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License
    This file is part of OpenFOAM.

    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

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    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
    for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

Class
    Foam::basicThermo

Description
    Base-class for fluid and solid thermodynamic properties.

    The basicThermo class is the pure virtual interface, plus static data and
    functions, including the selection table. It is default-constructable and
    holds no non-static data.

    The basicThermo::implementation class contains the class data, non-default
    construction and other implementation details.

    This structure allows for arbitrary mixing of the interfaces. Derived
    levels should implement a similar separation of interface and
    implementation. All interface classes should be default-constructable, and
    should be inherited virtually into whatever interfaces are required.
    Implementation classes should virtually inherit from their corresponding
    interface class and *not* a lower level implementation class.

    In derived levels that are complete enough to act as the base of a
    thermodynamic instantiation, an additional *::composite sub class should be
    defined, which (non-virtually) inherits from all the *::implementation
    classes that it needs. This way, the composite class composes an interface
    for which diamond patterns are resolved by virtual inheritance, whilst also
    obtaining a single copy of all the implementation classes it needs to form
    a complete implementation. The use of virtual inheritance does not result
    in additional constructor calls propagating further down the hierarchy
    (into BasicThermo and similar) because all virtually inherited interface
    classes are default constructable.

SourceFiles
    basicThermo.C

\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#ifndef basicThermo_H
#define basicThermo_H

#include "volFields.H"
#include "typeInfo.H"
#include "physicalProperties.H"
#include "autoPtr.H"
#include "wordIOList.H"

// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

namespace Foam
{

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
                         Class basicThermo Declaration
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

class basicThermo
{
    // Private Static Member Functions

        // Convert multiComponent -> multicomponent for backward-compatibility
        static word mixtureName(const Foam::dictionary& thermoTypeDict);

        //- Get the constructor iterator for the given thermo dictionary and
        //  entries and constructor iterator table
        template<class Thermo, class Table>
        static typename Table::iterator lookupCstrIter
        (
            const dictionary& thermoTypeDict,
            Table* tablePtr,
            const char* (&cmptNames)[7],
            const word& thermoTypeName
        );


protected:

    // Protected Static Member Functions

        //- Lookup and the named field, or construct it as MUST-READ if it is
        //  not found, and return a reference
        static volScalarField& lookupOrConstruct
        (
            const fvMesh& mesh,
            const char* name
        );


    // Protected Member Functions

        //- Enthalpy/internal energy field boundary types
        //  by interrogating the temperature field boundary types
        wordList heBoundaryTypes();

        //- Enthalpy/internal energy field boundary base types
        //  by interrogating the temperature field boundary types
        wordList heBoundaryBaseTypes();

        //- Enthalpy/internal energy field sources types
        //  by interrogating the temperature field sources types
        HashTable<word> heSourcesTypes();


public:

    // Public Classes

        //- Forward declare the implementation class
        class implementation;


    //- Runtime type information
    TypeName("basicThermo");


    //- Declare run-time constructor selection table
    declareRunTimeSelectionTable
    (
        autoPtr,
        basicThermo,
        fvMesh,
        (const fvMesh& mesh, const word& phaseName),
        (mesh, phaseName)
    );


    // Static Member Functions

        //- Name of a property for a given phase
        static word phasePropertyName(const word& name, const word& phaseName)
        {
            return IOobject::groupName(name, phaseName);
        }

        //- Get the constructor iterator for the given thermo dictionary and
        //  constructor iterator table
        template<class Thermo, class Table>
        static typename Table::iterator lookupCstrIter
        (
            const dictionary& thermoDict,
            Table* tablePtr
        );

        //- Lookup the thermo associated with the given field
        template<class FieldType>
        static const basicThermo& lookupThermo(const FieldType& f);

        //- Split name of thermo package into a list of the components names
        static wordList splitThermoName
        (
            const word& thermoName,
            const int nCmpt
        );

        //- Split name of thermo package into a list of named components names
        static List<Pair<word>> thermoNameComponents
        (
            const word& thermoName
        );


    // Selectors

        //- Generic New for each of the related thermodynamics packages
        template<class Thermo>
        static autoPtr<Thermo> New
        (
            const fvMesh&,
            const word& phaseName=word::null
        );

        //- Specialisation of the Generic New for basicThermo
        static autoPtr<basicThermo> New
        (
            const fvMesh&,
            const word& phaseName=word::null
        );


    //- Destructor
    virtual ~basicThermo();


    // Member Functions

        //- Properties dictionary
        virtual const IOdictionary& properties() const = 0;

        //- Non-const access the properties dictionary
        virtual IOdictionary& properties() = 0;

        //- Return const access to the mesh
        virtual const fvMesh& mesh() const = 0;

        //- Phase name
        virtual const word& phaseName() const = 0;

        //- Name of a property for a given phase
        word phasePropertyName(const word& name) const
        {
            return phasePropertyName(name, phaseName());
        }

        //- Check that the thermodynamics package is consistent
        //  with energy forms supported by the application
        void validate
        (
            const string& app,
            const word&
        ) const;

        //- Check that the thermodynamics package is consistent
        //  with energy forms supported by the application
        void validate
        (
            const string& app,
            const word&,
            const word&
        ) const;

        //- Update properties
        virtual void correct() = 0;

        //- Name of the mixture
        virtual word mixtureName() const = 0;

        //- Name of the thermo physics
        virtual word thermoName() const = 0;

        //- Return true if the equation of state is incompressible
        //  i.e. rho != f(p)
        virtual bool incompressible() const = 0;

        //- Return true if the equation of state is isochoric
        //  i.e. rho = const
        virtual bool isochoric() const = 0;

        //- Should the dpdt term be included in the enthalpy equation
        virtual Switch dpdt() const = 0;


        // Molecular properties

            //- Molecular weight [kg/kmol]
            virtual tmp<volScalarField> W() const = 0;

            //- Molecular weight for patch [kg/kmol]
            virtual tmp<scalarField> W(const label patchi) const = 0;


        // Thermodynamic state

            //- Temperature [K]
            virtual const volScalarField& T() const = 0;

            //- Temperature [K]
            //  Non-const access allowed for transport equations
            virtual volScalarField& T() = 0;

            //- Enthalpy/Internal energy [J/kg]
            virtual const volScalarField& he() const = 0;

            //- Enthalpy/Internal energy [J/kg]
            //  Non-const access allowed for transport equations
            virtual volScalarField& he() = 0;

            //- Heat capacity at constant pressure [J/kg/K]
            virtual const volScalarField& Cp() const = 0;

            //- Heat capacity at constant volume [J/kg/K]
            virtual const volScalarField& Cv() const = 0;

            //- Heat capacity at constant pressure/volume [J/kg/K]
            virtual const volScalarField& Cpv() const = 0;


        // Derived Thermodynamic Properties

            //- Density [kg/m^3]
            virtual tmp<volScalarField> rho() const = 0;

            //- Density for patch [kg/m^3]
            virtual tmp<scalarField> rho(const label patchi) const = 0;

            //- Enthalpy/Internal energy
            //  for given pressure and temperature [J/kg]
            virtual tmp<volScalarField> he
            (
                const volScalarField& p,
                const volScalarField& T
            ) const = 0;

            //- Enthalpy/Internal energy
            //  for given pressure and temperature [J/kg]
            virtual tmp<volInternalScalarField> he
            (
                const volInternalScalarField& p,
                const volInternalScalarField& T
            ) const = 0;

            //- Enthalpy/Internal energy for cell-set [J/kg]
            virtual tmp<scalarField> he
            (
                const scalarField& T,
                const labelList& cells
            ) const = 0;

            //- Enthalpy/Internal energy for patch [J/kg]
            virtual tmp<scalarField> he
            (
                const scalarField& T,
                const label patchi
            ) const = 0;

            //- Enthalpy/Internal energy for source [J/kg]
            virtual tmp<volInternalScalarField> he
            (
                const volInternalScalarField& T,
                const fvSource& model,
                const volInternalScalarField& source
            ) const = 0;

            //- Enthalpy/Internal energy for source [J/kg]
            virtual tmp<scalarField> he
            (
                const scalarField& T,
                const fvSource& model,
                const scalarField& source,
                const labelUList& cells
            ) const = 0;

            //- Sensible enthalpy [J/kg]
            virtual tmp<volScalarField> hs() const = 0;

            //- Sensible enthalpy
            //  for given pressure and temperature [J/kg]
            virtual tmp<volScalarField> hs
            (
                const volScalarField& p,
                const volScalarField& T
            ) const = 0;

            //- Sensible enthalpy
            //  for given pressure and temperature [J/kg]
            virtual tmp<volInternalScalarField> hs
            (
                const volInternalScalarField& p,
                const volInternalScalarField& T
            ) const = 0;

            //- Sensible enthalpy for cell-set [J/kg]
            virtual tmp<scalarField> hs
            (
                const scalarField& T,
                const labelList& cells
            ) const = 0;

            //- Sensible enthalpy for patch [J/kg]
            virtual tmp<scalarField> hs
            (
                const scalarField& T,
                const label patchi
            ) const = 0;

            //- Absolute enthalpy [J/kg]
            virtual tmp<volScalarField> ha() const = 0;

            //- Absolute enthalpy
            //  for given pressure and temperature [J/kg]
            virtual tmp<volScalarField> ha
            (
                const volScalarField& p,
                const volScalarField& T
            ) const = 0;

            //- Absolute enthalpy
            //  for given pressure and temperature [J/kg]
            virtual tmp<volInternalScalarField> ha
            (
                const volInternalScalarField& p,
                const volInternalScalarField& T
            ) const = 0;

            //- Absolute enthalpy for cell-set [J/kg]
            virtual tmp<scalarField> ha
            (
                const scalarField& T,
                const labelList& cells
            ) const = 0;

            //- Absolute enthalpy for patch [J/kg]
            virtual tmp<scalarField> ha
            (
                const scalarField& T,
                const label patchi
            ) const = 0;

            //- Heat capacity at constant pressure for patch [J/kg/K]
            virtual tmp<scalarField> Cp
            (
                const scalarField& T,
                const label patchi
            ) const = 0;

            //- Heat capacity at constant volume for patch [J/kg/K]
            virtual tmp<scalarField> Cv
            (
                const scalarField& T,
                const label patchi
            ) const = 0;

            //- Heat capacity at constant pressure/volume for patch [J/kg/K]
            virtual tmp<scalarField> Cpv
            (
                const scalarField& T,
                const label patchi
            ) const = 0;

            //- Gamma = Cp/Cv []
            tmp<volScalarField> gamma() const;

            //- Gamma = Cp/Cv for patch []
            tmp<scalarField> gamma
            (
                const scalarField& T,
                const label patchi
            ) const;


        // Temperature-energy inversion functions

            //- Temperature from enthalpy/internal energy
            virtual tmp<volScalarField> The
            (
                const volScalarField& h,
                const volScalarField& p,
                const volScalarField& T0    // starting temperature
            ) const = 0;

            //- Temperature from enthalpy/internal energy for cell-set
            virtual tmp<scalarField> The
            (
                const scalarField& h,
                const scalarField& T0,      // starting temperature
                const labelList& cells
            ) const = 0;

            //- Temperature from enthalpy/internal energy for patch
            virtual tmp<scalarField> The
            (
                const scalarField& h,
                const scalarField& T0,      // starting temperature
                const label patchi
            ) const = 0;


        // Transport state

            //- Thermal conductivity of mixture [W/m/K]
            virtual const volScalarField& kappa() const = 0;
};


/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
                 Class basicThermo::implementation Declaration
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

class basicThermo::implementation
:
    virtual public basicThermo
{
    // Private Data

        //- Reference to the mesh
        const fvMesh& mesh_;


protected:

    // Protected data

        //- Phase-name
        const word& phaseName_;


        // Fields

            //- Temperature [K]
            volScalarField T_;

            //- Thermal conductivity [W/m/K]
            volScalarField kappa_;


        //- Should the dpdt term be included in the enthalpy equation
        Switch dpdt_;


public:

    // Constructors

        //- Construct from dictionary, mesh and phase name
        implementation(const dictionary&, const fvMesh&, const word&);

        //- Disallow default bitwise copy construction
        implementation(const implementation&) = delete;



    //- Destructor
    virtual ~implementation();


    // Member Functions

        //- Return const access to the mesh
        virtual const fvMesh& mesh() const
        {
            return mesh_;
        }

        //- Phase name
        virtual const word& phaseName() const
        {
            return phaseName_;
        }

        //- Should the dpdt term be included in the enthalpy equation
        virtual Switch dpdt() const
        {
            return dpdt_;
        }


        // Thermodynamic state

            //- Temperature [K]
            virtual const volScalarField& T() const;

            //- Temperature [K]
            //  Non-const access allowed for transport equations
            virtual volScalarField& T();


        // Transport state

            //- Thermal conductivity of mixture [W/m/K]
            virtual const volScalarField& kappa() const;


        //- Read thermophysical properties dictionary
        virtual void read(const dictionary&);


    // Member Operators

        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
        void operator=(const implementation&) = delete;
};


// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

} // End namespace Foam

// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

#ifdef NoRepository
    #include "basicThermoTemplates.C"
#endif

// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

#endif

// ************************************************************************* //