The Concert of Europe
Treaty of Paris |
Congress of Vienna |
The Holy Alliance |
Quadruple Alliance |
Treaty of Paris
After the long fall of Napoleon from the disastrous retreat from Russia to the Battle of the Nations, when all hope of victory had faded, Napoleon decided it was time to surrender to the allies. With the usurper finally out of the way, Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia gathered together in 1814 in the most convenient spot (Paris) to discuss what should happen to France. Talleyrand (who once had been called by Napoleon, "crap in a silk stocking") represented France and von Metternich represented Austria.
The prevailing mood among the victors was that France itself must remain intact in order to maintain the balance of power in Europe. To this end, the terms of the peace were very generous. France returned to the borders of 1792; she regained most of her colonies; and was not forced to pay an indemnity. But, unfortunately for France, her old lover returned for one last fling. Napoleon returned on a ship from his exile in Elba and raised a new army. But he was quickly defeated after 100 days at the Battle of Waterloo. That France would again support Napoleon hardened the hearts of the negotiators somewhat. They met again and imposed harsher terms for France.
The Congress of Vienna
The Napoleonic Wars had taken a severe toll on the manhood of France and the countries of Europe. Hundreds of thousands of men died in battle or from disease during the campaigns. Many civilian people died from starvation and deprivation when their homes and countries were ravaged by war. The diplomats who met in Vienna were determined to avoid such a demographic calamity again. So they determined to work together to create a system to maintain peace and order.
Yet the ministers and representatives of the Congress of Vienna were realists. They knew that the martial spirit of Europe had not been bled dry. The last return of Napoleon was ample evidence that a nation could still be whipped into a war frenzy. The fifteen years of Napoleon preceded by the ten years of the French Revolution had taught them much of the collective and individual motivations and actions of men. Thus they proceeded with their deliberations with certain ideas in mind.
- To restrict wars of aggression by France: France had been an aggressive force in Europe since Louis XIV.
- That a balance of power must be maintained: It was felt that an equality of force among disparate European powers would create enough uncertainty that rulers would not be inclined to risk the use of aggressive force. It would make it more difficult for one nation to dominate Europe.
- A system of rewards and punishments for past deeds must be in place: This would discourage European powers from future aggrandizement. (Not to mention the fact that it would reward the current participants in the Congress.)
- Countries must be ruled by legitimate governments.
The InDepthInfo History of Modern Europe was designed as a homeschool history textbook. It covers an exciting time in modern Europe between the Renaissance and the End of World War I. It has report suggestions, chapter quizzes, and a final examination. Perfect for high school level study.
These principles espoused mainly by Metternich were considered conservative. Some have said that the object of the Congress was to return Europe to status quo ante (or the way things were before the wars). But this was not true. The congress changed many borders. The Holy Roman Empire was left dismantled. Military and political organization was forever changed. The congress provided a new precedent for concerted action by nations and states to work to resolve issues peacefully. In fact, there would be no general European war again until the Great War of 1914 (WWI).
The immediate result of the Congress of Vienna was the growth of the major states of Russia, Prussia, and Austria, at the expense of Poland, Saxony, and Italy. Legitimate rulers were restored in many states including France and Spain.
The Holy Alliance
Alexander I, Tsar of Russia, had become mystical about this time. He believed that he had been appointed by God to destroy Napoleon. After the Napoleonic Wars he felt that the best hope for peace in Europe was to create an alliance where the states participating would swear to abide by Christian principles. Prussia and Austria joined with Russia in this alliance.
The Quadruple Alliance
In the wake of the Napoleonic Wars there was a mania for alliance building. The Quadruple Alliance was an effort to keep together the force that had finally destroyed Napoleon. The Quadruple Alliance included Great Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia. They agreed to meet periodically to resolve the problems of Europe. (France joined in 1818, making it the Quintuple Alliance.) Thus, congresses of Europe met until about 1822 when there was a falling out about the right of the alliance members to interfere in the politics of other states. Britain left, and the alliance withered away.
For many historians this period in European history serves as an aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars. Yet it was significant. It was the first time since the middle ages that Europeans had made any significant strides toward unity and continental peace. Yes, war and revolution would occur during the remainder of the century. But on the whole it was a peaceful period, and the people of Europe were generally grateful for the time of growth, stability, and prosperity which followed.


ICTC: Activities mark Career and Technical Education Month
February is designated as Career and Technical Education Month. The Indiana County Technology Center celebrates CTE month with fun activities every Friday for the rest of February.
Today is Walking Taco Day. Students can purchase a walking taco for $2.50.
On Feb. 14, hot cocoa and sugar cookies which will be distributed to the students. Students can also decorate their own customized sugar cookie.
Feb. 21 is “Duck Dynasty” Day. Students will be able to dress up as their favorite “Duck Dynasty” character and the best dressed will have their photographs taken.
Career-related and camouflage ducks will be sold to students through Feb. 27.
All proceeds collected will benefit Skills USA at the ICTC.
On Feb. 28, the last Friday of CTE month, students can participate in a duck toss in the Lobby of the ICTC. The winner will be rewarded with a breakfast/lunch with a friend, compliments of the culinary restaurant.
In addition to the activities, every Friday in February will provide the students with an opportunity to be awarded a prize.
Students who have perfect attendance for the month of February will be selected to win weekly prizes. On the last Friday of the month, there will be three grand prizes available to all morning and afternoon students.
Grand prize winners will also be selected on the last day of the month.
On Jan. 20, the SkillsUSA District 8 competition was hosted by the Indiana County Technology Center.
Students from 11 different career and technical centers participated in contests that were held at ICTC, Indiana Area Senior High School, the Kovalchick Convention and Athletic Complex, WyoTech and Consol Energy.
The students competed in events including advertising design, carpentry, masonry, photography, nurse assisting.
The winners of each event will be traveling to Hershey in April to compete at state level.
The students from the career and technology centers demonstrated exceptional skill and knowledge of their events and competed vigorously to win.
From the Indiana County Technology Center, 11 students were winners and 19 placed in their events.
The students who earned third-place honors were Alexis McConnell for action skills, Mitchell Meager for basic health care, Amy Aimino for carpentry, Bo Anderson for CNC technician, Marcus Valenti for computer maintenance and Tom McDowell for masonry.
Runners-up were Courtney Taylor for advertising design and Kim Wheatcroft for customer service.
The winners who will be going to Hershey for the state competition in April are Shawn Naworol for auto service technology, Brandon Czerniec for automotive refinishing, Katilyn Smith for culinary arts, Waylon McGreary for electrical construction wiring, Ian McCleary for HVACR, Chelsea Yeomans for job skills demo, Kristin Glance for nail care, Christina Pizer as a nail care model, Caitlin Hauser for nurse assisting, Morgan Johnston for photography and Royce Bish for sheet metal.
Congratulations to all of the competitors for showing exceptional skills and to all of the winners of the SkillsUSA District 8 competition.


Over the past few years, e-mail has become a popular channel for business communication. But, the growth of e-mail has created security and storage issues, resulting in companies finding themselves obligated to preserve records of all e-mails for a number of years. In the new era of Big Data, CIOs experience what it feels to be a gold digger, sans the smudges of dark caves. This is all to find some long lost data that is as obscure as big foot or recovering a crashed mailing client on a CXO's laptop. Couple this with the current snail-paced global economy and the evergreen need to be competitive in the marketplace; a company can waste a lot of time finding important data using legacy e-discovery methods.
IT as a company function is a pretty new idea, particularly in India, considering that Tim Berners-Lee invented the Internet in 1989. Information Technology and its benefits have recently been seen in many European and American companies with the advent of ERP systems of the likes of SAP and PeopleSoft. These systems help optimize a company's functioning at all levels, all the while cutting on paper-printing expenses. Driving the corporate communications landscape is the e-mail -- purchase orders, company strategy presentations, marketing creatives all flow through e-mails in the modern organization. Even though modern, some organizations still prefer to backup e-mail and data using dated CDs and DVDs and mounting them when required. Such a method is often preferred because IT, in some corporate quarters, is still seen as a pure expense.
Present maturity in Information Technology has gifted us solutions to discover any data in few seconds. The spearhead of this techno-swiss-knife are a special class of software that are used for e-mail discovery. Before laying down the ace and calling it a flush in favour of e-mail archiving; let's dive into some common scenarios that a CIO and his team faces in an e-mail driven modern organization.:-
Law SuitesGlobal and national Indian laws have deemed e-mail as legit evidence in the Court of Law. Some acts that are worth mentioning are Sarbanes-Oxley Act, HIPPA, Indian IT Act 2000 and multitude of others. An e-mail archival system, essentially, keeps the mails in their original form, tamper-proof and encrypted. Any attempt to breach of any kind is of course recorded and reported to relevant members of the organization. But, the breacher won't get anything more than something like "ErNiNooc3BwTrGvGrvhPT4PKopYZKoNhCY62Lx0yAj", that's nothing but ASCII characters, which would require a millennia or more and several super-computers to decipher.
The Email Archival Advantage: Secure, fast recovery while saving time and money.
E-mail DiscoveryI recently visited a muti-national cargo company. The IT manager was struggling with a legacy PST backup system to manage the pile of DVDs/CDs on top of an unsatisfactory system. Discovering an old mail using PSTs can be a herculean task of finding a needle in a giant haystack. E-mail archival systems help in searching the unsearchable and that too to the level of case-sensitive phrases within a mail attachment of a mail long-archived in the archival system.
The Email Archival Advantage: Fast e-mail discovery, again saving time and money.
Personal Computers crash faster than the BSE, which might result in loss of precious data. This in turn can lead to indirect loss at times, for instance in a case where an e-mail with crucial pricing info is lost.
In the age of BYOD and Big Data scenarios, a mail archival system helps users restore one's mails' data in few seconds. The task is simple: Login, Select Date Range, Search, hit on restore! Many e-mail archival systems offer controlling the access to the user archives as well. If the users are given normal access, it might not even be necessary to contact IT support by an employee to restore his/her mails, thus saving the time of IT support and freeing them of such monotonous tasks.
The Email Archival Advantage: Saving time and resources.
ISO, CMIE and several other compliance ruling bodies ordain an organization to comply in a certain way in which mails are treated. In short, e-mails ought to be archived properly, if a company is to get a compliance certificate. Especially outsourcing companies have to comply to such guidelines in order to bag the multi-million Euro deal. Compliance to legal acts also come in this purview. Yet again, an archival system serves this purpose.
The Email Archival Advantage: Winning orders, increasing business
E-mail archival helps in above ways and more. For those still in doubt about the ROI, consider e-mail archival as a long-term investment. The fast ROI would be the time saved in recovering a crashed laptop of a company director. Modern e-mail archival systems help the IT team gleam as heroic angels and the CIO as their archangel. This clever investment is light on the corporate pocket if the mail archival is on open source technologies vis-a-vis a closed source technology. Also, many mail archival solutions are also available on the cloud. The take-away here is to archive mails left right and center, using modern mail archival systems that help in sticky situations where fortunes might have been lost, if it weren't for the mail archiving.
The author is COO, netCORE Solutions


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Summary Increased sleep need following traumatic brain injury, referred to in this study as post‐traumatic pleiosomnia, is common, but so far its clinical impact and therapeutic implications have not been characterized. We present a
case–control study of 36 patients with post‐traumatic pleiosomnia, defined by an increased sleep need of at least 2 h per 24 h after traumatic brain injury, compared to 36 controls. We assessed detailed history, sleep‐activity patterns with sleep logs and actigraphy,
nocturnal sleep with polysomnography and daytime sleep propensity with multiple sleep latency tests. Actigraphy recordings revealed that traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients had longer estimated sleep durations than controls (10.8 h per 24 h, compared to 7.3 h). When using
sleep logs, TBI patients underestimated their sleep need. During nocturnal sleep, patients had higher amounts of slow‐wave sleep than controls (20 versus 13.8%). Multiple sleep latency tests revealed excessive daytime sleepiness in 15 patients (42%), and 10 of them had signs of chronic
sleep deprivation. We conclude that post‐traumatic pleiosomnia may be even more frequent than reported previously, because affected patients often underestimate their actual sleep need. Furthermore, these patients exhibit an increase in slow‐wave sleep which may reflect recovery
mechanisms, intrinsic consequences of diffuse brain damage or relative sleep deprivation.


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Today , i'm going to show you how to make a tic tac blowgun in 2 easy steps! You can put your darts in the tic tac box
Materials : A straw Needles Hot Glue Gun or super glue Scissors Q tips Tic Tac
First, make 2 holes in the tic tac box ,one in the top and one in the bottom.Make sure they are aligned so the straw can fit in them
To make the dart, take a q tip , cut it in half and glue the needle on top of it...
To shoot it , put the dart in the straw and blow!
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After my activity bag post ran recently over on The Natural Parents Network, I was inspired by others forming swaps to give it a go again, this time with my local Attachement Parenting group. This is my first time organizing, though I’ve participated in two other swaps with folks online. We had enough interest to break the group into two, a younger and a (just slightly) older group, and those who are able will meet at my house for the actual swap at the end of the month.
I think I know what I am going to make — mini-log blocks like we made for the girls Christmas, with paint-stirrer sticks to help with construction, and plastic bugsto play with on them.
My second backup choice, that I also love and want to make, is magnetic foam tangrams — Here’s a decription with no photos, here are a couple more links about it. I think it would be cool to print/photocopy some picture guides to add to this as well, possibly the same size as the pieces so the kids could do them like a puzzle, with the magnets holding the pieces in place to avoid frustration.
Here are a bunch more activity bag ideas I’ve stumbled up and love — hopefully I’ll either make them or receive them via a trade or swap at some point! If you try any of them, let me know how they turn out!!!
- Nuts, bolts and washers – just a mix of different sizes, for the kids to explore, sort, and put together.
- Number wheel — clothespin and a cardboard circle with dots to match to numbers
- Tangled Weaving Web — super easy, looks fun!
- Shades of color activity — using paint chips to sort colors into a grid. Cool!
- Double Trouble shapes – matching combinations of foam shapes
- Popsicle stick puzzles — make your own puzzles with any image, with craft sticks!
- Story Blocks/Dice – OMG! Love these! I want some to use during mealtimes, especially lunch!
- Marble Travel Game — Brilliant! Though I fear my girls would be frustrated that the marble is stuck in there & they can’t see it or take it out!
- Measure it! – sorting different lengths of fun ribbons into three sizes
- Magnet Mosaics — use easily store bought round magnets to create pictures using a (printable) guide or doing it yourself (may be cost prohibative for a swap, but I am going to do it myself, as we already have these magnets!)
- Magnetic Fishing — Easy version, cool but sewing involved version
- Magnetic Personalities – making magnets out of photos and cut out characters (either laminated or glued on cardstock?), with heads cut off to mix and match (look half way down the page).
- Velcro toys (description found here, no pictures!)– cover a piece of wood with velcro, and affix velcro to small toys or objects
- Make your own mini- race track — This one I did for a swap years ago, and never finished making one for my own kids! Basically, I cut black canvas/heavy fabric into tracks (straights, curves, some intersections, etc) similar to a toy train track, with velcro on either side so the kids can stick them together whatever way they want. I included enough to make a complete circle or oval, plus extras to extend or make more of a town layout. I included a couple mini-cars. It was really fun! I really ought to pull out the supplies and do this for us (and blog about it, ha ha)
- Sorting erasers (just a collection of those colorful mini-erasers, and cups/muffin tin/ice cube tray for sorting
- Sensory balloons — looks like a fun, easy project!
- Fine Motor games — Straw or lid dropor pipe cleaner sort
- Button Outline Matching (or just button sorting would be fun too!)
- Letter matching eggs – Instead of letters it could also be shapes, symbols, pictures, stickers…
- Stringing straws and buttons — Very simple, and looks fun!
- Craft foam bath murals– We have these already, and the girls LOVE them and it’s pretty much the only bath toy they use (for a loooooong time, if we let them).
Hooray for activity bags, and busy kids!


Science Investigatory Projects
The rapid evolution of technology shows a rapidly changing world. Inventions have evolved and continue to evolve such that after several years of study, research and experimentation reach great developments.
This investigatory project mini website are made to promote science and technology consciousness among the general public. And help high school students find all possible online resources for their research projects in chemistry, physics, biology and other science investigatory projects.
Define Science and Technology?
The history of science and technology is a field of history which examines how humanity understands of the natural world (science) and ability to manipulate it (technology) has changed over the millennium. This field of history also studies the cultural, economic, and political impacts of scientific innovation.
What is Chemistry?
Chemistry is the science treating matter at the atomic to macromolecular scale, the reactions, transformations and aggregations of matter, as well as accompanying energy and entropy changes during these processes. In short, chemistry studies molecules, crystals, and metal/nonmetals and is concerned with the composition and statistical properties of such structures, as well as their transformations and interactions to become materials encountered in everyday life. According to modern chemistry, the physical properties of materials are generally determined by their structure at the molecular or atomic scale, which is itself defined by inter atomic electromagnetic forces, and laws of quantum mechanics and thermodynamics from various fields of physics. Robert Boyle (1661), Antoine Lavoisier (1787), and John Dalton (1808) can be considered the three fathers of modern chemistry, while some consider the earlier chemist Geber to be the father of chemistry. [Source: Wikipedia]


An energy indaba, similar to the much-mooted economic indaba, might be the route to go to resolve the “complex problems” of secure energy supply and high electricity prices, Minister in the Presidency for National Planning Trevor Manuel has proposed
At a business breakfast running alongside the ANC’s national conference in Mangaung yesterday, the minister was asked what the solution was to ever-increasing power prices, which were whittling down, rather than expanding, jobs in the manufacturing sector.
Manuel said the problems with Eskom were “unbelievably difficult” to solve, partly because “energy costs have been so low for so long”. The other challenge was that electricity generation was a carbon intensive industry, which was proving “exceedingly difficult” to change.
Pressed on whether there should be greater competition in generation, distribution and transmission, he said while there was a commitment to bring in independent power producers, they could not initially match the unit cost of electricity achieved by Eskom.
Noting the contradiction between the emphasis placed on promoting manufacturing in the National Development Plan (NDP) and the fact that the manufacturing sector was contracting because of recent electricity tariff hikes, Manuel said: “We need to talk to each other on these issues… no one wants to pay more for energy.”
Manuel acknowledged that the experiment to introduce regional electricity distributors (Reds) had failed “They did not work… we pushed the Reds back under the bed,” he joked.
He was referring to a network of planned Reds, of which only the first, Red One, was established covering the Western Cape and Northern Cape. However, it never properly got off the ground and municipalities continue to distribute electricity in areas where they are licensed to do so. Eskom serves the rest of the country directly.
Only about half of the 283 municipalities are licensed to distribute electricity. Red One was aborted amid challenges from municipalities.
Manuel said municipalities’ role in supplying electricity was an important issue in the power pricing outcome as they placed a surcharge on the Eskom price. “They use that as a revenue source, which adds to the cost… these are big issues.”
While many stakeholders in South Africa wanted an economic indaba to find common ground in meeting the financial and fiscal challenges facing the country, he believed that “maybe we need an energy indaba” to find solutions to these seemingly intractable problems.
The NDP, which was drawn up by the National Planning Commission chaired by Manuel, expressed itself wary of tapping into new sources of nuclear power if it proved costly. However, it was more amenable to the possibility of exploiting shale gas in the Karoo, which Mineral Resources Minister Susan Shabangu has pointed out could have potential reserves of 485 trillion cubic feet of gas.
Asked whether implementation of the NDP would receive a fillip with the election of businessman Cyril Ramaphosa as ANC deputy chief, Manuel said he had already been a “resonant voice” in publicly articulating the plan “in spite of all of his responsibilities”. He was referring to Ramaphosa’s business interests in Shanduka and Ivanplats and board positions at MTN and Lonmin, among others. “He has actually made an immense amount of time available for the work of the commission.”
Manuel said he was hoping to continue working both in the commission, which forged the NDP, “and outside of it”.
He said the commission, of which Ramaphosa is deputy chairman, had a five-year lifespan, but discussions would be held with President Jacob Zuma to decide whether an extension of the commissioners’ terms would be necessary. Such discussions were likely to take place early in the new year.
Meanwhile, Bloomberg reported yesterday that Ramaphosa, the chairman of MTN Group and Bidvest, was reviewing his business interests after being elected deputy president of the ANC.
“This is necessary to address any potential conflicts of interest and to ensure that I can adequately perform the responsibilities of this position,” Ramaphosa said yesterday. In September, Sunday Times estimated his wealth at R2.22bn.


1937 – Best Actor in a Leading Role, "Captains Courageous"
Tracy, an Irish American and devout Catholic, was the first actor to win back-to-back Oscars (1938 Best Actor for "Captains Courageous" and 1939 Best Actor for "Boys Town").
Between both performances, we consider Tracy’s portrayal as Portuguese-American fisherman Manuel in Rudyard Kipling’s "Captains Courageous" to be the better of the two.
2. Gregory Peck
1962 – Best Actor in a Leading Role, "To Kill a Mockingbird"
After four Oscar nominations, Peck finally nabbed the award for his riveting performance as Atticus Finch in "To Kill a Mockingbird." In this legendary performance, Peck helps bring Harper Lee’s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel to life in his role as the Depression-era lawyer who defends a black man accused of raping a white woman in a racially tense town.
Peck, who’s grandmother was a native of Dingle, Co. Kerry, helped his character earn the title of “Greatest Hero in 100 Years of Film History” by the American Film Institute.
1. Sean Penn
2003 – Best Actor in a Leading Role, "Mystic River"
It’s tough to compare 1940s film performances to those of today, but it wasn’t difficult to identify Sean Penn’s depiction of Jimmy Markum in "Mystic River," a film based on the book written by Irish American Dennis Lehane, as one of the best.
In this Clint Eastwood-directed film, Penn, who has Irish roots on his mother’s side, electrifies in his gut-wrenching performance as a father seeking revenge on his daughter’s murderer.
The actor went on to win another much-deserved leading actor Oscar for 2008's "Milk."
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How much do you know about yourself? What things are important to you?
You know a lot about yourself. For example, you can answer the question, "What is your name?" You probably know your address, your age, and where you are from.
But can you say more about yourself? What things are important to you?
Values are beliefs that are important to you. Thinking about your values will help you answer the question "Who am I?" The better you know yourself, the easier it will be to find a career that matches your values and skills.
Look at the picture of the person below. Look at the values that are important to him. He is answering the question "Who am I?"
"Education is important to me. I want my children to get a good education."
"Honesty is important to me. I always try to tell the truth."
"I believe in hard work. I do not want to be lazy at my job."
"I want to make enough money to pay the bills and take care of my family."
"My culture is important to me."
"My family is important to me."
The exercise on the next page will help you answer the question What is Most Important to Me?
Copyright © 1999- iSeek Solutions


John All fell 70′ down into a crevasse in the Himalayas and survived. He then recorded a video diary of his slow, painful escape:
A couple years ago, Professor All answered the question, why does everyone climb Everest in May?
It comes down to snow, temperature, and wind. “Mount Everest protrudes into the stratosphere, and most of the year the summit is buffeted by winds of over 100 miles per hour that will kill a climber in minutes or even hurtle them into the void,” All told Popular Mechanics. “It is only during the onset or cession of the Asian Monsoon that these winds die down and allow climbers short seven- to 10-day windows to climb the mountain.”
The highest recorded wind speed at the summit was a 175 mph in February 2004. For reference, a Category 5 hurricane has sustained wind speeds of at least 157 mph. Throughout the winter, hurricane-force winds pummel the summit for three days out of four.
The two windows in which those wild winds die down happen in May and September. But snow falls during the September calm, so fresh snow drifts offset the break from the wind. That’s why so many people try the ascent in May, All says.


Hadith about the Dajjal
Abdullah Ibn 'Omar said, "'Omar Ibn al-Khattab went along with the Prophet and a group of people to Ibn Sayyad, and found him playing with some children near the battlement of Banu Maghalah. At that time Ibn Sayyad was on the threshold of adolescence; he did not realise that anybody was near until the Prophet struck him on the back. The Prophet said to him: 'Do you bear witness than I am the Messenger of Allah?' Ibn Sayyad looked at him and said, 'I bear witness that you are the Prophet of the unlettered.' Then Ibn Sayyad said to the Prophet, 'Do you bear witness that I am the Messenger of Allah? 'The Prophet dismissed this and said, 'I believe in Allah and His Messengers.' Then the Prophet asked him, 'What do you see?' Ibn Sayyad said, 'Sometimes a truthful person comes to me, and sometimes a liar.' The Prophet said to him, 'You are confused', then he said, 'I am hiding something from you.' Ibn Sayyad said, 'It is Dukh.' The Prophet said, 'Silence! You will not be able to go beyond your rank.' 'Omar Ibn al-Khattab said, 'O Messenger of Allah, shall I cut off his head?' The Prophet said, 'If he is (the Dajjal) you will not be able to overpower him, and if he is not, then killing will not do you any good.'"
Salim Ibn 'Abdullah said, "I heard 'Abdullah Ibn 'Omar say, 'After that, the Prophet and Ubayy Ibn Ka'b went along to the palm trees where Ibn Sayyad was. The Prophet started to hide behind a tree, with the intention of hearing something from Ibn Sayyad before Ibn Sayyad saw him. The Prophet saw him lying on a bed, murmuring beneath a blanket. Ibn Sayyad's mother saw the Prophet hiding behind a tree, and said to her son, "O Saf (Ibn Sayyad's first name), here is Mohammad!" Ibn Sayyad jumped up, and the Prophet said, "If you had left him alone, he would have explained himself.''
Salim said, "'Abdullah Ibn 'Omar said, The Prophet stood up to address the people. He praised Allah as He deserved to be praised, then he spoke about the Dajjal: 'I warn you against him; there is no Prophet who has not warned his people against him, even Noah warned his people against him. But I will tell you something which no other Prophet has told his people. You must know that the Dajjal is one-eyed, and Allah is not one-eyed.'"
Ibn Shihab said: "'Omar Ibn Thabit al-Ansari told me that some of the Companions of the Prophet told him that on the day when he warned the people about the Dajjal, the Prophet said: "There will be written between his eyes the word Kafir (unbeliever). Everyone who resents his bad deeds - or every believer- will be able to read it." He also said, "You must know that no one of you will be able to see his Lord until he dies.'" (Muslim, al-Bukhari). Ibn 'Omar said, "The Prophet mentioned the Dajjal to the people. He said, "Allah is not one-eyed, but the Dajjal is blind in his right eye, and his eye is like a floating grape.'" (Muslim) Anas Ibn Malik said, "The Prophet said, 'there has never been a Prophet who did not warn his people against that one-eyed liar. Verily he is one-eyed and your Lord is not one-eyed. On his forehead will be written the letter Kaf, Fa, Ra (Kafir).'" (Muslim, al-Bukhari)
Hudhayfah said, "The Prophet said, 'I know more about the powers which the Dajjal will have than he will know himself. He will have two flowing rivers: one will appear to be pure water, and the other will appear to be flaming fire. Whosoever lives to see that, let him choose the river which seems to be fire, then let him close his eyes, lower his head and drink from it, for it will be cold water. The Dajjal will be one-eyed; the place where one eye should be will be covered by a piece of skin. On his forehead will be written the word Kafir, and every believer, whether literate or illiterate, will be able to read it.'" (Muslim)
Abu Hurayrah said, "The Prophet said, 'Shall I tell you something about the Dajjal which no Prophet has ever told his people before me? The Dajjal is one-eyed and will bring with him something which will resemble Paradise and Hell; but that which he calls Paradise will in fact be Hell. I warn you against him as Noah warned his people against him.'" (al-Bukhari, Muslim)
Mohammad Ibn Munkadir said: "I saw Jabir Ibn 'Abdullah swearing by Allah that Ibn Sayyad was the Dajjal, so I asked him, 'Do you swear by Allah?' He said, 'I heard 'Omar swear to that effect in the presence of the Prophet, and the Prophet did not disapprove of it.'" Some 'ulama' (scholars) say that some of the Sahabah (Companions of the Prophet) believed Ibn Sayyad to be the greater Dajjal, but that is not the case: Ibn Sayyad was a lesser dajjal. Ibn Sayyad travelled between Makkah and Madina with Abu Sa'id, and complained to him about the way that people were saying that he was the Dajjal. Then he said to Abu Sa'id, "Did not the Prophet say that the Dajjal would not enter Madina? I was born there. Did not he say that he would not have any children? - I have children. Did not he say that he would be a Kafir? - I have embraced Islam. Of all the people, I know the most about him: I know where he is now. If I were given the opportunity to be in his place, I would not resent it.'" (al-Bukhari, Muslim)
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The telephone bug, pictured above, was responsible for siphoning the credit and debit card information of unwitting consumers from inside one of Australia’s biggest banks.
The meticulously handcrafted device, smaller than the palm of a hand, was pinned carefully to telephone cable that ran along the carpet floor of the bank's metropolitan branch office.
Two inconspicuous cuts were made in the wire to attach the bug. It would listen for keypad tones as unsuspecting customers keyed in their PIN numbers at the automatic teller.
Each tone woke the device from slumber, which it diligently broadcast over a handpicked radio frequency.
The attacker waited in the bank’s carpark and recorded the tones on a laptop. Each tone was then matched to a number, revealing the customer’s PIN.
Corresponding card information was also being copied and stored. The brazen attacker had swapped the terminal on the teller's desk with a skimming device that was capturing enough bank data for replica cards to be manufactured.
The thief needed only match the time signatures at which the card and PIN number were swiped to have unfettered access to potentially hundreds of accounts.
Navid Sobbi, the phone interception expert who busted the scam, held a professional respect for the effort put into the bug.
“It was a work of art,” Sobbi said. “It is one of the best made and tidy bugs I have come across.”
The device was fully sealed save for an exposed screw head which was used to tune the radio frequency over which the PIN numbers were broadcast.
A cleaner was found to have installed both the bug and the skimming device.
“It’s almost always the cleaners,” Sobbi said, speaking of the dozens of interception cases he has foiled this year. “They have the access and are the most vulnerable – they often stand to make a lot of cash and that’s tempting considering they might not be paid a lot.”
However, the bug wasn’t the most sophisticated Sobbi had encountered.
He had recently stumbled on a government military-grade interception device installed in the bedroom of a residential property. The device transmitted captured audio via microwave links and was instantly recognisable as a government plant.
It was deactivated, but Sobbi’s bug hunting kit was able to identify particular metallic components inside the device.
In another case, Sobbi took a call from a client concerned that an office had been wiretapped.
During the drive over, Sobbi was called by police to cease and desist: the client had phoned Sobbi to request the search within proximity of the bug. That tipped off police who soon after raided the premises.
“If you ever suspect a phone bug,” Sobbi said “don’t talk about it if you are within range.”
Though 20 percent of Sobbi's work involved searching for suspected bugs, this year he had also found several hidden cameras and keyloggers implanted on the backs of computers.
Lasers had in some cases been used to listen in on corporate meetings, a ploy ultimately foiled by a mock meeting Sobbi established to detect the location of the laser.
“With enough tweaking, even a whisper can be heard,” Sobbi said of the laser.
Most of Sobbi’s cases involved suspected espionage. His team of six within National Surveillance and Intelligence serviced big business like Australia’s mining giants, government agencies and law firms. The company regularly performed “bug sweeps” of conference rooms ahead of sensitive meetings.
Sobbi also ran forensic scans of mobile devices with the same equipment used by police.
This service was a favourite of lawyers, big business and individual clients who suspected foul play by staff and partners.
“When staff leave, companies often want to know if incriminating text messages or phone calls were sent," he said. "Husbands and wives also want to check out if their phone was tampered or tracking software had been installed.”
Copyright © SC Magazine, Australia
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“The people in our town, they died without ever seeing the ocean.”
Strange words to hear on an island. They are spoken by an 80-year-old woman we have met at a bus stop just after arriving at the port of Akadomari on Sado Island. She has the signature stoop of many elderly rice farmers after decades of constantly bending over, her torso leaning from her waist at a 90-degree angle even when she stands. But she seems vigorous for her age and, as she talks, it’s clear her mind is still sharp.
The town she speaks of is Hamochi, tucked away in the mountains. “My ancestors labored in the fields there for many generations,” she explains. “We didn’t have cars back then and at the end of a hard day, we never had any reason to walk the several kilometers to the sea.”
It seems unimaginable that someone could live surrounded by the ocean and never set eyes on it, though Sado is a very big island covering some 855 sq. km. Administratively part of Niigata Prefecture, off whose northern coast it sits amid the chilly waters of the Sea of Japan, it is the sixth largest island in Japan, following the main island of Okinawa.
As we board the bus, the woman tells us to keep our eyes out for toki (Crested Ibis), which apparently perch in the trees around her town. With a white body around 76 cm long, a white crest, red feet and face, and a long narrow beak, this bird — once common in Japan, Korea, China and parts of Russia — was nearly driven to extinction by hunting and pollution of its habitats. It vanished completely from Japan after the last five in the country, which lived on Sado, were captured for a failed breeding program that ended in their deaths. However, the world’s last seven wild specimens — found in China’s Shaanxi province in 1981 — have since multiplied into hundreds due to protection initiatives, and dozens have been given to Japan and reintroduced to Sado. With strict regulations on pesticides and chemical fertilizers, the island is now home to a second-generation population.
Though we don’t spot a toki, the ride offers a good introduction to Sado’s coastal scenery. Lush trees just spill down the mountains to our right, with the ocean stretching out endlessly on the left, and in every town we pass through the houses are all traditional wooden ones with clay-tile roofs — there’s not a Western-style building anywhere.
After saying farewell to the women as she gets off, we arrive at a beach called Sobama where we spend the rest of the day snorkeling and the night in our tents. Next morning, we catch the bus for Sado’s ancient gold and silver mine — Kinzan. On the way, I spot a toki perched in a tree and alert my companions with a shout of excitement, but by the time they look our bus has pulled us out of sight. The glimpse was fleeting, but there’s something rewarding about seeing such a rare creature brought back from the brink.
Soon we arrive at Kinzan, a forested mountain near the west coast. Mining began here in 1601, just before the first Tokugawa Shogun seized the reins of power his dynasty would retain through the feudal Edo Period (1603–1867). Throughout that time, Kinzan’s bounty financed the regime, with rice and gold coins (many minted on Sado) serving as the two types of currency. Operations only stopped in 1989, when the mineral veins finally ran out, but since then two shafts have been converted into a museum.
The first is the Sodayu Tunnel, a relic of the Edo Period. Descending a stairwell through a dark passage into the belly of the mountain, the temperature drops 10 degrees. Wooden beams prop up the walls and ceilings to stop cave-ins just as when the mine was in use and women and children were among the workforce. Through the lantern-lit gloom, we pass many placards explaining historical facts, as well as displays where humanoid robots reenact the grueling labor of the pre-industrial era when everything had to be done by hand: hewing tunnels through solid rock with hammers and chisels; pumping in air to prevent suffocation; and draining the steady accumulation of spring water on alternating 24-hour shifts. Here and there, too, are tanuki-ana (racoon-dog holes), frightfully narrow crawl tunnels dug to search for new veins.
Although the pay was good, life spans were short and the work was so disliked that unregistered denizens of distant Edo (present-day Tokyo) were sometimes rounded up and hauled off there.
The other tunnel, named Doyu dates from the Meiji Era (1868-1912), when mining began anew under Mitsubishi’s management using modern technologies. Rails for electric trolleys that once carried rock and ore run along the floors, with red and green traffic signals in place here and there. At the end, we climb a hill outside to view the peak of Kinzan, which has been split right open into a gaping crater. Oh, the power of our species!
Next, we hitchhike to nearby Aikawa, an old town that flourished during the mining era, to visit Sado Hangamura Art Museum. Housed in a grand building used as a courthouse in the Meiji Era, this hosts fine displays of hanga (woodblock prints) carved mainly by residents of the island. These exquisite works depict an array of Sado’s icons — taiko drums, noh theater, Shinto rituals, toki, Kinzan and barrel-boating — giving us a great taste of the local culture in art form.
And here comes the turning point for our trip. As we swim near our new campsite in the bay of Sawata, a strange local man engages us in conversation. Looking to be in his 60s, he is in good shape and has a rich tan. We think him a bit odd at first, but still we’re delighted when he strolls into our campsite at 8 o’clock the next morning and offers to give us a tour.
It turns out he is a retired clothing designer turned painter by the name of Hiroshi Kominamidate. Apparently, he has been awake since 4 a.m., painting and drinking beer, so he will be unable to drive — though he’ll show us some must-see spots if one of us will take the wheel.
We head north along the west coast, stopping periodically at shops where our guide gets cans of beer, which he chugs down with relish one after the other while chatting about his younger days.
Our first stop is at a cave where Hiroshi says that Nichiren, founder of the Nichiren Sect of Buddhism, performed ascetic practices when he was exiled on Sado, which served for centuries as a place of banishment for inconvenient political rivals. Inside, water drips from the ceiling to pool on the stone floor, while deeper in a colony of bats huddle together in a clump, shrieking faintly. The perfect place to seek enlightenment, I’d say.
As we take pictures, a farmer woman working in the adjacent rice field comes over and offers to show us another cave that our guide was unaware of. In the dim
cavern are shallow ponds where she tells us to wash our eyes as the water has magical properties that improve vision. We enter and splash the water in our eyes as instructed. My vision is 20/20, but I thought it couldn’t hurt.
Driving further along the coast, we pass many striking rock formations and drink fresh mountain water at Seisuiji Temple before stopping at a sandy beach facing two massive offshore outcrops named for what the’re said to resemble, Futatsugame (which means “two turtles”). The water is crystal clear and we spend two hours snorkeling.
Afterward, we drive high into the mountains to Sado-Yahiko-Yoneyama Quasi-National Park for a brief walk through an ancient pine forest shrouded in milky fog. “The forest is fed by the mist,” Hiroshi explains, and proceeds to pick us some raspberries.
Finally, we stop off briefly at our guide’s house to see his paintings — most of them female nudes. After he kindly lets us pick two each as souvenirs, we waste no time getting back in the car and speeding to the ferry, which we board with only minutes to spare.
Though we were grateful for the chance to cover as much ground as we did on our three-day trip, I felt like we hardly scratched the surface. Perhaps it takes a lifetime to really appreciate such a profound place as Sado Island. Certainly, our fleeting impressions will never compare with the experiences of those who never needed to see the ocean.
Sado Island can be reached by ferry from Teradomari, by ferry or jetfoil from Naoetsu, and by ferry, jetfoil or plane from Niigata City, all in Niigata Prefecture. English sightseeing information is available at www.mijintl.com.


In This Issue:
- Chapter 1 Choice Of A Business Entity
- Chapter 2 Introduction To Federal Securities Laws
- Chapter 3 From Let’S Go Shopping To Closing: U.S. M&A Process
- Chapter 4 Employment Considerations
- Chapter 5 Equity Incentives For U.S. Employees
- Chapter 6 U.S. Immigration Law
- Chapter 7 U.S. International Trade And Investment
- Chapter 8 Commercial Real Estate Transactions
- Chapter 9 Intellectual Property
- Chapter 10 Energy Regulation In The United States
- Chapter 11 Clean Technology In The United States
- Chapter 12 Environmental Law
- Chapter 13 Taxation In The United States
- Chapter 14 Litigation And Other Dispute Resolution Mechanisms
- Chapter 15 Products Liability
- Chapter 16 Insurance
- Excerpt from Choice of a Business Entity:
An important question that a non-U.S. business faces before doing business in the United States is the selection of an optimal business structure. Selecting the best type of entity helps maximize the chances of financial and operational success.
There are four main types of business entities in the United States, namely: corporations, limited liability companies (LLCs), partnerships and sole proprietorships (a form used exclusively by natural persons). A non-U.S. investor may choose among any of them, but in most cases the corporation is preferred and recommended. The non-U.S. investor may also join forces with one or more other businesses to create a joint venture, which can take the form of a corporation, a partnership or a limited liability company. Finally, a non-U.S. investor may conduct business in the United States through a branch.
This chapter provides a brief introduction of each type of business structure and discussion of the factors to consider in choosing a business structure and the mechanics of organization for each structure.
Please see full guide below for more information.


Recently, in Boudreau v. Bank of Montreal, the Ontario Court of Appeal upheld a motion dismissing a lawsuit against Bank of Montreal (BMO), Rogers Communications Inc. (Rogers), and Umbro Inc. (Umbro).
BMO, Rogers and Umbro were corporate sponsors of a soccer event organized by the Ontario Soccer Association (OSA). Boudreau was a player who sustained injuries during game play and was unfortunately rendered a paraplegic as a result of his injuries. Boudreau sued not only the OSA but also the corporate sponsors claiming that: the OSA carried inadequate accident insurance for the soccer players; that it was foreseeable to the corporate sponsors that a player would get hurt; and that the corporate sponsors had a legal duty to the appellant to inquire into the adequacy of insurance coverage for the players or, if they did inquire, to ensure that adequate insurance coverage was available.
The court held that corporate sponsors who provide financial support to a sporting event should not be held liable in the event that a participant gets injured by participating in the event. Corporate sponsors have little to no control over the organization or the management of such events or the participants or attendees thereof. As a result, the court found in this case that there was insufficient proximity between corporate sponsors and individual participants to give rise to a duty of care owed by the sponsors to the plaintiff.
This article by Canadian Lawyer Magazine discusses the issue in greater detail and provides some good insight for corporations who enter into sponsorship agreements of sporting and similar events.


The Magic of Kol Nidre: A Yom Kippur Story by Bruce H. Siegel, Illustrations by Shelly O. Haas; (Kar-Ben Copies, 1998, paperback $6.95, ages 5 to 10).
Have you ever looked at a painting for a long time, discovering that its details only unveil themselves after long meditation? You wonder how you could miss so much at first glance.
Cantor Bruce H. Siegel has written a story about the Kol Nidre service that will reveal a new truth about prayer to both children and adults who have watched the rays of the sun filter through the stained glass windows of the synagogue for many years and wondered why.
The story weaves lyrically through several generations. The child sits playing with the fringes of his grandfather's tallit (prayer shawl). And the same rays of the sun shine on him years later as he cradles his own young infant in his arms waiting for the prayers to begin.
In itself, this generational image is magic, illuminating in story form what is hard to preach to children about: someday the child will be the parent, and the task of explaining the ineffable will rest on his shoulders.
Through the warm and mellow light that filters through the synagogue's stained-glass windows in tones of gold, rose and blue, artist Shelly Haas creates the hush of the synagogue, the continuity of the generations, the sacredness of prayer and God's love.
"I look at the people milling around the sanctuary and know that finally I understand the magic of Kol Nidre," says the father. "All these years, the answer was around me and I didn't see it." Does he share it with his son? No, and this is another lesson to be gleaned from the story. Some things children must discover for themselves.
Read this Yom Kippur story and learn whether you have lingered long enough over the meaning of the synagogue. Discover too, the magic explanation for the thrice-recited Kol Nidre prayer.


Jewish World Review Oct. 19, 1999 /9 Mar-Cheshvan, 5760
A belief in population control is one of those unexamined tenets that liberals tout not because it is true but because they think it should be true. The solution to the problem of poverty is to give people welfare checks and raise the minimum wage. The answer to violent crime is to ban handguns. The response to teeming millions of impoverished people in foreign countries is to practice birth control and bring their numbers down to manageable levels.
But the danger of the Earth's peoples multiplying into starvation or ecological disaster, which modern Malthusians have been warning about for 50 years, has not only failed to materialize, the exact opposite has happened, instead. Despite an expanding population, Earth is experiencing a food glut.
Even China has a problem with obesity. As Stephen Moore explained in the National Review: "Global food prices have fallen by half since 1950, even as population has doubled. ... Enough food is now grown in the world to provide each resident of the planet with almost 4 pounds of food per day."
Aren't there still famines in Africa and elsewhere? Yes. But as human rights groups attest, famines are no longer the result of natural disaster, but instead the purposeful acts of malign governments. Recent famines in Ethiopia and Sudan were engineered by governments to punish rebellious subjects.
But for the vast majority of the world's people, population increases have gone hand in hand with improvements in living standards. And, just as free market thinkers have been predicting all along, as nations get richer, their rate of population growth naturally slows. Wealth is a far better contraceptive than the condom.
What about space? Isn't the planet getting overpopulated? Well, it may seem that your vacation spot or commuter route to work is overpopulated, but the Earth is not likely to run out of space for the numbers of people that even the most alarmist population controllers project. Moore points out that if all 6 billion of Earth's residents had to squeeze into the state of Texas, there would be enough room for each family of four to have a house and one-eighth of an acre of land. The rest of the globe would be empty.
In point of fact, many of the developed nations of the world are experiencing what Ben Wattenberg calls the "birth dearth." In Japan, for example, population is slowing to such a marked degree that the nation will soon face a severe crisis in caring for an aging population. We, also, are concerned that we will soon have too few young workers contributing to the Social Security tax and too many elderly people collecting benefits. That is the topic our politicians are working so hard to avoid facing.
But population control has been in the saddle for several decades now, and many people continue to equate it with responsibility -- this despite the gruesome crimes that have been committed, particularly by China but also by other nations, in its name.
In China, the one-child-per-family policy has resulted in the exposure and infanticide of an estimated 10 million to 20 million female babies. Ninety percent of the children in Chinese orphanages are female, many abandoned, left to die essentially so that the parents can try again for a son. The government also enforces its one-child policy by forcing women who get pregnant without permission to undergo forced abortions -- even into the ninth month of pregnancy.
China has created a new society: one without brothers, sisters, aunts or uncles. And millions of young Chinese males will never marry or have (one) child of their own because there aren't enough women to go around.
It was all so tragically unnecessary. The birth rate in developing countries follows a predictable downward path as wealth increases. Since 1950, the birth rate in the Third World has halved, from six children per family to three, and it is continuing to fall.
The little girl in Sarajevo poses no threat. We have abundant food. There
are medicines to keep us healthy. And there is plenty of room to spare on


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Jogos de matematica
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Answer the 20 math question in the shortest time possible. Without using a calculator.
It is time for the math exam. You will have just 1 minute to answer as many questions as possible.
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A sharp decline in the circulation of the Nazi press in Germany is reported from Berlin. Emphasis is revealed that even the Voelkischer Beobachter, official organ of the Nazi Party, is losing thousands of readers.
This decline comes as no surprise. The entire press in Germany today is nothing but one official organ of the Ministry of Propaganda. There is little difference between one paper and another. They are all dictated to by the same Dr. Goebbels.
Under these circumstances, it is no wonder that the Berliner Tageblatt, once the most popular newspaper in Europe, now has a circulation much less than the circulation of the Juedische Rundschau, a Jewish newspaper appearing in Berlin. The Vossische Zeitung, another much-read German daily, was compelled to liquidate altogether. Even Der Angriff, the paper published by Dr. Goebbels, was about to be liquidated because of the lack of readers.
THE ANGRIFF SEEKS JEWS
It sounds like a myth, but it is an actual fact, that it is due to the Jews that Der Angriff still appears. Seeing that the circulation of his paper had dwindled down from 70,000 to 8,000, Dr. Goebbels came to the conclusion that the paper could be saved only if Jews were to become interested in reading it.
Reaching this conclusion, Goebbels decided on a plan to send one of his best reporters to Palestine and to advertise that his observations would soon begin to appear in the Angriff.
With the huge interest which Jews now show in migration to Palestine, Goebbels was certain that the circulation of his paper would definitely rise as soon as the first articles on Palestine were published. As a result, of this, Der Angriff started its famous series of articles, “A Nazi Goes to Palestine.”
Two weeks before the first article appeared, much advertising was done by Goebbels to attract attention of Jewish readers. Special placards in the form of a huge Mogen Dovid were posted all over Germany. Thousands of young Nazis distributed in the streets of Berlin imitation coins containing the inscription: “A Nazi Goes to Palestine and Will Tell His Impressions in Der Angriff.” A maximum of publicity was given to the articles prior to their appearance.
FROM 8,000 TO 65,000
The articles began to appear, and strangely enough, they seemed to be very sympathetic to Jewish achievements in Palestine. The Jews in Germany began to read them with the greatest of interest. The non-Jews in Germany also seemed to become interested in them.
To make the story short: within the two weeks Der Angriff published the series the circulation of the paper leaped from 8,000 to 65,000. Now it has reached a quarter of a million. The paper, which was to be defunct, is now safe.
But not every paper in Germany can obtain the privilege ### praising Jewish achievements, which was given Der Angriff.
What Dr. Goebbels permits in his own paper he will not allo## in the other newspapers. The sharp drop in the circulation o# the general press is therefore not surprising. No reader, not even a Nazi member, likes to read newspapers which conta## only propaganda and give n## news.


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"Turbulence: Remixes + Bonus Beats"
by Eduardo Navas;
translated by Lucrezia Cippitelli, Francesca De Nicolò, Raquel Herrera, Brenda Banda Corona & Ignacio Nieto.
Turbulence is also part of the history of remix culture. Generally speaking, remix culture can be defined as the global activity consisting of the creative and efficient exchange of information made possible by digital technologies that is supported by the practice of cut/copy and paste. >>>
"Narrating with New Media: What Happened with What has Happened?"
by Belén Gache
Translated from the Spanish by Raquel Herrera
Edited by Jo-Anne Green, Helen Thorington and Eduardo Navas
on narrative structures, ideologies and strategies
There has been much talk about the relations between printed books, modernity and metaphysics; and about the relation between new writing applications and philosophical schools such as poststructuralism and deconstruction. The fact is that electronic writing applications involve a new way of writing and narrating, a new grammar and a new semiotics. >>>
Digital Event 2007
Por Jorge Marulanda
The appearance of the term "NetArt" (Vuc Cosic, 1995) paves the way for art that undertake processes which function only in the net and whose topic is the net. This fact turns the device into an exploration camp, in which artistic action must achieve a globalized expression, must work in an environment based on freedom of access and where user intervention becomes categorical. >>>
Artistas Latinos Making Global Art
Por Laura Baigorri
Hasta ahora las artes plásticas y audiovisuales han catalogado un arte latino que desarrolla una conciencia social autóctona y también existe un mercado de arte latino, con unos canales de difusión y una dependencia económica específica. Pero el arte latino no tiene sentido en la red, un entorno concebido como el paraíso del no-lugar, la compartición, la dilución, el canibalismo, la contaminación y el equívoco. >>>


One of the coolest styles of the past fall season was punk. With tattoos, piercings, body modification and colorful, messy hair, punk style was back on the mainstream circuit. Once again, the upper echelon of the fashion industry took inspiration from the common and stylish consumer. Punk has gone from street to chic. Last fall season, punk-influenced styles were seen all over the runways from Versace to Chanel.
Often when people think of punk they envision a certain kind of person wearing the style. The hardcore, fierce style is often associated with the lower class, angst ridden teenagers and most notably Caucasians. Society has a way of putting people into genres, boxes of expectations and limitations. When it comes to style, especially punk style, the ideas imposed on people by society are meant to be shattered. If style is a form of self-expression, then punk is arguably one of the most expressive styles there is – not meant to be restricted to one race or class.
If this is the case, then why is it unexpected or sometimes shocking to see an African-American embrace the punk lifestyle, fashion and music?
The origin of punk is usually attributed to Britain and New York in the mid-1970s and throughout the 1980s. Punk enthusiasts were against the excess of glam rock. They were fans of punk bands, wore “do it yourself” styles and railed against the “establishment” or the popular ideas about their generation.
Today, young African-Americans are given a handful of style options by society and expected to be a fan of specific genres: hip-hop, R&B, pop, baggy jeans, long weaves, graffiti leggings, oversized t-shirts, stilettos and so on. African-Americans are often put into boxes like “urban” or “hood.” Wearing the punk style is a way of saying “No, I’m not who you expect or want me to be – I define who I am and how to express myself.”
One movement that has helped drive this attitude is Afro-punk. Afro-punk is a movement that encourages and accepts African Americans and other people of color that are involved in the punk scene. It is a movement that has grown since the early 2000s into an entire subculture.
Afro-punk is not a new movement – it has grown into an entire subculture. The punk style itself has been around for decades, but what is new is the idea that punk style can be embraced by anyone. Maybe punk being mainstream again will make it less “shocking” to see an African-American rocking a Mohawk and combat boots? Or maybe we still have a long way to go before style truly becomes a form of self-expression.
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After marriage and a move to Pacific Grove, he published two California books, The Pastures of Heaven (1932) and To a God Unknown (1933), and worked on short stories later collected in The Long Valley (1938). Popular success and financial security came only with Tortilla Flat (1935), stories about Monterey’s paisanos. A ceaseless experimenter throughout his career, Steinbeck changed courses regularly. Three powerful novels of the late 1930s focused on the California laboring class: In Dubious Battle (1936), Of Mice and Men (1937), and the book considered by many his finest, The Grapes of Wrath (1939). The Grapes of Wrath won both the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize in 1939.
Early in the 1940s, Steinbeck became a filmmaker with The Forgotten Village (1941) and a serious student of marine biology with Sea of Cortez (1941). He devoted his services to the war, writing Bombs Away (1942) and the controversial play-novelette The Moon is Down (1942). Cannery Row (1945), The Wayward Bus (1948), another experimental drama, Burning Bright (1950), and The Log from the Sea of Cortez (1951) preceded publication of the monumental East of Eden (1952), an ambitious saga of the Salinas Valley and his own family’s history.
The last decades of his life were spent in New York City and Sag Harbor with his third wife, with whom he traveled widely. Later books include Sweet Thursday (1954), The Short Reign of Pippin IV: A Fabrication (1957), Once There Was a War (1958), The Winter of Our Discontent (1961), Travels with Charley in Search of America (1962), America and Americans (1966), and the posthumously published Journal of a Novel: The East of Eden Letters (1969), Viva Zapata! (1975), The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights (1976), and Working Days: The Journals of The Grapes of Wrath (1989).
Steinbeck received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1962, and, in 1964, he was presented with the United States Medal of Freedom by President Lyndon B. Johnson. Steinbeck died in New York in 1968. Today, more than thirty years after his death, he remains one of America's greatest writers and cultural figures.
Pascal Covici, Jr., son of John Steinbeck's long-time editor and friend at The Viking Press, received his Ph.D. from Harvard and taught at Southern Methodist University.
Susan Shillinglaw is director of the Center for Steinbeck Studies at San Jose State University.


International students can compete in a variety of funding schemes.
For candidates wishing to study the MSc International Animal Welfare, Ethics and Law programme offered by the University of Edinburgh.
A number of PhD Studentships are available for programmes in cardiovascular science sponsored by the British Heart Foundation at the University.
The Foundation offers three-year grants to PhD students in medicine whose subject is relevant to the field of occupational and environmental health.
Five part-scholarships available to students applying to study the MSc One Health programme.
The University of Edinburgh will offer one Master's scholarship for the MSc in Surgical Sciences distance learning Master's programme offered by the University.
The School of Biomedical Sciences will offer a number of Master's scholarships for the 2014-2015 academic session. Each will have a value of £5,000 and will be tenable for one academic year.
This scholarship is awarded to an undergraduate or postgraduate student from the Czech Republic, Poland, Russia and Slovakia.
The scholarship enables medical scientists at the outset of their careers to undertake a period of further study or research at the University’s Medical School and return to Poland.
The College offers studentships with several of their Research Centres.
This article was published on Nov 3, 2013


In a peculiar way there is a possibility that this article may offend, in equal measure, both the teaching profession and the parental body. I make no apologies if this is the case.
I believe we (in education) should treat parents as customers and that we have an obligation to manage parents in order to meet their needs. In what remains of this piece I will endeavour to explain how these two seemingly conflicting concepts actually converge to enhance the service we provide.
For me treating parents as customers is no metaphor. We are involved in the delivery of a public service. The notion of service in this sense corresponds to the “obligation” or “duty” which underpins what it is to be a professional. Of course the question arises from this analysis is whom do we actually serve? – society; government; children; parents; ourselves or a higher calling of our own choosing? The reality here is immensely complex, and persuasive cases could made for every group, but I actually think such a question leads us down the wrong road – for trying to define service in terms of who is the “master” falls into the trap of seeing professional service as being confined within a power/subservience model. Such a perception explains why so many in the teaching profession have real problems with seeing parents as customers.
In recent correspondence with parents and teachers on this matter it has become apparent that many teachers equate treating parents as customers as giving way to their slightest whim, no matter how unreasonable, as characterised by “The customer is always right”. Such a conception reinforces the chilling and daunting prospect of parents forcing their way into classrooms to confront teachers who haven’t, in their opinion, met their needs as customers. Such a scenario is not an imaginary construct, nor an idle fear – but whatever else it might be – it is not “customer service”.
And so it was helpful to receive a parental response, which proffered an alternative to the “customer is always right” with “The customer’s perception is always valid”. Rather than going off on a tangent to explore the psychology of such an approach it might be more helpful to refer to our own Scottish Bard Robbie Burns, who called upon us to “see oorsels as ithers see us”. In his own unique way Burns captures the essence of customer service, i.e. trying to see things from the customer’s point of view. Yet so often in education we consider situations from our own singular perspective, or what might better be described as “inward facing”, as opposed to “outward facing”.
It is within such an outward facing service that the idea of managing the parent as a customer comes into true effect. For parents have had no training in their role as parents, they have probably been much better prepared to drive their car, than they have been to be a parent, and certainly not a parent who then has to interface with the education system – which can seem unwelcoming, confusing and bureaucratic. It’s into this schizophrenic world that we then introduce the the fact that many schools don’t like the idea of treating parents as customers, yet don’t want to manage them for fear of accusations of manipulation. The outcome being that we circle each other uneasily hoping that we can avoid conflict.
Yet I would contend that parents do want to be managed – they don’t want to have more power over teachers (nor teachers to have power over them) but they do want a relationship that is built upon trust and mutual responsibility.
Being a parent is a journey, a journey where they come into contact with the people who educate their children at relatively infrequent intervals. Regardless of policies, plans, mission statements, aims or objectives it’s these “touchpoints” or “moments of truth” which really characterise a school for a parent. Everything we do should therefore be underpinned by an obsessive attention to detail. Yet the reality is that we too often leave these touchpoints to chance and fail to manage them properly, thereby alienating and disaffecting some or all of our parent body.
I would argue that the interface between education and parents is far too important to be left to chance. Yet where schools do accept their responsibility to manage their parents as customers the return and positive impact upon the education of children and the well-being of the entire community has to be seen to be believed.


There are some books you always remember for the way in which they opened your eyes to the world around you. They might have stripped away your innocence in the process, but they also reassured you that no matter how bad things could get, there were always some people doing their best to bring some balance to the world. The first book I remember providing me with that experience was Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird. Its harsh depiction of the American South in the 1930s of hatred and racism were mitigated by the simple beauty of the coming of age story it told. It’s one of those books you can still read today and find it as relevant as when it was first published in 1960.If anyone had any doubts about the durability of Lee’s book and the theme’s it expresses, you need look no further than the film Broken which was recently released on DVD from Film Movement. Transferred from the American South to suburban England and from the 1930s setting of the original to the present day, Broken uses much the same form and structure of “Mockingbird”. Both feature a single father lawyer raising two children with the help of a live in nanny, and the eleven year old girl, Skunk, (Eloise Laurence) being the main character whose eyes we see the world through.
However, while wrongful accusations of sexual misconduct do play a significant role in propelling the movie’s story as it did in the book, the themes the movie explores are quite different from those the book deals with. The movie is also far more complex than the original story and nothing is as cut and dried as we’d like it to be or as first impressions might lead us to believe. As the movie progresses and our understanding of the characters involved increases we begin to understand, as Skunk does, there’s a lot more to people than what meets the eye. Actions, which taken out of context might seem senseless, while still not completely rational or normal, are at least explainable.
Skunk and her family, her father Archie (Tim Roth) brother Jed and au pair Kasia live on a cul de sac in North London with two other families, the Oswalds and the Buckleys. The Buckley’s son Rick (Robert Emms) suffers from some undisclosed mental illness. Unlike the other two families, who are obviously professional class, the Oswalds, father Bob (Rory Kinnear) and his three daughters are at first glance, for lack of a better word, white trash.
The movie opens with Skunk witnessing what seems like a completely unprovoked brutal attack on Rick by Bob. Skunk is standing in the middle of the road talking to Rick about washing his father’s car, when we see Bob come storming out of his house ripping his shirt and tie off. While completely focused on his target he greets Skunk as he passes her and then proceeds to beat Rick up. The next thing Skunk sees is Rick being taken away by the police. What Skunk doesn’t know is what led up to the events.Bob’s fourteen year old middle daughter has been playing with a condom she’d stolen from her eldest sister’s purse. Knowing her father would be furious with her for having a condom, and not wanting to get her sister in trouble either, when he discovers the wrapper in her room she claims Rick used it when he had sex with her. The recently divorced and overly protective Bob goes ballistic, beats up Rick and then phones the police to charge him with having sex with a minor. When it’s discovered the girl is still a virgin the charges against Rick are dropped, but his imprisonment results in him regressing and ending up having to be institutionalized.
Against this background Skunk is also having to negotiate the tricky business of heading into her first year of the British equivalent of secondary school and her first boyfriend, Dillard. She also has to experience watching somebody whose she’s come to think of as a permanent fixture in her life walk out as her au pair breaks up with her long standing boy friend Mike (Cillian Murphy). However, the fear and unease she feels about her first day of school is somewhat mitigated when she discovers Mike is one of her teachers. Unfortunately she also runs afoul of an extortion ring run by Osbourne’s youngest and eldest daughters, the consequences of which send shockwaves through her entire community.
Like the book it is freely based on, Broken is a deceptively simple sounding story. On the surface it can be seen as a coming of age of story in which the scales of innocence begin to fall from the eyes of a young girl. Yet the title itself is also a key to understanding the actions of the film’s characters as we gradually realize how most of their behaviour is dictated by how they’ve been broken by life and circumstances. All the events of the film occur because of a character’s fear based on their life experiences which have left them damaged in some way. Those who initially come across as unsympathetic are revealed to be just as damaged as those who we feel sorry for in the beginning.
What makes this work so well is the universal excellence of the performances. Laurence, who had never acted prior to appearing in this role, is brilliant as Skunk. Her reactions to everything she sees are letter perfect and she comes across as one of the most real children I’ve ever seen on screen. Gawky, slightly geeky, but excited by life, she does a magnificent job of depicting the child turning into an adult. She manages to bring to life both the anger and fear she feels at the adult world she doesn’t understand and her excitement at entering this new world and all the while retaining the enthusiasm and naivety of the child she still is.
As her father Archie, Roth gives one of his most understated and powerful performances. Normally an actor we associate with a variety of twitches and near neurotic behaviour, here he delivers a beautiful and powerful portrait of a devoted father whose life revolves around his children. When his wife abandoned him with two children he obviously poured all his love into them, and shut himself off from feeling anything for anybody else. It comes as a complete surprise to him when he discovers he can actually have feelings for someone other than his kids. However, he doesn’t realize the impact beginning a relationship with his children’s au pair will have on Skunk. He doesn’t realize how much she fears it might end up result in another person leaving her.
One of the best performances in the film comes from Kinnear as Bob Osborne. Over the course of the film our image of him as a violent bully gradually evolves into a man desperate to protect his family from a world he’s seen fuck him over totally. Unlike his neighbour Archie who is able to demonstrate his love for his children through affection, Osborne, can only use his anger as a shield to protect them. When they are threatened or hurt he lashes out uncaring of the consequences following his instinct to keep them safe in only way he knows how. Kinnear does an amazing job of bringing all the different facets of this deeply troubled and broken man to life. We might not like his behaviour, but we can’t help but be sympathetic to the the depth of his passion and the very real love he feels for his children.
Broken is one of those wonderful movies that come along only once in a while. Not only is it beautifully written and acted it’s a multilayered story which works on a number of levels. We see the world from the perspective of children trying to make their way in a strange and sometimes confusing adult world and from that of the adults trying to understand what their children are going through. While there are moments of heartbreak and sporadic violence throughout the film, overall it is also a beautiful story of compassion and love. You might not see a better or more well-acted movie this year.Broken is available on DVD, Blu-Ray and for download here.


Clifford Henry Harris, 16, was born in Southampton, Hampshire, England around 1895 1. He was the son of Wallace Mortimer Harris (1861-1933) and Hendreker Christina Squire (1866-1940).
His father, a mariner, was born in the West Indies to English parents and his mother was born in Poplar, London; the couple were married in Southampton in 1887.
Clifford was one of ten children, his known siblings being: Wallace (b. 1887), Ethel Blanche (b. 1888), Georgina Hendreker (b. 1889), Eliza (b. 1891), Charles William (b. 1893), Joseph (b. 1898), Christina Hendreker w. (b. 1899) and Edward (b. 1903).
Clifford first appears on the 1901 census when he and his family were living at 14 Drummond (?) Road, Sholing, Southampton, his seafaring father being absent. When the 1911 census was taken, his family were residing at 14 Short Street, St Mary, Southampton. Clifford was recorded elsewhere as a Page Boy at a boarding house, address Solen Cliffs, Cliff Cottage Road, Bournemouth. He would go to sea shortly after.
When he signed-on to the Titanic, on 6 April 1912, he gave his address as 14 Short Street, (Southampton). His last ship had been the Asturias. As a bell boy he received monthly wages of £2. Also serving aboard Titanic was his brother Charles, as a saloon steward in second class.
Quartermaster Sydney Humphreys reported that during the sinking the bellboys were herded to their regular posts in the main cabin entry and taken in charge by a leading steward and ordered to remain there so as they did not get in the way. Humphreys said that the boys waited patiently around before they were released and later saw them smoking and joking with passengers.
Both Clifford and his brother died in the sinking. Their bodies, if recovered, were never identified. The following death notice appeared in the Hampshire Advertiser (27 April 1912):
HARRIS--On the 15th inst, at sea on s.s. Titanic, Charles William, aged 19, and Clifford Henry, aged 16, the sons of Wallace and Christina Harris, of 14, Short Street, Chapel Road, Southampton.
- His birth appears to have not been registered
References and Sources
Agreement and Account of Crew (PRO London, BT100/259)
Gavin Bell, UK


Welcome to the Evidence-Based Policy website! This website is part of a joint initiative of the National Association of State Directors of Developmental Disabilities Services and the Association of University Centers on Disabilities.
The Evidence-Based Policy Initiative is intended to maximize the extent to which sound research is integrated into policy and program decisions that affect the independence, inclusion, productivity, self-determination, health and well-being of individuals with developmental disabilities. We are pleased to have you visit this website.
Evidence: 1. "The data on which a conclusion or judgment may be made <glacial evidence of climatic change>.”
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Can lack of oxygen cause wet macular degeneration? I had maxillofacial surgery and went into respiratory failure. I was kept on a ventilator for about two weeks and in a drug-induced coma. Since that time I had the vision loss.
There are many factors that can contribute to the development or worsening of macular degeneration. Lack of oxygen could cause loss of vision due to effects on the retina, choroid or optic nerve. However it would be unlikely to cause macular degeneration. A thorough eye and retina exam by an Eye M.D. should help to clarify the loss of vision and the presence or absence of macular degeneration.
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Categories: Eye Diseases
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Answered: Aug 28, 2012
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Interesting Apple security news is being reported today. Apparently some Apple devices have been hijacked via Apple's "Find My iPhone" feature. How? Likely via poorly defended iCloud accounts, i.e., iCloud accounts with weak passwords.
Once you have access to iCloud, you have access to the Find My iPhone's "Lost Mode", which can be used to lock associated devices and send messages such as "Reward if found! Call this number."
Or then it could be an extortion attempt.
Here's an example from a German colleague's iPhone:
According to the sources linked above, "Oleg Pliss" is demanding money to a PayPal account. If the iPhone user has a passcode, they can unlock their device. If they don't have a passcode set… then they have a problem.
It's also worth mentioning the Find My iPhone feature includes a "Delete" option. Besides extortion, your iPhone can also be burned. And remember too that iCloud provides access to contacts and calendars.
So… besides enabling a passcode, you should also be using a strong and unique password for your Apple/iCloud/iTunes account. Sure, it will be annoying to input when you want to buy an app — but that's the price you'll need to pay.


Fair Spring Nursery has an Aronia orchard. After a few years growth, fruit production is just now begining and we have made some excellent dishes: ice cream, wine, apple/aronia crisp, juice, tea, jelly, and a favorite, aronia chutney. We are members of the Mid-Atlantic Aronia Growers Association.
Nature’s super fruit is Aronia
The juice is nature’s highest in antioxidants (anthocyanins), this and because it tastes so good is why aronia is getting the buzz in health food circles. A popular drink in Eastern Europe, Aronia is native to our area, but new to most of our taste buds. Aronia orchards are developing around here thanks especially to the efforts of Dr. Andrew G. Ristvey and Sudeep A. Mathew, both are with University of Maryland Extension. As with other native plants this fruiting shrub is well adapted to the area, having few pests or diseases. A look at the pictures above will show the similarity to the rose or apple family. Notice the star shaped calyx at the bottom of the fruit, like an apple it is a pome but about the size of a blueberry.
Quality control inspectors are busy during the 2013 aronia harvest.