---
license: cc-by-sa-4.0
license_link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
task_categories:
  - image-classification
  - video-classification
  - object-detection
tags:
  - medical
  - cystoscopy
  - bladder-cancer
  - histopathology
  - endoscopy
language:
  - en
pretty_name: Cystoscopy Core Benchmark
size_categories:
  - 1K<n<10K
---

# Cystoscopy Core Benchmark

Raw-source core dataset for cystoscopy image and video classification. Contains
cystoscopy videos with bounding-box annotations, and images with lesion-level
labels, grades, and stages. Designed as the source-of-truth from which derived
training datasets (v1, v2, G) are built.

## Sources

The dataset aggregates three publicly available cystoscopy datasets:

| Source | Origin | Modality | Patients | Images/Frames | Type |
|--------|--------|----------|----------|---------------|------|
| B | B_dataset | Video clips (CLARA+CHROMA / white light) | 30 | 173 videos (2448 annotated frames) | Track clips with bounding boxes |
| C | CystoDS | Still images (WLC / BLC) | 160 | 8067 images | Histopathology-confirmed stills |
| D | Lazo et al. | Still images (WLI / NBI) | 22 | 1754 images | Histopathology-confirmed stills |

## Dataset Structure

```
cystoscopy-core/
├── data/
│   ├── image_annotations.parquet   # 12,269 rows: per-image labels, grade, stage, segmentation
│   ├── video_annotations.parquet   # 173 rows: per-video metadata (histological type, grade, stage)
│   └── video_frame_boxes.parquet   # 69,108 rows: per-frame bounding boxes (x,y,w,h)
├── B/videos/                        # 173 .mp4 video clips (1920x1080)
├── C/images/<pid>/                  # 8067 .png images organized by patient
└── D/images/<pid>/                  # 1754 .png images organized by patient
```

## Annotation Schemas

### image_annotations.parquet (12,269 rows)

Per-image annotation table covering all C images, all D images, and B video
frames selected for the G-derived benchmark.

| Column | Type | Description |
|--------|------|-------------|
| `source_dataset` | string | B, C, or D |
| `patient_id` | int | Normalized patient ID (B: 1–30, C: 31–190, D: 191–212) |
| `lesion_id` | string | Lesion grouping (B: `B_<track>_<idx>`, C: `L0`–`L6`/`Multifocal`, D: `D_<case>_pt<pt>_<tissue>`) |
| `filename` | string | Image filename (C/D only; B uses video_id + frame_idx) |
| `label` | int | 0 = malignant tumor (MT), 1 = non-malignant lesion (NML), 2 = non-ROI (NROI) |
| `grade` | string | `low`, `high`, or null (inferred from histological type / subclass / tissue type) |
| `stage` | string | `Ta`, `T1`, `Tis`, `T2`, or null (D has no stage) |
| `subclass` | string | Source-native subclass (C: LowGradePapillary, HighGradePapillary, CIS, etc.) |
| `subclass2` | string | Secondary reclassification (C only; 16 rows) |
| `morphology` | string | C: Papillary, Non-papillary, etc. |
| `visit` | float | C: visit number |
| `multifocal` | string | C: multifocal flag |
| `imaging_type` | string | Unified modality (CLARA + CHROMA, white light, WLC, BLC, WLI, NBI) |
| `segmentation` | list | Polygon segmentation masks (C only; 768 of 8,067 images) |
| `video_id` | string | B: video clip identifier (e.g., P017_cystoscopy_track_077) |
| `frame_idx` | float | B: frame index within video clip |

### video_annotations.parquet (173 rows)

| Column | Type | Description |
|--------|------|-------------|
| `video_id` | string | Video clip identifier |
| `patient_id` | int | Normalized patient ID |
| `histological_type` | string | pTaLG, pT1LG, pTaHG, pT1HG, pT2HG, pT2, PUNLMP |
| `light_mode` | string | CLARA + CHROMA or white light |
| `num_frames` | int | Actual frame count of the .mp4 file (not original cystoscopy length) |
| `n_boxes` | int | Number of bounding boxes in this video |
| `stage` | string | Ta, T1, T2 (derived from histological_type) |
| `grade` | string | low, high, or null (pT2 and PUNLMP → null) |
| `imaging_type` | string | Same as light_mode for B |

### video_frame_boxes.parquet (69,108 rows)

| Column | Type | Description |
|--------|------|-------------|
| `video_id` | string | Video clip identifier |
| `patient_id` | int | Normalized patient ID |
| `track_id` | int | Track number within patient |
| `frame` | int | Frame index within video clip (0-indexed) |
| `label` | string | Box label (all "tumor"; class comes from video-level histological_type) |
| `xtl`, `ytl`, `xbr`, `ybr` | float | Bounding box coordinates (pixels, 1920x1080) |
| `occluded` | int | Occlusion flag |
| `outside` | int | Outside frame flag |
| `keyframe` | int | Keyframe flag |
| `z_order` | int | Z-order for overlap resolution |

## Label Distribution (image_annotations)

| Label | ID | Count |
|-------|----|-------|
| Malignant Tumor (MT) | 0 | 4,512 |
| Non-Malignant Lesion (NML) | 1 | 355 |
| Non-ROI (NROI) | 2 | 7,402 |
| **Total** | | **12,269** |

## Grade Distribution

| Grade | Count |
|-------|-------|
| Low | 2,633 |
| High | 1,888 |

## Stage Distribution

| Stage | Count |
|-------|-------|
| Ta | 2,017 |
| T1 | 1,124 |
| Tis | 71 |
| T2 | 261 |

## Histological Type Distribution (B videos)

| Type | Count |
|------|-------|
| Urothelial carcinoma pTaLG | 77 |
| Urothelial carcinoma pT1LG | 38 |
| Urothelial carcinoma pT1HG | 27 |
| PUNLMP | 12 |
| Urothelial carcinoma pTaHG | 8 |
| Urothelial carcinoma pT2HG | 7 |
| Urothelial carcinoma pT2 | 4 |

## Patient IDs

Normalized mapping (1-indexed):
- B: patients 1–30 (30 patients, 173 video track clips)
- C: patients 31–190 (160 patients, 8067 images)
- D: patients 191–212 (22 patients, 1754 images)

## Licensing

This is a mixed-license dataset:
- **Source B**: CC BY 4.0
- **Source C (CystoDS)**: CC BY 4.0
- **Source D (Lazo et al.)**: CC BY-SA 4.0

The combined dataset is distributed under CC BY-SA 4.0 (the most restrictive
component license).

## Citation

If you use this dataset, please cite the original source datasets.

## Usage

```python
from datasets import load_dataset
from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download

# Load annotation tables
ds = load_dataset("milkyroad/cystoscopy-core")

# Download a specific image
hf_hub_download(
    repo_id="milkyroad/cystoscopy-core",
    filename="C/images/P031/d6df5610.png",
    repo_type="dataset",
)

# Download a specific video
hf_hub_download(
    repo_id="milkyroad/cystoscopy-core",
    filename="B/videos/P000_cystoscopy_track_000.mp4",
    repo_type="dataset",
)
```