---
license: cc-by-4.0
pretty_name: Open Misconceptions
language:
  - en
tags:
  - education
  - misconceptions
  - learning-analytics
  - assessment
size_categories:
  - n<1K
configs:
  - config_name: default
    data_files: miscon.jsonl
---

# Open Misconceptions

A public catalogue of misconceptions with stable IDs. Each row is one
record: a belief a learner could hold, its kind, the evidence pattern that
reveals it (with a concrete example), discriminators against slips and
neighbouring misconceptions, alignments to external schemes, and
provenance.

This dataset mirrors `dist/miscon.jsonl` from the tagged release of
<https://github.com/open-misconceptions/miscon-data>. The canonical form of a record is
its stable URI, for example
<https://open-misconceptions.github.io/miscon-data/m/math.fractions.add-across>.

## Provenance caveat

Most records are `status: draft` with `trust: low`: drafted from the cited
literature and not yet reviewed. Check `status`, `trust` and `reviews`
before treating a record as settled. `reviewed` records carry a human
accept or an attested review; `trust` is computed from the reviews against
the repository's reviewer registry.

## Fields

| Field | Meaning |
|-------|---------|
| `id` | Stable ID (`math.fractions.add-across`). Cite as `miscon:<id>`. |
| `uri` | Stable URI. |
| `uuid` | Opaque identifier; the CASE `CFItem.identifier`. |
| `version`, `status`, `trust` | Record semver; lifecycle (`draft`, `llm-reviewed`, `reviewed`, `deprecated`, `merged`); computed trust (`low`, `medium`, `high`). |
| `title`, `statement`, `notes` | Short label, the belief as the learner holds it, and optional notes such as likely origins. |
| `kind` | Mechanism: overgeneralization, undergeneralization, procedural-bug, notation-confusion, misapplied-analogy. |
| `domain`, `about`, `level_band`, `locale` | Subject, concepts, education levels, language. |
| `evidence_patterns` | List of `{item_shape, signature, example{item, expected, response}}`. |
| `discriminators` | `vs_slip` and `vs{<neighbour-id>: text}`. |
| `relations` | `conflicts_with`, `resolved_by`, and provisional `confusable_with`, `specializes`, `co_occurs_with`, `blocked_by`. |
| `alignments` | `{scheme, code, uri, relation, note}` into CCSS, progmiscon, etc. |
| `provenance` | `{sources[], origin, notes}`. |
| `reviews`, `history`, `license` | Reviews (`kind`, `by`, `date`, `scope`, `verdict`), merge/supersede history and changelog, always `CC-BY-4.0`. |

Full field documentation: <https://github.com/open-misconceptions/miscon-data/blob/main/schema/README.md>.

## Load

```python
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("open-misconceptions/miscon-data")
```

## Cite

Concept DOI (latest release): https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22416011. Each release also has a version DOI (v0.1.1: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22416012). Author and title metadata are in `CITATION.cff` in the repository.

## Licence

CC BY 4.0. Attribute "Open Misconceptions (Vikram Maram and contributors)"
and link to the repository or the record URI.