Wikang Dzongkha - Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya

[Pumunta sa nilalaman](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Dzongkha#bodyContent)

Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya

| Dzongkha |
| --- |
| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Dzongkha-02.svg/60px-Dzongkha-02.svg.png)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaksan:Dzongkha-02.svg) |
| Rehiyon | [![Bhutan](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan "Bhutan")[Bhutan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan "Bhutan") , [![India](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/40px-Flag_of_India.svg.png)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India")[Sikkim](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim "Sikkim") (India) |
| Katutubo | pangunahing wika: 130,000
 pangalawang wika ~470,000 |
|  | [Sino-Tibetan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages "Sino-Tibetan languages")
- ( [Tibeto-Burman](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mga_wikang_Tibeto-Burman&action=edit&redlink=1 "Mga wikang Tibeto-Burman (hindi pa naisusulat)"))
  - [Tibeto-Kanauri](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mga_wikang_Tibeto-Kanauri&action=edit&redlink=1 "Mga wikang Tibeto-Kanauri (hindi pa naisusulat)")
    - [Bodish](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mga_wikang_Bodish&action=edit&redlink=1 "Mga wikang Bodish (hindi pa naisusulat)")
      - [Tibetan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mga_wikang_Tibetan&action=edit&redlink=1 "Mga wikang Tibetan (hindi pa naisusulat)")
        - [Gitnang Tibetan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mga_wikang_Gitnang_Tibetan&action=edit&redlink=1 "Mga wikang Gitnang Tibetan (hindi pa naisusulat)")
          - Katimugang
            - **Dzongkha** |
|  | [Sulat Tibetan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sulat_Tibetan&action=edit&redlink=1 "Sulat Tibetan (hindi pa naisusulat)") |
| Opisyal na katayuan |
| Opisyal na wika | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png)[Bhutan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan "Bhutan") |
| Pamamahala | [Dzongkha Development Commission](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dzongkha_Development_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1 "Dzongkha Development Commission (hindi pa naisusulat)") |
| Mga kodigong pangwika |
| [ISO 639-1](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-1&action=edit&redlink=1 "ISO 639-1 (hindi pa naisusulat)") | `dz` |
| [ISO 639-2](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-2&action=edit&redlink=1 "ISO 639-2 (hindi pa naisusulat)") | `dzo` |
| [ISO 639-3](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-3 "ISO 639-3") | `dzo` |

Ang **Wikang Dzongkha** (རྫོང་ཁ [Wylie](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wylie_transliteration&action=edit&redlink=1 "Wylie transliteration (hindi pa naisusulat)"): _rdzong-kha_, Jong-kă), minsan kilala din bilang _[Ngalopkha](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ngalop&action=edit&redlink=1 "Ngalop (hindi pa naisusulat)"),_ ay isang [wikang Sino-Tibetano](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_wikang_Sino-Tibetano "Mga wikang Sino-Tibetano") na sinasalita ng higit sa kalahating milyong katao sa [Bhutan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan "Bhutan"); ito ang tanging opisyal at [pambansang wika](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pambansang_wika "Pambansang wika") ng bansa.[\[1\]](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Dzongkha#cite_note-CoBE-1) Ginagamit ang sulating Tibetano upang isulat ang Dzongkha.

Ang salitang "dzongkha" ay nangangahulugang wikang sinasambit sa ( _kha_) sa _dzong_, – [dzong](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dzong&action=edit&redlink=1 "Dzong (hindi pa naisusulat)") o ang mga monasteryong parang kuta na itinatag ni [Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shabdrung_Ngawang_Namgyal&action=edit&redlink=1 "Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal (hindi pa naisusulat)") noong [ika-17 dantaon](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-17_dantaon "Ika-17 dantaon"). Noong 2013, sinasalita ang Dzongkha ng 171,080 katutubong tagapagsalita at mga 640,000 kabuuang tagapagsalita.[\[2\]](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Dzongkha#cite_note-How_many_people_speak_Dzongkha-2)

## Mga sanggunian

\[ [baguhin](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikang_Dzongkha&veaction=edit&section=1 "Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian") \| [baguhin ang wikitext](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikang_Dzongkha&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section's source code: Mga sanggunian")\]

1. [↑](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Dzongkha#cite_ref-CoBE_1-0 "Umakyat")["Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan. Art. 1, § 8"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162637/http://www.constitution.bt/TsaThrim%20Eng%20%28A5%29.pdf)(PDF) (sa wikang Ingles). Government of Bhutan. 2008-07-18. Inarkibo mula sa [orihinal](http://www.constitution.bt/TsaThrim%20Eng%20(A5).pdf)(PDF) noong 2011-07-06. Nakuha noong 2011-01-01.
2. [↑](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Dzongkha#cite_ref-How_many_people_speak_Dzongkha_2-0 "Umakyat")["How many people speak Dzongkha?"](http://www.languagecomparison.com/en/how-many-people-speak-dzongkha/model-136-7) (sa wikang Ingles). languagecomparison.com. Nakuha noong 2018-03-15.

Nagmula sa " [https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikang\_Dzongkha&oldid=1912468](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikang_Dzongkha&oldid=1912468)"

[Kategorya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_kategorya "Natatangi:Mga kategorya"):

- [Languages with ISO 639-2 code](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kategorya:Languages_with_ISO_639-2_code&action=edit&redlink=1 "Kategorya:Languages with ISO 639-2 code (hindi pa naisusulat)")
- [Languages with ISO 639-1 code](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kategorya:Languages_with_ISO_639-1_code&action=edit&redlink=1 "Kategorya:Languages with ISO 639-1 code (hindi pa naisusulat)")
- [Language articles missing Glottolog code](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kategorya:Language_articles_missing_Glottolog_code&action=edit&redlink=1 "Kategorya:Language articles missing Glottolog code (hindi pa naisusulat)")
- [Mga wikang Tibeto-Burman](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_wikang_Tibeto-Burman "Kategorya:Mga wikang Tibeto-Burman")
- [Mga wika ng Bhutan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_wika_ng_Bhutan "Kategorya:Mga wika ng Bhutan")

Mga nakatagong kategorya:

- [Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Ingles (en)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Sangguniang_CS1_sa_wikang_Ingles_(en) "Kategorya:Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Ingles (en)")
- [Language articles with speaker number undated](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Language_articles_with_speaker_number_undated "Kategorya:Language articles with speaker number undated")
- [Language articles without reference field](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Language_articles_without_reference_field "Kategorya:Language articles without reference field")
- [Mga artikulong may tekstong nasa wikang Dzongkha](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_artikulong_may_tekstong_nasa_wikang_Dzongkha "Kategorya:Mga artikulong may tekstong nasa wikang Dzongkha")

Hanapin

Hanapin

Wikang Dzongkha

99 (na) wika[Bagong paksa](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Dzongkha#)


Bhutan - Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya

[Pumunta sa nilalaman](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan#bodyContent)

Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya

| Kaharian ng Bhutan
འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ( [Dzongkha](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Dzongkha "Wikang Dzongkha"))
_Druk Gyal Khap_ |
| --- |
| [![Watawat ng Bhutan](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/250px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaksan:Flag_of_Bhutan.svg "Watawat ng Bhutan")
[Watawat](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watawat_ng_Bhutan "Watawat ng Bhutan")
[![Emblema ng Bhutan](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg.png)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaksan:Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg "Emblema ng Bhutan")
Emblema |
| **Awitin:** འབྲུག་ཙན་དན་
_[Druk Tsenden](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Druk_Tsenden&action=edit&redlink=1 "Druk Tsenden (hindi pa naisusulat)")_
"Kaharian ng Dragon ng Kulog" |
| [![Location of Bhutan](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bhutan_in_its_region.svg/330px-Bhutan_in_its_region.svg.png)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaksan:Bhutan_in_its_region.svg "Location of Bhutan") |
| Kabisera
at pinakamalaking lungsod | [Timbu](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbu "Timbu")
[27°28.0′N89°38.5′E / 27.4667°N 89.6417°E / 27.4667; 89.6417](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bhutan&params=27_28.0_N_89_38.5_E_type:city) |
| Wikang opisyal | [Dzongkha](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Dzongkha "Wikang Dzongkha") |
| Katawagan | Bhutanes |
| Pamahalaan | [Parlamentaryong](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentaryong "Parlamentaryong") [unitaryong](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitaryong "Unitaryong") [monarkiyang semi-konstitusyonal](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monarkiyang_semi-konstitusyonal&action=edit&redlink=1 "Monarkiyang semi-konstitusyonal (hindi pa naisusulat)") |
|  |
| • [Druk Gyalpo](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druk_Gyalpo "Druk Gyalpo") | [Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck "Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck") |
| • [Punong Ministro](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punong_Ministro_ng_Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1 "Punong Ministro ng Bhutan (hindi pa naisusulat)") | [Tshering Tobgay](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tshering_Tobgay "Tshering Tobgay") |
|  |
| Lehislatura | [Parlamento](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parlamento_ng_Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1 "Parlamento ng Bhutan (hindi pa naisusulat)") |
| • Mataas na Kapulungan | [Pambansang Konseho](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pambansang_Konseho_ng_Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1 "Pambansang Konseho ng Bhutan (hindi pa naisusulat)") |
| • Mababang Kapulungan | [Pambansang Asembleya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pambansang_Asembleya_ng_Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1 "Pambansang Asembleya ng Bhutan (hindi pa naisusulat)") |
| [Formation](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1 "History of Bhutan (hindi pa naisusulat)") |
|  |
| • Unification of Bhutan | 1616–1634 |
| • Period of [Desi administration](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Druk_Desi&action=edit&redlink=1 "Druk Desi (hindi pa naisusulat)") | 1650–1905 |
| • Start of the [Wangchuck dynasty](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wangchuck_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1 "Wangchuck dynasty (hindi pa naisusulat)") | 17 December 1907 |
| • [Indo-Bhutan Treaty](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhutan%E2%80%93India_relations&action=edit&redlink=1 "Bhutan–India relations (hindi pa naisusulat)") | 8 August 1949 |
| • [UN membership](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations "United Nations") | 21 September 1971 |
| • [Constitutional monarchy](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1 "Constitution of Bhutan (hindi pa naisusulat)") | 18 July 2008 |
|  |
| Lawak |
| • Kabuuan | 38,394 km2 (14,824 mi kuw) (ika-133) |
| • Katubigan (%) | 1.1 |
| Populasyon |
| • Pagtataya sa 2021 | 777,486
[\[1\]](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan#cite_note-UN_WPP-1)[\[2\]](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-2) (165th) |
| • Senso ng 2022 | 727,145 |
| • Densidad | 19.3/km2 (50.0/mi kuw) ( [162nd](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density "List of countries and dependencies by population density")) |
| [KDP](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product "Gross domestic product")( [PLP](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity "Purchasing power parity")) | Pagtataya sa 2023 |
| • Kabuuan | ![Increase](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png) $10.969 bilyon (ika-166) |
| • Bawat kapita | ![Increase](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png) $14,296 (95th) |
| [KDP](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product "Gross domestic product")(nominal) | Pagtataya sa 2023 |
| • Kabuuan | ![Increase](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png) $2.686 bilyon ( [178th](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal) "List of countries by GDP (nominal)")) |
| • Bawat kapita | ![Increase](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png) $3,500 (ika-124) |
| [Gini](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koepisyente_ng_Gini "Koepisyente ng Gini")(2022) | 28.5
mababa |
| [TKP](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talatuntunan_ng_Kaunlarang_Pantao "Talatuntunan ng Kaunlarang Pantao")(2021) | ![Decrease](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) 0.666
katamtaman · ika-127 |
| Salapi | [Ngultrum](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhutanese_ngultrum&action=edit&redlink=1 "Bhutanese ngultrum (hindi pa naisusulat)") (BTN)
[Indian rupee](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rupee "Indian rupee") (₹) (INR) |
| Sona ng oras | [UTC](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time "Coordinated Universal Time") +06 (BTT) |
| Kodigong pantelepono | +975 |
| Kodigo sa ISO 3166 | [BT](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ISO_3166-2:BT&action=edit&redlink=1 "ISO 3166-2:BT (hindi pa naisusulat)") |
| Internet TLD | .bt |

Ang **Bhutan** ( [Dzongkha](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Dzongkha "Wikang Dzongkha"): འབྲུག་ཡུལ་, romanisado: _Druk Yul_), opisyal na **Kaharian ng Bhutan**, ay bansang walang pampang sa matatagpuan sa Silangang [Himalaya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya "Himalaya") ng [Timog Asya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timog_Asya "Timog Asya"). Hinahangganan ito ng [Tsina](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsina "Tsina") sa hilaga at [Indiya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiya "Indiya") sa timog. Sumasaklaw ito ng lawak na 38,394 km2 at tinatahanan ng humigit-kumulang 727,145 mamamayan. Ang kabisera at pinakamalaking lungsod nito ay [Timbu](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbu "Timbu").

Tinatawag din na **Druk Tsendhen** (lupain ng dragong kulog), dahil sinasabing katunog ng ungal ng mga [dragon](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragong_Intsik "Dragong Intsik") ang mga kulog doon. Sa kasaysayan, kilala ang Bhutan sa maraming pangalan, katulad ng _Lho Mon_ (katimogang lupain ng kadiliman), _Lho Tsendenjong_ (katimogang lupain ng _[cypress](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypress "Cypress")_), at _Lhomen Khazhi_ (katimogang lupain ng apat na mga paglapit). Hindi malinaw ang pinagmulan ng pangalang _Bhutan_; inimungkahi ng mga dalubhasa sa kasaysayan na maaaring nagmula sa baryasyon ng mga salitang [Sanskrit](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit "Sanskrit") na _Bhota-ant_ (ang dulo ng Bhot – ang ibang salita para sa Tibet), o _Bhu-uttan_ (mataas na mga lupain). Tinatayang ginagamit ang salitang _Bhutan_ bilang pangalang noong huling bahagi ng [ika-9 na siglo BC](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-9_na_siglo_BC "Ika-9 na siglo BC").

Isa ang Bhutan bilang sa pinakabukod at pinakahuli sa mga sumusulong na mga bansa sa mundo. Labis na nililimitahan ng pamahalaan ang [turismo](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo "Turismo") at impluwensiyang banyaga upang mapanatili ang tradisyunal na [kultura](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura "Kultura"). Binubuo ang tanawin ng mga subtropikal na mga kapatagan hanggan sa mga kataasan ng [Himalaya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya "Himalaya"), na hihigit sa pitong libong metro. [Mahayana Budismo](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana "Mahayana") ang relihiyon ng estado at kinabibilangan ng kalahati ng populasyon ng bansang ito. [Thimphu](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thimphu "Thimphu") ang [kapital](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapital_na_lungsod "Kapital na lungsod") at pinakamalaking bayan.

[![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bhutan_topo_en.jpg/250px-Bhutan_topo_en.jpg)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaksan:Bhutan_topo_en.jpg)

## Mga teritoryong pampangasiwaan

\[ [baguhin](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhutan&veaction=edit&section=1 "Baguhin seksiyon: Mga teritoryong pampangasiwaan") \| [baguhin ang wikitext](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhutan&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section's source code: Mga teritoryong pampangasiwaan")\]

01. Bumthang District
02. Chukha District
03. Dagana District
04. Gasa District
05. Haa District
06. Lhuntse District
07. Mongar District
08. Paro District
09. Pemagatshel District
10. Punakha District
11. Samdrup Jongkhar District
12. Samtse District
13. Sarpang District
14. Thimphu District
15. Trashigang District
16. Trashiyangtse District
17. Trongsa District
18. Tsirang District
19. Wangdue Phodrang District
20. Zhemgang District

## Kawil

\[ [baguhin](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhutan&veaction=edit&section=2 "Baguhin seksiyon: Kawil") \| [baguhin ang wikitext](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhutan&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section's source code: Kawil")\]

- [The Bhutan Times online newspaper](http://www.bhutantimes.com/)

## Tala

\[ [baguhin](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhutan&veaction=edit&section=3 "Baguhin seksiyon: Tala") \| [baguhin ang wikitext](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhutan&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section's source code: Tala")\]

1. [↑](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan#cite_ref-UN_WPP_1-0 "Umakyat")["World Population Prospects 2022"](https://population.un.org/wpp/). _population.un.org_. [United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1 "United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (hindi pa naisusulat)"), Population Division. Nakuha noong 17 July 2022.
2. [↑](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan#cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_2-0 "Umakyat")["World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100"](https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx) \[World Population Prospects 2022: Mga panukoy pang-demograpiko batay sa rehiyon, subrehiyon, at bansa, taunan mula 1950-2100\] (XSLX). _population.un.org_ ("Kabuuang populasyon, tumpak noong ika-1 ng Hulyo (libo)") (sa wikang Ingles). [United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1 "United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (hindi pa naisusulat)"), Population Division. Nakuha noong July 17, 2022.

| Itago
Mga bansa at dependensiya sa [Asya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asya "Asya") |
| --- |
| [Mga estadong soberano](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaan_ng_mga_bansa "Talaan ng mga bansa") | - [Apganistan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan "Afghanistan")
- [Armenya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia "Armenia")
- [Aserbayan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan "Azerbaijan")
- [Bahrain](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain "Bahrain")
- [Bangladesh](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh "Bangladesh")
- Bhutan
- [Brunei](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei_Darussalam "Brunei Darussalam")
- [Ehipto](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehipto "Ehipto")
- [Hapon](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon "Hapon")
- [Heorhiya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(bansa) "Georgia (bansa)")
- [Indiya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India")
- [Indonesia](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia "Indonesia")
- [Iran](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran "Iran")
- [Irak](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq "Iraq")
- [Israel](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel "Israel")
- [Jordan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan "Jordan")
- [Kambodya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia "Cambodia")
- [Kasakistan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan "Kazakhstan")
- [Korea (Hilaga)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilagang_Korea "Hilagang Korea")
- [Korea (Timog)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timog_Korea "Timog Korea")
- [Kuwait](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait "Kuwait")
- [Kirgistan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan "Kyrgyzstan")
- [Laos](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos "Laos")
- [Lebanon](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon "Lebanon")
- [Malaysia](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia "Malaysia")
- [Maldives](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives "Maldives")
- [Mongolia](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia "Mongolia")
- [Myanmar](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar "Myanmar")
- [Nepal](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal "Nepal")
- [Oman](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman "Oman")
- [Pakistan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan "Pakistan")
- [Pilipinas](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilipinas "Pilipinas")
- [Qatar](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar "Qatar")
- [Rusya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya "Rusya")
- [Saudi Arabia](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia "Saudi Arabia")
- [Singapura](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore "Singapore")
- [Sri Lanka](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka "Sri Lanka")
- [Syria](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria "Syria")
- [Tayikistan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan "Tajikistan")
- [Taylandiya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand "Thailand")
- [Timor-Leste (East Timor)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor-Leste "Timor-Leste")
- [Tsina](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsina "Tsina")
- [Tsipre](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsipre "Tsipre")
- [Turkiya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey "Turkey")
- [Turkmenistan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan "Turkmenistan")
- [Emiratos Arabes Unidos](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates "United Arab Emirates")
- [Usbekistan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan "Uzbekistan")
- [Biyetnam](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam "Vietnam")
- [Yemen](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen "Yemen") |
| [Estadong limitado ang pagkakakilala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition "en:List of states with limited recognition") | - [Abkasya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkasya "Abkasya")
- [Artsakh](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_ng_Artsakh "Republika ng Artsakh")
- [Hilagang Tsipre](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilagang_Tsipre "Hilagang Tsipre")
- [Palestina](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_territories "Palestinian territories")
- [Timog Ossetia](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timog_Ossetia "Timog Ossetia")
- [Taiwan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan "Taiwan") |
| [Dependensiya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teritoryong_dumedepende "Teritoryong dumedepende") at iba pang teritoryo | - [Britanikong Teritoryo sa Karagatang Indiyano](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory "British Indian Ocean Territory")
- [Kapuluang Christmas](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulo_ng_Christmas "Pulo ng Christmas")
- [Kapuluan ng Cocos (Keeling)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapuluang_Cocos_(Keeling) "Kapuluang Cocos (Keeling)")
- [Hong Kong](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong "Hong Kong")
- [Macau](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao "Macao") |
| - [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/20px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaksan:Symbol_book_class2.svg "Wikipedia book")[Book](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Book:Asia&action=edit&redlink=1 "Book:Asia (hindi pa naisusulat)")
- ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png)[Category](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Asya "Kategorya:Asya")
- [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaksan:Symbol_portal_class.svg "Portal")[Asia portal](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Asia&action=edit&redlink=1 "Portal:Asia (hindi pa naisusulat)") |

[![Bhutan](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaksan:Flag_of_Bhutan.svg "Bhutan")_Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa **Bhutan** ay isang [usbong](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Usbong "Wikipedia:Usbong"). Makatutulong ka sa [Wikipedia](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia "Wikipedia") sa [pagpapalawig](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhutan&action=edit) nito._

Nagmula sa " [https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhutan&oldid=2131652](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhutan&oldid=2131652)"

[Kategorya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_kategorya "Natatangi:Mga kategorya"):

- [Mga bansa sa Asya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_bansa_sa_Asya "Kategorya:Mga bansa sa Asya")
- [Bhutan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Bhutan "Kategorya:Bhutan")

Mga nakatagong kategorya:

- [Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Ingles (en)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Sangguniang_CS1_sa_wikang_Ingles_(en) "Kategorya:Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Ingles (en)")
- [Mga artikulong may tekstong nasa wikang Dzongkha](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_artikulong_may_tekstong_nasa_wikang_Dzongkha "Kategorya:Mga artikulong may tekstong nasa wikang Dzongkha")
- [Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Pages_using_infobox_country_or_infobox_former_country_with_the_symbol_caption_or_type_parameters "Kategorya:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters")
- [Pages using Lang-xx templates](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Pages_using_Lang-xx_templates "Kategorya:Pages using Lang-xx templates")
- [Stub (Bhutan)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Stub_(Bhutan) "Kategorya:Stub (Bhutan)")
- [Mga lathalaing dapat palawigin](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_lathalaing_dapat_palawigin "Kategorya:Mga lathalaing dapat palawigin")

Hanapin

Hanapin

Bhutan

257 wika[Bagong paksa](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan#)


Puno ng estado - Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya

[Pumunta sa nilalaman](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#bodyContent)

Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya

Huwag ikalito sa [Puno ng pamahalaan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_pamahalaan "Puno ng pamahalaan").

[![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/World_heads_of_state_in_1889.jpg/330px-World_heads_of_state_in_1889.jpg)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaksan:World_heads_of_state_in_1889.jpg) Isang photomontage na ginawa noong 1889 na nagtatampok sa mga puno ng estado ng maraming bansa noong mga panahong iyon.

Mula kaliwa pa-kanan: Yohannes IV (Emperador ng Ethiopia), Tewfik Pasha (Khedive ng Ehipto), Abdul Hamid II (Sultan ng Imperyong Ottoman), Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (Shah ng Persia), Christian IX (Hari ng Denmark), Dom Luís I (Hari ng Portugal), William III (Hari ng Netherlands), Dom Pedro II (Emperador ng Brazil), Milan I (Hari ng Serbia), Leopold II (Hari ng mga Belgian), Alexander III (Emperador ng Rusya), William I (Emperador ng Alemanya & Hari ng Prussia), Franz Joseph I (Emperador ng Austria & Hari ng Hungary), Victoria (Reyna ng United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland at Emperatris ng India), Jules Grévy ( [Pangulo ng Republikang Pranses](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Republikang_Pranses "Pangulo ng Republikang Pranses")), [Leo XIII](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Leo_XIII "Papa Leo XIII") ( [Santo Papa](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Papa "Santo Papa")), [Meiji](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperador_Meiji "Emperador Meiji") ( [Emperador ng Hapon](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperador_ng_Hapon "Emperador ng Hapon")), Guangxu ( [Emperador ng Tsina](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperador_ng_Tsina&action=edit&redlink=1 "Emperador ng Tsina (hindi pa naisusulat)")), Umberto I (Hari ng Italya), Don Alfonso XII (Hari ng Espanya), Oscar II (Hari ng Sweden at Norway) at [Chester A. Arthur](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur "Chester A. Arthur") ( [Pangulo ng Estados Unidos](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Estados_Unidos "Pangulo ng Estados Unidos")).

Ang **puno ng estado** ( [Ingles](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Ingles "Wikang Ingles"): _head of state_) ay ang pinakamataas na ranggong katungkulan sa [saligang-batas](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saligang-batas "Saligang-batas")[\[tala 1\]](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_note-1) sa isang [nakapangyayaring estado](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakapangyayaring_estado "Nakapangyayaring estado"). Ginagawaran ng kapangyarihan ang isang puno ng estado na maglingkod bilang pangunahing pampublikong kinatawan ng naturang estado. Sa karamihan ng mga bansa ang puno ng estado ay [likas na taong](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Likas_na_tao&action=edit&redlink=1 "Likas na tao (hindi pa naisusulat)") nanunungkulan. Sa isang [monarkiya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarkiya "Monarkiya") ang nananaig na monarko ay ang puno ng estado, bagamat ang kaniyang tituloy ay maaring hindi _hari_ o _reyna_. Sa isang [republika](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika "Republika") ang puno ng estado ay malimit na may titulong [pangulo](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangulo "Pangulo"), ngunit maaari ding magtaglay ng ibang titulo gaya ng [tagapangulo](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tagapangulo&action=edit&redlink=1 "Tagapangulo (hindi pa naisusulat)"). Samantala, sa apat na kasaping estado ng [Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_Nagkakaisang_Bansa "Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa") ang puno ng estado ay hawak ng isang [lupon ng mga tao](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasyon "Organisasyon"): ang Federal Council ng Switzerland, ang Presidency ng Bosnia at Herzegovina, ang Co-princes ng Andorra at ang Captains Regent ng San Marino.[\[1\]](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_note-unprotocol-2)[\[tala 2\]](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_note-3) Ang ginagampanan at katungkuluan ng tanggapan ng puno ng estado ay maaaring iba-iba mula sa isang pawang seremonyal o simboliko hanggang sa pagtataglay ng [kapangyarihang tagapagpaganap](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kapangyarihang_tagapagpaganap&action=edit&redlink=1 "Kapangyarihang tagapagpaganap (hindi pa naisusulat)") sa isang estado.

Madalas itinatangi ang tanggapan ng puno ng estado sa _[puno ng pamahalaan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_pamahalaan "Puno ng pamahalaan")._ Halimbawa, itinatangi sa artikulo 7 ng [Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienna_Convention_on_the_Law_of_Treaties&action=edit&redlink=1 "Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (hindi pa naisusulat)"), artikulo 1 ng [Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Convention_on_the_Prevention_and_Punishment_of_Crimes_against_Internationally_Protected_Persons,_including_Diplomatic_Agents&action=edit&redlink=1 "Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents (hindi pa naisusulat)") at talaan ng protokol ng [Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_Nagkakaisang_Bansa "Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa").[\[1\]](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_note-unprotocol-2)[\[2\]](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_note-4)[\[3\]](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_note-5) Pati rin sa mga [sistemang parlamentaryo](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemang_parlamentaryo "Sistemang parlamentaryo") gaya ng [United Kingdom](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom "United Kingdom") at [Alemanya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanya "Alemanya"); ang [Monarko](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monarko_ng_United_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1 "Monarko ng United Kingdom (hindi pa naisusulat)") at [Pangulo](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Alemanya "Pangulo ng Alemanya") ay kinikilalang kani-kanilang puno ng estado, habang ang [Punong Ministro](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punong_Ministro_ng_United_Kingdom "Punong Ministro ng United Kingdom") at [Chancellor](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chancellor_ng_Alemanya "Chancellor ng Alemanya") ay ang kani-kanilang puno ng pamahalaan.[\[1\]](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_note-unprotocol-2)[\[4\]](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_note-6)[\[5\]](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_note-7) Subalit sa mga republikang may [sistemang presidensiyal](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemang_presidensiyal "Sistemang presidensiyal"), gaya ng sa [Estados Unidos](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos "Estados Unidos"), at [Brazil](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil "Brazil"), ang kanilang mga pangulo ay siya ring _puno ng estado_ at _puno ng pamahalaan_.[\[1\]](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_note-unprotocol-2)[\[6\]](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_note-8)[\[7\]](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_note-9)

Karaniwang kasama sa mga ginagampanang katungkuluan ng puno ng estado ay ang [pagsalehitimo ng estado](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pagkalehitimo_(politikal)&action=edit&redlink=1 "Pagkalehitimo (politikal) (hindi pa naisusulat)") at iba pang katungkulang iginagawad ng konstitusyon, batas, kaugulian at tradisyong di-nasusulat ng isang bansa. Ipinagpapalagay ng [Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienna_Convention_on_Diplomatic_Relations&action=edit&redlink=1 "Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (hindi pa naisusulat)") na ang lahat ng puno ng misyong diplomatiko (i.e. [embahador](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embahador "Embahador") o [nunsiyo](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nunsiyo&action=edit&redlink=1 "Nunsiyo (hindi pa naisusulat)")) ng nagpasugong estado ay may akreditasyon ng puno ng estado ng pinagsuguang estado.[\[8\]](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_note-vienna_diplomatic-10) Sa mga mga [estadong bansa](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estadong_bansa&action=edit&redlink=1 "Estadong bansa (hindi pa naisusulat)") ang puno ng estado ay pinag-aaralan, batay sa kapangyarihan ng naturang posisyon, kung ito'y opisyal na "lider" o "simbolo" ng bansa.

## Talaan

\[ [baguhin](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Puno_ng_estado&veaction=edit&section=1 "Baguhin seksiyon: Talaan") \| [baguhin ang wikitext](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Puno_ng_estado&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section's source code: Talaan")\]

1. [↑](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_ref-1 "Umakyat")Sa istriktong protokol lamang (i.e. [order of precedence](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Order_of_precedence&action=edit&redlink=1 "Order of precedence (hindi pa naisusulat)"), ayos sa pagkakaupo, etc.); at hindi nangangahulugan pati ang kaakibat nitong aktuwal na kapangyarihan o impluwensiya.
2. [↑](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_ref-3 "Umakyat")Kahit sa ganitong sistema, isa o dalawa sa mga kasapi ng lupon ang gumaganap ng katungkulan gaya ng sa isang-taong puno ng estado, na mapapansin sa talaan ng protokol ng Mga Nagakakaisang Bansa

## Mga sanggunian

\[ [baguhin](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Puno_ng_estado&veaction=edit&section=2 "Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian") \| [baguhin ang wikitext](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Puno_ng_estado&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section's source code: Mga sanggunian")\]

1. ↑ [Umakyat patungo: 1.0](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_ref-unprotocol_2-0)[1.1](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_ref-unprotocol_2-1)[1.2](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_ref-unprotocol_2-2)[1.3](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_ref-unprotocol_2-3)[HEADS OF STATE, HEADS OF GOVERNMENT, MINISTERS FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS](http://www.un.int/protocol/documents/Hspmfm.pdf) [Naka-arkibo](https://web.archive.org/web/20120927014351/http://www.un.int/protocol/documents/Hspmfm.pdf) 2012-09-27 sa [Wayback Machine](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine")., Protocol and Liaison Service, United Nations (2012-10-19). Hinango noong 2012-11-01.
2. [↑](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_ref-4 "Umakyat")[Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969](http://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/1_1_1969.pdf), [International Law Commission](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Law_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1 "International Law Commission (hindi pa naisusulat)"), United Nations. Hinango noong 2012-10-15.
3. [↑](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_ref-5 "Umakyat")[Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents 1973](http://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/9_4_1973.pdf), [International Law Commission](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Law_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1 "International Law Commission (hindi pa naisusulat)"), United Nations. Hinango noong 2012-10.23.
4. [↑](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_ref-6 "Umakyat")[Germany](https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_gm.html) [Naka-arkibo](https://web.archive.org/web/20130616050820/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_gm.html) 2013-06-16 sa [Wayback Machine](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"). in [The World Factbook](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_World_Factbook&action=edit&redlink=1 "The World Factbook (hindi pa naisusulat)"), [Central Intelligence Agency](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency "Central Intelligence Agency"). Hinango noong 2012-10-23.
5. [↑](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_ref-7 "Umakyat")[United Kingdom](https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_uk.html) [Naka-arkibo](https://web.archive.org/web/20130816195042/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_uk.html) 2013-08-16 sa [Wayback Machine](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"). in [The World Factbook](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_World_Factbook&action=edit&redlink=1 "The World Factbook (hindi pa naisusulat)"), [Central Intelligence Agency](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency "Central Intelligence Agency"). Hinango noong 2012-10-23.
6. [↑](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_ref-8 "Umakyat")[Brazil](https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_br.html) [Naka-arkibo](https://web.archive.org/web/20130819170859/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_br.html) 2013-08-19 sa [Wayback Machine](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"). in [The World Factbook](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_World_Factbook&action=edit&redlink=1 "The World Factbook (hindi pa naisusulat)"), [Central Intelligence Agency](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency "Central Intelligence Agency"). Hinango noong 2012-10-23.
7. [↑](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_ref-9 "Umakyat")[United States](https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_us.html) [Naka-arkibo](https://web.archive.org/web/20130813113259/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_us.html) 2013-08-13 sa [Wayback Machine](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"). in [The World Factbook](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_World_Factbook&action=edit&redlink=1 "The World Factbook (hindi pa naisusulat)"), [Central Intelligence Agency](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency "Central Intelligence Agency"). Hinango noong 2012-10-23.
8. [↑](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#cite_ref-vienna_diplomatic_10-0 "Umakyat")[Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961](http://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/9_1_1961.pdf), [International Law Commission](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Law_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1 "International Law Commission (hindi pa naisusulat)"), United Nations. Hinango noong 2012-10-15.

Nagmula sa " [https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Puno\_ng\_estado&oldid=2084361](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Puno_ng_estado&oldid=2084361)"

[Mga kategorya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_kategorya "Natatangi:Mga kategorya"):

- [Pamahalaan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Pamahalaan "Kategorya:Pamahalaan")
- [Mga pinuno ng estado](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_pinuno_ng_estado "Kategorya:Mga pinuno ng estado")
- [Mga pinuno](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_pinuno "Kategorya:Mga pinuno")
- [Mga pinuno ng bansa](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_pinuno_ng_bansa "Kategorya:Mga pinuno ng bansa")

Nakatagong kategorya:

- [Webarchive template wayback links](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Webarchive_template_wayback_links "Kategorya:Webarchive template wayback links")
- [Mga artikulong may tekstong nasa wikang Ingles](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_artikulong_may_tekstong_nasa_wikang_Ingles "Kategorya:Mga artikulong may tekstong nasa wikang Ingles")
- [Pages using Lang-xx templates](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Pages_using_Lang-xx_templates "Kategorya:Pages using Lang-xx templates")

Hanapin

Hanapin

Puno ng estado

108 wika[Bagong paksa](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado#)


Monarkiya - Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya

[Pumunta sa nilalaman](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarkiya#bodyContent)

Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya

[![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Emperor_Jimmu.jpg/330px-Emperor_Jimmu.jpg)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaksan:Emperor_Jimmu.jpg) Isang pagsasalarawan noong ika-19 na siglo ni [Emperador Jinmu](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperador_Jinmu "Emperador Jinmu"), unang [Emperador ng Hapon](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperador_ng_Hapon "Emperador ng Hapon").

Ang **monarkiya** ( [Kastila](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Kastila "Wikang Kastila"): _monarquía_) ay isang anyo ng [pamahalaan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamahalaan "Pamahalaan") na ang kataas-taasang kapangyarihan ay lubusan o naturingang inilalagak sa isang indibiduwal, ang pinuno ng [estado](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado "Estado"), na kadalasang panghabang-buhay o hanggang pagbibitiw, at "buong itong hinihiwalay mula sa lahat ng kasapi ng estado."[\[1\]](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarkiya#cite_note-Bouvier-1) Tinatawag na **monarko** ang namumuno sa monarkiya. Ito ang karaniwang anyo ng pamahalaan sa mundo noong unang at [unang](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unang_Panahon&action=edit&redlink=1 "Unang Panahon (hindi pa naisusulat)") panahon.

Dating pangkaraniwang uri ng pamahalaan ang monarkiya hanggang sa ika-19 dantaon, subalit hindi na laganap sa kasalukuyan. Kung saan naman ito kasalukuyang ginagamit, kadalasang [monarkiyang konstitusyunal](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahariang_may_Saligang-Batas "Kahariang may Saligang-Batas") ang pinaiiral, kung saan ang napapanatili ang legal at seremonyal na papel ng monarkiya, subalit limitado o walang kapangyarihang pampolitika: sa ilalim ng nasusulat o hindi nasusulat na saligang batas, ang iba naman ay may kapangyarihang mamahala.

## Etimolohiya

\[ [baguhin](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monarkiya&veaction=edit&section=1 "Baguhin seksiyon: Etimolohiya") \| [baguhin ang wikitext](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monarkiya&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section's source code: Etimolohiya")\]

Ang salitang _monarkiya_ ay nagmula sa mga salitang galing sa [Wikang Griyego](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Griyego "Wikang Griyego") na [μονάρχης](https://tl.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B7%CF%82 "wikt:μονάρχης"), _monárkhēs_ (mula sa _monos_, μόνος, "isa/pang-isahan", at [ἄρχω](https://tl.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%84%CF%81%CF%87%CF%89 "wikt:ἄρχω"), _árkhō_, "pamunuan" (katulad _[archon](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archon "Archon")_, ἄρχων, "pinuno")) na tumutukoy sa isahan o o natatanging pamumuno.

## Mga sanggunian

\[ [baguhin](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monarkiya&veaction=edit&section=2 "Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian") \| [baguhin ang wikitext](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monarkiya&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section's source code: Mga sanggunian")\]

1. [↑](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarkiya#cite_ref-Bouvier_1-0 "Umakyat")"Bouvier, John, and Francis Rawle. _[Bouvier's Law Dictionary and Concise Encyclopedia](http://books.google.com/books?id=lWs8AAAAIAAJ)_. 1914\. 2237–2238.

[![Pamahalaan](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bonhommes_crystal_marron.png/40px-Bonhommes_crystal_marron.png)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaksan:Bonhommes_crystal_marron.png "Pamahalaan")[![Tao](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaksan:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg "Tao")[![Politika](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Emblem-WikiVote.svg/40px-Emblem-WikiVote.svg.png)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaksan:Emblem-WikiVote.svg "Politika")_Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa **Pamahalaan**, **Tao** at **Politika** ay isang [usbong](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Usbong "Wikipedia:Usbong"). Makatutulong ka sa [Wikipedia](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia "Wikipedia") sa [pagpapalawig](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monarkiya&action=edit) nito._

Nagmula sa " [https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monarkiya&oldid=2083270](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monarkiya&oldid=2083270)"

[Kategorya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_kategorya "Natatangi:Mga kategorya"):

- [Mga uri ng pamahalaan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_uri_ng_pamahalaan "Kategorya:Mga uri ng pamahalaan")

Mga nakatagong kategorya:

- [Stub (Pamahalaan)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Stub_(Pamahalaan) "Kategorya:Stub (Pamahalaan)")
- [Stub (Tao)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Stub_(Tao) "Kategorya:Stub (Tao)")
- [Stub (Politika)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Stub_(Politika) "Kategorya:Stub (Politika)")
- [Mga lathalaing dapat palawigin](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_lathalaing_dapat_palawigin "Kategorya:Mga lathalaing dapat palawigin")

Hanapin

Hanapin

Monarkiya

172 wika[Bagong paksa](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarkiya#)


Massachusetts - Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya

[Pumunta sa nilalaman](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts#bodyContent)

Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya

| Massachusetts |
| --- |
| [Estado](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_ng_Estados_Unidos "Estado ng Estados Unidos") |
| Bansa | [Estados Unidos](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos "Estados Unidos") |
| Sumali sa Unyon | 6 Pebrero 1788 (6th) |
| Kabisera | [Boston](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts "Boston, Massachusetts") |
| Pinakamalaking lungsod | [Boston](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts "Boston, Massachusetts") |
| Pinakamalaking kalakhan at urbanong lugar | [Greater Boston](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greater_Boston&action=edit&redlink=1 "Greater Boston (hindi pa naisusulat)") |
| Pamahalaan |
| • [Gobernador](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gobernador_ng&action=edit&redlink=1 "Gobernador ng (hindi pa naisusulat)") | [Charlie Baker](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlie_Baker&action=edit&redlink=1 "Charlie Baker (hindi pa naisusulat)") (R) |
| • [Gobernador Tinyente](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lieutenant_Governor_of&action=edit&redlink=1 "Lieutenant Governor of (hindi pa naisusulat)") | [Karyn Polito](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karyn_Polito&action=edit&redlink=1 "Karyn Polito (hindi pa naisusulat)") (R) |
| • Mataas na kapulungan | {{{Upperhouse}}} |
| • \[Mababang kapulungan | {{{Lowerhouse}}} |\
| Mga senador ng Estados Unidos | [Elizabeth Warren](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Warren&action=edit&redlink=1 "Elizabeth Warren (hindi pa naisusulat)") (D)
[Ed Markey](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ed_Markey&action=edit&redlink=1 "Ed Markey (hindi pa naisusulat)") (D) |\
| Populasyon |\
| • Kabuuan | 6,349,097 |\
| • Kapal | 809.8/milya kuwadrado (312.7/km2) |\
| • Panggitnang kita ng sambahayanan | $52,354 |\
| • Ranggo ng kita | 9th |\
| Wika |\
| • Opisyal na wika | [English](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language "English language") |\
| Tradisyunal na pagdadaglat | Mass. |\
| Latitud | 41° 14′ N to 42° 53′ N |\
| Longhitud | 69° 56′ W to 73° 30′ W |\
\
Ang **Sampamahalaan ng Massachusetts** o **Massachusetts** /ma·sa·tsu·sets/ ay isang [estado](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_ng_Estados_Unidos "Estado ng Estados Unidos") ng [Estados Unidos](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos "Estados Unidos").\
\
## Sanggunian\
\
\[ [baguhin](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&veaction=edit&section=1 "Baguhin seksiyon: Sanggunian") \| [baguhin ang wikitext](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section's source code: Sanggunian")\]\
\
1. [↑](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts#cite_ref-1 "Umakyat")["Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 2, Section 35: Designation of citizens of commonwealth"](https://web.archive.org/web/20081123060507/http://www.mass.gov/legis/laws/mgl/2-35.htm). The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Inarkibo mula sa [orihinal](http://www.mass.gov/legis/laws/mgl/2-35.htm) noong 2008-11-23. Nakuha noong 2008-02-29.: "Bay Staters shall be the official designation of citizens of the commonwealth."\
2. [↑](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts#cite_ref-2 "Umakyat")(dating 43,969 mi kuw (113,880 km2). bago maging hiwalay na estado ang Maine)\
3. ↑ [Umakyat patungo: 3.0](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts#cite_ref-usgs_3-0)[3.1](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts#cite_ref-usgs_3-1)["Elevations and Distances in the United States"](https://web.archive.org/web/20081006105354/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Highest). U.S Geological Survey. 29 Abril 2005. Inarkibo mula sa [orihinal](https://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Highest) noong 6 Oktubre 2008. Nakuha noong 6 Nobyembre 2006.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: year ( [link](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kategorya:CS1_maint:_year&action=edit&redlink=1 "Kategorya:CS1 maint: year (hindi pa naisusulat)"))\
\
| Itago
[Estados Unidos](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos "Estados Unidos") |\
| --- |\
| [Mga Estado](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_ng_Estados_Unidos "Estado ng Estados Unidos") | [Alabama](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama "Alabama") **·** [Alaska](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska "Alaska") **·** [Arizona](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona "Arizona") **·** [Arkansas](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas "Arkansas") **·** [California](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/California "California") **·** [Colorado](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado "Colorado") **·** [Connecticut](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut "Connecticut") **·** [Delaware](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware "Delaware") **·** [Florida](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida "Florida") **·** [Georgia](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(estado_ng_Estados_Unidos) "Georgia (estado ng Estados Unidos)") **·** [Hawaii](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii "Hawaii") **·** [Idaho](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho "Idaho") **·** [Illinois](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois "Illinois") **·** [Indiana](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana "Indiana") **·** [Iowa](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa "Iowa") **·** [Kansas](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas "Kansas") **·** [Kentucky](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky "Kentucky") **·** [Louisiana](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana "Louisiana") **·** [Maine](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine "Maine") **·** [Maryland](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland "Maryland") **·**Massachusetts **·** [Michigan](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan "Michigan") **·** [Minnesota](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota "Minnesota") **·** [Mississippi](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi "Mississippi") **·** [Missouri](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri "Missouri") **·** [Montana](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montana "Montana") **·** [Nebraska](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska "Nebraska") **·** [Nevada](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada "Nevada") **·** [New Hampshire](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire "New Hampshire") **·** [New Jersey](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey "New Jersey") **·** [New Mexico](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico "New Mexico") **·** [New York](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York "New York") **·** [North Carolina](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina "North Carolina") **·** [North Dakota](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota "North Dakota") **·** [Ohio](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio "Ohio") **·** [Oklahoma](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma "Oklahoma") **·** [Oregon](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon "Oregon") **·** [Pennsylvania](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania "Pennsylvania") **·** [Rhode Island](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island "Rhode Island") **·** [South Carolina](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina "South Carolina") **·** [South Dakota](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Dakota "South Dakota") **·** [Tennessee](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee "Tennessee") **·** [Texas](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas "Texas") **·** [Utah](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah "Utah") **·** [Vermont](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont "Vermont") **·** [Virginia](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia "Virginia") **·** [Washington](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_(estado) "Washington (estado)") **·** [West Virginia](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia "West Virginia") **·** [Wisconsin](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin "Wisconsin") **·** [Wyoming](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyoming "Wyoming") |\
| [Distritong Pederal](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distritong_Pederal&action=edit&redlink=1 "Distritong Pederal (hindi pa naisusulat)") | [Washington, D.C. (District of Columbia)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C. "Washington, D.C.") |\
| [Mga Lugar na Insular](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lugar_na_Insular&action=edit&redlink=1 "Lugar na Insular (hindi pa naisusulat)") | [American Samoa](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa "American Samoa") **·** [Guam](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam "Guam") **·** [Northern Mariana Islands](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands "Northern Mariana Islands") **·** [Puerto Rico](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico "Puerto Rico") **·** [U.S. Virgin Islands](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands "United States Virgin Islands") |\
| [Mga Malalayong Pulo](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Menor_na_Malalayong_Pulo_ng_Estados_Unidos&action=edit&redlink=1 "Menor na Malalayong Pulo ng Estados Unidos (hindi pa naisusulat)") | [Baker Island](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baker_Island&action=edit&redlink=1 "Baker Island (hindi pa naisusulat)") **·** [Howland Island](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Howland_Island&action=edit&redlink=1 "Howland Island (hindi pa naisusulat)") **·** [Jarvis Island](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jarvis_Island&action=edit&redlink=1 "Jarvis Island (hindi pa naisusulat)") **·** [Johnston Atoll](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johnston_Atoll&action=edit&redlink=1 "Johnston Atoll (hindi pa naisusulat)") **·** [Kingman Reef](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingman_Reef&action=edit&redlink=1 "Kingman Reef (hindi pa naisusulat)") **·** [Midway Atoll](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Midway_Atoll&action=edit&redlink=1 "Midway Atoll (hindi pa naisusulat)") **·** [Navassa Island](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Navassa_Island&action=edit&redlink=1 "Navassa Island (hindi pa naisusulat)") **·** [Palmyra Atoll](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palmyra_Atoll&action=edit&redlink=1 "Palmyra Atoll (hindi pa naisusulat)") **·** [Wake Island](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake_Island "Wake Island") |\
\
[![Estados Unidos](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaksan:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg "Estados Unidos")_Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa **Estados Unidos** ay isang [usbong](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Usbong "Wikipedia:Usbong"). Makatutulong ka sa [Wikipedia](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia "Wikipedia") sa [pagpapalawig](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit) nito._\
\
Nagmula sa " [https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&oldid=2052331](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&oldid=2052331)"\
\
[Kategorya](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_kategorya "Natatangi:Mga kategorya"):\
\
- [CS1 maint: year](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kategorya:CS1_maint:_year&action=edit&redlink=1 "Kategorya:CS1 maint: year (hindi pa naisusulat)")\
- [Pages using infobox U.S. state with unknown parameters](https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kategorya:Pages_using_infobox_U.S._state_with_unknown_parameters&action=edit&redlink=1 "Kategorya:Pages using infobox U.S. state with unknown parameters (hindi pa naisusulat)")\
- [Mga estado ng Estados Unidos](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_estado_ng_Estados_Unidos "Kategorya:Mga estado ng Estados Unidos")\
\
Nakatagong kategorya:\
\
- [Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments "Kategorya:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments")\
- [Stub (Estados Unidos)](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Stub_(Estados_Unidos) "Kategorya:Stub (Estados Unidos)")\
- [Mga lathalaing dapat palawigin](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_lathalaing_dapat_palawigin "Kategorya:Mga lathalaing dapat palawigin")\
\
Hanapin\
\
Hanapin\
\
Massachusetts\
\
195 wika[Bagong paksa](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts#)