Groups of citizens blocking tanks with their bodies. Everyone from students to retirees teachers turned soldiers defending their homeland.
In this struggle as President Zelenskyy said in his speech to the European Parliament “Light will win over darkness.” The Ukrainian Ambassador to the United States is here tonight.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document 5:
I spoke with their families and told them that we are forever in debt for their sacrifice, and we will carry on their mission to restore the trust and safety every community deserves.
I’ve worked on these issues a long time.
I know what works: Investing in crime preventionand community police officers who’ll walk the beat, who’ll know the neighborhood, and who can restore trust and safety.
So let’s not abandon our streets. Or choose between safety and equal justice.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document 6:
Vice President Harris and I ran for office with a new economic vision for America.
Invest in America. Educate Americans. Grow the workforce. Build the economy from the bottom up
and the middle out, not from the top down.
Because we know that when the middle class grows, the poor have a ladder up and the wealthy do very well.
America used to have the best roads, bridges, and airports on Earth.
Now our infrastructure is ranked 13th in the world.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document 7:
And tonight, I’m announcing that the Justice Department will name a chief prosecutor for pandemic fraud.
By the end of this year, the deficit will be down to less than half what it was before I took office.
The only president ever to cut the deficit by more than one trillion dollars in a single year.
Lowering your costs also means demanding more competition.
I’m a capitalist, but capitalism without competition isn’t capitalism.
It’s exploitation—and it drives up prices.


It’s exploitation—and it drives up prices.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document 8:
For the past 40 years we were told that if we gave tax breaks to those at the very top, the benefits would trickle down to everyone else.
But that trickle-down theory led to weaker economic growth, lower wages, bigger deficits, and the widest gap between those at the top and everyone else in nearly a century.
Vice President Harris and I ran for office with a new economic vision for America.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document 9:
All told, we created 369,000 new manufacturing jobs in America just last year.
Powered by people I’ve met like JoJo Burgess, from generations of union steelworkers from Pittsburgh, who’s here with us tonight.
As Ohio Senator Sherrod Brown says, “It’s time to bury the label “Rust Belt.”
It’s time.
But with all the bright spots in our economy, record job growth and higher wages, too many families are struggling to keep up with the bills.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document 10:
I’m also calling on Congress: pass a law to make sure veterans devastated by toxic exposures in Iraq and Afghanistan finally get the benefits and comprehensive health care they deserve.
And fourth, let’s end cancer as we know it.
This is personal to me and Jill, to Kamala, and to so many of you.
Cancer is the #2 cause of death in America–second only to heart disease.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document 11:
He will never extinguish their love of freedom. He will never weaken the resolve of the free world.
We meet tonight in an America that has lived through two of the hardest years this nation has ever faced.
The pandemic has been punishing.


The pandemic has been punishing.
And so many families are living paycheck to paycheck, struggling to keep up with the rising cost of food, gas, housing, and so much more.
I understand.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document 12:
Madam Speaker, Madam Vice President, our First Lady and Second Gentleman. Members of Congress and the Cabinet. Justices of the Supreme Court. My fellow Americans.
Last year COVID-19 kept us apart. This year we are finally together again.
Tonight, we meet as Democrats Republicans and Independents. But most importantly as Americans.
With a duty to one another to the American people to the Constitution.
And with an unwavering resolve that freedom will always triumph over tyranny.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document 13:
I know.
One of those soldiers was my son Major Beau Biden.
We don’t know for sure if a burn pit was the cause of his brain cancer, or the diseases of so many of our troops.
But I’m committed to finding out everything we can.
Committed to military families like Danielle Robinson from Ohio.
The widow of Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson.
He was born a soldier. Army National Guard. Combat medic in Kosovo and Iraq.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document 14:
And soon, we’ll strengthen the Violence Against Women Act that I first wrote three decades ago. It is important for us to show the nation that we can come together and do big things.
So tonight I’m offering a Unity Agenda for the Nation. Four big things we can do together.
First, beat the opioid epidemic.
There is so much we can do. Increase funding for prevention, treatment, harm reduction, and recovery.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document 15:
Third, support our veterans.
Veterans are the best of us.


Third, support our veterans.
Veterans are the best of us.
I’ve always believed that we have a sacred obligation to equip all those we send to war and care for them and their families when they come home.
My administration is providing assistance with job training and housing, and now helping lower-income veterans get VA care debt-free.
Our troops in Iraq and Afghanistan faced many dangers.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document 16:
When we invest in our workers, when we build the economy from the bottom up and the middle out together, we can do something we haven’t done in a long time: build a better America.
For more than two years, COVID-19 has impacted every decision in our lives and the life of the nation.
And I know you’re tired, frustrated, and exhausted.
But I also know this.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document 17:
Now is the hour.
Our moment of responsibility.
Our test of resolve and conscience, of history itself.
It is in this moment that our character is formed. Our purpose is found. Our future is forged.
Well I know this nation.
We will meet the test.
To protect freedom and liberty, to expand fairness and opportunity.
We will save democracy.
As hard as these times have been, I am more optimistic about America today than I have been my whole life.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document 18:
He didn’t know how to stop fighting, and neither did she.
Through her pain she found purpose to demand we do better.
Tonight, Danielle—we are.
The VA is pioneering new ways of linking toxic exposures to diseases, already helping more veterans get benefits.
And tonight, I’m announcing we’re expanding eligibility to veterans suffering from nine respiratory cancers.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document 19:


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document 19:
I understand.
I remember when my Dad had to leave our home in Scranton, Pennsylvania to find work. I grew up in a family where if the price of food went up, you felt it.
That’s why one of the first things I did as President was fight to pass the American Rescue Plan.
Because people were hurting. We needed to act, and we did.
Few pieces of legislation have done more in a critical moment in our history to lift us out of crisis.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document 20:
So let’s not abandon our streets. Or choose between safety and equal justice.
Let’s come together to protect our communities, restore trust, and hold law enforcement accountable.
That’s why the Justice Department required body cameras, banned chokeholds, and restricted no-knock warrants for its officers.
Doing reranking with CohereRerank#
Now let’s wrap our base retriever with a ContextualCompressionRetriever. We’ll add an CohereRerank, uses the Cohere rerank endpoint to rerank the returned results.
from langchain.llms import OpenAI
from langchain.retrievers import ContextualCompressionRetriever
from langchain.retrievers.document_compressors import CohereRerank
llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)
compressor = CohereRerank()
compression_retriever = ContextualCompressionRetriever(base_compressor=compressor, base_retriever=retriever)
compressed_docs = compression_retriever.get_relevant_documents("What did the president say about Ketanji Jackson Brown")
pretty_print_docs(compressed_docs)
Document 1:
One of the most serious constitutional responsibilities a President has is nominating someone to serve on the United States Supreme Court.


And I did that 4 days ago, when I nominated Circuit Court of Appeals Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson. One of our nation’s top legal minds, who will continue Justice Breyer’s legacy of excellence.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document 2:
I spoke with their families and told them that we are forever in debt for their sacrifice, and we will carry on their mission to restore the trust and safety every community deserves.
I’ve worked on these issues a long time.
I know what works: Investing in crime preventionand community police officers who’ll walk the beat, who’ll know the neighborhood, and who can restore trust and safety.
So let’s not abandon our streets. Or choose between safety and equal justice.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document 3:
A former top litigator in private practice. A former federal public defender. And from a family of public school educators and police officers. A consensus builder. Since she’s been nominated, she’s received a broad range of support—from the Fraternal Order of Police to former judges appointed by Democrats and Republicans.
And if we are to advance liberty and justice, we need to secure the Border and fix the immigration system.
You can of course use this retriever within a QA pipeline
from langchain.chains import RetrievalQA
chain = RetrievalQA.from_chain_type(llm=OpenAI(temperature=0), retriever=compression_retriever)
chain({"query": query})
{'query': 'What did the president say about Ketanji Brown Jackson',
 'result': " The president said that Ketanji Brown Jackson is one of the nation's top legal minds and that she is a consensus builder who has received a broad range of support from the Fraternal Order of Police to former judges appointed by Democrats and Republicans."}
previous
Self-querying with Chroma
next
Contextual Compression
 Contents


previous
Self-querying with Chroma
next
Contextual Compression
 Contents

Set up the base vector store retriever
Doing reranking with CohereRerank
By Harrison Chase

      © Copyright 2023, Harrison Chase.

  Last updated on Jun 02, 2023.


.ipynb
.pdf
Weaviate Hybrid Search
Weaviate Hybrid Search#
Weaviate is an open source vector database.
Hybrid search is a technique that combines multiple search algorithms to improve the accuracy and relevance of search results. It uses the best features of both keyword-based search algorithms with vector search techniques.
The Hybrid search in Weaviate uses sparse and dense vectors to represent the meaning and context of search queries and documents.
This notebook shows how to use Weaviate hybrid search as a LangChain retriever.
Set up the retriever:
#!pip install weaviate-client
import weaviate
import os
WEAVIATE_URL = os.getenv("WEAVIATE_URL")
client = weaviate.Client(
    url=WEAVIATE_URL,
    auth_client_secret=weaviate.AuthApiKey(api_key=os.getenv("WEAVIATE_API_KEY")),
    additional_headers={
        "X-Openai-Api-Key": os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
    },
)
# client.schema.delete_all()
from langchain.retrievers.weaviate_hybrid_search import WeaviateHybridSearchRetriever
from langchain.schema import Document
/workspaces/langchain/langchain/vectorstores/analyticdb.py:20: MovedIn20Warning: The ``declarative_base()`` function is now available as sqlalchemy.orm.declarative_base(). (deprecated since: 2.0) (Background on SQLAlchemy 2.0 at: https://sqlalche.me/e/b8d9)
  Base = declarative_base()  # type: Any
retriever = WeaviateHybridSearchRetriever(
    client, index_name="LangChain", text_key="text"
)
Add some data:
docs = [
    Document(
        metadata={


)
Add some data:
docs = [
    Document(
        metadata={
            "title": "Embracing The Future: AI Unveiled",
            "author": "Dr. Rebecca Simmons",
        },
        page_content="A comprehensive analysis of the evolution of artificial intelligence, from its inception to its future prospects. Dr. Simmons covers ethical considerations, potentials, and threats posed by AI.",
    ),
    Document(
        metadata={
            "title": "Symbiosis: Harmonizing Humans and AI",
            "author": "Prof. Jonathan K. Sterling",
        },
        page_content="Prof. Sterling explores the potential for harmonious coexistence between humans and artificial intelligence. The book discusses how AI can be integrated into society in a beneficial and non-disruptive manner.",
    ),
    Document(
        metadata={"title": "AI: The Ethical Quandary", "author": "Dr. Rebecca Simmons"},
        page_content="In her second book, Dr. Simmons delves deeper into the ethical considerations surrounding AI development and deployment. It is an eye-opening examination of the dilemmas faced by developers, policymakers, and society at large.",
    ),
    Document(
        metadata={
            "title": "Conscious Constructs: The Search for AI Sentience",
            "author": "Dr. Samuel Cortez",
        },
        page_content="Dr. Cortez takes readers on a journey exploring the controversial topic of AI consciousness. The book provides compelling arguments for and against the possibility of true AI sentience.",
    ),
    Document(
        metadata={
            "title": "Invisible Routines: Hidden AI in Everyday Life",
            "author": "Prof. Jonathan K. Sterling",
        },


"author": "Prof. Jonathan K. Sterling",
        },
        page_content="In his follow-up to 'Symbiosis', Prof. Sterling takes a look at the subtle, unnoticed presence and influence of AI in our everyday lives. It reveals how AI has become woven into our routines, often without our explicit realization.",
    ),
]
retriever.add_documents(docs)
['eda16d7d-437d-4613-84ae-c2e38705ec7a',
 '04b501bf-192b-4e72-be77-2fbbe7e67ebf',
 '18a1acdb-23b7-4482-ab04-a6c2ed51de77',
 '88e82cc3-c020-4b5a-b3c6-ca7cf3fc6a04',
 'f6abd9d5-32ed-46c4-bd08-f8d0f7c9fc95']
Do a hybrid search:
retriever.get_relevant_documents("the ethical implications of AI")
[Document(page_content='In her second book, Dr. Simmons delves deeper into the ethical considerations surrounding AI development and deployment. It is an eye-opening examination of the dilemmas faced by developers, policymakers, and society at large.', metadata={}),
 Document(page_content='A comprehensive analysis of the evolution of artificial intelligence, from its inception to its future prospects. Dr. Simmons covers ethical considerations, potentials, and threats posed by AI.', metadata={}),
 Document(page_content="In his follow-up to 'Symbiosis', Prof. Sterling takes a look at the subtle, unnoticed presence and influence of AI in our everyday lives. It reveals how AI has become woven into our routines, often without our explicit realization.", metadata={}),


Document(page_content='Prof. Sterling explores the potential for harmonious coexistence between humans and artificial intelligence. The book discusses how AI can be integrated into society in a beneficial and non-disruptive manner.', metadata={})]
Do a hybrid search with where filter:
retriever.get_relevant_documents(
    "AI integration in society",
    where_filter={
        "path": ["author"],
        "operator": "Equal",
        "valueString": "Prof. Jonathan K. Sterling",
    },
)
[Document(page_content='Prof. Sterling explores the potential for harmonious coexistence between humans and artificial intelligence. The book discusses how AI can be integrated into society in a beneficial and non-disruptive manner.', metadata={}),
 Document(page_content="In his follow-up to 'Symbiosis', Prof. Sterling takes a look at the subtle, unnoticed presence and influence of AI in our everyday lives. It reveals how AI has become woven into our routines, often without our explicit realization.", metadata={})]
previous
Vespa
next
Self-querying with Weaviate
By Harrison Chase

      © Copyright 2023, Harrison Chase.

  Last updated on Jun 02, 2023.


.rst
.pdf
Tools
Tools#
Note
Conceptual Guide
Tools are ways that an agent can use to interact with the outside world.
For an overview of what a tool is, how to use them, and a full list of examples, please see the getting started documentation
Getting Started
Next, we have some examples of customizing and generically working with tools
Defining Custom Tools
Multi-Input Tools
Tool Input Schema
In this documentation we cover generic tooling functionality (eg how to create your own)
as well as examples of tools and how to use them.
Apify
ArXiv API Tool
AWS Lambda API
Shell Tool
Bing Search
Brave Search
ChatGPT Plugins
DuckDuckGo Search
File System Tools
Google Places
Google Search
Google Serper API
Gradio Tools
GraphQL tool
HuggingFace Tools
Human as a tool
IFTTT WebHooks
Metaphor Search
Call the API
Use Metaphor as a tool
OpenWeatherMap API
Python REPL
Requests
SceneXplain
Search Tools
SearxNG Search API
SerpAPI
Twilio
Wikipedia
Wolfram Alpha
YouTubeSearchTool
Zapier Natural Language Actions API
Example with SimpleSequentialChain
previous
Getting Started
next
Getting Started
By Harrison Chase

      © Copyright 2023, Harrison Chase.

  Last updated on Jun 02, 2023.


.rst
.pdf
Agents
Agents#
Note
Conceptual Guide
In this part of the documentation we cover the different types of agents, disregarding which specific tools they are used with.
For a high level overview of the different types of agents, see the below documentation.
Agent Types
For documentation on how to create a custom agent, see the below.
Custom Agent
Custom LLM Agent
Custom LLM Agent (with a ChatModel)
Custom MRKL Agent
Custom MultiAction Agent
Custom Agent with Tool Retrieval
We also have documentation for an in-depth dive into each agent type.
Conversation Agent (for Chat Models)
Conversation Agent
MRKL
MRKL Chat
ReAct
Self Ask With Search
Structured Tool Chat Agent
previous
Zapier Natural Language Actions API
next
Agent Types
By Harrison Chase

      © Copyright 2023, Harrison Chase.

  Last updated on Jun 02, 2023.


.rst
.pdf
Toolkits
Toolkits#
Note
Conceptual Guide
This section of documentation covers agents with toolkits - eg an agent applied to a particular use case.
See below for a full list of agent toolkits
Azure Cognitive Services Toolkit
CSV Agent
Gmail Toolkit
Jira
JSON Agent
OpenAPI agents
Natural Language APIs
Pandas Dataframe Agent
PlayWright Browser Toolkit
PowerBI Dataset Agent
Python Agent
Spark Dataframe Agent
Spark SQL Agent
SQL Database Agent
Vectorstore Agent
previous
Structured Tool Chat Agent
next
Azure Cognitive Services Toolkit
By Harrison Chase

      © Copyright 2023, Harrison Chase.

  Last updated on Jun 02, 2023.


.rst
.pdf
Agent Executors
Agent Executors#
Note
Conceptual Guide
Agent executors take an agent and tools and use the agent to decide which tools to call and in what order.
In this part of the documentation we cover other related functionality to agent executors
How to combine agents and vectorstores
How to use the async API for Agents
How to create ChatGPT Clone
Handle Parsing Errors
How to access intermediate steps
How to cap the max number of iterations
How to use a timeout for the agent
How to add SharedMemory to an Agent and its Tools
previous
Vectorstore Agent
next
How to combine agents and vectorstores
By Harrison Chase

      © Copyright 2023, Harrison Chase.

  Last updated on Jun 02, 2023.


.ipynb
.pdf
Plan and Execute
 Contents
Plan and Execute
Imports
Tools
Planner, Executor, and Agent
Run Example
Plan and Execute#
Plan and execute agents accomplish an objective by first planning what to do, then executing the sub tasks. This idea is largely inspired by BabyAGI and then the “Plan-and-Solve” paper.
The planning is almost always done by an LLM.
The execution is usually done by a separate agent (equipped with tools).
Imports#
from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI
from langchain.experimental.plan_and_execute import PlanAndExecute, load_agent_executor, load_chat_planner
from langchain.llms import OpenAI
from langchain import SerpAPIWrapper
from langchain.agents.tools import Tool
from langchain import LLMMathChain
Tools#
search = SerpAPIWrapper()
llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)
llm_math_chain = LLMMathChain.from_llm(llm=llm, verbose=True)
tools = [
    Tool(
        name = "Search",
        func=search.run,
        description="useful for when you need to answer questions about current events"
    ),
    Tool(
        name="Calculator",
        func=llm_math_chain.run,
        description="useful for when you need to answer questions about math"
    ),
]
Planner, Executor, and Agent#
model = ChatOpenAI(temperature=0)
planner = load_chat_planner(model)
executor = load_agent_executor(model, tools, verbose=True)
agent = PlanAndExecute(planner=planner, executor=executor, verbose=True)
Run Example#
agent.run("Who is Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend? What is her current age raised to the 0.43 power?")


> Entering new PlanAndExecute chain...
steps=[Step(value="Search for Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend on the internet."), Step(value='Find her current age.'), Step(value='Raise her current age to the 0.43 power using a calculator or programming language.'), Step(value='Output the result.'), Step(value="Given the above steps taken, respond to the user's original question.\n\n")]
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain...
Action:
```
{
  "action": "Search",
  "action_input": "Who is Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend?"
}
```
Observation: DiCaprio broke up with girlfriend Camila Morrone, 25, in the summer of 2022, after dating for four years. He's since been linked to another famous supermodel – Gigi Hadid. The power couple were first supposedly an item in September after being spotted getting cozy during a party at New York Fashion Week.
Thought:Based on the previous observation, I can provide the answer to the current objective.
Action:
```
{
  "action": "Final Answer",
  "action_input": "Leo DiCaprio is currently linked to Gigi Hadid."
}
```
> Finished chain.
*****
Step: Search for Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend on the internet.
Response: Leo DiCaprio is currently linked to Gigi Hadid.
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain...
Action:
```
{
  "action": "Search",
  "action_input": "What is Gigi Hadid's current age?"
}
```
Observation: 28 years
Thought:Previous steps: steps=[(Step(value="Search for Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend on the internet."), StepResponse(response='Leo DiCaprio is currently linked to Gigi Hadid.'))]


Current objective: value='Find her current age.'
Action:
```
{
  "action": "Search",
  "action_input": "What is Gigi Hadid's current age?"
}
```
Observation: 28 years
Thought:Previous steps: steps=[(Step(value="Search for Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend on the internet."), StepResponse(response='Leo DiCaprio is currently linked to Gigi Hadid.')), (Step(value='Find her current age.'), StepResponse(response='28 years'))]
Current objective: None
Action:
```
{
  "action": "Final Answer",
  "action_input": "Gigi Hadid's current age is 28 years."
}
```
> Finished chain.
*****
Step: Find her current age.
Response: Gigi Hadid's current age is 28 years.
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain...
Action:
```
{
  "action": "Calculator",
  "action_input": "28 ** 0.43"
}
```
> Entering new LLMMathChain chain...
28 ** 0.43
```text
28 ** 0.43
```
...numexpr.evaluate("28 ** 0.43")...
Answer: 4.1906168361987195
> Finished chain.
Observation: Answer: 4.1906168361987195
Thought:The next step is to provide the answer to the user's question.
Action:
```
{
  "action": "Final Answer",
  "action_input": "Gigi Hadid's current age raised to the 0.43 power is approximately 4.19."
}
```
> Finished chain.
*****
Step: Raise her current age to the 0.43 power using a calculator or programming language.


Response: Gigi Hadid's current age raised to the 0.43 power is approximately 4.19.
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain...
Action:
```
{
  "action": "Final Answer",
  "action_input": "The result is approximately 4.19."
}
```
> Finished chain.
*****
Step: Output the result.
Response: The result is approximately 4.19.
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain...
Action:
```
{
  "action": "Final Answer",
  "action_input": "Gigi Hadid's current age raised to the 0.43 power is approximately 4.19."
}
```
> Finished chain.
*****
Step: Given the above steps taken, respond to the user's original question.
Response: Gigi Hadid's current age raised to the 0.43 power is approximately 4.19.
> Finished chain.
"Gigi Hadid's current age raised to the 0.43 power is approximately 4.19."
previous
How to add SharedMemory to an Agent and its Tools
next
Callbacks
 Contents

Plan and Execute
Imports
Tools
Planner, Executor, and Agent
Run Example
By Harrison Chase

      © Copyright 2023, Harrison Chase.

  Last updated on Jun 02, 2023.


.ipynb
.pdf
Getting Started
Getting Started#
Agents use an LLM to determine which actions to take and in what order.
An action can either be using a tool and observing its output, or returning to the user.
When used correctly agents can be extremely powerful. The purpose of this notebook is to show you how to easily use agents through the simplest, highest level API.
In order to load agents, you should understand the following concepts:
Tool: A function that performs a specific duty. This can be things like: Google Search, Database lookup, Python REPL, other chains. The interface for a tool is currently a function that is expected to have a string as an input, with a string as an output.
LLM: The language model powering the agent.
Agent: The agent to use. This should be a string that references a support agent class. Because this notebook focuses on the simplest, highest level API, this only covers using the standard supported agents. If you want to implement a custom agent, see the documentation for custom agents.
Agents: For a list of supported agents and their specifications, see here.
Tools: For a list of predefined tools and their specifications, see here.
from langchain.agents import load_tools
from langchain.agents import initialize_agent
from langchain.agents import AgentType
from langchain.llms import OpenAI
First, let’s load the language model we’re going to use to control the agent.
llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)
Next, let’s load some tools to use. Note that the llm-math tool uses an LLM, so we need to pass that in.
tools = load_tools(["serpapi", "llm-math"], llm=llm)
Finally, let’s initialize an agent with the tools, the language model, and the type of agent we want to use.


agent = initialize_agent(tools, llm, agent=AgentType.ZERO_SHOT_REACT_DESCRIPTION, verbose=True)
Now let’s test it out!
agent.run("Who is Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend? What is her current age raised to the 0.43 power?")
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain...
 I need to find out who Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend is and then calculate her age raised to the 0.43 power.
Action: Search
Action Input: "Leo DiCaprio girlfriend"
Observation: Camila Morrone
Thought: I need to find out Camila Morrone's age
Action: Search
Action Input: "Camila Morrone age"
Observation: 25 years
Thought: I need to calculate 25 raised to the 0.43 power
Action: Calculator
Action Input: 25^0.43
Observation: Answer: 3.991298452658078
Thought: I now know the final answer
Final Answer: Camila Morrone is Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend and her current age raised to the 0.43 power is 3.991298452658078.
> Finished chain.
"Camila Morrone is Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend and her current age raised to the 0.43 power is 3.991298452658078."
previous
Agents
next
Tools
By Harrison Chase

      © Copyright 2023, Harrison Chase.

  Last updated on Jun 02, 2023.


.ipynb
.pdf
Defining Custom Tools
 Contents
Completely New Tools - String Input and Output
Tool dataclass
Subclassing the BaseTool class
Using the tool decorator
Custom Structured Tools
StructuredTool dataclass
Subclassing the BaseTool
Using the decorator
Modify existing tools
Defining the priorities among Tools
Using tools to return directly
Handling Tool Errors
Defining Custom Tools#
When constructing your own agent, you will need to provide it with a list of Tools that it can use. Besides the actual function that is called, the Tool consists of several components:
name (str), is required and must be unique within a set of tools provided to an agent
description (str), is optional but recommended, as it is used by an agent to determine tool use
return_direct (bool), defaults to False
args_schema (Pydantic BaseModel), is optional but recommended, can be used to provide more information (e.g., few-shot examples) or validation for expected parameters.
There are two main ways to define a tool, we will cover both in the example below.
# Import things that are needed generically
from langchain import LLMMathChain, SerpAPIWrapper
from langchain.agents import AgentType, initialize_agent
from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI
from langchain.tools import BaseTool, StructuredTool, Tool, tool
Initialize the LLM to use for the agent.
llm = ChatOpenAI(temperature=0)
Completely New Tools - String Input and Output#
The simplest tools accept a single query string and return a string output. If your tool function requires multiple arguments, you might want to skip down to the StructuredTool section below.
There are two ways to do this: either by using the Tool dataclass, or by subclassing the BaseTool class.
Tool dataclass#


Tool dataclass#
The ‘Tool’ dataclass wraps functions that accept a single string input and returns a string output.
# Load the tool configs that are needed.
search = SerpAPIWrapper()
llm_math_chain = LLMMathChain(llm=llm, verbose=True)
tools = [
    Tool.from_function(
        func=search.run,
        name = "Search",
        description="useful for when you need to answer questions about current events"
        # coroutine= ... <- you can specify an async method if desired as well
    ),
]
/Users/wfh/code/lc/lckg/langchain/chains/llm_math/base.py:50: UserWarning: Directly instantiating an LLMMathChain with an llm is deprecated. Please instantiate with llm_chain argument or using the from_llm class method.
  warnings.warn(
You can also define a custom `args_schema`` to provide more information about inputs.
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
class CalculatorInput(BaseModel):
    question: str = Field()

tools.append(
    Tool.from_function(
        func=llm_math_chain.run,
        name="Calculator",
        description="useful for when you need to answer questions about math",
        args_schema=CalculatorInput
        # coroutine= ... <- you can specify an async method if desired as well
    )
)
# Construct the agent. We will use the default agent type here.
# See documentation for a full list of options.
agent = initialize_agent(tools, llm, agent=AgentType.ZERO_SHOT_REACT_DESCRIPTION, verbose=True)
agent.run("Who is Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend? What is her current age raised to the 0.43 power?")
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain...


> Entering new AgentExecutor chain...
I need to find out Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend's name and her age
Action: Search
Action Input: "Leo DiCaprio girlfriend"
Observation: After rumours of a romance with Gigi Hadid, the Oscar winner has seemingly moved on. First being linked to the television personality in September 2022, it appears as if his "age bracket" has moved up. This follows his rumoured relationship with mere 19-year-old Eden Polani.
Thought:I still need to find out his current girlfriend's name and age
Action: Search
Action Input: "Leo DiCaprio current girlfriend"
Observation: Just Jared on Instagram: “Leonardo DiCaprio & girlfriend Camila Morrone couple up for a lunch date!
Thought:Now that I know his girlfriend's name is Camila Morrone, I need to find her current age
Action: Search
Action Input: "Camila Morrone age"
Observation: 25 years
Thought:Now that I have her age, I need to calculate her age raised to the 0.43 power
Action: Calculator
Action Input: 25^(0.43)
> Entering new LLMMathChain chain...
25^(0.43)```text
25**(0.43)
```
...numexpr.evaluate("25**(0.43)")...
Answer: 3.991298452658078
> Finished chain.
Observation: Answer: 3.991298452658078
Thought:I now know the final answer
Final Answer: Camila Morrone's current age raised to the 0.43 power is approximately 3.99.
> Finished chain.
"Camila Morrone's current age raised to the 0.43 power is approximately 3.99."
Subclassing the BaseTool class#


Subclassing the BaseTool class#
You can also directly subclass BaseTool. This is useful if you want more control over the instance variables or if you want to propagate callbacks to nested chains or other tools.
from typing import Optional, Type
from langchain.callbacks.manager import AsyncCallbackManagerForToolRun, CallbackManagerForToolRun
class CustomSearchTool(BaseTool):
    name = "custom_search"
    description = "useful for when you need to answer questions about current events"
    def _run(self, query: str, run_manager: Optional[CallbackManagerForToolRun] = None) -> str:
        """Use the tool."""
        return search.run(query)

    async def _arun(self, query: str, run_manager: Optional[AsyncCallbackManagerForToolRun] = None) -> str:
        """Use the tool asynchronously."""
        raise NotImplementedError("custom_search does not support async")

class CustomCalculatorTool(BaseTool):
    name = "Calculator"
    description = "useful for when you need to answer questions about math"
    args_schema: Type[BaseModel] = CalculatorInput
    def _run(self, query: str, run_manager: Optional[CallbackManagerForToolRun] = None) -> str:
        """Use the tool."""
        return llm_math_chain.run(query)

    async def _arun(self, query: str,  run_manager: Optional[AsyncCallbackManagerForToolRun] = None) -> str:
        """Use the tool asynchronously."""
        raise NotImplementedError("Calculator does not support async")
tools = [CustomSearchTool(), CustomCalculatorTool()]
agent = initialize_agent(tools, llm, agent=AgentType.ZERO_SHOT_REACT_DESCRIPTION, verbose=True)


agent.run("Who is Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend? What is her current age raised to the 0.43 power?")
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain...
I need to use custom_search to find out who Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend is, and then use the Calculator to raise her age to the 0.43 power.
Action: custom_search
Action Input: "Leo DiCaprio girlfriend"
Observation: After rumours of a romance with Gigi Hadid, the Oscar winner has seemingly moved on. First being linked to the television personality in September 2022, it appears as if his "age bracket" has moved up. This follows his rumoured relationship with mere 19-year-old Eden Polani.
Thought:I need to find out the current age of Eden Polani.
Action: custom_search
Action Input: "Eden Polani age"
Observation: 19 years old
Thought:Now I can use the Calculator to raise her age to the 0.43 power.
Action: Calculator
Action Input: 19 ^ 0.43
> Entering new LLMMathChain chain...
19 ^ 0.43```text
19 ** 0.43
```
...numexpr.evaluate("19 ** 0.43")...
Answer: 3.547023357958959
> Finished chain.
Observation: Answer: 3.547023357958959
Thought:I now know the final answer.
Final Answer: 3.547023357958959
> Finished chain.
'3.547023357958959'
Using the tool decorator#


'3.547023357958959'
Using the tool decorator#
To make it easier to define custom tools, a @tool decorator is provided. This decorator can be used to quickly create a Tool from a simple function. The decorator uses the function name as the tool name by default, but this can be overridden by passing a string as the first argument. Additionally, the decorator will use the function’s docstring as the tool’s description.
from langchain.tools import tool
@tool
def search_api(query: str) -> str:
    """Searches the API for the query."""
    return f"Results for query {query}"
search_api
You can also provide arguments like the tool name and whether to return directly.
@tool("search", return_direct=True)
def search_api(query: str) -> str:
    """Searches the API for the query."""
    return "Results"
search_api
Tool(name='search', description='search(query: str) -> str - Searches the API for the query.', args_schema=<class 'pydantic.main.SearchApi'>, return_direct=True, verbose=False, callback_manager=<langchain.callbacks.shared.SharedCallbackManager object at 0x12748c4c0>, func=<function search_api at 0x16bd66310>, coroutine=None)
You can also provide args_schema to provide more information about the argument
class SearchInput(BaseModel):
    query: str = Field(description="should be a search query")

@tool("search", return_direct=True, args_schema=SearchInput)
def search_api(query: str) -> str:
    """Searches the API for the query."""
    return "Results"
search_api


"""Searches the API for the query."""
    return "Results"
search_api
Tool(name='search', description='search(query: str) -> str - Searches the API for the query.', args_schema=<class '__main__.SearchInput'>, return_direct=True, verbose=False, callback_manager=<langchain.callbacks.shared.SharedCallbackManager object at 0x12748c4c0>, func=<function search_api at 0x16bcf0ee0>, coroutine=None)
Custom Structured Tools#
If your functions require more structured arguments, you can use the StructuredTool class directly, or still subclass the BaseTool class.
StructuredTool dataclass#
To dynamically generate a structured tool from a given function, the fastest way to get started is with StructuredTool.from_function().
import requests
from langchain.tools import StructuredTool
def post_message(url: str, body: dict, parameters: Optional[dict] = None) -> str:
    """Sends a POST request to the given url with the given body and parameters."""
    result = requests.post(url, json=body, params=parameters)
    return f"Status: {result.status_code} - {result.text}"
tool = StructuredTool.from_function(post_message)
Subclassing the BaseTool#
The BaseTool automatically infers the schema from the _run method’s signature.
from typing import Optional, Type
from langchain.callbacks.manager import AsyncCallbackManagerForToolRun, CallbackManagerForToolRun

class CustomSearchTool(BaseTool):
    name = "custom_search"
    description = "useful for when you need to answer questions about current events"


description = "useful for when you need to answer questions about current events"
    def _run(self, query: str, engine: str = "google", gl: str = "us", hl: str = "en", run_manager: Optional[CallbackManagerForToolRun] = None) -> str:
        """Use the tool."""
        search_wrapper = SerpAPIWrapper(params={"engine": engine, "gl": gl, "hl": hl})
        return search_wrapper.run(query)

    async def _arun(self, query: str,  engine: str = "google", gl: str = "us", hl: str = "en", run_manager: Optional[AsyncCallbackManagerForToolRun] = None) -> str:
        """Use the tool asynchronously."""
        raise NotImplementedError("custom_search does not support async")
# You can provide a custom args schema to add descriptions or custom validation
class SearchSchema(BaseModel):
    query: str = Field(description="should be a search query")
    engine: str = Field(description="should be a search engine")
    gl: str = Field(description="should be a country code")
    hl: str = Field(description="should be a language code")
class CustomSearchTool(BaseTool):
    name = "custom_search"
    description = "useful for when you need to answer questions about current events"
    args_schema: Type[SearchSchema] = SearchSchema
    def _run(self, query: str, engine: str = "google", gl: str = "us", hl: str = "en", run_manager: Optional[CallbackManagerForToolRun] = None) -> str:
        """Use the tool."""
        search_wrapper = SerpAPIWrapper(params={"engine": engine, "gl": gl, "hl": hl})
        return search_wrapper.run(query)


return search_wrapper.run(query)

    async def _arun(self, query: str,  engine: str = "google", gl: str = "us", hl: str = "en", run_manager: Optional[AsyncCallbackManagerForToolRun] = None) -> str:
        """Use the tool asynchronously."""
        raise NotImplementedError("custom_search does not support async")

Using the decorator#
The tool decorator creates a structured tool automatically if the signature has multiple arguments.
import requests
from langchain.tools import tool
@tool
def post_message(url: str, body: dict, parameters: Optional[dict] = None) -> str:
    """Sends a POST request to the given url with the given body and parameters."""
    result = requests.post(url, json=body, params=parameters)
    return f"Status: {result.status_code} - {result.text}"
Modify existing tools#
Now, we show how to load existing tools and modify them directly. In the example below, we do something really simple and change the Search tool to have the name Google Search.
from langchain.agents import load_tools
tools = load_tools(["serpapi", "llm-math"], llm=llm)
tools[0].name = "Google Search"
agent = initialize_agent(tools, llm, agent=AgentType.ZERO_SHOT_REACT_DESCRIPTION, verbose=True)
agent.run("Who is Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend? What is her current age raised to the 0.43 power?")
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain...
I need to find out Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend's name and her age.
Action: Google Search
Action Input: "Leo DiCaprio girlfriend"


Action: Google Search
Action Input: "Leo DiCaprio girlfriend"
Observation: After rumours of a romance with Gigi Hadid, the Oscar winner has seemingly moved on. First being linked to the television personality in September 2022, it appears as if his "age bracket" has moved up. This follows his rumoured relationship with mere 19-year-old Eden Polani.
Thought:I still need to find out his current girlfriend's name and her age.
Action: Google Search
Action Input: "Leo DiCaprio current girlfriend age"
Observation: Leonardo DiCaprio has been linked with 19-year-old model Eden Polani, continuing the rumour that he doesn't date any women over the age of ...
Thought:I need to find out the age of Eden Polani.
Action: Calculator
Action Input: 19^(0.43)
Observation: Answer: 3.547023357958959
Thought:I now know the final answer.
Final Answer: The age of Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend raised to the 0.43 power is approximately 3.55.
> Finished chain.
"The age of Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend raised to the 0.43 power is approximately 3.55."
Defining the priorities among Tools#
When you made a Custom tool, you may want the Agent to use the custom tool more than normal tools.
For example, you made a custom tool, which gets information on music from your database. When a user wants information on songs, You want the Agent to use  the custom tool more than the normal Search tool. But the Agent might prioritize a normal Search tool.
This can be accomplished by adding a statement such as Use this more than the normal search if the question is about Music, like 'who is the singer of yesterday?' or 'what is the most popular song in 2022?' to the description.


An example is below.
# Import things that are needed generically
from langchain.agents import initialize_agent, Tool
from langchain.agents import AgentType
from langchain.llms import OpenAI
from langchain import LLMMathChain, SerpAPIWrapper
search = SerpAPIWrapper()
tools = [
    Tool(
        name = "Search",
        func=search.run,
        description="useful for when you need to answer questions about current events"
    ),
    Tool(
        name="Music Search",
        func=lambda x: "'All I Want For Christmas Is You' by Mariah Carey.", #Mock Function
        description="A Music search engine. Use this more than the normal search if the question is about Music, like 'who is the singer of yesterday?' or 'what is the most popular song in 2022?'",
    )
]
agent = initialize_agent(tools, OpenAI(temperature=0), agent=AgentType.ZERO_SHOT_REACT_DESCRIPTION, verbose=True)
agent.run("what is the most famous song of christmas")
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain...
 I should use a music search engine to find the answer
Action: Music Search
Action Input: most famous song of christmas'All I Want For Christmas Is You' by Mariah Carey. I now know the final answer
Final Answer: 'All I Want For Christmas Is You' by Mariah Carey.
> Finished chain.
"'All I Want For Christmas Is You' by Mariah Carey."
Using tools to return directly#
Often, it can be desirable to have a tool output returned directly to the user, if it’s called. You can do this easily with LangChain by setting the return_direct flag for a tool to be True.
llm_math_chain = LLMMathChain(llm=llm)
tools = [


llm_math_chain = LLMMathChain(llm=llm)
tools = [
    Tool(
        name="Calculator",
        func=llm_math_chain.run,
        description="useful for when you need to answer questions about math",
        return_direct=True
    )
]
llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)
agent = initialize_agent(tools, llm, agent=AgentType.ZERO_SHOT_REACT_DESCRIPTION, verbose=True)
agent.run("whats 2**.12")
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain...
 I need to calculate this
Action: Calculator
Action Input: 2**.12Answer: 1.086734862526058
> Finished chain.
'Answer: 1.086734862526058'
Handling Tool Errors#
When a tool encounters an error and the exception is not caught, the agent will stop executing. If you want the agent to continue execution, you can raise a ToolException and set handle_tool_error accordingly.
When ToolException is thrown, the agent will not stop working, but will handle the exception according to the handle_tool_error variable of the tool, and the processing result will be returned to the agent as observation, and printed in red.
You can set handle_tool_error to True, set it a unified string value, or set it as a function. If it’s set as a function, the function should take a ToolException as a parameter and return a str value.
Please note that only raising a ToolException won’t be effective. You need to first set the handle_tool_error of the tool because its default value is False.
from langchain.schema import ToolException
from langchain import SerpAPIWrapper
from langchain.agents import AgentType, initialize_agent
from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI
from langchain.tools import Tool


from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI
from langchain.tools import Tool
from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI
def _handle_error(error:ToolException) -> str:
    return  "The following errors occurred during tool execution:" + error.args[0]+ "Please try another tool."
def search_tool1(s: str):raise ToolException("The search tool1 is not available.")
def search_tool2(s: str):raise ToolException("The search tool2 is not available.")
search_tool3 = SerpAPIWrapper()
description="useful for when you need to answer questions about current events.You should give priority to using it."
tools = [
    Tool.from_function(
        func=search_tool1,
        name="Search_tool1",
        description=description,
        handle_tool_error=True,
    ),
    Tool.from_function(
        func=search_tool2,
        name="Search_tool2",
        description=description,
        handle_tool_error=_handle_error,
    ),
    Tool.from_function(
        func=search_tool3.run,
        name="Search_tool3",
        description="useful for when you need to answer questions about current events",
    ),
]
agent = initialize_agent(
    tools,
    ChatOpenAI(temperature=0),
    agent=AgentType.ZERO_SHOT_REACT_DESCRIPTION,
    verbose=True,
)
agent.run("Who is Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend?")
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain...
I should use Search_tool1 to find recent news articles about Leo DiCaprio's personal life.
Action: Search_tool1
Action Input: "Leo DiCaprio girlfriend"
Observation: The search tool1 is not available.
Thought:I should try using Search_tool2 instead.
Action: Search_tool2


Thought:I should try using Search_tool2 instead.
Action: Search_tool2
Action Input: "Leo DiCaprio girlfriend"
Observation: The following errors occurred during tool execution:The search tool2 is not available.Please try another tool.
Thought:I should try using Search_tool3 as a last resort.
Action: Search_tool3
Action Input: "Leo DiCaprio girlfriend"
Observation: Leonardo DiCaprio and Gigi Hadid were recently spotted at a pre-Oscars party, sparking interest once again in their rumored romance. The Revenant actor and the model first made headlines when they were spotted together at a New York Fashion Week afterparty in September 2022.
Thought:Based on the information from Search_tool3, it seems that Gigi Hadid is currently rumored to be Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend.
Final Answer: Gigi Hadid is currently rumored to be Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend.
> Finished chain.
"Gigi Hadid is currently rumored to be Leo DiCaprio's girlfriend."
previous
Getting Started
next
Multi-Input Tools
 Contents

Completely New Tools - String Input and Output
Tool dataclass
Subclassing the BaseTool class
Using the tool decorator
Custom Structured Tools
StructuredTool dataclass
Subclassing the BaseTool
Using the decorator
Modify existing tools
Defining the priorities among Tools
Using tools to return directly
Handling Tool Errors
By Harrison Chase

      © Copyright 2023, Harrison Chase.

  Last updated on Jun 02, 2023.


.ipynb
.pdf
Tool Input Schema
Tool Input Schema#
By default, tools infer the argument schema by inspecting the function signature. For more strict requirements, custom input schema can be specified, along with custom validation logic.
from typing import Any, Dict
from langchain.agents import AgentType, initialize_agent
from langchain.llms import OpenAI
from langchain.tools.requests.tool import RequestsGetTool, TextRequestsWrapper
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, root_validator
llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)
!pip install tldextract > /dev/null
[notice] A new release of pip is available: 23.0.1 -> 23.1
[notice] To update, run: pip install --upgrade pip
import tldextract
_APPROVED_DOMAINS = {
    "langchain",
    "wikipedia",
}
class ToolInputSchema(BaseModel):
    url: str = Field(...)

    @root_validator
    def validate_query(cls, values: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict:
        url = values["url"]
        domain = tldextract.extract(url).domain
        if domain not in _APPROVED_DOMAINS:
            raise ValueError(f"Domain {domain} is not on the approved list:"
                             f" {sorted(_APPROVED_DOMAINS)}")
        return values

tool = RequestsGetTool(args_schema=ToolInputSchema, requests_wrapper=TextRequestsWrapper())
agent = initialize_agent([tool], llm, agent=AgentType.ZERO_SHOT_REACT_DESCRIPTION, verbose=False)
# This will succeed, since there aren't any arguments that will be triggered during validation
answer = agent.run("What's the main title on langchain.com?")
print(answer)


print(answer)
The main title of langchain.com is "LANG CHAIN 🦜🔗 Official Home Page"
agent.run("What's the main title on google.com?")
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValidationError                           Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[7], line 1
----> 1 agent.run("What's the main title on google.com?")
File ~/code/lc/lckg/langchain/chains/base.py:213, in Chain.run(self, *args, **kwargs)
    211     if len(args) != 1:
    212         raise ValueError("`run` supports only one positional argument.")
--> 213     return self(args[0])[self.output_keys[0]]
    215 if kwargs and not args:
    216     return self(kwargs)[self.output_keys[0]]
File ~/code/lc/lckg/langchain/chains/base.py:116, in Chain.__call__(self, inputs, return_only_outputs)
    114 except (KeyboardInterrupt, Exception) as e:
    115     self.callback_manager.on_chain_error(e, verbose=self.verbose)
--> 116     raise e
    117 self.callback_manager.on_chain_end(outputs, verbose=self.verbose)
    118 return self.prep_outputs(inputs, outputs, return_only_outputs)
File ~/code/lc/lckg/langchain/chains/base.py:113, in Chain.__call__(self, inputs, return_only_outputs)
    107 self.callback_manager.on_chain_start(
    108     {"name": self.__class__.__name__},
    109     inputs,
    110     verbose=self.verbose,
    111 )
    112 try:
--> 113     outputs = self._call(inputs)
    114 except (KeyboardInterrupt, Exception) as e:


114 except (KeyboardInterrupt, Exception) as e:
    115     self.callback_manager.on_chain_error(e, verbose=self.verbose)
File ~/code/lc/lckg/langchain/agents/agent.py:792, in AgentExecutor._call(self, inputs)
    790 # We now enter the agent loop (until it returns something).
    791 while self._should_continue(iterations, time_elapsed):
--> 792     next_step_output = self._take_next_step(
    793         name_to_tool_map, color_mapping, inputs, intermediate_steps
    794     )
    795     if isinstance(next_step_output, AgentFinish):
    796         return self._return(next_step_output, intermediate_steps)
File ~/code/lc/lckg/langchain/agents/agent.py:695, in AgentExecutor._take_next_step(self, name_to_tool_map, color_mapping, inputs, intermediate_steps)
    693         tool_run_kwargs["llm_prefix"] = ""
    694     # We then call the tool on the tool input to get an observation
--> 695     observation = tool.run(
    696         agent_action.tool_input,
    697         verbose=self.verbose,
    698         color=color,
    699         **tool_run_kwargs,
    700     )
    701 else:
    702     tool_run_kwargs = self.agent.tool_run_logging_kwargs()
File ~/code/lc/lckg/langchain/tools/base.py:110, in BaseTool.run(self, tool_input, verbose, start_color, color, **kwargs)
    101 def run(
    102     self,
    103     tool_input: Union[str, Dict],
   (...)
    107     **kwargs: Any,
    108 ) -> str:


107     **kwargs: Any,
    108 ) -> str:
    109     """Run the tool."""
--> 110     run_input = self._parse_input(tool_input)
    111     if not self.verbose and verbose is not None:
    112         verbose_ = verbose
File ~/code/lc/lckg/langchain/tools/base.py:71, in BaseTool._parse_input(self, tool_input)
     69 if issubclass(input_args, BaseModel):
     70     key_ = next(iter(input_args.__fields__.keys()))
---> 71     input_args.parse_obj({key_: tool_input})
     72 # Passing as a positional argument is more straightforward for
     73 # backwards compatability
     74 return tool_input
File ~/code/lc/lckg/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic/main.py:526, in pydantic.main.BaseModel.parse_obj()
File ~/code/lc/lckg/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic/main.py:341, in pydantic.main.BaseModel.__init__()
ValidationError: 1 validation error for ToolInputSchema
__root__
  Domain google is not on the approved list: ['langchain', 'wikipedia'] (type=value_error)
previous
Multi-Input Tools
next
Apify
By Harrison Chase

      © Copyright 2023, Harrison Chase.

  Last updated on Jun 02, 2023.


.ipynb
.pdf
Multi-Input Tools
 Contents
Multi-Input Tools with a string format
Multi-Input Tools#
This notebook shows how to use a tool that requires multiple inputs with an agent. The recommended way to do so is with the StructuredTool class.
import os
os.environ["LANGCHAIN_TRACING"] = "true"
from langchain import OpenAI
from langchain.agents import initialize_agent, AgentType
llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)
from langchain.tools import StructuredTool
def multiplier(a: float, b: float) -> float:
    """Multiply the provided floats."""
    return a * b
tool = StructuredTool.from_function(multiplier)
# Structured tools are compatible with the STRUCTURED_CHAT_ZERO_SHOT_REACT_DESCRIPTION agent type.
agent_executor = initialize_agent([tool], llm, agent=AgentType.STRUCTURED_CHAT_ZERO_SHOT_REACT_DESCRIPTION, verbose=True)
agent_executor.run("What is 3 times 4")
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain...
Thought: I need to multiply 3 and 4
Action:
```
{
  "action": "multiplier",
  "action_input": {"a": 3, "b": 4}
}
```
Observation: 12
Thought: I know what to respond
Action:
```
{
  "action": "Final Answer",
  "action_input": "3 times 4 is 12"
}
```
> Finished chain.
'3 times 4 is 12'
Multi-Input Tools with a string format#


'3 times 4 is 12'
Multi-Input Tools with a string format#
An alternative to the structured tool would be to use the regular Tool class and accept a single string. The tool would then have to handle the parsing logic to extract the relavent values from the text, which tightly couples the tool representation to the agent prompt. This is still useful if the underlying language model can’t reliabl generate structured schema.
Let’s take the multiplication function as an example. In order to use this, we will tell the agent to generate the “Action Input” as a comma-separated list of length two. We will then write a thin wrapper that takes a string, splits it into two around a comma, and passes both parsed sides as integers to the multiplication function.
from langchain.llms import OpenAI
from langchain.agents import initialize_agent, Tool
from langchain.agents import AgentType
Here is the multiplication function, as well as a wrapper to parse a string as input.
def multiplier(a, b):
    return a * b
def parsing_multiplier(string):
    a, b = string.split(",")
    return multiplier(int(a), int(b))
llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)
tools = [
    Tool(
        name = "Multiplier",
        func=parsing_multiplier,
        description="useful for when you need to multiply two numbers together. The input to this tool should be a comma separated list of numbers of length two, representing the two numbers you want to multiply together. For example, `1,2` would be the input if you wanted to multiply 1 by 2."
    )
]
mrkl = initialize_agent(tools, llm, agent=AgentType.ZERO_SHOT_REACT_DESCRIPTION, verbose=True)
mrkl.run("What is 3 times 4")
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain...


> Entering new AgentExecutor chain...
 I need to multiply two numbers
Action: Multiplier
Action Input: 3,4
Observation: 12
Thought: I now know the final answer
Final Answer: 3 times 4 is 12
> Finished chain.
'3 times 4 is 12'
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Defining Custom Tools
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Tool Input Schema
 Contents

Multi-Input Tools with a string format
By Harrison Chase

      © Copyright 2023, Harrison Chase.

  Last updated on Jun 02, 2023.


.md
.pdf
Getting Started
 Contents
List of Tools
Getting Started#
Tools are functions that agents can use to interact with the world.
These tools can be generic utilities (e.g. search), other chains, or even other agents.
Currently, tools can be loaded with the following snippet:
from langchain.agents import load_tools
tool_names = [...]
tools = load_tools(tool_names)
Some tools (e.g. chains, agents) may require a base LLM to use to initialize them.
In that case, you can pass in an LLM as well:
from langchain.agents import load_tools
tool_names = [...]
llm = ...
tools = load_tools(tool_names, llm=llm)
Below is a list of all supported tools and relevant information:
Tool Name: The name the LLM refers to the tool by.
Tool Description: The description of the tool that is passed to the LLM.
Notes: Notes about the tool that are NOT passed to the LLM.
Requires LLM: Whether this tool requires an LLM to be initialized.
(Optional) Extra Parameters: What extra parameters are required to initialize this tool.
List of Tools#
python_repl
Tool Name: Python REPL
Tool Description: A Python shell. Use this to execute python commands. Input should be a valid python command. If you expect output it should be printed out.
Notes: Maintains state.
Requires LLM: No
serpapi
Tool Name: Search
Tool Description: A search engine. Useful for when you need to answer questions about current events. Input should be a search query.
Notes: Calls the Serp API and then parses results.
Requires LLM: No
wolfram-alpha
Tool Name: Wolfram Alpha


Requires LLM: No
wolfram-alpha
Tool Name: Wolfram Alpha
Tool Description: A wolfram alpha search engine. Useful for when you need to answer questions about Math, Science, Technology, Culture, Society and Everyday Life. Input should be a search query.
Notes: Calls the Wolfram Alpha API and then parses results.
Requires LLM: No
Extra Parameters: wolfram_alpha_appid: The Wolfram Alpha app id.
requests
Tool Name: Requests
Tool Description: A portal to the internet. Use this when you need to get specific content from a site. Input should be a specific url, and the output will be all the text on that page.
Notes: Uses the Python requests module.
Requires LLM: No
terminal
Tool Name: Terminal
Tool Description: Executes commands in a terminal. Input should be valid commands, and the output will be any output from running that command.
Notes: Executes commands with subprocess.
Requires LLM: No
pal-math
Tool Name: PAL-MATH
Tool Description: A language model that is excellent at solving complex word math problems. Input should be a fully worded hard word math problem.
Notes: Based on this paper.
Requires LLM: Yes
pal-colored-objects
Tool Name: PAL-COLOR-OBJ
Tool Description: A language model that is wonderful at reasoning about position and the color attributes of objects. Input should be a fully worded hard reasoning problem. Make sure to include all information about the objects AND the final question you want to answer.
Notes: Based on this paper.
Requires LLM: Yes
llm-math
Tool Name: Calculator
Tool Description: Useful for when you need to answer questions about math.
Notes: An instance of the LLMMath chain.
Requires LLM: Yes
open-meteo-api
Tool Name: Open Meteo API


Requires LLM: Yes
open-meteo-api
Tool Name: Open Meteo API
Tool Description: Useful for when you want to get weather information from the OpenMeteo API. The input should be a question in natural language that this API can answer.
Notes: A natural language connection to the Open Meteo API (https://api.open-meteo.com/), specifically the /v1/forecast endpoint.
Requires LLM: Yes
news-api
Tool Name: News API
Tool Description: Use this when you want to get information about the top headlines of current news stories. The input should be a question in natural language that this API can answer.
Notes: A natural language connection to the News API (https://newsapi.org), specifically the /v2/top-headlines endpoint.
Requires LLM: Yes
Extra Parameters: news_api_key (your API key to access this endpoint)
tmdb-api
Tool Name: TMDB API
Tool Description: Useful for when you want to get information from The Movie Database. The input should be a question in natural language that this API can answer.
Notes: A natural language connection to the TMDB API (https://api.themoviedb.org/3), specifically the /search/movie endpoint.
Requires LLM: Yes
Extra Parameters: tmdb_bearer_token (your Bearer Token to access this endpoint - note that this is different from the API key)
google-search
Tool Name: Search
Tool Description: A wrapper around Google Search. Useful for when you need to answer questions about current events. Input should be a search query.
Notes: Uses the Google Custom Search API
Requires LLM: No
Extra Parameters: google_api_key, google_cse_id
For more information on this, see this page
searx-search
Tool Name: Search


For more information on this, see this page
searx-search
Tool Name: Search
Tool Description: A wrapper around SearxNG meta search engine. Input should be a search query.
Notes: SearxNG is easy to deploy self-hosted. It is a good privacy friendly alternative to Google Search. Uses the SearxNG API.
Requires LLM: No
Extra Parameters: searx_host
google-serper
Tool Name: Search
Tool Description: A low-cost Google Search API. Useful for when you need to answer questions about current events. Input should be a search query.
Notes: Calls the serper.dev Google Search API and then parses results.
Requires LLM: No
Extra Parameters: serper_api_key
For more information on this, see this page
wikipedia
Tool Name: Wikipedia
Tool Description: A wrapper around Wikipedia. Useful for when you need to answer general questions about people, places, companies, historical events, or other subjects. Input should be a search query.
Notes: Uses the wikipedia Python package to call the MediaWiki API and then parses results.
Requires LLM: No
Extra Parameters: top_k_results
podcast-api
Tool Name: Podcast API
Tool Description: Use the Listen Notes Podcast API to search all podcasts or episodes. The input should be a question in natural language that this API can answer.
Notes: A natural language connection to the Listen Notes Podcast API (https://www.PodcastAPI.com), specifically the /search/ endpoint.
Requires LLM: Yes
Extra Parameters: listen_api_key (your api key to access this endpoint)
openweathermap-api
Tool Name: OpenWeatherMap
Tool Description: A wrapper around OpenWeatherMap API. Useful for fetching current weather information for a specified location. Input should be a location string (e.g. London,GB).


Notes: A connection to the OpenWeatherMap API (https://api.openweathermap.org), specifically the /data/2.5/weather endpoint.
Requires LLM: No
Extra Parameters: openweathermap_api_key (your API key to access this endpoint)
previous
Tools
next
Defining Custom Tools
 Contents

List of Tools
By Harrison Chase

      © Copyright 2023, Harrison Chase.

  Last updated on Jun 02, 2023.


.ipynb
.pdf
Google Search
 Contents
Number of Results
Metadata Results
Google Search#
This notebook goes over how to use the google search component.
First, you need to set up the proper API keys and environment variables. To set it up, create the GOOGLE_API_KEY in the Google Cloud credential console (https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials) and a GOOGLE_CSE_ID using the Programmable Search Enginge (https://programmablesearchengine.google.com/controlpanel/create). Next, it is good to follow the instructions found here.
Then we will need to set some environment variables.
import os
os.environ["GOOGLE_CSE_ID"] = ""
os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"] = ""
from langchain.tools import Tool
from langchain.utilities import GoogleSearchAPIWrapper
search = GoogleSearchAPIWrapper()
tool = Tool(
    name = "Google Search",
    description="Search Google for recent results.",
    func=search.run
)
tool.run("Obama's first name?")


"STATE OF HAWAII. 1 Child's First Name. (Type or print). 2. Sex. BARACK. 3. This Birth. CERTIFICATE OF LIVE BIRTH. FILE. NUMBER 151 le. lb. Middle Name. Barack Hussein Obama II is an American former politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic\xa0... When Barack Obama was elected president in 2008, he became the first African American to hold ... The Middle East remained a key foreign policy challenge. Jan 19, 2017 ... Jordan Barack Treasure, New York City, born in 2008 ... Jordan Barack Treasure made national news when he was the focus of a New York newspaper\xa0... Portrait of George Washington, the 1st President of the United States ... Portrait of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States\xa0... His full name is Barack Hussein Obama II. Since the “II” is simply because he was named for his father, his last name is Obama. Mar 22, 2008 ... Barry Obama decided that he didn't like his nickname. A few of his friends at Occidental College had already begun to call him Barack (his\xa0... Aug 18, 2017 ... It took him several seconds and multiple clues to remember former President Barack Obama's first name. Miller knew that every answer had to\xa0... Feb 9, 2015 ... Michael Jordan misspelled Barack Obama's first name on 50th-birthday gift ... Knowing Obama is a Chicagoan and huge basketball fan,\xa0... 4 days ago ... Barack Obama, in full Barack Hussein Obama II, (born August 4, 1961, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.), 44th president of the United States (2009–17) and\xa0..."
Number of Results#


Number of Results#
You can use the k parameter to set the number of results
search = GoogleSearchAPIWrapper(k=1)
tool = Tool(
    name = "I'm Feeling Lucky",
    description="Search Google and return the first result.",
    func=search.run
)
tool.run("python")
'The official home of the Python Programming Language.'
‘The official home of the Python Programming Language.’
Metadata Results#
Run query through GoogleSearch and return snippet, title, and link metadata.
Snippet: The description of the result.
Title: The title of the result.
Link: The link to the result.
search = GoogleSearchAPIWrapper()
def top5_results(query):
    return search.results(query, 5)
tool = Tool(
    name = "Google Search Snippets",
    description="Search Google for recent results.",
    func=top5_results
)
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Google Places
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Google Serper API
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Number of Results
Metadata Results
By Harrison Chase

      © Copyright 2023, Harrison Chase.

  Last updated on Jun 02, 2023.


.ipynb
.pdf
Metaphor Search
 Contents
Metaphor Search
Call the API
Use Metaphor as a tool
Metaphor Search#
This notebook goes over how to use Metaphor search.
First, you need to set up the proper API keys and environment variables. Request an API key [here](Sign up for early access here).
Then enter your API key as an environment variable.
import os
os.environ["METAPHOR_API_KEY"] = ""
from langchain.utilities import MetaphorSearchAPIWrapper
search = MetaphorSearchAPIWrapper()
Call the API#
results takes in a Metaphor-optimized search query and a number of results (up to 500). It returns a list of results with title, url, author, and creation date.
search.results("The best blog post about AI safety is definitely this: ", 10)


{'results': [{'url': 'https://www.anthropic.com/index/core-views-on-ai-safety', 'title': 'Core Views on AI Safety: When, Why, What, and How', 'dateCreated': '2023-03-08', 'author': None, 'score': 0.1998831331729889}, {'url': 'https://aisafety.wordpress.com/', 'title': 'Extinction Risk from Artificial Intelligence', 'dateCreated': '2013-10-08', 'author': None, 'score': 0.19801370799541473}, {'url': 'https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/WhNxG4r774bK32GcH/the-simple-picture-on-ai-safety', 'title': 'The simple picture on AI safety - LessWrong', 'dateCreated': '2018-05-27', 'author': 'Alex Flint', 'score': 0.19735534489154816}, {'url': 'https://slatestarcodex.com/2015/05/29/no-time-like-the-present-for-ai-safety-work/', 'title': 'No Time Like The Present For AI Safety Work', 'dateCreated': '2015-05-29', 'author': None, 'score': 0.19408763945102692}, {'url': 'https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/5BJvusxdwNXYQ4L9L/so-you-want-to-save-the-world', 'title': 'So You Want to Save the World - LessWrong', 'dateCreated': '2012-01-01', 'author': 'Lukeprog', 'score': 0.18853715062141418}, {'url': 'https://openai.com/blog/planning-for-agi-and-beyond', 'title': 'Planning for AGI and beyond', 'dateCreated':


'title': 'Planning for AGI and beyond', 'dateCreated': '2023-02-24', 'author': 'Authors', 'score': 0.18665121495723724}, {'url': 'https://waitbutwhy.com/2015/01/artificial-intelligence-revolution-1.html', 'title': 'The Artificial Intelligence Revolution: Part 1 - Wait But Why', 'dateCreated': '2015-01-22', 'author': 'Tim Urban', 'score': 0.18604731559753418}, {'url': 'https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/uGDCaPFaPkuxAowmH/anthropic-core-views-on-ai-safety-when-why-what-and-how', 'title': 'Anthropic: Core Views on AI Safety: When, Why, What, and How - EA Forum', 'dateCreated': '2023-03-09', 'author': 'Jonmenaster', 'score': 0.18415069580078125}, {'url': 'https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/xBrpph9knzWdtMWeQ/the-proof-of-doom', 'title': 'The Proof of Doom - LessWrong', 'dateCreated': '2022-03-09', 'author': 'Johnlawrenceaspden', 'score': 0.18159329891204834}, {'url': 'https://intelligence.org/why-ai-safety/', 'title': 'Why AI Safety? - Machine Intelligence Research Institute', 'dateCreated': '2017-03-01', 'author': None, 'score': 0.1814115345478058}]}


[{'title': 'Core Views on AI Safety: When, Why, What, and How',
  'url': 'https://www.anthropic.com/index/core-views-on-ai-safety',
  'author': None,
  'date_created': '2023-03-08'},
 {'title': 'Extinction Risk from Artificial Intelligence',
  'url': 'https://aisafety.wordpress.com/',
  'author': None,
  'date_created': '2013-10-08'},
 {'title': 'The simple picture on AI safety - LessWrong',
  'url': 'https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/WhNxG4r774bK32GcH/the-simple-picture-on-ai-safety',
  'author': 'Alex Flint',
  'date_created': '2018-05-27'},
 {'title': 'No Time Like The Present For AI Safety Work',
  'url': 'https://slatestarcodex.com/2015/05/29/no-time-like-the-present-for-ai-safety-work/',
  'author': None,
  'date_created': '2015-05-29'},
 {'title': 'So You Want to Save the World - LessWrong',
  'url': 'https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/5BJvusxdwNXYQ4L9L/so-you-want-to-save-the-world',
  'author': 'Lukeprog',
  'date_created': '2012-01-01'},
 {'title': 'Planning for AGI and beyond',
  'url': 'https://openai.com/blog/planning-for-agi-and-beyond',
  'author': 'Authors',
  'date_created': '2023-02-24'},


'date_created': '2023-02-24'},
 {'title': 'The Artificial Intelligence Revolution: Part 1 - Wait But Why',
  'url': 'https://waitbutwhy.com/2015/01/artificial-intelligence-revolution-1.html',
  'author': 'Tim Urban',
  'date_created': '2015-01-22'},
 {'title': 'Anthropic: Core Views on AI Safety: When, Why, What, and How - EA Forum',
  'url': 'https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/uGDCaPFaPkuxAowmH/anthropic-core-views-on-ai-safety-when-why-what-and-how',
  'author': 'Jonmenaster',
  'date_created': '2023-03-09'},
 {'title': 'The Proof of Doom - LessWrong',
  'url': 'https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/xBrpph9knzWdtMWeQ/the-proof-of-doom',
  'author': 'Johnlawrenceaspden',
  'date_created': '2022-03-09'},
 {'title': 'Why AI Safety? - Machine Intelligence Research Institute',
  'url': 'https://intelligence.org/why-ai-safety/',
  'author': None,
  'date_created': '2017-03-01'}]
Use Metaphor as a tool#
Metaphor can be used as a tool that gets URLs that other tools such as browsing tools.
from langchain.agents.agent_toolkits import PlayWrightBrowserToolkit
from langchain.tools.playwright.utils import (
    create_async_playwright_browser,# A synchronous browser is available, though it isn't compatible with jupyter.
)
async_browser = create_async_playwright_browser()


)
async_browser = create_async_playwright_browser()
toolkit = PlayWrightBrowserToolkit.from_browser(async_browser=async_browser)
tools = toolkit.get_tools()
tools_by_name = {tool.name: tool for tool in tools}
print(tools_by_name.keys())
navigate_tool = tools_by_name["navigate_browser"]
extract_text = tools_by_name["extract_text"]
from langchain.agents import initialize_agent, AgentType
from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI
from langchain.tools import MetaphorSearchResults
llm = ChatOpenAI(model_name="gpt-4", temperature=0.7)
metaphor_tool = MetaphorSearchResults(api_wrapper=search)
agent_chain = initialize_agent([metaphor_tool, extract_text, navigate_tool], llm, agent=AgentType.STRUCTURED_CHAT_ZERO_SHOT_REACT_DESCRIPTION, verbose=True)
agent_chain.run("find me an interesting tweet about AI safety using Metaphor, then tell me the first sentence in the post. Do not finish until able to retrieve the first sentence.")
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain...
Thought: I need to find a tweet about AI safety using Metaphor Search.
Action:
```
{
  "action": "Metaphor Search Results JSON",
  "action_input": {
    "query": "interesting tweet AI safety",
    "num_results": 1
  }
}
```
{'results': [{'url': 'https://safe.ai/', 'title': 'Center for AI Safety', 'dateCreated': '2022-01-01', 'author': None, 'score': 0.18083244562149048}]}


Observation: [{'title': 'Center for AI Safety', 'url': 'https://safe.ai/', 'author': None, 'date_created': '2022-01-01'}]
Thought:I need to navigate to the URL provided in the search results to find the tweet.
> Finished chain.
'I need to navigate to the URL provided in the search results to find the tweet.'
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IFTTT WebHooks
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OpenWeatherMap API
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Metaphor Search
Call the API
Use Metaphor as a tool
By Harrison Chase

      © Copyright 2023, Harrison Chase.

  Last updated on Jun 02, 2023.


.ipynb
.pdf
Human as a tool
 Contents
Configuring the Input Function
Human as a tool#
Human are AGI so they can certainly be used as a tool to help out AI agent
when it is confused.
from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI
from langchain.llms import OpenAI
from langchain.agents import load_tools, initialize_agent
from langchain.agents import AgentType
llm = ChatOpenAI(temperature=0.0)
math_llm = OpenAI(temperature=0.0)
tools = load_tools(
    ["human", "llm-math"],
    llm=math_llm,
)
agent_chain = initialize_agent(
    tools,
    llm,
    agent=AgentType.ZERO_SHOT_REACT_DESCRIPTION,
    verbose=True,
)
In the above code you can see the tool takes input directly from command line.
You can customize prompt_func and input_func according to your need (as shown below).
agent_chain.run("What's my friend Eric's surname?")
# Answer with 'Zhu'
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain...
I don't know Eric's surname, so I should ask a human for guidance.
Action: Human
Action Input: "What is Eric's surname?"
What is Eric's surname?
 Zhu
Observation: Zhu
Thought:I now know Eric's surname is Zhu.
Final Answer: Eric's surname is Zhu.
> Finished chain.
"Eric's surname is Zhu."
Configuring the Input Function#
By default, the HumanInputRun tool uses the python input function to get input from the user.
You can customize the input_func to be anything you’d like.
For instance, if you want to accept multi-line input, you could do the following:
def get_input() -> str:


def get_input() -> str:
    print("Insert your text. Enter 'q' or press Ctrl-D (or Ctrl-Z on Windows) to end.")
    contents = []
    while True:
        try:
            line = input()
        except EOFError:
            break
        if line == "q":
            break
        contents.append(line)
    return "\n".join(contents)
# You can modify the tool when loading
tools = load_tools(
    ["human", "ddg-search"],
    llm=math_llm,
    input_func=get_input
)
# Or you can directly instantiate the tool
from langchain.tools import HumanInputRun
tool = HumanInputRun(input_func=get_input)
agent_chain = initialize_agent(
    tools,
    llm,
    agent=AgentType.ZERO_SHOT_REACT_DESCRIPTION,
    verbose=True,
)
agent_chain.run("I need help attributing a quote")
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain...
I should ask a human for guidance
Action: Human
Action Input: "Can you help me attribute a quote?"
Can you help me attribute a quote?
Insert your text. Enter 'q' or press Ctrl-D (or Ctrl-Z on Windows) to end.
 vini
 vidi
 vici
 q
Observation: vini
vidi
vici
Thought:I need to provide more context about the quote
Action: Human
Action Input: "The quote is 'Veni, vidi, vici'"
The quote is 'Veni, vidi, vici'
Insert your text. Enter 'q' or press Ctrl-D (or Ctrl-Z on Windows) to end.
 oh who said it
 q
Observation: oh who said it


oh who said it
 q
Observation: oh who said it
Thought:I can use DuckDuckGo Search to find out who said the quote
Action: DuckDuckGo Search
Action Input: "Who said 'Veni, vidi, vici'?"


Observation: Updated on September 06, 2019. "Veni, vidi, vici" is a famous phrase said to have been spoken by the Roman Emperor Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE) in a bit of stylish bragging that impressed many of the writers of his day and beyond. The phrase means roughly "I came, I saw, I conquered" and it could be pronounced approximately Vehnee, Veedee ... Veni, vidi, vici (Classical Latin: [weːniː wiːdiː wiːkiː], Ecclesiastical Latin: [ˈveni ˈvidi ˈvitʃi]; "I came; I saw; I conquered") is a Latin phrase used to refer to a swift, conclusive victory.The phrase is popularly attributed to Julius Caesar who, according to Appian, used the phrase in a letter to the Roman Senate around 47 BC after he had achieved a quick victory in his short ... veni, vidi, vici Latin quotation from Julius Caesar ve· ni, vi· di, vi· ci ˌwā-nē ˌwē-dē ˈwē-kē ˌvā-nē ˌvē-dē ˈvē-chē : I came, I saw, I conquered Articles Related to veni, vidi, vici 'In Vino Veritas' and Other Latin... Dictionary Entries Near veni, vidi, vici Venite veni, vidi, vici Venizélos See More Nearby Entries Cite this Entry Style The simplest explanation for why veni, vidi, vici is a popular saying is that it comes from Julius Caesar, one of history's most famous figures, and has a simple, strong meaning: I'm powerful and fast. But it's not just the meaning that makes


simple, strong meaning: I'm powerful and fast. But it's not just the meaning that makes the phrase so powerful. Caesar was a gifted writer, and the phrase makes use of Latin grammar to ... One of the best known and most frequently quoted Latin expression, veni, vidi, vici may be found hundreds of times throughout the centuries used as an expression of triumph. The words are said to have been used by Caesar as he was enjoying a triumph.


Thought:I now know the final answer
Final Answer: Julius Caesar said the quote "Veni, vidi, vici" which means "I came, I saw, I conquered".
> Finished chain.
'Julius Caesar said the quote "Veni, vidi, vici" which means "I came, I saw, I conquered".'
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HuggingFace Tools
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IFTTT WebHooks
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Configuring the Input Function
By Harrison Chase

      © Copyright 2023, Harrison Chase.

  Last updated on Jun 02, 2023.


.ipynb
.pdf
Google Places
Google Places#
This notebook goes through how to use Google Places API
#!pip install googlemaps
import os
os.environ["GPLACES_API_KEY"] = ""
from langchain.tools import GooglePlacesTool
places = GooglePlacesTool()
places.run("al fornos")
"1. Delfina Restaurant\nAddress: 3621 18th St, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA\nPhone: (415) 552-4055\nWebsite: https://www.delfinasf.com/\n\n\n2. Piccolo Forno\nAddress: 725 Columbus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94133, USA\nPhone: (415) 757-0087\nWebsite: https://piccolo-forno-sf.com/\n\n\n3. L'Osteria del Forno\nAddress: 519 Columbus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94133, USA\nPhone: (415) 982-1124\nWebsite: Unknown\n\n\n4. Il Fornaio\nAddress: 1265 Battery St, San Francisco, CA 94111, USA\nPhone: (415) 986-0100\nWebsite: https://www.ilfornaio.com/\n\n"
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File System Tools
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Google Search
By Harrison Chase

      © Copyright 2023, Harrison Chase.

  Last updated on Jun 02, 2023.


.ipynb
.pdf
File System Tools
 Contents
The FileManagementToolkit
Selecting File System Tools
File System Tools#
LangChain provides tools for interacting with a local file system out of the box. This notebook walks through some of them.
Note: these tools are not recommended for use outside a sandboxed environment!
First, we’ll import the tools.
from langchain.tools.file_management import (
    ReadFileTool,
    CopyFileTool,
    DeleteFileTool,
    MoveFileTool,
    WriteFileTool,
    ListDirectoryTool,
)
from langchain.agents.agent_toolkits import FileManagementToolkit
from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
# We'll make a temporary directory to avoid clutter
working_directory = TemporaryDirectory()
The FileManagementToolkit#
If you want to provide all the file tooling to your agent, it’s easy to do so with the toolkit. We’ll pass the temporary directory in as a root directory as a workspace for the LLM.
It’s recommended to always pass in a root directory, since without one, it’s easy for the LLM to pollute the working directory, and without one, there isn’t any validation against
straightforward prompt injection.
toolkit = FileManagementToolkit(root_dir=str(working_directory.name)) # If you don't provide a root_dir, operations will default to the current working directory
toolkit.get_tools()


toolkit.get_tools()
[CopyFileTool(name='copy_file', description='Create a copy of a file in a specified location', args_schema=<class 'langchain.tools.file_management.copy.FileCopyInput'>, return_direct=False, verbose=False, callback_manager=<langchain.callbacks.shared.SharedCallbackManager object at 0x1156f4350>, root_dir='/var/folders/gf/6rnp_mbx5914kx7qmmh7xzmw0000gn/T/tmpxb8c3aug'),
 DeleteFileTool(name='file_delete', description='Delete a file', args_schema=<class 'langchain.tools.file_management.delete.FileDeleteInput'>, return_direct=False, verbose=False, callback_manager=<langchain.callbacks.shared.SharedCallbackManager object at 0x1156f4350>, root_dir='/var/folders/gf/6rnp_mbx5914kx7qmmh7xzmw0000gn/T/tmpxb8c3aug'),
 FileSearchTool(name='file_search', description='Recursively search for files in a subdirectory that match the regex pattern', args_schema=<class 'langchain.tools.file_management.file_search.FileSearchInput'>, return_direct=False, verbose=False, callback_manager=<langchain.callbacks.shared.SharedCallbackManager object at 0x1156f4350>, root_dir='/var/folders/gf/6rnp_mbx5914kx7qmmh7xzmw0000gn/T/tmpxb8c3aug'),


MoveFileTool(name='move_file', description='Move or rename a file from one location to another', args_schema=<class 'langchain.tools.file_management.move.FileMoveInput'>, return_direct=False, verbose=False, callback_manager=<langchain.callbacks.shared.SharedCallbackManager object at 0x1156f4350>, root_dir='/var/folders/gf/6rnp_mbx5914kx7qmmh7xzmw0000gn/T/tmpxb8c3aug'),
 ReadFileTool(name='read_file', description='Read file from disk', args_schema=<class 'langchain.tools.file_management.read.ReadFileInput'>, return_direct=False, verbose=False, callback_manager=<langchain.callbacks.shared.SharedCallbackManager object at 0x1156f4350>, root_dir='/var/folders/gf/6rnp_mbx5914kx7qmmh7xzmw0000gn/T/tmpxb8c3aug'),
 WriteFileTool(name='write_file', description='Write file to disk', args_schema=<class 'langchain.tools.file_management.write.WriteFileInput'>, return_direct=False, verbose=False, callback_manager=<langchain.callbacks.shared.SharedCallbackManager object at 0x1156f4350>, root_dir='/var/folders/gf/6rnp_mbx5914kx7qmmh7xzmw0000gn/T/tmpxb8c3aug'),
 ListDirectoryTool(name='list_directory', description='List files and directories in a specified folder', args_schema=<class 'langchain.tools.file_management.list_dir.DirectoryListingInput'>, return_direct=False, verbose=False, callback_manager=<langchain.callbacks.shared.SharedCallbackManager object at 0x1156f4350>, root_dir='/var/folders/gf/6rnp_mbx5914kx7qmmh7xzmw0000gn/T/tmpxb8c3aug')]


Selecting File System Tools#
If you only want to select certain tools, you can pass them in as arguments when initializing the toolkit, or you can individually initialize the desired tools.
tools = FileManagementToolkit(root_dir=str(working_directory.name), selected_tools=["read_file", "write_file", "list_directory"]).get_tools()
tools
[ReadFileTool(name='read_file', description='Read file from disk', args_schema=<class 'langchain.tools.file_management.read.ReadFileInput'>, return_direct=False, verbose=False, callback_manager=<langchain.callbacks.shared.SharedCallbackManager object at 0x1156f4350>, root_dir='/var/folders/gf/6rnp_mbx5914kx7qmmh7xzmw0000gn/T/tmpxb8c3aug'),
 WriteFileTool(name='write_file', description='Write file to disk', args_schema=<class 'langchain.tools.file_management.write.WriteFileInput'>, return_direct=False, verbose=False, callback_manager=<langchain.callbacks.shared.SharedCallbackManager object at 0x1156f4350>, root_dir='/var/folders/gf/6rnp_mbx5914kx7qmmh7xzmw0000gn/T/tmpxb8c3aug'),
 ListDirectoryTool(name='list_directory', description='List files and directories in a specified folder', args_schema=<class 'langchain.tools.file_management.list_dir.DirectoryListingInput'>, return_direct=False, verbose=False, callback_manager=<langchain.callbacks.shared.SharedCallbackManager object at 0x1156f4350>, root_dir='/var/folders/gf/6rnp_mbx5914kx7qmmh7xzmw0000gn/T/tmpxb8c3aug')]
read_tool, write_tool, list_tool = tools
write_tool.run({"file_path": "example.txt", "text": "Hello World!"})


write_tool.run({"file_path": "example.txt", "text": "Hello World!"})
'File written successfully to example.txt.'
# List files in the working directory
list_tool.run({})
'example.txt'
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Google Places
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The FileManagementToolkit
Selecting File System Tools
By Harrison Chase

      © Copyright 2023, Harrison Chase.

  Last updated on Jun 02, 2023.


.ipynb
.pdf
HuggingFace Tools
HuggingFace Tools#
Huggingface Tools supporting text I/O can be
loaded directly using the load_huggingface_tool function.
# Requires transformers>=4.29.0 and huggingface_hub>=0.14.1
!pip install --upgrade transformers huggingface_hub > /dev/null
from langchain.agents import load_huggingface_tool
tool = load_huggingface_tool("lysandre/hf-model-downloads")
print(f"{tool.name}: {tool.description}")
model_download_counter: This is a tool that returns the most downloaded model of a given task on the Hugging Face Hub. It takes the name of the category (such as text-classification, depth-estimation, etc), and returns the name of the checkpoint
tool.run("text-classification")
'facebook/bart-large-mnli'
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YouTubeSearchTool
YouTubeSearchTool#
This notebook shows how to use a tool to search YouTube
Adapted from venuv/langchain_yt_tools
#! pip install youtube_search
from langchain.tools import YouTubeSearchTool
tool = YouTubeSearchTool()
tool.run("lex friedman")
"['/watch?v=VcVfceTsD0A&pp=ygUMbGV4IGZyaWVkbWFu', '/watch?v=gPfriiHBBek&pp=ygUMbGV4IGZyaWVkbWFu']"
You can also specify the number of results that are returned
tool.run("lex friedman,5")
"['/watch?v=VcVfceTsD0A&pp=ygUMbGV4IGZyaWVkbWFu', '/watch?v=YVJ8gTnDC4Y&pp=ygUMbGV4IGZyaWVkbWFu', '/watch?v=Udh22kuLebg&pp=ygUMbGV4IGZyaWVkbWFu', '/watch?v=gPfriiHBBek&pp=ygUMbGV4IGZyaWVkbWFu', '/watch?v=L_Guz73e6fw&pp=ygUMbGV4IGZyaWVkbWFu']"
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Zapier Natural Language Actions API
By Harrison Chase

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  Last updated on Jun 02, 2023.


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AWS Lambda API
AWS Lambda API#
This notebook goes over how to use the AWS Lambda Tool component.
AWS Lambda is a serverless computing service provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS), designed to allow developers to build and run applications and services without the need for provisioning or managing servers. This serverless architecture enables you to focus on writing and deploying code, while AWS automatically takes care of scaling, patching, and managing the infrastructure required to run your applications.
By including a awslambda in the list of tools provided to an Agent, you can grant your Agent the ability to invoke code running in your AWS Cloud for whatever purposes you need.
When an Agent uses the awslambda tool, it will provide an argument of type string which will in turn be passed into the Lambda function via the event parameter.
First, you need to install boto3 python package.
!pip install boto3 > /dev/null
In order for an agent to use the tool, you must provide it with the name and description that match the functionality of you lambda function’s logic.
You must also provide the name of your function.
Note that because this tool is effectively just a wrapper around the boto3 library, you will need to run aws configure in order to make use of the tool. For more detail, see here
from langchain import OpenAI
from langchain.agents import load_tools, AgentType
llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)
tools = load_tools(
    ["awslambda"],
    awslambda_tool_name="email-sender",
    awslambda_tool_description="sends an email with the specified content to test@testing123.com",
    function_name="testFunction1"
)
agent = initialize_agent(tools, llm, agent=AgentType.ZERO_SHOT_REACT_DESCRIPTION, verbose=True)


agent.run("Send an email to test@testing123.com saying hello world.")
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By Harrison Chase

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Bing Search
 Contents
Number of results
Metadata Results
Bing Search#
This notebook goes over how to use the bing search component.
First, you need to set up the proper API keys and environment variables. To set it up, follow the instructions found here.
Then we will need to set some environment variables.
import os
os.environ["BING_SUBSCRIPTION_KEY"] = ""
os.environ["BING_SEARCH_URL"] = ""
from langchain.utilities import BingSearchAPIWrapper
search = BingSearchAPIWrapper()
search.run("python")


'Thanks to the flexibility of Python and the powerful ecosystem of packages, the Azure CLI supports features such as autocompletion (in shells that support it), persistent credentials, JMESPath result parsing, lazy initialization, network-less unit tests, and more. Building an open-source and cross-platform Azure CLI with Python by Dan Taylor. Python releases by version number: Release version Release date Click for more. Python 3.11.1 Dec. 6, 2022 Download Release Notes. Python 3.10.9 Dec. 6, 2022 Download Release Notes. Python 3.9.16 Dec. 6, 2022 Download Release Notes. Python 3.8.16 Dec. 6, 2022 Download Release Notes. Python 3.7.16 Dec. 6, 2022 Download Release Notes. In this lesson, we will look at the += operator in Python and see how it works with several simple examples.. The operator ‘+=’ is a shorthand for the addition assignment operator.It adds two values and assigns the sum to a variable (left operand). W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more. This tutorial introduces the reader informally to the basic concepts and features of the Python language and system. It helps to have a Python interpreter handy for hands-on experience, but all examples are self-contained, so the tutorial can be read off-line as well. For a description of standard objects


self-contained, so the tutorial can be read off-line as well. For a description of standard objects and modules, see The Python Standard ... Python is a general-purpose, versatile, and powerful programming language. It's a great first language because Python code is concise and easy to read. Whatever you want to do, python can do it. From web development to machine learning to data science, Python is the language for you. To install Python using the Microsoft Store: Go to your Start menu (lower left Windows icon), type "Microsoft Store", select the link to open the store. Once the store is open, select Search from the upper-right menu and enter "Python". Select which version of Python you would like to use from the results under Apps. Under the “Python Releases for Mac OS X” heading, click the link for the Latest Python 3 Release - Python 3.x.x. As of this writing, the latest version was Python 3.8.4. Scroll to the bottom and click macOS 64-bit installer to start the download. When the installer is finished downloading, move on to the next step. Step 2: Run the Installer'


Number of results#
You can use the k parameter to set the number of results
search = BingSearchAPIWrapper(k=1)
search.run("python")
'Thanks to the flexibility of Python and the powerful ecosystem of packages, the Azure CLI supports features such as autocompletion (in shells that support it), persistent credentials, JMESPath result parsing, lazy initialization, network-less unit tests, and more. Building an open-source and cross-platform Azure CLI with Python by Dan Taylor.'
Metadata Results#
Run query through BingSearch and return snippet, title, and link metadata.
Snippet: The description of the result.
Title: The title of the result.
Link: The link to the result.
search = BingSearchAPIWrapper()
search.results("apples", 5)
[{'snippet': 'Lady Alice. Pink Lady apples aren’t the only lady in the apple family. Lady Alice apples were discovered growing, thanks to bees pollinating, in Washington. They are smaller and slightly more stout in appearance than other varieties. Their skin color appears to have red and yellow stripes running from stem to butt.',
  'title': '25 Types of Apples - Jessica Gavin',
  'link': 'https://www.jessicagavin.com/types-of-apples/'},
 {'snippet': 'Apples can do a lot for you, thanks to plant chemicals called flavonoids. And they have pectin, a fiber that breaks down in your gut. If you take off the apple’s skin before eating it, you won ...',
  'title': 'Apples: Nutrition & Health Benefits - WebMD',
  'link': 'https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/benefits-apples'},


{'snippet': 'Apples boast many vitamins and minerals, though not in high amounts. However, apples are usually a good source of vitamin C. Vitamin C. Also called ascorbic acid, this vitamin is a common ...',
  'title': 'Apples 101: Nutrition Facts and Health Benefits',
  'link': 'https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/foods/apples'},
 {'snippet': 'Weight management. The fibers in apples can slow digestion, helping one to feel greater satisfaction after eating. After following three large prospective cohorts of 133,468 men and women for 24 years, researchers found that higher intakes of fiber-rich fruits with a low glycemic load, particularly apples and pears, were associated with the least amount of weight gain over time.',
  'title': 'Apples | The Nutrition Source | Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health',
  'link': 'https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/food-features/apples/'}]
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Number of results
Metadata Results
By Harrison Chase

      © Copyright 2023, Harrison Chase.

  Last updated on Jun 02, 2023.


.ipynb
.pdf
OpenWeatherMap API
 Contents
Use the wrapper
Use the tool
OpenWeatherMap API#
This notebook goes over how to use the OpenWeatherMap component to fetch weather information.
First, you need to sign up for an OpenWeatherMap API key:
Go to OpenWeatherMap and sign up for an API key here
pip install pyowm
Then we will need to set some environment variables:
Save your API KEY into OPENWEATHERMAP_API_KEY env variable
Use the wrapper#
from langchain.utilities import OpenWeatherMapAPIWrapper
import os
os.environ["OPENWEATHERMAP_API_KEY"] = ""
weather = OpenWeatherMapAPIWrapper()
weather_data = weather.run("London,GB")
print(weather_data)
In London,GB, the current weather is as follows:
Detailed status: broken clouds
Wind speed: 2.57 m/s, direction: 240°
Humidity: 55%
Temperature:
  - Current: 20.12°C
  - High: 21.75°C
  - Low: 18.68°C
  - Feels like: 19.62°C
Rain: {}
Heat index: None
Cloud cover: 75%
Use the tool#
from langchain.llms import OpenAI
from langchain.agents import load_tools, initialize_agent, AgentType
import os
os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = ""
os.environ["OPENWEATHERMAP_API_KEY"] = ""
llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)
tools = load_tools(["openweathermap-api"], llm)
agent_chain = initialize_agent(
    tools=tools,
    llm=llm,
    agent=AgentType.ZERO_SHOT_REACT_DESCRIPTION,
    verbose=True
)