diff --git "a/data/catalog.json" "b/data/catalog.json" --- "a/data/catalog.json" +++ "b/data/catalog.json" @@ -17330,3068 +17330,2347 @@ "linearized": true }, { - "id": "cmos_vlsi_design_4th_edition", - "title": "CMOS VLSI Design 4th Edition", - "author": "Neil H. E. Weste and David Money Harris", - "totalPages": 867, + "id": "digital_design_and_computer_architecture_arm_edition", + "title": "Digital Design and Computer Architecture: ARM® Edition", + "author": "Sarah L. Harris", + "totalPages": 732, "category": "Electronics", "tags": [ + "Software Architecture", "Electrical Circuits", - "System Design", + "Algorithms & Data Structures", "ML Engineering", - "Software Architecture", - "Operating Systems", - "Electronics" + "System Design" ], - "coverUrl": "data/covers/cmos_vlsi_design_4th_edition.png", - "pdfUrl": "data/pdfs/cmos_vlsi_design_4th_edition.pdf", - "layoutUrl": "data/layouts/cmos_vlsi_design_4th_edition.json", + "coverUrl": "data/covers/digital_design_and_computer_architecture_arm_edition.png", + "pdfUrl": "data/pdfs/digital_design_and_computer_architecture_arm_edition.pdf", + "layoutUrl": "data/layouts/digital_design_and_computer_architecture_arm_edition.json", "linearized": true, "toc": [ { "level": 1, - "title": "Cover\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000", + "title": "Front Cover", "page": 1 }, { "level": 1, - "title": "Title Page", - "page": 4 + "title": "Digital Design and Computer Architecture", + "page": 6 }, { "level": 1, - "title": "Copyright", - "page": 5 + "title": "Copyright Page", + "page": 7 }, { "level": 1, "title": "Contents", - "page": 8 + "page": 10 }, { "level": 1, "title": "Preface", - "page": 24 + "page": 20 }, { - "level": 1, - "title": "Chapter 1 Introduction", - "page": 28 + "level": 2, + "title": "Features", + "page": 21 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "1.1 A Brief History", - "page": 28 + "level": 3, + "title": "Side-by-Side Coverage of SystemVerilog and VHDL", + "page": 21 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "1.2 Preview", - "page": 33 + "level": 3, + "title": "ARM Architecture and Microarchitecture", + "page": 21 + }, + { + "level": 3, + "title": "Real-World Perspectives", + "page": 21 + }, + { + "level": 3, + "title": "Accessible Overview of Advanced Microarchitecture", + "page": 21 + }, + { + "level": 3, + "title": "End-of-Chapter Exercises and Interview Questions", + "page": 22 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "1.3 MOS Transistors", - "page": 33 + "title": "Online Supplements", + "page": 22 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "1.4 CMOS Logic", - "page": 36 + "title": "How To Use The Software Tools In A Course", + "page": 23 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.4.1 The Inverter", - "page": 36 + "title": "Altera Quartus II", + "page": 23 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.4.2 The NAND Gate", - "page": 36 + "title": "Keil's ARM Microcontroller Development Kit (MDK-ARM)", + "page": 23 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "1.4.3 CMOS Logic Gates", - "page": 36 + "level": 2, + "title": "Labs", + "page": 23 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "1.4.4 The NOR Gate", - "page": 38 + "level": 2, + "title": "Bugs", + "page": 24 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "1.4.5 Compound Gates", - "page": 38 + "level": 2, + "title": "Acknowledgments", + "page": 25 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "1.4.6 Pass Transistors and Transmission Gates", - "page": 39 + "level": 1, + "title": "1 From Zero to One", + "page": 28 + }, + { + "level": 2, + "title": "1.1 The Game Plan", + "page": 28 + }, + { + "level": 2, + "title": "1.2 The Art of Managing Complexity", + "page": 29 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.4.7 Tristates", - "page": 41 + "title": "1.2.1 Abstraction", + "page": 29 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.4.8 Multiplexers", - "page": 42 + "title": "1.2.2 Discipline", + "page": 30 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.4.9 Sequential Circuits", - "page": 43 + "title": "1.2.3 The Three-Y's", + "page": 31 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "1.5 CMOS Fabrication and Layout", - "page": 46 + "title": "1.3 The Digital Abstraction", + "page": 32 + }, + { + "level": 2, + "title": "1.4 Number Systems", + "page": 34 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.5.1 Inverter Cross-Section", - "page": 46 + "title": "1.4.1 Decimal Numbers", + "page": 34 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.5.2 Fabrication Process", - "page": 47 + "title": "1.4.2 Binary Numbers", + "page": 34 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.5.3 Layout Design Rules", - "page": 51 + "title": "1.4.3 Hexadecimal Numbers", + "page": 36 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.5.4 Gate Layouts", - "page": 54 + "title": "1.4.4 Bytes, Nibbles, and All That Jazz", + "page": 38 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.5.5 Stick Diagrams", - "page": 55 + "title": "1.4.5 Binary Addition", + "page": 39 + }, + { + "level": 3, + "title": "1.4.6 Signed Binary Numbers", + "page": 40 + }, + { + "level": 4, + "title": "Sign/Magnitude Numbers", + "page": 40 + }, + { + "level": 4, + "title": "Two's Complement Numbers", + "page": 41 + }, + { + "level": 4, + "title": "Comparison of Number Systems", + "page": 43 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "1.6 Design Partitioning", - "page": 56 + "title": "1.5 Logic Gates", + "page": 44 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.6.1 Design Abstractions", - "page": 57 + "title": "1.5.1 NOT Gate", + "page": 45 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.6.2 Structured Design", - "page": 58 + "title": "1.5.2 Buffer", + "page": 45 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.6.3 Behavioral, Structural, and Physical Domains", - "page": 58 + "title": "1.5.3 AND Gate", + "page": 45 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "1.7 Example: A Simple MIPS Microprocessor", - "page": 60 + "level": 3, + "title": "1.5.4 OR Gate", + "page": 46 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.7.1 MIPS Architecture", - "page": 60 + "title": "1.5.5 Other Two-Input Gates", + "page": 46 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.7.2 Multicycle MIPS Microarchitecture", - "page": 61 + "title": "1.5.6 Multiple-Input Gates", + "page": 46 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "1.8 Logic Design", - "page": 65 + "title": "1.6 Beneath the Digital Abstraction", + "page": 47 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.8.1 Top-Level Interfaces", - "page": 65 + "title": "1.6.1 Supply Voltage", + "page": 47 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.8.2 Block Diagrams", - "page": 65 + "title": "1.6.2 Logic Levels", + "page": 47 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.8.3 Hierarchy", - "page": 67 + "title": "1.6.3 Noise Margins", + "page": 48 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.8.4 Hardware Description Languages", - "page": 67 + "title": "1.6.4 DC Transfer Characteristics", + "page": 49 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "1.9 Circuit Design", - "page": 69 + "level": 3, + "title": "1.6.5 The Static Discipline", + "page": 49 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "1.10 Physical Design", - "page": 72 + "title": "1.7 CMOS Transistors", + "page": 51 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.10.1 Floorplanning", - "page": 72 + "title": "1.7.1 Semiconductors", + "page": 52 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.10.2 Standard Cells", - "page": 75 + "title": "1.7.2 Diodes", + "page": 52 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.10.3 Pitch Matching", - "page": 77 + "title": "1.7.3 Capacitors", + "page": 53 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.10.4 Slice Plans", - "page": 77 + "title": "1.7.4 nMOS and pMOS Transistors", + "page": 53 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.10.5 Arrays", - "page": 78 + "title": "1.7.5 CMOS NOT Gate", + "page": 56 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "1.10.6 Area Estimation", - "page": 78 + "title": "1.7.6 Other CMOS Logic Gates", + "page": 56 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "1.11 Design Verification", - "page": 80 + "level": 3, + "title": "1.7.7 Transmission Gates", + "page": 58 + }, + { + "level": 3, + "title": "1.7.8 Pseudo-nMOS Logic", + "page": 58 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "1.12 Fabrication, Packaging, and Testing", - "page": 81 + "title": "1.8 Power Consumption", + "page": 59 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "Summary and a Look Ahead", - "page": 82 + "title": "1.9 Summary and a Look Ahead", + "page": 60 }, { "level": 2, "title": "Exercises", - "page": 84 + "page": 62 }, { - "level": 1, - "title": "Chapter 2 MOS Transistor Theory", - "page": 88 + "level": 2, + "title": "Interview Questions", + "page": 77 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "2.1 Introduction", - "page": 88 + "level": 1, + "title": "2 Combinational Logic Design", + "page": 80 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "2.2 Long-Channel I-V Characteristics", - "page": 91 + "title": "2.1 Introduction", + "page": 80 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "2.3 C-V Characteristics", - "page": 95 + "title": "2.2 Boolean Equations", + "page": 83 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "2.3.1 Simple MOS Capacitance Models", - "page": 95 + "title": "2.2.1 Terminology", + "page": 83 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "2.3.2 Detailed MOS Gate Capacitance Model", - "page": 97 + "title": "2.2.2 Sum-of-Products Form", + "page": 83 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "2.3.3 Detailed MOS Diffusion Capacitance Model", - "page": 99 + "title": "2.2.3 Product-of-Sums Form", + "page": 85 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "2.4 Nonideal I-V Effects", - "page": 101 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "2.4.1 Mobility Degradation and Velocity Saturation", - "page": 102 + "title": "2.3 Boolean Algebra", + "page": 85 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "2.4.2 Channel Length Modulation", - "page": 105 + "title": "2.3.1 Axioms", + "page": 86 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "2.4.3 Threshold Voltage Effects", - "page": 106 + "title": "2.3.2 Theorems of One Variable", + "page": 86 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "2.4.4 Leakage", - "page": 107 + "title": "2.3.3 Theorems of Several Variables", + "page": 87 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "2.4.5 Temperature Dependence", - "page": 112 + "title": "2.3.4 The Truth Behind It All", + "page": 89 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "2.4.6 Geometry Dependence", - "page": 113 + "title": "2.3.5 Simplifying Equations", + "page": 90 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "2.4.7 Summary", - "page": 113 + "level": 2, + "title": "2.4 From Logic to Gates", + "page": 91 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "2.5 DC Transfer Characteristics", - "page": 114 + "title": "2.5 Multilevel Combinational Logic", + "page": 94 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "2.5.1 Static CMOS Inverter DC Characteristics", - "page": 115 + "title": "2.5.1 Hardware Reduction", + "page": 95 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "2.5.2 Beta Ratio Effects", - "page": 117 + "title": "2.5.2 Bubble Pushing", + "page": 96 + }, + { + "level": 2, + "title": "2.6 X’s and Z’s, Oh My", + "page": 98 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "2.5.3 Noise Margin", - "page": 118 + "title": "2.6.1 Illegal Value: X", + "page": 98 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "2.5.4 Pass Transistor DC Characteristics", - "page": 119 + "title": "2.6.2 Floating Value: Z", + "page": 99 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "2.6 Pitfalls and Fallacies", - "page": 120 + "title": "2.7 Karnaugh Maps", + "page": 100 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "Summary", - "page": 121 + "level": 3, + "title": "2.7.1 Circular Thinking", + "page": 101 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "Exercises", - "page": 122 + "level": 3, + "title": "2.7.2 Logic Minimization with K-Maps", + "page": 102 }, { - "level": 1, - "title": "Chapter 3 CMOS Processing Technology", - "page": 126 + "level": 3, + "title": "2.7.3 Don't Cares", + "page": 106 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "3.1 Introduction", - "page": 126 + "level": 3, + "title": "2.7.4 The Big Picture", + "page": 107 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "3.2 CMOS Technologies", - "page": 127 + "title": "2.8 Combinational Building Blocks", + "page": 108 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.2.1 Wafer Formation", - "page": 127 + "title": "2.8.1 Multiplexers", + "page": 108 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.2.2 Photolithography", - "page": 128 + "title": "2.8.2 Decoders", + "page": 111 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "3.2.3 Well and Channel Formation", - "page": 130 + "level": 2, + "title": "2.9 Timing", + "page": 113 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.2.4 Silicon Dioxide (SiO[sup(2)])", - "page": 132 + "title": "2.9.1 Propagation and Contamination Delay", + "page": 113 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.2.5 Isolation", - "page": 133 + "title": "2.9.2 Glitches", + "page": 117 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "3.2.6 Gate Oxide", + "level": 2, + "title": "2.10 Summary", + "page": 120 + }, + { + "level": 2, + "title": "Exercises", + "page": 122 + }, + { + "level": 2, + "title": "Interview Questions", + "page": 131 + }, + { + "level": 1, + "title": "3 Sequential Logic Design", + "page": 134 + }, + { + "level": 2, + "title": "3.1 Introduction", + "page": 134 + }, + { + "level": 2, + "title": "3.2 Latches and Flip-Flops", "page": 134 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.2.7 Gate and Source/Drain Formations", - "page": 135 + "title": "3.2.1 SR Latch", + "page": 136 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.2.8 Contacts and Metallization", - "page": 137 + "title": "3.2.2 D Latch", + "page": 138 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.2.9 Passivation", + "title": "3.2.3 D FIip-Flop", "page": 139 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.2.10 Metrology", + "title": "3.2.4 Register", "page": 139 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "3.3 Layout Design Rules", + "level": 3, + "title": "3.2.5 Enabled Flip-Flop", "page": 140 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.3.1 Design Rule Background", - "page": 140 + "title": "3.2.6 Resettable Flip-Flop", + "page": 141 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.3.2 Scribe Line and Other Structures", + "title": "3.2.7 Transistor-Level Latch and Flip-Flop Designs", + "page": 141 + }, + { + "level": 3, + "title": "3.2.8 Putting It All Together", "page": 143 }, + { + "level": 2, + "title": "3.3 Synchronous Logic Design", + "page": 144 + }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.3.3 MOSIS Scalable CMOS Design Rules", + "title": "3.3.1 Some Problematic Circuits", "page": 144 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.3.4 Micron Design Rules", + "title": "3.3.2 Synchronous Sequential Circuits", "page": 145 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "3.4 CMOS Process Enhancements", - "page": 146 + "level": 3, + "title": "3.3.3 Synchronous and Asynchronous Circuits", + "page": 147 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "3.4.1 Transistors", - "page": 146 + "level": 2, + "title": "3.4 Finite State Machines", + "page": 148 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.4.2 Interconnect", - "page": 149 + "title": "3.4.1 FSM Design Example", + "page": 148 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.4.3 Circuit Elements", - "page": 151 + "title": "3.4.2 State Encodings", + "page": 154 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.4.4 Beyond Conventional CMOS", - "page": 156 + "title": "3.4.3 Moore and Mealy Machines", + "page": 157 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "3.5 Technology-Related CAD Issues", - "page": 157 + "level": 3, + "title": "3.4.4 Factoring State Machines", + "page": 159 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.5.1 Design Rule Checking (DRC)", - "page": 158 + "title": "3.4.5 Deriving an FSM from a Schematic", + "page": 162 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.5.2 Circuit Extraction", - "page": 159 + "title": "3.4.6 FSM Review", + "page": 165 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "3.6 Manufacturing Issues", - "page": 160 + "title": "3.5 Timing of Sequential Logic", + "page": 166 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.6.1 Antenna Rules", - "page": 160 + "title": "3.5.1 The Dynamic Discipline", + "page": 167 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.6.2 Layer Density Rules", - "page": 161 + "title": "3.5.2 System Timing", + "page": 167 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.6.3 Resolution Enhancement Rules", - "page": 161 + "title": "3.5.3 Clock Skew", + "page": 173 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.6.4 Metal Slotting Rules", - "page": 162 + "title": "3.5.4 Metastability", + "page": 176 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "3.6.5 Yield Enhancement Guidelines", - "page": 162 + "title": "3.5.5 Synchronizers", + "page": 177 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "3.7 Pitfalls and Fallacies", - "page": 163 + "level": 3, + "title": "3.5.6 Derivation of Resolution Time", + "page": 179 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "3.8 Historical Perspective", - "page": 164 + "title": "3.6 Parallelism", + "page": 182 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "Summary", - "page": 166 + "title": "3.7 Summary", + "page": 186 }, { "level": 2, "title": "Exercises", - "page": 166 + "page": 187 + }, + { + "level": 2, + "title": "Interview Questions", + "page": 196 }, { "level": 1, - "title": "Chapter 4 Delay", - "page": 168 + "title": "4 Hardware Description Languages", + "page": 198 }, { "level": 2, "title": "4.1 Introduction", - "page": 168 + "page": 198 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.1.1 Definitions", - "page": 168 + "title": "4.1.1 Modules", + "page": 198 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.1.2 Timing Optimization", - "page": 169 + "title": "4.1.2 Language Origins", + "page": 199 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "4.2 Transient Response", - "page": 170 + "level": 3, + "title": "4.1.3 Simulation and Synthesis", + "page": 200 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "4.3 RC Delay Model", - "page": 173 + "title": "4.2 Combinational Logic", + "page": 202 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.3.1 Effective Resistance", - "page": 173 + "title": "4.2.1 Bitwise Operators", + "page": 202 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.3.2 Gate and Diffusion Capacitance", - "page": 174 + "title": "4.2.2 Comments and White Space", + "page": 205 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.3.3 Equivalent RC Circuits", - "page": 174 + "title": "4.2.3 Reduction Operators", + "page": 205 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.3.4 Transient Response", - "page": 175 + "title": "4.2.4 Conditional Assignment", + "page": 206 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.3.5 Elmore Delay", - "page": 177 + "title": "4.2.5 Internal Variables", + "page": 207 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.3.6 Layout Dependence of Capacitance", - "page": 180 + "title": "4.2.6 Precedence", + "page": 209 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.3.7 Determining Effective Resistance", - "page": 181 + "title": "4.2.7 Numbers", + "page": 210 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "4.4 Linear Delay Model", - "page": 182 + "level": 3, + "title": "4.2.8 Z’s and X’s", + "page": 211 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.4.1 Logical Effort", - "page": 183 + "title": "4.2.9 Bit Swizzling", + "page": 213 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.4.2 Parasitic Delay", - "page": 183 + "title": "4.2.10 Delays", + "page": 213 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "4.4.3 Delay in a Logic Gate", - "page": 185 + "level": 2, + "title": "4.3 Structural Modeling", + "page": 215 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "4.4.4 Drive", - "page": 186 + "level": 2, + "title": "4.4 Sequential Logic", + "page": 218 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.4.5 Extracting Logical Effort from Datasheets", - "page": 186 + "title": "4.4.1 Registers", + "page": 218 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.4.6 Limitations to the Linear Delay Model", - "page": 187 + "title": "4.4.2 Resettable Registers", + "page": 219 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "4.5 Logical Effort of Paths", - "page": 190 + "level": 3, + "title": "4.4.3 Enabled Registers", + "page": 221 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.5.1 Delay in Multistage Logic Networks", - "page": 190 + "title": "4.4.4 Multiple Registers", + "page": 222 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.5.2 Choosing the Best Number of Stages", - "page": 193 + "title": "4.4.5 Latches", + "page": 223 + }, + { + "level": 2, + "title": "4.5 More Combinational Logic", + "page": 223 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.5.3 Example", - "page": 195 + "title": "4.5.1 Case Statements", + "page": 226 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.5.4 Summary and Observations", - "page": 196 + "title": "4.5.2 If Statements", + "page": 227 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.5.5 Limitations of Logical Effort", - "page": 198 + "title": "4.5.3 Truth Tables with Don’t Cares", + "page": 230 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.5.6 Iterative Solutions for Sizing", - "page": 198 + "title": "4.5.4 Blocking and Nonblocking Assignments", + "page": 230 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "4.6 Timing Analysis Delay Models", - "page": 200 + "title": "4.6 Finite State Machines", + "page": 234 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "4.6.1 Slope-Based Linear Model", - "page": 200 + "level": 2, + "title": "4.7 Data Types", + "page": 238 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.6.2 Nonlinear Delay Model", - "page": 201 + "title": "4.7.1 SystemVerilog", + "page": 239 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "4.6.3 Current Source Model", - "page": 201 + "title": "4.7.2 VHDL", + "page": 240 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "4.7 Pitfalls and Fallacies", - "page": 201 + "title": "4.8 Parameterized Modules", + "page": 242 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "4.8 Historical Perspective", - "page": 202 + "title": "4.9 Testbenches", + "page": 245 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "Summary", - "page": 203 + "title": "4.10 Summary", + "page": 249 }, { "level": 2, "title": "Exercises", - "page": 203 + "page": 251 + }, + { + "level": 2, + "title": "Interview Questions", + "page": 262 }, { "level": 1, - "title": "Chapter 5 Power", - "page": 208 + "title": "5 Digital Building Blocks", + "page": 264 }, { "level": 2, "title": "5.1 Introduction", - "page": 208 + "page": 264 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "5.1.1 Definitions", - "page": 209 + "level": 2, + "title": "5.2 Arithmetic Circuits", + "page": 264 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "5.1.2 Examples", - "page": 209 + "title": "5.2.1 Addition", + "page": 264 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "5.1.3 Sources of Power Dissipation", - "page": 211 + "level": 4, + "title": "Half Adder", + "page": 265 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "5.2 Dynamic Power", - "page": 212 + "level": 4, + "title": "Full Adder", + "page": 265 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "5.2.1 Activity Factor", - "page": 213 + "level": 4, + "title": "Carry Propagate Adder", + "page": 265 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "5.2.2 Capacitance", - "page": 215 + "level": 4, + "title": "Ripple-Carry Adder", + "page": 265 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "5.2.3 Voltage", - "page": 217 + "level": 4, + "title": "Carry-Lookahead Adder", + "page": 266 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "5.2.4 Frequency", - "page": 219 + "level": 4, + "title": "Prefix Adder", + "page": 268 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "5.2.5 Short-Circuit Current", - "page": 220 + "level": 4, + "title": "Putting It All Together", + "page": 270 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "5.2.6 Resonant Circuits", - "page": 220 + "title": "5.2.2 Subtraction", + "page": 271 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "5.3 Static Power", - "page": 221 + "level": 3, + "title": "5.2.3 Comparators", + "page": 271 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "5.3.1 Static Power Sources", - "page": 221 + "title": "5.2.4 ALU", + "page": 273 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "5.3.2 Power Gating", - "page": 224 + "title": "5.2.5 Shifters and Rotators", + "page": 276 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "5.3.3 Multiple Threshold Voltages and Oxide Thicknesses", - "page": 226 + "title": "5.2.6 Multiplication", + "page": 277 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "5.3.4 Variable Threshold Voltages", - "page": 226 + "title": "5.2.7 Division", + "page": 279 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "5.3.5 Input Vector Control", - "page": 227 + "title": "5.2.8 Further Reading", + "page": 280 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "5.4 Energy-Delay Optimization", - "page": 227 + "title": "5.3 Number Systems", + "page": 280 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "5.4.1 Minimum Energy", - "page": 227 + "title": "5.3.1 Fixed-Point Number Systems", + "page": 280 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "5.4.2 Minimum Energy-Delay Product", - "page": 230 + "title": "5.3.2 Floating-Point Number Systems", + "page": 281 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "5.4.3 Minimum Energy Under a Delay Constraint", - "page": 230 + "level": 4, + "title": "Special Cases: 0, ±∞, and NaN", + "page": 283 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "5.5 Low Power Architectures", - "page": 231 + "level": 4, + "title": "Single- and Double-Precision Formats", + "page": 283 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "5.5.1 Microarchitecture", - "page": 231 + "level": 4, + "title": "Rounding", + "page": 284 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "5.5.2 Parallelism and Pipelining", - "page": 231 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "5.5.3 Power Management Modes", - "page": 232 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "5.6 Pitfalls and Fallacies", - "page": 233 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "5.7 Historical Perspective", - "page": 234 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "Summary", - "page": 236 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "Exercises", - "page": 236 - }, - { - "level": 1, - "title": "Chapter 6 Interconnect", - "page": 238 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "6.1 Introduction", - "page": 238 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "6.1.1 Wire Geometry", - "page": 238 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "6.1.2 Example: Intel Metal Stacks", - "page": 239 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "6.2 Interconnect Modeling", - "page": 240 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "6.2.1 Resistance", - "page": 241 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "6.2.2 Capacitance", - "page": 242 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "6.2.3 Inductance", - "page": 245 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "6.2.4 Skin Effect", - "page": 246 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "6.2.5 Temperature Dependence", - "page": 247 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "6.3 Interconnect Impact", - "page": 247 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "6.3.1 Delay", - "page": 247 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "6.3.2 Energy", - "page": 249 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "6.3.3 Crosstalk", - "page": 249 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "6.3.4 Inductive Effects", - "page": 251 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "6.3.5 An Aside on Effective Resistance and Elmore Delay", - "page": 254 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "6.4 Interconnect Engineering", - "page": 256 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "6.4.1 Width, Spacing, and Layer", - "page": 256 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "6.4.2 Repeaters", - "page": 257 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "6.4.3 Crosstalk Control", - "page": 259 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "6.4.4 Low-Swing Signaling", - "page": 261 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "6.4.5 Regenerators", - "page": 263 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "6.5 Logical Effort with Wires", - "page": 263 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "6.6 Pitfalls and Fallacies", - "page": 264 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "Summary", - "page": 265 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "Exercises", - "page": 265 - }, - { - "level": 1, - "title": "Chapter 7 Robustness", - "page": 268 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "7.1 Introduction", - "page": 268 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "7.2 Variability", - "page": 268 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "7.2.1 Supply Voltage", - "page": 269 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "7.2.2 Temperature", - "page": 269 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "7.2.3 Process Variation", - "page": 270 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "7.2.4 Design Corners", - "page": 271 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "7.3 Reliability", - "page": 273 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "7.3.1 Reliability Terminology", - "page": 273 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "7.3.2 Oxide Wearout", - "page": 274 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "7.3.3 Interconnect Wearout", - "page": 276 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "7.3.4 Soft Errors", - "page": 278 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "7.3.5 Overvoltage Failure", - "page": 279 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "7.3.6 Latchup", - "page": 280 + "level": 4, + "title": "Floating-Point Addition", + "page": 284 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "7.4 Scaling", - "page": 281 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "7.4.1 Transistor Scaling", - "page": 282 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "7.4.2 Interconnect Scaling", + "title": "5.4 Sequential Building Blocks", "page": 284 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "7.4.3 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors", + "title": "5.4.1 Counters", "page": 285 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "7.4.4 Impacts on Design", + "title": "5.4.2 Shift Registers", "page": 286 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "7.5 Statistical Analysis of Variability", - "page": 290 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "7.5.1 Properties of Random Variables", - "page": 290 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "7.5.2 Variation Sources", - "page": 293 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "7.5.3 Variation Impacts", - "page": 296 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "7.6 Variation-Tolerant Design", - "page": 301 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "7.6.1 Adaptive Control", - "page": 302 + "title": "5.5 Memory Arrays", + "page": 289 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "7.6.2 Fault Tolerance", - "page": 302 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "7.7 Pitfalls and Fallacies", - "page": 304 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "7.8 Historical Perspective", - "page": 305 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "Summary", - "page": 311 + "title": "5.5.1 Overview", + "page": 289 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "Exercises", - "page": 311 + "level": 4, + "title": "Bit Cells", + "page": 289 }, { - "level": 1, - "title": "Chapter 8 Circuit Simulation", - "page": 314 + "level": 4, + "title": "Organization", + "page": 290 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "8.1 Introduction", - "page": 314 + "level": 4, + "title": "Memory Ports", + "page": 290 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "8.2 A SPICE Tutorial", - "page": 315 + "level": 4, + "title": "Memory Types", + "page": 291 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "8.2.1 Sources and Passive Components", - "page": 315 + "title": "5.5.2 Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)", + "page": 291 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "8.2.2 Transistor DC Analysis", - "page": 319 + "title": "5.5.3 Static Random Access Memory (SRAM)", + "page": 292 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "8.2.3 Inverter Transient Analysis", - "page": 319 + "title": "5.5.4 Area and Delay", + "page": 292 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.2.4 Subcircuits and Measurement", - "page": 321 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.2.5 Optimization", - "page": 323 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.2.6 Other HSPICE Commands", - "page": 325 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "8.3 Device Models", - "page": 325 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.3.1 Level 1 Models", - "page": 326 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.3.2 Level 2 and 3 Models", - "page": 327 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.3.3 BSIM Models", - "page": 327 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.3.4 Diffusion Capacitance Models", - "page": 327 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.3.5 Design Corners", - "page": 329 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "8.4 Device Characterization", - "page": 330 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.4.1 I-V Characteristics", - "page": 330 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.4.2 Threshold Voltage", - "page": 333 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.4.3 Gate Capacitance", - "page": 335 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.4.4 Parasitic Capacitance", - "page": 335 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.4.5 Effective Resistance", - "page": 337 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.4.6 Comparison of Processes", - "page": 338 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.4.7 Process and Environmental Sensitivity", - "page": 340 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "8.5 Circuit Characterization", - "page": 340 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.5.1 Path Simulations", - "page": 340 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.5.2 DC Transfer Characteristics", - "page": 342 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.5.3 Logical Effort", - "page": 342 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.5.4 Power and Energy", - "page": 345 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.5.5 Simulating Mismatches", - "page": 346 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "8.5.6 Monte Carlo Simulation", - "page": 346 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "8.6 Interconnect Simulation", - "page": 346 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "8.7 Pitfalls and Fallacies", - "page": 349 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "Summary", - "page": 351 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "Exercises", - "page": 351 - }, - { - "level": 1, - "title": "Chapter 9 Combinational Circuit Design", - "page": 354 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "9.1 Introduction", - "page": 354 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "9.2 Circuit Families", - "page": 355 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.2.1 Static CMOS", - "page": 356 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.2.2 Ratioed Circuits", - "page": 361 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.2.3 Cascode Voltage Switch Logic", - "page": 366 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.2.4 Dynamic Circuits", - "page": 366 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.2.5 Pass-Transistor Circuits", - "page": 376 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "9.3 Circuit Pitfalls", - "page": 381 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.3.1 Threshold Drops", - "page": 382 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.3.2 Ratio Failures", - "page": 382 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.3.3 Leakage", - "page": 383 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.3.4 Charge Sharing", - "page": 383 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.3.5 Power Supply Noise", - "page": 383 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.3.6 Hot Spots", - "page": 384 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.3.7 Minority Carrier Injection", - "page": 384 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.3.8 Back-Gate Coupling", - "page": 385 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.3.9 Diffusion Input Noise Sensitivity", - "page": 385 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.3.10 Process Sensitivity", - "page": 385 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.3.11 Example: Domino Noise Budgets", - "page": 386 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "9.4 More Circuit Families", - "page": 387 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "9.5 Silicon-On-Insulator Circuit Design", - "page": 387 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.5.1 Floating Body Voltage", - "page": 388 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.5.2 SOI Advantages", - "page": 389 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.5.3 SOI Disadvantages", - "page": 389 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.5.4 Implications for Circuit Styles", - "page": 390 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.5.5 Summary", - "page": 391 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "9.6 Subthreshold Circuit Design", - "page": 391 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.6.1 Sizing", - "page": 392 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "9.6.2 Gate Selection", - "page": 392 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "9.7 Pitfalls and Fallacies", - "page": 393 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "9.8 Historical Perspective", - "page": 394 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "Summary", - "page": 396 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "Exercises", - "page": 397 - }, - { - "level": 1, - "title": "Chapter 10 Sequential Circuit Design", - "page": 402 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "10.1 Introduction", - "page": 402 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "10.2 Sequencing Static Circuits", - "page": 403 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.2.1 Sequencing Methods", - "page": 403 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.2.2 Max-Delay Constraints", - "page": 406 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.2.3 Min-Delay Constraints", - "page": 410 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.2.4 Time Borrowing", - "page": 413 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.2.5 Clock Skew", - "page": 416 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "10.3 Circuit Design of Latches and Flip-Flops", - "page": 418 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.3.1 Conventional CMOS Latches", - "page": 419 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.3.2 Conventional CMOS Flip-Flops", - "page": 420 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.3.3 Pulsed Latches", - "page": 422 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.3.4 Resettable Latches and Flip-Flops", - "page": 423 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.3.5 Enabled Latches and Flip-Flops", - "page": 424 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.3.6 Incorporating Logic into Latches", - "page": 425 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.3.7 Klass Semidynamic Flip-Flop (SDFF)", - "page": 426 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.3.8 Differential Flip-Flops", - "page": 426 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.3.9 Dual Edge-Triggered Flip-Flops", - "page": 427 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.3.10 Radiation-Hardened Flip-Flops", - "page": 428 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.3.11 True Single-Phase-Clock (TSPC) Latches and Flip-Flops", - "page": 429 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "10.4 Static Sequencing Element Methodology", - "page": 429 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.4.1 Choice of Elements", - "page": 430 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.4.2 Characterizing Sequencing Element Delays", - "page": 432 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.4.3 State Retention Registers", - "page": 435 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.4.4 Level-Converter Flip-Flops", - "page": 435 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.4.5 Design Margin and Adaptive Sequential Elements", - "page": 436 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.4.6 Two-Phase Timing Types", - "page": 438 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "10.5 Sequencing Dynamic Circuits", - "page": 438 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "10.6 Synchronizers", - "page": 438 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.6.1 Metastability", - "page": 439 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.6.2 A Simple Synchronizer", - "page": 442 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.6.3 Communicating Between Asynchronous Clock Domains", - "page": 443 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.6.4 Common Synchronizer Mistakes", - "page": 444 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.6.5 Arbiters", - "page": 446 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "10.6.6 Degrees of Synchrony", - "page": 446 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "10.7 Wave Pipelining", - "page": 447 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "10.8 Pitfalls and Fallacies", - "page": 449 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "10.9 Case Study: Pentium 4 and Itanium 2 Sequencing Methodologies", - "page": 450 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "Summary", - "page": 450 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "Exercises", - "page": 452 - }, - { - "level": 1, - "title": "Chapter 11 Datapath Subsystems", - "page": 456 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "11.1 Introduction", - "page": 456 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "11.2 Addition/Subtraction", - "page": 456 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "11.2.1 Single-Bit Addition", - "page": 457 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "11.2.2 Carry-Propagate Addition", - "page": 461 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "11.2.3 Subtraction", - "page": 485 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "11.2.4 Multiple-Input Addition", - "page": 485 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "11.2.5 Flagged Prefix Adders", - "page": 486 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "11.3 One/Zero Detectors", - "page": 488 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "11.4 Comparators", - "page": 489 + "level": 3, + "title": "5.5.5 Register Files", + "page": 293 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "11.4.1 Magnitude Comparator", - "page": 489 + "title": "5.5.6 Read Only Memory", + "page": 293 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "11.4.2 Equality Comparator", - "page": 489 + "title": "5.5.7 Logic Using Memory Arrays", + "page": 295 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "11.4.3 K = A + B Comparator", - "page": 490 + "title": "5.5.8 Memory HDL", + "page": 296 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "11.5 Counters", - "page": 490 + "title": "5.6 Logic Arrays", + "page": 296 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "11.5.1 Binary Counters", - "page": 491 + "title": "5.6.1 Programmable Logic Array", + "page": 297 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "11.5.2 Fast Binary Counters", - "page": 492 + "title": "5.6.2 Field Programmable Gate Array", + "page": 299 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "11.5.3 Ring and Johnson Counters", - "page": 493 + "title": "5.6.3 Array Implementations", + "page": 304 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "11.5.4 Linear-Feedback Shift Registers", - "page": 493 + "level": 2, + "title": "5.7 Summary", + "page": 306 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "11.6 Boolean Logical Operations", - "page": 495 + "title": "Exercises", + "page": 307 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "11.7 Coding", - "page": 495 + "title": "Interview Questions", + "page": 318 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "11.7.1 Parity", - "page": 495 + "level": 1, + "title": "6 Architecture", + "page": 320 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "11.7.2 Error-Correcting Codes", - "page": 495 + "level": 2, + "title": "6.1 Introduction", + "page": 320 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "11.7.3 Gray Codes", - "page": 497 + "level": 2, + "title": "6.2 Assembly Language", + "page": 321 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "11.7.4 XOR/XNOR Circuit Forms", - "page": 498 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "11.8 Shifters", - "page": 499 + "title": "6.2.1 Instructions", + "page": 322 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "11.8.1 Funnel Shifter", - "page": 500 + "title": "6.2.2 Operands: Registers, Memory, and Constants", + "page": 323 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "11.8.2 Barrel Shifter", - "page": 502 + "level": 4, + "title": "Registers", + "page": 324 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "11.8.3 Alternative Shift Functions", - "page": 503 + "level": 4, + "title": "The Register Set", + "page": 325 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "11.9 Multiplication", - "page": 503 + "level": 4, + "title": "Constants/Immediates", + "page": 325 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "11.9.1 Unsigned Array Multiplication", - "page": 505 + "level": 4, + "title": "Memory", + "page": 326 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "11.9.2 Two’s Complement Array Multiplication", - "page": 506 + "level": 2, + "title": "6.3 Programming", + "page": 328 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "11.9.3 Booth Encoding", - "page": 507 + "title": "6.3.1 Data-processing Instructions", + "page": 328 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "11.9.4 Column Addition", - "page": 512 + "level": 4, + "title": "Logical Instructions", + "page": 328 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "11.9.5 Final Addition", - "page": 516 + "level": 4, + "title": "Shift Instructions", + "page": 329 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "11.9.6 Fused Multiply-Add", - "page": 517 + "level": 4, + "title": "Multiply Instructions*", + "page": 330 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "11.9.7 Serial Multiplication", - "page": 517 + "title": "6.3.2 Condition Flags", + "page": 331 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "11.9.8 Summary", - "page": 517 + "title": "6.3.3 Branching", + "page": 333 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "11.10 Parallel-Prefix Computations", - "page": 518 + "level": 3, + "title": "6.3.4 Conditional Statements", + "page": 334 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "11.11 Pitfalls and Fallacies", - "page": 520 + "level": 4, + "title": "if Statements", + "page": 334 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "Summary", - "page": 521 + "level": 4, + "title": "if/else Statements", + "page": 335 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "Exercises", - "page": 521 + "level": 4, + "title": "switch/case Statements*", + "page": 336 }, { - "level": 1, - "title": "Chapter 12 Array Subsystems", - "page": 524 + "level": 3, + "title": "6.3.5 Getting Loopy", + "page": 337 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "12.1 Introduction", - "page": 524 + "level": 4, + "title": "while Loops", + "page": 337 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "12.2 SRAM", - "page": 525 + "level": 4, + "title": "for Loops", + "page": 337 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "12.2.1 SRAM Cells", - "page": 526 + "title": "6.3.6 Memory", + "page": 338 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "12.2.2 Row Circuitry", - "page": 533 + "level": 4, + "title": "Bytes and Characters", + "page": 340 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "12.2.3 Column Circuitry", - "page": 537 + "title": "6.3.7 Function Calls", + "page": 342 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "12.2.4 Multi-Ported SRAM and Register Files", - "page": 541 + "level": 4, + "title": "Function Calls and Returns", + "page": 343 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "12.2.5 Large SRAMs", - "page": 542 + "level": 4, + "title": "Input Arguments and Return Values", + "page": 344 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "12.2.6 Low-Power SRAMs", - "page": 544 + "level": 4, + "title": "The Stack", + "page": 345 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "12.2.7 Area, Delay, and Power of RAMs and Register Files", - "page": 547 + "level": 4, + "title": "Loading and Storing Multiple Registers", + "page": 347 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "12.3 DRAM", - "page": 549 + "level": 4, + "title": "Preserved Registers", + "page": 347 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "12.3.1 Subarray Architectures", - "page": 550 + "level": 4, + "title": "Nonleaf Function Calls", + "page": 349 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "12.3.2 Column Circuitry", - "page": 552 + "level": 4, + "title": "Recursive Function Calls", + "page": 351 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "12.3.3 Embedded DRAM", - "page": 553 + "level": 4, + "title": "Additional Arguments and Local Variables*", + "page": 353 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "12.4 Read-Only Memory", - "page": 554 + "title": "6.4 Machine Language", + "page": 354 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "12.4.1 Programmable ROMs", - "page": 556 + "title": "6.4.1 Data-processing Instructions", + "page": 354 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "12.4.2 NAND ROMs", - "page": 557 + "title": "6.4.2 Memory Instructions", + "page": 358 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "12.4.3 Flash", - "page": 558 + "title": "6.4.3 Branch Instructions", + "page": 359 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "12.5 Serial Access Memories", - "page": 560 + "level": 3, + "title": "6.4.4 Addressing Modes", + "page": 361 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "12.5.1 Shift Registers", - "page": 560 + "title": "6.4.5 Interpreting Machine Language Code", + "page": 361 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "12.5.2 Queues (FIFO, LIFO)", - "page": 560 + "title": "6.4.6 The Power of the Stored Program", + "page": 362 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "12.6 Content-Addressable Memory", - "page": 562 + "title": "6.5 Lights, Camera, Action: Compiling, Assembling, and Loading", + "page": 364 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "12.7 Programmable Logic Arrays", - "page": 564 + "level": 3, + "title": "6.5.1 The Memory Map", + "page": 364 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "12.8 Robust Memory Design", - "page": 568 + "level": 4, + "title": "The Text Segment", + "page": 365 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "12.8.1 Redundancy", - "page": 568 + "level": 4, + "title": "The Global Data Segment", + "page": 365 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "12.8.2 Error Correcting Codes (ECC)", - "page": 570 + "level": 4, + "title": "The Dynamic Data Segment", + "page": 365 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "12.8.3 Radiation Hardening", - "page": 570 + "level": 4, + "title": "The Exception Handler, OS, and I/O Segments", + "page": 365 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "12.9 Historical Perspective", - "page": 571 + "level": 3, + "title": "6.5.2 Compilation", + "page": 365 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "Summary", - "page": 572 + "level": 3, + "title": "6.5.3 Assembling", + "page": 367 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "Exercises", - "page": 573 + "level": 3, + "title": "6.5.4 Linking", + "page": 368 }, { - "level": 1, - "title": "Chapter 13 Special-Purpose Subsystems", - "page": 576 + "level": 3, + "title": "6.5.5 Loading", + "page": 369 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "13.1 Introduction", - "page": 576 + "title": "6.6 Odds and Ends", + "page": 370 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "13.2 Packaging and Cooling", - "page": 576 + "level": 3, + "title": "6.6.1 Loading Literals", + "page": 370 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.2.1 Package Options", - "page": 576 + "title": "6.6.2 NOP", + "page": 371 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.2.2 Chip-to-Package Connections", - "page": 577 + "title": "6.6.3 Exceptions", + "page": 372 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "13.2.3 Package Parasitics", - "page": 578 + "level": 4, + "title": "Execution Modes and Privilege Levels", + "page": 372 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "13.2.4 Heat Dissipation", - "page": 578 + "level": 4, + "title": "Exception Vector Table", + "page": 372 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "13.2.5 Temperature Sensors", - "page": 580 + "level": 4, + "title": "Banked Registers", + "page": 373 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "13.3 Power Distribution", - "page": 582 + "level": 4, + "title": "Exception Handling", + "page": 374 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "13.3.1 On-Chip Power Distribution Network", - "page": 583 + "level": 4, + "title": "Exception-Related Instructions", + "page": 374 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "13.3.2 IR Drops", - "page": 584 + "level": 4, + "title": "Start-up", + "page": 375 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "13.3.3 L di/dt Noise", - "page": 585 + "level": 2, + "title": "6.7 Evolution of ARM Architecture", + "page": 375 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.3.4 On-Chip Bypass Capacitance", - "page": 586 + "title": "6.7.1 Thumb Instruction Set", + "page": 376 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.3.5 Power Network Modeling", - "page": 587 + "title": "6.7.2 DSP Instructions", + "page": 377 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.3.6 Power Supply Filtering", - "page": 591 + "title": "6.7.3 Floating-Point Instructions", + "page": 382 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.3.7 Charge Pumps", - "page": 591 + "title": "6.7.4 Power-Saving and Security Instructions", + "page": 383 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.3.8 Substrate Noise", - "page": 592 + "title": "6.7.5 SIMD Instructions", + "page": 383 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.3.9 Energy Scavenging", - "page": 592 + "title": "6.7.6 64-bit Architecture", + "page": 385 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "13.4 Clocks", - "page": 593 + "title": "6.8 Another Perspective: x86 Architecture", + "page": 385 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.4.1 Definitions", - "page": 593 + "title": "6.8.1 x86 Registers", + "page": 387 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.4.2 Clock System Architecture", - "page": 595 + "title": "6.8.2 x86 Operands", + "page": 387 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.4.3 Global Clock Generation", - "page": 596 + "title": "6.8.3 Status Flags", + "page": 388 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.4.4 Global Clock Distribution", - "page": 598 + "title": "6.8.4 x86 Instructions", + "page": 389 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.4.5 Local Clock Gaters", - "page": 602 + "title": "6.8.5 x86 Instruction Encoding", + "page": 389 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.4.6 Clock Skew Budgets", - "page": 604 + "title": "6.8.6 Other x86 Peculiarities", + "page": 392 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.4.7 Adaptive Deskewing", - "page": 606 + "title": "6.8.7 The Big Picture", + "page": 393 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "13.5 PLLs and DLLs", - "page": 607 + "title": "6.9 Summary", + "page": 393 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "13.5.1 PLLs", - "page": 607 + "level": 2, + "title": "Exercises", + "page": 395 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "13.5.2 DLLs", - "page": 614 + "level": 2, + "title": "Interview Questions", + "page": 408 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "13.5.3 Pitfalls", - "page": 616 + "level": 1, + "title": "7 Microarchitecture", + "page": 410 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "13.6 I/0", - "page": 617 + "title": "7.1 Introduction", + "page": 410 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.6.1 Basic I/O Pad Circuits", - "page": 618 + "title": "7.1.1 Architectural State and Instruction Set", + "page": 410 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.6.2 Electrostatic Discharge Protection", - "page": 620 + "title": "7.1.2 Design Process", + "page": 411 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.6.3 Example: MOSIS I/O Pads", - "page": 621 + "title": "7.1.3 Microarchitectures", + "page": 413 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "13.6.4 Mixed-Voltage I/O", - "page": 623 + "level": 2, + "title": "7.2 Performance Analysis", + "page": 414 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "13.7 High-Speed Links", - "page": 624 + "title": "7.3 Single-Cycle Processor", + "page": 415 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.7.1 High-Speed I/O Channels", - "page": 624 + "title": "7.3.1 Single-Cycle Datapath", + "page": 415 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.7.2 Channel Noise and Interference", - "page": 627 + "title": "7.3.2 Single-Cycle Control", + "page": 422 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.7.3 High-Speed Transmitters and Receivers", - "page": 628 + "title": "7.3.3 More Instructions", + "page": 427 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.7.4 Synchronous Data Transmission", - "page": 633 + "title": "7.3.4 Performance Analysis", + "page": 427 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "13.7.5 Clock Recovery in Source-Synchronous Systems", - "page": 633 + "level": 2, + "title": "7.4 Multicycle Processor", + "page": 431 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.7.6 Clock Recovery in Mesochronous Systems", - "page": 635 + "title": "7.4.1 Multicycle Datapath", + "page": 432 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "13.7.7 Clock Recovery in Pleisochronous Systems", - "page": 637 + "level": 4, + "title": "LDR", + "page": 432 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "13.8 Random Circuits", - "page": 637 + "level": 4, + "title": "STR", + "page": 436 + }, + { + "level": 4, + "title": "Data-Processing Instructions with Immediate Addressing", + "page": 437 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.8.1 True Random Number Generators", - "page": 637 + "title": "7.4.2 Multicycle Control", + "page": 438 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "13.8.2 Chip Identification", - "page": 638 + "title": "7.4.3 Performance Analysis", + "page": 446 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "13.9 Pitfalls and Fallacies", - "page": 639 + "title": "7.5 Pipelined Processor", + "page": 450 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "Summary", - "page": 640 + "level": 3, + "title": "7.5.1 Pipelined Datapath", + "page": 453 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "Exercises", - "page": 641 + "level": 3, + "title": "7.5.2 Pipelined Control", + "page": 455 }, { - "level": 1, - "title": "Chapter 14 Design Methodology and Tools", - "page": 642 + "level": 3, + "title": "7.5.3 Hazards", + "page": 456 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "14.1 Introduction", - "page": 642 + "level": 3, + "title": "7.5.4 Performance Analysis", + "page": 466 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "14.2 Structured Design Strategies", - "page": 644 + "title": "7.6 HDL Representation", + "page": 468 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.2.1 A Software Radio—A System Example", - "page": 645 + "title": "7.6.1 Single-Cycle Processor", + "page": 469 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.2.2 Hierarchy", - "page": 647 + "title": "7.6.2 Generic Building Blocks", + "page": 474 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.2.3 Regularity", - "page": 650 + "title": "7.6.3 Testbench", + "page": 477 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "14.2.4 Modularity", - "page": 652 + "level": 2, + "title": "7.7 Advanced Microarchitecture", + "page": 481 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.2.5 Locality", - "page": 653 + "title": "7.7.1 Deep Pipelines", + "page": 482 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.2.6 Summary", - "page": 654 + "title": "7.7.2 Micro-Operations", + "page": 483 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "14.3 Design Methods", - "page": 654 + "level": 3, + "title": "7.7.3 Branch Prediction", + "page": 484 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.3.1 Microprocessor/DSP", - "page": 654 + "title": "7.7.4 Superscalar Processor", + "page": 486 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.3.2 Programmable Logic", - "page": 655 + "title": "7.7.5 Out-of-Order Processor", + "page": 488 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.3.3 Gate Array and Sea of Gates Design", - "page": 658 + "title": "7.7.6 Register Renaming", + "page": 490 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.3.4 Cell-Based Design", - "page": 659 + "title": "7.7.7 Multithreading", + "page": 492 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.3.5 Full Custom Design", - "page": 661 + "title": "7.7.8 Multiprocessors", + "page": 493 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "14.3.6 Platform-Based Design—System on a Chip", - "page": 662 + "level": 2, + "title": "7.8 Real-World Perspective: Evolution of ARM Microarchitecture", + "page": 495 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "14.3.7 Summary", - "page": 663 + "level": 2, + "title": "7.9 Summary", + "page": 501 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "14.4 Design Flows", - "page": 663 + "title": "Exercises", + "page": 503 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "14.4.1 Behavioral Synthesis Design Flow (ASIC Design Flow)", - "page": 664 + "level": 2, + "title": "Interview Questions", + "page": 509 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "14.4.2 Automated Layout Generation", - "page": 668 + "level": 1, + "title": "8 Memory Systems", + "page": 512 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "14.4.3 Mixed-Signal or Custom-Design Flow", - "page": 672 + "level": 2, + "title": "8.1 Introduction", + "page": 512 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "14.5 Design Economics", - "page": 673 + "title": "8.2 Memory System Performance Analysis", + "page": 516 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "14.5.1 Non-Recurring Engineering Costs (NREs)", - "page": 674 + "level": 2, + "title": "8.3 Caches", + "page": 517 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.5.2 Recurring Costs", - "page": 676 + "title": "8.3.1 What Data is Held in the Cache?", + "page": 518 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.5.3 Fixed Costs", - "page": 677 + "title": "8.3.2 How is Data Found?", + "page": 519 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "14.5.4 Schedule", - "page": 678 + "level": 4, + "title": "Direct Mapped Cache", + "page": 519 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "14.5.5 Personpower", - "page": 680 + "level": 4, + "title": "Multi-way Set Associative Cache", + "page": 523 + }, + { + "level": 4, + "title": "Fully Associative Cache", + "page": 524 + }, + { + "level": 4, + "title": "Block Size", + "page": 525 + }, + { + "level": 4, + "title": "Putting it All Together", + "page": 526 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.5.6 Project Management", - "page": 680 + "title": "8.3.3 What Data is Replaced?", + "page": 527 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.5.7 Design Reuse", - "page": 681 + "title": "8.3.4 Advanced Cache Design", + "page": 528 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "14.6 Data Sheets and Documentation", - "page": 682 + "level": 4, + "title": "Multiple-Level Caches", + "page": 529 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "14.6.1 The Summary", - "page": 682 + "level": 4, + "title": "Reducing Miss Rate", + "page": 530 + }, + { + "level": 4, + "title": "Write Policy", + "page": 531 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.6.2 Pinout", - "page": 682 + "title": "8.3.5 The Evolution of ARM Caches", + "page": 532 + }, + { + "level": 2, + "title": "8.4 Virtual Memory", + "page": 533 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.6.3 Description of Operation", - "page": 682 + "title": "8.4.1 Address Translation", + "page": 535 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.6.4 DC Specifications", - "page": 682 + "title": "8.4.2 The Page Table", + "page": 537 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.6.5 AC Specifications", - "page": 683 + "title": "8.4.3 The Translation Lookaside Buffer", + "page": 539 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.6.6 Package Diagram", - "page": 683 + "title": "8.4.4 Memory Protection", + "page": 540 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.6.7 Principles of Operation Manual", - "page": 683 + "title": "8.4.5 Replacement Policies", + "page": 541 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "14.6.8 User Manual", - "page": 683 + "title": "8.4.6 Multilevel Page Tables", + "page": 541 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "14.7 CMOS Physical Design Styles", - "page": 683 + "title": "8.5 Summary", + "page": 543 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "14.8 Pitfalls and Fallacies", - "page": 684 + "title": "Epilogue", + "page": 544 }, { "level": 2, "title": "Exercises", - "page": 684 + "page": 545 + }, + { + "level": 2, + "title": "Interview Questions", + "page": 554 }, { "level": 1, - "title": "Chapter 15 Testing, Debugging, and Verification", - "page": 686 + "title": "9 I/O Systems", + "page": 557 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "15.1 Introduction", - "page": 686 + "title": "9.1 Introduction", + "page": 557 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "15.1.1 Logic Verification", - "page": 687 + "level": 2, + "title": "9.2 Memory-Mapped I/O", + "page": 557 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "15.1.2 Debugging", - "page": 689 + "level": 2, + "title": "9.3 Embedded I/O Systems", + "page": 559 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "15.1.3 Manufacturing Tests", - "page": 691 + "title": "9.3.1 BCM2835 System-on-Chip", + "page": 560 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "15.2 Testers, Test Fixtures, and Test Programs", - "page": 693 + "level": 3, + "title": "9.3.2 Device Drivers", + "page": 562 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "15.2.1 Testers and Test Fixtures", - "page": 693 + "title": "9.3.3 General-Purpose Digital I/O", + "page": 564 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "15.2.2 Test Programs", - "page": 695 + "title": "9.3.4 Serial I/O", + "page": 567 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "15.2.3 Handlers", - "page": 696 + "level": 4, + "title": "9.3.4.1 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)", + "page": 568 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "15.3 Logic Verification Principles", - "page": 697 + "level": 4, + "title": "9.3.4.2 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)", + "page": 573 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "15.3.1 Test Vectors", - "page": 697 + "title": "9.3.5 Timers", + "page": 579 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "15.3.2 Testbenches and Harnesses", - "page": 698 + "title": "9.3.6 Analog I/O", + "page": 581 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "15.3.3 Regression Testing", - "page": 698 + "level": 4, + "title": "9.3.6.1 D/A Conversion", + "page": 581 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "15.3.4 Version Control", - "page": 699 + "level": 4, + "title": "9.3.6.2 Pulse-Width Modulation", + "page": 584 + }, + { + "level": 4, + "title": "9.3.6.3 A/D Conversion", + "page": 587 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "15.3.5 Bug Tracking", - "page": 700 + "title": "9.3.7 Interrupts", + "page": 588 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "15.4 Silicon Debug Principles", - "page": 700 + "title": "9.4 Other Microcontroller Peripherals", + "page": 588 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "15.5 Manufacturing Test Principles", - "page": 703 + "level": 3, + "title": "9.4.1 Character LCDs", + "page": 589 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "15.5.1 Fault Models", - "page": 704 + "title": "9.4.2 VGA Monitor", + "page": 592 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "15.5.2 Observability", - "page": 706 + "title": "9.4.3 Bluetooth Wireless Communication", + "page": 598 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "15.5.3 Controllability", - "page": 706 + "title": "9.4.4 Motor Control", + "page": 599 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "15.5.4 Repeatability", - "page": 706 + "level": 4, + "title": "9.4.4.1 DC Motors", + "page": 600 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "15.5.5 Survivability", - "page": 706 + "level": 4, + "title": "9.4.4.2 Servo Motor", + "page": 604 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "15.5.6 Fault Coverage", - "page": 707 + "level": 4, + "title": "9.4.4.3 Stepper Motor", + "page": 605 + }, + { + "level": 2, + "title": "9.5 Bus Interfaces", + "page": 610 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "15.5.7 Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG)", - "page": 707 + "title": "9.5.1 AHB-Lite", + "page": 610 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "15.5.8 Delay Fault Testing", - "page": 707 + "title": "9.5.2 Memory and Peripheral Interface Example", + "page": 611 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "15.6 Design for Testability", - "page": 708 + "title": "9.6 PC I/O Systems", + "page": 613 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "15.6.1 Ad Hoc Testing", - "page": 708 + "title": "9.6.1 USB", + "page": 615 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "15.6.2 Scan Design", - "page": 709 + "title": "9.6.2 PCI and PCI Express", + "page": 615 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "15.6.3 Built-In Self-Test (BIST)", - "page": 711 + "title": "9.6.3 DDR3 Memory", + "page": 616 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "15.6.4 IDDQ Testing", - "page": 714 + "title": "9.6.4 Networking", + "page": 617 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "15.6.5 Design for Manufacturability", - "page": 714 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "15.7 Boundary Scan", - "page": 715 + "title": "9.6.5 SATA", + "page": 617 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "15.8 Testing in a University Environment", - "page": 716 + "level": 3, + "title": "9.6.6 Interfacing to a PC", + "page": 618 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "15.9 Pitfalls and Fallacies", - "page": 717 + "level": 4, + "title": "9.6.6.1 Data Acquisition Systems", + "page": 618 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "Summary", - "page": 724 + "level": 4, + "title": "9.6.6.2 USB Links", + "page": 619 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "Exercises", - "page": 724 + "title": "9.7 Summary", + "page": 620 }, { "level": 1, - "title": "Appendix A: Hardware Description Languages", - "page": 726 + "title": "Appendix A Digital System Implementation", + "page": 623 }, { "level": 2, "title": "A.1 Introduction", - "page": 726 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "A.1.1 Modules", - "page": 727 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "A.1.2 Simulation and Synthesis", - "page": 728 + "page": 623 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "A.2 Combinational Logic", - "page": 729 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "A.2.1 Bitwise Operators", - "page": 729 + "title": "A.2 74xx Logic", + "page": 623 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "A.2.2 Comments and White Space", - "page": 730 + "title": "A.2.1 Logic Gates", + "page": 624 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "A.2.3 Reduction Operators", - "page": 730 + "title": "A.2.2 Other Functions", + "page": 624 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "A.2.4 Conditional Assignment", - "page": 731 + "level": 2, + "title": "A.3 Programmable Logic", + "page": 624 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "A.2.5 Internal Variables", - "page": 733 + "title": "A.3.1 PROMs", + "page": 624 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "A.2.6 Precedence and Other Operators", - "page": 735 + "title": "A.3.2 PLAs", + "page": 628 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "A.2.7 Numbers", - "page": 735 + "title": "A.3.3 FPGAs", + "page": 629 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "A.2.8 Zs and Xs", - "page": 736 + "level": 2, + "title": "A.4 Application-Specific Integrated Circuits", + "page": 631 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "A.2.9 Bit Swizzling", - "page": 738 + "level": 2, + "title": "A.5 Data Sheets", + "page": 631 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "A.2.10 Delays", - "page": 739 + "level": 2, + "title": "A.6 Logic Families", + "page": 637 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "A.3 Structural Modeling", - "page": 740 + "title": "A.7 Packaging and Assembly", + "page": 639 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "A.4 Sequential Logic", - "page": 744 + "title": "A.8 Transmission Lines", + "page": 642 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "A.4.1 Registers", - "page": 744 + "title": "A.8.1 Matched Termination", + "page": 644 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "A.4.2 Resettable Registers", - "page": 745 + "title": "A.8.2 Open Termination", + "page": 646 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "A.4.3 Enabled Registers", - "page": 746 + "title": "A.8.3 Short Termination", + "page": 647 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "A.4.4 Multiple Registers", - "page": 747 + "title": "A.8.4 Mismatched Termination", + "page": 647 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "A.4.5 Latches", - "page": 748 + "title": "A.8.5 When to Use Transmission Line Models", + "page": 650 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "A.4.6 Counters", - "page": 749 + "title": "A.8.6 Proper Transmission Line Terminations", + "page": 650 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "A.4.7 Shift Registers", - "page": 751 - }, - { - "level": 2, - "title": "A.5 Combinational Logic with Always / Process Statements", - "page": 751 + "title": "A.8.7 Derivation of Z0", + "page": 652 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "A.5.1 Case Statements", - "page": 753 + "title": "A.8.8 Derivation of the Reflection Coefficient", + "page": 653 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "A.5.2 If Statements", - "page": 756 + "title": "A.8.9 Putting It All Together", + "page": 654 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "A.5.3 SystemVerilog Casez", - "page": 758 + "level": 2, + "title": "A.9 Economics", + "page": 655 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "A.5.4 Blocking and Nonblocking Assignments", - "page": 758 + "level": 1, + "title": "Appendix B ARM Instructions", + "page": 659 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "A.6 Finite State Machines", - "page": 762 - }, - { - "level": 3, - "title": "A.6.1 FSM Example", - "page": 762 + "title": "B.1 Data-Processing Instructions", + "page": 659 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "A.6.2 State Enumeration", - "page": 763 + "title": "B.1.1 Multiply Instructions", + "page": 661 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "A.6.3 FSM with Inputs", - "page": 765 + "level": 2, + "title": "B.2 Memory Instructions", + "page": 662 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "A.7 Type Idiosyncracies", - "page": 767 + "title": "B.3 Branch Instructions", + "page": 663 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "A.8 Parameterized Modules", - "page": 769 + "title": "B.4 Miscellaneous Instructions", + "page": 663 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "A.9 Memory", - "page": 772 + "title": "B.5 Condition Flags", + "page": 664 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "A.9.1 RAM", - "page": 772 + "level": 1, + "title": "Appendix C C Programming", + "page": 666 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "A.9.2 Multiported Register Files", - "page": 774 + "level": 2, + "title": "C.1 Introduction", + "page": 666 }, { - "level": 3, - "title": "A.9.3 ROM", - "page": 775 + "level": 2, + "title": "C.2 Welcome to C", + "page": 668 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "A.10 Testbenches", - "page": 776 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.2.1 C Program Dissection", + "page": 668 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "A.11 SystemVerilog Netlists", - "page": 781 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.2.2 Running a C Program", + "page": 669 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "A.12 Example: MIPS Processor", - "page": 782 + "title": "C.3 Compilation", + "page": 670 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "A.12.1 Testbench", - "page": 783 + "title": "C.3.1 Comments", + "page": 670 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "A.12.2 SystemVerilog", - "page": 784 + "title": "C.3.2 #define", + "page": 670 }, { "level": 3, - "title": "A.12.3 VHDL", - "page": 793 + "title": "C.3.3 #include", + "page": 671 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "Exercises", - "page": 803 - }, - { - "level": 1, - "title": "References", - "page": 812 + "title": "C.4 Variables", + "page": 672 }, { - "level": 1, - "title": "Index", - "page": 844 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.4.1 Primitive Data Types", + "page": 673 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "A", - "page": 844 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.4.2 Global and Local Variables", + "page": 674 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "B", - "page": 845 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.4.3 Initializing Variables", + "page": 676 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "C", - "page": 845 + "title": "C.5 Operators", + "page": 676 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "D", - "page": 848 + "title": "C.6 Function Calls", + "page": 680 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "E", - "page": 850 + "title": "C.7 Control-Flow Statements", + "page": 681 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "F", - "page": 850 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.7.1 Conditional Statements", + "page": 682 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "G", - "page": 851 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.7.2 Loops", + "page": 684 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "H", - "page": 852 + "title": "C.8 More Data Types", + "page": 686 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "I", - "page": 852 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.8.1 Pointers", + "page": 686 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "J", - "page": 853 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.8.2 Arrays", + "page": 688 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "K", - "page": 853 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.8.3 Characters", + "page": 692 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "L", - "page": 853 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.8.4 Strings", + "page": 693 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "M", - "page": 854 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.8.5 Structures", + "page": 694 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "N", - "page": 855 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.8.6 typedef", + "page": 696 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "O", - "page": 856 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.8.7 Dynamic Memory Allocation", + "page": 697 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "P", - "page": 857 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.8.8 Linked Lists", + "page": 698 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "Q", - "page": 859 + "title": "C.9 Standard Libraries", + "page": 700 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "R", - "page": 859 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.9.1 stdio", + "page": 700 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "S", - "page": 860 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.9.2 stdlib", + "page": 705 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "T", - "page": 862 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.9.3 math", + "page": 707 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "U", - "page": 863 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.9.4 string", + "page": 708 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "V", - "page": 863 + "title": "C.10 Compiler and Command Line Options", + "page": 708 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "W", - "page": 864 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.10.1 Compiling Multiple C Source Files", + "page": 708 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "X", - "page": 864 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.10.2 Compiler Options", + "page": 708 }, { - "level": 2, - "title": "Y", - "page": 864 + "level": 3, + "title": "C.10.3 Command Line Arguments", + "page": 709 }, { "level": 2, - "title": "Z", - "page": 864 + "title": "C.11 Common Mistakes", + "page": 710 }, { "level": 1, - "title": "Credits", - "page": 865 + "title": "Index", + "page": 716 } ] }