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    This file is part of OpenFOAM.

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    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

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    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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Class
    Foam::reactionModels::EDC

Description
    Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) turbulent reaction model.

    This model considers that the reaction occurs in the regions of the flow
    where the dissipation of turbulence kinetic energy takes place (fine
    structures). The mass fraction of the fine structures and the mean residence
    time are provided by an energy cascade model.

    There are many versions and developments of the EDC model, 4 of which are
    currently supported in this implementation: v1981, v1996, v2005 and
    v2016.  The model variant is selected using the optional \c version entry in
    the \c EDC dictionary

    \verbatim
        EDC
        {
            version v2016;
        }
    \endverbatim

    The default version is \c v2005 if the \c version entry is not specified.

    Model versions and references:
    \verbatim
        Version v2005:

            Cgamma = 2.1377
            Ctau = 0.4083
            kappa = gammaL^exp1 / (1 - gammaL^exp2),

            where exp1 = 2, and exp2 = 2.

            Magnussen, B. F. (2005, June).
            The Eddy Dissipation Concept -
            A Bridge Between Science and Technology.
            In ECCOMAS thematic conference on computational combustion
            (pp. 21-24).

        Version v1981:

            Changes coefficients exp1 = 3 and exp2 = 3

            Magnussen, B. (1981, January).
            On the structure of turbulence and a generalised
            eddy dissipation concept for chemical reaction in turbulent flow.
            In 19th Aerospace Sciences Meeting (p. 42).

        Version v1996:

            Changes coefficients exp1 = 2 and exp2 = 3

            Gran, I. R., & Magnussen, B. F. (1996).
            A numerical study of a bluff-body stabilised diffusion flame.
            Part 2. Influence of combustion modeling and finite-rate chemistry.
            Combustion Science and Technology, 119(1-6), 191-217.

        Version v2016:

            Use local constants computed from the turbulent Da and Re numbers.

            Parente, A., Malik, M. R., Contino, F., Cuoci, A., & Dally, B. B.
            (2016).
            Extension of the Eddy Dissipation Concept for
            turbulence/chemistry interactions to MILD combustion.
            Fuel, 163, 98-111.
    \endverbatim

SourceFiles
    EDC.C

\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#ifndef EDC_H
#define EDC_H

#include "autoPtr.H"
#include "reactionModel.H"
#include "chemistryModel.H"
#include "NamedEnum.H"

// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

namespace Foam
{
namespace reactionModels
{

//- EDC model versions
enum class EDCversions
{
    v1981,
    v1996,
    v2005,
    v2016
};

extern const NamedEnum<EDCversions, 4> EDCversionNames;
extern const EDCversions EDCdefaultVersion;

const scalar EDCexp1[] = {3, 2, 2, 2};
const scalar EDCexp2[] = {3, 3, 2, 2};

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
                             Class EDC Declaration
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

class EDC
:
    public reactionModel
{
    // Private Data

        //- The selected model version
        EDCversions version_;

        //- Model constant
        scalar C1_;

        //- Model constant
        scalar C2_;

        //- Model constant
        scalar Cgamma_;

        //- Model constant
        scalar Ctau_;

        //- Model constant
        scalar exp1_;

        //- Model constant
        scalar exp2_;

        //- Mixing parameter
        volScalarField kappa_;

        //- Run chemistry correction on every outer iteration. Default true.
        bool outerCorrect_;

        //- The time index of the last correction
        label timeIndex_;

        //- Pointer to chemistry model
        autoPtr<chemistryModel> chemistryPtr_;


public:

    //- Runtime type information
    TypeName("EDC");


    // Constructors

        //- Construct from components
        EDC
        (
            const word& modelType,
            const fluidMulticomponentThermo& type,
            const compressibleMomentumTransportModel& turb,
            const word& reactionProperties
        );

        //- Disallow default bitwise copy construction
        EDC(const EDC&) = delete;


    //- Destructor
    virtual ~EDC();


    // Member Functions

        //- Correct reaction rate
        virtual void correct();

        //- Specie consumption rate field
        virtual tmp<volInternalScalarField> R(const label speciei) const;

        //- Specie consumption rate matrix
        virtual tmp<fvScalarMatrix> R(volScalarField& Y) const;

        //- Heat release rate [kg/m/s^3]
        virtual tmp<volInternalScalarField> Qdot() const;

        //- Update properties from given dictionary
        virtual bool read();


    // Member Operators

        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
        void operator=(const EDC&) = delete;
};


// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

} // End namespace reactionModels
} // End namespace Foam

// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

#endif

// ************************************************************************* //