not have cancer and should not be concerned. It does mean though that their moles have a higher chance of changing into malignant melanomas than moles which are not showing the changes such as an irregular outline, so it is vital that if these sorts of moles are identified on the body they should be monitored closely and reported to a doctor. The doctor may well want to take photographs so that accurate comparisons can be made over time and any further changes can be picked up quickly. Although immediate removal is not always required, depending on the number and location of the moles it may be advisable to have the mole removed before any further changes take place.\nApart from having moles in the first place, regular sun exposure is a major factor in whether or not a patient will develop skin cancer. Always use a high factor sunscreen and avoid getting sunburned. Covering up during the hottest parts of the day when the sun is at its highest is also recommended. Sun beds should be avoided, as should be lying on a sun lounger trying to get a sun tan. Use fake tanning products or creams if you want to get the sun kissed look without risking further damage to your skin.", "summary": "The document describes common types of skin moles, noting that most are harmless brownish blemishes that appear in childhood or early adulthood, with variations such as flat common moles, raised dermal melanocytic naevi, halo naevi surrounded by a white ring, and atypical moles that may show pre‑cancerous changes and require monitoring. It advises that moles generally need removal only for cosmetic reasons or irritation, emphasizes the importance of tracking changes, and recommends sun protection—high‑SPF sunscreen, avoiding sunburn, and limiting tanning bed use—to reduce skin‑cancer risk."}
{"id": "0412196b93e84bd2275dff2b43818ea9da2633110daa19ea42b01a10298e32d0", "source": "Acid Reflux Diet May Address Symptoms\nAdopting an acid reflux diet is a positive lifestyle change you can make if you experience acid reflux, sometimes called heartburn or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).\nOf course, before starting an acid reflux diet or changing any regular eating routine, check with your doctor for a complete definitive diagnosis of your condition and for dietary recommendations.\nMedical experts can't pinpoint the exact cause of acid reflux, but they know that some fatty foods and some highly acidic foods and beverages can contribute to the ailment. Acid reflux occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), or valve, allows acid and partially digested food to escape from the stomach into the esophagus. This irritates the esophageal lining, causing brief chest pain, and other symptoms.\nIf you receive a diagnosis of acid reflux, your doctor may suggest an acid reflux diet as part of your acid reflux treatment program.\nFoods that may be eliminated from your diet include:\n- Oranges, grapefruit, lemon, citrus juices, cranberry juice, tomatoes, and raw onion\n- Ground beef chuck, marbled sirloin, and other high-fat meats\n- Fried foods, cookies, chocolate, and potato chips\n- Sour cream, milk shakes, ice cream, and pasta with tomato or cream sauce\n- Liquor, wine, beer, and coffee and tea (regular and decaffeinated)\nAlternative foods to eat include:\n- Apples, bananas, baked potatoes, broccoli, carrots, green beans, and peas\n- Extra-lean ground beef, skinless chicken breast, egg whites, broiled fish, feta cheese, and fat-free cottage cheese\n- Multi-grain bread, bran, oatmeal, and brown or white rice\n- Mineral water, water, and apple juice\n- Low-fat salad dressing\n- Fat-free cookies\nYour acid reflux diet routine may also include eating frequent small meals throughout the day instead of three larger meals. And, since acid reflux causes partially digested food to re-enter the esophagus from the stomach, you may want to avoid eating two to three hours before bedtime or lying down. Placing your body in a prone position can increase the likelihood of acid and food from your stomach escaping into your esophagus.\nIn addition to an acid reflux diet, measures that may reduce your symptoms include exercise, quitting smoking, and losing weight. Before adopting any of the above lifestyle changes, check with your physician for a proper diagnosis and recommendations.", "summary": "The document advises that individuals diagnosed with acid reflux or GERD may benefit from a specific diet, recommending consultation with a doctor before making changes. It notes that fatty and highly acidic foods can trigger symptoms and lists foods to avoid, such as citrus fruits, high‑fat meats, fried items, and certain beverages, while suggesting alternatives like apples, bananas, lean proteins, whole grains, and low‑fat dairy. It also recommends eating smaller, frequent meals, avoiding eating close to bedtime, and incorporating lifestyle measures such as exercise, smoking cessation, and weight loss."}
{"id": "047a949e05a8ecfe0962b6287f1306c48ce1e82356604b45f8cdff16bac1914d", "source": "Irritating U.S. export -- fire ants\nFire ants came to the South as an unwanted gift from Argentina more than half a century ago. But now, the United States has managed to export the ant around the globe, according to a team of researchers tracking the migration.\n\"It's just exploded in the last 10 years,\" said one of the researchers, University of Georgia entomologist Kenneth Ross.\nWorking with former UGA student DeWayne Shoemaker, Ross and other scientists compared genetic material from red imported fire ants in the United States to fire ants that have showed up over the past decade in Australia, Taiwan, Hong Kong and China.\nThey also looked at genetic material from colonies in the ants' native territory, Argentina.\nThe researchers concluded that the fire ants now infesting Asia and Australia came from the American South, with one exception. One type of fire ant that has become established in Taiwan actually came from California - but the California ants had been accidentally imported from the Southern United States earlier, so they're ultimately from the South, too.\nFire ants recently discovered in New Zealand are almost certainly from the United States as well, Ross said.\nShoemaker, Ross and other scientists took genetic material from more than 2,000 ant colonies in 11 countries to track the stinging ants' global travels.\nThe study demonstrates the power of recently developed methods of genetic analysis, Ross said. Scientists are using similar techniques to map waves of human migration across the globe over the centuries.\nBut the scientists also see a frightening side effect from swelling global trade at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st, he said.\nThe fire ant seemed hunkered down in Georgia and other parts of the American South for decades after it was accidentally brought to Mobile, Ala., on a South American cargo ship in the late 1930s.\nJust in the past 10 years, the United States has become a transportation hub for the fire ant, sending it across the Pacific to at least three and probably five countries.\n\"I've had some people suggest to me that it's bioterrorists, or even malicious tourists. But it's almost certainly the case that it's large-scale shipping,\" Ross said.\nThe fire ant is by no means the only unwanted animal or plant species the U.S. has accidentally exported over the past decade or so. But the stinging ant is one of the most striking examples, Ross said.\n\"Once they get established, they move around easily, by their own dispersal abilities but also by human activities,\" he said.\nHidden in a cargo container, the ants can survive a long time with just a little moisture. If they get hungry enough, the adults will cannibalize the young.\n\"They're really well adapted to surviving long, arduous journeys under difficult circumstances,\" Ross said.\nObservers reported floating rafts of fire ants in the floods that followed Hurricane Katrina - another well-documented survival mechanism that lets fire ants move to dry land and safety during floods, Ross said.\nAs global trade accelerates, opportunities are rising for fire ants and other invasive species to move from country to country, Ross said.\n\"It's a very difficult situation, even if we were all in agreement that we wanted to deal with this issue - and it's not clear everyone does,\" Ross said. \"The question becomes, how in the world do you do it with the scale of global commerce?\"", "summary": "Researchers led by University of Georgia entomologist Kenneth Ross analyzed genetic material from over 2,000 fire ant colonies in 11 countries and concluded that red imported fire ants now found in Australia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, and likely New Zealand originated from the American South, with a Taiwan population tracing back to California ants that were themselves imported from the South. The study highlights how large‑scale shipping has turned the U.S. into a hub for exporting this invasive species, illustrating broader risks of global trade facilitating the spread of unwanted organisms."}
{"id": "05959fc6a7636216e9b3eb39b2e968c7f607958e7bf6cba4200e554c2d4f8ec9", "source": "The general topic of computational modeling of materials covers a wide range of size scales and applications: atomistic models to continuum approaches, quantum mechanics-based prediction of electrical and magnetic responses to deformation modeling of rolling and forming operations, three-dimensional deposition technology for single components to component assembly of large scale structures.\nMaterials production technology is based traditionally on combinations of:\n- Fluid flow: Molten metal flow into ingots or molds, polymer flow into pre-pregs or molds\n- High rate deformation: Rolling, extrusion, forging\n- Heat treatment: Controlled thermal excursions to develop a required microstructure and properties\nMore recently manufacturing processes have sought to reduce material waste and production cost by developing components closer to the final shape using:\n- Spray forming\n- Sintering of powder components\n- Additive manufacturing\nAs the requirement for materials with novel properties and complex shapes has increased, additional manufacturing processes have emerged such as:\n- Monolithic ceramic composite production using reactive melt infiltration\n- Nano particle production through plasma deposition\n- Ultrasonic coupled colloid chemistry\n- Forming of 3D shapes with complex curvature\nDespite the importance of materials based technology for providing the basis for innovative products and processes, it can take over 20 years to introduce new materials into the market. Computational analysis can be used to accelerate the rate at which advanced materials can be deployed and accurate simulation of all these processes and product forms requires the use of complex, highly non-linear and coupled multiphysics and multiscale models. For example, accurate simulation of the Reactive Melt Infiltration Ceramic Matrix Composite production process requires the simultaneous analysis of fluid flow, thermal, reaction kinetics, phase transformation and structural mechanics.\nPrediction of the response of materials with special properties requires integration of the specific material constitutive behavior laws with the physics responsible for the effect of interest. For example, the response of coupled electromechanical response of piezoelectric based transducers or energy harvesters can be predicted by two constitutive equations which define how the stress (T), strain (S), charge density displacement (D) and electric field (E) interact; in strain-charge form these are:\nS = sE . T + dT . E\nD = d . T + εT . E\nSimilarly, the Seebeck and Peltier effects govern prediction of the thermoelectric effect for which the governing equations for electric current balance and heat energy balance are:\nTechnology for forming and joining of materials into complex component shapes can also be aided by computational analysis. Prediction of optimum heating patterns to develop controlled distortion has been used to develop complex curvatures, the effect of welding induced residual stresses on component lifetime can be predicted and innovative electromagnetic of ultrasonic technologies for materials consolidation and die less forming and joining have been developed.\nThrough the application of computational analysis of advanced materials and materials processing technology AltaSim has helped its clients achieve optimum performance in applications including:\n- Ceramic matrix processing technology\n- Plasma deposition\n- Catalytic reactions\n- Three-dimensional material deposition\n- Microwave processing of materials\n- Silicon processing technology\n- Heat treatment procedures\n- Corrosion behavior\n- Materials joining technology\n- Component forming\nTo discuss how AltaSim can help your development needs for materials technology, please contact us to arrange more detailed discussions.", "summary": "The document outlines how computational modeling spans atomistic to continuum scales to support diverse material processes—including fluid flow, high‑rate deformation, heat treatment, spray forming, sintering, additive manufacturing, and advanced techniques like reactive melt infiltration and plasma deposition. It emphasizes that multiscale, multiphysics simulations can accelerate the typically 20‑year market introduction of new materials by predicting coupled phenomena such as piezoelectric electromechanical behavior, thermoelectric effects, and welding‑induced residual stresses. The text also lists AltaSim’s services in areas such as ceramic matrix processing, plasma and microwave processing, catalytic reactions, heat treatment, corrosion, and component forming."}
{"id": "07554f4aae8828daf8449445db797f3051afd4e85237ec976a05502e324bd510", "source": "All over New Zealand, there is a huge groundswell of interest in pest control for biodiversity protection. Small, isolated patches may not provide enough habitat to allow native species to survive in perpetuity, but a coordinated approach across tenures could develop ‘metapopulations’ at a landscape scale. (A metapopulation is a group of spatially separated but interacting populations of the same species). Hence local community groups, DOC, regional councils, large and small businesses and research providers all have a role to play.\nRecently Wendy Ruscoe, Al Glen (both Landcare Research at Lincoln) and their colleagues began work with the Robertson Foundation Aotearoa, Hawkes Bay Regional Council, and Department of Conservation to set up the Wide-Scale Predator Control Project. This aims to apply ‘metapopulation’ management over a scale of tens of thousands of hectares in the Maungaharuru-Tutira Area. The project considerably expands on DOC’s initiatives in the Boundary Stream Mainland Island (BSMI), which has had pest control for 15 years. Bellbird Bush and Opouahi Reserve nearby, as well as many smaller privately-owned blocks in Hawkes Bay also provide protected native habitat but are separated from BSMI by unprotected agricultural land.\nPopulations of native species including kiwi, kokako, North Island robin, and Hawkes Bay tree weta persist in BSMI but are constantly under threat of predation by invading pest animals. The threat of predation is especially intense when native animals attempt to move between these protected areas. Wendy and colleagues will determine whether the level of predator control implemented across the pastoral landscape is sufficient for a suite of native species (birds, reptiles and insects) to make more effective use of the network of native forest remnants. They also plan to determine if fragments close to BSMI show a more rapid response than isolated fragments. Models of connectivity between patches will help managers and community groups decide where and when to carry out landscape-scale pest control within limited budgets.", "summary": "A coordinated pest‑control effort across New Zealand aims to create landscape‑scale metapopulations for native species by linking isolated forest patches. Researchers Wendy Ruscoe and Al Glen, with the Robertson Foundation, Hawke’s Bay Regional Council and the Department of Conservation, have launched the Wide‑Scale Predator Control Project in the Maungaharuru‑Tutira area, expanding on the Boundary Stream Mainland Island’s 15‑year program. The project will assess whether predator control on surrounding farmland enables species such as kiwi, kokako, North Island robin and tree weta to move between remnants, and will use connectivity models to guide cost‑effective, large‑scale pest‑management actions."}
{"id": "07cd4c37e35cfbca8b170b5dada9a83d296effdbba825076cf852c9fefb1cd84", "source": "The day starts with registration,\nthe opening ceremony and a short keynote speech\nfrom a Math, Science or Engineering professional.\nStudents attend 3 different workshops\n(below are some samples)\nCitrus Fruit Battery\nStudents made a battery using oranges and lemons to\npower a small LCD display.\nComputer Repair and Networking\nDuring this hands-on workshop girls had the opportunity to learn about the internal hardware of a computer.\nThey dismantled a working computer, identified and discussed the internal components, and rebuilt the system.\nGirls discovered the many robots that we use every day. They built, programmed, and ran a\nreal LEGO™ robot, then participated in a robot war!\nStudents built a small electronic toy\nusing soldering equipment.\nFun with Science\nAn interactive hands-on presentation demonstrating\nbasic principles of science.\nConducting electricity; even through your body.\nLiquid Nitrogen Experiments\nDemonstrations on how things can be\nGathering in the University Center!\nEnjoy lunch with your friends!", "summary": "The event begins with registration, an opening ceremony, and a brief keynote by a professional in math, science, or engineering, followed by three student workshops covering topics such as building citrus fruit batteries to power LCD displays, hands‑on computer repair and networking where participants disassemble and rebuild a computer, and LEGO robot construction and programming with a robot war competition; additional activities include soldering a small electronic toy, a \"Fun with Science\" demonstration of basic principles like conducting electricity through the body, and liquid nitrogen experiments, all concluding with a lunch break in the University Center."}
{"id": "07ddb95aee72dbc9ca04ef1aa298df9d32c042e5e9fdea04bc2c225efc7b2d40", "source": "It is vital to know the differences between the different types of ink to understand which ink is suited for desirable printing purposes. There are basically three types of inks that are used for printing that is:\n- Dye Ink\n- Pigment Ink\n- Sublimation Inks\nDye Inks and Pigments Ink are used more as compared to sublimated ink. In this article, we will focus on Dye Ink and Pigment Ink. To understand the differences between both the types of ink we will first look at the characteristics of Dye ink vs pigment ink..\nThis ink is the most commonly used ink in the printing field. Dye ink is a mixture of water and dye. Like the sugar dissolves in water, for making this ink, the dye ink is dissolved in water. The dye ink is popular for printing because of the size of its particles. The size of the dye particles is in nanometers somewhere between 1.5- 4 nm due to which it gives bright colors on the paper, and the picture quality is also excellent. Dye inks are water soluble and can the print with dye ink can stay for 25-30 years on the paper.\nPigment ink has been gaining popularity due to its longevity when it comes to staying power and fading. Pigment ink is made of the small ink particles that are encapsulated, which gives color. Pigment Ink has the particles of the size 0.5-2.2 micrometers. These types of ink are water-insoluble and can stay for up to 200 years.\nDye Ink vs Pigment Ink\n|The dye inks have smaller particles that can seep into the paper while printing.||Pigment inks do not show the property of “seeping” in like the dye stains.|\n|Dye inks can start flowing due to water or humidity because it is water soluble.||Pigment inks do not start flowing as it is water insoluble.|\n|The dye ink stains the paper while printing as it is absorbed.||The pigment ink is not absorbed; rather it sits on the top of the paper, unlike dye ink.|\n|The images are brilliant because of the bright colors of the dye ink.||The picture quality is not that amazing as compared to the dye ink.|\n|Dye ink cannot withstand washing and UV as it is neither waterproof nor UV resistant.||Pigment ink can withstand fading, washing and UV rays.|\n|As the dye can fade easily it’s staying power is up to 30 years.||The dye doesn’t fade away quickly and can stay up to 200 years.|\n|Dye ink is best suited for using in offices and schools. The ink can be used to print on print cards, PVC cards, etc.||Due to it’s long staying power this type of ink can be used for printing on T-shirts for cotton material fabric.|\nSo after going by all the characteristics and differences in the inks, it is advised to use Pigment ink for heat transfer paper. The reason for using a pigment ink over the regular dye ink is that the pigment ink doesn’t fade quickly. It can also resist humidity and can be used for printing on the T-shirts using the right heat transfer paper. There are heat machines available that allow to press the pigment on the T-shirt using a heat transfer paper.\nIn conclusion, Pigment dyes should be used for heat transfer as the dye ink starts staining due to the heat.", "summary": "The document compares dye ink and pigment ink, noting that dye ink consists of water‑soluble nanometer‑sized particles (1.5‑4 nm) that produce bright colors but fade after 25‑30 years and are vulnerable to water, humidity, and UV; pigment ink uses larger water‑insoluble particles (0.5‑2.2 µm), sits on the paper surface, resists washing, humidity, and UV, and can last up to 200 years. Consequently, the author recommends pigment ink for heat‑transfer printing on fabrics because of its durability and resistance to fading."}
{"id": "097fc12ae4963bbb168b43f48bc1f17288ec53f548227d1e48bfce15c1ce0756", "source": "- Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes; may be latent or manifest and, if manifest, it may be constant or intermittent.\n- Common cause of diplopia (double vision) and visual confusion (seeing different objects in the same place) in adults.\n- Important cause for amblyopia (decreased vision in an anatomically normal eye caused by suppression) in children.\n- May be aesthetically obvious to the patient and others, resulting in psychosocial problems.\n- Evaluation involves a detailed medical history, including a complete ocular history, followed by thorough neurological and ophthalmic examinations.\n- Treatment is directed at restoring and maintaining ocular alignment, eliminating diplopia or visual confusion, enabling binocular vision, and restoring normal appearance.\n- If strabismus is secondary to an underlying cause (e.g., sixth cranial nerve palsy causing esotropia), treatment of this condition is necessary.\nLetzte Aktualisierung am: Sep 26, 2012", "summary": "Strabismus is a misalignment of the eyes' visual axes that can be latent or manifest, constant or intermittent, and is a common cause of diplopia and visual confusion in adults and amblyopia in children. It may be visibly noticeable, leading to psychosocial issues. Diagnosis requires a comprehensive medical, ocular, neurological, and ophthalmic assessment. Treatment aims to correct alignment, eliminate double vision, achieve binocular vision, and improve appearance, and must address any underlying cause such as a cranial nerve palsy."}
{"id": "0a26d23c1e7d9ac83ac39553f9042f181a58015d3b31543ba805dafff1bb7468", "source": "A large and muscular dog, the Rhodesian Ridgeback was not only developed as hunter but also as a family protector. The breed can be light wheaten to red wheaten and are sleek and glossy in appearance. Originally bred to hunt lions the breed is also known as the African Lion Hound.\nA native of South Africa, the Rhodesian Ridgeback was bred by the Boer farmers to fill their specific need for a serviceable hunting dog in the wilds. In 1877 Reverend Helm introduced two Ridgebacks into Rhodesia where big game hunters found them outstanding in the sport of hunting lions on horseback. They raised and bred these dogs with an appreciation for their exceptional hunting qualities, the ridge on their back becoming a unique trademark. In 1950 outstanding specimens were imported to the United States and the breed was admitted to registration by the AKC in 1955.\nDue to their short coats Ridgebacks shed very little and require only weekly brushing and occasional baths. The breed is also athletic, requiring regular exercise. Trustworthy with children, they are “people” dogs and like to be where you are, possibly curled up on the couch if permitted.\n- Hound Group; AKC recognized in 1955.\n- Ranging in size from 24 to 27 inches tall at the shoulder and 70 to 85 pounds.\n- Lion hunter; guard dog.\n- Apartment is ok.\n- Daily vigorous exercise.\n- Easy care.\n- Average shedding.", "summary": "The Rhodesian Ridgeback, a large muscular dog from South Africa, was originally bred by Boer farmers for lion hunting and later became a family protector; it is recognized by the AKC in the Hound Group since 1955, stands 24–27 inches tall, weighs 70–85 pounds, has a short glossy coat that sheds little, needs weekly brushing, regular vigorous exercise, and is trustworthy with children, making it suitable even for apartments."}
{"id": "0be09cb99f5fa9c452b6a137db8885927fc7a1c5df43faf105836e5ceaf7f4e0", "source": "Definition - What does Spermicide mean?\nSpermicides have been used throughout history from as early as 1850 BC when the Ancient Egyptians used a mix of crocodile dung and fermented dough to prevent pregnancy.\nModern spermicides are clear, unscented, and unflavored substances with lubricating properties. They may take the form of gels, films, creams, suppositories, and foams. Most contain the active ingredient nonoxynol-9.\nKinkly explains Spermicide\nHowever, when used alone, spermicide typically fails in 28% of cases making it the least reliable form of birth control. It is more effective when used in conjunction with barrier contraceptives, such as condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, and sponges. The use of spermicide improves the effectiveness of these contraceptive methods.\nWhen used correctly, spermicide is said to fail in 18% of cases. Women can boost the effectiveness of their spermicide by carefully following the instructions included. Spermicide inserted deep into the vagina will block the cervix, making it impossible for sperm to pass through. This is more effective than simply inhibiting the motion of sperm which is what spermicide inserted closer to the vaginal opening will do.\nWomen generally lie down, or squat, then apply spermicide with their fingers or an applicator. Women are often instructed to wait 10 to 15 minutes before having intercourse. Spermicide typically remains effective for an hour after insertion. Women should reapply spermicide to have sex again even if it is within the one hour timeframe.\nIt’s important to note that while spermicide can prevent pregnancy, it provides no protection from sexually transmitted infections. In fact, if spermicide is used twice or more during the day, women have a greater chance of contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.\nMost couples experience no side effects using spermicide, but some men and women may suffer temporary skin irritations.", "summary": "Spermicide, historically used since at least 1850 BC, is now a clear, unscented, unflavored product—often a gel, film, cream, suppository, or foam—typically containing nonoxynol‑9. Used alone it fails in about 28% of cases (18% with correct use), but its effectiveness improves when combined with barrier methods such as condoms or diaphragms. Proper application involves inserting it deep into the vagina, waiting 10–15 minutes before intercourse, and reapplying after an hour; it does not protect against STIs and may increase HIV risk with frequent use, while most users experience no side effects aside from occasional skin irritation."}
{"id": "0c8451e2c42b57303ee459d911a6ee9b64a776a1d427e87d9216677a5b9858ec", "source": "-> Click here to learn how to get live help <-\nNAMEglShadeModel - select flat or smooth shading\nC SPECIFICATIONvoid f3glShadeModelfP( GLenum fImodefP )\nDESCRIPTIONGL primitives can have either flat or smooth shading. Smooth shading, the default, causes the computed colors of vertices to be interpolated as the primitive is rasterized, typically assigning different colors to each resulting pixel fragment. Flat shading selects the computed color of just one vertex and assigns it to all the pixel fragments generated by rasterizing a single primitive. In either case, the computed color of a vertex is the result of lighting if lighting is enabled, or it is the current color at the time the vertex was specified if lighting is disabled. Flat and smooth shading are indistinguishable for points. Starting when %f3glBeginfP is issued and counting vertices and primitives from 1, the GL gives each flat-shaded line segment $i$ the computed color of vertex $i ~+~ 1$, its second vertex. Counting similarly from 1, the GL gives each flat-shaded polygon the computed color of the vertex listed in the following table. This is the last vertex to specify the polygon in all cases except single polygons, where the first vertex specifies the flat-shaded color.\nERRORS%f3GL_INVALID_ENUMfP is generated if f2modefP is any value other than %f3GL_FLATfP or %f3GL_SMOOTHfP. %f3GL_INVALID_OPERATIONfP is generated if %f3glShadeModelfP is executed between the execution of %f3glBeginfP and the corresponding execution of %f3glEndfP.\nASSOCIATED GETS%f3glGetfP with argument %f3GL_SHADE_MODELfP\nSEE ALSO%f3glBegin(3G)fP, %f3glColor(3G)fP, %f3glLight(3G)fP, %f3glLightModel(3G)fP", "summary": "The glShadeModel function selects flat or smooth shading for OpenGL primitives. Smooth shading, the default, interpolates vertex colors across fragments, while flat shading uses the color of a single vertex for the entire primitive. For flat-shaded lines, the color of the second vertex is used; for polygons, the color of the last listed vertex is used, except for single polygons where the first vertex determines the color. Errors occur if an invalid mode is supplied or if the function is called between glBegin and glEnd. The current shading model can be queried with glGet using GL_SHADE_MODEL."}
{"id": "0dc7bd8b72229cc8720e732cc95f9eaf1c6f6dadf24d191320121a1f599b9bd8", "source": "Sometimes it can be a challenge to engage children in conversation. One of the ways I have done so is to use what I call conversational materials. Generally, I look to these products when it is time for the child to integrate what she has learned into conversation. These materials encourage children to verbally interact with me. Now there are apps that can be used to do the same. I have 14 apps that I have categorized as conversation apps. Rather than blog about them all at once, I will discuss two in this post and two at a time in subsequent posts.\nWhat’s Different: These first apps ask the child to identify which picture is different. These apps can also be used for same and different concept learning.Four pictures are presented at the bottom of the screen. One of them is different from the rest. The child moves the one that is different into a box on the right side of the screen. When using this app, I would ask the child to talk about why the picture is different from the other three. One could extend the task and talk about why the other three pictures are the same.\nAges: Levels 1—ages 3-5, Level 3—ages 4-6\nDeveloper website: myfirstapp.com\nCost: Lite version has eight different series and is free. A set of 12 for each level can be purchased for $1.99\nSpot the Differences: I like this app a lot. I have always liked the challenge of finding what is different in scenes. Wasn’t it the Highlight magazine in doctors’ offices that had us finding hidden objects and scene differences to distract us from the sound of the drill or other children crying when they got their shots?\nIn this app, two seemingly identical scenes appear side-by-side on the screen. Differences can be found when one compares the details in the scenes. When one finds a difference in each attractively presented cartoon scene, one taps on the scene and a yellow checkmark appears accompanied by a ding. If one taps and there is no difference, a red X appears accompanied by a buzz. There are seven differences in each scene. Explaining what is different between the scene’s characters and objects is the conversational task. There are easy, medium and difficult levels for each scene. I tried the difficult level and found that finding some of the differences was challenging. Another way to use this app is to ask the child to describe the scenes and then talk about what they would do if they were there.\nThis app can be set to any one of the following languages: English, French, Portugese, and Italian.\nAges: Easy level—ages 4-6, medium level—ages 4-7, difficult level—ages 7+\nDeveloper website: paddix.com\nCost: Lite version has two different scenes and is free. A complete set of 15 can be purchased for $1.99.", "summary": "The author describes using conversational materials, including two specific apps, to encourage children to talk about visual differences. The first app presents four pictures, prompting the child to move the odd one out and discuss why it differs, suitable for ages 3‑6, with a free lite version and a $1.99 full set. The second app, Spot the Differences, shows side‑by‑side cartoon scenes with seven hidden differences; tapping correct spots yields a checkmark, incorrect taps a buzz, and it supports English, French, Portuguese, and Italian, with difficulty levels for ages 4‑7+ and a similar pricing model."}
{"id": "0ddb8c00206f60dc10677fce245fd478d3f26e6671301b0ba232c149e1561f95", "source": "A patron of the Archives stopped in and informed us he had just been to a vexillology conference. He asked if we had any textiles and banners, and were able to show him a few. He will return to the Archives to study them. In the mean time, we looked at one banner with a novice nod to vexillology.\nVexillology is the study of flags and banners. Vexologists study how flags change through time and how that knowledge can be used to understand how a country or organization evolved. Flags and banners can symbolize a country’s struggles, people, its culture, and virtues. This is a fascinating study, we have recently looked at a number of banners in our holdings, and the Slovenian American Society of Butte is a division of the St. Peter and Paul Society. This organization came together December 21, 1892, to form a community of people of one country, they help each other through the process of integration into American Society. They sooth the immigrant’s soul, provide a place to go to speak their native language and share cultural activities. The organizations also provide an essential sick and death benefit. The Slovenian American banner is purple with gold lettering, fleur-de-lis, and stars. The color of the flag could mean justice or sovereignty. The Slovenian people fought to maintain their cultural independence, their language, written text, art, and music for over 1,500 years. The gold speaks to generosity and elevation of the mind. The symbols of the fleur-de-lis could speak to purity and light and the stars to independence. It is a great textile piece and it was interesting to look at the piece with amateur eyes and the brief introduction to vexillology.", "summary": "A patron visiting the Archives after a vexillology conference requested to view textiles and banners, prompting staff to examine a Slovenian American Society of Butte banner. The society, founded on December 21, 1892 as a division of the St. Peter and Paul Society, supports Slovenian immigrants in the United States with cultural, linguistic, and welfare services. Their banner is described as purple with gold lettering, a fleur‑de‑lis, and stars, symbols interpreted as representing justice or sovereignty, generosity, purity, light, and independence, reflecting the community’s long‑standing cultural heritage."}
{"id": "0df2d193cb5a07862037ce089d91bdcc9a5ac7c2bcca06e22b8b544e4cceac80", "source": "In this episode of the Prefecture Go Podcast, hosts Richard Banks and Stephen Powell discuss the exciting topics of robotics, machine learning, the Internet of Things (IoT), and current and emerging technologies.\nRobotics, machine learning, and IoT are all evolving and working together. Since IoT generates massive amounts of data from millions of devices and machine learning is powered by data and generates insight from it, combining the two has the possibility to deliver insights that have otherwise been hidden in data. Machine learning for IoT could be used to project trends, detect irregularities, and more. The combination of IoT, machine learning, and robotics offers great potential to carry out complex physical tasks over smart networks.\nJoin Richard and Stephen as they address the common fear that robots could steal jobs, explore how robotics could actually be a vehicle for job creation, and analyze the meaning of the quote “A.I. maximizes the freedom of action.”", "summary": "In a Prefecture Go Podcast episode, hosts Richard Banks and Stephen Powell discuss how robotics, machine learning, and the Internet of Things are converging, noting that IoT’s massive data streams can fuel machine‑learning insights to predict trends and detect anomalies, while combined with robotics they can perform complex physical tasks across smart networks; they also address concerns that robots might take jobs, argue that robotics can create employment, and examine the claim that AI expands freedom of action."}
{"id": "0fab1aba4e6bfa21f735a3dccefe2b0a148ba2fa80bf2ce7b578b00b080f38b8", "source": "The internet can be a dangerous place if we are not careful. Nasty viruses are lurking everywhere but more dangerous are certain malware that can range from simply being annoying and wasting your time to really devastating and trying to hijack your operating system or browser.\nMalware attacks have become more apparent when downloading freeware. Free downloads are some of the usual places where these nasty bugs are luring and trying to catch you. Being prepared and careful will save you a lot of trouble and guarantee safe download. It’s makes perfect sense – just like we would use a Betting calculator before placing any bets online, we should use antivirus to protect ourselves from risk when downloading free things.\nHere are some ways that you can follow to protect yourself against malware.\nOnly Use Reliable Antivirus and Malware Software\nIn order to really protect yourself and your computer, reliable malware programs are necessary. Sure, there are many that come for free but don’t offer the full scope of protection that a prime version might. If downloading free software was what got you in trouble in the first place, then adding a reliable malware software is the least you can do.\nConfigure Regular Scans and Monitor Settings\nIn order to help yourself against malware, regular scans need to be implemented. This, of course, means having an antivirus program first. There are actually many people in the US that do not have any sort of protection when it comes to software. This is highly important and should be taken seriously. In order to ensure protection one also needs to configure scan settings and monitor them. Scans should be conducted regularly and at hours when you are not using your computer. Also, it is necessary that the computer remain turned on at all times during the scan, so turning off idle or screensaver options is helpful.\nUpdate Your Operating System\nWe can’t stress enough how important it is to update your system. Malware attacks happen often and sometimes the cause of it is lack of defense. This vulnerability can come with the lacking defense of your operating system, particularly if it is an old version. If you are one of those people who skip updates and things that they are unnecessary, you are wrong. Updates come with patches and more secure versions of protection which will ensure that your system is not attacked nor left vulnerable to any attacks.\nBrowser Common Sense\nIf downloading free software was the first thing that got you into trouble with malware, then you should employ some browser sense. This is the same as street sense, meaning that if an area is known for being dangerous you are probably going to avoid it and not venture in it. Thus avoid shady sites for free downloads. Always make sure to read the comment section first as there might be warning posts. Also, ask around, don’t let be by a comment that assures you that the software is safe. We are not saying that you should avoid sites that provide freeware altogether, just make sure to go to reliable sources and minimize the risk of getting a bug.", "summary": "The document warns that malware, especially from free software downloads, can range from annoying to system‑hijacking, and recommends several protective measures: use reliable (preferably paid) antivirus and anti‑malware tools, schedule regular scans and keep the computer on during scans, keep the operating system updated to receive security patches, and practice browser common sense by avoiding shady download sites, checking comments, and using reputable sources."}
{"id": "10edf0992b210fe5924b6744c3975187e8f7030afd5258b4902a4eaf3be35d28", "source": "It was an abrupt ending to what was a wonderful time with our North Korean orphan, \"Jae Hwa\". One evening about two years ago, a child in one of our group homes said she was leaving for a boarding school nearby. The house fell under a muffled silence after she left, as if covered in a thick blanket. Jae Hwa had been planning this with her father for months but nobody in the home knew.\nLike all the children in this home, Jae Hwa’s mother was North Korean refugee who was purchased by a Chinese man. Her mother was captured by the Chinese police and sent back to a North Korean prison camp when Jae Hwa was eight-years-old. She came into Crossing Borders’ care in 2011, when she was 13-years-old.\nJae Hwa’s father went to South Korea to find work and kept in touch with his daughter by text message via the smart phone he purchased her.\nThe children in this home were allowed to have smart phones for this very purpose. As time went on, these phones became a nuisance. The kids were using them to play games and to text with their friends. It became harder to hold their attention and this led to conflict as the caretakers of this home would sometimes take these phones away.\nParents around the world are grappling with how to control their children’s smartphone use and so too are the caretakers of our North Kroean orphans. Not only do they have to deal with them as distractions but they must also be wary of the way our children portray their living conditions in these homes to their parents.\nJae Hwa would tell her father that she felt trapped in her home, that her caretakers were too strict and that she was unhappy. These accounts, one must note, were filtered through the lens of a teenage girl. She didn’t report any abuse or specific incidents of wrongdoing. What drove her away was the rigid structure of the home, something teens around the world struggle with.\nTeenagers are impulsive. They make poor choices. They are reckless.\nIn 2012, National Geographic Magazine published a fascinating study on the teenage brain. It was once thought that brains are fully developed by the age of 10, recent studies found that teenagers have brains that are about 90 percent developed. This development could be one of the reasons why teenagers are so impulsive, the study said.\n“These studies help explain why teens behave with such vexing inconsistency: beguiling at breakfast, disgusting at dinner; masterful on Monday, sleepwalking on Saturday,” the writer says. “Along with lacking experience generally, they're still learning to use their brain's new networks.”’\nThis might explain one of the factors to what we consider a poor decision on the part of Jae Hwa.\nShe thought that living in a dorm would allow her to do what she wanted. She thought that she would be able to go to play games at a local PC gaming business through the night. She thought she would be able to go to parties.\nShe realized that this wasn’t true at all.\nHer dormitory has strict rules and in some ways is even stricter than her Crossing Borders group home.\nOur caretakers are adjusting now. They are now loosening the grip they once held on our North Korean orphans. They are now allowed to go to birthday parties and their schedules are less rigid but for now, smartphones are banned in this home.\nJae Hwa visits the home every weekend for church and even brings her classmates along. She looks thin. She doesn’t like the food at the dorm and it does not offer meals on the weekends.\nEvery weekend our caretakers take Jae Hwa grocery shopping and they cook her any meal that she wants. They tell her repeatedly that she could come back to the home but she does not. Her father will not allow it based on the testimony she once gave him.\nFor now, all we can offer her are some meals, prayers and an open door.", "summary": "The document recounts the experience of Jae Hwa, a North Korean refugee who entered the Crossing Borders group home at age 13 after her mother was repatriated to a North Korean camp; her father works in South Korea and kept contact via a smartphone she received. Over time, smartphones became a distraction, leading caretakers to restrict them, and Jae Hwa felt constrained by the home's strict rules, eventually leaving for a dormitory that proved equally restrictive. The caretakers are now easing restrictions, allowing more social activities but still banning phones, while continuing to support Jae Hwa with meals, prayers, and weekend visits."}
{"id": "11b01d449605f6dd5b12f3880f6b912e4279c3c05370dbace12c8b990c198d2e", "source": "Black Friday: The Friday immediately following Thanksgiving Day that is considered by retailers to mark the beginning of the holiday shopping season. – Merriam Webster Dictionary\nFor the younger set, “black Friday” is the day to fight off serious indigestion from overeating on Thanksgiving and wade into favorite stores armed with courage and credit\nFor older folks, “black Friday” means something far different. They learned in school that black Friday was the day the gold market collapsed during the presidency of U.S. Grant, ruining an untold numbers of investors.\nToday’s term is much more positive and aligns with the business definition of “black” versus “red,” as in ink on the ledger sheet.\nRetailers, in an ongoing effort to keep customers from shopping on the Internet, have promoted “black Friday” since the 1990s. They need to stay in the “black” to survive, and the “black Friday” event underscores how important the period between Thanksgiving and Christmas continues to be for storeowners. Some businesses may see more than half of their annual sales occur during that time frame.\nThis changing of word meanings is a natural part of our language but it also can be confusing if a word or phrase that describes something in a clear and concise way morphs into something different or even the opposite.\nConsider those color coded political maps that dominated the TV screens on election night.\nBlue states represented those voting Democratic, and red states were identified as Republican.\nThis is contrary to how political parties were color coded in an earlier time. For years, the color red represented the left of center on the political spectrum. That’s why socialists and those on the far left were labeled “red” or “pink.” There was “Red China,” for example, and the “better dead than red” saying of the Cold War era, when red represented communism not only of China, but the Soviet Union, as well. The Red Army of Russia was a term that lives on even today.\nIt all changed – at least the U.S political maps – in fall of 2000 when TV journalist Tim Russert used the terms “red states” for Republicans and “blue states” for Democrats during his coverage of the presidential election. He didn’t explain why, but the descriptions took root, in part because Russert commanded bi-partisan respect and the media was ready for standardization.\nBut back to “black Friday,” which we know and love today.\nIt has a positive connotation in spite of the outbreaks of shopper violence that occasionally occur at Wal-Mart and other stores.\nBe careful out there.\nNov. 23, 2016", "summary": "The document explains that \"Black Friday\" originally denotes the Friday after Thanksgiving, marking the start of the holiday shopping season, and derives its modern positive business meaning from retailers' use of \"black\" to indicate profit versus loss. It contrasts this with older, unrelated uses of the term, such as a 19th‑century gold market crash, and notes the term's evolution alongside other color‑coded language shifts, like political red/blue maps. The piece highlights Black Friday's commercial importance, its occasional shopper violence, and the fluidity of word meanings."}
{"id": "11f3d771f7f84b4a05a16a46e65350ddd490bcbcd6426e994d6b0fa52a7e9103", "source": "The American medical system has the latest technology, the greatest variety of new drugs and unparalleled resources. But anyone who thinks we’re getting something great for our dollars inevitably encounters a two-word rebuke: infant mortality.\nThe United States is the richest nation on Earth, but it comes in 29th in the world in survival rates among babies. This mediocre ranking is supposed to make an irrefutable case for health care reform. If we cared enough to insure everyone, we are told, we would soon rise to the health standards of other modern nations. It’s just a matter of getting over our weird resistance to a bigger government role in medical care.\nBut not every health issue is a health care issue. The reason boxers are unusually prone to concussions is not that they lack medical insurance. Doctors may treat head injuries, but it’s a lot easier to prevent them. Absent prevention, we shouldn’t blame the medical industry for punch-drunk fighters.\nLike life expectancy, infant mortality is a function of many factors. The more you look at the problem the less it seems to be correctable by a big new federal role in medical insurance — and, in fact, the less it seems to be mainly a medical issue at all.\nNo one denies the problem. Our infant mortality rate is double that of Japan or Sweden. But we live different lives, on average, than people in those places. We suffer more obesity (about 10 times as much as the Japanese), and we have more births to teenagers (seven times more than the Swedes). Nearly 40 percent of American babies are born to unwed mothers.\nFactors like these are linked to low birth weight in babies, which is a dangerous thing. In a 2007 study for the National Bureau of Economic Research, economists June O’Neill and Dave O’Neill noted that “a multitude of behaviors unrelated to the health care system such as substance abuse, smoking and obesity” are connected “to the low birth weight and preterm births that underlie the infant death syndrome.”\nAfrican-American babies are far more likely to die than white ones, which is often taken as evidence that poverty and lack of health insurance are to blame. That’s entirely plausible until you notice another racial/ethnic gap: Hispanics of Mexican or Central or South American ancestry not only do consistently better than blacks on infant mortality, they do better than ) whites. Social disadvantage doesn’t explain very much.\nNor does access to prenatal care, as the health care critique implies. It used to be assumed that if you assured that pregnant low-income women could see a physician, their infants would do much better. Not necessarily.\nWhen New York expanded access to prenatal care under Medicaid, the effort reduced the rate of low birth weight infants by just 1 percent. In Tennessee, after a similar effort, researchers found “no concomitant improvements in use of early prenatal care, birth weight or neonatal mortality.”\nSo why does our infant mortality rate exceed that of, say, Canada, where health care is free at the point of service? One reason is that we have a lot more tiny newborns. But underweight babies don’t fare worse here than in Canada — quite the contrary.\nThe NBER paper points out that among the smallest infants, survival rates are better on this side of the border. What that suggests is that if we lived under the Canadian health care system, we would not have a lower rate of infant mortality. We would have a higher one.\nA lot of things could be done to keep babies from dying in this country. But the health care “reform” being pushed in Washington is not one of them.\n• • •\nSteve Chapman blogs daily at newsblogs.chicagotribune.com/steve_chapman.", "summary": "The article argues that the United States' high infant mortality rate, despite its advanced medical technology, is driven more by social and behavioral factors—such as obesity, teenage and unwed motherhood, substance abuse, and low birth weight—than by deficiencies in medical care or insurance coverage. Studies cited show limited impact of expanded prenatal care on birth outcomes, and racial disparities suggest poverty alone does not explain the differences. The author concludes that health‑care reform alone will not reduce infant mortality, and other preventive measures are needed."}
{"id": "13b095cbd09ad446c8242503304f2defb289dd612d935612b22b1615596b0103", "source": "I stumbled across this page at Khan Academy:\nThe first equation shown to me was -2x=-12 (or something very similar). (The equation shown first seems to be random.)\nAt first, being in a stupor after final exams this week, I thought I should get the equation into y=mx+b form so maybe it should be y = 2x – 12. But the graph on the page doesn’t go to -12 so I quickly realized my error. Of course, if you solve for x, it is x = 6 which is a vertical line.\nOn the page, there is a video under the title “Stuck? Watch a video.” I started it and the first sentence was “…any linear equation can be written in the form y is equal to mx plus b”. Hmmm. No where in the video did it mention vertical lines.\nSo, if some student happened to get -2x=-12 and got stuck, and then watched the video hoping to find out how to graph it, they would have spent 11 minutes without their question being answered. I just found another Khan video about graphing lines…9 more minutes and no mention of vertical lines. I’ve watched (ok…fast forwarded through) a few videos at Khan and I still can’t find one that talks about vertical lines. I’m sure one must be there somewhere.\nHere are the hints you can get about the -2x=-12 line:\n- Notice that there is no y in this equation. Try solving for x and see what happens.\n- Divide both sides by −2:\n- This equation represents a line where all of the points have x=6.\n- Let’s pick some points where x=6. (6,−5), (6,3) and (6,5) are all good choices.\n- We can see that these points line up to form a vertical line that crosses the x-axis at (6,0).\nI can hear students now: Why is there no Y? What is the slope? I have questions!\nAlso, for some reason, none of the equations are in the form y=mx+b…they add the additional burden of solving for y before I can begin the task of graphing them. I was able to do them in my head, but now some students will have to break out a pencil and paper (or click on the hints) to get it in the correct form. This is supposed to be practice of graphing the equations, but it actually includes extra algebra which is just tedious and not directly necessary to the task at hand. If I was a teenage algebra student, I would probably be bored and aggravated.\nSo, while this section would be good for practice or assessment in some areas, it may not be the best for initial instruction.\nIt is little frustrations like this that can annoy students (and teachers) and shows just how difficult good teaching can be…especially trying to teach using video.", "summary": "The author critiques a Khan Academy page that presents equations like -2x = -12 without explaining vertical lines, noting that the video only mentions the y = mx + b form and omits discussion of lines lacking a y term. They argue that students must solve for x to see the line x = 6, which is vertical, and that the lack of direct instruction on such cases adds unnecessary algebraic steps, potentially frustrating learners."}
{"id": "140eaf9cd6b52bdd11081fa78957aedd1cd97e3336bce1a5a564f36c728a56c4", "source": "This live webinar is the second in the Narragunnawali RAP Action series designed to explore the 14 minimally required Reconciliation Action Plan (RAP) Actions for schools and early learning services. Focussed specifically on the ‘Teach About Reconciliation’ and ‘Curriculum Planning’ RAP Actions, it will look at how to talk and teach about, and take action towards, reconciliation in the classroom. It will also introduce participants to curriculum planning information, ideas and resources to support respectfully embedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures across all year levels and learning areas.\nYou might like to engage with this list of suggested Pre-/Post- Readings:\n*The State of Reconciliation in Australia summary report (2016) https://www.reconciliation.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/State-of-Reconciliation-Report_SUMMARY.pdf (See, in particular, the 'Race Relations' section)\n*2018 Australian Reconciliation Barometer summary report https://www.reconciliation.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ra_2019-barometer-brochure_web.single.page_.pdf (See, in particular, the 'Race Relations' section\n*Teach About Reconciliation Narragunnawali RAP Action https://www.narragunnawali.org.au/rap/actions/7/teach-about-reconciliation\n*Curriculum Planning Narragunnawali RAP Action https://www.narragunnawali.org.au/rap/actions/18/curriculum-planning\n*The Importance of Reconciliation in Education literature review (2019) ttps://csrm.cass.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/docs/2019/5/CSRM-WP-RECONCILIATION-1-2019.pdf", "summary": "The webinar is the second in the Narragunnawali RAP Action series, focusing on the ‘Teach About Reconciliation’ and ‘Curriculum Planning’ actions required for schools and early learning services. It will discuss how to teach and act on reconciliation in classrooms and provide curriculum planning ideas and resources for respectfully integrating Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures across all year levels and subjects. Suggested pre‑ and post‑readings include the 2016 State of Reconciliation summary, the 2018 Australian Reconciliation Barometer, and related Narragunnawali RAP action pages."}
{"id": "14a160d2fea49838b7356b5dd78380bed17cd94f239fcc167c6ff68628e3560c", "source": "Good day reader, L.S.,\nOnce a week I will post a comment on this blog, with a maximum of 400 words, about topics such as education, science, philosophy, literature, food or any other topic that I think would be of general interest.\nToday’s topic is about deceleration, slowing down. When Carlo Petrini started his slow food movement in 1986, it sparked a range of similar movements (see also: http://www.slowmovement.com ). Whatever might have attracted you to these ‘slow movements’ there are good biological reasons for slowing down. Only 30 to 40 years ago the average human was exposed to less data per second than today. The difference is that we are more exposed to auditory and textual input, often interlaced with loads of visual data. The complexity and data rate have increased exponentially. Yet during that time our brains have not evolved to keep up with the near constant data stream that keeps our neurons firing. Information overload can be a problem. Whether we are managers, teachers, politicians, journalists or students, we are supposed to (re)act sensibly, make wise decisions. So here is my suggestion, in addition to the existing slow movements why not start a slow decision movement? There should be a direct relation between the importance of a decision and its gestation time. The more people are affected, the more money is involved, the longer the process should be. It is a good idea to let major decisions rest for at least 24 hours. It will help you to slow down your life; it will help you to focus, to become more of a uni-tasker.", "summary": "The author proposes a \"slow decision\" movement, arguing that modern humans face exponentially higher data rates than in the past, leading to information overload and rushed judgments. Citing the 1986 origin of the Slow Food movement, they suggest that the importance and impact of a decision should dictate a longer deliberation period, recommending at least a 24‑hour pause for major choices to improve focus and promote uni‑tasking."}
{"id": "15f507c0afda50d3922b38fac33aadc4d0424331182aadbe8d8538e445175d97", "source": "By a narrow margin, Americans tend to believe it is acceptable for a white person to wear black face make up on Halloween, although there are stark divides among different political and racial groups\nCountry music singer and Dancing with the Stars participant Julianne Hough sparked controversy recently when she arrived at a Halloween party in Beverly Hills, California, wearing dark make up to portray an African American character from the Netflix TV series Orange is the New Black. Critics pointed to the divisive history of ‘blackface’, (the darkening of one’s skin to appear black) which was once used by white performers to play up racial stereotypes in performances known as ‘minstrel shows’.\n43% of Americans find it acceptable for a white person to use black face make up as part of a Halloween costume, and 37% find it unacceptable.\nHowever, while nearly half (46%) of white Americans find black face make up acceptable, only about a fifth (21%) of African Americans feel the same way. And while one in three whites find it unacceptable, about seven in 10 (68%) black people do.\nEven greater than the divide between whites and African Americans is the divide between Democrats and Republicans on the issue. Republicans find black face make up acceptable by a more than two-to-one margin (59%-27% unacceptable), while Democrats deem it unacceptable by an almost equal margin (30%-53%).\nAmericans are more evenly divided on the acceptability of dressing up as an ‘ethnic or racial stereotype’ for Halloween, which 40% find acceptable and 41% unacceptable, although the racial and political differences remain.\nA white person wearing a mask to portray a particular black individual is considerably more accepted – by blacks and whites – at least when it is the President who is being portrayed. Overall 72% of Americans, including 52% of African Americans find it acceptable for a white person to wear a Barack Obama mask on Halloween. Interestingly, opinion among Republicans and Democrats is actually closer in this case, with a majority of both groups (60% of Democrats and 82% of Republicans) finding the Barack Obama outfit acceptable.\nJulianne Hough, who has said her outfit was meant to ‘honor’ the character from the TV show in question, is not the only person to have stirred racially-charged, costume-related controversy this Halloween season. A white man in Florida was recently photographed wearing blackface to portray slain teen Trayvon Martin, and a university in Colorado made the news when it told students not to wear Halloween costumes that perpetuate racial or cultural stereotypes.\nFull poll results can be found here.", "summary": "A recent poll shows Americans are split on the acceptability of white people wearing blackface for Halloween, with 43% finding it acceptable and 37% not; acceptance is higher among white respondents (46%) than African Americans (21%) and among Republicans (59%) versus Democrats (30%). By contrast, 40% deem dressing as an ethnic or racial stereotype acceptable, and 72% consider a Barack Obama mask acceptable, with broader bipartisan support. The controversy was highlighted by Julianne Hough’s Halloween costume portraying an African‑American character, sparking criticism over the historical context of blackface."}
{"id": "19bfa6726a56e95e80d7e79513490444cf6ce97e26949b1560c2b68da774bd68", "source": "I have been going through old film pictures. I still believe one of the greatest technical advances for geology is the digital camera.\nWhen trying to coax a story out of rocks some geologists do more than simply look at the rocks and whack them with a hammer. Here Andrew Warnock cores some Crescent Basalt on the Olympic Peninsula. If I recall we gave Andrew a tough time as he was coring the rock.\nAfter cutting a rock core with the drill, Andrew marked the horizontal line and angle of the core and then took the core to the lab where he measured the paleomagnetic signature of the rock. As the lava cooled iron bearing minerals aligned slightly with the Earth's magnetic field leaving a magnetic signature in the rock. Andrew drilled dozens of cores and measured dozens of magnetic signatures in the Crescent Formation. Using that data he could unfold and realign the basalt to its original position contributing to our understanding of the Crescent Formation. What latitude was the lava when it first flowed on to the surface? How has it been moved since that time?", "summary": "The document describes geologist Andrew Warnock's work coring Crescent Basalt on the Olympic Peninsula, measuring the paleomagnetic signatures of the cores to determine the original orientation and latitude of the lava flow and its subsequent movement, highlighting the importance of digital photography in geological documentation."}
{"id": "19ca9d7004a4d3750f580777b3d455e5445197d2abda83288e393c6e61baaeaa", "source": "Tuesday, October 26, 2010\nHomeopathic treatment for Lyme disease\nLyme disease is an inflammatory disease that is often misdiagnosed and mistreated. Lyme disease was first discovered in Old Lyme CT from the bite of a deer tick. Most people that are diagnosed are in the Northeast, Midwest and Pacific coast, but people are diagnosed in all 50 states. Deer ticks are often so small, that the tick bite is not seen, thus the patient never knows that they were bitten. The tick carries bacteria (Borrelia burgdorferi) that infest the body’s system when a person is bit. The CDC reports that 20,000 cases are reported each year, but they also admit that more than 10 times that may exist that are not reported or misdiagnosed.\nLyme disease is expressed in stages. Stage 1, called primary Lyme disease. Some people will see a “bull’s eye” mark from the tick bite, but many people will not see anything or remember getting bitten by a tick. In the first stages, people may feel like they have a cold or the flu. Their symptoms may include chills, fever, headache, muscle aches and pains, and weakness. Stages 2 (secondary Lyme disease) and 3 (tertiary Lyme disease) follow. Those infected may or may not have gone through primary Lyme disease first. Symptoms of secondary and tertiary Lyme disease are an effect of the bacteria infecting the central nervous system, cardiac system, skin, muscles and bones. These symptoms may include blurry vision, sensitivity to light, brain fog, headache, sleep problems, mood swings, fainting, fatigue, dropping eyelids, heart palpitations, malaise, muscle twitching, chronic joint pain and stiffness and muscle pain. Severe cases can even include facial paralysis, hallucinations, loss of muscle function, numbness, nausea and vomiting and speech impairment.\nThe earlier that Lyme is diagnosed and treated, the less likely it is to go into the secondary and then tertiary stages. The later the stage, the harder it is to treat, turning into a persistent and chronic illness. Lyme disease is often misdiagnosed as fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiples sclerosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, syphilis and ALS. Sufferers often go from doctor to doctor, without diagnosis, some being told that there is nothing wrong with them, it is psychosomatic or “all in their head.” Patients are given medication after medication and can spend tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of dollars in medical care, some for the wrong disease.\nA blood test is used to test for the bacteria that cause this disease. Unfortunately up to 50% of people tested may initially test negative. Once diagnosed, antibiotics can be used for treatment. The type of antibiotic used, depends on stage of the disease and the symptoms. Antibiotics may need to be given through a vein for chronic infections. Other supplements, herbs, and alternative treatments maybe helpful for the treatment of these symptoms.\nOne form of alternative medicine, homeopathy can be of additional help. Homeopathy works by stimulating the body’s self healing mechanism. In the practice of homeopathy, we find the most specific medicine, or remedy, for each person. This is done by using both the common symptoms of Lyme, but most importantly the individualizing symptoms. The symptoms that make one persons disease different from everyone else’s is the most important focus. Once the correct remedy is found and given, the body’s ability to heal is triggered. Although homeopathy can work very quickly in many diseases, this unfortunately is not the case in Lyme disease. For the body to clear the infection and reverse symptoms, takes time and persistence. However, it is possible. With time, and continued homeopathic care, patients are able to take their lives back.\nIf you or someone you know has Lyme disease, Homeopathy may help. For more information on homeopathy and Naturopathic medicine, contact Dr. Natalie Ham: www.drnatalieham.com or call for a free 15 min consult at 480-456-0402.", "summary": "The document describes Lyme disease as an inflammatory illness transmitted by deer ticks carrying Borrelia burgdorferi, noting that many cases go unreported and that symptoms progress through primary, secondary, and tertiary stages affecting various body systems. It highlights diagnostic challenges, including frequent misdiagnosis and false-negative blood tests, and outlines conventional treatment with antibiotics, while suggesting that homeopathic remedies—selected based on individualizing symptoms—may support the body's self‑healing over time. The author provides contact information for Dr. Natalie Ham for further homeopathic consultation."}
{"id": "1a4261bd881647c40c21a18863666c118ca48ff53ffed32e60038e55f8d76927", "source": "On September 19, the Cary Institute hosted a one-day conference on the impacts of tropical storms Irene and Lee on the Hudson River. Organized by the Hudson River Environmental Society, with leadership from Cary's Stuart Findlay, the forum examined how the river and estuary responded to the storms, which dropped an estimated 12-18 inches of rainfall throughout the Hudson Valley and Catskill regions. Topics included dredging, sediment transport, water quality, impacts to fish, and future management practices.\nIn late October, Gary Lovett will present his assessment of the health of the Catskill Forest at the second Catskill Environmental Research & Monitoring Conference (CERM). The forum brings together research on the region, to better understand the effects of extreme weather, air pollution, invasive species, biodiversity loss, and habitat fragmentation. The Catskills provide the majority of New York City's drinking water supply; CERM forums help coordinate research and identify research agendas to protect these resources.\nIn November, Cary Institute will hold a two-day conference examining the effects of climate change on plant, animal, and microbial species. The invitation-only event is being organized by Richard Ostfeld, Shannon LaDeau, and Amy Angert (University of British Columbia). With more than 50 invited experts, the conference's goal is to identify tools that will help lessen the negative effects of climate change on biodiversity, disease risk, extinction, and ecosystem function.", "summary": "The Cary Institute hosted a September 19 conference on the Hudson River’s response to tropical storms Irene and Lee, discussing rainfall impacts, dredging, sediment transport, water quality, fish effects, and future management; in late October, Gary Lovett will present a Catskill Forest health assessment at the second Catskill Environmental Research & Monitoring Conference, which addresses extreme weather, pollution, invasive species, biodiversity loss, and habitat fragmentation affecting New York City’s water supply; and in November, the Institute will hold an invitation-only two‑day conference organized by Richard Ostfeld, Shannon LaDeau, and Amy Angert to identify tools for mitigating climate‑change impacts on biodiversity, disease risk, extinction, and ecosystem function."}
{"id": "1afea8f6a746314cc1159b08ad94d925cb155e9a56416320a4f715f2abcb634a", "source": "Britten created a dialogue between the Requiem text and the poems, and between the Requiem genre and other works—in particular the medieval planctus and Bach’s Matthäuspassion.\nDuring the Middle Ages, texts in Latin and the vernacular were interpolated into liturgies as commentary, sometimes adding an emotional response to the ritual. The War Requiem expresses a similar theological dialogue between traditional and nontraditional imagery in the postmodern age. Britten presents the voice of Owen’s soldier as the voice of Christ, expressing the pity of war.\nThis according to Benjamin Britten’s War Requiem: Parody and the transmutation of myth, Thomas Francis Rooney’s 1997 dissertation for Boston University.\nToday is the 50th anniversary of War Requiem’s premiere. The work was commissioned for the reconsecration of Coventry Cathedral, which had been destroyed in the Coventry Blitz on 14 November 1940. Above, the ruins of the original 14th-century structure; below, the same space as it looks today, serving as a courtyard adjacent to the new building.\nBONUS: In the first section of the work’s Dies irae Britten contrasts the glorious trumpets of heaven in the Latin text with the bloody bugles of men in Owen’s Bugles sang; Mstislav Rostropovich conducts the London Symphony Orchestra and Chorus with the bass-baritone Bryn Terfel.", "summary": "Benjamin Britten’s War Requiem intertwines the traditional Requiem text with Wilfred Owen’s war poetry, creating a dialogue between liturgical tradition and modern commentary, and referencing medieval planctus and Bach’s Matthäuspassion. The work, commissioned for the reconsecration of Coventry Cathedral after its WWII destruction, juxtaposes the voice of Owen’s soldier with Christ’s suffering, highlighting war’s pity. Notably, the Dies irae contrasts heavenly trumpets with the “bloody bugles” of soldiers, a performance once conducted by Mstislav Rostropovich with the London Symphony Orchestra and bass-baritone Bryn Terfel."}
{"id": "1bfc0ce1acb9f7545aafb370a4980acb66d44925aa0cc5d37bfb81a8cb2bd996", "source": "Adapted from “The Lasting Influence of Emotions,” first published in the Negotiation newsletter, April 2010.\nPsychologists have long known that an emotion triggered in one realm—anger over an argument at home, for example—can affect how we behave in a subsequent situation, including a negotiation. Such incidental, or unrelated, emotions might influence how fully we trust someone or how much we’re willing to pay for a product.\nIncidental emotions can even continue to affect our decisions when we’re in a more neutral state, according to new research by professors Eduardo B. Andrade of the University of California at Berkeley and Dan Ariely of Duke University. In their experiment, college students who were induced to feel angry (by watching a film clip) were more likely to reject an unfair allocation of money from a partner than were students who were induced to feel happy. More interestingly, even after their anger had subsided, the students who had been induced to feel angry displayed a consistent preference for fairness when presented with the chance to decide how much money to give to a different partner. It seems the desire to behave consistently over time could cause us to be influenced by emotions we no longer feel.\nThis research provides early evidence that even a mild emotional encounter prior to or during a negotiation could influence your bargaining behavior far into the future. To lessen this effect, it may help to take stock of such feelings as they arise and consider their source.", "summary": "Research by Eduardo B. Andrade and Dan Ariely shows that incidental emotions, such as anger induced by a film clip, can affect negotiation behavior long after the feeling subsides; angry participants were more likely to reject unfair offers and later displayed a stronger preference for fairness when allocating money to others, suggesting a desire for consistency influences decisions. The findings imply that even mild emotional experiences before or during bargaining can shape future decisions, and awareness of these emotions may help mitigate their impact."}
{"id": "1c6de5beea9abaaced217a31a56d10d714290c9e05beb7f28fe0601cdea09d58", "source": "Water (Chinese: 水; ||pinyin]]: shuǐ), is the low point of the matter, or the matter's dying or hiding stage. Water is the fifth stage of Wu Xing.\nWater is the most yin in character of the Five elements. Its motion is downward and inward and its energy is stillness and conserving. It is associated with the Winter, the North, the planet Mercury, the color black, cold weather, night, and the Black Tortoise (Xuan Wu) in Four Symbols.\nIt is also associated with the moon, which was believed to cause the dew to fall at night.\nIn Chinese Taoist thought, water is representative of intelligence and wisdom, flexibility, softness and pliancy; however, an over-abundance of the element is said to cause difficulty in choosing something and sticking to it. In the same way, Water can be fluid and weak, but can also wield great power when it floods and overwhelms the land. Water governs the Kidney and Urinary bladder and is associated with the ears and bones. The negative emotion associated with water is fear/anxiety, while the positive emotion is calmness.\nBlack, Grey and Blue colours also represent Water.", "summary": "In Chinese thought, water (shuǐ) is the fifth, most yin stage of the Wu Xing, linked to downward, inward motion, stillness, and conservation; it corresponds to winter, the north, Mercury, black, cold, night, the Black Tortoise, and the moon, which was thought to cause night dew. Taoist philosophy associates water with intelligence, wisdom, flexibility, softness, and the potential for overwhelming power, governing the kidneys, urinary bladder, ears, and bones. Its negative emotion is fear or anxiety, its positive emotion calmness, and it is represented by black, grey, and blue colors."}
{"id": "1db28f02745e4f7072d746e250b5bfa12330fb0989b3da5dcff384654606136f", "source": "US researchers think they have found promising new molecular targets and treatment approaches for malignant brain tumours, suggesting a new therapy for anti-cancer drugs.\nThe research involved glioblastoma multiforme, the most common form of brain tumour and the least curable of all human cancers.\nThe first study identified a protein that seems to control the malignant features of brain tumour cells, suggesting a new treatment target for anti-cancer drugs. Researchers found that a little-known protein called Fra-1 was effective in controlling vascular endothelial growth factor D, a factor that promotes the growth of new blood vessels in most malignant brain tumours.\n\"This protein seems to be important in how tumours grow and how they may spread to healthy tissue,\" said Waldemar Debinski, director of the Brain Tumour Centre of Excellence at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Centre. \"It is a very powerful biological factor and may be an attractive target for anti-cancer therapy,\" he added.\nThe second study builds in earlier research by Debinski and colleagues that found that glioblastoma cells have a particular type of receptor for interleukin 13 (IL-13), a naturally occurring protein that regulates the immune system in the body. Normal cells do not have these same receptors. IL-13 is a very attractive target for molecular anti-brain tumour therapies and two clinical trials are currently ongoing.\nThe new study examined the role of proteins called cytokines in augmenting the amount of IL-13 receptor expressed by tumour cells. The use of these cytokines may improve treatment of glioblastoma cells by increasing the levels of IL-13 receptor in brain tumours and thus making them more accessible to drugs targeting the receptor.\nThe third research study focused on the search for novel specific molecular markers or targets in brain tumours. EphA2, a cell membrane-anchored protein-receptor, was shown to be uniformly over expressed in malignant brain tumours, but not in normal brain tissue.\n\"EphA2 represents a novel target for the development of molecular therapeutics for the imaging and treatment of patients with glioblastoma,\" said Debinski.", "summary": "US researchers reported three studies on glioblastoma multiforme, identifying potential molecular targets for therapy. The first found that the protein Fra-1 regulates VEGF‑D, a factor promoting tumor blood vessel growth, suggesting Fra‑1 as a drug target. The second showed that cytokines can increase expression of the interleukin‑13 receptor on tumor cells, potentially enhancing the efficacy of IL‑13‑targeted treatments already in clinical trials. The third identified the membrane protein EphA2 as uniformly over‑expressed in malignant brain tumors but absent in normal brain, proposing it as a novel therapeutic and imaging target."}
{"id": "1dc7fa463df602b65aeed43118206a071ebe6956736082b6fff03e9e59ea4ead", "source": "One in eight high school students is depressed. But depression in teenagers can be deceptive, and authorities estimate that a huge number of depressed teens are undiagnosed. Adults may mistake symptoms as \"typical\" teen angst, anger, or anxiety. Or the teen may mask the symptoms with high-energy activity.\nFor parents who suspect their teen is depressed, the system often fails the family. Insurance coverage for treatment ends too soon, there's a months-long wait to see an adolescent therapist, or long-term follow-up is insufficient.\nThis means parents must take charge of their child's health to reinforce, extend, and monitor treatment and its aftermath. The good news is they can do it—because parents know their child best.\nAlthough a medical doctor, Dr. Berlinger initially missed the signs of his own son's depression. By combining his parental love with his scientific skills, he developed a set of techniques to lead his son out of depression. Now he shares his 10 Parental Partnering Strategies to help parents rescue their teen from depression—based on his own experiences, nearly 100 interviews with parents of depressed teens, and interviews with mental health professionals.\nIncreasingly, doctors are asking parents to partner with them to help children get healthy and stay healthy. Partnering has been proven effective in the treatment of other serious emotional illnesses such as anorexia nervosa.\nParents can use Dr. Berlinger's strategies to help distinguish depression from moodiness; be alert to suicide risk; monitor medication effectiveness; help the teen combat negative thinking; organize activities to offset depression; and spot signs of relapse during tense times in their child's life, including exams, relationship breakups, or starting college or a job.\nBoth a family survival story and a practical guide, this book affirms parents' unique power to help teens overcome depression.", "summary": "The document reports that about one in eight high school students is depressed, but many cases go undiagnosed because symptoms are often mistaken for typical teen behavior. It describes systemic barriers such as limited insurance coverage and long therapist wait times, urging parents to take an active role in their child's treatment. Drawing on Dr. Berlinger's personal experience, interviews with nearly 100 parents, and mental‑health professionals, the text outlines his \"10 Parental Partnering Strategies\" for recognizing depression, monitoring medication, reducing negative thoughts, organizing supportive activities, and detecting relapse during stressful periods, positioning parents as essential partners in teen mental‑health care."}
{"id": "1de2da710101ed324fe72f87a4efb9744e9c326a39c985aa6c761c67cd102636", "source": "Anderson Cooper 360: Cell Phones and the Dangers of Cancer\nPosted on November 22 2014\nAnderson Cooper is joined by Dr. Sanja Gupta. Anderson opens with this question: “If they’re so safe, why do manufacturers recommend holding them more than a half-inch away from your head while you’re talking?”\nRecently the National Institute of Health released a study that using a cell phone changes the chemistry inside of your brain. The usage of cell phones has increased to several hours a day which is not how cell phones were intended to be used. Although the FCC does not recommend any precautionary measures, the cell phone manufacturers say to keep the cell phones 5/8\" away from your body. Dr. Sanja Gupta suggests using ear phones instead of putting your cell phone next to your head. Non-ionizing radiation, found in cell phone usage, is similar to a low power microwave oven. Cell phones can heat up and may cause tissue damage where the phone is held. Scientists do know that cell phones have an impact on the brain; it changes the brain metabolism in the area where the cell phone is held. It is hard to predict the long term effect this may have on the brain. Can it lead to cancer? That's what scientists are trying to figure out.\nLawyer, Johnnie Cochran, best know for his role in the acquittal of O. J. Simpson, was diagnosed with a brain tumor in 2003 and died in 2005. Neurosurgeon, Keith Black, treated Mr. Cochran and is convinced his brain tumor was caused by cell phone usage.\nWorld Health Organization, (WHO), released a new finding that cell phones can possibly be carcinogenic to humans. They compare the cell phone carcinogens to lead, chloroform, and engine exhaust. They recommend using preventative measures, such as a speaker phone, ear phone devices, and Bluetooth. WHO says to keep phones away from your body.", "summary": "In a 2014 Anderson Cooper 360 segment, Dr. Sanja Gupta discussed concerns that cell‑phone use may alter brain chemistry and metabolism, noting that manufacturers advise keeping phones at least half an inch from the head and that the FCC offers no precautionary guidance. The segment cited a National Institutes of Health study, WHO’s classification of cell‑phone radiation as possibly carcinogenic, and anecdotal cases such as Johnnie Cochran’s brain tumor, with experts recommending earphones, speakerphone, or Bluetooth to reduce exposure."}
{"id": "1e8c31ef4b42557a62eae4c9aefcde0817799dbc6f08f62e754c80a00a20ae48", "source": "Drug overdoses have driven the first significant reduction in US life expectancy since the AIDS epidemic in the 1990s, an official report published Wednesday showed.\nAmericans have lost almost four months of longevity since 2014, the report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said.\n“This is the first big drop since 1993, and the main driver behind that was the HIV epidemic,” Renee Gindi, a health statistician for the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics told AFP.\nAn American born in 2017 can expect to live an average of 78.6 years, compared to 78.9 years in 2014, according to the report which confirms previously published preliminary data.\nUp until the 1960s, life expectancy was under 70 years.\nThe recent decline illustrates the devastating impact of the opioid crisis, especially synthetic opioids like fentanyl, which can be deadly even in minute quantities of a few milligrams.\nOpioid overdoses killed 32,000 people last year, according to provisional figures.\nThe United States ranks 28th among OECD countries in life expectancy. Japan is highest at 84.2 years.\nApart from overdoses, suicides and the rising death toll caused by Alzheimer’s disease were also responsible for the erosion of life expectancy, which was much more marked in men than in women.\nGindi compared the period to 1992-93, the height of the HIV epidemic.\nSource: Read Full Article", "summary": "A CDC report shows that U.S. life expectancy fell from 78.9 years in 2014 to 78.6 years for those born in 2017, marking the first major decline since the early 1990s HIV epidemic. The drop, amounting to about four months of lost longevity, is driven primarily by the opioid crisis—especially synthetic opioids like fentanyl—which caused roughly 32,000 overdose deaths last year, alongside rising deaths from suicide and Alzheimer’s disease, with a larger impact on men."}
{"id": "1ea336e4834247dac23f9b305366cbc6a0b1306624cffa8fe03b497dd66b8c27", "source": "Earlier this week, a new study featuring NestWatch data was published in the prestigious journal, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\nGlobal temperatures have risen about one degree Celsius over the past century, which has resulted in some species nesting earlier or in different places in order to adapt. These shifts can have meaningful impacts on avian nesting success, but until now, no one has investigated these impacts at large spatial scales across a diversity of species.\nRecently, researchers at the University of Connecticut accessed data from 47,023 monitored nests from 110 North American species, thanks to NestWatchers. They found that temperature anomalies were correlated with nesting success at the fringes of the breeding range.\n“In the colder parts of the breeding ranges, abnormally warm summers increase survival, but in warm southern parts of ranges, abnormally warm summers decrease survival,” says Morgan Tingley, one of the study authors. Temperature does matter to nestling survival, and this pattern demonstrates the consequences of staying put in a warming world.\nThe two-part study also used long-term data from California to demonstrate that birds are now breeding 5–12 days earlier than they did a century ago, which potentially explains why some bird populations have not moved their breeding range despite rising temperatures. Read the full press release here.\nFrom now until the end of the year, you can get NestWatch posters at a deep discount. Each poster is hand-illustrated by a Cornell Lab of Ornithology artist, which means you’re getting scientific accuracy as well as beauty.\n“The Eggs of North America poster is gorgeous. My two-year-old son adores eggs and loves to point out all the colors and shapes on this lovely, educational display. Thank you for teaching the beauty of the natural world to our budding naturalist.” –Becca Rodomsky-Bish, science communicator and mom\nFor donations starting at $10, grab some for the science teachers, bird-lovers, and whiz kids in your life.\nPlease note that because of international shipping costs, we can offer these prices for U.S. mailing addresses only.\nWhat do bluebirds and fall foliage have in common? It turns out, quite a lot! Our guest student blogger, Raisa Kochmaruk, uses her artist’s eye to spot surprising similarities in nature that might otherwise go unnoticed. Read our new blog post about what these two things have in common (we guarantee you’ll learn something and be inspired).\nOur hearts are so full of gratitude right now! November has already brought us 616 new nest records for bulk uploading. Data from Lee Pauser in California (2017) and older data from Lucy Oldfield in Michigan (2013) are joining our database soon! If you’ve got bulk data to share—any year, any species—we’d love to hear from you.\nHave a happy and safe Thanksgiving holiday, and know that we are so grateful for each and every participant who donates their time and effort to NestWatch.", "summary": "A new study using NestWatch data, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, analyzed 47,023 nests from 110 North American bird species and found that temperature anomalies affect nesting success differently across a species' range: unusually warm summers improve survival in colder, northern parts but reduce it in warmer, southern areas. The research also showed that birds in California now breed 5–12 days earlier than a century ago, suggesting phenological shifts may limit range movements in response to warming."}
{"id": "1f3810144af2b9a3094a7551e4d3ac265e80efeec8300ba5fe3ae56e1f73f3c8", "source": "Trash-Free Waters Program builds partnerships to curb marine waste\nIt is one thing to try to educate restaurants, shops and consumers about why litter is a bad idea for the environment. But, it is a giant leap forward to show them the data -- documentation of the types of trash that end up in canals, rivers, and Tampa Bay.\nThe Environmental Protection Agency designed the Trash-Free Waters Program to do just that. Cities and counties participating receive a grant to set out trash traps that collect litter from waterways, which is then documented in a detailed database to determine what is getting tossed and what materials are involved.\nThe next important step is to establish partnerships with those in the community whose businesses or neighborhoods contribute to the mess and get them to agree to be part of the solution, says Joe Whalen, who heads the program for the Tampa Bay Estuary Program (TBEP).\nAccording to the EPA, the number one way to prevent trash pollution is to reduce the amount of trash created in the first place.\nTBEP received a $500,000 grant from the EPA in late 2020 and is working with its partners -- Keep Pinellas Beautiful, Keep Tampa Bay Beautiful, Keep Manatee Beautiful, and the Osprey Initiative -- to deploy Litter Gitters and other trash traps to assist in this data collection. The devices float on top of the water and collect surface litter as it flows past.\n“The thing that separates this effort is the Escaped Trash Assessment Protocol, the EPA tool to collect and track amounts of trash to create a litter profile that looks at the condition of trash, type of trash being collected and the brand of trash or how long it has been sitting in the watershed,” Whalen says. “It helps create a more comprehensive profile of the litter in the region.”", "summary": "The EPA's Trash-Free Waters Program, funded by a $500,000 grant to the Tampa Bay Estuary Program, installs floating litter traps called Litter Gitters in waterways to collect and document trash types, brands, and condition, using the Escaped Trash Assessment Protocol. Program head Joe Whalen emphasizes partnering with local groups such as Keep Pinellas Beautiful and the Osprey Initiative to engage businesses and neighborhoods, aiming to reduce waste at its source and create a detailed regional litter profile."}
{"id": "20fb21c323e11e67769c15e1c1f8cbd7a2ba20623ba4d04d2eaa4b0c224f04ec", "source": "Angel playing the piano\nA statue of an Angel playing the piano.\nComes in Patina and White color at 9 cm (3.54 inches) height – 300 g (0.66 lbs) weight.\nAn angel is generally a supernatural being found in various religions and mythologies. Abrahamic religions often depict angels as benevolent celestial beings who act as intermediaries between God (or Heaven) and humanity. Other roles of angels include protecting and guiding human beings, and carrying out tasks on behalf of God. Abrahamic religions often organize angels into hierarchies, although such rankings may vary between sects in each religion. Such angels may receive specific names (such as Gabriel or Michael) or titles (such as seraph or archangel). Read more…\nFinally, see also other Religious statues at this category.\nThere are no reviews yet.", "summary": "The item is a 9 cm tall (3.54 in) statue of an angel playing the piano, available in patina or white, weighing 300 g (0.66 lb). The description notes that angels are supernatural beings in various religions, especially in Abrahamic faiths where they are seen as benevolent intermediaries, protectors, and task‑carriers for God, often organized into hierarchies with specific names or titles. The listing references related religious statues and indicates no reviews are present."}
{"id": "2159a4de44c4d7a26e82e31227befd0d693fa96f5c42dfd72576e89555ab5145", "source": "and solids exit the home through toilets and drains\nand end up in the septic tank. The function of the\nseptic tank is to separate solid material from the\nwastewater. The solids are broken down by naturally\noccurring bacteria that inhabit the tank.\nSeptic tanks may contain one or two chambers. Scum is the\nmaterial, which floats on the top of the water in\nthe tank where aerobic (air breathing) bacteria\ndigest it. Sludge is undigested solid matter, which\nsettles to the bottom of the tank. Here anaerobic\n(without air) bacteria digest some of the matter,\nthe undigested part must be removed periodically\nby a licensed septic system pumping service every\n2 - 5 years depending on use.\nA septic tank that is not pumped on a regular basis\ncan send undigested solids and organic matter to\nthe drain field. This material will eventually clog\nthe soil in the drain field and cause flooding\nand total failure of the system. When\nsoil floods natural bacteria colonies will die off\nand no longer keep the system in balance. To restore beneficial bacteria and help keep the drainfield working properly try our industrial-grade bacteria treatment Mega Bio.\nproblems: have your tank pumped regularly by\na licensed septic service company.", "summary": "The document explains that household waste enters a septic tank where solid material separates from wastewater; aerobic bacteria break down floating scum while anaerobic bacteria digest settled sludge. Periodic pumping by a licensed service every 2–5 years is required to remove undigested solids, preventing clogging of the drain field, flooding, and system failure. It also suggests using an industrial‑grade bacteria treatment, Mega Bio, to restore beneficial bacteria and maintain drain field function."}
{"id": "22232e7451d158b6f53aa478b49a9f1b1c23f82a613a67e9044830cf09883f8d", "source": "There are numerous sites to learn Spanish for kids online. If you are serious about your kids learning another language, the information is right at your fingertips!\nWhy Learn Spanish?\nFor starters, Spanish is considered the fourth most commonly spoken language in the world. It is also considered the official language of countries on four continents. One of the most compelling reasons for learning Spanish is that schools all over the U.S. are experiencing an influx of Spanish-speaking students. Not only are more teachers becoming ESL and ELL-certified, but kids are finding that they need to learn Spanish in order to communicate with other students in their classroom. While these are obvious reasons to learn Spanish for kids online, there are other reasons as well.\n- Understand English origins - Kids often aren't aware that many words in the English language actually have Latin origins. By studying Spanish, kids often see a connection between the two languages, and can expand their vocabulary skills.\n- Cultural connections - Learning another language will allow your kids to communicate with others of a different culture. Not only will your children learn a new language, but they will also be able to learn about the Spanish culture and customs once the communication barriers are dissolved.\n- Learn other languages - Once someone has learned a new language, he or she may often find that it is easier to learn subsequent languages, such as French or Latin.\n- Vacations - You may find that your child is eager to show off his new language skills when you take vacations to other parts of the world that speak Spanish. He will be extremely proud if he can interpret conversations for you!\nNew Language Bonuses\nWhen you find ways to learn Spanish for kids online, you are opening up the world for your children. Spanish is considered one of the simplest foreign languages to master, particularly if your native language is English. Many people believe that Spanish is a much easier language to understand than English.Learning Spanish isn't just a good goal for your kids now, however. Giving your kids the gift of learning another language will open up their employment opportunities as they mature, especially if they continue to use and improve on those language skills. Best of all, your kids will love learning a language that others around them may not be fluent in.\nWhen Should Kids Learn?\nWhen should you begin encouraging your kids to learn to speak Spanish? Many experts believe that the earlier you introduce a language, the more fluent your child will become. The elementary years provide an excellent opportunity for your kids to begin learning Spanish, but for them to truly succeed, you'll need to involve yourself in the project as well.\nWhere to Learn Spanish for Kids Online\nLearning a language online is often easier for kids simply because it is a change from the traditional school environment. As with any program, however, you'll need to guide, supervise, and motivate your kids throughout the entire process. Don't expect them to tackle this on their own, especially in the beginning. The benefits of learning online include the following:\n- Learn at their own pace.\n- Take advantage of innovative methods.\n- Programs often use images and sounds.\n- Fun games are often included.\n- Programs may be specifically designed for kids.\nThe following sites will help your kids get started learning Spanish. You may find that some sites offer a few free lessons for you to check out. This is a great way to determine if a site is right for you and your child.\nIf you've discovered a great site that our readers might enjoy, please let us know in the comments section of this article.", "summary": "The article promotes online Spanish learning for children, noting Spanish as the fourth most spoken language and official on four continents, and highlighting its relevance in U.S. schools with growing Spanish‑speaking populations. It lists benefits such as understanding English's Latin roots, cultural connections, easier acquisition of additional languages, and travel confidence, and claims Spanish is relatively simple for English speakers. Experts suggest early elementary exposure yields greater fluency, and online programs offer self‑paced, multimedia, game‑based instruction, though parental guidance is advised."}
{"id": "232677ef87d1887a82317fd85cca440ebb5baa8a4460a2c39b0f25341c129961", "source": "butterfly weed, butterfly milkweed\nA summer blooming native perennial with brightly-colored orange flowers that attract insects. It is a host plant for the Monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus.\nsunny location with dry to medium well-drained soil\nmonarch migration News\n✿ updates, first-hand accounts, and much more!!\nThe Ohio State University Herbarium:\nAshtabula County, 2 July 1980, collector:  Barbara K. Andreas  voucher specimen\n✿ view additional voucher specimens and related information\nNewcomb's: Key Group no. 532, p. 188\nHistorical description: \"It ... stains the pastures with a brilliant orange-color, which, I should think, would set the colorist of the impressionist school quite wild.\" Naturalist F. Schuyler Mathews' description of butterfly weed, Asclepias tuberosa, in his book Familiar Flowers of Field and Garden, 1894.\nvirtual herbarium sheet 000013 created by Lisa K. SchlaG, 5.vii.2014", "summary": "Butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa), a summer‑blooming native perennial with bright orange flowers, thrives in sunny, dry to medium‑well‑drained soils and serves as a host plant for the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). Historical records note its vivid coloration, and herbarium specimens, such as a July 2, 1980 collection in Ashtabula County by Barbara K. Andreas, are documented in the Ohio State University Herbarium and referenced in Newcomb's Key Group no. 532. Recent updates include migration news and first‑hand accounts."}
{"id": "240a8c820c7cc623a6b449ee228eb9012c9291eb8defa3fa5b2931594420fb6e", "source": "Do not take your depression lightly. There are some serious side effects associated with it, as well. There are many resources and tons of information when it comes to dealing with depression. There are several methods you can use to treat depression ranging from prescription medication, therapists, and natural remedies. The article that follows will give you helpful tips so you can effectively deal with depression.\nOne of the best tips to handle depression is by getting a new hobby. When people are not busy and spend too much time dwelling on certain negative thoughts, they often feel more depressed than those who engage in different activities. You need to stay active when fighting depression, so think about taking up new hobbies. Play some basketball, start walking the dog – anything that keeps you busy and active. Whatever you decide, a key way to treat depression is to develop new interests.\nWith depression there are many causes. Try to find the root cause of your depression. You are the only person who can truly understand your depression, and find out what is causing it so you can manage your condition.\nIt may be a cliche, but fresh flowers can help lift you up mentally. The smells and colors of flowers have evolved to please many species, including humans. Remember this, and attempt to set out or view fresh flowers every day.\nIt is important to get adequate exercise on a daily basis. Over-exercising can worsen depression, though, so go by the recommendation of your doctor. Exercise will release chemicals in your brain that will make you happier. Additionally, serotonin is released, which in turn leads to more oxygen.\nBeing out of work can be one of the causes of depression. If you are unemployed, taking care of a household can seem like an impossible challenge. Not being able to pay the bills makes you feel even worse.\nA common reaction to depression is to withdraw from your life, your family, and your friends. However, this is the polar opposite approach to take if you have depression. It is best to continue to socialize and engage in the activities you normally enjoy while working your way out of your depressive mood.\nManaging depression in your life can take a great deal of effort. Reflect on what you have and not what you don’t. When you’re depressed, doing this can help you see what all is positive in your life. You can truly flip your attitude around over time.\nDo not use the words “depression” or “depressed” in your vocabulary. The words are loaded with extra baggage to their meanings, so they can actually make you feel more hopeless. When you are upset, say “feeling down” instead. It’s much more positive to think about improving your mood than to think about fighting “depression”, even though you are doing the same thing.\nSome of the advice contained in this article, however, may provide you with some of the relief that you seek. Try sticking with the things that work for you. Better days are possible!\nMore articles about college health services:", "summary": "The article offers self‑help suggestions for coping with depression, emphasizing active engagement such as adopting new hobbies, regular exercise (within doctor‑recommended limits), and maintaining social connections rather than withdrawing. It advises identifying personal causes, focusing on positive aspects of life, and using uplifting stimuli like fresh flowers. The piece also recommends avoiding the words “depression” or “depressed” in favor of milder language, and suggests trying various strategies to find what provides relief."}
{"id": "2464647548d536edcab638a8d5b0b50eb29a200a0c0070479737144cf91a4b82", "source": "You know that all birds have feathers, beaks, and lay eggs. Now learn about their differences. This program will focus on the forms and functions of feathers, beaks, and eggs of different birds. Students will have the chance to meet one of our feathered friends up close.\nTwo of the most important things in an animal's life are to eat and to avoid being eaten. Discover the survival strategies of different animals. How they eat, how they avoid being eaten, and how they have adapted to their habitats. Includes live animal demonstration.\nWith so many different animals in the world, how do we tell them apart, and how are they all related? Discover the characteristics of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Children will be \"tested\" by classifying the live animal guests.", "summary": "The document outlines an educational program that teaches students about avian anatomy—specifically the forms and functions of feathers, beaks, and eggs—and provides opportunities to interact with live birds. It also covers animal survival strategies, including feeding behaviors, predator avoidance, and habitat adaptations, featuring live animal demonstrations. Additionally, the program introduces taxonomy by exploring distinguishing characteristics of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, with activities that involve classifying live animal guests."}
{"id": "257b32adc914022875fdb942d4c97cbc899b78eb68b8e98ba5ce8762f0ef08eb", "source": "What is JDBC?\n- JDBC stands for Java DataBase Connectivity.\n- JDBC provides a database-neutral set of classes and interfaces that can be used by your Java class.\n- The database-specific code is included in a driver library that is developed by the database vendor.\n- You can use the same JDBC API to talk to many different databases.\n- You will find the JDBC API in the java.sql.* packages and files and the javax.sql.* packages and files, which all is part of the standard Java.\nHere is a high-level diagram for the JDBC connection to a database.\n- In short, a client application connects to a Database using JDBC API (Application Programming Interface) and uses the database vendor specific driver and protocol to access the database.\nConnecting to a Database using the JDBC API.\nTo retrieve a resource reference to create a JDBC connection can be done in two ways:\nRegister and load a database vendor specific JDBC driver and then fetch a DriverManager resource reference OR\n- Retrieving a DataSource reference that is registered as a connection pool (web server resources registered with the database vendor specific JDBC driver, username, password, DB-location etc.).\n- Register and load a database vendor specific JDBC driver and then fetch a DriverManager resource reference OR\n- Use the resource reference to create a JDBC Connection to the SQL database.\n- With the JDBC connection create a type of Statement object. Use this Statement object to transfer a SQL (Structured Query Language) statement to the database.\n- Retrieve the returning result, which will depend on the SQL statement that was send to the database. The result can be either a status for any SQL update, SQL delete or SQL insert or a ResultSet with database table data for a SQL select.\n© 2010 by Finnesand Data. All rights reserved.\nThis site aims to provide FREE programming training and technics.\nFinnesand Data as site owner gives no warranty for the\ncorrectness in the pages or source codes.\nThe risk of using this web-site pages or any program\ncodes from this website is entirely at the individual user.", "summary": "JDBC (Java DataBase Connectivity) is a Java API that provides a database‑neutral set of classes and interfaces for accessing SQL databases, with vendor‑specific drivers handling the actual communication. The API resides in the java.sql and javax.sql packages. Applications can obtain a connection either by loading a driver and using DriverManager or by retrieving a DataSource from a connection pool, then create Statement objects to execute SQL commands and receive results such as update counts or ResultSets."}
{"id": "26d3ac5c9057ac5010083549072ae56dc458e058e7edf33da05fb186ca3ff590", "source": "The Dock (Figure 58) offers easy access to often-used applications and documents, as well as minimized windows.\nThe Dock can be customized; Chapter 4 explains how.\nTo identify items in the Dock\nPoint to the item. The name of the item appears above the Dock (Figure 59).\nTo identify items in the Dock that are running\nFigure 58 The Dock displays often-used applications and documents.\nFigure 59 Point to an icon to see what it represents.\nFigure 60 An item's icon bounces while it is being opened.\nTo open an item in the Dock\nClick the icon for the item you want to open. One of four things happens:\nIf the icon is for an application that is running, the application becomes the active application.\nIf the icon is for an application that is not running, the application launches. While the application launches, the icon in the Dock bounces (Figure 60) so you know something is happening.\nIf the icon is for a minimized window, the window is displayed.\nIf the icon is for a document that is not open, the application that created the document launches (if necessary) and the document opens.\nUsing applications and opening documents is discussed in greater detail in Chapter 5; minimizing and displaying windows is discussed earlier in this chapter.", "summary": "The Dock provides quick access to frequently used applications, documents, and minimized windows, and can be customized as described in Chapter 4. Hovering over an item shows its name above the Dock, while a bouncing icon indicates a running or launching application. Clicking an icon either activates a running app, launches a non‑running app (with a bounce animation), restores a minimized window, or opens a document by launching its associated application. Further details on using applications, opening documents, and window management are covered in Chapters 5 and earlier sections."}
{"id": "273d5c98994ee003afbdbfd6cb2d02de83b3482a454e65b6e9645c2b4b463193", "source": "Picking the Right Material for your Metal Project\nA lot of variables go into picking a metal product that will work for your application. But, getting the right material for the job can be tricky and require some research. If you are not sure what material to choose, here are tips to help you:\nChoose the Right Metal Alloy\nPicking the optimal metal alloy for your project requires in-depth industry knowledge and research. Every kind of alloy has unique properties that determine the function of a material and product as well as the quality of the product to be made. To choose the right alloy, consider the following:\n- Resistance. Certain alloys can resist rust, withstand underwater use, and endure extreme temperatures. This makes them ideal for applications in extreme conditions. Moreover, high-performance alloys that resist wearing play a role in ensuring metal components do not fail. After corrosion takes place, the particles will work against the mating surfaces which will be followed by serious galling and seizing. As a result, the components will freeze up. The resistance of a metal is something you need to consider if you want to buy surplus pipe.\n- Plasticity. The ability of a metal to be stretched into wire or hammered into a sheet can help you decide the metal alloy for your project.\n- Conductivity. Metals like copper alloys can conduct electricity and thermal heat in a safe and efficient way. They are vital in electrical components like appliances and heaters.\n- Strength. In fabrication production, it is important to use a metal that is both resilient and extremely strong. Steel alloys tend to be stronger and more durable than others.\n- Welding suitability. Welding works by joining two metals together. This is meant to make bigger, more homogeneous pieces for structures. The ability of an alloy to be welded must be examined carefully when considering some alloys for fabrication.\n- Weight. For projects where mass is a factor, lightweight alloys are a must. Aluminum, titanium, and magnesium alloys are very lightweight and strong. That is why they are ideal for use in bulk-conscious production.\nUsing Dependable Resources\nVisit websites that have helpful charts to help you figure out the metal product you need. They should outline most of the physical and chemical properties of the metals they stock. Some metal product supplier websites have a chart that details the chemical composition differences between 301, 302, and 304 stainless steel. They may also help you decide on the tensile strength of various metals. Beyond information on metal properties, you should be able to access the metal products the supplier regularly stocks.", "summary": "The document advises on selecting appropriate metal alloys for projects, emphasizing factors such as resistance to corrosion and extreme conditions, plasticity, conductivity, strength, weldability, and weight, noting that steel alloys are strong while aluminum, titanium, and magnesium are lightweight. It recommends using reliable resources like supplier websites that provide charts of physical and chemical properties, including composition and tensile strength data for alloys such as stainless steel grades, to inform material choices."}
{"id": "277024df1fcc6ed93dd608c6d88f99f1350e724b20719aed05e358bbfc9fcd4e", "source": "OUR RESOURCES AND DISCUSSIONS\nCMATH offers complete access to our vast collection of resources including lectures by Nobel Laureates and other distinguished scientists, ethicists, physicians, historians, and Holocaust survivors such as:\n- James Watson\n- Eric Kandel\n- Leon Kass\n- Edmund Pellegrino\n- Art Caplan\n- Avraham Steinberg\n- Michael DeBakey\n- Eva Kor\n- Vivien Spitz.\nThese audio and video recordings offer tremendous insight into today’s medical practices and research. You can explore these resources, as well as bibliographies, films, and links to related sites, and then join the discussion in our Facebook community about any one of our stimulating topics.\nOur goal is to help educators develop quality programs for their students, by providing course curricula and other support materials. This Resources section is easily navigated by using the Categories menu to the left. We recommend starting with the CURRICULA category, which will give you a variety of course curricula that have already been developed by CMATH scholars.\nOnce you have decided the subject(s) on which you would like to teach, you can then build out your course using the other teaching tools available here, such as PowerPoint presentations (most available with notes), videos of distinguished speakers, interviews, articles and commentaries on medicine and the Holocaust. These are listed by category in the Categories menu.\nIn addition to utilizing the Categories menu to find specific types of content, you can also find content by subject matter by utilizing “tags.” A drop-down list of tags is located underneath the Categories menu.\nIf you are looking for a specific subject that is not listed in the tags, you may also use our Search box, located at the top of the page near the main menu. Just type in a keyword – such as topic, title or speaker/author name – and all content with that keyword in the title or description will be listed in the search results.\nOur Latest Posts section below lists content that is new or added recently, with the newest content at the top. Each of these posts can also be found using categories, tags, and search.\nIf you have any questions or need help in developing your course, please do not hesitate to contact us.\nOur Latest Posts\nMedical practice in Nazi Germany and a general overview of the ethical violations committed by physicians, nurses, and scientists.Read More >>", "summary": "CMATH provides extensive educational resources—including audio/video lectures by notable figures such as James Watson, Eric Kandel, Leon Kass, and Holocaust survivors—along with bibliographies, films, and links. The site offers curricula, PowerPoint presentations, videos, interviews, and articles organized via categories, tags, and a search function, enabling educators to build courses on medical practice and ethics, particularly concerning Nazi Germany. Users can discuss topics in a Facebook community and contact CMATH for assistance."}
{"id": "28544c244a014fb152979ef7d7990f04200e73c90386a60a1d244d0a28448584", "source": "Cellular zombies: Mutant cells that can’t copy DNA keep dividing when they shouldn’t\nResearchers at USC have developed a yeast model to study a gene mutation that disrupts the duplication of DNA, causing massive damage to a cell’s chromosomes, while somehow allowing the cell to continue dividing.\nThe result is a mess: Zombie cells that by all rights shouldn’t be able to survive, let alone divide, with their chromosomes shattered and strung out between tiny micronuclei. Sometimes they’re connected to each other by ultrafine DNA bridges. (Imagine tearing apart a hot pizza – these DNA bridges are like strings of cheese still draping between the separated pieces.)\nFrequently, the micronuclei – which are thought to retain the most damaged portions of the DNA – rejoin the parent nuclei and incorporate mutations into the survivors.\nThe mutation has been associated with cancer in mice, and micronuclei are often found in human cancer cells. With their new yeast model, researchers hope to learn more about each.\n“Using a simple yeast system, we have developed a powerful genetic model to investigate a recently identified characteristic of human cancer cells,” said Susan Forsburg.\n“This will enable us to rapidly identify genes responsible for this abnormal division.”\nSince the genes that regulate division in human and yeast cells are the same, this simple organism provides a tool for human cell discovery, Forsburg said.\nDNA is vulnerable to damage when it’s unzipped into two single strands for replication by a cell’s MCM helicase (a cellular component essential to DNA replication). Typically, the single stranded DNA triggers repair of damage by special enzymes, or – in extreme cases – drives the damaged cell to suicide. Either way, mitosis (cell division) is halted while the issue is dealt with.\nBut in cancer cells, despite the damaged DNA, the cells continue to divide — creating tumors full of genetic mutations. In this study, a mutation in the yeast’s MCM helicase triggered responses similar to those in mammals where mutations in this gene are associated with cancer and the formation of micronuclei.\nTo study the phenomenon, Forsburg and lead author Sarah Sabatinos collected videos of the damaged cells dividing so that they could maintain continuous monitoring of individual cells, and record cell division from beginning to end. They watched what happened in the mutant in real time. Then, they used a super-resolution microscope at USC that generates 3-D images of objects at the nanometer scale, to examine the damage structures in crisp detail.\n“The devil’s in the division. In real time, we’re able to see that these mutant cells ignore the damage caused during DNA replication, which results in the creation of unusual structures like micronuclei,” said Sabatinos.\nTheir work will inform future studies into how a cancer cell evades biological checkpoints that should halt its division and spread.\nSabatinos, S., Ranatunga, N., Yuan, J., Green, M., & Forsburg, S. (2015). Replication stress in early S phase generates apparent micronuclei and chromosome rearrangement in fission yeast Molecular Biology of the Cell DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E15-05-0318", "summary": "USC researchers created a yeast model to study a mutation in the MCM helicase that prevents proper DNA replication, leading to shattered chromosomes, micronuclei, and ultrafine DNA bridges while still allowing cell division. These “zombie” cells resemble cancer cells that ignore DNA damage checkpoints. Real‑time video and super‑resolution microscopy showed how the mutant cells bypass repair or death, incorporating damaged DNA into daughter cells. The model aims to identify genes responsible for this abnormal division and to inform how cancer cells evade checkpoints."}
{"id": "289f4626e2790b4284b35b8f78c29f97063e1db40c1574a86971995a9b33816e", "source": "Why Our Calendars Skipped 11 Days in 1752\nSix and a half million Britons went to bed on September 2, 1752, and woke up on September 14. The reason? The Calendar (New Style) Act of 1750, of course.\nNow, your average Brit had as much knowledge of Parliament then as we do of day-to-day life in the 1750s, so this might need a little unpacking. You see, it’s all to do with calendars—the way we tabulate time—and how Britain fell out of sync with the world, and felt the need to catch back up. And what’s more, it goes back 170 years prior to 1752.\nIn 1582, Pope Gregory XIII was 10 years into his reign as leader of the Catholic church. He had a problem with Easter. The Julian calendar that the church (and large swaths of the world) used at the time measured a year as 365 days and 6 hours long.\nThat’s close, but not quite right. The average length of a year is 365 days, 5 hours and 49 minutes. The 11 minutes difference might not seem like all that much, but compounded over 1300 years, it begins to add up. So on February 24, 1582, Pope Gregory XIII released a papal bull—a declaration from the leader of the Catholic church—decreeing that those under the dominionship of his church would have to skip some days. Spain, large parts of Italy (which was not yet unified), the Netherlands, France, Portugal, Luxembourg, and Poland and Lithuania (who were at the time tied under a commonwealth) all adopted Gregory’s bull that year.\nAustria, Switzerland, Germany, Hungary, and Prussia all followed in the next 50 years, so that large parts of Europe were now ticking off days on their shiny new Gregorian calendars.\nLand of Hope and Glory\nBritain (England until 1707) was a holdout. It had a large empire, and enough power to feel like it didn’t immediately need to cop to the Catholic calendar (bear in mind, too, that when Gregory made his switch, England’s church was only 50 years out from a nasty split with the Catholic church). But it all got rather confusing: People often headed up letters they wrote with two dates—one using the new Gregorian calendar in fashion in mainland Europe, and the other using the old-fashioned Julian calendar.\nEventually, Britain capitulated and instigated its Calendar (New Style) Act of 1750. Within the legislation, the government admitted that the old-style calendar had caused “divers inconveniences, not only as it differs from the usage of neighbouring nations, but also from the legal method of computation in Scotland, and from the common usage throughout the whole kingdom, and thereby frequent mistakes are occasioned in the dates of deeds and other writings, and disputes arise therefrom.\n“In and throughout all his Majesty’s dominions and countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, belonging or subject to the crown of Great Britain,” the act continued, “the second day of September in the said year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-two inclusive; and that the natural day next immediately following the said second day of September shall be called, reckoned, and accounted to be the fourteenth day of September, omitting for that time only the eleven intermediate nominal days of the common calendar.”\nThe Final Holdouts\nAnd so, with that act of Parliament, Britain (and its colonies) joined most of the rest of Europe in using the Gregorian calendar. September 3 through September 13 were skipped altogether for 1752, and life went on. Despite what some people say, there was little backlash from the public.\nBritain wasn’t the last holdout for the new form of calendar, either—not by a long shot. Russia didn’t change over until 1918. Greece refused to switch until 1923. By then the synchronisation had become so bad that the two countries needed to skip 13 days, rather than 11. It’s one of the only ways that people can skip forward in time until we invent the time machine.", "summary": "In 1752 Britain adopted the Gregorian calendar through the Calendar (New Style) Act of 1750, which required skipping eleven days—September 3 to 13—so that September 2 was followed by September 14, aligning the kingdom with most of Europe after centuries of using the Julian calendar; the change corrected accumulated errors in the Julian year length and resolved date inconsistencies with neighboring nations, and while other countries like Russia and Greece switched later, the British transition caused little public backlash."}
{"id": "295afaf7d9311c63548d86bf9fd9bf9ae0e1c89fb953148462004bce8efc8edd", "source": "The unmanned Jules Verne ATV cargo ship breaks up in a spectacular display\nduring re-entry, as seen on Monday over the Pacific from an observation plane.\nThe European Space Agency's first cargo mission to the international space station ended in a spectacular fireworks show today, with the fiery re-entry of the unmanned Jules Verne ATV spaceship over the South Pacific.\n\"Jules Verne has now successfully completed its mission,\" ESA Director-General Jean-Jacques Dordain declared at the International Astronautical Congress in Glasgow, Scotland.\nThe end came at around 9:30 a.m. ET, when controllers back at Europe's mission control in Toulouse, France, directed the 17-ton craft into its final plunge. Jules Verne, the first of Europe's Automated Transfer Vehicles, was launched from the ESA spaceport in French Guiana early March 9. It linked up with the space station almost a month later, delivering tons of food, water and equipment.\nDuring its stay, Jules Verne periodically boosted the space station's orbit, and in fact helped the station dodge a passing piece of Russian space junk last month.\nBut all good things must come to an end: Unlike the Italian-built space cargo modules that are carried back and forth inside NASA's space shuttle, the Euroean-built ATVs are not designed for return or reuse. Instead, each spent craft has to be disposed of safely, by directing it remotely on a plunge through the atmosphere. The wide-open South Pacific is the favorite dumping ground for such space junk, as we saw back in 2001 when Russia's Mir space station fell to its doom.\nJules Verne's re-entry was witnessed by an international team of scientists flying aboard a NASA DC-8 observation plane. Studying the spacecraft's controlled fall could lead to fresh insights about the chemical and radiation effects of falling meteors - as well as better computer models for predicting how objects fragment as the blast through the atmosphere.\nThe Jules Verne ATV cargo craft glows during its atmospheric re-entry, in a view\ncaptured Monday from a DC-8 observation plane flying over the Pacific. A lens\ndiffraction flare can be seen in rainbow colors at lower right.\nToday's first pictures from the DC-8, posted to ESA's ATV blog, revealed a spray of fireworks similar to those seen during Mir's fall. More tragically, they also recalled what witnesses saw during the shuttle Columbia's breakup five years ago.\nAlthough experts still have to track all the bits of debris, it looks as if Jules Verne's plunge through the atmosphere provided a great light show, but no big impact. There were far more damaging plunges elsewhere on the planet today.", "summary": "The European Space Agency’s first Automated Transfer Vehicle, the 17‑ton Jules Verne cargo ship, completed its mission to the International Space Station and was deliberately deorbited over the South Pacific on Monday, producing a bright fireball observed from a NASA DC‑8 aircraft. Launched in March, it delivered supplies, boosted the station’s orbit, and helped avoid debris, but, unlike shuttle cargo modules, it was not designed for reuse and was disposed of by controlled re‑entry, providing data on atmospheric breakup and debris tracking."}
{"id": "2a150a508ef2f2229fa5cad7e1b828b9d448de6565621791a81a5e232df65e9b", "source": "| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |\nOPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE. The voltage between the output terminals of the welding machine when no current is in the welding circuit.\nOVERHEAD POSITION. The position of welding wherein welding is performed from the underside of a joint.\nOVERLAP. Protrusion of weld metal beyond the toe or root of the weld.\nOXIDIZING FLAME. A flame having an oxidizing effect (excess oxygen).\nOXYACETYLENE WELDING. A gas-welding process wherein coalescence is produced by heating with a gas flame or flames obtained from the combustion of acetylene with oxygen, with or without the application of pressure and with or without the use of filler metal.\nOXYGEN LANCE. A length of pipe used to convey oxygen to the point of cutting in oxygen-lance cutting.\n< Previous | Next >", "summary": "The document provides definitions of welding-related terms, including open‑circuit voltage (voltage at machine output with no current), overhead position (welding from the underside of a joint), overlap (excess weld metal beyond the toe or root), oxidizing flame (flame with excess oxygen), oxyacetylene welding (gas‑welding using acetylene‑oxygen flame, optionally with pressure or filler metal), and oxygen lance (pipe delivering oxygen for cutting)."}
{"id": "2ac08248ecba8aba12fd0743a47233946ef43929c25ab6d0eec86ea4f0a595d9", "source": "Machinery Safety Information\nOSHA Safety Regulations for Industrial Machines and Equipment\nOSHA Regulations -- A List\nOverviewIn 1970, Congress passed the Occupational Health and Safety Act to \"encourage employers and employees efforts to reduce the number of occupational safety and health hazards at their places of employment, and to stimulate employers and employees to institute new and to perfect existing programs for providing safe and healthful working conditions.\" (OSHA Act of 1970, Section 2 (b) (1)).\nAs part of that act, Congress established the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) to enforce the worker safety regulations associated with this act. The Occupational Health and Safety Standards in the United States are defined in Title 29 of the Federal Regulations Part 1910. Subpart O, for example, deals specifically with Machinery and Machine Guarding. It defines the general requirements for all machinery (1910.212), as well as specific requirements for certain types of machinery.\nA List of OSHA RegulationsOSHA Regulations form the framework for Manufacturing Safety within the United States:\nSubpart O deals specifically with Machinery and Machine Guarding. It defines the general requirements for all machinery (1910.212). Subpart I deals specifically with Personal Protective Equipment. Subpart S deals specifically with Electrical equipment and electrical hazards. Section 147 deals specifically with The Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout) Section 146 deals with Permit Required Confined Spaces Section 145 deals with the Specification for Accident Prevention Sign and Tags\nFurther Information and LinksClick here a detailed overview of: OSHA Regulations for Machine Guarding\nClick here a detailed overview of: OSHA Regulations for Lockout Tagout\nClick here a detailed overview of: OSHA Regulations for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)\nClick here a detailed overview of: OSHA Regulations for Noise\nOther sections within the OSHA regulations deal with additional issues. The online OSHA documents are the actual OSHA regulation which are currently applicable to machinery and equipment within the United States.\nTo link to the Table of Contents for all 1910 OSHA Regulations, click here. It is a good starting point when working through the OSHA regulations.\nTraining & Seminars\nAdvanced, high-level training Customized to your machines On-site at your facility Personalized to your needs Taught by a machine safety expert\nThe most useful links, and the most helpful info for those using machinery and automated equipment.\nThere is a wealth of information within this site...\nOSHA Regulations: OSHA's complete set of regulations for general industry.\nOSHA App: An iPhone app with all OSHA Regulations.\nExpert Witness: An Expert in Machines, Manufacturing, and Automated Equipment.", "summary": "The document outlines U.S. OSHA safety regulations for industrial machinery, noting that the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 created OSHA to enforce standards such as those in Title 29 CFR Part 1910 Subpart O (machine guarding) and Subpart I (personal protective equipment). It lists specific sections covering lockout/tagout, confined spaces, and signage, and provides links to detailed overviews, a table of contents, training options, an OSHA app, and expert witness services for machine safety."}
{"id": "2af01afb17a048c8630585c5c5a3772ab5e2f27e7195f74f312b30a6b5f1be44", "source": "Well, there is some confusion out there in the world of Weight Loss.\nThe confusion is, people do not know how much food to eat and how much exercise is needed to burn calories.\nReady for some simple math, here it is;\nLet’s say you are female and (not saying particulariliy anyone) weigh appproximately 175 lbs.\n1st, you take 175 lbs and x that by 10, =? 1,750 (calories needed to maintain life function, not including your daily activity). This is your BMR?- Basal Metabolic Rate\nUnder a general assumption, we assume you add 20% of daily activity effort to that (work, no exercise yet).\nSome?Construction workers burn?quite a few calories. (So do stay at home Mom’s – I know)\nOffice workers are what?we gauge these numbers (20%) by.\nSo… Lets take 1,750 x 20% = 350 daily activity calories\nNow, just by breathing, going to work, and doing daily chores?YOU burn 2,100 calories/day.\nNumbers don’t lie.\nIf you are consuming 2,100 calories/day – YOU?WILL NOT?lose weight!\nIf you over eat or move less – YOU WILL gain weight!\nHere is another number.\nLets say you burn 500 calories per hour.\nIf you do this every day over the course of 7 days = 3,500 calories burned.\nHeck, there goes 1 lb of FAT!\nOk, it gets better.\nTake that Total daily activity munber and consume 500 calories LESS 7 days/week = 3,500 calorie deficit.\nOk, YOU excited yet?\nI just?explained to?you the simple math to be?in a deficit of 7,000 calories/week = Presto….\n**************?? 2LBS GONE PER WEEK!!!?? ****************?\nHold?the phone Batman, one more.\nIt is known that the average person out there who adds 1 lb of muscle burns approximately 50 calories/day at rest.\nIf you add 10 lbs of muscle (while losing 10 lbs of fat, weight didn’t change too much there) you now burn\n500 Calories/day at rest.\nYeah, while you are sleeping!!!\nIsn’t that great? Another lb gone, right?\nMy question to you is, are you disciplined to try and lose 12 lbs/month (if you need to that is?) ?\nAs a Mobile Personal Trainer, our job function is to get you that!\nI want you to burn more at rest,? lose calories from daily exercise, and eat less but more frequent?from our customized Meal Plans.\nThere is the science.\nIf we at TOS kick your butt 3 days/week for 1hr = 500 calories each workout + after 30 – 60 days you will have an additional 10 lbs of muscle, and eat 500 calories less per day?-? we essentially are getting you to be in a potential deficit per day of 1,500 calories on the day you train with my Trainers.\nEven at exercising 3 days/week = Negative 4,500 calories.\nI know I know, sign you up – right?\nGive us a call 1.888.269.1TOS(867)\nOur FREE Meal Plan promotion is extended until the end of August.\nAct fast. We only have 9 left to give away in the whole company.", "summary": "The text explains a simplified calorie‑counting approach to weight loss, using a 175‑lb woman as an example: a basal metabolic rate of about 1,750 calories plus roughly 20% (350 calories) for daily activity totals around 2,100 calories per day, which must be reduced to lose weight. It claims a 500‑calorie daily deficit yields about one pound of fat loss per week, and that gaining muscle can increase resting metabolism by about 50 calories per pound. The author, a mobile personal trainer, promotes a program offering three weekly hour‑long workouts, customized meal plans, and a free meal‑plan promotion, urging readers to contact the service."}
{"id": "2af6b20269b546e6f27f8075cc1fc3af83ffc6e3865c8d1c3f3d43234c655d97", "source": "This is the most popular cooking method and involves cooking food directly over a lit burner. Foods cooked using this method will include steaks, burgers, chops, and vegetables (see image A).\nThis method is ideal for cooking large cuts of meat such as roasts, ribs or poultry. Food is placed on the cooking grates, offset from the heat source and is cooked by the hot air circulating around it. The barbecue lid should always be closed when using the indirect cooking method (see image B).\nHI- is intended for preheating the barbecue and for searing meats. Most grilling will require MED setting to avoid overcooking the outside of foods and undercooking the inside.\nMED- is intended for most grilling, baking and roasting, including chops, chicken and burgers.\nLOW- is intended for warming, slow cooking, smoking or cooking delicate foods.", "summary": "The document describes three barbecue cooking methods: direct grilling over a lit burner for items like steaks, burgers, chops, and vegetables; indirect cooking, where food is placed on grates offset from the heat and the lid remains closed, suitable for large cuts such as roasts, ribs, or poultry; and temperature settings—HI for preheating and searing, MED for most grilling, baking, and roasting, and LOW for warming, slow cooking, smoking, or delicate foods. Each setting is matched to specific cooking needs to avoid over- or undercooking."}
{"id": "2bd886a133a308e9db38f8cff998d7be5e32b3eca9695e08c72a49449f5e65f0", "source": "Frank Owen Salisbury\nSalisbury was born in Harpenden, England and gained his early training in art as an apprentice in his brother’s stained glass workshop in St. Albans. His skill and interest in painting glass led him to attend the Heatherley School of Art. He subsequently earned a scholarship to the Royal Academy, where he studied from 1892 to 1897. Salisbury exhibited seventy times at the Royal Academy.\nThroughout his career in England and in the United States, Salisbury focused on portraiture. He painted Queen Elizabeth II, several British prime ministers including Winston Churchill, and numerous members of the House of Windsor. In the United States, he was commissioned to paint presidents Harry S. Truman, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Woodrow Wilson, and Calvin Coolidge. His works also include portraits of John Pierpont Morgan, John Davison Rockefeller, Jr., and Andrew William Mellon.", "summary": "Frank Owen Salisbury, born in Harpenden, England, trained as a stained‑glass apprentice before studying at Heatherley School of Art and the Royal Academy (1892‑1897), where he later exhibited seventy times. Specializing in portraiture, he painted British figures such as Queen Elizabeth II, Winston Churchill, and members of the House of Windsor, and in the United States he was commissioned to portray presidents Harry S. Truman, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Woodrow Wilson, and Calvin Coolidge, as well as financiers John Pierpont Morgan, John D. Rockefeller Jr., and Andrew W. Mellon."}
{"id": "2d6e7c95e0d0a1a451275f0068ce13da83bb83de6f6373b0f8056758129d3ce3", "source": "As a pharmacy technician it is important to be familiar with laws and regulations that pertain to your industry, so we will continue to look at these different laws. Today we are going to look at the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938.\nAt the turn of the 20th century, there were no federal regulations to protect the public from dangerous drugs. John Swann, Ph.D., a historian at the Food and Drug Administration in Rockville, MD stated, “It was a menacing marketplace filled with products such as William Radam’s Microbe Killer and Benjamin Bye’s Soothing Balmy Oils to cure cancer. Products like these were, at minimum, useless remedies that picked the pocket of the user, but they could also be downright harmful.”\nThe U.S. Congress passed the first of a series of landmark 20th century laws to regulate the development, compounding, distribution, storage, and dispensing of drugs in 1906. The purpose of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 was to prohibit the interstate transportation or sale of adulterated and misbranded food and drugs. This act required that the labels not contain false information about the drugs’ strength and purity. The act, although amended, proved unenforceable, and new legislation was later required.\nThe Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FDC) Act of 1938 is one of the most important pieces of legislation in pharmaceutical history. It created the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and required pharmaceutical manufacturers to file a new drug application (NDA) with each new drug before marketing. Manufacturers needed to prove that the product was safe for use by humans. In addition to proving safety, each new prescription and nonprescription drug had to be approved by the FDA. Pharmaceutical manufacturers were required to conduct and submit the results of toxicological studies on animals followed by clinical trials with human beings to determine the degree of toxicity and the effect of the drug in humans, respectively. The NDA must detail the chemical composition of the drug and the processes used to manufacture it.\nUnder this act, the FDA had the power to not only approve or deny new drug applications (NDAs) but also to conduct inspections of manufacturing plants to ensure compliance. The Supreme Court later held that the act applied to interstate transactions as well as intrastate transactions, including those within pharmacies. Unfortunately, the act required only that drugs be safe for human consumption, not that they be effective or useful for the purpose for which they were sold.", "summary": "The document outlines the evolution of U.S. drug regulation, noting that before the early 20th century there were no federal safeguards against dangerous medicines. It describes the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, which barred interstate sale of adulterated or misbranded products but proved difficult to enforce, leading to further legislation. The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 established the FDA, required manufacturers to submit new drug applications proving safety through animal toxicology studies and human clinical trials, mandated detailed composition and manufacturing information, and gave the FDA authority to inspect plants and regulate both interstate and intrastate drug transactions, though it only required safety, not efficacy."}
{"id": "2e34be7117521de0983ae3ce17cc40aad70e28c74a935c5bca5c932538f2b819", "source": "Traveling in Australia\nAustralia considers as one of world’s most urbanized nation where in about 70% of their population are in 10 major cities. Both the continent and commonwealth of Australia includes the Tasmania that somehow considers as quite larger that can be compared in Europe.\nThe aspects about Australia\nAustralia got a total population as over 33 million. This nation is located along Eastern coast and Southern Eastern Corner of its continent. Since, Australia consider as the flattest and driest continents.\nThis nation got a diverse economy and have boast on its well develop services sectors that includes those range secondary manufacturing and expanding base of newer technologies. Numerous attraction sites can be found in Australia that draws larger number of both local and international tourist individuals around the globe. Since, Australia had boasted out its rain forest, those golden sandy and clean beaches, and some other aspects that have contributed to the tourism grown of Australia. Most of the well visited attraction site in Australia includes the Great Barrier Reef, Ayers Rock, Gold Coast of Queensland, and the Alice Springs.", "summary": "Australia, with a population of over 33 million, is highly urbanized—about 70% of its people live in ten major cities—and is located on the eastern and southeastern coast of the continent, which is noted as the flattest and driest. Its economy is diverse, featuring strong services, secondary manufacturing, and emerging technologies. Tourism is a major draw, highlighted by attractions such as the Great Barrier Reef, Uluru (Ayers Rock), the Gold Coast of Queensland, and Alice Springs, as well as rainforests, sandy beaches, and other natural sites."}
{"id": "2ea5575960d1ae13f6ca3a5665ec5c0ef11f25f17cce9e2a5ef63b419f6566dc", "source": "But now comes a tantalizing study in tomorrow’s issue of Nature hinting at the possibility that what we do to live longer may change the lifespan of our grandchildren. It’s only a hint—the research reported here involves the faithful nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. By exposing one generation of these tiny worms to just three proteins, researchers in Anne Brunet’s lab at Stanford produced worms that live up to 30% longer. The surprising thing is that the enhanced lifespan was passed to the next 2-3 generations. The really surprising thing is that the lifespan of the C. elegans great-grandchildren was enhanced even though no DNA sequences were modified. In other words: germline enhancement without genetic modification.\nHow is that possible? Epigenetics. The three proteins changed the way the DNA is structured or packed without changing the DNA code itself. Such epigenetic changes can change the way genes are expressed. The effect can be dramatic—in this case, a 30% longer lifespan. What’s more, the epigenetic change can be passed to future generations. Most often, epigenetic changes are reset during reproduction. But in some cases, epigenetic modifications are passed to the next 2-3 generations. When that happens, the structure and the expression of DNA are changed even though the DNA sequence remains unchanged. Over time, however, the effect washes out so that the great-great-grandchildren are back to the starting point.\nWill this epigenetics-to-lifespan relationship be found in human beings? Who knows. Again, it must be repeated: this research involves flatworms. Humans are just a bit more complicated. Already, however, Brunet’s lab is looking for something similar in mice and in African killfish.\nWhether anything similar will be found in human beings, this research already suggests a truly interesting thought experiment. Suppose this leads someday to a human-application technology. Would it be opposed by those who object to human germline modification? Sure, future human beings would be changed without their consent. But no genes are changed, and the changes are not permanent.\nPerhaps the more sobering thought is this. Maybe this research will lead to a startling discovery. Never mind some new technology. Might it turn out that what health-minded human beings normally do—eat their green vegetables, get their exercise—has the effect of enhancing their offspring by modifying the expression of their genes by means of generating inheritable epigenetic changes? Could be. If just three proteins make C. elegans progeny live 30% longer, just imagine how your dinner might change your grandchildren (assuming, of course, that you’re in your reproductive years or younger).\nThe article, “Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans,” appears in the October 20 issue of Nature.", "summary": "A study in Nature reports that exposing a generation of Caenorhabditis elegans to three proteins extended their lifespan by up to 30%, and this increased longevity persisted for two to three subsequent generations without altering DNA sequences, indicating transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. The effect diminishes by the great‑great‑grandchild generation. Researchers are investigating similar mechanisms in mice and African killfish, though applicability to humans remains uncertain."}
{"id": "2ee9aca20c5674ab9783d50fed2dadb2a74c041b5f43959bdd048300c1e0dd1c", "source": "Jason Russ and\nNo 32245 in World Bank Publications - Books from The World Bank Group\nWater quantity—too much in the case of floods, or too little in the case of droughts—grabs public attention and the media spotlight. Water quality—being predominantly invisible and hard to detect—goes largely unnoticed. Quality Unknown: The Invisible Water Crisis presents new evidence and new data that call urgent attention to the hidden dangers lying beneath water’s surface. It shows how poor water quality stalls economic progress, stymies human potential, and reduces food production. Quality Unknown examines the effects of water quality on economic growth and finds upstream pollution lowers growth in downstream regions. It reveals that some of the most ubiquitous contaminants in water, such as nitrates and salt, have impacts that are larger, deeper, and wider than has been acknowledged. And it traces the damage to crop yields and the stark implications for food security in affected regions. An important step toward tackling the world’s water quality challenge is recognizing its scale. The world needs reliable, accurate, and comprehensive information so that policy makers can have new insights, decision making can be evidence based, and citizens can call for action. The report calls for a paradigm shift that emphasizes safer, and often more cost-effective remedies that prevent pollution by combining smarter policies with newer technologies. A key message of Quality Unknown is that such solutions exist and change is possible.\nKeywords: Environment; -; Environmental; Protection; Environment; -; Pollution; Management; &; Control; Water; Resources; -; Hydrology; Water; Resources; -; Water; Economics; Water; Resources; -; Water; and; Human; Health; Water; Supply; and; Sanitation; -; Water; Supply; and; Sanitation; Economics; Water; Supply; and; Sanitation; -; Water; Utility; Services; to; the; Poor (search for similar items in EconPapers)\nReferences: Add references at CitEc\nCitations: View citations in EconPapers (2) Track citations by RSS feed\nDownloads: (external link)\nhttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/hand ... 14594.pdf?sequence=8 (application/pdf)\nThis item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.\nExport reference: BibTeX\nRIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan)\nPersistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:wbk:wbpubs:32245\nAccess Statistics for this book\nMore books in World Bank Publications - Books from The World Bank Group 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20433. Contact information at EDIRC.\nBibliographic data for series maintained by Tal Ayalon ().", "summary": "The World Bank publication \"Quality Unknown: The Invisible Water Crisis\" by Jason Russ highlights how poor water quality—often invisible—impedes economic growth, human development, and food production. It presents new data showing that upstream pollution, especially nitrates and salt, reduces downstream economic performance and crop yields, threatening food security. The report calls for comprehensive, reliable information and a paradigm shift toward cost‑effective, preventive policies and technologies to address water pollution, emphasizing that viable solutions exist."}
{"id": "2f63a6cde59a44a926c8725c59abd2c768d1d51ffc8d5b8bf9fbafbf0d3ea497", "source": "Name of Book: Where Does God Live?\nAuthor: August Gold\nIllustrator: Matthew J. Perlman\nPublisher: Skylight Paths Publishing (August 2001)\nAudience: Ages 3 – 6 years\nSummary: In this picture book for young children a child ask the parents where God lives and the parents respond by telling the child the multitude of places that God lives and how the child sees and feels God all day every day.\nLiterary elements at work in the story: The genre of this book is a very realistic one, as it portrays a conversation between a child and her parents when the child asks where God lives. It is also realistic in that it deals with the child’s struggle to comprehend something as immense as God, and where God can be found, and the role of the parents in helping her understand. The book is told from the point of view of the parents as they attempt to show their daughter where God can be found. The setting is the present day. Also, due to the multitude and variety of photographs used, children of all walks of life in a multitude of settings can relate. Since this book is geared to 3-6 year olds the characters are very simple – mother, father and child – and are presented in a simple fashion that mimics conversations that young readers probably have with their own family members. The plot, simple though it is, is about parents helping their child understand their relationship to God more fully. The theme of understanding more about God, is summed up in the title of the book. The combination of the words and the beautiful photographs help the reader “feel” the things that are described in the book.\n(How) does the perspective on gender/race/culture/economics/ability make a difference to the story? The book uses a wide range of photographs to tell the story. In these photographs children will find other children, places and things that resemble the child and where they live, but they will also be introduced to other children and settings that look very different. Through these pictures children can learn that God is in all people and places and not just people that look and dress or live in similar places as they do.\nTheological conversation partners: In reading this book to the children of my church I am reminded of two passages of scripture from the Gospel of Matthew: Matthew 19:14-15 and Matthew 28:20. I think both of these passages are very well represented in the book, and I have used both when I have used this book in preschool lessons. First, by the parents’ loving response to the child they reaffirm for the reader that they are not only welcomed by God, but encouraged to ask questions of and about God. Secondly, by illustrating for the child all the places that God lives, the parents have reinforced our belief that God is with us in all places, times and circumstances forever. One caution I would give to adults sharing this book with children is to emphasize the fact that, while God is present in all facets of our lives, God is still ONE God. The young children who will enjoy this book are very concrete thinkers, and can easily form the idea that God is many and not one. Adults need to keep this in mind as they read and discuss it with small children.\nFaith Talk Questions:\n- Where do you think God lives? (Ask this question before reading the book.)\n- Now that you have read the book, do you have other ideas of where God might live?\n- Which picture of one of God’s homes do you like best? Why?\n- How does it make you feel knowing God is so close to you?\nThis review was written by Union Presbyterian Seminary student Shasta Bode-Brown.", "summary": "The picture book \"Where Does God Live?\" by August Gold, illustrated by Matthew J. Perlman and published in August 2001 for ages 3‑6, depicts a child asking her parents where God lives. The parents answer by describing many places where God is present, using diverse photographs to show that God is in all people and settings. The story is presented from the parents' perspective, emphasizing a realistic conversation that helps the child understand God's omnipresence while reinforcing the theological idea of one God present everywhere."}
{"id": "2ff58841ca82d54dfcb1d3f411e53d795fbe250bfe9a855da221d8e120341752", "source": "Year 9 at Reach School Is a unique alternative education provision aimed at re-engaging young people back into education through an innovative and inspiring programme that will develop a new attitude towards learning. Here at Reach School we aim to prepare and support our Year 9 students through the option process ready for their chosen GCSE subjects in Year 10 and 11, or where possible, reintegrate them back in to mainstream education.\nOur Year 9 programme provides a learning environment that will stimulate and challenge students through a mixture of core curriculum lessons and indigenous education through a broad enrichment programme and challenge day activities that all students are exposed to, to improve academic attainment, behaviour, self-confidence and self-esteem. Students are set clear boundaries as a year group and set individual clear goals for their own personal development. Year 9 students will explore the world around them and ask questions which help them achieve and make progress throughout their time at Reach.\nThroughout Year 9 we aim to build a partnership between the school and families or care providers of the students to help engage the student to give them the best foundation to succeed here at Reach. We aim to work together with parents/carers from the initial integration meeting in order to support the students as they transition in to the school and continue this throughout the student’s time in Year 9. Parents/carers are given regular feedback on the progress of their child through the regular contact with the Year 9 Co-ordinator, termly reports and parents evening.\nWe ask that all parents support the school policies, work closely with staff to support their child’s learning and communicate any issues that may affect their child’s progress.\nOur long term plan is to continue to build a fully inclusive and engaging programme for our Year 9 students that will enable them to fully re-engage with education and succeed later in life. Above is our current timetable for Year 9 that covers a wide array of core curriculum and enrichment sessions. Our extensive programme is designed to assist in the development of transferable skills and qualities necessary to progress into KS4 and Post-16. We expect our students to take full advantage of them; challenging and enjoying themselves with new skills and experiences", "summary": "Reach School's Year 9 program is an alternative education provision designed to re‑engage young people by offering a mix of core curriculum, indigenous education, enrichment activities, and challenge days aimed at improving academic attainment, behaviour, confidence and self‑esteem, while preparing students for GCSE options or reintegration into mainstream schooling; it emphasizes clear individual goals, strong partnership with families or care providers through regular feedback and meetings, and seeks to build inclusive, transferable skills for progression to KS4 and post‑16."}
{"id": "327b409b1819543eb06747692160bfc1c39ee4ecb307431bdcba7e6ab373faf1", "source": "When Forestiere discovered he would not inherit land from his family, he immigrated to the east coast of the U.S. to make his own way.To earn enough money to purchase land, he spent years digging underground tunnels for the subway. He traveled to Southern California to survey land only to find it was too expensive. He was told that the Central Valley of California was a ideal place to farm, so he purchased 80 acres of land sight unseen.\nThe Best Laid Plans…\nHowever, when he arrived, Forestiere found that the land he had purchased wasn’t suitable for farming. His property was full of sedimentary rock, also known as hardpan. These chunks of brick-like rocks went three-to-five feet deep into the ground. Imagine his surprise, dismay and discouragement when he discovered this! Anyone else in this situation might have given up, but this highly imaginative and ingenious man decided to start digging. It was 1906.\nTunnels by Design\nForestiere wrote, “the vision of my mind overwhelms me.” During our walk through the the underground gardens, the tour guide explained that no blueprints for the underground rooms were ever found. He kept all of his plans in his head and must have constantly designed and renovated them as he dug.\nForestiere designed the tunnels so that air flowed through them, and the underground home that he created is very well ventilated. Most tunnels are filled with light due to skylights carved into the ceilings. Fresno has very hot summers (over 100F/37.5C), and the underground gardens were remarkably cooler that outside summer temperatures. They were also warmer during winter.\nThe neat thing about the property is that it appears to be made using “bricks” which are actually the sedimentary rock. The rock colors are so beautiful. The construction of the rooms made me almost believe I had been transported to Italy.\nThe citrus trees Forestiere planted did very well underground, their limbs and leaves protected from frost during winter and heat during summer.\nForestiere also planted loquat, pomegranate, mulberry, carob, date, kumquat, jujube, strawberries, grapes, oranges, lemons, and grapefruit. You can see the tops of the trees after you exit the garden.\nCitrus trees can be grafted onto each other, so oranges, limes, lemons, grapefruits etc. can all be on the same tree. Forestiere grafted many citrus trees and amazingly, several of the trees are over 100 years old and still bear fruit!\nEventually, Forestiere decided against becoming a citrus farmer and focused on making his underground gardens into a resort.\nSadly, he died from pneumonia at the age of 67. He was unmarried and had no children. His Italian relatives didn’t want to move to the U.S. and live on his property, so they divided up the land and sold almost all of it. Thankfully, one of his brothers wanted to preserve the beautiful work and kept several acres which are still managed by the Forestiere family today.\nPlan Your Visit\nThere are so many neat details to see in these beautiful underground gardens. I’m ready to visit again since I’m positive I missed seeing everything. The tour guides are extremely knowledgeable and enthusiastic and the one-hour tour goes by so quickly. I highly encourage everyone to visit this hidden gem that’s easily found just off highway 99 in Fresno.\nVisit the Forestiere Underground Web page to plan your trip now!", "summary": "After learning he would not inherit family land, Italian immigrant Baldassare Forestiere moved to the U.S., worked digging subway tunnels, and bought 80 acres in California's Central Valley sight unseen in 1906. Finding the soil hardpan, he excavated an extensive underground garden network, designing ventilation and skylights without written plans. He cultivated citrus and other fruit trees underground, some now over a century old, and later aimed to turn the site into a resort. Forestiere died at 67; most of the land was sold, but a portion remains preserved by his family and is open to tours near Fresno, CA."}
{"id": "33766fcf7b8f2bf0d4e7276695b232234735e636f0bd2083e6fceb015d31aa65", "source": "When students go in to College or University they are going in to new life style and the beginning of new adventure. Life is full of surprise and it is important for every individuals to be independent, depending on others for every problems can lower down your confidence and as well as respect from others. University is the best place to develop independence, because in students have to manage by them self to achieve good grades, they have to manage their times and as well as their financial issues. If the students keep on asking their parents for help when ever they have small little problems then that is wasting the opportunity to learn to deal by them self in life.\nThere was a person who was working in one of the top banks, and he said one of the most important thing in work life is having good manners. Then there was another person director of one of the big company said the \"person with good manners will always shine above all\" and \"good manners never runs out of fashion\". Students have one of the best opportunity to develop good manners during their study in university or college, students can start developing good manners by respecting their lecturers. Students should greet their lecturers and friends. Greeting with hand shake when they meets their friends and looking directly into their eyes when they are talking to others is the start of developing the right manners.\nMajority of the people loves kind people, being kind to others is having respect to the people around you. Students can develop kindness in university by being kind to lecturers, staffs and also to other students. Do not be only kind to those people when you need them but be kind to every one. Being kind person always pays off well soon or later.\n4) General Knowledge\nStudents loves to play computer games and hang out with their friends, these things are good, it is good to play now and then computer games and it is good to makes friends., but they have to be a time to develop general knowledge. University is the place where students can develop general knowledge very fast because of the international students. In one university there are student from more than 50 countries and this will help students to learn about their cultures. Learning other countries culture is one of the ways to develop general knowledge. Students should also read news and they should also read about the countries so that they can have more knowledge about other countries, student should learn about geography, they don;t have to learn according to the geography books but they can surf the internet to learn about basic things.\nIn conclusion I would like to tell students not to waste their time and opportunity during their times in University or College, there are a lot of things to learn and develop. Make use of the opportunity and make best of your educational life by learning and developing things that will get your through life with confidence and with pride.", "summary": "The text argues that university life offers a crucial chance for students to become independent, develop good manners, and cultivate kindness by managing their studies, time, and finances without over‑relying on parents, and by respecting lecturers and peers. It also highlights the value of gaining general knowledge through interaction with international students, reading news, and learning about other cultures, urging students to use this period to build confidence and pride for future life."}
{"id": "35aa01810c266ec37bd86cd317651bd5f6a58ca492480b78d5a19962114bb225", "source": "Do you know what the proper serving size is for a bowl of cereal? Or a baked potato? Or a piece of steak? How about a cup of juice?\nMany people tend to overestimate proper serving sizes when consuming food and beverages. Restaurant menus can also be misleading when it comes to serving sizes. For example, a “small” order of French fries at a restaurant may actually equal two or more serving sizes, in accordance with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) guidelines. As a result, people tend to consume more calories, carbs, fat, and other nutrients than they realize, or then they need.\nThere is much confusion over the terms serving sizes and portion sizes. What is the difference?\n- Serving – the amount of food recommended by the USDA\n- Portion – the amount of a food you choose to eat at any one time, which may be more or less than a serving\nTo determine how good you are at determining proper portion sizes, try this experiment at home: without using a measuring cup, pour what you think is one cup of dry cereal into a bowl, or one cup of milk into a glass. Now check the actual amounts with a measuring cup. How accurate were you?\nFollowing are some tips for determining proper portion sizes:\n- 1 cup = your fist or cupped hand\n- 1 ounce of cheese = your thumb or a pair of dice\n- 1 teaspoon = your thumb tip\n- 3 ounces of meat or poultry = deck of cards or a cassette\n- 3 ounces of fish = a checkbook\n- ½ cup cooked rice, pasta, or mashed potatoes = ½ baseball or an ice cream scooper\n- 2 tablespoons peanut butter = a ping pong ball\n- 1 ounce peanuts = 1½ golf balls\nDon’t forget that the amount of food you eat is just as important as what you eat!", "summary": "The document explains that many people overestimate serving sizes, confusing USDA‑defined servings with the portions they actually eat, which can lead to excess calorie and nutrient intake; it distinguishes serving (USDA recommendation) from portion (individual choice) and offers visual cues for estimating common amounts, such as using a fist for one cup or a deck of cards for three ounces of meat."}
{"id": "3656d35535d35b7a820c9fd44a956dbe9660048b5b6ebb8d7c8f56889a2bf616", "source": "Organic gardening is much the same as any other form except it's done without the use of dangerous chemicals such as pesticides, fungicides, herbicides and chemical fertilisers.\nImproving the Soil\nThere is still soil to be dug and turned, fed and enriched, worked and improved. It all has to be done naturally, which is common sense really. Your soil is the medium that will house and nurture your plants, food crops, trees, herbs and shrubs.\nThe common sense part of organic gardening (and farming, for that matter) is ensuring that your soil is as healthy as it can be.\nHealthy soil has a good crumb structure, the right balance of acid and alkalai, plenty of natural organic material distributed within it, a healthy supply of good soil-loving bacteria, worms to aerate it and enough grit for drainage.\nPiling it Up\nEvery year, the addition of manure, or better, well rotted compost dug into the soil will work wonders in preserving the soil's balance, adding natural, beneficial nutrients at the same time.\nPlants or crops grown on organic soil are healthier and more disease resistant than those grown on artificially fertilised and chemically treated soil. Crops grown on healthy, organic soil contain higher levels of nutrients, vitamins and minerals than their intensively farmed counterparts.\nBut most importantly, food crops grown in organic soil are free of harmful chemicals.\nDon't you owe it to your children to give them a healthy start in life and feed them only on organically grown food?\nBack to Top", "summary": "The document explains that organic gardening avoids synthetic chemicals like pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, and chemical fertilizers, focusing instead on natural soil management. It emphasizes maintaining healthy soil with proper structure, pH balance, organic matter, beneficial microbes, worms, and drainage, and recommends annually adding well‑rotted compost or manure to enrich nutrients. The text claims that plants grown in such soil are more disease‑resistant, contain higher nutrient levels, and are free of harmful chemicals, suggesting this benefits children's health."}
{"id": "37e4c74b997818d5e2022a8f1e8f43394f43736310cacc40a8a81c24f3f35496", "source": "Foil leaf electroscope\nFoil Leaf Electroscope. Aluminum leaves repel in the presence of a charged object. Created by Brit Cruise.\nWant to join the conversation?\n- Why do the aluminium leaves repel? Could it be due to the fact that they are metals(and hence electron donors) and don't want to accept static electricity?(17 votes)\n- remember, opposites attract, like repel. :D they have the same amount of negative and positive charges so they repel.(1 vote)\n- How does the foil repel?(2 votes)\n- There is a very useful diagram here, that shows what happens to the charges in the object and different parts of the electroscope.\nEach leaf gets the same charge, so they repel each other.(1 vote)\n- Can someone please tell which is the positive charge and which is the negative charge?(2 votes)\n- the copper is the positive charge . https://www.khanacademy.org/science/mit-k12/mit-k12-physics/v/the-invention-of-the-battery(1 vote)\n- Is the foil leaf electroscope the same thing as a the gold leaf electroscope except with a gold sheet ?(2 votes)\n- Great question, and yes! Gold is a fantastic conductor, just very expensive. We *could* use gold wire up our house except copper is much more affordable.(0 votes)\n- Why is only vacuum used for this experiment?\nWhy can't we use other mediums?(1 vote)\n- A vaccum has nothing in it, so nothing can interfere with the leaf.(1 vote)\n- Do you have to orient that plate at the angle you did to get this affect? If you were to tilt the plate say 90 degrees in one direction would it still induce a charge? Is the Vacuum of the mason jar significant to the experiment?(1 vote)\n- what is the difference between electro & current(1 vote)\n- The leaves on a metal leaf electroscope repel each other even though no other objects are touching it. Explain what must have happened if no charged object ever touched the electroscope.(1 vote)\n- actually, i am trying rubbing glass rod with silk but the glass rod does not acquire any charge on it, which material should i use.(1 vote)\n- a comb can be charged easily by combing.. you can use it..(1 vote)\n- Does this jar has something to do with the Leyden Jar?(1 vote)\n- A Leyden jar has a capacitance- it can store and release a charge. This thing, however, does not serve that purpose, being an electroscope, not a capacitor. The similarities don't go much further than the jars that both devices have included in their designs.(1 vote)", "summary": "The document records a discussion about a foil leaf electroscope, noting that aluminum leaves repel each other when a charged object induces the same charge on each leaf. Participants ask why the leaves repel, compare the device to a gold‑leaf electroscope, inquire about charge polarity, the role of vacuum, and related concepts such as Leyden jars and charging methods, offering brief explanations and references."}
{"id": "38956fdb900ef21a4a246af8f96c3c9bf73ae38bf417fa167cb30a317e61ee8a", "source": "Save energy and reduce ocean pollution by harvesting wind with turbines in the sky anchored to small towers mounted on land or sea. Over the past years big wind towers have become very popular. We have all seen how thousands of such tall towers have already been deployed around the world.\nPerhaps the most economical method for harvesting wind energy is the sky turbine, a turbine held up in the sky by an aerostatic device connected to the ground to a much smaller anchoring tower.\nThe turbines make electricity just like the current technology. But at higher elevations the wind velocity is stronger, more uniform and available. The turbines can be controlled, turn into the wind, get out of the wind, be reeled in and serviced more conveniently, etc.\nIn the near term ships may be the best sites for the initial sky turbines. Already there are plans for pulling ships using the wind to save energy. Adding a turbine to the pulling device will generate electricity for the ship.\nInitial smaller systems will offset ship’s auxiliary power cost effectively, but more and more of the total ocean transportation energy costs could be offset by wind power as the technology develops.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-altitude_wind_power", "summary": "The document proposes using sky turbines—wind turbines suspended by aerostatic devices and anchored to small land or sea towers—to harvest stronger, more uniform high‑altitude winds, thereby saving energy and reducing ocean pollution. It argues that this method could be more economical than conventional tall towers, offering advantages such as directional control, easy retraction, and maintenance. The text suggests that ships could serve as early deployment sites, with turbines generating electricity to offset auxiliary power and eventually a larger share of ocean transport energy costs."}
{"id": "38eea5c69c032832c6de6303bd6f1695a81a6f1c20709e9c3ba007497b72b649", "source": "Canada, the United States and Mexico are adjacent coastal nations where the impact of significantly increased human activity in the coastal zone by the year 2050 will be potentially catastrophic. Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) may well have a role to play within and between all three countries to help ameliorate this situation. This paper looks at the challenges facing sub-continental ICM, from institutional foundations to large-scale environmental management practices that cross political and cultural boundaries. To assist in this discussion, we have analyzed the overlapping sets of political-administrative units within terrestrial ecosystems, especially those with complex landscape attributes, to arrive at a series of issues that help identify areas of convergence and joint action as well as barriers to action. Finally, we look at landscape attributes on a regional scale to show that joint institutional initiatives that recognize existing ecological, socio-economic, and political-administrative differences between Canada, the United States and Mexico need to be built.\nCuauhtemoc Leon, Boris Graizbord, Richard K. Paisley, Eugene C. Bricklemyer, Jr. & Juan J. del Toro,\nChallenges For Managing The North American Coastal Zone,\nOcean & Coastal L.J.\nAvailable at: http://digitalcommons.mainelaw.maine.edu/oclj/vol9/iss2/7", "summary": "The paper argues that by 2050 the increased human activity along the coasts of Canada, the United States, and Mexico could have catastrophic effects, and that Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) could help mitigate these impacts across the three nations. It examines challenges to sub‑continental ICM, including institutional foundations and large‑scale environmental management that cross political and cultural borders. By analyzing overlapping political‑administrative units within complex terrestrial ecosystems, the authors identify convergence areas, joint action opportunities, and barriers, concluding that regional institutional initiatives must account for ecological, socio‑economic, and political‑administrative differences among the three countries."}
{"id": "3a89a4eb78565c74d98636fb9301ee05903aee35b7a0945c8f0492e040326361", "source": "The star-nosed mole incredible looking nose is not used to smell, instead, the nose is used to feel. Moles spend most of their time underground where it is dark so it is important with a good sense of touch.\nThis fascinating animal is the only known mammal that can smell under water! Wow!\nThe mole sends out little bubbles and the bubbles catch odour molecules. The moles’ tunnels often end up in the river so it is important for the mole to be good swimmers.\nMoles have front paws that are perfect for digging and this is used as inspiration in the free booklet below to design a digging machine.\nBut why now combine this with the amazing star-nosed moles, who can smell food under water. Lots of ideas are twirling around in my head! I hope it sparks lots of ideas!\nMoles provide opportunities for wonder and possibilities for inventing all sorts of things. The ideas may not work in real life but daydreaming is the first step towards great things but most of all it is fun!", "summary": "The star‑nosed mole has a distinctive nose used primarily for tactile sensing rather than smell, aiding it in the dark underground environment; it is also described as the only known mammal capable of smelling underwater by releasing bubbles that capture odor molecules, and its digging front paws inspire designs for digging machines, while its abilities are highlighted as sources of creative ideas."}
{"id": "3ace853ed7500ddfbe8350be3e461a7e39fee99b6a689b92ea04b15a036c9f15", "source": "Post-traumatic anxiety disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that may develop in those who have been exposed to psychological or physical injury. Any traumatic event, wherein one is confronted with the fear of dropping their lifetime or losing someone or something extremely precious to him/her, may behave as the triggering factor for PTSD. Injuries, natural calamities, torture, domestic abuse or sexual abuse are a few of the kinds of events which could leave an indelible mark on the mind. Memories of this traumatic event could haunt the victims, which makes it quite hard for them to lead a normal life. Their ideas may center around that specific occasion and they might find themselves reliving that occasion in the kind of nightmares or flashbacks. This may influence one’s sleep routine. In reality, studies have shown that a vast majority of individuals afflicted by post-traumatic anxiety disorder suffer from sleep disorders. In the following guide, we’ll look in the link between sleep apnea and PTSD.\nSleep apnea is a sleep disorder that is characterized by pauses in breathing which can interrupt sleep. Occasionally, an individual may suffer from sleep apnea that is mixed. In the event of central sleep apnea, then the pauses in breathing happen when the mind does not send signals to the breathing tissues. On the flip side, obstructive sleep apnea occurs when there is the obstruction in the airways. Obstructive sleep apnea, as the name implies, happens when fractures in breathing are brought on by the inability of the brain to send signals to the muscles together with obstruction in the airways.\nStudies have suggested that individuals afflicted by a post-traumatic anxiety disorder, frequently suffer from sleep apnea or shallow breathing through the night. It’s an established fact that stress could impact one’s breathing mechanisms and such breathing problems during sleep may also trigger sleep deprivation. Actually, episodes of disordered breathing which are caused because of central sleep apnea may be common since the patient relives the traumatic event through the REM sleep. The nightmares can cause rapid breathing and occasionally, an individual may awaken gasping for breath. Such stress sleep disorders can surely affect the sleep, which in turn, could have serious consequences on the health. Since the vast majority of individuals suffering from PTSD are prone to sleep apnea, there’s a fantastic need to assist such a person lead a normal life. Relatives and friends ought to help the affected person inventing out their suppressed feelings. PTSD can affect children in addition to adults. There’s a good need to spot the symptoms and seek medical aid. Even though some individuals are constantly in denial or suppress their feelings, some could become jumpy and react to insignificant stimulation. In case the man or woman that has just confronted any traumatic event appears to be suffering from recurring nightmares and flashbacks or showing signs of PTSD, physicians may prescribe medication to relieve the physical and psychological symptoms. Psychotherapy or behavioral treatment could be required for assisting the affected person. Antianxiety drugs, antidepressants, and anti-inflammatory drugs may help, but it’s psychological support which will help the individual cope much better. While treating PTSD will surely decrease the prevalence of rapid shallow breathing or sleep disturbance in these scenarios, an individual may also gain by using CPAP masks. A CPAP mask is a breathing apparatus that’s fitted over the mouth or nose in order to deliver atmosphere. This assists in preventing the airways from becoming blocked. Particular alternative healing remedies or relaxation techniques can also help in treating sleep apnea and nervousness.\n( Read more about Positional Asphyxia in Infants – Know the Causes )\nThe two PTSD and sleep apnea may be treated, but it’s very important that those requirements are diagnosed at an early period. While sleep apnea may lead to sleep deprivation, and result in significant complications, PTSD could make a critical effect on the ability to lead a normal life. It’s thus crucial the signals of these conditions are known at an early phase and the necessary steps are required to relieve the signs.", "summary": "Post‑traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can arise after exposure to traumatic events such as injury, abuse, or natural disasters, leading to intrusive memories, nightmares, and flashbacks that often disrupt sleep. Studies indicate a high prevalence of sleep‑disordered breathing, including obstructive and central sleep apnea, among people with PTSD, possibly exacerbated by stress‑induced breathing changes during REM sleep. Effective management may involve psychotherapy, medication, and treatments for sleep apnea such as CPAP, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and comprehensive support."}
{"id": "3bba0e9319c28baf3fc635f933b0cb2da3a9e0ab552d865a997403f469a55199", "source": "Computers can now serve as telephones. As long as users have the necessary connections and software, your telephone can read the signals coming through the wire and transform them into digital ones so that your voice and that of your caller’s can be heard.\nThis technique is referred to as VoIP, which stands for “Voice Over Internet Protocol.” The advent of broadband connections and their subsequent presence in most communities is what helped to move this technology forward.\nWith VoIP, you can talk with someone anywhere in the world (since it comes through the Internet.) In some instances, these calls are treated as local calls; in other words, there are no long-distance charges incurred. In other cases, you may have to pay a small fee or have the service added on to your Internet bill. Your Internet provider can give you cost information.\nIt is possible, using certain programs, to not only talk to someone in another part of the world, but to also see that person. There are several programs that provide this service; however, both users must have the appropriate software and hardware (a video camera) installed in order to see each other.\nEven being able to talk to someone via the Internet is still pretty impressive. And with the improvements and updates being made in wireless technology, it is now possible to talk with someone from just about any location. Strategically placed routers make this possible.\nIf all this sounds like something out of a spy movie where the hero has access to all the latest gadgets, then you need to know that it’s now a reality. It is possible to do this, and usually the cost is relatively reasonable.\nDepending on your Internet provider, it may actually be cheaper to utilize VoIP than to use regular phone service (both “landline” and cell.) Again, this will vary, so you need to check with your provider concerning how much it will cost.", "summary": "The document explains that computers can function as telephones using Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), which converts voice signals into digital data transmitted over broadband Internet connections. VoIP allows worldwide calls, often without long‑distance charges, though fees may apply depending on the provider. Certain programs also enable video calls if both parties have the necessary software and hardware. Improvements in wireless technology and strategically placed routers further expand call locations, and in many cases VoIP can be cheaper than traditional landline or cellular services, though costs vary by provider."}
{"id": "3d10195169c929fe96d16e203319967c7660c0dc154c5bfede98d2ff8dfca0ed", "source": "There are a lot of issues related to Developmental Dyscalculia in Adults. It causes troubles with your regular life.\nYour options on employment can be affected, poor health and even depression has been related to developmental dyscalculia.\nOther than common belief, dyscalculia affects about the same number of people compared to dyslexia. About 5%-7% of the population, so you are not alone. Dyscalculia does not get much diagnosed as there is little awareness of the condition and people seem to think that children “grow out of it”, which is absolutely not true.\nTrouble with math will continue in adulthood if not properly treated. Most of the research into dyscalculia has until now been focussed on children and ignores the vast number of adults suffering every day of the consequences of this condition.\nIt is a lifelong learning disability.\nIf you want to read some of the newest research on adult dyscalculia then consider the article HERE\nThere is also research about the long term cost of numeracy difficulties and you can read about that HERE\nFor a good overview about adult numeracy and the research done for it, read this article HERE\nAt AdultDyscalculia.org we try to be of service to this vast population of forgotten patients of a forgotten learning disability, by providing testing, done remote via video conference, and remediation/tutoring, also done remote via video conferencing.\nWe also offer a video series with basic math explained without difficult busy work and lots of videos about how to use math in real life situations. See the preview video below or hit the button to go to the video series home page.\nDyscalculia is a specific but not yet extensively researched difficulty in understanding numbers. Having faced difficulties with math for most of their lives, dyscalculic adult learners might have lost motivation in the subject, making it hard to find the right support.\nA quote from the excellent article out of the ELM magazine’s theme number about Adult Dyscalculia, numeracy and finance. See the whole article HERE\nIf you are unsure if you have dyscalculia or if you want to do something about your struggles with numbers, contact us and we will work with you to move forward.\nDyscalculia is still a very unknown learning disability. Many adults experience trouble in their daily life, their jobs or when helping their children with math homework and realize that they may have undiagnosed Dyscalculia.\nThis website is meant to provide resources to enable you to be diagnosed and get tutoring support if necessary.", "summary": "Developmental dyscalculia affects 5%‑7% of the population, persisting into adulthood and impacting employment, health, and mental well‑being; it is often undiagnosed due to low awareness and the mistaken belief that children outgrow it. Research has focused mainly on children, leaving many adult sufferers without adequate support. AdultDyscalculia.org offers remote testing, tutoring, and video resources to help adults identify and manage their numeracy difficulties, aiming to address this largely overlooked lifelong learning disability."}
{"id": "3ee3d907ee833465d8298a295ec7ee8096d05b12a27250d1e220257f1af32772", "source": "Food is one of the most important components of our lives, as it provides the necessary energy, nutrients, and vitamins that our bodies need to function properly. The type and quality of food we consume can greatly impact our health and well-being, making it crucial to choose nutritious and balanced meals holidaysnbeyond.\nA balanced diet is one that includes a variety of foods from all food groups, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy. Eating a balanced diet can help maintain a healthy weight, reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes, and provide the energy needed to perform daily tasks hukol. In addition to eating a balanced diet, it is important to pay attention to portion sizes and limit the consumption of high-fat, high-sugar, and high-salt foods.\nIncorporating more fruits and vegetables into your diet can have a positive impact on your health. Fruits and vegetables are low in calories and high in nutrients, making them a great choice for anyone looking to maintain a healthy weight. They are also rich in antioxidants, which help protect the body from free radical damage and reduce the risk of chronic diseases taylorsource.\nWhole grains are another important component of a healthy diet. Whole grains, such as brown rice, whole wheat bread, and oatmeal, are high in fiber and can help regulate digestion and promote feelings of fullness. In contrast, processed grains, such as white flour and white rice, have had much of their fiber and nutrients removed, making them less nutritious and more likely to contribute to weight gain testrific.\nLean proteins, such as fish, chicken, and tofu, are an essential part of a healthy diet, as they help build and repair the body’s tissues. Low-fat dairy products, such as milk, cheese, and yogurt, are also important, as they provide calcium, which is necessary for strong bones and teeth.\nIn addition to eating a balanced diet, it is important to pay attention to the quality of the food we eat. Foods that are minimally processed, such as fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins, are typically more nutritious than highly processed foods, such as junk food and fast food. These processed foods are often high in calories, sugar, and unhealthy fats, making them less nutritious and more likely to contribute to weight gain and other health problems hanjuthai.\nEating a healthy diet can also have a positive impact on our mental health. Studies have shown that a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help improve mood, reduce anxiety and depression, and promote feelings of well-being. In contrast, a diet that is high in processed foods and low in nutrients can have a negative impact on our mental health and increase the risk of mood disorders.\nIn conclusion, food plays a crucial role in our lives, as it provides the energy, nutrients, and vitamins that our bodies need to function properly. By eating a balanced diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy, and by paying attention to the quality of the food we eat, we can work towards a healthier and happier future. By making food a priority, we can build the foundation for a healthy lifestyle and a lifetime of good health.", "summary": "The document explains that food provides essential energy, nutrients, and vitamins, and that a balanced diet—incorporating fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low‑fat dairy—supports healthy weight, reduces chronic disease risk, and benefits mental health, while emphasizing portion control and limiting high‑fat, high‑sugar, and highly processed foods."}
{"id": "3fc618701e203ea4fb103eee407d5f8596b9e51e73f6609510251eb42ef26a76", "source": "While supplies last, you save $4.00 (40%)!\nOne of a set of practical social story books that demonstrate appropriate behavior and build self esteem.\nThe stories teach social skills and prepare children for every day situations and events. Children learn how to deal with events and social situations beforehand. There have been wonderful results with these stories which provide children with coping strategies in their every day lives. Comprehension questions are included at the end of each story to ensure further reinforcement and understanding of appropriate behaviors. Children respond excellently to these beautifully illustrated daily experiences. The characters in this book model appropriate behavior on the playground and at the beach.\nWhy do I need this? Social stories have a track record of success. This book is for children who:\n... Need guidance with appropriate behavior on the playground\n... Are learning joint attention such as \"Mommy, watch me!\". \"Look at me\"\n... Are learning safety rules and behavior at the beach\n... Need help in social situations\nWhat's in this social story book? Two great stories:\n1. The playground\n2. The beach\nChildren respond excellently to these delightful illustrated social stories. Visually demonstrates appropriate behavior in real life situations. Teaches children to effectively deal with social situations. Every page has a color illustration.\nWho benefits from this social story book? These books are perfect if you are teaching a child with autism, PDD-NOS, speech and language delays or Asperger's. Social stories set clear expectations of possible events and teach children correct and appropriate responses.\n20 pages. 2007", "summary": "The 20‑page social story book, published in 2007, offers two illustrated stories—one set on a playground and one at a beach—to teach children appropriate behavior in everyday social situations. It includes comprehension questions for reinforcement and targets children with autism, PDD‑NOS, speech and language delays, or Asperger's, aiming to improve joint attention, safety rules, and social interaction skills. The book emphasizes visual demonstrations of proper conduct and claims positive results in building self‑esteem and coping strategies."}
{"id": "3fcde1eaab64c0d2aba1ac0d5f868ea63c83a45bb1fb77bf88b692b8bf2f2e62", "source": "Paradoxically, stars begin in the galaxy’s coolest places: the dense giant molecular clouds (or GMCs).\nThis is not quite the paradox it seems, as in the beginning, stars require little else but gravity to form. And that’s really quite lucky, because one thing they do need is regions of high density, and high density is unlikely to occur where temperatures are high.\nAnd so stars begin in perhaps the most surprising of ways: as a high-density bundle of very cool gases within an equally cool interstellar cloud.\nBut they do heat up eventually. How? Continue reading\nAstronomers have discovered that the clouds of gas and dust—the interstellar medium (ISM)—found between the stars are made of the same materials as the stars themselves. In fact, hydrogen is the most common element in both stars and the ISM, followed closely by helium.\nBut it would be more accurate to say that stars are made of the same material as the ISM, not the other way around.\nThis is because all of the stars formed out of material in the ISM at some point millions to hundreds of billions of years ago. And when they die, they return that material—what’s left of it—to the ISM.\nSpecifically, stars form out of the giant molecular clouds (GMCs) of the ISM. But how? Continue reading\nStars are hot.\nReally hot. Hot enough to have energy to spare for their planets. If our star wasn’t hot, we couldn’t live on Earth. And our star isn’t even particularly hot for a star. It’s a middle-aged star of low mass, so it’s relatively cool compared to other stars.\nYou might also notice that stars aren’t all the same color. There are redder stars and bluer stars and more whitish stars.\nWe know stars are hot. They’re also bright. And they’re different colors. But how does that all translate to radiation—and how can we see it? Continue reading", "summary": "Stars originate in the galaxy’s coolest, densest regions—giant molecular clouds (GMCs) within the interstellar medium (ISM)—where gravity can collapse cool gas despite high temperatures inhibiting density elsewhere. The ISM and stars share the same primary composition, chiefly hydrogen and helium, with stars forming from ISM material and later returning it upon death. These newly formed stars are initially hot, emitting radiation of varying colors and brightness, which enables their detection."}
{"id": "40a7b3dfe39f5cc04aadf116916f8732a853b7c7a45bd31477dcc1841b9deee2", "source": "In Think: The Life of the Mind and the Love of God John piper shows us the intricate continuity between the Christian faith and intellectual development. Focusing on the life of the mind helps us to know God better, love him more, and care for the world around us in thoughtful ways.\nWhile we must value the experiential an emotional elements of our faith, the intellectual aspects are far too often neglected and as Piper says in this book, we also need to practice careful thinking about God. Piper contends that \"thinking is indispensable on the path to passion for God.\" So how are we to maintain a healthy balance of mind and heart, thinking and feeling?\nPiper urges us to think for the glory of God. He demonstrates from Scripture that glorifying God with our minds and hearts is not either-or, but both-and. Thinking carefully about God fuels passion and affections for God. Likewise, Christ-exalting emotion leads to disciplined thinking.", "summary": "John Piper's *Think: The Life of the Mind and the Love of God* argues that intellectual engagement is essential to Christian faith, asserting that thoughtful reflection on God deepens love for Him and informs caring action. While acknowledging the importance of emotional experience, Piper contends that thinking and feeling should complement rather than replace each other, and that disciplined thinking fuels passionate devotion to God."}
{"id": "41738b2d5940f814011ce78417e81797dc55d12c579634e2efdda684da940d5d", "source": "Although you’re going to deal with rude people your entire life, bullying is still a big problem among teenagers. Between cyber bullying, threats, fights, and taunting, bullying has taken on several different forms and is becoming more and more common.\nThere are several ways of dealing with bullies. Whether you are the victim or a witness, don’t just let it happen. You need to identify the situation, evaluate your relationship with the “bully,” find a solution, and use it as an opportunity to grow.\nFirst of all, it is important to realize that there is a bullying situation. There can be different severities and levels of harassment. If somebody is physically or mentally abused, that is bullying. The general idea is that if a person or group is consistently making somebody else feel uncomfortable, it needs to be addressed. There are some threats or insults that can’t be laughed off every time, and it is your job to put an end to it.\nNext, evaluate your relationship with the bully. Is it a friend that you can easily reason with? Or is it an adult who tries to overpower you? Using this evaluation can help you decide the best way to solve the situation. Sometimes, it can be easily resolved by simply talking to the “bully” and letting him or her know how you feel and that they need to stop. In other conditions, it is extremely necessary to bring in a trusted adult to help handle the circumstances.\nBeing bullied is never fun, but you should use it as an opportunity to grow. Don’t obsess over what the bully says, especially if they are known for saying mean things. Does this person’s opinion really matter to you? Realize that you matter, and that your self worth is stronger than anybody who tells you otherwise. Once you have been in a situation like this, it makes it easier to deal with other bullies or even help others who are struggling. It is your job to step up to bullying, and put an end to it once and for all.\nAlong the way, when dealing with this problem, be sure to keep your parents informed. Whether you can handle putting an end to the bullying on your own, your parents will truly know the best way to take care of it and will be able to guide and comfort you. If you need somebody to talk to about being bullied, call 1-800-273-TALK (8255) or any other hotlines to find help. You can also sign a petition to step up to bullying at http://www.", "summary": "The document discusses bullying among teenagers, describing its various forms such as cyberbullying, threats, fights, and taunting, and emphasizes the need to recognize and address any consistent harassment that makes someone uncomfortable. It advises evaluating the relationship with the bully to choose an appropriate response, ranging from direct conversation to involving trusted adults, and encourages victims to use the experience for personal growth while maintaining self‑worth. The text also recommends informing parents, seeking help through hotlines like 1‑800‑273‑TALK, and supporting anti‑bullying initiatives."}
{"id": "4427aff0c1f7d860b2fb8cc36efc67aa6ed0103a4c3f3ac7f6d841e26cbe3a08", "source": "A large portion of the Arctic Ocean is rapidly shifting toward an Atlantic climate, a Norwegian study has found. Scientists fear the changes, occurring in the northern Barents Sea, may be too far along to reverse, which could impact Arctic ecosystems and weather phenomena across Europe and Asia.\nScientists at Norway’s Institute of Marine Research in Tromso and the University of Bergen published their results on Monday in the journal Nature Climate Change.\nThe northern Barents Sea lies to the north of Scandinavia and east of the remote Svalbard archipelago, an unincorporated area of Norway. The area – referred to by researchers as “the Arctic warming hot spot” – is one of the fastest-warming regions of the ocean in world. Since 2000, temperatures in the northern Barents Sea have risen by 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit, The Washington Post.\nWaters in the Arctic Ocean are typically stratified – cold, fresher waters characteristic of an Arctic climate stay on top, while warmer, saltier waters originating from the Atlantic remain below. The layers, maintained by differences in density between the fresher and more saline waters, prevent heat from the warmer waters below from escaping into the atmosphere, reports The Washington Post.\nThe team based their analysis on ocean temperature and salinity data collected every year between 1970 and 2016. They also used satellite data from the National Snow and Ice Data Centre to examine changes in sea ice cover.\nThe data showed that a decreasing amount of sea ice in the northern Barents Sea is providing the area with less fresh water. As a result, warmer Atlantic waters extend higher towards the ocean’s surface, making the sea warmer and saltier.\n“Less sea ice inflow from the interior Arctic has caused a 40% freshwater loss in the northern Barents Sea, leading to weaker stratification and increased vertical mixing with the deep Atlantic layer,” lead author Dr Sigrid Lind, from the Institute of Marine Research, said in a statement.\n“Heat is brought up from the deep Atlantic layer, resulting in a dramatically warm Arctic layer,” Lind explained. “This can explain why the northern Barents Sea has become the hotspot of Arctic warming after the mid-2000s.”\nScientists warned in the study that if the freshwater input does not return to previous levels, “the entire region could soon have a warm and well-mixed water column structure and be part of the Atlantic domain,” noting that this would be “a historically rare moment.”\nLind told The Washington Post that the changes may be too far along to reverse: “What we show is the sea ice will probably move out of the Barents Sea completely and not come back,” she said.\nIf this were to occur, experts say it could impact Arctic marine ecosystems as well as weather patterns in Europe and Asia.\nJennifer Francis, an Arctic expert at Rutgers University, told The Washington Post that ice loss in the Barents Sea could affect the atmospheric jet stream, resulting in more extreme winter weather.\nThe changes could lead to “persistent cold spells over East Asia and a disrupted stratospheric polar vortex,” Francis said. “We saw this happen in spades this past winter.”", "summary": "A Norwegian study published in Nature Climate Change reports that the northern Barents Sea, identified as an Arctic warming hot spot, has experienced a 2.7 °F temperature rise since 2000 due to a 40% loss of freshwater from reduced sea‑ice inflow, weakening stratification and allowing warmer, saltier Atlantic water to mix upward. Researchers warn that continued freshwater loss could transform the region into a fully Atlantic‑dominated water column, potentially disrupting Arctic marine ecosystems and altering weather patterns across Europe and Asia, including more extreme winter conditions."}
{"id": "454bf31c4a1391b64d1a1b0cdab38c8710f0764fd02b5ad6107df79da91661a5", "source": "Earlier in the summer at the European Geosciences Union in Vienna I learned about two dead-easy and great science communication tools for conferences. These are great for any conference hall or meeting, but could be just as easily be used in the classroom to make a more exciting in class research presentations. For better or worse, most of us are carrying them (or looking at them!) right now: a smart screen or cell phone.\nThe EGU conference uses smart screens in their innovative PICO (Presenting Interactive COntent) sessions. Every PICO author first presents orally in a 2-minute science blitz and then has a smart screen pre-loaded with a dynamic presentation to discuss further with colleagues. Simple and effective.\nWhile I was a traditional poster session, Hannes Müller Schmied of Frankfurt University pulled out his cell phone to show me some additional visualizations (in this case global hydrologic model results posted on their website – this was connected to his poster with a QR code!). It was great to for him to be able to walk me through the results right there rather than be limited by the static images on his poster. We immediately realized this should be called micro-PICO!\nThanks EGU for teaching me about two super simple and effective science communication tools, which I hope will cross the pond to AGU and other meetings.\nOriginally posted on Water Underground.", "summary": "At the European Geosciences Union meeting in Vienna, the author observed two simple science communication tools: smart screens used in PICO (Presenting Interactive COntent) sessions, where presenters give a brief oral overview followed by a dynamic, pre‑loaded screen for discussion, and cell phones, exemplified by Hannes Müller Schmied who used his phone to display additional visualizations linked to his poster via a QR code, creating a \"micro‑PICO\" experience. The author suggests these tools could enhance classroom presentations and be adopted at other conferences."}
{"id": "45925949fbd0da20e9153140e38ded589c1c8c116bd2f69c527a5e654692a460", "source": "Executive Function Program\nOur team members are recognized for their expertise in problems involving executive function, but it’s their personal approach to care that has the greatest impact on patients.\nThe Executive Function Program provides advanced care for patients with known or suspected neurological disorders, injuries, or other conditions which affect aspects of executive function.\nExecutive function refers to the collection of abilities related to behavior control and cognition, including skills such as:\n|• Appropriate control over impulses and emotions\n• Ability to flexibly shift between ideas and activities\n• Ability to plan and organize\n|| • Capacity to hold and manipulate information actively in working memory\n• Ability to react appropriately in social situations\nA child with executive function difficulties may exhibit an inconsistent performance in school for example, and may have trouble “putting the brakes on” behavior, thoughts, and emotional reactions.\nThe disorder affects every child differently, and a pediatric specialist should diagnose the condition to rule out other causes of behavior problems or related concerns. Children with the following conditions are frequently referred to us for evaluation:\nGerard Gioia, PhD, and Lauran Kensorthy, PhD, specialists from Children’s National, authored an innovative set of measures that assess the difficulties of children and adults with these concerns in everyday environments — the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)\nThe Executive Function clinic uses the BRIEF tool to assess the role of the executive functions and attention in affecting the lives of our patients.\nChildren evaluated in the clinic complete one half-day of testing, and families typically receive feedback on their child’s performance the same day. Feedback includes extensive, individual recommendations for helping your child overcome specific areas of difficulty.\nBack to top - Departments & Programs - Children's National Medical Center", "summary": "The Executive Function Program at Children’s National provides advanced assessment and care for patients, especially children, with neurological disorders or injuries that impact executive functions such as impulse control, emotional regulation, flexible thinking, planning, working memory, and social behavior. The clinic uses the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) to evaluate these abilities, offering half‑day testing and same‑day feedback with individualized recommendations. Pediatric specialists diagnose these difficulties to differentiate them from other behavior problems."}
{"id": "482f20b411af3a5528238b1ca64a3a1dc02648e84da2c8d2f5b447814809901f", "source": "02 May Answers to your questions!\nBeing ecological is popular and a lot easier than it once was. Today’s generation is increasingly aware of the importance of preserving the environment and protecting the nature that surrounds us. Small, simple measures can make a huge difference. In other words, our lifestyle can impact our planet.\nIf you’d like to embark on a more ecological lifestyle, composting is a good place to start, as you can get going in a flash, easily making it part of your daily routine. All organic materials you compost rather than throw in the garbage will be used to enrich the soil. To do it right, however, there are a number of things to be taken into account. Got questions on this subject? The answers to these most frequently asked questions will help you with your daily organic waste collections!\nI AM ALREADY COMPOSTING. AM I STILL REQUIRED TO PARTICIPATE IN THE TOWN OF ROSEMÈRE’S ORGANIC WASTE PICK-UPS?\nOf course, the Town encourages you to keep making your own compost, while disposing of organic materials not recovered in household composting (animal waste, fats, soiled fibres, etc.) in your brown bin. The brown bin then becomes a welcome complement to your composting efforts, helping you further reduce the amount of waste you produce! See the blog on this subject for the list of materials accepted in the brown bin.\nHOW TO AVOID ODOURS, THE PROLIFERATION OF GRUBS AND THE PRESENCE OF ANIMALS?\nTo limit odours related to organic waste, the Town of Rosemère will conduct pick-ups every Monday, year-round. In addition, the Town has fitted the bins with a lock that will prevent small animals from opening them. Here are a few tips to help you avoid odours, the proliferation of grubs and the presence of animals:\n– Have your bin emptied every week, even if it is not full, by putting it out by the side of the street.\n– Wrap your moist food waste, meat and bones in a paper bag or newsprint.\n– Line your brown bin with a paper bag designed for this purpose or put newsprint on the bottom of the bin.\n– Place your bin in the shade, especially in summer.\n– When your bin is empty, rinse it from time to time, using water and vinegar or baking soda.\nWHO OWNS THE BROWN BIN AND KITCHEN MINI-BIN?\nThe brown bin belongs to the Town of Rosemère and is assigned to your address, its cost being amortized thanks to municipal taxes. If you move, clean the bin and leave it in your driveway. The kitchen minibin will not be replaced should it be broken or lost.\nWHAT TO DO IF YOUR BROWN BIN IS BROKEN OR STOLEN?\nIf your brown bin is defective, broken or stolen, contact the Public Works and Environment Department at 450 621-3500, ext. 3300.\nWHAT IS GREEN WASTE?\nGreen waste includes dead leaves, lawn clippings small branches and residue from flowerbeds. It will be picked up every Monday, i.e., the same time as the organic waste pick-up.\nWHAT CONTAINERS CAN I USE FOR GREEN WASTE IF THE BROWN BIN IS INSUFFICIENT? AND AM I REQUIRED TO PROVIDE THEM?\nBasically, you provide the containers used for the pick-up of green waste. You can use paper bags, cardboard boxes or reusable containers (except for the grey and blue bins) identified with a sticker provided by the Town of Rosemère. You ca obtain additional stickers from the Technical Services, Public Works and Environment Department at 450 621-3500, ext. 3300.", "summary": "The Town of Rosemère encourages residents to continue personal composting while using the municipal brown bin for organic waste that cannot be composted at home, such as animal waste, fats, and soiled fibres. Weekly pick‑ups on Mondays, bin locks, and tips like wrapping moist waste, lining bins with paper, shading bins, and occasional rinsing help prevent odors, grubs, and animal intrusion. The brown bin is owned by the town and funded by taxes; the kitchen mini‑bin is not replaced if lost. Green waste (leaves, lawn clippings, small branches, flowerbed residue) is also collected on Mondays, and residents must provide their own containers marked with town‑issued stickers."}
{"id": "48af2bebbc15ad115c4e1f2f5d85faf53ccc526fd2dd56ef79cbf38fd75d239d", "source": "St. Ignatius of Loyola Parish (Boston College)/Sanctuary windows\n|Tour of the Art & Architecture of St. Ignatius Church|\nThe Art and Architecture of St. Ignatius Church describes the north window as follows:\n- \"The three windows on the Epistle side of the altar recall the three sacrifices of the Old Testament that prefigured the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass. The window nearest the altar portrays the Patriarch Abraham preparing to sacrifice Isaac in obedience to God's command. Here, too, is picture the angle divinely sent to stay the hand of Abraham, since God was only testing Abraham's willingness to obey. The center window of the group presents the sacrifice of Melchisedech, the first priest mentioned in the Bible to offer bread and wine. The last window on this side depicts the slaying of the Paschal Lamb. in the background of this window is seen a family seated at the table while the father is painting the doorpost with the blood of the lamb to escape the avenging hand of God.\"\nThe Art and Architecture of St. Ignatius Church describes the south window as follows:\n- \"The first window on the Gospel side of the altar presents Moses viewing the descent of the manna which God sent from heaven to feed the Israelites. The middle window shows Christ blessing the bread at the miracle of the multiplication of the loaves and fishes. The third window depicts the disciples at the supper table at Emmaus when the recognized Our Lord in the breaking of the bread.\"\nSacrifice of Isaac\nSacrifice of Melchizedek\nThe stained glass windows in the church made by Edward W. Heimer & Company of Paterson, New Jersey and were installed in the church in 1949.\nThis article is a Stub. You can help out by expanding the article.", "summary": "The sanctuary windows of St. Ignatius Church at Boston College, created by Edward W. Heimer & Company and installed in 1949, depict Old and New Testament sacrificial themes: on the Epistle side, three north windows show Abraham’s intended sacrifice of Isaac (interrupted by an angel), the priestly offering of Melchizedek with bread and wine, and the Paschal Lamb with a family marking a doorpost with its blood; on the Gospel side, three south windows portray Moses receiving manna, Christ blessing the loaves and fishes, and the disciples recognizing Jesus at Emmaus during the breaking of bread."}
{"id": "49f2a1bdb9c82b0b6bbb8bbcafd30da08b1fe8c7b47466c050e958ec5c604227", "source": "Baby had been listened to music by parents since she was still in the womb, you can continue to keep listening music to baby after she is birth. Babies who usually listens music as long as she was still in the womb tend to be easy calmed when she gets fussy. You can also get used to baby to listen music when she wants to sleep.\nThe recent research shows that listening music to baby is one of the best ways to learn about rhythm, movement, and voices for babies and children.\nMost babies at 6 months old feel happy when are swung in your lap or you can wiggle her body by following to the beat. Baby can also imitate music by hitting her toys to the table or by producing happy sounds using her mouth. Baby likes to play with her toys that can produce sounds since it will draw her attention to more and more making sounds using the toys.\nThere are numerous toys that can produce sounds or music, but your baby may more like the simple objects that are also able to produce various sounds, such as frying pan, tin, or bucket that can be acted as a drum to be hit by spoon. By this way, baby will learn about causal matter; when baby hits objects, it will produce sounds.\nAnother way to provide home-toys for baby you can fill the bottle with beans or dried paste and close it. Baby will enjoy the sounds produced when the bottle is moved. But, you have to assure that the bottle won’t be opened, because if it is opened it can endanger baby since the small objects inside it can be swallowed by baby and it is really dangerous. You can also teach baby to hold 2 plastic bowls then slap it to each other. She must be like it, in this way you also teach baby to clap.\nListen and produce many sounds can help baby to recognize sounds and patterns of conversation. You can help baby to develop her hearing skill, that will need when she’ll learn to talk, by conducting ‘musical conversation’ with her. Give your baby a rattle, you also have a rattle in your hand, then shake your rattle and baby will respond it by following you shaking her rattle.\nSongs that are using when you play a game with baby will help baby to remember when is the time to clap when you sing certain song. Also, by tapping the rhythm from words that are sung, you have helped baby to remember words and to use it in the conversation later. Baby also can enjoy the rhythm when sitting on your lap while your feet are tapped following to the beat of the rhythm. Encourage baby to make a move, to sing, or to play her rattle toy when she is listening music.\nMost of babies at this period of age like to stand, and you can make this moment to do dancing with baby as a fun activity between you and her. The choice of music is up to you, but it is better if it is suited with the kind of movements. Generally, baby will imitate your behavior when dancing, and it will help her to increase her skills in coordinating her body parts.", "summary": "The document claims that exposing babies to music from the womb onward can calm them, aid rhythm and movement learning, and support early language development. It suggests using simple sound‑producing objects (e.g., pans, buckets, bean‑filled bottles) and interactive musical play such as rattles, clapping, and dancing to encourage imitation, causal understanding, and auditory pattern recognition. The author advises safe toy construction and matching music to movement, noting that babies often enjoy these activities and may develop coordination and speech skills through musical interaction."}
{"id": "4b37720219720da2bfc4a4905a45f0f86f8ffbfd461452ee1b5abbc3e66a4574", "source": "Buzz marketing involves creating a trend among people through word of mouth to generate sales for a product. In other words, markets create a “Buzz” among target audience and spread through word of mouth and generate sales for the organization. As an example, if a celebrity wears a certain branded clothing and attend a public gathering, that will create a buzz among fans of that particular celebrity and it will spread among customers by word of mouth instantly.\nBuzz marketing is a commonly used marketing method in modern world as it is cost effective and faster than other means. It uses strategies such as celebrity appearance, public occasions such as musical shows, voluntary and paid buzzers and many other means to create the buzz about product. Even though buzz marketing seems to be a new concept in modern marketing it was practiced in early days but in modern marketing practice of buzz marketing has expanded to make use of its cost effectiveness.\nFor a buzz marketing campaign to be effective organization should get the people to talk about their product in a positive manner which will persuade the listener to purchase and spread the message along.\nThere are many advantages of using buzz marketing such as:\n- Cost effectiveness- Buzz marketing does not have major cost apart from costs involved in paid buzzers if any.\n- Speed- Buzz marketing is a faster mode of marketing as the word of mouth about a product spreads faster than TV commercials and other adversing means.\n- Buzz marketing campaigns are easy to be set up as it requires less effort such as initialing the buzz through celerity or other means.\n- Buzz marketing effectively cater to the target market as people will always spread the buzz among people whom they think will have an interest on the product. This will work as a filtering method from buzz spreading to non-targeted people.\n- It increases the brand awareness and the reputation of the company quickly.\nThere can be disadvantages of using buzz marketing such as:\n- Negative buzz- Like the positive news spread fast if there are any negative news about the product it will spread faster than positive news as humans tend to spread bad news fast. (Bad news has wings)\n- Human error- By nature humans make errors in communication. They edit the original message of a product to a message which will favor them. Original buzz reaches the audience in as different message. (Selective Distortion)\n- Selective attention- Humans listen to messages only of their interest and this will delay the buzz spreading process.\n- Over buzz created will result in loss of control where there may be situations such as stock outs resulting in customer disatisfaction.\n- When the company wishes to stop the buzz campaign it will be impossible to stop as people will not stop talking about the products.\n- Buzz marketing campaigns can be easily imitated by competitors or they can spread negative buzz to destroy the buzz marketing effort.", "summary": "Buzz marketing generates sales by creating word‑of‑mouth trends, often using celebrities, public events, or paid buzzers to spark rapid, cost‑effective promotion. Its advantages include low cost, speed, easy setup, targeted reach, and quick brand awareness, while drawbacks involve the risk of negative or distorted messages, selective attention, loss of control (e.g., stock outs), difficulty halting the campaign, and vulnerability to competitor imitation."}
{"id": "4b6b06759055964bb0ddb088b244a6fd8fd3283b269e4ffd8e7345e593b916f1", "source": "by Allis Nellis\nThe Seven Ravens is a fairytale about a young girl who decides to save her brothers from a curse which was brought upon them by their mother. It's a tale of courage, strong will, the power of language and true love. The protagonist is a young girl Bohdanka who was born to the grief-stricken family of a baker, whose wife cursed their seven sons in an outburst of rage many years ago and turned them into ravens. The parents keep this tragedy secret from Bohdanka. On the cusp of adulthood, Bohdanka learns about the family curse and decides to save her brothers. She is advised by a local witch to sew shirts for them. But not just any shirts - she has to pick nettles, process the fibers into fabric, and make every stitch herself. The girl sets out for a long journey to fulfill her mission.", "summary": "The Seven Ravens, a fairytale by Allis Nellis, follows Bohdanka, a young baker's daughter, who discovers that her mother cursed her seven brothers into ravens. Determined to free them, she learns from a witch that she must hand‑sew shirts from nettle fibers, stitching each herself, and embarks on a long journey to break the curse."}
{"id": "4da0d1896e0642b0bb56d5b9b26fb56b2d03e7c56cc93a49096cc024ff5b2f0c", "source": "|Your students already love Granny's Candies, so indulge their sweet tooth again with Card Set 2 Vocabulary and Figurative Language. Use this add-on set with the original Granny's Candies board game. |\nSet 2 includes 672 semantic skills cards (3\" x 1\") (84 for each skill area):\n- Name a word similar to this one. (Synonyms)\n- Name a word opposite of this one. (Opposites)\n- Give two meanings for this word. (Homonyms)\n- What do these words mean? (Homophones)\n- What do these words mean? (Heteronyms)\n- What does this phrase mean? (Idioms)\n- What does this phrase mean? (Similes)\n- What does this sentence mean? (Metaphors)\nSet 2 also includes a reproducible Activity Book with lessons, activities, and games. Your students are in for a yummy treat!\n*NOTE! Set 2 does not include game board, candy tokens, and die.", "summary": "Granny's Candies Card Set 2 is an add‑on for the original board game, offering 672 semantic skill cards (84 per skill) covering synonyms, opposites, homonyms, homophones, heteronyms, idioms, similes, and metaphors, plus a reproducible activity book with lessons and games; the set does not include the game board, candy tokens, or die."}
{"id": "4e537c2871d21578e6521fe3c7cc6ccf63fbcdccc5106b316283da6558129a76", "source": "CITIES’ CRIME PREVENTION GUIDELINE BY UN AGENCIES\nErle Frayne D. Argonza\nCities can be made safer as shown by big cities such as New York and Manila where crime rates have significantly dropped in recent years. Such local peace & order initiatives just recently received a greater boost as United Nations agencies launched a Safer Cities Program.\nThe UN-Habitat and UNODC in particular officially released the guideline for crime prevention in urban areas entitled Introductory Handbook on Policing Urban Space. The guideline is tailor fit for rapidly growing cities in poor and middle income developing countries.\nIn my opinion, this book is a must-read by the police and LGUs of affected cities. The report is reflected below. Relevant agencies as well as policy & governance think-tanks better take hold of the book by contacting the UN agencies concerned.\n[Philippines, 06 October 2011]\nUN-HABITAT and UNODC release guidelines to help prevent crime in urban areas.\nNairobi, Kenya, 14 Sept 11\nUnder the Safer Cities Program, UNODC and UNHABITAT have issued a handbook to help prevent crime in cities and towns. The handbook, entitled Introductory Handbook on Policing Urban Space provides policy makers and practitioners, including government officials, police, municipal planners and members of civic groups, with strategies and good governance practices to help understand crime and crime prevention patterns in order to better control crime trends in rapidly growing cities in low- and middle-income countries.\nAmong the promising practices highlighted in the handbook are: state officials must establish links between police and other state institutions in order to effectively incorporate security concerns into wider government efforts; city planners should contribute to discussions about security and develop relations with police; and collaboration between urban planners, civil society, government officials, police and communities is essential in combating crime.\nThe handbook examines a variety of crime control strategies, including community-oriented policing, problem-oriented policing, intelligence-led policing, situational crime prevention and crime prevention through environmental design. It also addresses broader principles of managing urban spaces to control crime and strategies for evaluating crime control programmes.\nThe handbook includes references to efforts to control crime in the following countries: Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Mexico, South Africa, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America.\nPEACE, DEVELOPMENT & SOCIETY LINKS:\nhttp://erleargonza.blogspot.com, http://unladtau.wordpress.com, http://www.facebook.com, http://www.newciv.org, http://sta.rtup.biz, http://magicalsecretgarden.socialparadox.com, http://en.netlog.com/erlefrayne, http://www.blogster.com/erleargonza, http://www.articlesforfree.net, http://ipeace.us, http://internationalpeaceandconflict.org, http://www.blogleaf.com/erleargonza, http://erleargonza.seekopia.com, http://lovingenergies.spruz.com, http://multiply.com/erleargonza, http://www.blogleaf.com/erleargonza, http://talangguro.blogfree.net", "summary": "The United Nations‑Habitat and UNODC released an \"Introductory Handbook on Policing Urban Space\" under the Safer Cities Program to aid crime prevention in rapidly growing low‑ and middle‑income cities, offering strategies such as community‑oriented, problem‑oriented, intelligence‑led policing and environmental design, and emphasizing collaboration among police, planners, civil society and government. The handbook cites examples from countries including Brazil, Canada, Kenya, India and the United States, and aims to integrate security concerns into broader urban governance."}
{"id": "4f4ddb44947670408c7566279ba3849a10aee657904c32745932cc0da544ff2b", "source": "![if !IE]> <![endif]>\nThe word ‘science’ has its root in the Latin verb scientia, meaning “to know”. In Tamil language, it is ‘அறிவியல்’ (Ariviyal) meaning ‘knowing the truth’. The human mind is always curious to know and understand different phenomena like the bright celestial objects in nature, cyclic changes in the seasons, occurrence of rainbow, etc. The inquisitive mind looks for meaningful patterns and relations in such phenomena. Today’s modern science and technology is an offshoot of the understanding of nature. Science is the systematic organization of knowledge gained through observation, experimentation and logical reasoning. The knowledge of science dealing with non-living things is physical science (Physics and Chemistry), and that dealing with living things is biological science (Botany, Zoology etc.).\nCuriosity-driven observations of natural happenings was the origin of science. The word ‘science’ was coined only in the 19th century. Natural philosophy was the earlier name given to science, when ancient civilization knew and practised astronomy, chemistry, human physiology and agriculture. Oral communication was the mode of conveying knowledge when writing systems were not yet developed. One of the oldest forerunners of scientific advancements, from astronomy to medicine, were the Egyptians. Scientific and mathematical excellence in India dates back to prehistoric human activity in the Indus Valley Civilization (3300 - 1300 BCE).\nThe scientific method is a step-by-step approach in studying natural phenomena and establishing laws which govern these phenomena. Any scientific method involves the following general features.\ni. Controlled experimentation\nii. Qualitative and quantitative reasoning\niii. Mathematical modeling\niv. Prediction and verification or falsification of theories\nConsider a metalic rod being heated. When one end of the rod is heated, heat is felt at the other end. The following questions can be asked on this observation\ni. What happens within the rod when it is heated?\nii. How does the heat reach the other end?\niii. Is this effect true for all materials?\niv. If heat flows through the material, is it possible to visualize heat?\nThe process of finding the answers to these queries is scientific investigation.\nThe basic phenomenon of heat is discussed in unit 8.\nCopyright © 2018-2023 BrainKart.com; All Rights Reserved. Developed by Therithal info, Chennai.", "summary": "The text explains that ‘science’, derived from Latin ‘scientia’, means to know, and in Tamil is ‘அறிவியல்’ (Ariviyal). It describes science as systematic knowledge from observation, experimentation, and reasoning, dividing it into physical (physics, chemistry) and biological (botany, zoology) sciences. It notes that curiosity-driven observation led to science, formerly called natural philosophy, with early contributions from Egyptians and the Indus Valley Civilization. The scientific method involves controlled experiments, qualitative and quantitative reasoning, mathematical modeling, and theory testing, illustrated by a heated metal rod example."}
{"id": "4f8a0d470f7d4cf20694915a6ee9a110a221f0ffce828a0b53b71e37a39033b3", "source": "New research: Sustainable indigenous housing in regional and remote Australia\nA new report released 4 November, undertaken by University of Adelaide researcher Dr Megan Mokos and others from the University of Sydney and University of Tasmania examines the sustainability of Indigenous housing in regional and remote Australia.\nThe research explores how housing stock can be maintained at high levels over time while considering the impacts of climate change and ensuring positive health and wellbeing outcomes for householders.\nThe report finds that current regional and remote Indigenous housing stock is unable to provide consistently healthy and comfortable indoor environments. Operating and maintenance costs are three times greater for remote housing than in capital cities, so developing strategies to reduce these costs is a key goal. The adoption of life-cycle costing (LCC) frameworks offer potential to reduce expensive responsive repair work while guaranteeing amenity to householders.\nThis report also finds attention to climate change is not yet a feature of Indigenous housing and infrastructure agreements, with inadequate funding and attention paid to climate preparedness in new builds, refurbishments and retrofit programs. This is despite the impact of extreme temperature on both householder wellbeing and health hardware.", "summary": "A report released on 4 November by researchers from the University of Adelaide, University of Sydney and University of Tasmania examines the sustainability of Indigenous housing in regional and remote Australia, finding that current stock fails to provide consistently healthy indoor environments and incurs operating and maintenance costs three times higher than in capital cities. The authors recommend life‑cycle costing frameworks to lower repair expenses and improve amenity, and note that climate‑change considerations are largely absent from housing agreements, with insufficient funding for climate‑ready construction, refurbishment and retrofits despite the health impacts of extreme temperatures."}
{"id": "4fdfd4ec6a536c0a18532dc656597fb50b8f10f9b0e0b56ea27b58c504655a63", "source": "What you'll learn\n- How to Initiate a process of self-examination about your mindset and beliefs about issues of equity in education\n- How to have courageous conversations about difference\n- Blind spots that we all have and how they affect teaching and learning\n- Leadership strategies that will help promote the success of all students at high levels\nSchools that are genuinely inclusive and that promote excellence for all require leaders who understand the intersection of race, identity, power, and privilege in society and in the classroom.\nIn this module, you will embark on a journey of self-examination about your own beliefs, gain a deeper understanding of the blind spots we all hold, and learn to lead courageous conversations about difference. You will study best practices in leading for excellence and equity, including those that build the capacity of teachers and principals to recognize and honor the potential in all children.\nThe Certificate in Advanced Education Leadership (CAEL) provides education leaders with the skills to create transformational, system-level change. The completion of this module applies towards receiving the CAEL certificate.\nHarvard Graduate School of Education\nYou may also like\n- Learn what is involved in using data wisely to build a culture of collaborative inquiry. ...", "summary": "The document describes a module in Harvard Graduate School of Education’s Certificate in Advanced Education Leadership (CAEL) that guides educators through self‑examination of their mindsets on equity, identification of blind spots, and facilitation of courageous conversations about race, identity, power, and privilege. It outlines leadership strategies to promote inclusive, high‑achievement schools and builds capacity for teachers and principals to recognize every child’s potential, with the module counting toward the CAEL certificate."}
{"id": "50b176a44ea4b608e00f2619a3c5fdb8da7ef7ec6842d292655e3d7783ba459b", "source": "- WEB EXCLUSIVE\n- PE COFFEEHAUS\nElectronics recyclers have a new guide on how to run safe and environmentally protective recycling operations. The EPA, as part of a group of recycling stakeholders, on Friday released the Responsible Recycling (R2) Practices for Use in Accredited Certification Programs for Electronics Recyclers.\nThe R2 guide lists 13 principles to help electronics recyclers ensure their material is handled safely and legally in the U.S. and foreign countries. It calls on recyclers to establish a management system for environmental and worker safety; develop a policy that promotes reuse and material recovery over landfill or incineration; and use practices that reduce exposures or emissions during recycling operations. The principles also call for recyclers to use diligence to assure appropriate management of materials throughout the recycling chain, including materials that are exported to foreign countries.\nThe workgroup that developed the guidelines represent federal and state governments, electronics manufacturers and recyclers, and trade associations. The workgroup said in a press release it intends to now shift its focus toward establishing a certification process, which will allow consumers easily to recognize responsible recyclers in the marketplace.", "summary": "The EPA and a coalition of recycling stakeholders released the Responsible Recycling (R2) Practices guide, outlining 13 principles for electronics recyclers to ensure safe, legal handling of materials in the U.S. and abroad. The guide urges recyclers to implement environmental and worker safety management systems, prioritize reuse and material recovery over landfill or incineration, minimize emissions, and maintain diligent oversight throughout the recycling chain, including exports. The developing workgroup, representing government, manufacturers, recyclers, and trade groups, plans to create a certification process to help consumers identify responsible recyclers."}
{"id": "50c822b057d35a7b4829587de5b3df55cfc40e1969493925bf82b143d5ae41bb", "source": "1. a. A place or position where a person or thing stands or is assigned to stand; a post: a sentry station.\nb. An area where a person is assigned to work.\n2. The place, building, or establishment from which a service is provided or operations are directed: a police\n3. A stopping place along a route, especially a stop for refueling or for taking on passengers; a depot.\n4. Social position; rank: \"He was degraded in their eyes; he had lost caste and station before the very paupers\" (Charles Dickens).\n5. An establishment equipped for observation and study: a radar station.\nThe Old Grain Mill, still grists grain for the public. A great place to stop\nand visit while passing through Floyd, VA.", "summary": "The document defines \"station\" as a place or position where someone stands or works, a service or operational base, a stopping point on a route, a social rank, or an observation facility, and then notes that the Old Grain Mill in Floyd, VA continues to grind grain for the public and serves as a notable stop for visitors."}
{"id": "50e12dc4bbc8abaa499770e352e319d07f03b26fe3d7e2f6a60df64497b54b11", "source": "Structs (C# Programming Guide)\nStructs are defined using the struct keyword, for example:\nStructs share almost all the same syntax as classes, although structs are more limited than classes:\nWithin a struct declaration, fields cannot be initialized unless they are declared as const or static.\nA struct may not declare a default constructor —a constructor with no parameters — or a destructor.\nCopies of structs are created and destroyed automatically by the compiler, so a default constructor and destructor are unnecessary. In effect, the compiler implements the default constructor by assigning all the fields of their default values (see Default Values Table). Structs cannot inherit from classes or other structs.\nStructs are value types — when an object is created from a struct and assigned to a variable, the variable contains the entire value of the struct. When a variable containing a struct is copied, all of the data is copied, and any modification to the new copy does not change the data for the old copy. Because structs do not use references, they do not have identity — there is no way to distinguish between two instances of a value type with the same data. All value types in C# inherently derive from, which inherits from .\nValue types can be converted to reference types by the compiler in a process known as boxing. For more information, see Boxing and Unboxing.\nStructs have the following properties:\nStructs are value types while classes are reference types.\nUnlike classes, structs can be instantiated without using a new operator.\nStructs can declare constructors, but they must take parameters.\nA struct cannot inherit from another struct or class, and it cannot be the base of a class. All structs inherit directly from System.ValueType, which inherits from System.Object.\nA struct can implement interfaces.\nFor more information:", "summary": "The document explains C# structs, which are value types defined with the struct keyword and inherit directly from System.ValueType. Unlike classes, structs cannot have parameterless constructors, destructors, or field initializers unless the fields are const or static, and they cannot inherit from other structs or classes. Struct instances contain the full value, are copied by value, and lack identity, though they can implement interfaces and be instantiated without the new operator. Conversions to reference types occur via boxing."}
{"id": "5284e149e1938cae50a5a4f8c1343660b0a1bce4e02bc417b3d998fc8fba06df", "source": "There are clusters of guitar solo techniques and you should study each to be a guitar soloist. Example of technique is using the vibrato by making a sound of a strum longer by wiggling the string to be strummed. Hammer on and pull off are another techniques in learning the guitar solo. If you want to change the note by adding additional finger on the same string in one plucking, then you should use Hammer on.\nBut if you want to use two fingers on one string and produce another note by releasing one finger, then you should go with pull offs. Bending of one string to alter sounds is also a style in guitar solo. Before trying different techniques, you should have first build a good base. You should put up a tune first, followed by a root note which sounds closer to the next key you are going to hit. It would be better to hear if you will have a theme in playing your guitar solo.\nTo play like a rock star, you must learn to play guitar solo. Guitar solo can be played with other instruments or just the guitar itself. In playing the guitar solo, you must do your best for all eyes will be on you.\nThere are lots of guitar solo techniques nowadays. One is using the vibrato where you produce sound of a strum ring longer than usual. It gives a nice fading effect particularly for mellow songs. You can also use hammer on and pull off. Hammer on means changing a note by adding a finger on the same string in one plucking while pull off adds two fingers on the string and produces another note when one finger is release.\nAnother style that guitarist use is bending, which means literally bending the strings to adjust target note into a new sound. It is advised that you should first build a good base before trying these techniques. Putting up a tune and having root sound closer to the next note to hit should be done first. It would be an advantage if you would have a theme in playing guitar solo.\nYou should bear in your heart and in your mind everything in guitar solo. This will drive you to be more creative and passionate. It is not enough to learn the guitar by listening to your mentor. Your effort has a big percentage in doing so. Try everything in learning the guitar. After all, practice makes perfect.\nIn learning to play the guitar solo, you must be passionate and creative enough. Your effort will have a big impact on the process of your learning. Practice is the key in playing guitar solo. You should be creative and maximize everything that you have for you to achieve that title you want to be in playing guitar solo.", "summary": "The document outlines key guitar solo techniques—vibrato, hammer‑on, pull‑off, and string bending—explaining how each alters pitch or sustain, and advises mastering a solid foundation of tuning and root notes before applying them. It emphasizes the importance of having a thematic approach, consistent practice, creativity, and personal effort to become a proficient soloist, whether performing alone or with other instruments."}
{"id": "528d86b43a600e8efe1d3e6ad44cf32708e4391774313b5877a935d6f1892ea0", "source": "A unique study at the U of A.\n\"Back, about 1993, we started studying methanogens as possible life forms on Mars,\" Kral says.\nMicroorganisms, living in a test tube.\nBut can they live on another planet?\nProfessor Kral is trying to answer that question.\n\"Well, this is our Pegasus chamber, it's a vaccuum chamber and we're able to take the pressure down to what we see on the surface of mars,\" Kral says standing next to the piece of machinery.\n\"We could also cool this down to the temperatures on Mars.\"\nKral recently received a grant from NASA, worth nearly $400,000.\n\"This specific grant, I've been trying to get for about 15 years,\" Kral says.\nWhich he, along with his team of researchers, and students can use to curb their curiosity and further their findings.\n\"The bottom line would be to find out if our methanogens, or if some mutant of our methanogens, that might be resistant to radiation, could exist on mars,\" Kral adds.\nNew York native Rebecca Mickol always knew she wanted to study astrobiology, and teaming up with Professor Kral truly allows her to go above and beyond.\n\"Whenever, I go home and people ask what I'm studying, I'm like 'Life on Mars!\" says second-year grad student Rebecca Mickol.\nKral describes the challenge: \"To me, looking for life out there. I can't imagine anything more exciting.\"\nProfessor Kral plans to continue this type of research for the rest of his career.\nResearch that is quite literally -- out of this world.", "summary": "Professor Kral at the University of Arizona is studying methanogens as potential life forms on Mars using a vacuum chamber that simulates Martian pressure and temperature, and a NASA grant of nearly $400,000 to explore radiation‑resistant mutants. Graduate student Rebecca Mickol joins the project, aiming to determine whether these microorganisms could survive on the Martian surface."}
{"id": "52dc0cb60ea0d187ee34261a9fad5de0a8a7fcc4745f74768d42fe0cdd3b0870", "source": "| || || |\n| Zone 5 Herbs in Sault Ste Marie (Zone 4) |\nAnswered by: Conrad Richter\nQuestion from: Zofia Beloshchenko\nPosted on: January 08, 2005\nI received my 2005 herb catalogue and am eagerly planning my garden but I have two questions.\n1) I live in Zone 4 (Goulais River, ON - that’s 40KM north of Sault Ste. Marie, ON), and many of the plants I would like to grow are listed for zones 5 and above. What will happen if I try to grow them anyway?\nIt is possible to \"push\" plants to survive in areas one zone colder than their hardiness ratings indicate. Overwintering conditions such as snow cover, mulch, weather conditions, drainage, and others, all have a role in whether a plant survives a winter or not. You may find that some zone 5 plants survive in your area four years out of five; but in the fifth year the temperatures may drop too low and kill your plants despite your best efforts to protect them.\n2) Some plants and herbs have no zone listing at all. Are they safe to grow anywhere?\nThose are annuals and the zones do not apply to annuals. The zone ratings indicate where overwintering biennials and perennials will survive. In most areas, annuals can be grown successfully provided there are enough frost-free days. Where summers are short, it may be necessary to start the annuals indoors for planting in the garden when the threat of frost is over in spring, just as you would for tomatoes, petunias and marigolds.", "summary": "Conrad Richter advises that zone 5 herbs may sometimes survive in Zone 4 (Goulais River, ON) if winter protection like snow cover, mulch, and good drainage is provided, but success can be inconsistent, with occasional loss in especially cold years. He also explains that plants without zone ratings are typically annuals, which are not limited by hardiness zones and can be grown anywhere given sufficient frost‑free days, though short summers may require starting them indoors before planting."}
{"id": "53019e1c74449d18456450f4f2331ebd4ed17cf769033114c48217d32a801332", "source": "Solar Energy reaches Earth in the form of radiation which provides all living organisms with light and warmth. It can also be used in other ways. Right now it’s used more commonly in order to replace conventional Energy sources like coal, oil or gas.\nSolar collectors use thermal energy from the sun. This is due to the photothermal conversion. They absorb radiation and transfer the heat using a specific medium (usually a liquid, but sometimes also air). Collectors are most often used for heating up water. Models that differ in structure and properties are available. The most popular types include:\nCollectors work in a fairly simple way, and universal usage. They are most popular in souther countries, with high average temperatures and a lot of sunny days per year, but they can also be found in Poland.\nOther method of using solar radiation is photovoltaics. It’s definetly more refined and advanced technology, thanks to which the sun becomes a great source of renewable Energy. Photovoltaic panels transform the Energy of a photon – a unit of light – into electricity. Thanks to thier special construction using photovoltaic panels to generate Energy is simple and completly non invasive.\nPhotovoltaic cells in which the phenomenon leading to the production of electricity takes place are connected in series with each other. Installation of such modules allows you to start producing electricity with sufficient efficiency to cover your whole electricity demand. The panels are maintenance and failure free, which makes tchem very comfortable to use. Apart from the panels the only thing needed in the setup is an inverter which converts direct current produced in the cells into alternate current, needed by devices in your house.\nSolar collectors can be used together with photovoltaic panels creating a hybrid installation\nUżywamy informacji zapisanych za pomocą plików cookies w celu zapewnienia maksymalnej wygody podczas korzystania z naszego serwisu. Jeżeli nie wyrażasz zgody, ustawienia dotyczące plików cookies możesz zmienić w swojej przeglądarce.", "summary": "Solar energy reaches Earth as radiation that provides light and warmth and can replace fossil fuels. Solar thermal collectors absorb sunlight and transfer heat, usually via a liquid, primarily for water heating, and are common in sunny, warm regions but also used in places like Poland. Photovoltaic panels convert photons into electricity, are connected in series, require an inverter to supply AC power, and are described as low‑maintenance. Hybrid systems can combine thermal collectors and photovoltaic panels."}
{"id": "532158a9a8dba905800dcd4245f7def9f29939170a4550f0f33aebfffe68345a", "source": "The last significant expanse of open space between San Francisco and the Great Central Valley\nThe Nature Conservancy’s Mount Hamilton project is not just another pretty space. The 1.5-million-acre conservation project safeguards threatened wildlife habitats while helping to assure the flow of clean water to the San Francisco Bay Area. In addition, protecting these lands from unchecked development preserves the historic way of life of California ranchers.\nIrreplaceable, invaluable, beautiful, Mount Hamilton beckons us to experience the last major stretch of wilderness between Silicon Valley and the Central Valley.\nHabitats and Water Supplies Endangered\nUrban development menaces Mount Hamilton, which is sandwiched between densely populated areas. Conservation efforts here provide a refuge for endangered species such as the San Joaquin kit fox and the bay checkerspot butterfly. Bobcats, mountain lions, tule elk, red-legged frogs and countless birds all make their home in its diverse environments.\nMount Hamilton contains some of the most scenic and also the most vulnerable natural settings in California. It supports majestic oaks, rare native grasses and fields teeming with wildflowers. Streamside forests, woodlands and grasslands form a critical part of the watershed that guarantees a healthy water supply to Bay Area residents.\nIn 1998, The Nature Conservancy began acquiring parcels of land that collectively would maintain the integrity of the ecosystem of Mount Hamilton. We partnered with other organizations and individuals to knit together public and private lands across a landscape that spans six counties.\nRecent additions include a generous donation by the Hewlett and Packard families of a crucial link between these lands—a conservation easement on the 28,359-acre San Felipe Ranch—as well as the Willson Ranch, 1,557 acres between the Department of Fish and Game’s Rancho Canada de los Osos Reserve and Henry W. Coe State Park.\nThe Future of Mount Hamilton\nThe Nature Conservancy has made great strides in protecting this essential resource by implementing innovative strategies, and we continue to pursue conservation opportunities in the area, as well as to monitor threats to Mount Hamilton and the people and wildlife it serves.\n- Conserving the Upper Pajaro River Floodplain. Our work in this area preserves the wildlife corridor between the Diablo Range and the Santa Cruz Mountains. Corridors, increasingly vital to many species as they are forced to adapt to climate change, help perpetuate the genetic diversity of large mammals and other wildlife.\n- Partnering with Ranchers. We are intensifying our support of ranchers around Mount Hamilton, helping them confront the challenges presented by encroaching development. At the same time, we stress ranching practices that are compatible with maintaining the region’s distinctive diversity of life.\n- Assessing the Impact of Infrastructure Development. The Nature Conservancy is working to ensure that transportation projects to serve California’s growing population, including the proposed high-speed rail between Los Angeles and the Bay Area, do not destroy the richness that is Mount Hamilton.\n- Project Area: 1.5 million acres\n- Acquisitions: more than 100,000 acres\n- Location: in the central Diablo Range east of San Jose (Santa Clara, San Benito, Alameda, Stanislaus and Merced Counties)\n- Plant Species: valley oak savanna, blue oak woodlands, chaparral, coast range ponderosa pine\n- Animal Species: bobcats, mountain lions, the San Joaquin kit fox, badgers, golden eagles, wintering bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, California tiger salamanders, red-legged frogs, western pond turtles, steelhead, rainbow trout, foothill yellow-legged frogs, bay checkerspot butterflies", "summary": "The Nature Conservancy’s Mount Hamilton project protects a 1.5‑million‑acre stretch of wilderness between Silicon Valley and the Central Valley, safeguarding habitats for species such as the San Joaquin kit fox, bay checkerspot butterfly, bobcats, mountain lions, tule elk and red‑legged frogs, while preserving water supplies for the San Francisco Bay Area. Since 1998 the organization has acquired over 100,000 acres, including a 28,359‑acre conservation easement on San Felipe Ranch and the 1,557‑acre Willson Ranch, and works with ranchers, monitors infrastructure impacts, and maintains wildlife corridors across six counties."}
{"id": "54404730b7fdd2530cd689a4f2b6b6eb3952bbc650be99f0d82df3f2da4a57a8", "source": "Post Traumatic Amnesia (PTA)\nDisclaimer: This information sheet is for education purposes only. Please consult with your doctor or other health professional to make sure this information is right for your child.\nWhat is PTA?\nWhen a child/young person is `waking up' after coma, they may present in a confused or disorientated state. This period is referred to as posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) and is one of the stages of recovery after a traumatic brain injury.\nPTA can last for hours, days or weeks depending upon the severity of the brain injury. When a child/young person is in PTA, they are unable to remember day-to-day events that have occurred, such as who came to visit them in hospital. They usually can remember up to the time of injury but have problems remembering what happened afterwards. Children/young people in PTA are often confused and disorientated which means they may not know where they are or what time of day it is. Most children/young people come out of PTA, even in the most severe cases.\nWhat to do to help your child in PTA\nIt is important that when a child/young person is in PTA that they are in an environment where they are not over stimulated. They may not be able to cope with too much noise or activity. For this reason, it may be necessary to limit the number of visitors to one or two at a time. If they are agitated or restless and at risk of climbing out of bed, it may be necessary for their mattress to be on the floor whilst in hospital.\nThe positive aspect of PTA is that the child/young person will usually not remember much of what has happened to them during this time. Little pockets of memory may surface but most of this time will not be remembered.\nHow do you test PTA?\nThere are a number of ways of measuring the length of posttraumatic amnesia. At The Children's Hospital at Westmead, the Westmead PTA Scale is used. The scale is used for children 8 years and over. The scale consists of 7 orientation questions and 5 memory items.\nWhen a child/young person is out of PTA the rehabilitation team will commence other assessments to see what specific changes have occurred following the brain injury. Treatments that involve more memory capacity can commence once a child is out of PTA.\nThe Children's Hospital at Westmead\nCnr Hawkesbury Rd & Hainsworth St, Westmead\nLocked Bag 4001, Westmead, 2145\nTel: (02) 9845 2132 - Fax: (02) 9845 0685\n© The Children's Hospital at Westmead - 1997-2013\nThis document was updated on Thursday, 11 January 2006", "summary": "Post‑traumatic amnesia (PTA) is a confused, disoriented state that can follow a child’s awakening from coma after a traumatic brain injury, lasting from hours to weeks depending on injury severity. During PTA, children usually recall events only up to the injury time and may not recognize visitors, location, or time of day. Care should minimize stimulation, limit visitors, and ensure safety (e.g., mattress on the floor). The Westmead PTA Scale, used for children aged 8+, assesses orientation and memory to gauge PTA duration; once resolved, further rehabilitation assessments begin."}
{"id": "55cf55031d13d2e2cfe44983faf650eaa49d7cec3ef5589129169d14f6e084e3", "source": "Eleven deaths had been recorded in the region of Donggala to the north of Palu, it said. Rescuers in Indonesia were scrambling Sunday to reach trapped victims screaming for help from collapsed buildings, while looters risked entering an unstable shopping mall to grab whatever they could find after the massive earthquake spawned a tsunami. Aid and supplies were being sent in via military and commercial aircraft, including helicopters, to reach badly affected areas. Footage from MetroTV on Sunday showed images of destroyed houses in Donggala and areas that were once land now inundated with water. Aerial video also showed the battered coastline surrounding Palu.\nKey facts: Earthquakes in Japan - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)\nKey facts: Earthquakes in Japan\nJapan's Meteorological Agency said the quake registered magnitude 6. It said the quake was fairly shallow, about 10 kilometers 6 miles below the sea's surface. Shallow quakes tend to cause more damage on the Earth's surface. The agency predicted a tsunami as high as 1 meter yard along the coast of the northwestern prefectures of Yamagata, Niigata and Ishikawa. Download the Microsoft News app to get breaking news, updates and analysis on your Android or iPhone device. All seven reactors at the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear plant in Niigata were off line and no abnormalities were reported.\nAre We Prepared for an 8.8 Quake?\nThe magnitude Scientists and disaster planners in the United States learned a lot from the Loma Prieta magnitude But even with more stringent codes and construction practices, development and population centers have changed in California since\nUpdated March 15, The 9-magnitude earthquake that struck off Japan's east coast on Friday, causing a tsunami to crash ashore, is the most recent strong quake to affect a country that sits on the Ring of Fire arc of volcanoes and oceanic trenches that partly encircles the Pacific Basin. Topics: earthquake , disasters-and-accidents , japan.", "summary": "Rescuers in Indonesia's Donggala region north of Palu reported eleven deaths and were racing to reach victims trapped in collapsed buildings after a massive earthquake triggered a tsunami, while looters entered an unstable shopping mall; aid arrived by military and commercial aircraft. Meanwhile, Japan's Meteorological Agency recorded a shallow magnitude‑6 quake offshore, forecasting a up‑to‑one‑meter tsunami for northwestern prefectures and noting that all reactors at the Kashiwazaki‑Kariwa plant remained offline without incident. The report also referenced a recent 9‑magnitude quake off Japan's east coast that generated a tsunami."}
{"id": "5602468a7d91503044c7f788b7fc3c10c2961ea68ea248164cdd34ea8a45ccbe", "source": "The goal of this course is to prepare students to understand new technologies, the effect they can have on behavioral change and the potential for impacting humanitarian relief, civic engagement, social infrastructures and therapeutic innovations. This course will strive to provide current information, varying perspectives and will be practical and informed by theory and research. Every week students will be introduced to a different technology, technological application or technology solution, such as AI, AR, VR, robotics and technology-driven healthcare.\nOver the last few years, Media Psychology at Fielding Graduate University, both as a program and as individual faculty, have been involved in a range of research and applications through SMA CENTCOM. SMA invited researchers and content experts from around the world to contribute to this effort. The final white paper addresses psychology, media and assessment of the use, misuse and methods deployed to better understand why people believe what they believe and do what they do. The article developed by Dr. Durnell and Dr.\nInnovation can help engage in the transformational change in health issues. Collaborate for a better world—deep and profound innovation in the human condition can change the human experience (Greenleaf, 2017). \"Technology can change personal experience by structuring it—by augmenting it—by replacing it\" (Riva, 2017).\nDurnell's research poster presentation is on \"Viewing a Crisis In VR: A Different Approach to Behavioral Change.\" This symposium will include discussions of virtual and augmented reality innovations and resources that are most likely to change the field including, but not limited to: emerging therapies and devices, impactful combinations of existing treatments with virtual reality, and models for how clinicians may collaborate on these innovations with computer scientists and engineers.\nDr. Durnell teaches at Johns Hopkins Carey Business School, the topic of Consumer Behavior, which focuses on consumers’ decision making based on theoretical and empirical findings from psychology, anthropology, and sociology and includes engagement, emotions, and social influences. Also explored is consumer behavior analysis on marketing strategies, market segmentation/positioning, brand loyalty, the persuasion process, and promotion. Ethical and moral motivations and the impact on social change are discussed.", "summary": "The course aims to equip students with knowledge of emerging technologies—such as AI, AR, VR, robotics, and health tech—and their potential effects on behavior, humanitarian relief, civic engagement, social infrastructure, and therapeutic innovation, combining current information, diverse perspectives, theory, and research. It references recent Media Psychology work at Fielding Graduate University and a white paper on psychology, media, and belief formation, as well as Dr. Durnell's VR crisis‑viewing research and symposium on virtual/augmented reality therapies and clinician‑engineer collaboration. Dr. Durnell also teaches consumer behavior at Johns Hopkins Carey Business School, covering decision‑making, emotions, social influences, ethics, and social change."}
{"id": "56329f277cc12cf9ef520e06f26a3332a5eac94a3a91da047b43abc863c4048c", "source": "200 Years. 200 Stories. Story\n99: “VIREO Beginnings\nCrawford H. Greenewalt's high-speed photograph of a Black-breasted Plovercrest (Stephanoxis lalandi) as it is about to land on a perch (© C. H. Greenewalt/VIREO).\nThe year was 1979, and history was in the making when Crawford H. Greenewalt generously offered his collection of bird photography to the Academy. With its prized shots of birds in flight, Greenewalt’s collection became the starting point for the Academy’s Visual Resources for Ornithology (VIREO), the most comprehensive bird image bank in the world. These 9,000 photos, taken primarily in North and South America, Africa, and the Caribbean, form the nucleus of VIREO, which today provides a centralized and well-curated collection of avian photos for scientific and public use. There are more than 85,000 images in VIREO’s online bird image database, and it’s growing rapidly.\nGreenewalt’s high-speed images of hummingbirds were the best of his time. His connections with Harold Eugene “Doc” Edgerton, a pioneer in multiflash strobe photography, and Victor Hasselblad, the iconic developer of medium format cameras, granted him access to cutting-edge technologies then inaccessible to most photographers. Greenewalt worked directly with these experts to develop the innovative equipment he needed to take stop-action motion shots, freezing one instant of movement in time. His techniques were so good that he was even able to capture ever-moving hummingbirds. From their home in VIREO, these remarkable images have been accessed for use in books, magazines, field guides, and other important works.\nSee some of Greenewalt’s photos, and view other beautiful images from our VIREO collection.", "summary": "In 1979 Crawford H. Greenewalt donated his bird photography collection, including high‑speed images of a Black‑breasted Plovercrest, to the Academy, establishing the Visual Resources for Ornithology (VIREO). His 9,000 photos—captured with pioneering strobe and medium‑format camera technology via collaborations with Harold \"Doc\" Edgerton and Victor Hasselblad—formed the core of what is now the world’s most comprehensive bird image bank, now exceeding 85,000 curated images used in scientific and public publications."}
{"id": "567f67feccb4e277249b32c86c72ff8f68cd04ff1b2e9a5f6e9f234d968fbfd9", "source": "The Department of Natural Resources and Environment today announced it will conduct a survey in the northern Lower Peninsula Feb. 15 through March 14 to detect the presence of gray wolves in that region of the state.\n“The purpose of the survey is to verify the presence of wolves both where we have previously confirmed animals and to detect new occurrences in other areas,” said DNRE wildlife biologist Jennifer Kleitch. “Given the low probability of observing a wolf or tracks in the Lower Peninsula it’s helpful to have as many eyes looking as possible. That’s why public reports are so important.”\nWolves are a federally protected species that began naturally returning to Michigan’s Upper Peninsula via Canada and Wisconsin in the early 1990s. Since that time populations have increased and continue to expand their range. Evidence of range expansion into the Lower Peninsula came when a gray wolf was accidentally killed in Presque Isle County in 2004. More recently, wolf breeding was verified in Cheboygan County in 2010.\nThe DNRE is asking the public to report any recent sightings of wolves or tracks they believe were made by wolves to the Gaylord Operations Service Center at 989-732-3541, ext. 5901 during the survey period. Reports of observations can also be submitted online at www.dnr.state.mi.us/wildlife/pubs/wolf_obsreport.asp.\nSurvey teams will be searching areas where there have been one or more observations. Priority will be placed on recent reports and those submitted during the survey period.\n“It’s important that observations are reported in a timely manner so we can work with fresh evidence. If the public finds what they believe are wolf tracks, they should preserve the physical evidence and disturb it as little as possible or take a photo of the tracks alongside a ruler,” Kleitch said. “If someone has a photo of a wolf in the Lower Peninsula, we’d certainly be interested in that as well.”\nInformation on wolves in Michigan and links to other wolf-related web pages can be found at www.michigan.gov/wolves.\nThe DNRE is partnering in this survey effort with US Department of Agriculture’s Wildlife Services, the Little Traverse and Grand Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, and The University of Michigan.", "summary": "The Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment will conduct a survey from Feb. 15 to March 14 in the northern Lower Peninsula to confirm existing gray wolf presence and detect new occurrences, urging public reports of sightings or tracks via phone or online; wolves, a federally protected species, have been expanding from the Upper Peninsula since the 1990s, with confirmed incidents in Presque Isle County (2004) and breeding in Cheboygan County (2010). The survey, coordinated with USDA Wildlife Services, local Odawa tribes, and the University of Michigan, prioritizes recent reports and advises preserving or photographing evidence."}
{"id": "56896e93e66d7a83131c2420e06305ec33c2d163c68903d9de477bd5ea4a9d1c", "source": "Last week, Mitt Romney directed that Obama “take your campaign of division and anger and hate back to Chicago.”\nFor good and bad, ‘division and anger’ have always been part of American politics. Take the case of Alexander Hamilton. He was called “Tom S**t” in one New York paper, was accused of having African ancestry (shades of ‘born in Kenya’), and was accused both of being a bastard and a foreigner. He could give as well as receive (one of the reasons for the anger against him), but could also move into something more substantial… including the Federalist Papers.\nWith ratification of the Constitution came no diminution of rancorous and mean debate. In The Commercialization of News in the Nineteenth Century, Gerald Baldasty writes about the editors of the early Republic, men who were also, for the most part, directly involved in politics:\nEditors did not debate in some idealistic desire to create a vast marketplace of ideas. Rather, they argued with one another because they wanted power. They were highly opinionated and interpreted events within their partisan ideology.\nThey, too, Baldasty goes on to say, “produced fervent and wide-ranging debate about political issues.”\nWe remember the positive from the past but tend to forget that it was accompanied by much that was, by any definition, unseemly. We also forget that one has never existed without the other. Scratch our most saintly politicians (even our Founding Fathers) and you will find a gutsy and nasty street-fighter within.\nThis is not to say that ‘everybody does it, so it’s OK.’ It is only to provide a historical context for what is happening now, showing that what we are experiencing, politically, is not cataclysmic or even unusual. Our democracy has survived the low blows of its politicians for over two centuries. If it is ever brought down, it won’t be because of these.", "summary": "The author notes that political division and anger have long been part of American politics, citing historical examples such as Alexander Hamilton’s personal attacks and early newspaper editors who debated primarily for power. Citing Gerald Baldasty, the piece argues that partisan, fervent debate has always coexisted with unseemly behavior, suggesting that current political hostility is not unprecedented and that democracy has endured such low blows for over two centuries."}
{"id": "582d20d1e95f2f06958dc1eebf20cec56a96707e8cde867556b88aacb7d908ee", "source": "The Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency spent Monday on Boone Lake turning old Tannenbaum into a terrarium.\nFor years, the TWRA has been recycling used Christmas trees and turning them into fish habitats. \"It's perfect,\" said Russell Young, with TWRA. \"They're already cut, they're available and it's better than grinding them up.\"\nOver the years, as the water levels in the likes rise and fall, the reservoirs lose their natural woody debris where fish tend to spawn, grow and feed. \"Smaller fish tend to congregate around those. Then bigger fish gather around the smaller fish so it's a food chain,\" said Young.\nTWRA workers refurbish the fish attractors every four to five years by anchoring down the trees in tire piles, which were installed more than 25 years ago. \"We've tried everything over the years and it's hard to beat a tree,\" he said.\nBut the underwater havens don't just help the fish, they also become a hot spot for fisherman. \"We try to use an existing point as a reference line and try to keep them below that point so we don't create any boating hazards.\"\nHowever, the TWRA is facing some new concerns. Two years ago, they had about 5,000 trees donated. But last year they only had 3,000 donated. Young is afraid it's because less people are buying real Christmas trees. \"Due to the economy, I believe a lot of people went to artificial trees.\"\nThe TWRA used to bring in timber from the surrounding woods, but even that is becoming more difficult. \"It's getting harder to do that. There's more homes on the lake. All the areas we used to work in have a home on them now.\"\nThis is very labor intensive work and Region IV has only two individuals assigned to the program. Volunteers are encouraged to contact Russell Young at (423) 587-7037 or (800) 332-0900, extension 250, for the current work schedule.", "summary": "The Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA) recycles used Christmas trees as underwater fish habitats in Boone Lake, anchoring them in tire piles to provide woody debris that supports fish spawning, feeding, and attracts anglers, while maintaining safety guidelines. Over the past years, tree donations have dropped from about 5,000 to 3,000, possibly due to a shift toward artificial trees and increased shoreline development limiting timber sourcing. The labor‑intensive program is staffed by only two individuals, and volunteers are invited to contact Russell Young for participation."}
{"id": "58d581979cba47c8cc3fb917d5cb6b977882801a512dc9d6f474a1fde0839270", "source": "Quantum Mechanics is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful creations of the human mind in the XX century. Being part of the continuous search for the truth and the understanding of the real world, this construction, laboriously built along a few decades by some of the greatest physicists of the time, shoed itself as a consistent theory that allowed for the interpretation of existing experimental results and previewed other. Knowledge of contemporary physics, even at a not too high level, asks for acquisition of the basis of quantum mechanics.\nIn this course, the student will acquire the fundamental concepts where lies the quantum treatment of a large number of problems of modern physics.\nAfter approval in this course, the student will be able to deal with both theoretical and applied problems that will ask for a quantum theory basis.\nThe mathematical methods that will be used, mostly in the algebra domain, should have been acquired beforehand, but will be reviewed.\nJosé Paulo Moreira dos Santos\nWeekly - 5\nTotal - 65\nPrevious approval in the following courses: Análise Matemática I, II e III, Física I, II, III, and IV, A.L.G.A. and Vibrations and Waves.\n- Notes written by the instructor.\n- F. Duarte Santos, A. Amorim, J. Batista, Mecânica Quântica, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa, 2008.\n- W. Greiner, Quantum mechanics: an introduction, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994.\n- S. Gasiorowicz, Quantum Physics, 2nd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1996.\n- C. Cohen Tannoudji, B. Diu et F. Laloë, Quantum mechanics, John Wiley & Sons, 1991.\n- J. P. Santos e M. F. Laranjeira, Métodos Matemáticos para Físicos e Engenheiros, Fundação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Lisboa, 2004.\nThe course is organized in lectures where the theory is presented, and recitation sessions where problems are discussed with the instructor.\n- Historical introduction\n- From classical to quantum\n- The mathematics of Quantum Mechanics\n- The postulates of Quantum Mechanics\n- Study of unidimensional simple systems\n- Particle scattering and barrier penetration\n- Systems of particles\n- The Schrödinger equation in three dimensions\n- Angular momentum\n- Quantum states in three dimensions\n- Methods of approximation - perturbation theory\n- Quantum computing\nPrograms where the course is taught:", "summary": "The document outlines a university course on Quantum Mechanics taught by José Paulo Moreira dos Santos, requiring 65 weekly hours and prerequisites in advanced mathematics and physics. It aims to teach fundamental quantum concepts, mathematical methods, and applications such as scattering, multi‑particle systems, angular momentum, approximation techniques, and quantum computing, using lectures and recitation sessions, and references several standard textbooks."}
{"id": "5b5bdb96156a953e178dd2d62fc2d70dc8d09572c579c261fb7b19e44d5c0fc6", "source": "For every Table that you create, one of the Fields in the Table must be set as the Table Reference Field. The Reference Field contains the unique identifiers for each Record in the Table.\nFor example, you may have a Table called Projects where each Project has a Name. You can set the Name Field to be the Reference Field for Projects. This means that every Project must have a Name specified and each must have a different Name.\nThis will allow you to identify exactly which Record in the Projects Table is which as every Record will have a different Name.\nReference Fields are important when you start creating relationships between Tables.\nTo continue the example above, the Projects Table could have a linked child Table called Tasks where one Project has many child Tasks.\nWhen you are creating a Task and choosing which Project to link it to, you will choose from a list of Project Names since the Name Field was set as the Reference Field.\nIf instead you had selected the Start Date Field to be the Project Reference Field, a list of dates would be shown in the Project list.\nHow to Choose a Reference Field\nThe ideal Reference Field for a Table is one where:\n- A Value will always be specified for all Records i.e. it is a Required Field\n- Each Value will always be different for all Records i.e. it is a Unique Field\nThe Field Types that can be set as a Reference Field are: Text, Text Area, Rich Text, Number, Money, Date, Date Time, Auto Counter, and URL.\nFor each of your Tables, look through each of the Fields which match one of the above Types and determine if every Record in the Table will have a unique value set for all Records.\nIf there are no Fields which are unique and required on the Table, then you can add an Auto Counter Field. This will create a sequence of numbers for each Record in the Table which will always be unique and always be set. You can then add an ID Mask to the Reference Field so that it is easier for your Users to identify the Record.\nSpecifying a Reference Field for a New Table\nOnce you have created a new Table, before you can save the Table you must specify a Reference Field.\nYou can specify the Reference Field for a Table using either the View Editor or the Explorer. Select Edit Current View or click the Explorer tab, then click on the Field to open up the left hand configuration panel. Check the Is Reference checkbox.\nYou can then save the Table.\nSetting the Field as the Reference Field automatically sets it as Is Unique and Is Required. You cannot uncheck these for the Reference Field.\nIf you haven’t chosen a Reference Field for a new Table, when you click Save you will be prompted to select a Reference Field. You can choose an existing field or alternatively, you can click the Add new Auto Counter Field option which will create a new Auto Counter Field on the Table and set it as the Reference Field. Use this option if none of the existing Fields are suitable as a Reference Field.\nChanging the Reference Field for an Existing Table\nThe Reference Field for a Table can be changed at any time. You will need to ensure that all existing Records in your Table have a value set in the new Reference Field.\nTo change the Reference Field for a Table, repeat the steps above to check the Is Reference checkbox for the Field. This will swap the Reference Field from the previously selected Field to the new Field.\nWhen a new Reference Field is selected, the old Reference Field will remain unique and required. To change this, open the Field Configuration for the old Reference Field and uncheck the Is Required and Is Unique options as needed.", "summary": "The document explains that each table must have a Reference Field containing unique identifiers for every record, which should be required and unique. It advises choosing a field type such as Text, Number, Date, etc., and suggests adding an Auto Counter field if no suitable field exists. The Reference Field is set via the view editor or explorer, automatically marking it as required and unique, and cannot be unchecked. Existing tables can change their Reference Field provided all records have values in the new field, and the old field’s required/unique settings can be adjusted afterward."}
{"id": "5bc99fd6bf47a2541cbe3db15dd896c6ebc4b061e350b4c8fc2b1042959c60d9", "source": "5 Ways AI is Already Part of Your Daily Life\nWhen we think about AI, we tend to envision a futuristic technology which is yet to become integrated with society. The reality is actually very different. Most of us interact with AI on a daily basis, but are simply unaware of its presence.\nHere are 5 ways AI is already a more significant part of your life than you think.\n1 – Media Streaming Services\nAlmost everyone uses a streaming platform of some description. Netflix, Spotify and YouTube are all good examples. However, not so many of us are aware that your next suggested song or video is being recommended by AI. Algorithms analyse what you watch or listen to, and once enough data has been collected, will start suggesting content which matches your interests. A very similar process occurs with online shopping and recommended products.\n2 – Voice Assistants\nIt could be Siri, Cortana, or Alexa. Voice assistants have become a common accessory, with almost every smartphone having one. But did you know these smart assistants use a form of AI known as Natural Language Processing (or NLP) to understand what you are saying? They learn from your requests and commands, creating an increasingly tailored user experience based on the information you provide.\n3 – Spam Filters\nJunk mail is one of those annoying facts of life, fortunately filters usually do a great job of identifying what is and isn’t spam. The filters utilise Machine Learning, where the machine (algorithm) is trained to differentiate between genuine emails and spam. This process works by highlighting keywords which are typically associated with spam, and using them to assess incoming mail. Sometimes junk mail may slip through the net, but by flagging it as spam, you are essentially teaching the algorithm to filter similar emails in the future!\n4 – Fraud Detection\nAlmost 1/10 adults in the UK (9%) have been a victim of card fraud, and this figure is expected to rise. As a result, banks have implemented sophisticated fraud detection systems which can identify suspicious activity on your card. But how do these systems work? AI is used to gather behavioral information, such as your spending habits and location of transactions. It can then use this information to identify suspicious activity, like unusually large or frequent transactions in a short space of time, and notify your bank.\n5 – Customer Support\nCustomer support has become increasingly AI-based over the past decade. This has mainly been achieved through the use of chatbots. Just like voice assistants, these bots use NLP to process customer queries and formulate a helpful response with the information they have access to, i.e. opening times, return policies or contact information. If a question is asked that the bot cannot answer, or does not understand, it can notify a member of the customer service team to step in and continue the conversation.\nHopefully this has demonstrated how AI is already a significant part of our daily lives. There are many other examples outside of this list, and as time passes we will see this technology take on even more responsibility in both the workplace and at home.\nWritten by: Mark Ajder", "summary": "The article by Mark Ajder outlines five everyday ways artificial intelligence is already integrated into daily life: streaming services like Netflix and Spotify use recommendation algorithms to suggest content; voice assistants such as Siri, Cortana, and Alexa rely on natural language processing to interpret commands; email spam filters employ machine‑learning models to identify and block unwanted messages; banks use AI‑driven fraud detection that analyzes spending behavior and location to flag suspicious card activity; and customer support increasingly uses AI chatbots with NLP to handle queries, escalating to human agents when needed."}
{"id": "5c02fdabf6f78fb7ad51e563ccd93d37b27c519316a150986c868461d0122363", "source": "make an appointmentDon’t wait for an unexpected dental problem to happen. Schedule your next appointment today!\nGum Therapy (or Scaling and Root Planing (SRP)) – is the most effective way to treat gum disease. During SRP, the dentist cleans between the gums and teeth, down to the root. Your dentist may need to use local anesthetic to numb the gums and the roots of your teeth while the procedure is performed. It is important that individuals with gum (periodontal) disease have this procedure done.\nWhat is Gum (Periodontal) Disease?\nGum disease (also called periodontal disease) is an infection of the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. It is a major cause of tooth loss in adults. Because gum disease is usually painless, you may not know you have it.\nGum disease is caused by plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on the teeth. These bacteria create toxins that can damage the gums. In the early stage of gum disease, called gingivitis, the gums become red, swollen and bleed easily. At this stage, the disease is still reversible and can usually be eliminated by daily brushing and flossing. In the more advanced stages of gum disease, called periodontitis, the gums and bone that support the teeth can become seriously damaged. The teeth can become loose, fall out or may have to be removed by a dentist.\nIf you notice any of the following signs of gum disease, see your dentist immediately:\n- New spacing between teeth (caused by bone loss)\n- Loose teeth\n- Receding gums (loss of gum around a tooth)\n- Tenderness or Discomfort\n- Gums that bleed when you brush your teeth\n- Red, swollen or tender gums\n- Bad breath that doesn’t go away\nEducational Video on Gum Therapy", "summary": "The document encourages scheduling dental appointments and explains gum therapy (scaling and root planing) as an effective treatment for periodontal disease, which involves cleaning between gums and teeth down to the roots, often with local anesthesia. It defines gum disease as an infection caused by plaque that can lead to tooth loss, describing early gingivitis as reversible with proper oral hygiene and advanced periodontitis as potentially causing bone loss, loose teeth, and other symptoms. It lists warning signs such as spacing, looseness, recession, bleeding, swelling, tenderness, and persistent bad breath, urging prompt dental consultation."}
{"id": "5c6afaa31903df9de0d8d71557beb994b732f728affbc5ba3cb83134d8aafc8f", "source": "Honesty and Truth\nI recently read that a lawyer needs to be honest but does not need to be truthful.\nWhat does that mean?\nOnce upon a time, there was a man who had relations with an intern that was of a sexual nature. When asked about it under oath, he famously said, “I did not have sexual relations with that woman.” Was he being honest? Well, yes. Although “sexual relations” can mean any sexual behavior, it is commonly meant as sexual intercourse. Was he being truthful? No.\nBeing truthful means telling the whole story. Being honest means not lying. This can be confusing because we use these words interchangeably without really thinking about what they mean. But different words exist for a reason. And the reason is they mean different things.\nJordan Peterson is known for saying “Tell the truth or at least don’t lie”. At first glance, some may take this to mean “be like a lawyer”. Be honest at the very least if you don’t want to give the whole story. I don’t think that’s what Dr. Peterson meant.\nTelling the truth requires at least these three things: (1) knowing what information is true, (2) knowing that withholding the information will mislead, and (3) vulnerability.\nThis is straightforward with regard to actions. As to the man under oath, it was clear that he was withholding information that would mislead. For some people, withholding the truth is as good as lying.\nBut what does this mean for our own feelings? What does this mean for that elusive thing called “love”? What is true? And are we being truthful?\nKnowing what information is true\nWith regards to love, sometimes we don’t know what is true. We don’t know what other people really think about us. We don’t know how someone really feels about us. The only truth we have is our own feelings. Even then, we have trouble knowing what our true feelings are. This can simply be because we honestly don’t know what we are feeling. More on that below.\nKnowing that withholding the information will mislead\nWithholding information that will mislead goes more towards being truthful with others. Not lying (being honest) while not telling the truth can mislead another person into believing that some things are true when they aren’t. If you cheat and aren’t truthful about it, it’s the same as a lie. You know what the truth is. And you’re misleading another person into believing something that is a lie.\nWe can also mislead ourselves. We can deny what is true. We can deny feelings or try to feel something that isn’t there. If that’s the case, then we are only lying to ourselves.\nThis is where it gets scary. Being truthful means being vulnerable. When telling the truth to another person, this means opening yourself up. You are open to receiving either the pain or, hopefully, the pleasure of the other person’s reaction. It’s the pain that usually prevents us from being truthful.\nThis is the same with regards to being truthful to ourselves. I recently had a long conversation with a friend about love. After an hour of going in circles, she finally pinned down my truth. It took a long time to get there because I wasn’t being vulnerable with myself. Was it painful? Yes. Was it the truth? Absolutely.\nBeing true to ourselves isn’t easy. We can mislead our hearts. We can lie about our feelings. But, in the end, we cannot be in harmony with ourselves unless we get to the core of what our true feelings are.", "summary": "The text distinguishes honesty (not lying) from truthfulness (providing the full, accurate story), using a lawyer’s oath and a public denial of sexual relations as an example of honesty without truthfulness. It argues that truthfulness requires knowing the facts, recognizing that omission misleads, and being vulnerable, and applies this to personal feelings and love, noting that people often lack awareness of their true emotions and may mislead themselves or others, which hinders inner harmony."}
{"id": "5efba9c6d6402cd7d0dfabf365a1db8525555d0057a493b46e9e3bd5c6a7e2aa", "source": "London(January 27, 2016): The new Hundreds of lens for Making Revolutionary Telescope Space Plan is coming out. Military equipment manufacturing company, “Lockheed Martin” a new style Space Telescope outline has issued traditional telescopes instead of hundreds of small lenses (lenses) will be made and the traditional telescopes from 10 to 100 degrees small but so same.\nThe traditional space telescopes in orbit much does it cost to send them into space is a challenge for her to join Lockheed Martin presented a new telescope project called ‘optical R’ or ‘Spider’ to Using that method has been named works. several telescopes around the world have been working but for the style of the space telescope project has been presented for the first time.\nThere are electronic circuits in which the lens of the light (scene) will split into pieces and the lens will make a large digital image. It’s the same old clunky TV out of the house and its location on the leg to be lightweight Slim TV wall. Traditional telescopes are cylinder-shaped, but “Spider” will vary case and he will look like a satellite because it is like the digital camera that captured the chip sneak preview. Due to its small size it can be linked to a spacecraft in orbit free and might be left out again.\nExperts are optimistic that this unique telescope universe uncover new areas will be able to amazing discoveries traditional telescopes because it would be 10 to 100 times stronger. So wait for Hundreds of lens for Making Revolutionary Telescope Space Plan that will make more ups in technology in the world.", "summary": "Lockheed Martin announced a new space telescope concept called “Spider” (also referred to as “optical R”) that would replace traditional large telescopes with an array of hundreds of small lenses, creating a large digital image through electronic circuitry. The design is described as lightweight, satellite‑like, and capable of being attached to a spacecraft, potentially offering 10 to 100 times greater capability than conventional telescopes and enabling new astronomical discoveries."}
{"id": "6016c32b14c6c6192875b6083a81e6d8468761d35e82355248f748721548563c", "source": "Welcome to Owlets R\nMrs Worthy, Mrs Cutler and Miss Begum welcome you to our reception class. Please read through the information below to help you and your child understand all that will be happening in our school year.\nThere will be parent information meetings that will explain in further detail Reading, Writing and Maths.\nWe will be inviting parents to our Play and Stay sessions each half term.\nPersonal, Social and Emotional Development\nWe will be learning about demonstrating friendly behaviour, initiating conversations and forming good relationships with our peers. As well as explaining our own knowledge and understanding. We will be doing circle times to become aware of our own and others feelings understanding that some actions and words can hurt others’ feelings.\nCommunication and language\nWe are learning to listen to stories with increasing attention and recall, as well as using language to\nimagine and recreate roles and experiences in play situations. We will be listening and responding to ideas expressed by others in conversation or discussion. We will begin to question why things happen.\nThroughout the year children will focus on the way stories are structured and suggest how a story might end. We will begin to read words and simple sentences, representing sounds correctly and in sequence. We will write our names, picture captions and labels. We will have a daily ‘Letters and Sounds’ and guided reading session.\nWe have a daily ‘Magic Maths’ session where children learn about different mathematical concepts in a fun and practical way.\nUnderstanding the World\nWe are going to be showing an interest in different occupations and ways of life. We will have a weekly visit to our woodland area and will regularly visit our local area. We will be learning about where we can find information and how to complete a simple program on a computer.\nExpressive arts and design\nChildren will join construction pieces\ntogether in order to build and balance. We will aim to construct with a purpose in mind, using a variety of resources and to be able to use available resources to create props to support role-play. We will introduce a story line into their play and encourage children to play alongside other children who are\nengaged in the same theme.\nChildren will begin to form recognisable letters. In PE we will experiment with different ways of moving. We will also learn good practices with regard to exercise, eating, sleeping and hygiene which can contribute to good health.\nYour child has been provided with a Phonics book, please go through the Phonics book weekly. Each week your child will be provided with ‘Talk homework’ in their ‘Buzy Bee Book.’\nHave a look at our wonderful learning. We have enjoyed outside learning, had fun in the Ministry of Magic, gone shopping to buy ingredients for making gingerbread men, learnt about the festival of Diwali, had adventures in the woodland area, created natural pictures and a lot more!", "summary": "The reception class, led by Mrs Worthy, Mrs Cutler and Miss Begum, outlines a year‑long curriculum that includes parent information meetings on reading, writing and maths, and half‑term Play and Stay sessions. The program covers personal, social and emotional development through circle times, communication and language skills via story listening, role‑play and early reading and writing, daily 'Letters and Sounds' and guided reading, and a 'Magic Maths' session. Children will explore occupations, local and woodland visits, basic computer tasks, expressive arts, construction play, PE, health habits, and receive weekly phonics and 'Talk homework' materials."}
{"id": "60a2c037a910989d2b2728aeaa557b2be315c6bc6ed4b1d0e44088e7e385b17e", "source": "NATRIUM CARBONICUMCarbonate of Sodium(NATRUM CARBONICUM)\nAll the Natrums stimulate cellular activity and increase oxidation and metabolish. Great debility caused by summer heat; chronic effects of sunstroke; exhaustion; anaemic; milky, watery skin; very weak ankles, are all peculiar Natrum carbonicum conditions.\nMind.--Unable to think; difficult, slow comprehension. Mental weakness and depression; worries; very sensitive to noise; colds, change of weather. Anxious and restless during thunderstorm; worse from music (Ambra). Marked gayety. Sensitive to presence of certain individuals.\nHead.--Aches from slightest mental exertion, worse from sun or working under gas-light (Glon) Feels too large. Oversensitive of hearing. Head aches with return of hot weather. Vertigo from exposure to sun.\nNose.--All troubles of external nose which may attain a morbid size-pimples and puffiness. Constant coryza; obstruction of nose. Catarrh; bad smell of nasal secretion. Many troubles of external nose (Caust). Posterior nasal catarrh. Hawking much mucus from throat; worse, slightest draught.\nFace.--Freckles, yellow spots, pimples. Swelling of upper lip. Pale, with blue rings around eyes and swollen lids.\nStomach.--Feels swollen and sensitive. Ill effects of drinking cold water when overheated. Water-brash. Hungry at 5 am. Very weak digestion, caused by slightest error of diet. Averse to milk. Depressed after eating. Bitter taste. Old dyspeptics, always belching, have sour stomach and rheumatism. Dyspepsia relieved by soda biscuits.\nBowels.--Sudden call to stool. Escapes with haste and noise. Yellow substance like pulp of orange in discharge. Diarrhoea from milk.\nFemale.--Induration of cervix. Pudenda sore. Bearing-down sensation (Sep; Murex). Heaviness; worse, sitting; better by moving. Menses late, scanty like meat-washings (Nitric ac). Leucorrhoeal discharge, offensive, irritating preceded by colic.\nRespiratory.--Dry cough, when coming into warm room from out of doors. Cough with coldness of left side of breast.\nSleep.--Wakes too early in morning. Amorous dreams. Drowsy during day.\nExtremities.--Old sprains. Great weakness of limbs, especially in morning. Easy dislocation and spraining of ankles. Foot bends under (Caust). Soreness between toes and fingers. Heel and tendo-Achilles affected. Capped hands. The hollow of the knee is painful on motion. Icy cold up to knees.\nSkin.--Inclination to perspire easily, or dry, rough, cracked skin. Eruption on finger-tips, knuckles and toes. Vesicular eruption in patches and circles. Veins full. Soles of feet raw and sore.\nModalities.--Worse, sitting, from music, summer heat, mental exertion, thunderstorm. Least draught, changes of weather, sun. Better, by moving, by boring in ears and nose.\nRelationship.--Compare: Sodii bicarbonas (in vomiting of pregnancy with acetonuria, 30 grains in water spread over twenty-four hours); Nat sulph; Caust; Natr cacodyl (Foul breath and mouth with bad odor. Dry dermatitis of the skin of abdomen. Malignant growths. In phthisis, 5 centigrammes hypodermically, daily. Increase number of red blood corpuscles to double. Also in malignant disease). Arsynal--(Disodium methylarsenate). Introduced by M. A. Gautier, for phthisis in the second stage 4 to 6 centigrammes per day for one week followed by a week's intermission. But much smaller doses, i.e, 1x to 3x are followed by improvement, lessened fever, night sweat and haemoptysis ceasing.\nAntidote: Ars. Camph.", "summary": "Natrum carbonicum is described as a remedy that stimulates cellular activity and oxidation, indicated for conditions such as heat‑induced debility, sunstroke, exhaustion, anemia, weak ankles, mental weakness, depression, noise sensitivity, and anxiety during thunderstorms. Physical symptoms include headaches worsened by mental effort or sun, nasal congestion, facial swelling, pale skin with blue eye rings, swollen stomach, poor digestion, early morning hunger, diarrhea from milk, cervical induration, scanty late menses, dry cough, early waking, limb weakness especially in the morning, easy sprains, and various skin eruptions. Symptoms worsen with sitting, music, heat, mental exertion, and improve with movement; related remedies include sodium bicarbonate, natrum sulphate, and causticum."}
{"id": "623429300b2c2cd489b34194ba181cd3652bf51ba547112ee4332e3a7144c788", "source": "Swan Square & Old Bridge, Haverfordwest\nSwan Square and Old Bridge, Haverfordwest\nSwan Square was a busy commercial area of old Haverfordwest. One of the principal buildings here was the Swan Hotel, which possibly dated from the 16th century and was demolished in 1970.\nIn December 1908 Swan Square was said to have resembled a lake after a culvert in Westgate was overwhelmed by heavy rainwater. The town was crowded because the flood coincided with fair day and the pre-Christmas fat stock sale. The water was eventually diverted into the river by planks placed across the square.\nThere was an important thoroughfare here, crossing the town via the old river bridge. The bridge still stands a short distance to the east but is now for pedestrians only. The bridge was built in 1726, to replace an earlier bridge damaged by floodwater. The earliest written record of a bridge in Haverfordwest dates from 1378.\nThe engraving of the bridge was included in an 1804 edition of Gerald of Wales’ 1188 itinerary by Richard Colt Hoare. It is from an original in the St Davids Cathedral Library, reproduced with permission of the Dean and Chapter of St Davids Cathedral.\nIt’s thought that Henry Tudor crossed the Western Cleddau river here in August 1485 on his march to the Battle of Bosworth, where victory resulted in his coronation as King Henry VII. He and his small army had landed on 7 August at Mill Bay, near Dale, after living in exile in France. Haverfordwest was the first town they reached. Their morale was boosted by the support they received here from locals who risked severe punishment for helping insurgents.\nHenry reputedly received news at Haverfordwest that his quest to overthrow King Richard III would be backed by the men of Pembroke, Henry’s birthplace. His uncle Jasper, who had raised Henry in France, was still nominally Earl of Pembroke.\nPostcode: SA61 2AN View Location Map", "summary": "Swan Square was a historic commercial hub in Haverfordwest, featuring the Swan Hotel (possibly 16th‑century, demolished 1970) and a key thoroughfare crossing the old river bridge built in 1726, replacing an earlier flood‑damaged bridge; the earliest bridge record dates to 1378. In December 1908 heavy rain flooded the square, creating a lake‑like scene that was later drained. An engraving of the bridge appeared in an 1804 edition of Gerald of Wales’ itinerary. The site is linked to Henry Tudor’s 1485 march, where he crossed the Western Cleddau, received local support, and learned of backing from Pembroke men before his victory at Bosworth."}
{"id": "6479636f23500379c9fe230a782911ac60cfade4c469ea4ee1a7a4030326236f", "source": "The Coldest Day In Wyoming History\nThe coldest recorded temperature ever in the Cowboy State was February 9, 1933. Are you happy to say you were not around yet? At the Riverside Ranger Station in Yellowstone National Park, it dipped – I’m sorry, it plunged – down to -66.\nActually, that day broke a number of cold records in the area. -66 was also a record established at West Yellowstone, and -63 in Moran, Wyoming. Established for tourism, the town Northwest of Jackson still serves as one of the main fee collection entrances to Grand Teton National Park. Moran’s elevation isn’t that high, at 6,749 feet, but Wikipedia says Moran is “known as the state's coldest continually inhabited place.”\nGet our free mobile app\nKEEP READING: Get answers to 51 of the most frequently asked weather questions...", "summary": "The coldest temperature ever recorded in Wyoming occurred on February 9, 1933, when the Riverside Ranger Station in Yellowstone National Park recorded -66 °F, a record also noted at West Yellowstone, while Moran, Wyoming reached -63 °F; Moran, at 6,749 feet elevation, is described as the state's coldest continuously inhabited location."}
{"id": "661274865110f7d042d99ab022982d7ab1702c687e56dbbed1c34eb8b5bc682f", "source": "Here is a common question: “Do we have sea snakes in the Maldives?” And the answer must be yes as we have (rarely) a species of pelagic sea snake. But most commonly, people will encounter another wonderful animal looking like the banded sea snake, but actually being a Snake-Eel. It is not by coincidence that it looks like a snake, this is in fact a common strategy that animals use to avoid being bothered by predators. Looking like someone more dangerous and poisonous, makes anyone run away from their sight… But take a look at the picture above: do you see the gill opening by the 3rd black patch starting from the head? Well, snakes are reptiles (and have lungs) whereas snake eel are fish, with gills…\nNow observe its beautiful pattern on the body and you will notice that it’s also lacking the typical snake-like scales.\nSnake eels feed on crustaceans and small fish and they are seen swimming around in sandy lagoons as they don’t fear many predators. Their slender body allows them to sneak in small crevices and holes to get hold of the most hidden preys.\nNext time that you snorkel around, look for a sneaky Snake-Eel… even sandy lagoons can be a wonderful place for rare encounters!\nTo discover more about what you can do at Soneva, please visit:", "summary": "The Maldives host a rare pelagic sea snake, but snorkelers more often encounter a snake‑eel that mimics a snake’s appearance as a defensive strategy; unlike reptiles, snake‑eels are fish with gills and lack typical snake scales. They display a distinctive patterned body, feed on crustaceans and small fish, and use their slender form to enter crevices in sandy lagoons where they are less threatened by predators, offering unique sightings for divers."}
{"id": "67ab1ab8185b06736f2e9191d7c54ce872dcecc21771c45435327425e78d7ec0", "source": "* There is nothing they could have done to prevent it. T1D is not the same thing as Type 2 diabetes.\n* They may have just been diagnosed, or they may have\nhad it for years. T1D can strike\nat any age.\n* If they are a child, their parents would have spent last night, and every night before that, waking up every couple of hours to test their blood sugar levels. And, if they are older, their parents are probably still waking up every couple of hours worried about their blood sugar levels.\n* If you see them stumbling, confused, or finding it hard to speak, please help. They haven’t been drinking, they are experiencing serious and life-threatening hypoglycemia, and they need urgent medical attention.\n* The insulin they inject up to four times a day is not a cure, it keeps them alive but it doesn’t mean an end to the disease. It doesn’t prevent the possibility of the disease’s serious side effects.\n* They are one of three million Americans, and millions more around the world, who face T1D every day.\n* They can’t have a holiday from T1D. It’s there every second of every day.\n* They have to become mathematicians, dietitians, and nurses—and always be super organized. Life is a constant balancing act.\n* They really are braver than brave.\n* Each year, more than 15,000 children and 15,000 adults—approximately 80 people per day—are diagnosed with T1D in the United States.\nTYPES OF DIABETES\nType 1 Diabetes (also referred to as Juvenile or Insulin-dependent Diabetes, but can occur at any age): The pancreas cannot make insulin or makes very little. Type 1 diabetes often begins in childhood; the onset is sudden. People with type 1 diabetes need daily insulin injections or an insulin pump.Type 2 Diabetes (also called Adult-onset Diabetes): The pancreas makes insulin, but it does not make enough or your body doesn’t use the insulin it makes.\nType 2 develops slowly; diagnosis usually happens after age 40. Eight in 10 people with this type of diabetes are overweight. In fact, type 2 diabetes is becoming more common in children and teenagers because of the increase in obesity in these age groups. Blood sugar levels are controlled through diet and physical activity. Oral medicines may be used to help your body respond to the insulin you make. Insulin injections or a pump may be needed.\nGestational Diabetes: The cause is unknown but may be the result of hormones during pregnancy blocking the action of insulin. Gestational diabetes often disappears after the baby is born. However, women who experience diabetes while pregnant have a much greater chance of having type 2 diabetes later in life.Courtesy of the American Diabetes Association.\n– Written by: Black Hills Parent", "summary": "The document explains that Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an insulin‑deficiency disease that can appear at any age, requiring lifelong insulin injections and constant monitoring of blood sugar, often causing severe hypoglycemia that needs urgent care. It contrasts T1D with Type 2 diabetes, which involves insulin resistance and is usually diagnosed after age 40, and mentions gestational diabetes during pregnancy. It notes that about 15,000 children and 15,000 adults are diagnosed with T1D each year in the United States, affecting roughly three million Americans and millions worldwide, and emphasizes the daily challenges and bravery of those living with the condition."}
{"id": "67b75dd3645330401062de62ced241ec2a533803e22256474d19dfa421a30b2d", "source": "The phenomena is well-explained in an article by S. P. Sullivan at Masslive.com:\nA burst of plasma sent forth from the sun during Sunday's eruption will hit the upper levels of the Earth's atmosphere. The effect, known as aurora borealis, or Northern Lights, will be \"curtains of light shimmering in the sky\" as particles in the air, mainly oxygen and nitrogen, are ionized, according to Stephen E. Schneider, head of the astronomy department at the University of Massachusetts.\n\"Take a look for the glowing, rippling pink or green colors,\" Schneider said. The lights are expected to first appear sometime late Tuesday night into Wednesday morning, though estimating an arrival time for solar plasma can be difficult.\nHere's a link to Sullivan's article about this uncommon cosmic event, with tips for photographers: http://www.masslive.com/living/index.ssf/2010/08/northern_lights_to_light_up_western_mass_skies_tuesday_and_wednesday.html", "summary": "According to an article by S. P. Sullivan on MassLive.com, a solar plasma burst from a recent eruption is expected to reach the upper atmosphere and produce an aurora borealis over western Massachusetts, with curtains of pink or green light appearing late Tuesday night into Wednesday morning; Stephen E. Schneider, head of astronomy at the University of Massachusetts, explains the effect results from ionized oxygen and nitrogen, though exact arrival times are uncertain."}
{"id": "6a63aace450713ba9f682d80e7a9c75baabc1eea19754540045ee5bb1d961edf", "source": "Cork pictures. Old and historic pictures and images of Cork, Ireland\nCounty Cork (Irish: Contae Chorcaí) is the most southerly and the largest of the modern counties of Ireland. Cork is nicknamed \"The Rebel County\", as a result of the support of the townsmen of Cork in 1491 for Perkin Warbeck, a pretender to the throne of England during the Wars of the Roses. In more recent times, the name has referred to the prominent role Cork played in the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921) and its position as an anti-treaty stronghold during the Irish Civil War (1922-23). Attractions include the Blarney Stone and Cobh (formerly Queenstown), the port where many Irish emigrants boarded for their voyage to the United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, or South Africa and also the last stop of the Titanic , before departing on its doomed journey. The city of Cork is the second largest city in the Republic of Ireland and capital of the province of Munster. The remote western area of the county, known as West Cork, is a popular destination for tourists, who visit the small villages and islands including Sherkin Island , Oileán Chléire or Cape Clear Island and Dursey Island. Mizen Head, the \"southwesternmost point in Ireland\" is also in West Cork, as is Sheep's Head.\nIn recent years land in the far west of the county has become in high demand internationally, and large numbers of EU citizens have settled in the area, along with celebrities such as Jeremy Irons. West Cork is noted for its rugged natural beauty, fine beaches and distinct social atmosphere.", "summary": "County Cork, the largest and southernmost county in Ireland, is known as \"The Rebel County\" for its historic support of Perkin Warbeck and later its role in the Irish War of Independence and anti‑treaty stance in the Civil War. Its attractions include the Blarney Stone, Cobh (the Titanic's last stop and a major emigration port), and the scenic West Cork region with islands, beaches, Mizen Head and Sheep's Head. In recent years, West Cork has attracted many EU residents and celebrities, drawn by its rugged beauty and distinctive social atmosphere."}
{"id": "6a7caac1913fc54b628bbc67d6c2f8b1af16362739175d0e6dc06b22d5968e63", "source": "Published on December 17th, 2014 | by Guest1\nTips to improve the weight of your design\nThe visual weight of a design, in a design composition, refers to how good it attracts its viewers’ attention as compared to the compositions’ other components. If your object is “heavier” it will be more eye- grabbing.\nMake it prominent by using different colour:\nIf the colour contrast between surrounding and an object is high, it is more able to gain attention.\nIn the above example, notice how the size, margins and shape of square hearts are identical; the red square-heart gets your attention quickly due to its distinctive colour as compared to other elements in the composition.\nMove the object away from others:\nOne effective tip to increase the visual weight of an object is to put your object at some distance from other objects in the composition. By adding plenty of negative space around the object you can separate it from other objects which will also make your object stand out.\nIn the above example, our eyes interpret the composition as two groups of rabbits, a big group of 9 rabbits and a small group of 1 rabbit.\nBy giving it a different look:\nIt’s hard for us to differentiate the same things. You can make the visual weight of an object heavier by giving it a different look as compared to other objects\nA slight change in the style properties of an object heavily influences its visual weight if objects in the composition look similar. In the above example, you can see that the circle filled with black color gets our eye’s attention quickly as compared to other circles in the composition.\nMake your object prominent by pointing it:\nA simple tip for increasing the visual weight of your object is to attract the viewer’s attention to it by using different visual cues such as arrows.\nIn the above example, you can see how the visual weight of the house is increased because of the arrows in its surrounding pointing to its location. It doesn’t matter where your attention goes; you redirect to look at the house because of the arrows.\nBy making it visually complex:\nA complex object attracts our eyes when it’s set between unadorned and simple objects. You can make an object complex by adding texture, changing its shape, drop shadows, adding different colors to it and so on.\nThe multi coloured circle in the above example has the heaviest visual weight because the objects in its surroundings are styled plainly.\nMake it large:\nMaking an object bigger than the other objects around will also increase its visual weight. A reasonable proposition is: if an object has more visual space it is more visible to viewers.\nIn the above example, you can easily notice that how your eyes are quickly drawn to the large ball because of its different size.\nSo you have seen that visual weight has the great importance and an extremely powerful design tool for tactically arranging elements.\nAshley Alex is a creative emerging graphic designer who understand the impects and importance of design. She is also a freelance works with Assignment Writing Service at DoneAssignment.co.uk She has written many blogs to help thousands of studentslearing technology and designing. For more, follow her on Twitter|Facebook.", "summary": "The article explains that visual weight in design—how much an element attracts attention—can be increased by using high colour contrast, isolating the element with negative space, giving it a distinct style or texture, adding directional cues like arrows, increasing its complexity, or simply making it larger, each illustrated with examples such as a red square‑heart, a solitary rabbit, a black‑filled circle, and a large ball. It emphasizes visual weight as a powerful tool for arranging design elements."}
{"id": "6b71e56dd87ca2240614d01baaf8dea72fdcf29d9ccc7e626c44c854f29eb6ce", "source": "Nature's Great Events - The Great Melt\nThe Great Melt is episode 1/6 of Nature’s Great Events.\nThe summer melt of Arctic ice, opening up nearly three million square miles of ocean and land, provides opportunities for millions of animals, including beluga whales, families of Arctic foxes, vast colonies ofseabirds and the fabled Arctic unicorn, the narwhal.\nFor polar bears, however, it is the toughest time of year. Why? How will they survive? A mother polar bear and her cub make their first journey together onto the sea ice. They are looking for ringed seals, their favourite prey. It is a serious business, but the cub just wants to play. The melting ice makes it harder for them to hunt and threatens their survival. In a unique aerial sequence, the migration of narwhal with their distinctive unicorn-like tusks is filmed for the first time. The whales' journey is risky as they travel along giant cracks in the ice. If the ice were to close above them, they would drown.\nHundreds of beluga whales gather in the river shallows. They rub themselves on smooth pebbles in one of the most bizarre summer spectacles. Guillemot chicks take their first flights from precipitous sea cliff nests to the sea 300 metres below. They attempt to glide to safety, but many miss their target. Their loss is a bonus for the hungry Arctic fox family waiting below.\nAs the melt comes to an end, the bears gather, waiting for the sea to freeze again. Two 400kg males square up to each other to spar.\nIn the final ten-minute diary, Quest for Ice Whales, the crew show how they managed to capture footage of the elusive narwhal on their annual journey through the ice.\nNow Showing: Movies\nIf you have recently travelled on Intercape and have watched this movie on Intertainment, please take a moment to rate this movie. Your feedback is valuable to us.", "summary": "The documentary \"Nature's Great Events - The Great Melt\" (episode 1 of 6) follows the summer melting of Arctic ice, which opens about three million square miles of ocean and land and creates feeding opportunities for beluga whales, Arctic foxes, seabirds and narwhals, while posing severe challenges for polar bears hunting ringed seals. It features aerial footage of narwhal migrations along ice cracks, belugas rubbing on river pebbles, guillemot chicks attempting risky flights to the sea, and male polar bears sparring as the ice refreezes, concluding with a ten‑minute segment on capturing narwhal footage."}
{"id": "6bcc9602963f8adb192f48a5d0582bf9d1d5cf332843cf0fc446ca61a8ed35b4", "source": "Lier Psychiatric Hospital (Lier Psykiatriske Sykehus or Lier Asyl in Norweigan) in Norway, has a long history as an institution. The sickest people in the society was stowed away here and went from being people to be test subjects in the pharmaceutical industry’s search for new and better drugs. The massive buildings house the memory of a grim chapter in Norwegian psychiatric history the authorities would rather forget.\nUPDATE: When you have read this post you might be interested in reading my report one year later!\nThe buildings welcome you\nMany of the patients never came out again alive and many died as a result of the reprehensible treatment. It was said that the treatment was carried out voluntarily, but in reality the patients had no self-determination and the opportunity to make their own decisions.\nMust be creepy at night\nThere is little available information about the former activities at Lier Hospital. On this page (In Norwegian) you can read more about the experiments that were carried out on this Norwegian mental hospital in the postwar period from 1945 to 1975. It’s about the use of LSD, electroshock, brain research funded by the U.S. Department of Defense and drug research sponsored by major pharmaceutical companies. It is perhaps not surprising that they try to forget this place and the events taking place here.\nChair in room\nOne of many rooms\nThings that is left behind including bath tub\nIt was also performed lobotomy here. That’s a procedure that involves knocking a needle-like object into the eye socket and into the patients head to cut the connection between the anterior brain lobes and the rest of the brain. Lobotomy was primarily used to treat schizophrenia but also as a soothing treatment for other disorders. The patients who survived were often quiet, but generally this surgery made the patients worse. Today lobotomy is considered barbaric and it is not practiced in Norway.\nFrom a window\nLier Psyciatric Hospital, or Lier Asylum as it was called originally, was built in 1926 and had room for nearly 700 patients at the most. In 1986, many of the buildings were closed and abandoned and they still stand empty to this day. Some of the buildings are still in operation today for psychiatric patients.\nExterior of the A building\nDesinfection bath tub\nThese photos are from my visit there as a curios photographer. The place was clearly ravaged by the youths, the homeless and drug addicts who have infiltrated the buildings during its 23 years of abandonment. On net forums people has written up and down about ghost stories and the creepy atmosphere. I was curious how I would experience the place myself. But I found it was pretty quiet and peaceful. I went there during the day so I understand that during nighttime, one should look far for a more sinister place. The floor consisted of a lot of broken glass and other debris.\nView through window\nA pile with electrical boxes or something\nThese days, there has been provided money to demolish the. 15 million NOKs is the price. Neighbors cheer but the historic, photographers and ghost hunting kids think it’s sad. This is the most visited, and just about the only and largest urban exploration site in Norway.\nI have read and recommend Ingvar Ambjørnsen first novel, “23-Salen”, which is about when he worked as a nurse at Lier Psychiatric Hospital for one year. The book provides insight into how life for patients and nurses turned out in one of the worst wards.\nThe famous motorized wheelchair\nDoorways and peeling paint\nTop floor, view to the roof and empty windows\nDisused stairs outside", "summary": "Lier Psychiatric Hospital in Norway, built in 1926 with capacity for up to 700 patients, operated until 1986 when most buildings were abandoned; during the post‑war period (1945‑1975) it was used for controversial experiments including LSD trials, electroshock, brain research funded by the U.S. Department of Defense, and drug studies by pharmaceutical companies, as well as lobotomies, often without genuine patient consent, leading to many deaths and lasting trauma. The site, now largely empty and slated for demolition at a cost of 15 million NOK, attracts urban explorers, photographers, and ghost‑hunt enthusiasts, while some locals support its removal."}
{"id": "6e1670a7a892b5d47366749b032ccf524c4a3586f99c0ecbdea3a0bf89555a52", "source": "Error Prevention Training Course\nEveryone knows a chain is only as strong as its weakest link – so what is the most common, weakest link in many of today's critical business, clinical and industrial processes?\nAs electro-mechanical equipment and automated systems have become more reliable over the past few decades, more and more organizations are finding human error to be an increasingly frequent contributor to both defects and accidents.\nThis workshop addresses the most common causes of human error and demonstrates how the best practices from high reliability industries (such aviation and nuclear power) can be adapted to other industries to minimize the opportunity for error.\n- Trends in human error Dealing with \"complexity\" Operators\n- Environmental factors\n- Equipment & system design\nOvercoming common causes:\n- Lack of knowledge\n- Lack of communication\n- Lack of Awareness", "summary": "The Error Prevention Training Course explains that as electro‑mechanical and automated systems become more reliable, human error has emerged as a leading cause of defects and accidents in business, clinical, and industrial settings. The workshop reviews trends in human error, including complexity, environmental factors, and equipment design, and identifies common causes such as insufficient knowledge, poor communication, and lack of awareness. It then shows how best practices from high‑reliability sectors like aviation and nuclear power can be adapted to reduce error opportunities across other industries."}
{"id": "6e3b1d1b8f19bc43b29e3626e2c73fc78b1410f19baaac6039b66b02baf50226", "source": "Join our mailing list to keep up-to-date with our latest news and eventsClick here to sign up for our newsletter\nTake One is a dynamic new cultural learning programme that enables museums and their local schools to work together to provide engaging learning experiences for pupils.\nTake One develops the National Gallery’s Take One Picture model into an education programme for primary and secondary schools, using a single picture, object, document or site as a rich resource for cross-curricular learning.\nWhere possible students explore an object with local significance to increase their identity with, and understanding of, their local area.\nManaged by the National Gallery, Take One demonstrates how effectively historic collections can be used to promote engagement and creativity.\nThe Jewish Museum is working in partnership with local schools to facilitate engaging cross-curricular learning experiences.\nEach Take One project might involve one class, year group or the whole school. This might be a day of events, a week, a half term or a full term.\nThe Jewish Museum provides professional development for local teachers.\nAt the end of the project, pupils’ achievements are celebrated through an exhibition or event.\nThroughout the process museum staff, teachers and pupils develop shared learning through collaborative working – which is at the heart of Take One\nLook out for Take One training days for teachers at the Jewish Museum", "summary": "Take One is a cultural learning programme run by the National Gallery that partners with the Jewish Museum and local schools to use a single picture, object, document or site as a cross‑curricular resource for primary and secondary pupils, often focusing on locally significant items to strengthen community identity; projects can range from a single class to an entire school over various timeframes, include teacher professional development, and culminate in exhibitions or events celebrating student achievements."}
{"id": "6e62daf1b283b070878125d1505cc46bd8f09421b030cf6f94b1fe70c9479895", "source": "Developing Your Child’s Taste Buds\nAt a recent faculty retreat one of my colleagues was cheerfully talking about her weekends over the summer spent with nieces and nephews. One of the fun activities she set up was food taste tests. – a clever and loving way to develop a child’s palate.\nSometimes she would set out 4 or 5 different kinds of cheeses. Not only would they get to vote on which was their favorite, but the children would be queried as to “how does this taste different than that?”, encouraging the children to describe the subtleties. Brilliant! Her lucky young relatives tried various kinds of chocolate and who knows what else.\nTypes of apples? Pickles? Herbal teas. Do you like your carrots baked, roasted or blanched? How about 3 different varieties of winter squash. The game keeps food in the realm of joy and exploration. There are no right or wrong answers. No shoulds or ought tos. Sounds fun, right? I want taste test in June’s kitchen. How about you?\npsst: (for more ideas on developing a wider food palate in children, watch our video offering ideas for parents of picky eaters)", "summary": "A faculty member described using food taste‑test games with her nieces and nephews to broaden their palates, offering multiple varieties of items such as cheeses, chocolates, apples, pickles, teas, carrots, and winter squash and asking the children to compare flavors and vote for favorites, emphasizing enjoyment and exploration without right or wrong answers."}
{"id": "6fa8ed602619ccc8aa15d3a6d7b581c2dfd560beb4d1f6cd2a743ee0533dc2e7", "source": "The word \"asparagus\" is said to be of Persian origin. In middle Latin it\nappears as sparagus; Italian, sparajio; old French, esperaje; old\nEnglish, sperage, sparage, sperach. The middle Latin form,\nsparagus, was in English changed into sparagrass, sparrow-grass,\nand sometimes simply grass, terms\nwhich were until recently in good literary use. In modern French it is asperge; German, spargel; Dutch, aspergie; Spanish, esperrago. The original habitat of the edible asparagus is not positively known, as it is now found naturalized throughout Europe, as well as in nearly all parts of the civilized world. How long the plant was used as a vegetable or as a medicine is likewise uncertain, but that it was known and highly prized by the Romans at least two centuries before the Christian era is historically recorded. According to Pliny, the Romans were already aware of the difference in quality, that grown near Ravenna being considered best, and was so large that three spears weighed one pound. The elder Cato has treated the subject with still greater care. He advises the sowing of the seed of asparagus in the beds of vine-dressers' reeds, which are cultivated in Italy for the support of the vines, and that they should be burned in the spring of the third year, as the ashes would act as a manure to the future crop. He also recommends that the plants be renewed after eight or nine years. The usual method of preparing asparagus pursued by the Roman cooks was to select the finest sprouts and to dry them. When wanted for the table they were put in hot water and cooked a few minutes. To this practice is owing one of Emperor Augustus's favorite sayings: \"Citius quam asparagi coquentur\" (Do it quicker than you can cook asparagus). While the indigenous asparagus has been used from time immemorial as a medicine by Gauls, Germans, and Britons, its cultivation and use as a vegetable was only made known to the people by the invading Roman armies. But in the early part of the sixteenth century it was mentioned among the cultivated garden vegetables, and Leonard Meager, in his \"English Gardener,\" published in 1683, informs us that in his time the London market was well supplied with \"forced\" asparagus. The medicinal virtues formerly attributed to asparagus comprise a wide range. The roots, sprouts, and seeds were used as medicine. The fresh roots are diuretic, perhaps owing to the immediate crystalizable principle, \"asparagine,\" which is said to be sedative in the dose of a few grains. A syrup made of the young shoots and an extract of the roots has been recommended as a sedative in heart affections, and the species diuretica--a mixture of asparagus, celery, parsley, holly, and sweet fennel--was a favorite preparation for use in dropsy and gravel. Among the Greeks and Romans it was one of the oldest and most valued medicines, and to which most absurd virtues were attributed. It was believed that if a person anointed himself with a liniment made of asparagus and oil the bees would not approach or sting him. It was also believed that if the root be put on a tooth which aches violently it causes it to come out without pain. The therapeutic virtues of asparagus seem to have been held in almost as high esteem by the ancients as those of ginseng are esteemed by the Chinese to this day.\n|ADD TO EBOOK|", "summary": "The term \"asparagus\" derives from Persian, passing through middle Latin (sparagus), Italian, French, and English variants, and is now known in many languages. Its original wild habitat is uncertain, though it was cultivated and prized by Romans two centuries BCE, who distinguished quality by region and used specific agricultural practices. Roman cuisine favored drying and briefly boiling the spears. Medieval and early modern sources note its medicinal uses, including diuretic and sedative effects, and various folk remedies, while its garden cultivation spread in Europe by the 16th century."}
{"id": "71551b085503f1883241548ee4d73db98ecbd13ba40f9cb000a90aec921279b8", "source": "VIDEO - Iraq, Baghdad - Newspapers in Iraq have a long history during Iraq’s various regimes and government changes. These changes left a strong impact on writing, journalism, and educating the Iraqi population. There were very few newspapers or magazines in the 40s and 50s, and the number of news journals during the government of Abdul Karim Qassem was not more than five.\nAfter the invasion in 2003, and the fall of Baghdad, more than 200 newspapers were published, some of the newspapers were daily, and the rest were released weekly or monthly. The majority of these newspapers belong to political parties, very few of them are completely independent, or working independently. Newspapers such as Al-Sabah are demanded by Iraqis due to the government information they normally publish, and the people living in Baghdad is longing to listen to a true word and a guaranteed sources. Other newspapers belong to political parties which are not liked by Iraqis, some of those newspapers are distributed for free and some are not, such as Tareek Al-Sha’ab and Al-Basha’er newspaper.\nThe Iraqi citizens now have a variety of newspapers, but it is still difficult to determine which are good or dependable and which are bad. It will still take time to see what direction Iraq’s new journalists will take and whether the new government will allow a free press to grow.\nIf you appreciate the insightful content provided by Alive in Baghdad, which you won’t find anywhere else, please consider becoming a paying subscriber, or making a donation to Alive in Baghdad. You can also purchase Alive in Baghdad T-shirts and DVDs to spread the word.", "summary": "Iraqi newspapers have evolved from a handful in the 1940s‑50s and under Abdul Karim Qassim to over 200 publications after the 2003 invasion, including daily, weekly, and monthly titles, many linked to political parties while few are fully independent. Readers seek reliable sources like Al‑Sabah for government news, but assessing credibility remains challenging, and the future of press freedom depends on the direction of new journalists and government policy."}
{"id": "71996f1561f5a7ff062cd4b720a8df151bfad48b09c07e68ebcd109f4e261b96", "source": "For many people – including homeschool families – these words have the same meaning – a dull, dreary, and repetitive behavior. Yet, a routine is anything but dreary. In fact, routines can be life savers! Could you imagine how many decisions you would need to make during the course of a homeschooling day without some type of routine? The routine that you do each day saves you from a myriad of decisions, and ultimately saves you time!\nThe same applies for homeschooling. We each define homeschooling success differently, but most would agree that engaging learning must be accomplished. If we have an established routine, or framework for our day, then we can simply fill in the blanks with the specific items for that day. This routine doesn’t have to become a rut if you vary what happens in those “blanks.” For example, if your children wake up, dress, clean their room, eat breakfast, and then read for 30 minutes every morning, that’s just your routine or framework for your day. What separates the routine from the rut is what you do with the rest of your time. Creatively planning engaging lessons and varying your studies keeps it interesting and keeps your homeschool schedule from spinning its wheels into a rut!", "summary": "The text argues that routines, often misunderstood as dull, are essential for homeschooling, saving time and reducing decision fatigue by providing a daily framework—such as waking, dressing, cleaning, breakfast, and reading—that can be filled with varied, engaging lessons to avoid becoming a rut."}
{"id": "72dff1b632e430c6b7b4ce1cfe9b86196c403308396ce07b229b62805fef9001", "source": "History will be made on January 26 this year after former Indigenous MP, Lidia Thorpe, called for a public dawn service to be held on Invasion Day.\nThe remembrance service will be held in Naarm (Melbourne) at Kings Domain Resting Place at 5:30 am.\nWhile a number of private dawn services have been held before, this will go down in history as the first large scale public dawn service held on Australia Day / Invasion Day.\nThousands are expected to become part of history and attend the event. Thorpe says the service is to commemorate Sovereign First Peoples who fought in the frontier wars and those who died in widespread massacres that occurred across Australia during colonisation which began on January 26, 1788.\nAs you can see in the Facebook post above, the event was first shared last Saturday however we are yet to see any mention of it in the mainstream media.\nHere at Welcome to Country, we recognise just how important and symbolic this event will be, which is why we are writing this article.\nThe service is a respectful way of reminding everyone in Australia that January 26 cannot continue to be seen as a day of celebration. As mentioned in the event banner, the dawn service is held in solidarity with the Invasion Day Rally which starts at 10:30am outside of the Victorian Parliament. This rally which has been growing towards 100,000 strong in recent years, is organised by the Warriors of the Aboriginal Resistance.\nIf you’re in or around Naarm (Melbourne), share this with your friends and family and make sure you’re are a part of history on January 26. Don’t forget to share this article since the mainstream media are doing their best to suppress this powerful and symbolic action.", "summary": "Former Indigenous MP Lidia Thorpe announced a public dawn service on January 26 at Kings Domain Resting Place in Melbourne, marking the first large‑scale public ceremony on Australia Day/Invasion Day. The event aims to commemorate Sovereign First Peoples who fought in the frontier wars and those killed in colonial massacres since 1788, and will be held in solidarity with an Invasion Day rally organized by the Warriors of the Aboriginal Resistance. Thousands are expected to attend, highlighting the organizers' view that the date should not be celebrated."}
{"id": "739321dd40b70ead4839ebb239f0e1eb3059b5d0b3ad0fd144b493616179364b", "source": "Egypt is well known for holding one of the oldest civilizations in the world. The country is full of story borders. But when we talk about monuments already made by these civilizations the only answer we hear is the “pyramids”.\nThe main purpose of the pyramids was to shelter and protect the body of the mummified pharaoh and his personal effects, such as jewelry, personal utensils and other material goods. But have you ever imagined that there would be more monuments in Egypt than the pyramids?\nWith that in mind, we have listed for you some of the buildings that reside in Egypt, but almost nobody knows:\nThis temple was built for funeral or even commemorative for Queen Hatchepsut. Hatchepsut ruled for 21 years, and is considered to be one of Egypt’s largest housekeeper.\nThe monument is located in Deir El-Bahri, and is known as “Djeser-djseru”, which means “the holy of holies”, on a series of columned terraces that are accessed via long ramps decorated with gardens. It was built inside a cliff that rises over time.\nThese two huge stone statues are known as the Colossi of Memnon. They are located on the west bank of the Nile River, very close to the city of Luxor, Egypt. They are intended to represent Pharaoh Amenhotep III, who reigned in ancient Egypt.\nThe statues are made to look like they are sitting with their hands on their knees, looking east toward the river. They were at the entrance gate of the Amenhotp memorial temple, built while Pharaoh was still alive, where he was worshiped as a true god.\n3 – Malkata Palace\nAmenhop III ruled Egypt for almost 40 years, and before his rule Egypt had never witnessed such prosperity and riches. He was considered a king god in his Malkata palace.\nThe palace was huge, housing Amenhotep’s entire family, servants, guests, and a great harem of princesses, each with their own servants.\n4 – City of Tanis\nThe city of Tanis was one of the closest ports to the Asian coast, and was considered one of the richest cities in the region. It was an important commercial and strategic city until it was threatened by flooding from Lake Manzala, until it was finally abandoned. After a long time it became known as the “Lost City of Tanis”.\n5 – Seti I time\nLocated in Abydos, one of the places that is considered very sacred in ancient Egypt. Abydos was originally dedicated to the god Wepwawet, whose goal was to open the way for the dead to enter the afterlife.\nOne of the few remaining temples inside Abydos was the Arrow I Temple, which has an “L” shape. The temple had commemoration halls and large rooms where workers supported the roof by placing many columns throughout the structure.\n6 – Babylon Fortress\nOriginally built by the Romans, the building has been linked to Babylonian followers, and even prisoners brought from Babylon by Pharaoh Sesostris in the 19th century BC.\nThe fortress was considered a refuge for Christians, especially those who suffered some kind of persecution. In the fortress itself are several built churches, including the “Suspended”, one of Egypt’s most famous “Coptic” churches.\n7 – Meritamun Statue\nUnlike most of Egypt’s historical cities, Akhmim is still active today, and is opposite the ancient Egyptian city of Ipu. As archaeologists excavated the site, they eventually discovered fragments of a statue of Ramses II and an intact 11-meter-tall statue of Meritamun, daughter of Ramses II.", "summary": "The text lists several lesser‑known Egyptian monuments beyond the pyramids, describing their historical context and significance: the mortuary temple of Queen Hatshepsut at Deir el‑Bahri, the Colossi of Memnon representing Amenhotep III near Luxor, the expansive Malkata palace of Amenhotep III, the once‑prosperous port city of Tanis abandoned after flooding, the L‑shaped Temple of Seti I at Abydos dedicated to the god Wepwawet, the Roman‑origin Babylon Fortress later used as a Christian refuge with notable Coptic churches, and statues of Ramses II’s daughter Meritamun discovered near Akhmim. Each entry notes location, associated ruler or deity, and key architectural features."}
{"id": "74894df625da63d37d998392048617c823d7ad7bad698b8bb5bd335a6d18eeaa", "source": "The NC Department of Health and Human Services released new figures about the total flu-related deaths in NC – the count has increased to 114, with 15 new deaths during the week of Jan. 11. Adults 65 and older have taken the hardest hit this flu season; doctors recommend everyone get the flu shot, especially children, elder adults, and those with asthma.\nThis year’s strain, H3N2, is particularly dangerous, and a mutation of the strain has limited the effectiveness of the flu shot. However, doctors still recommend the flu shot because it can make a difference in many cases. Common complications caused by the flu are sinusitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. The flu can cause inflammation around the heart, dehydration, and can worsen medical conditions like asthma and diabetes.\nIf you have a chronic medical condition like asthma or diabetes, talk to your doctor about preventative care, like the flu shot, and also about a management plan if you contract the flu. The CDC recommends influenza antiviral drugs for high-risk patients; antiviral drugs can lessen symptoms, reduce the amount of time you have the flu by up to two days, and can prevent complications like pneumonia. Antiviral drugs are most effective when administered within two days of getting sick, but using them later can still be beneficial. In addition to getting a flu shot, take other precautions like washing your hands frequently, and sanitizing common areas and office workstations with disinfectants. If you do contract the flu, it’s best to stay home to avoid spreading the illness to others.", "summary": "North Carolina's Department of Health and Human Services reported 114 flu-related deaths, including 15 new deaths in the week of Jan. 11, with adults 65 and older most affected. The dominant H3N2 strain is noted as particularly dangerous and partially resistant to the vaccine, yet health officials still advise vaccination, especially for children, seniors, and people with asthma. They also recommend antiviral treatment for high‑risk patients, hand hygiene, surface disinfection, and staying home when ill to reduce spread and complications such as sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, heart inflammation, dehydration, and worsening of chronic conditions."}
{"id": "74d545adeafe4d6b9e0990dce53d3e3c86df3dae85ded4a6080b9167add66b71", "source": "The U.S. Department of Homeland Security recommends all individuals take the time to learn more about what is often termed as an “active shooter.”\nAn Active Shooter is an individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area; in most cases, active shooters use firearms and there is no pattern or method to their selection of victims.\nActive shooter situations are unpredictable and evolve quickly. Typically, the immediate deployment of law enforcement is required to stop the shooting and mitigate harm to victims. While waiting for law enforcement to arrive on the scene, individuals must be prepared both mentally and physically to deal with an active shooter situation.\n|Good practices for coping with an active shooter situation\n- Be aware of your environment and any possible dangers.\n- Take note of the two nearest exits in any facility you visit.\n- If you are in an office, stay there and secure the door.\n- If you are in a hallway, get into a room and secure the door.\n- Call 9-1-1 when it is safe to do so.\n|Tips for Evacuating or Shelter in Place\n- Have an escape route and plan in mind\n- Evacuate regardless of whether others agree to follow\n- Leave your belongings behind\n- Help others escape, if possible\n- Prevent individuals from entering an area where the active shooter may be\n- Keep your hands visible\n- Follow the instructions of any police officers\n- Do not attempt to move wounded people\n- Call 9-1-1 when you are safe\n|Shelter in Place\n- Lock the door\n- Blockade the door with heavy furniture\n- Silence your cell phone and/or pager.\n- Turn off any source of noise (i.e., radios, televisions).\n- Hide behind large items (i.e., cabinets, desks).\n- Remain quiet.\n- Remain calm.\n- Dial 9-1-1, if possible, to alert police to the active shooter’s location.\n- If you cannot speak, leave the line open and allow the dispatcher to listen.", "summary": "The Department of Homeland Security advises individuals to learn about active shooters—people who actively try to kill others in confined, populated areas, typically using firearms with no clear victim selection pattern. Because such incidents are unpredictable and evolve quickly, immediate law‑enforcement response is essential, and civilians should be mentally and physically prepared. Recommended practices include staying aware of surroundings, knowing two nearest exits, securing doors, calling 9‑1‑1 when safe, and following specific evacuation or shelter‑in‑place steps such as locking and barricading doors, remaining quiet, and keeping hands visible while awaiting police."}
{"id": "759fbcede95db4bd3fcf97a574de8a10c6b24cb20af631d5016af3de7d2a139b", "source": "“All chronic pain, suffering, and diseases are caused by a lack of oxygen at the cell level.\"\nDr. Arthur C. Guyton, M.D., author \"The Textbook on Medical Physiology” World’s Best-selling Physiology textbook\nTrigger points are the central issue in most musculoskeletal pain syndromes. They are palpable lumps within tight muscles that are known to refer pain to other areas of the body in specific patterns. We think they are caused by muscular damage resulting from overuse or injury.\nChronic tightness can reduce blood flow and further exacerbate the situation. Spasms lead to tightness which leads to reduced blood flow, which leads to a buildup of waste, which leads to more spasms. This creates a feedback loop wherein the muscle fibers are locked up, unable to release due to the accumulation of metabolic waste as well as the lack of oxygen and nutrients needed for metabolism. This vicious cycle can last for years if left untreated.\nMassage and stretching can help release these locked muscles and ease pain, but massage and stretching become much more effective with the addition of reduced breathing. The root cause of the muscular pain is that not enough oxygen is transferring from our blood into our muscle tissues, and the reason for this is over-breathing which results in low carbon dioxide levels. It doesn’t matter how high your blood oxygen levels are if that oxygen isn’t getting out of your blood and into cells.\nOxygen helps clear muscle cells of metabolic waste, but oxygen is absorbed into the cells in the presence of carbon dioxide; if carbon dioxide levels are too low due to over-breathing, not enough oxygen will get into cells and the muscles will eventually become chronically tight and sore.\nHigher carbon dioxide levels also dilate blood vessels, allowing more blood and thus more oxygen to flow into the muscles, and more metabolic waste to flow out of muscles. This double whammy of increased oxygen at the cellular level and increased blood flow is what is needed to permanently resolve chronic pain issues.\nIn order to permanently resolve chronic pain issues, we have to learn to breathe less twenty-four seven. By making sure we stick to nasal breathing all day and all night, whether we’re working, relaxing, exercising, or sleeping, we can significantly reduce the volume of our breathing as well as increase the oxygenation of our body’s cells.\nThe practice of consistent nasal breathing when combined with several five-to-ten-minute breathwork sessions sprinkled throughout the day, and a few brief cardio sessions per week, can lead to huge reduction and potentially elimination of muscular aches and pains.\nLet me know how I can help you on your journey with breathing better and feeling better. Email with any questions or comments.", "summary": "The text claims that chronic pain and disease stem from cellular oxygen deficiency, attributing musculoskeletal pain to trigger points caused by muscle overuse and reduced blood flow. It describes a feedback loop where spasms cause tightness, limiting oxygen and waste removal, and suggests that over‑breathing lowers carbon dioxide, impairing oxygen delivery to cells. The author proposes that nasal breathing, breath‑work, and occasional cardio can increase carbon dioxide, dilate vessels, improve cellular oxygenation, and thereby alleviate chronic muscle pain."}
{"id": "76dd0e6d26845c85e63a94e1cc97567ef5b9c943ae7951d1ec0cdabd8a5aef4c", "source": "James Zachos, Ph.D.\nProfessor of Earth & Planetary Sciences\nUniversity of California, Santa Cruz\nRapid global warming and ocean acidification\n55 million years ago:\nLessons for the future\nWednesday – January 10, 2007\nPacific Forum – 3:00 p.m.\nThe current anthropogenic perturbation to the global carbon cycle is not unprecedented. Evidence exists in the geologic record of a similar event approximately 55 million years ago at the boundary between the Paleocene and Eocene epochs. This event is characterized by an extreme, but short-lived rise in global temperature, and by massive ocean acidification. One hypothesis attributes these changes to the rapid decomposition of marine hydrates and release of as much as 2000 Gt of methane, a phenomenon that in itself may have been triggered by gradual warming. To test this and other hypotheses, and better characterize the evolution of this unique greenhouse event and its impacts on ocean chemistry, several coring expeditions to the Pacific and Atlantic were undertaken by the Ocean Drilling Program between 2001 and 2005. In this presentation, I will discuss how data collected during these expeditions have provided new insight into several critical aspects of this event including the magnitude and rate of warming, the extent of ocean acidification, and the time scale for recovery.", "summary": "James Zachos, a professor at UC Santa Cruz, presented evidence that the current human-driven carbon cycle disturbance has a precedent about 55 million years ago at the Paleocene‑Eocene boundary, when rapid warming and severe ocean acidification occurred, possibly due to the release of up to 2000 Gt of methane from marine hydrates triggered by gradual warming. He described how Ocean Drilling Program coring expeditions (2001‑2005) in the Pacific and Atlantic have yielded data on the event’s temperature increase, acidification extent, and recovery timescale."}
{"id": "76f5adb42920d8369663f4ed1c6afe4c0daaaf4efe70d6e4ba2e5892091c3806", "source": "Wolf Facts – 70 Uncanny Facts About Wolfs\nFacts about wolfs\nWolf pubs are born blind and deaf.\nPubs become fully mature at 10 months of age and can hunt on their own from then.\nWolves’ communication skills are important for the survival of the pack.\nWolves have many means of communication including howls, whine and whimper, growl and bark, yelp and snarl.\nA pack maintains a territory and marks its territory by urine, scratches, droppings etc.\nWolves are excellent swimmers.\nWolves move around their territory, about 40-50 km a day.\nWolves are very intelligent animals.\nThe average lifespan of a wolf is 6 to 8 years in wild, and 16 years in captivity.\nThe entire pack is responsible to take care of the young.", "summary": "Wolves are born blind and deaf, reach full maturity at about ten months, and can hunt independently thereafter. They rely on diverse vocalizations—howls, whines, growls, barks, yelps, and snarls—for pack communication, which is vital for survival. Packs defend territories marked by urine, scratches, and droppings, traveling 40–50 km daily, and wolves are noted for intelligence and strong swimming ability. Lifespan averages 6–8 years in the wild and up to 16 years in captivity, with the entire pack collectively caring for the young."}
{"id": "771682d5cd2f81a1d35eb5894caf844888372045fae4de99efec49c6797a4e6b", "source": "What is PCOS?\nPCOS or Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is a medical condition in which a woman’s hormones are out of balance. Simply put, women with PCOS don’t ovulate every month, their cycles are very irregular and they might develop cysts in their ovaries. If you have PCOS your bodywill not process carbohydrates properly and produce too much insulin, which in turn cause your ovaries to release excess amounts of testosterone.\nWhat are the symptoms of PCOS?\nPCOS symptoms tend to be mild in the beginning, but can progressively have far-reaching effects on your health. Women with PCOS struggle with their weight, skin conditions like acne, extra hair on their face and body, and thinning hair on their scalps, all of which can make them feel unattractive. Irregular periods – fewer than nine a year, fertility problems and depression are other common symptoms.\nWhat causes PCOS?\nThe exact causes of PCOS remain unknown, but are generally thought to be a combination of hereditary and lifestyle factors. If other women in your family have PCOS or irregular periods, or even diabetes you are particularly at risk.\nShould I be worried about PCOS?\nPCOS affects 1 in 10 women worldwide. However, early diagnosis can help control the symptoms and prevent potential complications of PCOS like diabetes and heart disease. If you have a family history of PCOS or have any of the typical symptoms, you should see a doctor. No single test can confirm if you have PCOS. Your doctor will talk to you about your medical history, do a physical exam, and run some tests.\nHow do I beat PCOS?\nA balanced diet, regular exercise, medication to balance your hormones and not smoking, go a long way in dealing with the symptoms of PCOS. However treatments depend on your symptoms and it’s important to consult a doctor before the symptoms worsen. You can take the first steps to tackling PCOS by registering for a specially designed PCOS Package at Vikram Hospital Bengaluru. The package includes consultations with an Endocrinologist, Gynaecologist and Dietician, and lab tests – FSH, LH; T3 T4, TSH, Serum Prolactin; FBS; PPBS; Serum Insulin; Free Testosterone; USG-Abdomen & Pelvis. Avail a 30% discount on the PCOS Package at Vikram Hospital, Bengaluru between July 20 and Aug 20. Call 88844-16662to fix an appointment today.\nVikram Hospital (Bengaluru) Pvt. Ltd. 71/1, Millers Road, Opp. St. Anne’s College, Bengaluru. www.vikramhospital.com", "summary": "Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder causing irregular ovulation, ovarian cysts, insulin resistance, and excess testosterone, leading to symptoms such as weight gain, acne, hirsutism, scalp hair thinning, irregular periods, fertility issues, and depression. The exact cause is unknown but likely involves genetic and lifestyle factors, with increased risk if family members have PCOS, irregular periods, or diabetes. It affects about 1 in 10 women worldwide; early diagnosis and management—through diet, exercise, medication, and medical monitoring—can reduce risks of diabetes and heart disease. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, and various lab tests."}
{"id": "777776794160da51bb245d88e17355b39be9ad19113cea2beefe28d990a97acf", "source": "Primary decay detection involves inspection of all visible tooth surfaces using a good light source, dental mirror and explorer. Dental radiographs (X-rays) may show dental decay before it is otherwise visible, particularly decay between the teeth. Large dental cavities are often apparent to the naked eye, but smaller lesions can be difficult to identify.\nWe make use of hospital grade digital x-ray sensors to detect small problems in teeth. The benefits to you are instant results viewed on high definition screens with minimal radiation.\nVisual and tactile inspection, along with radiographs, are employed frequently among dentists, particularly to diagnose pit and fissure cavities. Early uncavitated decay is often diagnosed by blowing air across the suspect surface, which removes moisture and changes the optical properties of the unmineralised enamel. We make frequent use of mouth cameras to diagnose decay in teeth allowing you to see what we are viewing. Unfortunately on biting surfaces of teeth the decay under the enamel is not visible until it has reached an advanced stage. We can use a laser to view this disease process; minimising the need for extensive treatment later on.", "summary": "The document describes methods for detecting dental decay, including visual and tactile inspection with a light source, mirror, and explorer, as well as radiographs that can reveal early lesions, especially between teeth. It mentions using hospital‑grade digital X‑ray sensors for quick, high‑definition results with low radiation, and employing air drying to highlight early, uncavitated decay. Mouth cameras and lasers are also used to visualize decay, though decay on biting surfaces may only be seen at an advanced stage."}
{"id": "791e2907fb5e60dbef16a6603df4cc82300bfe2ca473a8d8a25e362321ad2d59", "source": "Honey has long been touted as a remedy for sore throats, tickly coughs and blocked noses but now a new study has shown that it’s actually more effective than many over-the-counter drugs when it comes to treating upper respiratory tract infections.\nUpper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) often affect the nose, throat, voice box and the large air passages that lead from the windpipe to the lungs.\nThe study by the Oxford University Medical School, which has been published in the British Medical Journal, found that people who were treated with honey had cold symptoms for one or two days less than those who were not.\nIn light of this finding, Hibatullah Abuelgasim, a researcher who led the study, suggests that doctors add honey to their medical arsenal, The Guardian reports.\n“Honey is cheap, readily available, and has virtually no side effects, and doctors can recommend it as a suitable alternative to antibiotics, which are often prescribed for these types of infection, even though they aren't suitable,” she said.\n“Upper respiratory tract infections are the most frequent reason for antibiotic prescription. Since the majority of URTIs are viral, antibiotic prescription is both ineffective and inappropriate.”\nAbuelgasim and her team looked through medical databases to find relevant studies which compared honey with pharmaceutical treatments, including antihistamines, expectorants, cough suppressants and painkillers.\nMore than 1700 people of different ages from nearly 15 clinical trials were pooled together and analysed by the researchers.\nAccording to the Telegraph, the scientists noted that as honey is a complex substance and not a uniform product, more studies need to be done before definitive conclusions can be drawn.\nIt is widely recognised that overuse of antibiotics to treat infections may result in antimicrobial resistance, which the World Health Organisation has warned could be a “threat to global public health.”\n- squeeze half a lemon into a mug of boiled water\n- add 1 to 2 teaspoons of honey\n- Drink while still warm\nNever give honey to a child younger than the age of one. It can give rise to infant botulism, a rare but serious form of food poisoning\nSource: British Medical Journal, The Guardian, Telegraph, The Sun, Australian Honey Bee, NHS", "summary": "A study by Oxford University Medical School, published in the British Medical Journal, found that honey reduced the duration of upper respiratory tract infection symptoms by one to two days compared with no treatment, and performed better than many over‑the‑counter drugs. Researchers reviewed over 1,700 participants from about 15 trials, noting honey’s low cost, availability, and minimal side effects, and suggesting it as an alternative to antibiotics for mostly viral infections. However, they cautioned that honey’s variability means further research is needed, and it should not be given to children under one year due to the risk of infant botulism."}
{"id": "7928fd7e12d6e77ad870901d36c152e90ec0301a76d69956b732268505f6cb9b", "source": "Hatha Yoga is a yoga practice which is done forcefully. Yoga has eight limbs, only one of which, asana, involves doing yoga poses. When you do Asthana or Iyengar, this is hatha yoga. The physical yoga postures must have seemed forceful compared to the other more subtle practices that were in use at the time that hatha emerged.\nMeaning of “ha ” is “sun” and “tha” is “moon. Sometimes Hatha Yoga is also known as the “forceful yoga”, because it requires a lot of physical and mental effort. Hatha yoga is very popular in the west.\nWhat most people refer to as simply “yoga” is actually Hatha Yoga. Hatha Yoga is a system of yoga introduced by Yogi Swatmarama, a yogic stage in the 15th century inIndia. This particular system of yoga is the most popular one, and it is from which several other Styles of Yoga originated including Power Yoga, Bikram Yoga, Ashtanga Yoga, and Kundalini Yoga.\nHatha Yoga tries to achieve balance between body and mind, as well as attempts to free the more subtle spiritual elements of the mind through physical poses or Asanas, Breathing Techniques or Pranayama, and Meditation.", "summary": "Hatha Yoga is described as a forceful yoga practice focusing on physical postures (asanas), breathing techniques (pranayama), and meditation to balance body and mind and free subtle spiritual elements. It is said to have originated in the 15th‑century India by Yogi Swatmarama and is the form most people call \"yoga\" in the West, influencing styles such as Power, Bikram, Ashtanga, and Kundalini Yoga."}
{"id": "7a3f606812065fc4dbc1bb259085e8f66a5c3f4183cf56fd76a9516bd53da517", "source": "The electric musical cultures are very diverse; they have in common but one thing: Electronic music. This style of music makes use of electronic technology to upgrade their musical instruments. However, there’s an important distinction to make between proper electronic music and music made with electric instruments. Many instruments use electricity to produce their sound, like for example the organ, the electric guitar and the telharmonium, but pure electronic music are those in which a mechanical instrument doesn’t intervene in the sound production anymore, because they’re replaced by the computer, the Theremin and the sound synthesizer.\nThe first step towards the development of electronic music was the invention of the triode audion in 1907. Various musicians started to think of a futuristic microtonal music with new sound sources. They wanted to find another option to the classic music and the hallowed traditions, and they felt that the second stage of development for western music would be through electronic means. Another branch of the Futurist movement started to value “noise,” and to give expressive and artistic value to sounds that had never been thought of as musical. They intended to bring music to a worldly level, showing through music the everyday experiences: railways, factories and urban noises.\nToday there is a great variety of electronic music, some of them are experimental kinds of music and others are very popular, for example “electronic dance music.” This variety of music started to become very popular from the late 1980s, when there started to appear records that were made using only electronic instruments. This trend has survived more than 30 years and we can still dance electronic music in nightclubs worldwide that are regularly playing electronic dance music. But electronic music is not only for dancing. It’s even very popular among TV channels and radio stations and there are some of them who are exclusively dedicated to this kind of music.", "summary": "Electronic music, distinct from music using electric instruments, relies on electronic technology such as computers, theremins, and synthesizers without mechanical sound sources. Its origins trace back to the 1907 invention of the triode audion, inspiring futurist composers to explore microtonal and noise-based sounds reflecting industrial and urban life. Since the late 1980s, electronic music has diversified into experimental forms and mainstream electronic dance music, remaining popular in nightclubs, TV, and radio, with some stations dedicated solely to the genre."}
{"id": "7abcf022d7b0ebdcd0d564f3ee7a0d4aa9dc76eb9fc2d5760b135b31f3fe3f8d", "source": "What is osteoarthritis?\nOsteoarthritis is a disease of the joints. It results from the gradual breakdown of cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones. This causes swelling (inflammation), pain, tenderness, stiffness and disability.\nWhat is rheumatoid arthritis?\nRheumatoid arthritis is a long term inflammatory disease of the joints. It causes pain, stiffness, swelling, and increasing loss of movement in the joints it affects. It may also cause inflammation in other areas of the body.\nWhat is gout?\nGout is a disease of sudden, recurring attacks of very painful inflammation and redness in the joints. It is caused by deposits of mineral crystals in the joint.\nWhat is ankylosing spondylitis?\nAnkylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory disease of the spine and large joints.", "summary": "The document describes four joint diseases: osteoarthritis, a degenerative condition causing cartilage breakdown, swelling, pain, stiffness and disability; rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic inflammatory disease causing pain, stiffness, swelling and loss of joint movement, sometimes affecting other body areas; gout, characterized by sudden, recurrent attacks of severe joint inflammation and redness due to mineral crystal deposits; and ankylosing spondylitis, an inflammatory disease affecting the spine and large joints."}
{"id": "7c33498f0edb8131dad3e8565acf8c0246bcda5802fe549b82e360fa7ce349e0", "source": "Chocolate is one of the nation’s favourite treats, but could it be more than a nice treat a couple times a week? Could it even have a positive affect on your sleep?\nThere have been many studies over the years on the affect that chocolate has on your health. Some say the caffeine in chocolate will keep you awake, and others consider the positives of antioxidants from cocoa beans that help to lower your blood pressure. However, some recent studies have considered the positive affect of chocolate on sleep. Particularly, the way it helps to reduce certain stress hormones and better regulates the body’s sleep-wake cycles.\nCortisol is one such stress hormone which helps regulate a number of systems such as your blood sugar and metabolism. It is also released as part of your circadian rhythm – how your body decides when you should be sleeping and when you should be awake.\nHigher levels of cortisol are related to a number of health problems such as high blood pressure, low mood, and muscle weakness. Levels of this hormone increase the more stressed we are. Which is a common problem in our modern day and age. As a result, finding ways to lower cortisol can improve our ability to sleep soundly.\nWhy Chocolate Works\nThis is where chocolate becomes a friend, rather than a foe to be avoided in the name of diet. Chocolate, particularly dark chocolate, has been shown to have a positive affect on cortisol levels and sleep as a result. It has been shown to lower cortisol levels, and help the body to better regulate metabolism and sleep cycles. The last of which has a knock on affect, because if you are sleeping better, this further aids in your body’s regulation of keeping cortisol at healthy levels.\nBut What About Sugar?\nThere has been studies that show that refined sugars are a cause of insomnia. This is why dark chocolate over milk or white is suggested if you are most concerned with your sleep habit.\nSo, consider decreasing your amounts of processed sugar while still getting that sweet fix with dark chocolate instead. You could be helping both your stress levels and your sleep.", "summary": "Recent research suggests that dark chocolate may improve sleep by lowering cortisol, a stress hormone linked to sleep‑wake regulation and health issues such as high blood pressure and low mood. The cocoa’s antioxidants appear to reduce cortisol levels, which can help regulate metabolism and promote better sleep cycles. In contrast, refined sugars are associated with insomnia, so dark chocolate is recommended over milk or white chocolate for those concerned about sleep quality."}
{"id": "7c5620a44a081806718e258ece5710b84fa7c8a68bcdb4ce8ff53a194660737c", "source": "The pin mill is widely used to corn, potato, starch and other industries. It has many advantages such as simplifying the process of production of starch, improving the rate of collection of starch and having outstanding economic benefits. It is also widely used to process juice, flour and food.\nThe materials enter into the pulverizing chamber from the upper feeding hole and the thin paste goes into the rotor center through the pipes on the right and left. Then the materials and thin paste will be dispersed around in the working chamber by means of centrifugal force and be impacted violently and repeatedly by a rotating needle and the fixed needle, which separates most of the starch and fibers. Because the fiber is sheared more lightly and incompletely during the impact, most of the fibers will be made into thin pieces. The materials processed by the percussive mills have a big proportion between the coarse dregs and the fine dregs, which is from 2.5:1 to 3:1. The starch can dissociate from the fiber piece to the greatest extent and the protein can dissociate from the starch more easily. The paste produced by the percussive mill can be discharged from the outlet and the fine milling process is finished.\n3.Short process line\n4.Good effect in Pulverizing\n5.Strong processing ability\n6.Good effect in sealing\n7.Convenient installation and operation\nMain electric motor power(kw)", "summary": "The pin mill is commonly used in corn, potato, starch, juice, flour, and food processing, offering simplified starch production, higher collection rates, and economic benefits. Materials enter the pulverizing chamber, are dispersed by centrifugal force, and are repeatedly impacted by rotating and fixed needles, separating most starch from fibers, which are lightly sheared into thin pieces. The resulting product has a coarse-to-fine dreg ratio of about 2.5:1 to 3:1, facilitating starch and protein dissociation, and the fine paste is discharged for further processing. The mill features a short process line, strong processing ability, good sealing, and easy installation and operation."}
{"id": "7cc27d4da80925a1debd3c4a4e92c4fa90cd190d7d4d89a03d5e83712b125a21", "source": "New information about Zika virus has been released practically every day since Brazilian public health authorities brought global attention to the emerging disease late in 2015. The news has mostly been alarming, with reports of a possible association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly and other birth defects in newborns and Guillain-Barré Syndrome in some of those infected. WHO warns that Zika virus could spread throughout the Western Hemisphere to all countries that have the mosquito host of the virus (the exceptions being Canada and Chile). El Salvadorean public health officials have urged women there not to become pregnant for two years, and locally transmitted cases have now been identified in 23 Western Hemisphere countries.\nThe Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota has compiled recent news and resources on Zika virus here. It’s a helpful compendium of the announcements and findings released by various public health entities, including the CDC and the WHO. It also compiles journal articles published on Zika virus back to 2014.\nOne glimmer of good news is that experts think it is unlikely that Zika virus could be transmitted to newborns via breast milk, though cases of sexual transmission are known.\nA vaccine for Zika virus infection is unlikely to be ready for widespread use soon; a search in ClinicalTrials.gov shows no vaccine candidates in trials yet. Stanley Plotkin, MD, however, told The New York Times that a vaccine should not present unusual or difficult development problems, as the virus is similar to yellow fever virus and Japanese encephalitis virus, for which there have been effective vaccines for decades. That said, it takes years, and a great deal of funding, to develop any new vaccine,\nA BBC News segment features an interview with American scientist Scott Weaver, PhD, at the Institute for Human Infections and Immunity at the Galveston (Texas) National Laboratory. Though the headline is promising (“Inside a high-security laboratory developing a Zika vaccine”) it’s clear that the group is in the very early stages of research into the virus and its pathogenesis. In the piece, Nikos Vasilakis, PhD, of the Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Disease (University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston) asserts that while it might be reasonable to expect a vaccine to be ready for testing next year, the regulatory process for making the vaccine widely available would normally take many more years. We have seen, however, during the West African Ebola epidemic that Ebola virus vaccines were hastened into development and used in emergent situations in innovative trials.\nHere at The College of Physicians of Philadelphia, we hope to announce an event on the subject soon, so please check back in with us.", "summary": "Since late 2015, reports have linked Zika virus infection to microcephaly, other birth defects, and Guillain-Barré Syndrome, prompting WHO warnings that the virus could spread across the Western Hemisphere wherever the mosquito vector exists, except Canada and Chile. El Salvador advised women to avoid pregnancy for two years, and local transmission has been confirmed in 23 countries. Breast‑milk transmission appears unlikely, though sexual transmission is documented. No vaccine candidates are in trials yet, and experts say a vaccine may take years to develop despite the virus’s similarity to other vaccine‑preventable flaviviruses."}
{"id": "7d7a7bf07eec46fabdf6fb25723cb81a18995be99b6587ff82587a6a3f4bbffa", "source": "- Guldberg , Cato Maximilian\n- (1836–1902) Norwegian chemistGuldberg was educated at the university in his native city of Christiania (now Oslo) and started his career teaching at the Royal Military School there in 1860. He was appointed to the chair of applied mathematics at the university in 1869.Guldberg's main work was on chemical thermodynamics. In 1863 he formulated the law of mass action in collaboration with his brother-in-law, the Norwegian chemist Peter Waage (1833–1900). The law states that the rate of a chemical change depends on the concentrations of the reactants. Thus for a reaction: A + B -> C the rate of reaction is proportional to [A][B], where [A] and [B] are concentrations. Guldberg and Waage also investigated the effects of temperature. They did not gain full credit for their work at the time, partly due to their first publishing the law in Norwegian. However, even when published in French (1867) the law received little attention until it was rediscovered by William Esson and Vernon Harcourt working at Oxford University.In 1870 Guldberg investigated the way in which the freezing point and vapor pressure of a pure liquid are lowered by a dissolved component. In 1890 he formulated Guldberg's law. This relates boiling point and critical temperature (the point above which a gas cannot be liquefied by pressure alone) on the absolute scale. The law was discovered independently by Phillippe-Auguste Guye.\nScientists. Academic. 2011.", "summary": "Cato Maximilian Guldberg (1836–1902) was a Norwegian chemist educated in Christiania (Oslo) who taught at the Royal Military School and later held a chair in applied mathematics. He is known for co-formulating the law of mass action with Peter Waage in 1863, which states that reaction rates depend on reactant concentrations, and for studying temperature effects on reactions. In 1870 he examined how solutes lower freezing point and vapor pressure, and in 1890 he proposed Guldberg's law linking boiling point and critical temperature on an absolute scale, a finding also made by Phillippe‑Auguste Guye."}
{"id": "7d84dbb8feac9c871200c2d1b5ae73645c7a7e2441df504f136d26de12abce03", "source": "The summer weather may force you to find indoor activities. Playing a game of “I Spy” in an art museum might be the perfect solution. Whether the temperatures outside are too hot or too chilly, the kids will really enjoy walking around an art museum looking at all of the works of art on display. Last week I took my own children and a few of their friends. The group had a very large range of ages and abilities, but everyone had fun pretending that they were in a real life I Spy book! Download the Art Museum Scavenger Hunt HERE!\nWhat I enjoyed about this game was that each child could play at his or her own level. It also prevented them from rushing from room to room. The kids had to take time to look at the art in order to find items on their list. We were complimented numerous times by other visitors on how well behaved our children were. Their favorite display was the Ancient Egypt display. Here, the children tried to translate the hieroglyphics, and even tried to see if they would fit in the sarcophagus made for a king!\nWhen we left the museum, the kids were ready to create art on their own. A large game of “statues” began. During this game the children would all shape their body into a statue, all at the same time and the adults would walk around them trying to guess what they were a statue of. Most of the games ended with the kids falling out of position in a fit of giggles.\nAnother extending activity is to create an art museum at home. Here the kids can find a wall to display their artwork on. By writing each work’s title, artist, and date created, they will be practicing skills that the English portion of the Common Core State Standards addresses. Download the art tags here!\n- I Spy books online.\n- The art museum we visited was the Cleveland Museum of Art. If you go, be sure to visit the interactive art wall!\n- Parents Magazine list of 10 best Art Museums for Kids.\n- Art Museums online: National Gallery of Art,\n- Interactive online art: Tate Kids\n- The 5 Most Family-Friendly Art Museums in the US", "summary": "The author describes using an \"I Spy\" scavenger hunt at the Cleveland Museum of Art as an indoor activity for children of varied ages and abilities, noting that it encouraged careful observation of artworks, especially the Ancient Egypt exhibit, and resulted in well‑behaved visitors. After the museum, the kids played a statue‑guessing game and were inspired to create a home art display with labeled tags, aligning with Common Core English standards. The piece also references additional art‑related resources and lists of family‑friendly museums."}
{"id": "7e25b6b6fabe072355f107180cc2bc3050c1ffa931c428da59bb122bf0457726", "source": "Identifying time lags in the restoration of grassland butterfly communities: a multi-site assessment\nWoodcock, B.A.; Bullock, J.M.; Mortimer, S.R.; Brereton, T.; Redhead, J.W.; Thomas, J.A.; Pywell, R.F.. 2012 Identifying time lags in the restoration of grassland butterfly communities: a multi-site assessment. Biological Conservation, 155. 50-58. 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.05.013Full text not available from this repository.\nAlthough grasslands are crucial habitats for European butterflies, large-scale declines in quality and area have devastated many species. Grasslandrestoration can contribute to the recovery of butterfly populations, although there is a paucity of information on the long-term effects of management. Using eight UK data sets (9–21 years), we investigate changes in restoration success for (1) arable reversion sites, were grassland was established on bare ground using seed mixtures, and (2) grassland enhancement sites, where degraded grasslands are restored by scrub removal followed by the re-instigation of cutting/grazing. We also assessed the importance of individual butterfly traits and ecological characteristics in determining colonisation times. Consistent increases in restoration success over time were seen for arable reversion sites, with the most rapid rates of increase in restoration success seen over the first 10 years. For grasslands enhancement there were no consistent increases in restoration success over time. Butterfly colonisation times were fastest for species with widespread host plants or where host plants established well during restoration. Low mobility butterfly species took longer to colonise. We show that arable reversion is an effective tool for the management of butterflycommunities. We suggest that as restoration takes time to achieve, its use as a mitigation tool against future environmental change (i.e. by decreasing isolation in fragmented landscapes) needs to take into account such time lags.\n|Programmes:||CEH Topics & Objectives 2009 onwards > Biodiversity|\n|CEH Sections:||CEH fellows\n|Additional Keywords:||arable reversion, calcareous, grassland enhancement, mesotrophic, functional traits, recreation|\n|NORA Subject Terms:||Ecology and Environment|\n|Date made live:||12 Sep 2012 15:38|\nActions (login required)", "summary": "The study examined long‑term outcomes of grassland restoration for European butterflies using eight UK sites over 9–21 years, comparing arable reversion (seeding grass on bare ground) with grassland enhancement (scrub removal and reinstated grazing/cutting). Restoration success consistently increased on arable reversion sites, especially within the first decade, while enhancement sites showed no clear trend. Faster butterfly colonisation occurred where host plants were widespread or established well, whereas low‑mobility species colonised more slowly. The authors conclude that arable reversion is an effective management tool but note that time lags must be considered when using restoration to mitigate future environmental change."}
{"id": "7e91ef317c662094c84e63169da0fd84eabe04df5725a009b9aeca9a507bb900", "source": "Understanding the difference between the natural nature of the cat and the habits that the cat picks up is very important. Trying to train the cat to do something that goes against the very core nature of it will not only be confusing but will cause the cat to resist altogether. This will create a very unpleasant and stressful situation for both the cat and the owner.\nTherefore, the responsibility is left to the owner to read up on such behavioral patterns and understand the difference, so that the appropriate actions can be taken when it is called for. Some of the ways a cat behaves are purely instinctive and it would be helpful and beneficial for the owner to be able to identify these differences.\nThe litter box is another good example of the cat’s natural instincts being evident. Cats enjoy digging through loosely textured material, particularly to be used as their toilet area, thus the cat will willingly use the litter box for this purpose. The same would apply to the cat being fascinated with fluffy carpeting and a pile of socks or a ball of yarn, as all of these present some level of fascination for the cat, and indulging in playing with these seems to bring immense enjoyment to the cat.\nUnderstanding the cat’s vocal expressions will also help the owner identify with what the cat is trying to communicate. With some observation, the owner will eventually be able to discern quite well the various different tones used and interpret them accordingly.", "summary": "The text explains that cat owners should distinguish between a cat's innate behaviors and learned habits, noting that training that conflicts with a cat's natural instincts can cause confusion and resistance, leading to stress for both parties. It advises owners to research feline behavioral patterns, recognizing instinctive actions such as using a litter box, digging, and attraction to soft objects like carpet, socks, or yarn. It also suggests that observing a cat's vocalizations can help owners interpret the animal's communication."}
{"id": "7edca75804171ac34eec8e4f134a125d570cd81a220369a57a21759a9473c7fe", "source": "Considered to be one of the most beautiful coins in the world, the silver Libertad from the Mexico Mint features the Seal of Mexico, along with the Spanish name for Mexico – Estados Unidos Mexicanos.\nThe obverse of this coin encapsulates the history of Mexico. In the forefront is Winged Victory, a statue of monumental importance to the Mexican people. In the background are two volcanoes and they recount the legend of Princess Iztaccíhuatl. The story states that Iztaccíhuatl’s father promised her hand to her great love, Popocatépetl, if he survived the great war in Oaxaca. Princess Iztaccíhuatl discovered her father’s belief that her beloved would never return, leading him to attempt to partner her with another man.\nIn her despair, she killed herself with a dagger and Popocatépetl returned unscathed and discovered her lifeless body, he carried her to the top of a great mountain with the hope that the cold would revive her. Instead, he froze to death and God covered them with snow, creating two mountains. Popocatépetl’s raged with fire and lava, while Princess Iztaccíhuatl’s mountain resembles a sleeping woman.\nMexico Mint Libertad coins are the only bullion coins in the world with no denomination. However, they are still accepted as currency and guaranteed by the Mexican government.", "summary": "The Mexican Libertad silver coin, praised for its beauty, displays the national seal and the name \"Estados Unidos Mexicanos\" and is unique as the only bullion coin without a denomination, yet it is legal tender guaranteed by the Mexican government. Its obverse features Winged Victory and depicts the legend of the volcanoes Iztaccíhuatl and Popocatépetl, where a tragic love story explains the formation of the two mountains, with Popocatépetl’s fiery peak and Iztaccíhuatl’s sleeping‑woman shape."}
{"id": "7fd9a1d792ff066428930962bb42042a0282481755c4f597c1f7d75b12d949d8", "source": "Egypt has not finished revealing all its secrets. a sphinx “smiling with two dimples” representing a Roman emperor was unearthed near the temple of Hathor from which the famous Zodiac of Dendera comes, 500 km south of Cairo, announced Monday the Egyptian authorities.\nThis limestone sphinx was discovered in “a Byzantine basin inside a two-level tomb” alongside a “Roman stele engraved in demotic and hieroglyphics”, said the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities in a press release. This stele, he adds, still needs to be deciphered to reveal the exact identity of the emperor, who could be “Roman Emperor Claudianoius”, according to the Egyptian team in charge of the excavations.\nThe Dendera zodiac joined Paris when in 1820 the French prefect Sébastien Louis Saulnier sent a team to unseal this bas-relief with explosives. This representation of the celestial vault of more than 2.5 meters in width and height has hung on a ceiling in the Louvre since 1922, while a plaster copy replaces it in Dendera.\nSeveral major discoveries\nEgypt has revealed several major discoveries in recent months, mainly in the Saqqara necropolis near Cairo, known for the step pyramid of Pharaoh Djoser. But also on the famous plateau of Giza where stands the last of the seven wonders of the ancient world still standing.\nThursday, Cairo thus announced the discovery of a hidden corridor of nine meters inside the Great Pyramid of Egypt, that of Cheops, which could possibly lead to “the real burial chamber of King Cheops” supposed to contain the treasure of the pharaoh. Further south, in Luxor, the Thebes of the pharaohs, remains of“an entire Roman city” dating from the first centuries AD have recently been unearthed.\nFor some experts, these announcement effects have more political and economic than scientific significance. Because the country of nearly 105 million inhabitants in serious economic crisis is counting on tourism to straighten out its finances: its government is aiming for 30 million tourists per year by 2028, against 13 million before the Covid-19.", "summary": "Egyptian authorities announced the discovery of a limestone sphinx with two dimples, likely depicting a Roman emperor, near the Temple of Hathor, the source of the Dendera zodiac, alongside a Roman stele in demotic and hieroglyphics that remains undeciphered. Recent finds also include a hidden nine‑meter corridor in the Great Pyramid of Cheops that may lead to a real burial chamber, and remains of an entire Roman city in Luxor. Officials suggest these archaeological announcements serve political and economic aims, as Egypt seeks to boost tourism to 30 million visitors by 2028."}
{"id": "8018f4f85880ae46d6fffd7f8706d787fb0f5cb4552c980ed3ed4a8a889548f9", "source": "Australia is being held back by its unresolved relationship with its Indigenous population. Drawing on attempts at reconciliation overseas, this series of articles explores different ways of addressing this unfinished business. Today, we survey where Australia is at.\nRecent news that Patrick Dodson had become a senator for Western Australia was met with widespread enthusiasm.\nFor those of us watching, working and waiting for “reconciliation” between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and other Australians, the imminent elevation of this highly regarded Aboriginal statesman to the legislature seemed appropriate and inspired.\nBut it’s just one step. And we need to ask why it’s taken so long to achieve even this most basic indicator of genuine reconciliation – in terms of recognition of Australia’s Indigenous history, culture, identity and, indeed, sovereignty.\nIn many ways, the “great Australian silence” about Indigenous history, pointed out by eminent anthropologist W.E.H. Stanner back in 1968, still endures in this country some 50 years later.\nIn 2008, the federal parliament’s Apology to the Stolen Generations was widely acclaimed as a significant and overdue acknowledgement of white Australia’s often damaging interaction with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.\nBut despite the symbolic and therapeutic meaning attributed to the apology, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are still removed from their families at a far higher rate than non-Indigenous children. And they’re greatly over-represented in out-of-home care.\nConstitutional and legislative deficiencies in their recognition and the disproportionate incarceration of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples also persist. Even the current discussions about a referendum for meaningful constitutional recognition seems to have become protracted and confounded.\nSimilarly, the Closing the Gap in Indigenous Disadvantage strategy – “a long-term, ambitious framework that builds on the foundation of respect and unity provided by the 2008 National Apology to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples” – has been only partially successful.\nAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people still have a shorter life expectancy, and suffer from more adverse life stressors across their lifetime. But the mainstream health system lacks cultural sensitivity, discriminates against Indigenous people, and fails to tackle the root causes of their poor health.\nThe effects of more than 200 years of dispossession, racism and discrimination have left many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with low levels of education, an inability to gain meaningful employment, over-representated in the prison system, and appalling housing conditions.\nToo many recommendations made for and by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people over decades have never been acted on. Instead, poorly designed policies made on their behalf are funded and enacted.\nMore weighty and bewildering government reports will not assist reconciliation, and even if they make governments feel like something is being done.\nPart of their success comes from changing the way Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people’s issues are talked about and addressed – from one of deficit in which people are described as problematic to one of empowerment and strength.\nA deep need\nReconciliation is not an outcome or a goal as much as a relationship and an ongoing journey. It’s vital for the long-term well-being of settler nations – for their identity, history, polity and nationhood.\nBut whatever its terms or whoever its participants, reconciliation will be no more than a series of slogans if settler Australians cannot come to a just understanding with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.\nIt’s now 25 years since the establishment of the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation, now Reconciliation Australia. That’s 25 years since Australia started a national conversation about how to become reconciled, equitable and just.\nThere have been many achievements, disappointments and challenges since then in the process of healing the deep rift between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.\nBut despite all the backlashes, put-downs, trivialisation and wedge politics, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have come back stronger, more articulate, more practical, more resilient and surer of their capacity to contribute. And they’re also surer of what they expect from their contribution.\nReconciliation provides a legacy platform for our continued growth and prosperity as a nation. It’s time to make it happen.\nThis is the penultimate article in our series on efforts towards indigenous reconciliation in settler countries around the world.", "summary": "The article surveys Australia’s current state of Indigenous reconciliation, noting recent enthusiasm for Patrick Dodson’s Senate appointment but highlighting persistent gaps such as the ongoing “great Australian silence” about Indigenous history, high rates of child removal, over‑representation in incarceration and out‑of‑home care, and limited progress on constitutional recognition and the Closing the Gap strategy. It argues that past policies have often been poorly designed, that genuine reconciliation requires shifting discourse from deficit to empowerment, and that despite setbacks Indigenous peoples remain resilient and increasingly articulate about their expectations."}
{"id": "8091f782baa831f06272932d9bc62174f97f6ca6d3db485349ca34463dcb5d74", "source": "This image is in the public domain because it contains materials that originally came from the Agricultural Research Service the research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture.\nWe treat homes and businesses for this pest! Reach out to learn how we can help or to request a free quote.\nFormosan termites have long been a pest in Hawaii first collected in 1896 but not correctly identified until 1905. They were first discovered in the continental stated in 1956 in Charleston S.C. then in Houston Texas in 1965 and the nest year in Galveston.\nAbout 12-13 mm long including wings. Body pale yellow to brownish yellow. Fontanelle (frontal gland pore) present on a slight tubercle (vry short tube) toward front of head. Wing with 2 dark heavily sclerotized (hardened) veins in front portion other veins unpigmented except for basal third. Wing translucent (slightly milky) densely covered with hairs (setae). Front wing scale distinctly larger that hind wing scale may overlap basal portion of hind wing scale.\nThese are essentially the same as for the eastern subterranean termite. Formosans do have the habit of establishing secondary nests above ground if a constant moisture supply is available. Such a nest is made of a material called carton. It consists of soil and wood cemented together with saliva and feces. Such large nests typically cause walls to bulge. True aerial nests (never ground contact) are more often encountered than for the eastern subterranean termites but are not common.\nTagged: 6 legs, small, straight antenna, white", "summary": "The document explains that Formosan termites, originally identified in Hawaii in the early 1900s, spread to the continental United States with first reports in Charleston, South Carolina (1956) and Houston, Texas (1965). It describes their size (12‑13 mm), coloration, wing structure, and the presence of a frontal gland pore. Unlike eastern subterranean termites, Formosans often build secondary above‑ground nests called cartons, made of soil, wood, saliva, and feces, which can cause walls to bulge; true aerial nests are also observed. The text notes the image is public domain from the USDA Agricultural Research Service and offers pest‑control services."}
{"id": "80e328c4999c52a7ab85d7c1cf35ee2e557c006c635d7c8a5df415a68cf1c23a", "source": "This image was captured in 2011, by U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Health Communication Specialist, Alan Janssen, MSPH, during his tour of India, whereupon, he reviewed the communications elements of the polio eradication program in that region. In this particular view, a young Indian boy was photographed as he was receiving his oral polio vaccine from a trained eradication team vaccinator. See 18248 for a view of this boy having his left pinkie finger marked, after he had received the vaccine. On March 27, 2014, former CDC Director Dr. Tom Frieden, and senior CDC immunization staff were present when India, along with the other 10-countries of the South East Asia Region, was certified polio-free. The country was once considered the most complex challenge to achieving global polio eradication.", "summary": "In 2011, CDC Health Communication Specialist Alan Janssen photographed a young Indian boy receiving an oral polio vaccine during his review of India's polio eradication communications. The image shows the vaccination process, and a related photo documents the boy's finger being marked after vaccination. On March 27, 2014, former CDC Director Dr. Tom Frieden and senior CDC immunization staff attended the certification of India, along with ten other South East Asian countries, as polio‑free—a milestone given India's prior status as a complex challenge for global eradication."}
{"id": "8152128462ce2e682126e41df024896023da5eda2ac2b0f2ca0c8937ab178133", "source": "The global food supply chain is a complicated system. Farmers, producers, transporters, warehouses, retailers, restaurants and consumers all contribute to the functionality and flow. External forces can have profound impacts on the process, as seen with the COVID-19 pandemic. And blockers in the flow of food around the world can have disastrous effects on communities facing food insecurity. We’re seeing this happen on a global scale with the current wheat shortage.\nHow the Russia-Ukraine Conflict is Impacting the Supply Chain\nOne of the big disruptors to the global supply chain this year has been the war in Ukraine. Initiated by Russia in late February, the conflict has continued into the summer. Blockades and sanctions are impacting the global supply of two major food products produced in Ukraine and Russia: wheat and sunflower oil.\nAs the two biggest exporters of wheat and sunflower oil in the world, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine is being felt worldwide. According to a report published by the United Nations, Russia and Ukraine “ranked amongst the top three global exporters of wheat, maize, rapeseed, sunflower seeds and sunflower oil” in 2021.\nWhile the production of products like wheat in Ukraine and Russia were favorable in the winter of 21/22, existing supply has been unable to leave the region due to conflict, blockades and sanctions. The harvest season, which begins in July and runs through December, will likely continue in Ukraine, but farmers have nowhere to store or transport their grains.\n90% of the 5 million metric tons of grain that Ukraine would export before the war moved through the Black Sea. Russian aggression and blockades at vital ports like Odessa have made it impossible for Ukraine to move their grains out of port cities on the Black Sea. Ukraine’s infrastructure depends on these waterways to export the majority of their goods.\nIn Russia, wheat and sunflower oil exports are limited by economic sanctions. While Russia is still exporting grains and oils, a number of countries around the world have set sanctions on Russian goods which make it expensive and difficult for their products to be purchased worldwide.\nAdditionally, the conflict will likely impact next year’s production of wheat. In both Russia and Ukraine, farmers may lack crucial supplies to plant the next crop. With nowhere to store their harvests, Ukrainian farmers will be left with rotting crops and may lack the labor needed to plant next year’s harvest. In Russia, seeds and fertilizers typically imported from the EU will hinder Russian farmer’s ability to plant.\nSupply Chain Shortages for Producers and Consumers\nThe impact of the wheat shortage is having a detrimental impact worldwide. For many countries in the Middle East and Africa, imports of wheat from Russia and Ukraine make up over 50% of total wheat shares. The shortage is driving up the price of wheat and leaving lower income consumers across the world hungry.\nThe shortage has some consumers and producers turning to different grain sources. Cassava flour is popular for gluten-free food options and is an effective alternative to traditional wheat flour. For those who require wheat flour for food products, the cost of the wheat shortage has been passed onto consumers. Wheat prices have been fluctuating since April.\nA major takeaway from the wheat shortage is the need to diversify global food supply. With single countries or regions dominating the production of crucial crops, we will likely continue to see food shortages anytime a particular region is affected. This is more and more important as the climate crisis affects food production worldwide.", "summary": "The Russia-Ukraine war has disrupted the global food supply chain, especially for wheat and sunflower oil, as both countries were among the top three exporters of these commodities in 2021. Blockades at Black Sea ports and sanctions on Russian exports have halted grain shipments, causing a wheat shortage that raises prices and threatens food security, particularly in Middle Eastern and African nations that rely on over 50% of their wheat imports from the region. The conflict also jeopardizes future harvests due to storage, labor, and input shortages, highlighting the need for diversified food sources to mitigate such disruptions."}
{"id": "81a7a2217870d5c41cf995282d480a3e0ef5ec3e865e02b723b82cd00a9ffcac", "source": "We’ve talked about the importance of intelligibility before. Intelligibility is an objective measure of whether your speech is understood. We all want to be intelligible and it is often a key goal for our clients.\nBut what about your comprehensibility?\nYour comprehensibility is how simple (or hard) it is for a native-listener to understand what you are saying. In other words, how hard does a native English speaker have to focus on what you are saying to make sense of it?\nYou might be completely intelligible when friends or colleagues pay close attention to what you are saying. But you might not be comprehensible to a job interviewer or shop assistant who doesn’t put in the effort to listen to you carefully.\nWe know that things like grammar, pronunciation, prosody and speaking rate can affect your comprehensibility. We also know that, unfortunately, people’s prejudices – e.g. against a certain accent or dialect – can cause some people to mark down a person’s comprehensibility, even if they are (objectively) intelligible.\nWhy does this matter?\nIn a 2006 study, researchers found that a person’s ethnicity did not affect their employability if their accent was mild (see citation below). This supports an earlier study that found people from a number of backgrounds can be effective communicators – even if they speak with a different speech style.\nThe study also showed that people with accents or dialects that required listeners to work hard to comprehend what they were saying were less likely to be employed than people who were easily comprehended.\nThe study was small (only 3 speakers) and limited in lots of ways (e.g. it had no control group). But it suggests that speakers with an accent that makes it hard for others to comprehend them may benefit from accent modification therapy. Ideally, therapy should focus on aspects of their accent that make it most difficult for other people to comprehend them.\nCarlson, H.K., & McHenry, M.A. (2006). Effect of accent and dialect on employability. Journal of Employment Counseling, 43(2), 70-83.\n- “What did you say?” 10 evidence-based ideas to help others understand your speech\n- Who we help: meet Rakesh and Alice\n- Common pronunciation challenges for people who do not speak English as a first language: fact sheets\n- It’s not your accent that’s holding you back\n- When it’s hard to slow down: 4 evidence-based ways to slow down your speech rate and increase your intelligibility\n- Embrace your accent and speak clearly – lessons from a Global Investment Bank\n- Which kind of English is the best? (Hint: none of them)\nBanter Speech & Language is owned and managed by David Kinnane, a Hanen- and LSVT LOUD-certified speech-language pathologist with post-graduate training in the Spalding Method for literacy, the Lidcombe and Camperdown Programs for stuttering, and Voicecraft for voice disorders. David is also a Certified PESL Instructor for accent modification.\nDavid holds a Master of Speech Language Pathology from the University of Sydney, where he was a Dean’s Scholar. David is a Practising Member of Speech Pathology Australia and a Certified Practising Speech Pathologist (CPSP).", "summary": "The text distinguishes intelligibility (whether speech is understood) from comprehensibility (how easily a native listener can understand without extra effort), noting that grammar, pronunciation, prosody, speaking rate, and listener bias affect comprehensibility. A 2006 study (Carlson & McHenry) found that mild accents did not impact employability, but speakers whose accents required listeners to work harder were less likely to be hired, though the study was small and limited. The author suggests accent‑modification therapy targeting the most problematic features to improve comprehensibility, and provides background on the author’s credentials and related resources."}
{"id": "8296f086e4deac75244ab9ceac7dd5dd8d78a6e51122e5ac60fa7467e535d29d", "source": "Up to the 19th Century mentally ill people were sometimes chained naked in squalid conditions in places like London's Bethlehem hospital which became synonymous with chaos (its name being contracted to bedlam) and where tourists would pay to see the freak show. Then came the extreme rationalism of the Kirkbride plan which created a very unusual form of architecture for asylums throughout the Anglosphere that was used until the 20th Century. As a result of their demise, most are abandoned ruins today, giant, rotting testimonies to a bygone era of clinical Victorian discipline combined with neo-Gothic extravagance.The Kirkbride plan consists of an enormous a symmetrical staggered wing, like a bird made out of lego. Men are on the left and women on the right in wings that radiate from the main entrance for increasingly violent or incurable patients. Early mental institutions where patients had to pay for their own incarceration would also vary in class (rich to poor) on the y axis. The staggering of the wings ensured the flow of air through each, purging them of diseased vapors perhaps, such was the Victorian obsession with fresh air, from outdoor Tuberculosis wards to seaside promenades and piers.\nView the entire chart: all categories", "summary": "The document describes the historical treatment of mentally ill people, noting that until the 19th century they were often confined in harsh conditions such as London's Bethlehem Hospital, known as Bedlam, where the public could view them. It then outlines the Kirkbride plan, a rationalist asylum design featuring a large, symmetrical, staggered wing layout that separated patients by gender and severity, aimed at improving ventilation and reflecting Victorian concerns about fresh air. Many of these structures are now abandoned ruins, reflecting a past era of Victorian clinical discipline and neo‑Gothic architecture."}
{"id": "829f7d156168bcf14965f7864b68bb837b4c815e8f6905924509a0462dd0f817", "source": "The people of Earth are not doing enough to protect their home planet from the threat of an asteroid impact, scientists said today (Feb. 5) as they track a space rock slated to make a close shave next week.\nThe asteroid due to pass exceptionally close to Earth on Feb. 15 — called 2012 DA14 — was discovered only last year by amateur astronomers with the help of a grant from a non-profit agency. While asteroid 2012 DA14 poses no risk of hitting Earth, there are likely hundreds of thousands more rocks like it out there, its discoverers said.\n\"We live in a cosmic shooting gallery and it's a reminder that we need to keep doing our work to find these things and to prevent the only preventable natural disaster, which is asteroid impact,\" said Bruce Betts, a planetary scientist at the Planetary Society, the non-profit space research and exploration organization that helped sponsor the discovery of asteroid 2012 DA14.\n\"We are not doing enough\" to find potentially dangerous asteroids, Bruce told reporters today during a teleconference. \"We're doing more than we were 15 years ago, and these surveys are helping out. We're discovering them faster. To be safe, we need a lot higher rate of discovery.\"\nOne person who's pitching in to help is Jaime Nomen, a dental surgeon by day, and an asteroid hunter by night. Nomen is part of the team at Spain’s La Sagra Observatory that discovered 2012 DA14 about a year ago. [Asteroid 2012 DA14's Flyby: Fact vs. Fiction (Video)]\nAsteroid 2012 DA14 is about half the width of a football field (150 feet, or 45 meters), and will fly within 17,200 miles (27,700 kilometers) of our planet on Friday, Feb. 15, zooming closer to the planet than the ring of satellites in geosynchronous orbit.\nNot long before the asteroid's February 2012 discovery, Nomen and his team won a Planetary Society-sponsored Shoemaker Near-Earth Object Grant that allowed them to upgrade the CCD camera on one of their telescopes, which boosted the number of images the team can snap of quick-moving objects.\nProjects like the La Sagra search can sometimes find asteroids that slipped through the cracks of the larger NASA-run surveys that are responsible for the majority of the near-Earth asteroid discoveries every year, Nomen said. Still, there are so many mid-range space rocks, such as 2012 DA14, and they move so quickly, that a major survey might look at a spot in the sky one day and not see anything, but the next day, an asteroid might be spotted there, he said.\n\"Those small objects could appear at any moment,\" Nomen said. \"For sure there are many that remain undiscovered.\"\nWhile Earth is safe from 2012 DA14, an asteroid that size would do a lot of damage if it did impact our planet. A similar-sized rock slammed into Tunguska, Siberia, in 1908, and flattened some 500,000 acres of forest over an area about the size of Tokyo.\nAnd there's plenty more where that one came from.\n\"The objects are out there and eventually they will hit,\" Betts said. \"It's not a question of whether we'll have catastrophic impacts, it's a question of when.\"\nWith some advance warning of an asteroid impact, on the scale of about 10 years, scientists have a number of strategies that could potentially be used to alter the path of a space rock on a collision course. But if such a threat was discovered just months or days ahead of time, the best we could do would likely be to evacuate the area, Nomen said.\nNASA will hold another press teleconference on the approaching asteroid 2012 DA14 on Thursday (Feb. 7) at 2 p.m. EST (1900 GMT). Visit SPACE.com Thursday for complete coverage of that news event.", "summary": "Scientists warned on Feb. 5 that Earth is insufficiently monitoring near‑Earth asteroids, citing the upcoming close flyby of asteroid 2012 DA14 on Feb. 15, which will pass within 27,700 km—closer than geosynchronous satellites. Discovered in 2012 by amateur astronomers at Spain’s La Sagra Observatory with Planetary Society support, the 45‑meter rock poses no impact risk but illustrates the many similar objects that remain undetected. Experts Bruce Betts and Jaime Nomen emphasized the need for higher discovery rates and noted that, while long‑lead warning could allow deflection, short‑notice threats would likely require evacuation."}
{"id": "82b980d68794e1abfdd8ab6f9cda8668d1ab3367350f3cf78ce7d1e5024f8ab9", "source": "Ten Years of Virus Anna Kournikova\nA full one decade back since February 10, 2011, a computer virus called Anna Kournikova proliferated across the globe, pledging to provide images of the queen of tennis; however, actually contaminating Windows PCs with a virus-laden e-mail. Nakedsecurity published this on February 11, 2011.\nAnna Kournikova virus was distributed through electronic mail displaying the caption, \"Here you have, o\" as well as providing an attachment called AnnaKournikova.jpg.vbs. The suffix in the file name describing the file type indicated that rather than having an image file the attachment had a Visual Basic script.\nAnd while the virus wasn't refined, yet it was capable of proliferating extensively. Moreover, having itself installed it dispatched the same type of e-mails to all the addresses on the user's contact list. Security Company Sophos, which found the creator of the virus as VBS/SST-A, said the worm did no other destruction; nevertheless, it overwhelmed mail servers with messages.\nStated Senior Analyst Paul Wood at Symantec that the virus wasn't merely remarkably inexhaustible, but it as well represented the early indication that a vital change had occurred in the cyber-crime history. He continued that rather than one 'script kiddie' creating and releasing it, the virus was a first worm from several prominent ones that VBSWG a toolkit for writing viruses developed. The VBSWG kit was a first scripting kit that was set in Visual Basic, Wood detailed. V3.co.uk published this on February 11, 2011.\nIt's believed that the Kournikova virus proliferated fast and in just 5 hours of its release. Says Wood, about 2,900 replicas of the worm became detectable on 290 individual Web-domains.\nSaid the security researchers, Kournikova, which had been created with a malicious kit, therefore brought about a change within online crime. In the present time, anybody could purchase such kits on the Internet and without much difficulty as also didn't need expert knowledge for writing a destructive PC code.\nMeanwhile, over the past decade, the virus' activity has changed significantly, despite that Web-surfers continue to click through spoofed web-links quite innocently. Additionally, web-links are being condensed more-and-more for online crooks to make their task even easier.\nRelated article: Twin phishing E-Mails Pose from Bank of Hanover\n» SPAMfighter News - 2/18/2011\nWe are happy to see you are reading our IT Security News.\nWe do believe, that the foundation for a good work environment starts with fast, secure and high performing computers. If you agree, then you should take a look at our Business Solutions to Spam Filter & Antivirus for even the latest version of Exchange Servers - your colleagues will appreciate it!", "summary": "The Anna Kournikova virus, first observed on February 10, 2011, spread worldwide by emailing a VBS script disguised as an image file (AnnaKournikova.jpg.vbs). It replicated rapidly, sending itself to all contacts in a user's address book and overwhelming mail servers, though it caused little direct damage. Security firms Sophos and Symantec identified the creator as VBS/SST-A and noted the worm used the VBSWG toolkit, marking a shift toward easily purchasable, script‑based malware. Within five hours, about 2,900 copies were detected on 290 domains, illustrating the emerging ease of cyber‑crime tool distribution."}
{"id": "837748d4ebf7054d3883f95568d31bfd486fa92d9b4ab4b06c346b1a6a32c28d", "source": "All About Birds\n© Contributed by\nWhat's a bird?\nDo you know what makes a bird different from other animals?\nBlue Jay - bird\nKarner Blue Butterfly - insect\nIs it the pretty colors?\nNo -- other animals, like fish and insects, come in all sorts of beautiful colors too.\ntoucan - bird\nplatypus - mammal\nIs it the bill or beak?\nNo -- other animals, like the duck billed platypus (a mammal), have bills too.\nIs it the eggs?\nNo -- other animals, like fish, amphibians, reptiles, insects and even some mammals, hatch from eggs as well.\nbald eagle - bird\ndragonfly - insect\nIs it the wings?\nNo -- other animals, like insects and some mammals, have wings.\nThen what is it!?\npeacock - bird\nAll birds have feathers and birds are the only animals that do!\nFeathers do many jobs for birds. Soft down keeps them warm, wing feathers allow flight and tail feathers are used for steering.\nThe color of the feathers can be used to hide the bird or to help the bird find a boyfriend or a girlfriend!\nScientific information: Birds are a scientific \"class\". The scientific name for the class is Aves.", "summary": "The document explains that birds are distinguished from other animals by having feathers, which serve functions such as insulation, flight, and display, and notes that feather coloration can provide camouflage or aid in mating. It clarifies that traits like color, beaks, eggs, and wings are not unique to birds, as other groups also possess them. It also mentions that birds belong to the scientific class Aves."}
{"id": "8400055ec17f9094b42cbe549ea73637c6d464810d0108c2f29c3933a27426c2", "source": "Please take a minute now to sign up for your free periodic E-Zine at the top of the page right. You will receive regular updates, tricks, and helpful hints on a regular basis. You will be glad you did!!\nWhat you will learn here.\nFree How to Read Music lessons provide the basic knowledge of music notation, which will allow you to explore thousands of songs written for piano or electronic keyboard.\nMusic notation lessons cover the treble clef, the bass clef, the music staff , key signatures, time signatures, note duration and basic fingering rules for the piano.\nHow much do I need to know about how to read music?\nLet me assure you that you don't need to know everything about reading music at all to enjoy yourself making music on piano.\nI sat at the piano for hours as a child and picked out melodies and chords and just experimented or improvised and developed a love for music.\nIf you are a parent I encourage you to place you child in front of a keyboard instrument and let them really PLAY at music.\nWhere is the music before it is written?\nMy answer is in two parts.\nFirst music comes from the heart!\nWhen I sit and give a first lesson to a beginner I tell them, and I am telling you that the music is not on the page to start with.\nIt is inside you!\nI always begin with giving the brand new students a few specially chosen notes on the piano to focus on, usually just 5 notes, A, B, C, D, and E.\nI will play a simple chord progression in the key of C and ask the student to play whatever they feel.\nIt is often amazing to hear what comes out naturally.\nThe student can't make a mistake because I understand the relationship of those five notes to the chords I am playing underneath which brings me to the second part of the answer\n. Music comes also from the mind.\nThe reason my first lesson experiment works is that I know, and if you continue to learn from this site, you will too, the relationship between scales, or melodies, and chords, or harmonies.\nSo what does this have to do with learning how to read music?\nThe bottom line is if you are an adult beginner and NOT interested in playing classical music, concentrate on learning the treble clef, musical notation, and how to understand chord symbols.\nIf strictly reading grand staff classical music is your goal you may need to supplement these lessons with private lessons from a classical music piano teacher. I can direct you on choosing the right online teacher or local teacher and also recommend some great printed teaching methods.\nReady to get started? Click the link below to begin.\nFor an introduction to understanding note values and how to read and notate them click the link below.\nLearn what you need to know about time signatures or popular music. All the basics you will need to know......click below\nReading treble clef music.\nThis free lesson will get you started learning to read treble clef \"fake book music\" like the professionals. Click the link below.\nMore treble clef lessons.\nClick the links below for lessons designed to increase you speed music skills.\nMore information on reading the Bass Clef\nThis lesson will help you better understand the Bass clef and what to do with that knowledge.\nUnderstanding more Music Symbols.\nFor more information on the music symbols you will encounter while playing, click the link below\nBest Home Study for \"Ear Players\"\nAfter checking out dozens of home study courses that teach you to play by ear and focus on chord progressions I am convinced that the folks at Hear and Play have the best, most well rounded program available for just about all styles of music from Gospel to Jazz. Read my review or visit Hear and Play for more information.\nIf you have any questions, suggestions, or ideas for future lessons feel free to Contact Me.", "summary": "The document promotes a free online music education e‑zine offering lessons on reading music, including treble and bass clef notation, key and time signatures, note values, chord symbols, and basic piano fingering. It emphasizes that beginners need only learn essential notation and chord relationships, especially if not pursuing classical repertoire, and suggests supplementing with private teachers for classical study. The site also recommends a home‑study program for playing by ear and invites readers to sign up, explore lesson links, and provide feedback."}
{"id": "84adfc9f7205f40d510cce763a41c12b947c4ebe7c3d50fe98f37a9af78fbf69", "source": "Emblem of Laos\n|Emblem of Laos|\n|Armiger||Lao People's Democratic Republic|\n|Motto||ສັນຕິພາບ ເອກະລາດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ\n\"Peace, Independence, Democracy\"\n\"Unity and Prosperity\"\nThe national emblem of Laos shows the national shrine Pha That Luang. A dam is pictured which as a symbol of power generation at the reservoir Nam Ngun, an asphalt street is also pictured, as well as a stylized watered field. In the lower part is a section of a gear wheel. The inscription on the left reads \"Peace, Independence, Democracy\" (lao script: ສັນຕິພາບ ເອກະລາດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ) and on the right, \"Unity and Prosperity\" (lao script: ເອກະພາບ ວັດຖະນາຖາວອນ.)\nThe coat of arms was modified in 1991. The Communist red star and hammer and sickle were replaced with the national shrine at Pha That Luang. The coat of arms is specified in the Laotian constitution:\nThe National Emblem of the Lao People's Democratic Republic is a circle depicting in the bottom part one-half of a cog wheel and red ribbon with inscriptions [of the words] \"Lao People's Democratic Republic\", and [flanked by] crescent-shaped stalks of fully ripened rice at both sides and red ribbons bearing the inscription \"Peace, Independence, Democracy, Unity, Prosperity\". A picture of Pha That Luang Pagoda is located between the tips of the stalks of rice. A road, a paddy field, a forest and a hydroelectric dam are depicted in the middle of the circle.—Constitution of the Lao People's Democratic Republic, § 90 \n- Constitution of the Lao People's Democratic Republic, § 90 Official website of the Laotian embassy in Thailand.\n|This Laos-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|\n|This heraldry-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|", "summary": "The national emblem of the Lao People's Democratic Republic features a circular design showing half a cog wheel, red ribbons with the inscriptions \"Peace, Independence, Democracy\" and \"Unity and Prosperity,\" and crescent-shaped stalks of ripe rice on each side. Central elements include the Pha That Luang shrine, a road, a paddy field, a forest, and a hydroelectric dam, symbolizing power generation. The emblem was revised in 1991, replacing the communist red star and hammer-and-sickle with the shrine, and its description is codified in the country's constitution."}
{"id": "84cbbecace5d2a4bcc23ddda8de90821df5b579ce9dacad9b644e68c261dca56", "source": "Adopted as the latest craze, mindfulness is more than just a passing fad. This meditation technique stretches back thousands of years in Eastern cultures. While it was once a technique used primarily by Buddhist monks, modern researchers have discovered some of the immense benefits of being mindful in everyday life.\nHow Mindfulness Works\nAt its heart, mindfulness is just a way to pay closer attention to everything that is going on. It focuses on rooting yourself in the present to notice what is really happening within your mind and body. You begin to notice the things that are going on around you without judging what is going on. The flowers grow, your boss gives you a new project and cars drive by just because that is what they do. With this mindset, you stop judging and are able to just exist within the moment. Instead of allowing yourself to go into autopilot, you are able to observe your life at a distance.\nWhile practicing mindfulness, you will want to focus on a single task or moment. For example, you could focus your full attention on flossing your teeth or driving a car instead of letting your mind drift. In this mental state, you focus on what you hear, smell, taste, hear and see. You may narrow your focus on what your body is experiencing or follow the pattern of your breaths. The entire goal is to just be mindful of the moment and to acknowledge your thoughts without being controlled by them. Every time your mind starts to wander, just return your focus to your breath and allow yourself to be reabsorbed into the meditation.\nThe Benefits of Mindfulness\nMindfulness actually can change the entire structure of your brain. In 2011, Harvard University conducted a study. In the trial, the participants had to carry out a mindfulness program for eight weeks. During this time, the density of the gray matter in their minds actually increased. In total, there were eight different regions of the mind that were affected.\nWith a mindfulness practice, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is improved, which allows for greater self-regulation, less impulsiveness and better focus. The gray matter in the hippocampus increases. Since the hippocampus is responsible for emotion, memories, the limbic system and cortisol, changes in this section of the brain can reduce post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and chronic stress. Interestingly, individuals with low gray matter in the hippocampus are more likely to have PTSD or depression. Due to this, mindfulness can actually reduce the impact or treat these mental conditions.\nBeyond just brain changes, mindfulness has been shown to increase body awareness and introspection. Individuals who regularly practice mindfulness meditation have better pain tolerance and emotional regulation. Practicing mindfulness helps you to reduce your stress levels and alleviate depression. It can also be beneficial for dieters because it allows you to notice how the food and exercise choices that you make contribute to weight loss. Since it does lower cortisol levels and stress, mindfulness may even provide cardiovascular benefits by lowering your blood pressure.", "summary": "The document describes mindfulness as an ancient meditation practice now popular in everyday life, explaining that it involves non‑judgmental, present‑moment attention to thoughts, sensations, and surroundings, often anchored by the breath. It cites a 2011 Harvard study where an eight‑week mindfulness program increased gray‑matter density in eight brain regions, improving the anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus, which may reduce impulsivity, stress, PTSD, depression, and chronic pain. The text also claims mindfulness enhances body awareness, emotional regulation, stress reduction, weight‑loss support, and may lower blood pressure."}
{"id": "8561a735234cc9bbdb9c13bc53f1ecaa6f7d1c8f629208e4aef2c9ef8268a186", "source": "Computer hacking forensic investigation is the process of detecting hacking attacks and properly extracting evidence to report the crime and conduct audits to prevent future attacks. Computer forensics is simply the application of computer investigation and analysis techniques in the interests of determining potential legal evidence. Evidence might be sought in a wide range of computer crime or misuse, including but not limited to theft of trade secrets, theft of or destruction of intellectual property, and fraud. Computer forensic investigators can draw on an array of methods for discovering data that resides in a computer system, or recovering deleted, encrypted, or damaged file information. This includes recovering deleted email, restoring erased images, and more.\nAfter completing this course, students will be able to:\n- Implement the process of investigating cybercrime, laws involved, and the details in obtaining and executing a search warrant.\n- Identify different types of digital evidence, rules of evidence, digital evidence examination process, and electronic crime and digital evidence consideration by crime category.\n- Assume the role of first responder to IT security incidents. This includes building and using the first responder toolkit, securing and evaluating electronic crime scene, conducting preliminary interviews, documenting electronic crime scene, collecting and preserving electronic evidence, packaging and transporting electronic evidence and reporting the crime scene.\n- Recover deleted files and deleted partitions in Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.\n- Recover deleted email, images, documents, and other files containing relevant evidence.\n- Conduct a forensic investigation using Access Data FTK and Encase.\n- Identify the use of steganography and its techniques, and conduct steganalysis.\n- Analyze image files for forensic data.\n- Use password cracking tools and various types of password attacks to investigate password protected file breaches.\n- Identify different types of log capturing techniques, log management, time synchronization and log capturing tools.\n- Investigate logs, network traffic, wireless attacks, and web attacks.", "summary": "The document describes computer hacking forensic investigation as the detection of attacks and extraction of evidence for legal reporting and future prevention, covering a broad range of crimes such as trade secret theft and fraud. It outlines a course that teaches students to implement cybercrime investigations, understand relevant laws and search warrants, identify and handle digital evidence, act as first responders to IT security incidents, recover deleted data across operating systems, use forensic tools like FTK and EnCase, perform steganalysis, analyze images, employ password cracking methods, and manage logs and network traffic to investigate various attacks."}
{"id": "85728ad68b8b76d5870b3ba490267d335165ac3ef025f29077dadb8a6154c817", "source": "Environmental Issues: Transportation\nAll Documents in Transportation Tagged renewable energy\n- Cleaner Fuels\nIt’s time to move beyond oil and develop cleaner fuels to run America’s cars, trucks and buses.\n- Running our cars and trucks on cleaner fuels like biofuels and electricity, and stopping dirty alternatives, is a critical part of developing a new energy economy.\nDocuments Tagged renewable energy in All Sections\n- Global Warming Solutions\n- Solving global warming means investing in clean energy, green jobs and smart energy solutions. We can’t afford delay. This five-step plan will repower, refuel and rebuild America, starting today.\n- Our Forests Aren't Fuel\n- Forests are for wild animals, fresh air, clean water, and hiking with our kids. But now industry wants to burn our forests for biomass electricity, polluting the air we breathe and stealing from future generations.\n- State Renewable Portfolio Standards Create Jobs and Promote Clean Energy\nRenewable Portfolio Standards attract new industries, create jobs, and keep state businesses competitive, while encouraging development of renewable power like wind, solar, and biomass.\n- Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) move states toward clean, renewable energy by requiring that a percentage of a state’s electricity sold or generated must come from renewable sources within a certain time period. These statutes have enjoyed strong bipartisan support because of their proven ability to attract new industries, create jobs, and keep state businesses competitive, while encouraging development of renewable power like wind, solar, and biomass.\n- Aviation Biofuel Sustainability Survey\n- To assess the current state of aviation biofuel sustainability certification, and to support the use of certification in the aviation fuel supply chain, NRDC has generated its inaugural Aviation Biofuel Sustainability Survey.\nFor older publications available only in print, click here.\nSign up for NRDC's online newsletter\n- Driving Our Destiny: Demographics Show the Driving Boom is Over\n- posted by Deron Lovaas, 5/15/13\n- Turning Southern California's sustainable vision into reality\n- posted by Amanda Eaken, 5/6/13\n- Charlotte's Pro-Transit Mayor a Good Choice to Head the Department of Transportation\n- posted by Peter Lehner, 5/6/13", "summary": "The document outlines a range of renewable‑energy initiatives related to transportation, emphasizing the shift from oil to cleaner fuels such as biofuels and electricity for cars, trucks, buses, and aviation. It highlights a five‑step plan to address global warming through clean energy and green jobs, advocates for Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) that mandate a share of electricity from wind, solar, and biomass, and notes the NRDC’s Aviation Biofuel Sustainability Survey. It also warns against using forests for biomass electricity, arguing this harms air quality and future generations."}
{"id": "860da902d5e5cf44e4ae534af44feed440fe7f23390df4bd2d0378fca40f3c5c", "source": "How fortunate is it for students across America that bin Laden's death took place at a time when standardized tests have been completed for this school year?\nA knowledge of the world around us does not appear to be a priority to those who have shackled schools in chains of \"accountability\" and \"reform\".\nUnderstanding the importance of the death of Osama bin Laden does not help students understand math problems, and it does nothing to raise their scores on standardized tests.\nHad this momentous event taken place one month ago, many teachers across this great country would have had to ignore the news in their classrooms. Being citizens of the United States and the world is not a priority in this landscape of billionaires who seek to turn public education into an assembly line for underpaid workers (if public education manages to survive).\nIf this were a month ago, teachers in many school districts, fearful of the impact of No Child Left Behind, branded as failures if test scores slip even a decimal point, would have been told not to veer from the test prep curriculum.\nIf the death of Osama bin Laden is not on the test, then you do not teach about the death of Osama bin Laden.\nMonday, May 02, 2011\nCan we teach about the death of Osama bin Laden if it is not on the test?\nIn my latest Huffington Post blog, I address how the complete emphasis on teaching to the test and the emphasis on two subjects, math and reading, at the expense of all others is causing public education to neglect its responsibility to teach students about the world around them:", "summary": "The author argues that the timing of Osama bin Laden's death, occurring after standardized testing, highlights how U.S. schools prioritize test preparation over teaching current events, limiting students' understanding of the world; they criticize accountability measures like No Child Left Behind for discouraging teachers from addressing topics not on exams, suggesting this focus reduces education to a narrow, test‑driven agenda."}
{"id": "866422c2dc081eeffb52bc239234aa9a1ecb75e7727cef92455f73bd918a55b8", "source": "The known facts about St. Brigid of Kildare are few, but she is revered as one of Ireland's three patron saints (along with Patrick and Columba).\nWhat we do know is that she was a fifth-century nun who founded the Abbey of Kildare, southwest of Dublin. Both monks and nuns lived there, and many accounts record that Brigid served as superior of both the men and women. In any event, the Abbey of Kildare contributed significantly to the spread of Christianity throughout Ireland at a time when traditional Irish religion was disappearing.\nMany miracles have been attributed to Brigid. What is more certain is that she was an extraordinary woman who was known especially for her generosity to the poor. Because of the prominence the Abbey of Kildare gained under Brigid's leadership, she is considered the special patron of scholars. Her feast day is observed on February 1.", "summary": "St. Brigid of Kildare, a fifth‑century nun, is one of Ireland’s three patron saints and founded the Abbey of Kildare southwest of Dublin, overseeing both monks and nuns. The abbey played a key role in spreading Christianity as traditional Irish religion waned. Brigid is noted for her generosity to the poor and is regarded as the patron of scholars; many miracles are attributed to her. Her feast day is celebrated on February 1."}
{"id": "87068eb1d6e8a9c01c00032d96bfee61ca7ee93b4d390048f0148399ea652eea", "source": "With a staggeringly large population of over a billion people, Republic India is the world’s largest democracy. We have people of various religions, castes, cultures, and ethnicities amongst our citizens – and governing such a myriad population is an extremely difficult task. Since Independence, we’ve observed many changes in social, economical, and even technological aspects, and the key function that opens doors to all these facets is the political system in India.\nGovernments change with time and power slips from one political party to another, but as the public say, they are all just the same. We’ve not seen any evolution in the political system itself, and it’s high time that we hand over the reins to our youth.\nApproximately half of the population of our country is under the age of 35 years, then why is it that a majority of our leaders are more than 60 years old? Don’t you find it ironic that an experienced politician’s career reaches its apex just as common man is preparing to line up outside the pension office?\nPolitics is a noble profession – it is one of the most significant ways in which we can make a real difference in the lives of people. And youth have much to contribute to this profession. They are not only enthusiastic and energetic, but they have a creative mind to come up with fresh, new ideas for development. They are open minded and they have the intellectual strength to face the nations problems head on.\nGiven the chance to rise and act, youth have the dynamism to generate a huge transformation in society. Being involved in politics does not mean rallying or striking – it means being politically aware – it means that when you open the newspaper, you read about what is going on around you rather than just skipping over to the cinema gossip or sports columns.\nThe most potent power lies in the hands of common man, the power to vote. And by extension, that includes the power to question wrongdoings and demand justice, and I believe that youth can wield this power to its maximum by making their voice heard.\nChange is the only constant in this world – and we need drastic change in our political system. 69 years of independence, and India is still tagged a “developing” nation. When will we have the fortune to change its designation as a “developed” country – when we open the gates and invite youth into the political arena. Then only can we bring about major changes in the society and push the nation towards advancement. I don’t say that it will be easy, but it will be worth it. After all, today’s youth are tomorrow’s leaders.Recommend0 recommendationsPublished in News, Politics, Relationships", "summary": "The author argues that despite India’s large, youthful population, most political leaders are over 60, and the political system has not evolved since independence. They claim youth bring energy, creativity, and openness, which could drive major societal transformation if they are more involved in politics and voting. The piece suggests that greater youth participation is essential for India to shift from a developing to a developed nation."}
{"id": "87faaf73abb2289e3dfd0329c24c2253e958617b2e57983c54a13e9deeed007c", "source": "Paris – Cod, sole and plaice might be regulars on European dinner tables but as climate change heats the oceans common species are heading to cooler northern waters — with profound potential consequences for fish stocks and consumers.\nExperts say bluefin tuna, seahorse and the bright triggerfish from the tropics are swimming to Europe’s warming seas while fish such as cod are migrating northwards.\n“We will see less of the fish we know, and we will see tropical fish arriving that we did not know (here) until now,” said Clara Ulrich, a fisheries scientist and assistant director at the French Research Institute for Exploration of the Sea.\nShe said the bluefin tuna is returning to the North Sea and said seahorse and balistes, a tropical fish seen in hot areas, are arriving in European waters.\nUlrich explained it is not that species such as cod have disappeared from European waters but there will be less of them along the French and Spanish coasts and more of them in colder climates such as in Norway and Scotland.\n“It is not that fish migrate to the North as such, but it is that fish populations in the south are becoming less and less productive and therefore their density is decreasing,” she said.\n“While fish from colder areas can benefit from an increase in temperature and become more productive themselves,” she added.\n“Fish resources are very dynamic. It’s not physics, not everything happens as planned,” said Manuel Barange, Director of Fisheries and Aquaculture Department at the FAO, the UN agency for agriculture and food.\n“There will be changes from year to year, but we do expect that there’s (a) shift of species, of warmer water species towards the north,” he added.\n– Fears over ‘fish wars’ –\nThis may require adaptation on the part of consumers, who he said should make the most of the new species that become available.\n“Anchovies arrived in the UK and I’ve seen them in the UK markets, they are incredibly cheap, because nobody buys them, so we need to start educating the public to start eating the fish that they have rather than just simply the fish that they used to have and they like to eat,” Barange said.\nHe said the same goes for red mullet, which is usually found in the Mediterranean but it is barely eaten in the UK even when it is sold cheaply.\nOverfishing is also to blame for depleting fish numbers and the destruction of underwater habitat.\nMap of exclusive economic zones surrounding the UK and neigbouring coastal states\nIn July, the European Commission announced a five month ban on fishing cod, the staple of Britain’s fish and chips, in most of the Baltic sea in response to an impending stock collapse.\n“The main cause of the collapse of commercial populations is overfishing,” said Francois Chartier who heads the Greenpeace oceans campaign in France.\nHe said it is urgent that ocean food chains are maintained so that their role as a “carbon pump” is not jeopardized.\n“Like forests, it absorbs CO2, it produces oxygen, it’s photosynthesis, if you have a food chain in the ocean that is unstructured, you will have much more difficulty for the oceans to ensure that it functions in the climate system,” he warned.\nThe other issue for fisheries are quotas between countries as species migrate north.\nThis was seen during the years-long “mackerel and herring wars” fought between the EU and Norway against Iceland and the Faroe Islands.\nThe island territory and Iceland sparked a backlash after unilaterally increasing fishing quotas in 2010 after the fish migrated to its waters due to rising sea temperatures.\nThe FAO’s Barange warned if management systems in some countries are not very effective now, they will be even less so once new species arrive.\nHe said that some countries will have to learn to “work with neighbouring countries”.\n“The fish see no boundaries, no borders and have no passport, so you need to start getting institutions that are capable of dealing with things that move from one point to another,” he added.\nBy Nicolas Gubert", "summary": "Scientists warn that warming oceans are causing traditional European fish such as cod to move northward toward colder waters like Norway and Scotland, while tropical species including bluefin tuna, seahorses and triggerfish are appearing in European seas. This shift may affect fish stocks, consumer habits, and international fishing quotas, raising concerns about overfishing, habitat loss, and the need for coordinated management across borders."}
{"id": "892f515ee876d942b68e94e5d18703d005e10463cd4687a77cf54e56b2e86207", "source": "When we talk about Dadaism we think of a radical movement. Dadaism disrupts formal ways of thinking. So many of the people view Dadaist as anti-art (Richmond 5). “Dadaism got its name, according to Richard Huelsenbeck, a German artist living in Zurich, when he and Ball came upon the word in a French-German dictionary”( Weikop 1).\nPeople in the early twentieth century considered Dadaist worse than communist because they attacked the traditional values (Richmond 5). Early people who went against the Dadaist were concerned about how Dadaism was going to affect the social and political radicalism. Dadaism quickly became famous in twentieth century because “insulting audience is a common practice in Dadaism” (Richmond 5).\nMany people view Dadaist as anarchist. Dadaism is similar to anarchism in many natures because both of them are based on defiance of the society (Richmond 7). Ernest, Dali and Miro were some of the famous Dadaist that shows the “irrationality of the human nature” (Richmond 7). Even though Dadaism has to endure so much criticism, it is an asset to our society and makes a great difference in how we think today.\nRichmond, Oliver P. \"Dadaism and the Peace Differend.\" Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 32.4 (2007): 445-472. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 16 Apr. 2010.\nWeikop, Christian. \"DADA DIALOGICS.\" Art History 31.1 (2008): 128-133. World History Collection. EBSCO. Web. 16 Apr. 2010.", "summary": "The text describes Dadaism as a radical early‑20th‑century movement that challenged formal thinking and traditional values, often being labeled anti‑art or anarchist; it notes that Richard Huelsenbeck claimed the term arose from a French‑German dictionary, that Dadaist practices like insulting audiences were common, and that artists such as Ernest, Dalí and Miró exemplified its focus on human irrationality, with the author arguing that despite criticism Dadaism remains a valuable societal influence."}
{"id": "898640bc88823fe334a81347204ae9d067285d5610e94924ff426b42e59bc059", "source": "The lack of access to high-quality childcare and preschool is an ongoing problem that was highlighted during the pandemic. Increasing funding for access is often in the news, and part of the proposed Build Back Better bill.\nHerein we outline the science about access to high-quality preschool and provide proposed policy actions.\nResearch shows that effective, high-quality preschool education provides many benefits for children of all backgrounds. Pure-academic gains from early education are often negligible by later grade levels due to “fade out,”; however, long-term studies on the effects of early education programs show that children who attended preschool programs have lower incarceration rates, better health outcomes, and increased rates high school graduation and completion of higher education degrees. This may be due to the non-academic benefits of acquiring emotional and developmental skills that help children prepare for life both inside and outside the classroom. Children who are English learners, who come from low-income or single-parent families, or who have an incarcerated parent see greatly improved academic outcomes over the course of their education as a result of preschool attendance.\nPublic pre-k programs also help further stimulate our economy. Accessible early education is vital for parents to remain in the workforce. But because funding is limited, many parents cannot find affordable preschool programs near them. Though Georgia preschool programs are technically open to all, a limited budget requires centers to cap attendance numbers steeply. As a consequence, only 15% of Georgia’s low-income children were enrolled in head-start. Those who can find programs (most having to resort to private options) can often not afford the steep (and increasing) cost. Despite the US Department of Health and Human Services advising that childcare programs should cost no more than 10% of a family’s monthly income, most programs cost nearly 75% of the average household income. For most, the annual cost of pre-k is almost 18% higher than the cost of sending your child to a four-year public college.\nProposed Actions to Take\nResearch shows that fully funding the Pre-K system, will bolster Georgia’s economy and set up our children for success. Implementing high-quality early education programs that cost, at most, 10% of a family’s income will add a calculated 4.59 billion dollars of economic activity to our economy. Subsidized early childhood education programs remove the vast – and often debilitating – financial burden from parents, helping us sustain our workforce (a priority for our state, as labor shortages increase).\nThe associated decreased rates of poor health outcomes, poverty, and incarceration from pre-k attendance also dramatically lessen overall costs for the state. Reducing these areas of need will allow funds to be reinvested further into our economy and offset the costs of funding Pre-K. Subsidized early childhood education programs remove the huge – and often debilitating – financial burden from parents, allowing them to remain in their jobs and sustaining our workforce.\nAdditionally, increased collaboration between the K-12 system and early childcare will further the benefits of Pre-K and help combat the fade-out phenomenon to retain academic gains made in early life.\nScience for Georgia will continue highlighting disparities in early education and childcare access, emphasizing the long-term benefits preschool access provides for everyone. We will continue to work with our partners across the state to advocate for federal and state funding for these essential programs.\nSources and Additional Readings\nCost/Benefit Analysis and Success Rates for Early Intervention Preschool Programs\nIn Depth Overview on the Science of Early Childhood Development\nBoosts in Early Skill Sets as a Result of Pre-School Attendance\nHow Georgia Rates Pre-K Education Programs\nThe Cost of Child Care in Georgia:\nHow Fully Funded Pre-K Programs in DC Benefitted Local Families and The Economy\nBasics on Georgia’s Pre-K Program\nHow Pre-K Programs are Currently Funded:\nIncreased College Graduation and Preschool Attendance\nReduced Rates of Substance Abuse and Preschool Attendance", "summary": "The document outlines research indicating that high-quality preschool yields long-term benefits such as lower incarceration, better health, and higher graduation rates, especially for English learners, low‑income, single‑parent, or children of incarcerated parents, while pure academic gains may fade. It notes that Georgia’s limited funding restricts access, with only 15% of low‑income children enrolled in Head Start and costs far exceeding the recommended 10% of family income. Proposed actions include fully funding Pre‑K to boost the state economy by an estimated $4.59 billion, reduce health, poverty, and incarceration costs, and improve workforce stability, alongside greater K‑12 collaboration to sustain academic gains."}
{"id": "899c282ae63583ce2f84d70f618667ee9582adaaac80660ab69948627013182a", "source": "Coins and Context – THE INDIAN HEAD CENTS\nAfter a short two years of minting the first small cents, the ones with the well-known flying eagles, James B. Longacre was called upon to come up with a new design that would hopefully mitigate the production issues: weak strikes, fast wearing dies, and over-stressed coin presses.\nAnd so, in 1859, the Indian Head Cent was introduced.\nThe front side, or obverse, bore a fanciful rendition of a Plains Indian tribal chief, the date, and the legend “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA” around and near the edge.\nThe reverse side featured a laurel wreath at the edge, surrounding the denominational “ONE CENT” inscription.\nThis was a nice coin but did not meet the manufacturing needs at hand. These in fact related more to the new copper-nickel alloy, not the design. But this was not quickly perceived, and Longacre took another crack at manipulating the look by substituting an oak wreath for the laurel and adding a Union shield at the top of the 1860 coin for good measure. This left the 1859 Indian Cent as a one-year type (to the great delight of contemporary and modern-day collectors.)\nThe oak leaf and shield Indian Head Cents did strike up a bit better but were still hard on the equipment. It was time to consider changing up the metal to something else – perhaps an alloy with a record of accomplishment… French Bronze.\nThis was a metal whose elastic strength had burnished its reputation on the battlefields of Europe as an excellent material for fabricating practical and durable cannon barrels.\nUnlike the troublesome copper-nickel alloy of the small cents produced thus far, bronze was a mixture of copper with a bit of tin and zinc. Bronze was even lighter than copper-nickel, and to the benefit of the coiner, easier on the dies and presses. Coins struck up sharply and production costs were lower.\nBut there’s another part of the bronze penny story quite unrelated to manufacturing. Another context, if you will… the oncoming American Civil War.\nThe years during the runup to the war, before the firing began in 1861, are remembered as a time of increasing tension and apprehension. Throughout history people have hoarded money during wartime -- hard money of gold and silver -- as a hedge against societal breakdown. This began to happen in the late 1850s as political solutions were attempted and failed. New York banks began to restrict and finally curtail payouts in gold and silver, which rapidly disappeared from the commerce as people held their coins close. It was not long before even pennies became scarce in change.\nMerchants felt this unexpected penny pinch immediately. In reaction, they contracted with private mints to supply them with coin-like tokens made from inexpensive bronze. (These are the Civil War tokens that have become a growing subset of collector interest today.) The federal government took note and realized that it, too, could produce less a intrinsically valuable bronze version of the current US cent to stem the tide of the questionably legal tokens.\nBut it wasn’t until 1864, when the war had run for all of three years, that the first bronze Indian Head Cents appeared. They were soon able to overcome the proliferation of the privately made tokens. Collectors agree that most of the tokens were dated 1863, and many fewer 1864.\nThe Indian Cent was to be produced for 4 and a half more decades. So, there’s more to this story that we’ve yet to cover.\nCome back and read our next “Coins and Context” post to learn the rest of the Indian Head Cent story.\nIn the meantime, checkout our inventory on the website or visit the store to see the coins in person. We’ll be glad to continue the conversation!", "summary": "The Indian Head Cent was introduced in 1859 to address production problems with earlier small cents, featuring a Plains Indian chief on the obverse and a laurel wreath on the reverse; a 1860 redesign added an oak wreath and Union shield. Persistent striking issues led to a switch to a bronze alloy in 1864, which was easier on equipment and cheaper to produce. The change also helped counter the shortage of pennies during the Civil War, when private bronze tokens proliferated, and the bronze cent eventually remained in circulation for over four decades."}
{"id": "8b64abd3f65070075bd05010917808f8c66869b5f59e00e43422705ff319a4ed", "source": "How does carbon dioxide cause global warming?\n(Lansing State Journal, August 31, 1994)\nBecause of our heavy use of fossil fuels, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been increasing since the industrial revolution. The destruction of forests which use carbon dioxide also contributes to the increase in carbon dioxide.\nMost of the light energy from the sun is emitted in wavelengths shorter than 4,000 nanometers (.000004 meters). The heat energy released from the earth, however, is released in wavelengths longer than 4,000 nanometers. Carbon dioxide doesn't absorb the energy from the sun, but it does absorb some of the heat energy released from the earth. When a molecule of carbon dioxide absorbs heat energy, it goes into an excited unstable state. It can become stable again by releasing the energy it absorbed. Some of the released energy will go back to the earth and some will go out into space.\nSo in effect, carbon dioxide lets the light energy in, but doesn't let all of the heat energy out, similar to a greenhouse.\nCurrently, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing at the rate of about one part per million per year. If this continues, some meteorologists expect that the average temperature of the earth will increase by about 2.5 degrees Celsius. This doesn't sound like much, but it could be enough to cause glaciers to melt, which would cause coastal flooding.", "summary": "The document explains that fossil fuel use and forest loss have raised atmospheric carbon dioxide since the industrial revolution. CO₂ absorbs infrared heat emitted by Earth but not solar light, trapping some heat like a greenhouse and causing warming. It notes CO₂ levels are rising by about one part per million per year, and predicts a possible 2.5 °C average temperature increase, which could melt glaciers and lead to coastal flooding."}
{"id": "8c3ad62266118fe40713e97aa83c81eb50cac8efce939fafe37a58f2adf6427e", "source": "Programming for the Web has become a hot topic since the rise of “Web 2.0”, which focuses on user-generated content on web sites. It has always been possible to use Python for creating web sites, but it was a rather tedious task. Therefore, many frameworks and helper tools have been created to assist developers in creating faster and more robust sites.\n3 Apr, 2019\nExamples of time subtraction in Python. Using the best date-time library called Pendulum. You can use add or subtract to alter time.\n11 Mar, 2019\nHMAC (a keyed-hash message authentication code) is used to verify API request. HMAC is constructed by concatenating form parameter key and value pairs into a string ordered by alphabetic order of the...\n27 Feb, 2017\nYou can save files to Amazon with Python using library called boto. Boto is a Python interface to Amazon Web Services and we need just a tiny part of it. If you have very large files you have to...\n20 Feb, 2017\nTo get custom columns from a query you can use the with_entities() method to restrict which columns you'd like to return in the result. Use label() method to give AS value to your query. To use...\n10 Feb, 2017\nSnippet shows you how to write to temporary directory. You can either write a single file, or do stuff in a directory. In any case you should remove the files and folders after you have done your...\n27 Jan, 2017\nGet timestamp in seconds as integer in Python using the time library.\n19 May, 2016\nThis snippet shows you how to convert po files to mo files. Po is the raw plain-text translation file with key value storage format. Mo files are compiled po files, binary format allows you to read...\n11 May, 2016\nRead and decode json file in Python. You can use the same method for regular json strings.\n11 May, 2016\nPretty print array, meaning that you print array, dictionary, object or any non string format in human-friendly way. This is great for terminal / command line. When you are looking for something for...\n4 May, 2016\nThis short snippet shows how to define an array in Python.\n3 Feb, 2016\nGet current time with timezone in Python. This can be achieved using a library named arrow. It's a datetime library for correct and easy calculations using only one library.\n2 Feb, 2016\nGenerating hmac involves using \"private\" key. So you you need to \"double encode it\". In python you can achieve it using two libraries hashlib and hmac.\n1 Feb, 2016\nAdd column collation to column creation in SQLAlchemy. Optional, a column-level collation for use in DDL and CAST expressions. Renders using the COLLATE keyword supported by SQLite, MySQL, and...\n29 Jan, 2016\nUsing SQLAlchemy to create table columns. To use numeric data types you have to use mysql dialects.\n7 Nov, 2015\nCheck if a python module is installed or not on the system. The simplest way to do it is in terminal.", "summary": "The document is a collection of short Python programming snippets and tips dated from 2015 to 2019, covering topics such as web development frameworks for Web 2.0, date‑time manipulation with Pendulum and Arrow, HMAC generation using hashlib and hmac, file handling with Amazon S3 via boto, SQLAlchemy column and table creation, JSON reading, pretty‑printing data structures, temporary directory usage, and checking module installation, each accompanied by brief usage notes."}
{"id": "936e0258a6b550c4ac25e95bbaaf55a27caa1f221c31e25511a629ca1a5a9380", "source": "Scientists reveal highly detailed imagery of California seafloor CSUMB’s Seafloor Mapping Lab leading the way\nThe California Ocean Protection Council and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Marine Sanctuary Program have announced findings revealing unprecedented detailed imagery of the seafloor, including in areas of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary off Half Moon Bay, where the famed “Mavericks” waves are among the largest in the continental United States.\nDr. Rikk Kvitek and CSUMB’s Seafloor Mapping Lab are leading this $3.5 million project.\nThe California Coast State Waters Mapping Project allows scientists for the first time to see highly detailed, three-dimensional images of the seafloor off California’s coast. New data illustrates the rugged seafloor conditions surrounding Mavericks more clearly and helps better explain ocean ecosystems and underwater activities like large waves and earthquakes.\n“This type of cutting-edge research is essential to understanding the unique aspects of our national marine sanctuaries,” said Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary Superintendent Maria Brown. “The marine sanctuary will use these images to educate future ocean scientists and foster citizen stewardship.”\nUsing advanced sonar equipment called shipboard multibeam echo sounders and aerial light detection bathymetric sensing instruments, detailed underwater pictures were produced. The images distinguish critical underwater habitats and highlight the faults, chasms, fissures, crevices, and pinnacles on the sea floor. Scientists and resource managers will use the information to identify potential biological hot spots to aid their understanding of the highly productive, diverse undersea ecosystem along the California coast.\n“This research is extremely valuable in identifying areas important to the Marine Life Protection Act process and could simultaneously help to predict seismic hazards along California’s coast,” said Secretary for Resources Mike Chrisman, chair of the Ocean Protection Council.\nAlso significant is the survey’s charting of navigational hazards such as hidden reefs and sunken obstacles. Knowing where hazards are located is essential for the safety of vessels that use these waters. This is the first time scientists have been able to show the shallow near shore reef in such detail.\nGeologic hazards along the seismically active California coast have also been identified. The survey documents the position and physical features associated with the marine segments of the San Gregorio fault in the Half Moon Bay Area, a major active fault within the San Andreas Fault System.\nThe project is a collaboration of the California Ocean Protection Council, the California Coastal Conservancy’s California Coastal and Marine Mapping Initiative, the California Department of Fish and Game, U.S. Geological Survey, and the Monterey Bay Sanctuary Foundation, and the National Marine Sanctuaries. Dr. Rikk Kvitek, Director of the Seafloor Mapping Lab at California State University, Monterey Bay, and Guy Cochrane of the United States Geological Survey, led the project. Project partners also include Fugro Pelagos International and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories.\n| Public Affairs Offices/Campus News\n[Bakersfield] [Chancellor's Office] [Channel Islands] [Chico]\n[Dominguez Hills] [East Bay] [Fresno] [Fullerton] [Humboldt] [Long Beach] [Los Angeles] [Maritime Academy] [Monterey_Bay] [Northridge] [Pomona] [Sacramento] [San Bernardino] [San Diego] [San Francisco] [San Jose] [San Luis Obispo] [San Marcos] [Sonoma] [Stanislaus]", "summary": "The California Ocean Protection Council and NOAA announced that CSUMB’s Seafloor Mapping Lab, led by Dr. Rikk Kvitek, has produced highly detailed three‑dimensional images of the California coast’s seafloor, including the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary near Half Moon Bay’s Mavericks waves. Using shipboard multibeam echo sounders and aerial bathymetric sensors, the $3.5 million project mapped habitats, faults, chasms, reefs and other hazards, identifying biological hotspots, informing the Marine Life Protection Act process, and aiding seismic‑hazard prediction. The effort involved multiple state and federal agencies and partners such as Fugro Pelagos International and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories."}
{"id": "93abcf1ffdefdc075382a00c9170728715070e0a36ebd38d516aa700ba78cc31", "source": "Wikipedia brings a new resource to students\nEverton Bailey, Staff Writer\nOctober 23, 2006\nFiled under Uncategorized\nWikipedia.com, a popular online encyclopedia that thrives on contributions from the average person, recently established a subsection called Students Wikia.\nThe purpose of this “Wiki” (a site network under the Wikipedia umbrella) is for “all university and school student communities to share information that they think is necessary,” according to the Web site.\nThis information, which could range from news about events on and off campus to a breakdown of the history of the town a campus is located in, is given by students of these respective universities.\n“I’ve made it my mission to present people with a completely open forum to build communities based on their interests and passions,” stated Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales in a press release. “I am inviting all those individuals who share the same enthusiasm that I do for growing communities to help lead the charge in developing Wikis for their universities.”\nTristan Harris, founder of a Wikia for Stanford University, stated that while traditional resources for prospective and current students like a university’s official Web site can be good for “information gathering at the surface level… For students looking for current, under-the-radar tips and tricks that only other students would know, Wikis are the way to go,” according to the Students Wikia Web site.\nWikipedia, launched in the late fall of 2004, has since amassed over 2,000 different “Wikia” available in over 45 languages. Students Wikia has been around since early 2005 and many universities across the country have taken advantage of this unique online resource and have “Wikis” of their own. NYU, Duke, University of Virginia and UCLA are just a few of over 40 national institutes who have “mini Wikis” courtesy of members of their respective student body.\nThere has been some concern over the accuracy of facts posted, both on Students Wikia and other Wikipedia sites.\n“It can be helpful if the student (reviewer) is honest,” said freshman Tori Stein, “but at the same time, they could be biased or [provide false information].”\nBecause of these issues, only users registered with Students Wikias can post facts.\nAlthough St. John’s does not yet have its own “mini-Wiki,” students have responded positively to the idea.\n“It appears this site has found a productive way to bring students together,” said freshman Bryan Upshur. “Compared to Myspace and Facebook, it’s a lot more informative and helpful to the college community.”\n“This website provides a variety of information for both potential and current students from different universities nationwide,” agreed freshman Jasmin Noel. “Student Wikipedia is a great way to take a closer look and explore different aspects of the college experience.”", "summary": "Wikipedia launched a Students Wikia subsection to let university and school students share campus‑related information, ranging from event news to local history, with contributions limited to registered users. Founder Jimmy Wales promoted the open forum for building interest‑based communities, and founders like Tristan Harris highlighted its value for insider tips beyond official university sites. By 2006, over 2,000 Wikia sites existed in 45 languages, with more than 40 U.S. institutions such as NYU, Duke, UVA, and UCLA operating mini‑Wikis, though concerns about accuracy and bias were noted."}
{"id": "942161f923cc87da1fe0a85611fb005253ea4914eac81b21e5979e05ba981881", "source": "The latest news from academia, regulators\nresearch labs and other things of interest\nPosted: Aug 12, 2012\nScientists' gold discovery sheds light on catalysis\n(Nanowerk News) A physicist at the University of York has played a key role in international research which has made an important advance in establishing the catalytic properties of gold at a nano level.\nDr Keith McKenna was part of a research team which discovered that the catalytic activity of nanoporous gold (NPG) originates from high concentrations of surface defects present within its complex three-dimensional structure.\nBulk gold – the sort used in watches and jewellery – is inert but nanoporous gold possesses high catalytic activity towards oxidation reactions. The research team, which also included scientists from Japan, China and the USA, discovered, that this activity can be identified with surface defects found within its complex nanoporous structure. While nanoporous gold exhibits comparable activity to nanoparticulate gold, it is considerably more stable making it attractive for the development of catalysts with high performance and long lifetimes.\nThey created NPG by immersing an alloy of gold and silver in a chemical solution which removed the latter metal to create a porous atomic structure. Then, using transmission electron microscopy, they were able to detect evidence that the surface defects on the NPG were active sites for catalysis and the residual silver made them substantially more stable.\nDr McKenna, of the Department of Physics at the University of York, said: “Unlike gold nanoparticles, dealloyed NPG is unsupported so we are able to monitor its catalytic activity more accurately. We found that there are many surface defects present within the complex structure of NPG which are responsible for the high catalytic activity.\n“This work has given us a greater understanding of the catalytic mechanisms of NPG which will, in turn, shed light on the mechanisms of gold catalysis more broadly.”\nThe research also involved the WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan; Ectopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Japan; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, USA, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.\nThe research was sponsored by JST-PRESTO, JST-CREST and the Sekisui research fund.", "summary": "Physicist Dr. Keith McKenna of the University of York helped a multinational team discover that the catalytic activity of nanoporous gold (NPG) stems from high concentrations of surface defects within its three‑dimensional porous structure, making it far more active and stable than bulk gold or gold nanoparticles for oxidation reactions. The team created NPG by dealloying a gold‑silver alloy, used transmission electron microscopy to identify defect sites as active catalysts, and noted that residual silver enhances stability. The work involved collaborators from Japan, China, and the USA and was funded by JST‑PRESTO, JST‑CREST, and the Sekisui research fund."}
{"id": "945fb266551bd6e887a82eb7cf2226e24c4e1e369f44bbbce6170e467eaff9eb", "source": "Perancangan Aplikasi Animasi Interaktif Sosialisasi Kanker Payudara untuk Wanita Remaja dan Dewasa\nKeywords:Designing, Interactive Animation Application, Socialization of Breast Cancer\nThere are types of cancer that many suffered and feared by women, namely breast cancer after cervical cancer. Breast cancer is a type of cancer that attacks the breast organ, where the cells in the breast divide and grow out of control. Breast cancer patients ranks first with the percentage of cases 43.1% and death percentage 12.9% (Data Globocan 2012). Signs of breast cancer today do not recognize the age limit, many cases found early signs of breast cancer in adolescence and cases of self-examination delay in Indonesia is very high reached more than 80%, so that found in advanced patients who can aggravate the situation. In response to this case, the authors are motivated to create an interactive animation application as a medium of socialization to the community, especially women so that they are aware of the importance of early detection of breast cancer and as prevention of breast cancer spread to a higher stage of lenih high.", "summary": "The authors propose an interactive animation application to educate women, including adolescents, about breast cancer, emphasizing early detection to reduce the high rates of late-stage diagnosis in Indonesia, where self‑examination delays exceed 80% and breast cancer accounts for 43.1% of cases and 12.9% of cancer deaths (Globocan 2012)."}
{"id": "94933a7f43db2c0b4614895918143cf20779b9a9637b5ed9139370fd78d03295", "source": "American politician, 14th President of the United States (in office from 1853 to 1857)\nFranklin Pierce was the 14th President of the United States (1853–1857), a northern Democrat who saw the abolitionist movement as a fundamental threat to the unity of the nation. He alienated anti-slavery groups by championing and signing the Kansas–Nebraska Act and enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act; yet he failed to stem conflict between North and South, setting the stage for Southern secession and the American Civil War.Read more on\nThere are 20 more famous people who are born on the same day as Franklin Pierce. We're showing the top 4 most popular below but you can see the rest here.\nThere are -1 more celebrities who are age 218 like Franklin Pierce. We're showing the top 4 most popular below but you can see the rest here.\nSorry, no results found", "summary": "Franklin Pierce, a northern Democrat, served as the 14th President of the United States from 1853 to 1857; he viewed the abolitionist movement as a threat to national unity, signed the Kansas–Nebraska Act and enforced the Fugitive Slave Act, actions that alienated anti‑slavery groups and failed to prevent growing North‑South tensions that later led to Southern secession and the Civil War."}
{"id": "94a464b2e83e9417c337fd65bf6e54b4bad086e3dfa23be5c694de23aefa94d0", "source": "Ernest Friedrich Schumacher’s essay “Buddhist Economics” was first published in 1966 in the book ASIA: A HANDBOOK. In 1973 it was included in Schumacher’s book SMALL IS BEAUTIFUL: ECONOMICS AS IF PEOPLE MATTERED. This 47 year old essay jewel contains much wisdom for how we need to refocus our economy if we want to have a healthy and prosperous world. What follows are some of the core concepts from the essay.\nWe need to admit that our current economic system based on unlimited exponential growth on a finite planet has reached the end of its useful life, and that it continued use is causing serious problems for our State and our Planet.\nWe need to revise our view of work to see that its true value comes from the following three functions:\n1. allowing people to utilize and develop all their skills and talents;\n2. enable them to overcome ego-centeredness by joining together with other people in a common task;\n3. and to bring forth the goods and services needed for our communities to thrive.\nWe need to realize that using local resources to satisfy local needs is to most efficient way to a sustainable future.\nWe need to adopt an environmental ethic where we no longer view our “natural resources” as simply means to create more goods and services - and instead start to embrace the reality that we are completely dependent on and part of the ecosystems that sustain us.\nWe need to significantly reduce our energy consumption, phase out the use of non-renewable energy sources and transition to the use of renewable energy sources.\nThese five ideas will go a long way in guiding us to a sustainable future.", "summary": "Ernest Friedrich Schumacher’s 1966 essay “Buddhist Economics,” later republished in Small Is Beautiful, argues that the current growth‑driven economy on a finite planet is unsustainable and calls for a shift toward sustainability. He proposes that work’s true value lies in developing personal skills, fostering collective purpose, and producing community‑needed goods and services. He advocates using local resources for local needs, adopting an environmental ethic that sees humans as part of ecosystems, and dramatically cutting energy use by phasing out non‑renewables in favor of renewables."}
{"id": "94c5dde297f8bdaafeb204457708dd57310448381fd9ac9e885aad76aa8fdae2", "source": "Human trafficking is a major issue in the world. Many people, children and foreigners are being taken hostage and used in many different ways in regard to human trafficking. Some are used as sex slaves; others are used for organ harvesting. No matter who they are or why they are selected, it is important to know how to prevent human trafficking wherever we can.\nWatch what you buy\nOne thing that you can do is try to identify products and services that are produced by those suffering from human trafficking. There are ways to do your research online and even through talks in your local communities. If we are conscious as to what it is we purchase we are not feeding the human trafficking trade and will help put a stop to it.\nLocate local groups and volunteer\nOne of the best ways to help is to find organizations and local groups that you can volunteer with and really get into the middle of the problem and help solve problems. You can go online and look for local organizations and contact them to see where you can be most useful.\nMeet with local government officials\nTo get things to change you need to go straight to the top. You will want to contact your local congressmen and women, mayors and other politicians. When you communicate with them you can state your position, tell them your ideas and work with them on trying to solve the problems.\nCreate your own organizations\nThey say, if you want something done right you need to do it yourself. With all of the information you have gathered from the previous suggestions, you can take that information and resources that you have gathered and start your own organization. With this organization you can really do events that you want to run, make changes the way you see fit and really take charge in your cause.", "summary": "The document highlights human trafficking as a global problem affecting people, children, and foreigners, who may be forced into sexual slavery or organ harvesting, and urges prevention through consumer awareness, volunteering with local groups, engaging government officials, and potentially creating new organizations to address the issue."}
{"id": "9609ef05d79687118975af30f1137ab1c44a9b72b7a87f12839c5babe6fc37c4", "source": "1 in 7 Hospital-Acquired Infections Are Due to Superbugs\nOne out of seven infections caught in hospitals are a result of ‘superbugs’, according to Fox News.\nSuper Bacteria Resistant to Antibiotics\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention reported the most common superbugs include the staph infection MRSA and five other bacteria resistant to many kinds of antibiotics.\nFew of these superbugs have treatments to fight an infection in already sick patients.\nBreakdown of Hospital Spread Infections Statistics\nAbout 1 in 25 patients will suffer an infection received from a hospital, so officials are now working to keep infections in check, the CDC reports.\nFor their analysis, the CDC focused on infections linked to certain surgical procedures and the use of catheters in U.S. hospitals, from 2008 through 2014. They found that one out of seven infections caught in hospitals are a result of super germs.\nFurther, one in four infections occurred in specialized long-stay hospitals. Basically those are patients who have been at the hospital for a longer time, giving them a higher chance to be exposed.\nFighting the Problem\nAround the 1940’s, antibiotics came into play and were quite effective. However, in recent years the antibiotics have stopped being as effective because of overuse and misuse. Health officials have been raising awareness about the issue for years.\nThe CDC’s director, Dr. Tom Frieden, said that fighting the problem requires more careful and judicious use of antibiotics, “Doctors are the key to stamping out superbugs”.", "summary": "The CDC reports that about one in seven hospital-acquired infections are caused by antibiotic‑resistant bacteria, commonly including MRSA and five other superbugs, and that roughly one in 25 patients acquire a hospital infection, with a higher incidence in long‑stay facilities. Treatments for many of these resistant infections are limited, and officials attribute the rise to overuse of antibiotics since the 1940s. CDC Director Dr. Tom Frieden emphasizes that more prudent antibiotic prescribing by doctors is essential to curb the spread."}
{"id": "96748976e1981f738f57be001fa0de40d94eba95b63ff996e66574456b6d7931", "source": "|Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington's wand|\n13th century (possibly)\n- \"It is true, of course, that genuine witches and wizards were reasonably adept at escaping the stake, block and noose [...]. However, a number of deaths did occur: Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington (a wizard at the royal court in his lifetime, and in his death-time, ghost of Gryffindor Tower) was stripped of his wand before being locked in a dungeon, and was unable to magic himself out of his execution [...]'\"\n- —Albus Dumbledore.[src]\nSir Nicholas met Lady Grieve while strolling in the park on the evening of 30 October, 1492. She was certain he could straighten her crooked teeth using his wand, but his attempt to do so backfired, causing her to grow a tusk. Sir Nicholas was immediately taken into custody and sentenced to death as a result of this mistake. Before being locked in a dungeon, his wand was taken from him, thus preventing him from using magic to escape.\n- Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (First drafts)\n- The Tales of Beedle the Bard (Mentioned only)", "summary": "The document recounts a legend about Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington, a 13th‑century wizard who, after attempting to straighten Lady Grieve's teeth with his wand, inadvertently caused her to grow a tusk; he was then arrested, stripped of his wand, and executed, becoming a ghost in Gryffindor Tower. The tale is cited as a historical anecdote by Albus Dumbledore and appears in early drafts of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets and is mentioned in The Tales of Beedle the Bard."}
{"id": "96b533cd3855a9a9db61daef51f1a859e32668ce8d12dbe3635c4f325bc7f58e", "source": "Are you going to invest in cryptocurrency? Then you need to understand everything to get the best results. Basically, cryptocurrency is digital money. Also, price of Bitcoin is a great way to start your crypto journey.\nUnderstanding more about cryptocurrency\nA cryptocurrency is a virtual money that operates ina decentralized format. The name of cryptocurrency evolved with the fact that it is highly encrypted. Therefore, transactions with cryptocurrency are secure and safe.\nAlong with that, cryptocurrency is limited and also compared with silver and gold. They are created through a process which is called mining. Thus, mining is a complicated process in which complex problems are solved through computers. These computers are extremely powerful and receive the reward for making any successful transactions.\nAre there any types of cryptocurrency? How many are there?\nYes, there are different types of cryptocurrency. There are more than 18000 cryptocurrencies worldwide. One of the popular cryptocurrencies is Bitcoin. Other than that, some other cryptocurrencies are as follows.\n- Ethereum (ETH)\n- Cardano (ADA)\n- Bitcoin Cash (BCH)\n- Stellar (XLM)\n- Dogecoin (DOGE)\n- Tether (USDT)\n- Polkadot (DOT)\n- Peercoin (PPC)\n- Novacoin (NVC)\n- Devcoin (DVC)\n- Namecoin (NMC)\nTherefore, these above cryptocurrencies have immense market value. So, you can choose any of the cryptocurrencies you like and invest in them carefully.\nHow can you buy cryptocurrency?\nBuying cryptocurrency is not an easy task. You can purchase it through an online exchange platform or a broker. Moreover, to buy cryptocurrency, you need to open your account.\nAlso, you can choose ETF, which stands for exchange-traded fund. Other than that, you can also buy cryptocurrency-focused mutual funds, stocks, and many more. These are some best exchange platforms for cryptocurrency.\n- Bitcoin IRA\n- Coinbase and many more\nDo you know about Blockchain?\nBlockchain is the database or ledger for storing info. In the Blockchain, you can only add data, and every information that is fed into the system is encrypted cryptographically. Tus presents the data from a data theft attempt. Time-stamping makes tracking the data easy. These factors help in securing the data records. As a result, there is no need for any third party due to the presence of blockchain technology.\nBenefits of Cryptocurrency\nThese are the following benefits of cryptocurrency that every investor should know. Have a look at the below.\nEasy and Fast Transactions\nWhen transferring huge money, you have to give several details to your bank. Along with that, you need to show the source of that money. Hence, you can send and receive a massive amount within a few minutes.\nLow Costs for Transactions\nSecondly, you also need to pay a certain amount of your transaction to your bank. The transaction fees can be incredibly high depending on the amount. On the contrary, cryptocurrency transactions are not only fast but have a low transaction fee.\nThirdly, cryptocurrencies are known for offering high security for conducting any transaction. The user has a key to access its crypto wallet. So other than the user or the person who has the key, no one can access your cryptocurrency. Upon that, the blockchain system adds more security.\nEvery transaction on cryptocurrency happens on the Distributed blockchain ledger.\nIn conclusion, the above information can help you understand cryptocurrency thoroughly. You can also take expert guidance to help you understand the investment process in cryptocurrencies.\nThese unique features of cryptocurrency make it different from the others. Owing to this, many investors are now stepping forward and have started the investment in it, then registering on a trading platform like Bitcoin Era makes it easy for the investors to start trading in it. But make sure that your investment is driven by a complete study and understanding of the market. You must never make a decision in haste. Rather explore the crypto market and study how the cryptocurrencies are performing before finally putting your money into it. This is going to help you invest your money in the apt way. Make sure that you also join crypto communities to get latest info on crypto ecosystem.", "summary": "The document explains that cryptocurrency is a digital, encrypted form of money operating on decentralized, blockchain-based ledgers, with transactions secured by cryptographic keys. It notes there are over 18,000 cryptocurrencies, highlighting Bitcoin, Ethereum, Cardano, and others, and describes mining as the process of creating new coins. It outlines ways to acquire crypto via exchanges, brokers, ETFs, or mutual funds, and lists benefits such as fast, low‑cost, and secure transactions. The text advises investors to study the market, seek expert guidance, and join crypto communities before investing."}
{"id": "98accfed7dbccaa436390e53555b20b552ed1c0458e9c850b4f37134550c24c9", "source": "International Women’s Day 2013\nEvery year the United Nations chooses a theme for that year’s International Women’s Day. This theme is something many organizations choose to build on, make their own, or change it completely. This year, 2013, I believe the UN has chosen a great theme: “A promise is a promise: Time for action to end violence against women.”\nInternational Women’s Day has been celebrated since the early 1900s and is still thriving, and unfortunately necessary, today. We live in a country where the Violence Against Women Act comes up for reauthorization too often, with too much debate about its merits. Really, who could be against anything that aims to reduce violence against women?\nCampaigning against violence against women does not diminish any pursuance of eliminating violence for all humans, but there is a particular reason why this must be a focus of the world at this time:\nThe United Nations General Assembly defines “violence against women” as “any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life.” The 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women noted that this violence could be perpetrated by assailants of either gender, family members and even the “State” itself.\nWomen are often the victims of violence simply because they are women.\nTo end these horrific acts, it must be a decision made by our local communities and global society. We must prioritize a solution for all. What kind of world do we want our daughters, and sons, to grow up to inherit?\n- Follow @womensday on twitter #womensday\n- Network at facebook.com/internationalwomensday.\n- Celebrate and understand women’s strength and through photographs.\n- Take action with We Are Equals: Join the Big Inequality Debate. The Facebook App showing your 1950s life is interesting.\n- Learn more about International Women’s Day.\n- Share, share, share!\nWhat will you do today to support women?\nThis post was written for the Global Team of 200, a highly specialized group of Mom Bloggers for Social Good members who focus on maternal health, children, hunger, and women and girls.", "summary": "The 2013 International Women’s Day theme, chosen by the United Nations, was “A promise is a promise: Time for action to end violence against women.” The post notes the long history of the holiday, references ongoing debates over the Violence Against Women Act in the United States, and cites the UN definition of violence against women as gender‑based physical, sexual, or mental harm, including threats, coercion, or deprivation of liberty, perpetrated by individuals of any gender, family members, or the State. It calls for community and global action to end such violence and encourages sharing and participation through social media and related campaigns."}
{"id": "98c4f92910ec4c2e6819146df6f7cca4ef7a0eddfc709a5398230f3ad7306819", "source": "Discussion of all aspects of cellular structure, physiology and communication.\n5 posts • Page 1 of 1\nI have tried to understand this sentence but I just don't get it :\n\"Lipids and proteins are capable of lateral movement , but movement of either from one face of the bilayer to the other is prohibited. In the fluid mosaic model the proteins can float within the lipid bilayer while traversing the plane of the membrane.\"\nso first it says proteins can't move from one face to another then it says they traverse the plane of the membrane which means go through the membrane, so I don't get it how can they go through and be prohibited from going through at the same time\nany1 please explain to me, if you have a picture or something it would make things clearer, thanks alot\nYep: A protein can float on either face, or depending on the size, can cross the whole membrane (think channels for example) but they cannot invert the side that is facing out with the one facing in and reciprocally. Basically because the extremity popinting out are hydrophilic and cannot cross the hydrophobic membrane.\nScience has proof without any certainty. Creationists have certainty without\nany proof. (Ashley Montague)\nThe author's phrase \"traverse the plane of the membrane\" refers to the ability of transmembrane proteins to move about side-to-side in the membrane without leaving the membrane. One reason that this is a confusing statement is that the membrane is not a plane but is a bag, with a more-or-less spherical shape (though for a cell with extensive long parts extending from the central cell, such as a neuron, the cell can be far from spherical). However, when \"viewed\" on a small enough scale the membrane approximates a plane and then the statement that a transmembrane protein can \"traverse the plane of the membrane\" makes some sense. If you picture the cell membrane as a horizontal plane, the transmembrane protein can move forward or back, left or right, but cannot move up and down or rotate on most axes (though the protein can rotate on an axis at right angles to the plane of the membrane).\nOne way of picturing this might be to think of corks floating on calm water. They can't push underwater and they can's fly off the water into the air, but they can move in any direction as long as they are floating on the water's surface.\nI think the use of the term \"traversing\" in the passage is somewhat confusing. It does sound, as written, as though the protein can pass through the membrane, whereas I think the author really means to say that the protein can move laterally within the plane of the membrane. (Assuming, as soneone has already pointed out, that you flatten the curved membrane into a 2-D sheet.)\n5 posts • Page 1 of 1\nWho is online\nUsers browsing this forum: No registered users and 0 guests", "summary": "The forum thread clarifies that in the fluid mosaic model, lipids and proteins can move laterally within the membrane plane, but cannot flip from one leaflet to the other because their hydrophilic ends cannot cross the hydrophobic core. Transmembrane proteins may span the membrane and drift side‑to‑side like corks on water, but they do not traverse through the bilayer thickness. The discussion uses analogies and explains that “traverse the plane” refers to lateral movement, not passage through the membrane."}
{"id": "99eebce103950d14eca8bd9c191a29db80bb260affa22c191125e469f86e3696", "source": "Contents: W.A. Collins, Foreword: Contextualizing Middle Childhood: Beyond 1984. C.R. Cooper, C.T. García Coll, W.T. Bartko, H. Davis, C. Chatman, Editors' Introduction. Part I:How Adults and Children, Through Their Perceptions and Actions, Connect Resources Across Family, School, and Community Contexts. H.B. Weiss, E. Dearing, E. Mayer, H. Kreider, K. McCartney, Family Educational Involvement: Who Can Afford It and What Does It Afford? J.A. Fredricks, S. Simpkins, J.S. Eccles, Family Socialization, Gender, and Participation in Sports and Instrumental Music. B. Thorne, Unpacking School Lunchtime: Structure, Practice, and the Negotiation of Differences. W.T. Bartko, The Contexts and Significance of Children's Everyday Experiences and Activities: A Commentary. Part II:How Low-Income Families and Children and Their Teachers Interpret and Use Contexts as Resources for Creating Pathways Through Childhood. D. Stipek, Children as Unwitting Agents in Their Developmental Pathways. E.D. Lowe, T.S. Weisner, S. Geis, A.C. Huston, Child-Care Instability and the Effort to Sustain a Working Daily Routine: Evidence From the New Hope Ethnographic Study of Low-Income Families. P. Blumenfeld, J. Modell, W.T. Bartko, W.G. Secada, J.A. Fredricks, J. Friedel, A. Paris, School Engagement of Inner-City Students During Middle Childhood. W.G. Secada, The Mediation of Contextual Resources. Part III:How Immigration Affects Children's Emerging Identities in Their Family, School, and Community Contexts. C.R. Cooper, C.T. García Coll, B. Thorne, M.F. Orellana, Beyond Demographic Categories: How Immigration, Ethnicity, and \"Race\" Matter for Children's Emerging Identities and Pathways Through School. C.T. García Coll, L.A. Szalacha, N. Palacios, Children of Dominican, Portuguese, and Cambodian Immigrant Families: Academic Attitudes and Pathways During Middle Childhood. C.R. Cooper, E. Domínguez, S. Rosas, Soledad's Dream: How Immigrant Children Bridge Their Multiple Worlds and Build Pathways to College. A.J. Fuligni, J. Alvarez, M. Bachman, D.N. Ruble, Family Obligation and the Academic Motivation of Young Children From Immigrant Families. V.C. McLoyd, Pathways to Academic Achievement Among Children From Immigrant Families: A Commentary. J.J. Goodnow, Contexts, Diversity, Pathways: Advances and Next Steps. A. Prout, Reflections on Childhood, Diversity, Pathways, and Context. C.R. Cooper, H. Davis, Epilogue: Mapping Concepts of Contexts, Diversity, and Pathways Across Disciplines.", "summary": "The volume explores how middle‑childhood development is shaped by the interaction of family, school, and community contexts, emphasizing diversity and socioeconomic factors. It examines adult‑child connections, family educational involvement, gendered sport and music participation, and everyday school experiences. It highlights low‑income families' resource use, child‑care instability, and inner‑city school engagement. It also investigates immigrant children’s identity formation, academic attitudes, and motivations across Dominican, Portuguese, Cambodian, and other groups, concluding with interdisciplinary reflections on contexts, diversity, and pathways."}
{"id": "9a35b469d6079f6d0c854bdd2c247290bf44a83ea603f461df36c28bdcbf65b2", "source": "Thanksgiving Day for the year 2023 is celebrated/ observed on Thursday, November 23rd.\nThanksgiving Day in the United States is celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November each year. Traditionally it is a time to give thanks for all the sacrifice and hard work done for the harvest. In modern times people take time off work (4 day weekend starting Thursday) and spend time with family and friends over a large feast held on Thanksgiving Day.\nThanksgiving in the early days of the United States was celebrated on a variety of dates and eventually Abraham Lincoln in 1863 with help from Sarah Josepha Hale  decided Thanksgiving should be on the final Thursday in November. Later, Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the day into law  making the day officially celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November.\nThanksgiving around the world\nIn Canada, they celebrate Thanksgiving on the second Monday of October. Liberia celebrates the day on the first Thursday of November and Saint Lucia the first Monday in October and finally Grenada celebrates on October 25th each year.\nDays to Thanksgiving 2023\nThursday, November 23rd is day number 327 of the 2023 calendar year with 8 months, 0 days until Thanksgiving Day 2023.\nMore Details on Wikipedia Thanksgiving\nEncyclopedia Britannica on Thanksgiving Thanksgiving Day\n1.”Thanksgiving – Sarah Josepha Hale” - Time, Time.com.\n2.”Congress Establishes Thanksgiving” - National Archives, Archives.gov.\n|When:||Fourth Thursday of November (U.S.)|\nSecond Monday of October (Canada)\nDates for Thanksgiving\n|Holiday||Date||Days to Go|\n|Thanksgiving 2022||Thursday, November 24, 2022||-119|\n|Thanksgiving 2023||Thursday, November 23, 2023||245|\n|Thanksgiving 2024||Thursday, November 28, 2024||616|\n|Thanksgiving 2025||Thursday, November 27, 2025||980|\n|Thanksgiving 2026||Thursday, November 26, 2026||1344|\n|Thanksgiving 2027||Thursday, November 25, 2027||1708|", "summary": "Thanksgiving Day in the United States is observed on the fourth Thursday of November, falling on November 23, 2023, which is the 327th day of the year. Historically set by Abraham Lincoln in 1863 with input from Sarah Josepha Hale and later codified by Franklin D. Roosevelt, the holiday marks a time to give thanks for harvest sacrifices and is now celebrated with a four‑day weekend, family gatherings, and a large feast. Other countries observe similar holidays on different dates: Canada on the second Monday of October, Liberia on the first Thursday of November, Saint Lucia on the first Monday of October, and Grenada on October 25."}
{"id": "9af59e874c80f732aecbb12e692d20915d9247ca78e0c515adc8658cd602d6cf", "source": "Three aerospace engineering professors are combining their talents to investigate a widespread issue in the field of aerospace engineering. Ashraf Bastawros, Wei Hong, and Hui Hu will all contribute their expertise to a three-year NASA project which will explore mitigating icing on aircrafts.\nNASA, seeking data on reducing ice adhesion, as well as improving ice shedding from aircraft surfaces, sent out a request for researchers looking to study the issue. Not only would the researchers need to be qualified in the micromechanics of fracture, multiscale metaphysics modeling, and experimental aerodynamics, but they would also need to use an icing wind tunnel, of which only a handful exist in the US.\nIt just so happens that Iowa State has the only university-based multi-functional icing research tunnel in the entire country. Built in 2014, the icing research tunnel can simulate icing phenomena over a range of conditions for various anti-/de-icing applications.\nNot only does the aerospace engineering department possess the right equipment to do the research, they also have the right people for the job.\nHui Hu has researched icing physics and anti-icing/de-icing technology for NASA in the past, and will generate the ice using the wind tunnel. Wei Hong, with his expertise in multiscale multiphysics modeling, will develop predictive modeling capabilities for ice adhesion and assess the role of different surface topology and chemistry. Finally, the three professors will need to examine how the ice cracks as it sits on the wing, which is where Ashraf Bastawros will lend his knowledge of fracture mechanics and experimental micromechanics.\n“That is the unique attribute of this proposal. It really transcends many fields which is why I liked to find Wei and Hui along with myself, Bastawros said.”\nThe trio will print a 3D model of the aircraft wing and let the ice build up on it inside the wind tunnel. From there, they can start to crack it under the same humidity and wind speed it would experience during flight.\n“The whole idea is to determine how that ice is attaching to the aircraft critical control surfaces. We will study different coatings and surfaces that effect this interaction,” Bastawros said. “Now, can you characterize the different coatings with a number? Can you say, this coating is better than that coating and by how much?”\nBy experimenting with surface coatings, Bastawros, Hong, and Hu hope to find an effective way to repel the ice or to create a surface where the ice won’t adhere at all.\nNASA will be interested in the field data that the researchers develop and hope to recreate any findings in the icing wind tunnel at the NASA Glenn Research Center.", "summary": "Three Iowa State aerospace engineering professors—Ashraf Bastawros, Wei Hong, and Hui Hu—have secured a three‑year NASA grant to study aircraft icing using the university’s unique multi‑functional icing wind tunnel. Hu will generate ice in the tunnel, Hong will develop multiscale multiphysics models of ice adhesion and assess surface topology and chemistry, and Bastawros will apply fracture‑mechanics expertise to examine ice cracking on wing surfaces. The team will 3D‑print wing sections, test various coatings, and quantify their effectiveness in reducing ice adhesion, providing data for NASA’s own icing research facilities."}
{"id": "9b0a67e93f913a6b6b25ae2c49fa7040d17a510c810b814bd769f2d2b3e9219e", "source": "by Matt Slick\n\"But it shall be that if they will not believe even these two signs or heed what you say, then you shall take some water from the Nile and pour it on the dry ground; and the water which you take from the Nile will become blood on the dry ground,\" (Exodus 4:9).\nThis verse does not mean that God doesn't know what will happen. First of all, because God knows all things (1 John 3:20), He can tell us what will happen in the future if different choices are made by people in the present. Therefore, if God says \"If you do this, then this will happen, and if you do that that will happen,\" this is not showing uncertainty. On the contrary, it is showing that God absolutely knows what will happen given different options. IF God did not have exhaustive foreknowledge of the future (both actual and potential), then how would it be possible to tell us what would happen?\nSecond, God works within the time realm of people. This is a fact since we see in the Bible how God tells people what will happen to them later in life. These prophecies do not come true until later, until after time has passed. Therefore, God, in our perspective, waits and accomplishes His desires sometimes after long stretches of time, proving that God works with us in relation to our time frame. In this relationship to time, God will then give us conditional predictions; that is, if someone does one thing then a result will happen, and if he does another, another result will occur.\nThis verse does not necessitate that God does not know the future. If anything, it demonstrates that He does.", "summary": "The passage argues that Exodus 4:9 does not imply divine ignorance of the future; rather, it reflects God's exhaustive foreknowledge, as supported by 1 John 3:20, allowing Him to predict outcomes of different human choices. It also notes that God operates within human time, delivering prophecies that fulfill later, showing conditional predictions based on actions, thereby affirming that the verse demonstrates God's knowledge rather than uncertainty."}
{"id": "9b0ec31dece65dd3b13dc82ce4ab18ad52a952cc99086f51b0ad3cbbfd4554d1", "source": "Flexible Device Captures Energy From Human Motion\nThis foldable keyboard, created by Michigan State University engineer Nelson Sepulveda and his research team, operates by touch; no battery is needed. Sepulveda developed a new way to harvest energy from human motion using a pioneering device called a biocompatible ferroelectret nanogenerator, or FENG.Credit: Image courtesy of Michigan State University\nThe day of charging cellphones with finger swipes and powering Bluetooth headsets simply by walking is now much closer.\nMichigan State University engineering researchers have created a new way to harvest energy from human motion, using a film-like device that actually can be folded to create more power. With the low-cost device, known as a nanogenerator, the scientists successfully operated an LCD touch screen, a bank of 20 LED lights and a flexible keyboard, all with a simple touching or pressing motion and without the aid of a battery.\nThe groundbreaking findings, published in the journal Nano Energy, suggest “we’re on the path toward wearable devices powered by human motion,” said Nelson Sepulveda, associate professor of electrical and computer engineering and lead investigator of the project.\n“What I foresee, relatively soon, is the capability of not having to charge your cell phone for an entire week, for example, because that energy will be produced by your movement,” said Sepulveda, whose research is funded by the National Science Foundation.\nThe innovative process starts with a silicone wafer, which is then fabricated with several layers, or thin sheets, of environmentally friendly substances including silver, polyimide and polypropylene ferroelectret. Ions are added so that each layer in the device contains charged particles. Electrical energy is created when the device is compressed by human motion, or mechanical energy.\nThe completed device is called a biocompatible ferroelectret nanogenerator, or FENG. The device is as thin as a sheet of paper and can be adapted to many applications and sizes. The device used to power the LED lights was palm-sized, for example, while the device used to power the touch screen was as small as a finger.\nAdvantages such as being lightweight, flexible, biocompatible, scalable, low-cost and robust could make FENG “a promising and alternative method in the field of mechanical-energy harvesting” for many autonomous electronics such as wireless headsets, cell phones and other touch-screen devices, the study says.\nRemarkably, the device also becomes more powerful when folded.\n“Each time you fold it you are increasing exponentially the amount of voltage you are creating,” Sepulveda said. “You can start with a large device, but when you fold it once, and again, and again, it’s now much smaller and has more energy. Now it may be small enough to put in a specially made heel of your shoe so it creates power each time your heel strikes the ground.”\nSepulveda and his team are developing technology that would transmit the power generated from the heel strike to, say, a wireless headset.\nSource: Michigan State University\nWei Li, David Torres, Tongyu Wang, Chuan Wang, Nelson Sepúlveda. Flexible and biocompatible polypropylene ferroelectret nanogenerator (FENG): On the path toward wearable devices powered by human motion. Nano Energy, 2016; 30: 649 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.10.007", "summary": "Michigan State University engineers, led by Nelson Sepulveda, developed a biocompatible ferroelectret nanogenerator (FENG) that harvests mechanical energy from human motion to power devices without batteries. The thin, flexible, and low‑cost film can be folded to increase voltage, enabling it to drive an LCD touch screen, a bank of LEDs, and a flexible keyboard. Published in Nano Energy, the work suggests wearable electronics such as phones, headsets, and shoe‑embedded generators could be powered by everyday movements, with funding from the NSF."}
{"id": "9b19a322c247634f7d25ca5bc32ac0afdcb841c3c8c414be36576cd495a5606d", "source": "Teachers from across the Western Downs will learn innovative ways to teach science technology engineering and maths (STEM) and digital technologies, at an event held by the Queensland Minerals and Energy Academy (QMEA).\nAbout 50 teachers will gather at Wandoan State School P-10 for a jam-packed programme of professional development.\nWandoan P-10 Principal and Miles Cluster Chair Rowie Price has played a leading role in pulling the sessions together and is a big supporter of providing skills development for local teachers.\n“With the forever changing world of digital technologies teachers across all subject areas are expected to understand the applications of these tools and aim to incorporate this into classroom curriculum as much as possible,” Rowie said.\n“Wandoan coal project has worked with QMEA and the schools in the Wandoan region for more than five years and we are big supporters of the idea of teachers collaborating for better student outcomes,” said Rick Matthews, Project Supervisor, Land & Property Co-ordinator Wandoan Coal Project.\n“Wandoan coal project enjoys seeing days such as these come together as they are so valuable for teachers in our regional towns. Staff from different schools come together to learn, share ideas and network, which results in greater student and school achievement.”\nQMEA’s latest Innovation Educator, Gary King of Universal Drones of Toowoomba will attend the event.\n“Gary will share his knowledge about the various types of autonomous vehicles and the far-reaching applications they have,” said Tammy Grady Project Manager, Education and Innovation.\n“Teachers will see how easily the technology can be implemented into a class while adding a new and exciting element,” she said.\nRead the article online at: https://www.worldcoal.com/coal/24102018/qmea-helps-teachers-learn-innovative-ways-to-teach-stem-and-digital-technologies/", "summary": "Around 50 teachers from the Western Downs will attend a professional development event at Wandoan State School, organized by the Queensland Minerals and Energy Academy (QMEA), to learn innovative approaches to teaching STEM and digital technologies. Rowie Price, principal of Wandoan P‑10 and Miles Cluster Chair, helped coordinate the sessions, emphasizing the need for teachers to integrate digital tools into curricula. Representatives from the Wandoan Coal Project, including Rick Matthews, expressed support for teacher collaboration, while QMEA’s Innovation Educator Gary King will demonstrate autonomous vehicle applications for classroom use."}
{"id": "9b9148dc229ee06db1bcef1df9d7fc786ecb4541ac3fea32d7142c318f585f1f", "source": "Edward I belonged to the Plantagenet Dynasty\n. Born in 1239, he ascended to the throne in 1272 and died in 1307. He was preceded as monarch by Henry III\nand was succeeded by Edward II\nEdward was born in Westminster, the eldest son of Henry III and Eleanor of Provence. In the struggle between his father and the barons, Edward at first allied himself with Simon de Montfort, but eventually joined the loyalists and defeated the Baronial forces at Evesham in 1265.\nEdward was on the last crusade when he learned of his father's death (1272) but did not return for two years. The early part of his reign was devoted to legal and administrative reforms, including the statutes of Westminster, Rageman, Gloucester, and Mortmain. He crushed Welsh rebellion and issue the statute incorporating Wales with England in 1284. He later engaged in prolonged conflict with Scotland, and died near Carlisle while leading an army in 1307.", "summary": "Edward I, born in Westminster in 1239 to Henry III and Eleanor of Provence, became king in 1272 after his father's death and ruled until his death in 1307. Initially siding with Simon de Montfort during his father's baronial conflict, he later supported the loyalists and helped defeat the rebels at Evesham in 1265. His reign featured legal reforms such as the statutes of Westminster, Ragman, Gloucester, and Mortmain, the conquest of Wales and its incorporation into England in 1284, and prolonged wars with Scotland, ending with his death near Carlisle while leading an army."}
{"id": "9bceee38be076e3d35396e4278e2acefbe1a42c251794dcbcca39283bf481108", "source": "The Cambridge Companion to Heidegger's 'Being and Time' contains seventeen chapters by leading scholars of Heidegger. It is a useful reference work for beginning students, but also explores the central themes of Being and Time with a depth that will be of interest to scholars. The Companion begins with a section-by-section overview of Being and Time and a chapter reviewing the genesis of this seminal work. The final chapter situates Being and Time in the context of Heidegger's later work. The remaining chapters examine the core issues of Being and Time, including the question of being, the phenomenology of space, the nature of human being (our relation to others, the importance of moods, the nature of human understanding, language), Heidegger's views on idealism and realism and his position on skepticism and truth, Heidegger's account of authenticity (with a focus on his views on freedom, being toward death, and resoluteness) and the nature of temporality and human historicality.", "summary": "The Cambridge Companion to Heidegger's 'Being and Time' offers seventeen scholarly chapters that provide both an introductory overview and in‑depth analysis of the work's central themes, including the question of being, phenomenology of space, human existence (relations, moods, understanding, language), Heidegger's stance on idealism, realism, skepticism, truth, authenticity (freedom, being‑toward‑death, resoluteness), temporality, and historicality, concluding with a chapter placing the text in the context of his later philosophy."}
{"id": "9bd67bb9b00b27df4489e31309c1b999b39fbb57b99a54517dbd1e5c37a75230", "source": "- Smart cards look like credit cards. These have a computer chip\nabout the size of a fingernail implanted in the card. It can hold up to\n100+ times more information than standard magnet strip cards.\nTypically they have a microprocessor and a substantial amount of\nmemory, say 1 Megabyte.\nThe smart card's CPU\ntypically is 8-bit.\nThe CPU's speed typically is slow, 3-5 MHz. It has some RAM\n128-258 bytes) and ROM for the operating system. (A higher-end\noperating system size is around 24 KB) and EEPROM (which acts like a\nhard drive in a PC and can be erased and re-written on.) It can't\ninterface with keyboards, monitors and other peripherals but it does\nhave an I/O interface to communication with your set-top box\nwhich in turn communicates with the content provider.\nThe card's built in miniature integrated circuit can\nhold information about you - a bank balance, a phone card, timer and\neven medical records. Passwords\ndetermine who has access to the card's information. Smart cards can\nmodify the information they hold. Connection to a bank is not\nnecessary to use them. Some Web TV, Satellite service providers,\nCable service providers and others use them for security and monetary\ntransaction purposes. Smart cards are also used to identify you\nas the subscriber and thus allow you access to a network.\nThe subscriber inserts their\nsmart card into the set-top boxes’\nSmart Card Slot(s). (Typically the set-top box will have one or two slots. The\nSmart Card Slots are part of the Smart\nCard Reader.) If there are two Smart Card Slots in the Smart Card\nReader, typically one would be for electronic commerce transactions and\nthe other for providing authorization and authentication for the\nsubscriber to access the various services their provider offers.\nCard Reader - Standard set-top boxes\ncan contain two slots for\n'reading' the cards. One would be for\nelectronic commerce functions and the other for providing authorization\nand authentication for the subscriber to access the various services\ntheir provider offers.\nCard Slots – (Smart Card Expansion\nSlots) - The opening(s) on a set-top box\nwhere the user can insert his/her smart card. Advanced slots can accept\nnext generation Smart Cards without having to change the Smart Card\nTelevisions – TVs with Smart Card functionality built into them.\nOften the TV also has other advanced functions.", "summary": "Smart cards are credit‑card‑sized devices containing a microprocessor (typically 8‑bit, 3‑5 MHz) and memory (often around 1 MB, with 128‑258 bytes RAM, up to 24 KB ROM, and EEPROM for rewritable storage). They store personal data such as bank balances, phone credits, timers, or medical records, protected by passwords, and can modify stored information without needing a bank connection. Set‑top boxes usually have one or two smart‑card slots: one for electronic commerce and another for subscriber authentication, enabling access to cable, satellite, or web‑TV services, and some TVs integrate this functionality directly."}
{"id": "9c38d147b92c2642fe84522657a4c436fa24067a29ebe3dc8006c3ec6f411d30", "source": "Serious Games to motivate children's interest in STEM\nThe nationwide competition (find also 2011- STEM Serious Games Challenge - Winners Announced) invites game makers of every age to show their passion for both playing and making video games, while aiming to motivate children's interests in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM).\nThe four different categories are all dedicated to STEM Serious Games: the Middle School and High School categories aim to motivate and engage students in STEM learning by challenging them to design and create their very own original video games. The Collegiate and Educator categories challenge emerging game developers to show us their skills by designing video games for children in pre-K - grade 12 that teach STEM curricula in a new and innovative way.\nFor more information and to register, please visit http://www.stemchallenge.org/\nThis competition is being run by the Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop and E-Line Media, in partnership with sponsors AMD Foundation, Entertainment Software Association, Xbox 360, and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting PBS KIDS Ready To Learn initiative. Outreach partners include the American Association of School Librarians, American Library Association, Boys & Girls Clubs of America, BrainPOP, George Lucas Educational Foundation, Girl Scouts of the USA, International Game Developers Association, and One Economy.", "summary": "The STEM Serious Games Challenge is a nationwide competition that invites participants of all ages to create video games aimed at motivating children’s interest in science, technology, engineering, and math. It includes four categories—Middle School, High School, Collegiate, and Educator—each focused on designing original games for pre‑K through grade 12 that teach STEM concepts in innovative ways. The contest is organized by the Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop and E‑Line Media, with sponsorship and outreach support from organizations such as the AMD Foundation, ESA, Xbox 360, PBS KIDS, the American Library Association, Girl Scouts, and others."}